UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
DAVIS
GENERAL HISTORY
DICHLAMYDEOUS PLANTS,
COMPRISING COMPLETE
DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT ORDERS;
TOGETHER WITH THE
-.
CHARACTERS OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES, AND AN ENUMERATION OF THE CULTIVATED VARIETIES;
THEIR PLACES OF GROWTH, TIME OF FLOWERING, MODE OF CULTURE, AND
USES IN MEDICINE AND DOMESTIC ECONOMY;
THE SCIENTIFIC NAMES ACCENTUATED, THEIR ETYMOLOGIES EXPLAINED, AND THE CLASSES AND ORDERS
ILLUSTRATED BY ENGRAVINGS,
AND PRECEDED BY INTRODUCTIONS TO THE LINN^AN AND NATURAL SYSTEMS,
AND A GLOSSARY OF THE TERMS USED:
THE WHOLE
ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE NATURAL SYSTEM.
BY GEORGE DON, F.L.S.
IN FOUR VOLUMES.
VOL. III.— CALYCIFLOR^E.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR J. G. AND F. RIVINGTON ; J. AND \V. T. CLARKE; LONGMAN AND CO.; T. CADELL ; J. RICHARDSON; JEFFERY
AND SON; BALDWIN AND CRADOCK ; J. BOOKER; J. BOOTH; HARVEY AND DARTON ; S. BAGSTER ; SHERWOOD AND CO.;
HARDING AND LEPARD ; J. F. SETCHEL ; WHITTAKER AND CO.; SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL; AND E. HODGSON.
MDCCCXXXIV.
/ fl-Jtf
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
IIPQAIJV
LlbKAKY mnvKRSITY OK CALIFORNIA
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
/
LONDON:
[IT & RIVINOTON, PRINTERS,
ST. JOHN'S
INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME,
COMPRISING THE
SYSTEMATIC AND ENGLISH GENERIC NAMES, AND THE ENGLISH AND SYSTEMATIC SYNONYMES.
*„* In this Index the systematic names used, and the English names in common use, are in Roman letters ; the synonymes in Italics ; the names of Classes,
Sub-classes, and Orders in large capitals ; and the names of Sub-orders and Tribes in small capitals.
A.
Abelia, 452
Ach-weed, 288
Achyranthes, 89. 91
Acicarpha, 696
Aciphylla, 318.
Acrolasia, 61
Acrodryon, 610
Acrotriche, 780, 781
Actinanthus, 274
Actimphyllum, 390, 391
Actinotus, 263
Aculeosa, 745
Acunnia, 849
Adamia, 235
Adenophora, 769-771
Adina, 471, 472
Adoxa, 383
JEginetia, 486. 663
jEgopodium, 287, 288
jEtlmsa, 305, 306
JElhusa, 282. 284. 305. 320.
Agapetes, 862, 863
Agarista, 837-838
Agasyllis, 347
Agasyllis, 330. 336
Agostatia, 296
Aidia, 452
Aikinia, 738, 739
Aizoon, 153, 154
Aizoon, 152
Ajouan, 285
Ajawain, 285
Ajava-seed, 285
Alacospermum, 291
Alalernus, 446
Alepidea, 266
Alexanders, 380, 381
Alibertia, 542
Allasia, 43
All-seed, 93
Alseis, 512
Alsinoides, 82
Alternanthera, 92
Amaioua, 488, 489
Amajouti, 488
Amaracarpus, 562
Amber-tree, 636
Ambraria, 636
jtmbraria, 635, 636
Ammannia, 536
Ammi, 28C, 287
i Ammi, 280. 283, 284. 289. 312
AMMINEjE, 274
Aparines, 637
Athamanta, 315, 316
Ammios, 284
Apenula, 768
Athamantha, 275. 284, 285.
Ammoides, 284
Aphyllantes, 733
307-309. 312-314. 319,320.
Ammoniac, 328, 329
Apinella, 281
333 335. 362. 376. 378
Ammyrsine, 851
Apiunv 276-279
Atrema, 381
Amordica, 35
Apium, 279, 280. 285, 286.
Aucuba, 433
Ampelosicyos, 39
288. 294, 295. 316, 31?
Augusta, 513
Anacampseros, 75, 76
Apocynitm, 561
Augustea, 513
Aiiacampseros, 80. 114-116
Apradus, 372
Aukuba, 433
Ancylanthus, 559
Arabidia, 207
Aulaxis, 206
Anderosacme, 519
Arachnimorpha, 516
Aureliana, 384
Andersonia, 784
Aralia, 378, 389
Aversia, 92
Andersonia, 721
Aralia, 384-388. 391-395
Avicularia, 768
Andrachne, 834
ARALIACEiE, 383
Axanthes, 540
Andromeda, 829
Aralia, 383
Aylmeria, 83, 84
Andromeda, 829-833. 835-840.
Araliastrum, 384
Azalea, 850
850. 857
Arbutus, 834-835
Azalea, 845-848. 850.
ANDROMEDE/E, 828
Arbutus, 835-837. 839-841.
Azorella, 259, 260
Anethum, 336, 337
Arceuthobium, 408
Azorella, 257-261
Anethum, 282. 306, 30?. 338
Archangelica, 323, 324
Angelica, 322, 323
Archangelica, 351
Angelica, Garden, 324
Archemora, 338
B.
Angelica, 275. 315. 317- 319.
Arctopus, 372
321-324. 334, 335. 348
Arctostaphylos, 835, 836
Baconia, 570
\\<;i:i,ii i r, 321
Arenaria, 93
Baderoa, 34
Anguina, 38
Argostemma, 523, 524
Balardia, 92
Anguria, 42
Argylophora, 469
Bald-money, 320
Anidrum, 381
Arnoldia, 201
Bald-money, Swiss, 320
Anisanthus, 452
Ar-nut, 290
Balsam Apple, 35
Anise, 294
Arpitium, 320
Bandhuca, 570
Anisosciadium, 371
Arracacha, 377, 378
Barbadoes Gooseberry, 175,
Anisum, 294
Artedia, 353
176
Annesorhiza, 304
Artedia, 275. 354
Barleria, 538
Anonymus, 535
Arthrophyllum, 395
Barllingia, 634
Anopterus, 195
Ascarina, 434
Bartonia, 61, 62
Anotis, 533-535
Ascarina, 434
Bauera, 203
Antacanthus, 569
AsephanantJies, 48
BAUERE.E, 202
Anthactinia, 51
Ash-weed, 288
Bear-berry, 835, 836
Antherura, 584
Aspera, 659
Bear's grape, 854, 855
ANTHOSPERME-E, 634
Asperula, 637-640
Bed-straw, 647-658. 660, 661
Anthospermum, 635, 636
Asperula, 634. 642. 651
Befaria, 849
Anthospermum, 635
Asperulea, 637
Bejaria, 849
Anthotium, 727
Assafretida, 326, 32?
Belangera, 202
Anthriscus, 364, 365
Asteriscium, 263
Belilla, 489
Anthriscus, 295. 362. 366
Asterocephalus, 687-695
Bellardia, 508, 509
Anthyllis, 93
Astilbe, 229
Bell-flower, 750-768
Antiphylla, 214
Astoma, 381
Benincasa, 29
Antirrhcea, 553
Astrantia, 265, 266
Benzonia, 664
Antonia, 598
Astrantia, 264. 266. 335
Bergenia, 206
Anychia, 88
Astrephia, 670
Bertiera, 505
Anycltia, 89
Astrephia, 674. 677, 678
Berula, 295
Anys-wortle, 305
Astroloma, 775
Betckea, 680
Aparine, 656. 658, 659
Astrotricha, 258
Bhoopidea:, 696
Aparinetf, 637
Astydamia, 340
Bifora, 381
Biforis, 305
Bigelowia, 613-616.618. 621
Bikkia, 514
Bilberry, 852
Bittardiera, 576
Billiottia, 560
Bishop's Weed, 286, 287
Bistella, 231
Bivonaa, 90
Black Wattle, 201
Blseria, 804, 805
Blaria, 805
Blandfardia, 204
Blea-berry, 852
Blondia, 229
Blue-bells, 759
Bluets, 852
Blumenbachia, 62
Bobaea, 554
Bobea, 554
Boerhavia, 671
Bois de rat, 556
Bois Mussard, 556
Bolax, 260
Bolai, 254, 255. 258-261
Boopis, 696
Boopis, 696
Borreria, 611-618
Bouvardia, 485, 486
Bouvardia, 516
Bowlesia, 258, 259
Bowlesia, 261. 335
Bradlaia, 347
Breonia, 472
Brignolia, 542
Brignolia, 307
Broad-scaled Heath 807-809
Bronnia, 70
Broussaisia, 235
Bruchia, 576
Brunonia, 731
BRUNONIE.E, 731
Bryanthus, 833
Bryonia,30-33
Bryony, 30-33
Bryony, White, 32
Bryophyllum, 109
Bubalina, 488
Bubon, 336
Bubon, 301. 307-309. 311,312.
316
Buchoxia 633.
Buddlea, 610
Bucna, 470 479. 538
INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME.
Bulbocastanurn, 289
Buglossum, 728
Bulliarda, 99
Bulliarda, 98
Bunium, 289-291
Bunium, 2C2. 284-285. 288-
289. 30?. 319
Jlnplfuroides, 635
Bupleurum, 296-301
Bupleunm, 280. 301. 376
Buprestis, 297. 301
Bur-parsley, 360
Burcardin, 70
Burchellia, 488
Burghartia, 70
Burnet-saxifrage, 291-294
Burneya, 554
Button-wood, 610-611
Button-weed, 619-623
C.
Cachrys, 372-374
Cachrys 275. 313. 321. 34?.
354. 374-376
Cactem, 156
Cacti, 156
Cactinete, 156
Cactoidea, 156
Cactus, 157-177
Cadamba, 550
Caiophora, 65
Calanchoe, 108, 109
Calandrinia, 78-80
Caldasia, 368
Caldcluvia, 200
Calico-bush, 850
Callicocca, 604-608
Callicoma, 201, 202
Callipeltis, 661
Calliphyllum, 213
Callista, 812-816
Callisace, 336
Callogyne, 726
Calluna, 828
Calycera, 696
CALYCERE^E, 696
Calycomis, 201
Calysphyrum, 665
Calycopbyllum, 486, 487
Cameraria, 82
CAMPANIEJ:, 731
Campanula, 750-768.
Campanula, 734-746. 750. 768-
773
CAMPANULE^:, 746
CAMPANULACEjE, 731
Campanumcea, 735, 736
Campderia, 307
CAMPYLOSPF.RMJE, 359
Canaria, 736
Canarlna, 736
Canela, 478
Cauephora, 488
Canephora, 488
Canonanthus, 718
Canterbury bells, 757
Canthium, 562, 563
Canthium, 506, 507. 562. 564,
565
Canlua, 1\
Capnophyllum, 337
Capnophyllum, 347
CAPRIFOLIACE.E, 435
Caprifolium, 444-449
Caprosma, 634, 635
Caquepiria, 498
Carapichea, 608
Caraway, 288, 289
Cardionema, 90
Careum, 288
Carica, 44
Caricea, 43
Carissa, 562
Carota, 354
Carphalea, 520
Carphalea, 486
Carrot, 353-359
Carrot, Candy, 316
Carrot, Common, 354-359
Carum, 288, 289
Carum, 284. 310. 322
Carvi, 288
Cascarilla, 474. 478, 479
Cassandra, 830
Cassidocarpits, 263
Cassiope, 829
Cassupa, 492
Cassytha, 176
Catchweed, 658
Cateplia, 257
Catesbaea, 510, 511
Catesbtsa, 517. 569
CAUCALINE*;, 360
Caucalis, 360
Caiicalis, 264. 347. 352, 353,
354. 361, 362
Cedrela, 196
Celeriac, 277
Celery, 277-279
Celosia, 91
Cenolopbium, 313
Centetta, 254, 255
Centranthus, 672
CEPHyELIDE^E, 604
Cephaelis, 604 608
Cephalis, 488. 585. 591. 608,
609
CEPHALANTHE*, 609
Cephalanthus, 610
Cephalanthus, 467-468
Cephalaria, 684-686
Cephalaria, 684. 688
Cephaleis, 604
Cephalina, 487
Cephalostigma, 735
Ceratopetalum, 202
Ceratopetalutn, 202
Ceramia, 806, 807
Ceratosanthes, 39
Ceratostema, 863
Cerdia, 93
Cerefolium, 364-366
Cereus, 164-171
Cereus, Creeping, 168
Cereus, Night-flowering, 168
Cereus, 163. 170, 171
Cerionanthus, 684, 685
Ceriscus, 494. 500, 501
Cervaria, 333
Cervicaria, 750. 755
Cervicina, 742
Oestrum, 486. 599
Cevallia, 697
Charophyllum, 365-368
Clitrropliyllam, 291. 362-365.
368, 369
Chamtfcerasus, 446. 449, 450
Chamctledon, 850, 851.
Chamaesciadimn, 289
Ckamredaphne, 548
Chanderoba, 3
Cliapeliera, 503
Charantia, 35
Chasalia, 603
Chate, 27
Chay, or Che, 529, 530
Chayota, 37
Chayote, 37
Cheese-rennet, 655
Chenocarpus, 619
Chervil, 364, 365
Chervil, Garden, 365
Chervil, Great, 369
Chervil, Sweet, 369
Chervil, Wild, 366
Chimaphila, 865
Chimaza, 865
Chimarrhis, 513
Chiococca, 568, 569
Chiocoeca, 520. 569
Chicoincea, 555
Chione, 554
Choco, 37
Chlorophytum, 611
Chloranthus, 434
CHLORANTHE^,433
Chomelia, 569
Chomelia, 553
Chona, 817, 818
Chondrocarpus, 248. 253
Chondrosea, 213-217
Christimia, 485
Chrysosplenium, 227
Chu-Lan, 434
Cianitis, 234
Cicely, 365-368
Cicuta, 275, 276
Clcula, 283. 285, 286. 306.
313. 337. 377
Cicutaria, 275, 276. 304.
364
Cieca, 48
Ciliaria, 212, 213
Cinchona, 473-479
Cinchona, 468. 479-483. 486.
488. 511. 632
ClNCHONACEJE, 466
ClNCHONEjE, 472
Citrullus, 40
Cladothamnus, 865, 866
Claytonia, 80 82
Claytonia, 76-80
Cleavers, 658
Clermontea, 698
Clethra, 841, 842
Clifortia, 637
Cnidium, 313, 314
Cnidium, 313. 315. 317-319.
333. 369
Cobata, 446
Coccocypselum, 508, 509
Coccocipsilum, 485-508
Coccocypsilum, 484. 509. 538.
Codia, 202
Codia, 201
CODIES, 202
Codonium, 432
Codonopsis, 736
CCELOSPERM/E, 381
Coelospermum, 558
Coffe, 579
Coffea, 579 584
Co/ea, 440. 567. 569. 576.
578, 579. 603
COFFEACEjE, 562
Coffee-tree, 579-584
Coffee-tree, Common, 579-581
COFFEES, 562
Colladonia, 375
Colladonia, 598
Colobanthus, 83
Colocynth, 28
Colocynth, False, 41
Colocynthis, 28
Columbaria, 691
Condalia, 508, 509
Condaminea, 511, 512
Condylocarpus, 346
Conioselinum, 321
Conium, 376, 3/7
Conium, 291. 305. 314. 337.
341.347.360. 378
Ctmopodium, 290, 291
ConotricMa, 485
Conyza, 532
Cordiera, 543
COUDIEREJE, 543
Coriander, 382
CORIANDRE*, 381
Coriandrum, 382
Coriandrum, 275. 306. 377.
381, 382
Corioa, 381
Cormigonus, 514
Corn-Salad, 668
CORNER, 398
Cornelian Cherry, 400
Cornidia, 234
Cornus, 398-401
Cornus, 442
Corrigiola, 86
Corrigiola, 89
Cortia, 337
Cosmelia, 784
Cosmia, 78
Cosmibuena, 479
Cosmibuena, 478
Cotyledon, 109-111
Cotyledon, 99. 108, 109. 111-
113.214. 249
Coussaria, 576
Coutarea, 472
Covelia, 619
Cowbane, 276
Cow-berry, 856
Cow-parsnip, 341 -344
Cow-parsley, Smooth, 364
Cranberry, Common, 858
Cranberry, American, 858
Crantzia, 255
Crassouvia, 109!
Crassula, 99-103
Crassula, 80. 98-108. 118, 119
CRASSULACE.5E, 97
Crassulece, 97
CRASSULE*, 98
Crethamus, 321
Creodits, 434
Crilamus, 285
Crithmum, 321
Crithmum, 285.307. 311. 313.
319
Crosswort, 641, 642. 656. 662
Crucianella, 640-642
Crucianella, 627
Cruciata, 656
Cruciella, 258
Cruckshanksia, 631
Crusea, 627
Crusea, 554. 630
Cryphaa, 434
Crtjptocarpha, 696
Cryptopetalum, 232
Cryptospermum, 291. 663
Cryptotsenia, 291
Cucullaria, 661
Cucumeroides, 30.
Cucumber, 15-28
Cucumbers, 15-27
Cucumber, Small-seeded, 34
Cucumber, Squirting, 34-36.
Cucumis, 5-28
Cucumis, 28, 29. 38
Cucurbita, 40-42
Cucurbita, 4, 5. 28-30
CUCURBITACE^E, 1
CUCURBITE*:, 24
Cuellaria, 841, 842
Cumbulan, 29
Cumin, 348
CUMINE^E, 347
Cuminum, 348
Cuminoides, 370.
Cuncea, 633
Cunninghamia, 553
Cunonia, 201
CUNONIACE^E, 196
CUNONIEjE, 197
Cupi, 506
Cupia, 506, 507
Currant, 186-191
Currants, Black, 190
Currants, Red, 188, 189
Currants, White, 188, 189
Curtogyne, 106
Cussonia, 387
Cuviera, 559
Cuviera, 560
Cyanea, 699
Cyathodes, 776
Cyathodes, 781
Cyclospermum, 282
Cymbocarpura, 382
Cymopterus, 350
Cynapium, 306
Cynosciadium, 305
Cyphia, 718
Cypselea, 73
Cyrtanthus, 493
Cyrtospermum, 291
Cystanthe, 785
D.
Dactylites, 218
Dactyloides, 218
Dabcecia, 833
Dahlia, 397
Damnacanthus, 562
Dampiera, 730, 731
Danaa, 380
Danais, 483
Danewort, 436
Darluca, 571
Dasyanthes, 826
Dasyloma, 305
Dasyspermum, 291
Dasystemon, 99
DAUCINEJE, 353
Caucus, 353-359
Daucus, 284. 287. 31 (i. 320.
333. 353. 360
Deadly-carrot, 349, 350
Decaspora, 781
Declieuxia, 566-568
Deforgia, 195
Deidamia, 59
Delissea, 699
Democritea, 61 1
Dendrophthoe, 418-420
Dentella, 524
Dentella, 523
Deppea, 524
Dermasea, 217,218
Desmia, 807
Desclitea, 569
Deverra, 307
Diamorpha, 125
Diaphyllum, 298
Diaspasis, 730
Diconangia, 196
Dicorypha, 397
Dicoryphe, 397
Dicrobotryitm, 551
Didiscus, 256
Diervilla, 444
Dieterica, 200
Dietrichia, 107
Dill, 337
Dillenia, 637
Dimetopia, 256
INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME.
Diodia, 624-626
Srithalis, 557
G.
jrulhamannia, 611
Diodia, 485 612. 615. 620.
Erithaiis, 543. 554
Grumilea, 577
623. 626, 627
Eritltodes, 725
Gaiadendron. 431, 432
Grumilia, 577
Diototheca, 681
Ernodea, 633
Gaillonia, 632
Grunilea, 577
Diplecosia, 838
Ernodea, 514. 634
GALACINjE, 203
juelder-rose, 443
Diplospora, 565
Eropherm, 206
Galax, 204
Guettarda, 550-553
Diposis, 262
Eryngium, 266-274
3albanophora, 336
Gufttarda, 538. 553, 554. 586
D1PSACE.E, 681
Eryngium, 263
jalbanum, 348
3UETTARDACE«, 544
Dipsacus, 682-684
Eryngo, 266-274
Galetf, 637
JUETTARDE.E, 547
Diptera, 206
Erythrodanum, 547, 548
Galium, 647-661
Guilleminea, 96
Dipteri/gia, 263
Erythropalum, 29
Galium, 637-640. 645, 646.
Gum-ammoniac, 328, 329
Discop'leura, 283
Escallonia, 192-195
661,662
Gum-galbanum, 348
Disenima, 56
ESCALLONIEjE, 192
Galopina, 635
jfymnocarpon, 87
Disodea, 560
Eubasis, 433
Galvania, 599
Gymnocarpos, 87
Distylis, 726
Eulophus, 381
Gambler, 469, 470
jymnocarpum, 87
Ditoca, 95
Eumachia, 566
Gambir, 460, 470
jfymnocarpus, 87
Dog-bramble, 178
Euosma, 539
Gardenia, 496-499
Jymnopleura, 60
Dog's-poison, 306
Eitosmia, 539
Gardenia, 494, 495. 499-504.
jynocthodes, 558
Dogwood, 398-401
Eurylepis, 807-809
506. 511. 542.562.564
Gynopachys, 492
Dogberry-tree, 399
Eurystegia, 809, 810
GARDENIACE^E, 487
Gynopera, 206
Donatia, 231
Euryloma, 816, 817
GARDENIE.E, 488
Gytonanthus, 666
Oondia, 265
Eurothia, 608
Gastonia, 388
Gypsocallis, 800-804
Dondisia, 559
EUSPERMACOCE.S, 611
Gastonia, 387
Dondisia, 265
Euthales, 726
Gater Tree, 399
Dorema, 328
Evea, 606
Gaultheria, 839-841.
H.
Dortmanna, 715
Euosma, 510. 539
Gaultlieria, 841
Dracophyllum, 785
Evosmia, 538, 539
Gaya, 320
Hacquetia, 265
Dracophyllnm, 785
Exocantha, 371, 372
Gaylussacia, 858-860
Hacquetia, 263
Drepanophyllum, 285. 2!)5
Exostema, 480
Geissois, 203
Hcenkea, 80. 432
Dringi, 29
Exostemma, 480-483
Senipa, 495
Hamelera, 380
Drummondia, 228
Eyselia, 647
Genipa, 505. 542
Hagea. 90, 91. 93
Drusa, 261
Genipella, 542
Halesia, 550
Dufresnia, 667
Geophila, 608, 609
Il.VMAMELE.-K, 396
Dtitiamelia, 489. 540-542
F,
Geryonia, 206
HAMAMELIDE^E, 395
Dunalia, 536
Gerontogea, 529-531
Hamamelis, 396
Duroia, 495
Falcaria, 285
Geunsia, 79
Hamamelis, 397
Dwarf elder, 436
Famarea, 578
Gilibertia, 387
Hamelia, 540-542
Dysoda, 633
Faramea, 578
Gingidium, 353, 354
Hamelia, 451, 489
Fareiria, 473
Ginginsia, 83
HAMELIEJB, 538
Fedia, 671
Ginseng, 384
Hamiltonia, 554, 555
E.
Fedia, 666-671. 680
Gladiolus, 715
Hamiltonia, 555
Female Cornel, 399
Glinns, 154
Hare's-ear, 296-301. 635
Earth-nut, 289-291
Fennel, 306, 307
Glinus, 153, 154
Hariota, 176
Earth-chestnut, 290, 291
Fennel, Giant, 325-328
Globulea, 105, 106
Hart-wort, 346
Ecbalium, 36
Fernelia, 509
Glossoma, 401
Hasselquistia, 345
Echeveria, 113
Fernelia, 484
Glycerin, 248
Hawk-nut, 290
Eclieveria, 70, 71
Ferula, 325-328
Goat's Fennel, 373, 374
Heath, 790-800
Echinocactus, 161-163.
Ferula, 323, 324. 329. 331,
Gohoria, 287
Heath, Cantabrian, 833
Echinocactus, 157- 161
332. 334. 336
Gomara, 99
Hedera, 391-395
Echinophora, 371
Ferulago, 325
Gomozia, 547
Hedera, 385, 386. 390
Echinophora, 353. 360. 373
Ferularia, 325
Gonotheca, 532
Hedge-parsley, 361, 362
Ectasis, 826,827
Feuillaa, 39
Gout Weed, 288
Hedgehog-thistle, 161-163
Elaeoselinum, 360
Feuillea, 3
Gonzalea, 537, 538
Hedyosmum, 434
EL^EOSELINE^, 359
Fever-wort, 443, 444
Gonzalagunia, 537
HEDYOTE.E, 524
Elaterium, 34 ,
Fevillea, 3
GOODENIEJE, 723
HEDYOTIDEJE, 511
Elateritim, 36
Ficoidea, 153
Goodenia, 723-726
Hedyotis, 524-527
Elatine, 768
FICOIDE.E, 125
Goodenia, 726. 729-731
Hedyotis, 516, 517. 524. 527-
Elder, 436-438
Field Madder, 63?
GOODENOVI^E, 722
536. 538. 618. 621. 663
Elytranthe, 425-428
Fig Marigold, 125-151
Gooseberry, 177-185
Heinsia, 503
Endressia, 315
Finocchio, 306
Gooseberries, 179-185
Helleborus, 266
Enkianthus, 833, 834
Fischera, 257, 851
Goose-grass, 658-660
Helosciadium, 281-283
Enymonospermvm, 378
Floerkea, 769. 771
Gooseshare, 658
Helospora, 504
Epacris, 781-783
Flowk Wort, 248
Gosling-weed, 658
Hemesotria, 670
Epacris, 778. 781. 783-785
Fceniculum, 306, 307
Gourda, 40-42
Hemlock, 347
EPACRIDE.E, 773
Fceniculum, 336
Gourd, 4, 5
Hemlock, Water, 276
EPACRIE.E, 781
Fool's Parsley, 306
Gourd, Bottle, 4
Heracleum, 341-344
Epigaea, 841
Forgesia, 195
Gourd, Trumpet, 4
Heracleum, 293. 340, 341. 345,
Epiphyllura, 170, 1?1
Forstera, 722
Gourgourde, 4
346
Epithiuia, 565
Fothergilla, 397
Gourgourdette, 41
Herb Gerard, 288
Eremia, 828
FOTHERGILLE/E, 397
Gourd, Cheese, 40
Hermas. 376
Erica, 790-800
Fouquiera, 70
Gourd, Orange, 41
Hennas, 301
Erica, 800-828. 833.
Fouquiera, 71
Grahamia, 75
Herniaria, 86-87
ERICE.E, 790
FOUQUIERACE.E, 70
Grammanthes, 106
Herrera, 557
ERICACE/E, 785
Fragosa, 259
Grammatocarpus, 65
Heteromorpha, 301
Erigenia, 256
Fragosa, 260, 261
Grammosciadium, 370
Heterosciadium, 263
Erineon, 750
Franciscea, 107
Granadilla, 51-53. 55
Heuchera, 229-231
Eriocalia, 263
Francoa, 204
Gronovia, 43
Heucliera, 232
Eriodesmia, 827, 828
Francoaceie, 203
Grossularia, 177
Hexactina, 489
Eriogynia, 226
Frcelichia, 450. 576
GROSSULARIE.E, 177
Hexasepalum, 623
Eriosynaphe, 329
Fuchsia, 542
Ground-nut, 291
Higginsia, 510
Higginsia, 510. 539
Highland-miken, 320
Hillia, 473
Himatanthus, 664
Hippobroma, 717
Hippomarathrum, 308. 373
Hippotis, 504
Hippotis, 584
Hirculus, 21 1
rloffmannia, 510
Hojfmannia, 514
Hololachna, 156
Holosteum, 93
rlolostigma, 716
Homalocarpus, 262
Hondbessen, 562
Honewort, 280
Honeysuckle, 444-451
Horsfieldia, 266
Hortensia, 233
House-leek, 122-124
Houstonia, 486. 534, 535, 566
Huanaca, 261, 262
Hugelia, 256
Hyala, 90
Hydnophytum, 547
Hydrangea, 232-234
Hydrangea, 234
HYDRANGEA, 232
Hydrocotyle, 248-255
Hydrocotyle, 255, 256. 261,
262. 282
HYDROCOTYLE^E, 248
Hydrophilax, 633
Hydrophilax, 618. 634
Hydropyxis, 84
Hylacium, 559
Hymenanthes, 849
Hymenodictyon, 480
Hymenogyne, 151
Hymenolsena, 378, 379
Hymenopogon, 473
Hypericum, 155
Hypobathrum, 547
Hypopitys, 866
I.
Ignatia, 497
1 1.1.1:1 i:i;ii i: K. 86
Illecebrum, 88
Illecebrum, 74. 87, 88-93
Imperatoria, 335
Imperatoria, 315. 318. 322-
334
Indian Fig, 171-175
Indian Mulberry, 544-547
Involucraria, 42
Ipecacuanha noir, 585
Ipecacuanha, Spanish Ameri-
can, 585
Ipecacuanha, Brown, 606, 607
Ipecacuanha, 606, 607
Ipecacuanha, White, 627, 628
Irish Whorts, 833
Iron-wood Tree, 565, 566
Isertia, 538
ISEHTIE.E, 536
Isidorea, 514
Isika, 449
Isophyllum, 297
Isotoma, 716
Itea, 196
Ivy, 391. 395
Ivy, Common, 391
Ivy, Irish, 391
Ixora, 570-574
Ixora, 486. 517- 556. 570.
574-579
INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME.
J.
Janipaba, 495
Jackia, 604
Jaracatia, 43
Jasione, 733, 734
Jasione, 266
Javilla, 3
Johrenia, 345
Jasminum, 496
Jasmine, Cape, 496
Jatamangsi, or Jatamansi, 667
Joliffia, 39, 40
Juncaria, 93
Jupiter's beard, 124
Jupiter's Eye, 124
Juvanee, 285
K.
Kadua, 533
Kalanchoe, 108
Kalmia, 850
Kalosanthes, 107
Karpaton, 453
Keittranthtis, 672
Kingstonia, 21 1
Kinkina, 474. 482
Klaprotbia, 66
Knautia, 680-688
Knautia, 688, 689
Knawel, 95
Knotgrass, 88
Knoxia, 628, 629
Knoxia, 532. 535. 568. 612.
623. 633
Kohautia, 532
Kolbia, 43
Krubera, 347
Kundmannia, 307
Kutchubaa, 492
Kyrtanthus, 493
L.
Labrador Tea, 851
Lady's bed-straw, 655
Lagenaria, 4
Lagrecia, 370
Lagoecia, 288
Lahaya, 91-93
Lamb's lettuce, 667-G71
Jjdwpra, 256
Lamprotis, 810-812
Landia, 491
Laretia, 26]
Larochea, 106. 108
Laserpitium, 350 352
Laserpitium, 313-315. 317.
320-324. 327. 335. 341.
348. 352. 354. 360. 374,
375
Laserwort, 350-352
Lasianthits, 548. 555
Lasionema, 479
Lasiost&ma, 547
Laugeria, 551, 552 554.
Lauristine, 439.
Lauristinus, 439
Lawsonia, 520
Lecananthus, 472
Lechenaultia, 727
Lecockia, 375
Ledeburia, 293
Lecontea, 561
Ledum, 851
Ledum, 851
Legouzia, 743. 768, 769
Leiospermum, 200
Leiotulus, 340
Leiophyllum, 851
Lemia, 73
Lentago, 438. 440
Lepeostegeres, 427
Lepicephalus, 084-686
Leptarrhena, 226
Leptasea, 212, 213
Leptocaulis, 283, 284
Leptodermis, 555
Leptrina, 82, 83
Lepuropetalum, 231
Lessonia, 274
Leucolana, 258
Leucopogon, 777. 780
Leucothoe, 831, 832
Levenhookia, 722
Levisticum, 321
Lewisia, 77> 78
Leycesteria, 451
Libanotis, 311. 313
Libanolis, 316
Lichtensteinia, 301
Lichtensteinia, 423
Lightfootia, 734, 735
Lightfootia, 514. 744
Ligularia, 208
Ligusticum, 317, 318
Ligusticum, 279. 284, 285.
288. 304. 306, 307. 312-
315. 319-321. 325. 327.
330. 333. 335, 351. 369.
378-380
Limnia, 81, 82
Ling, 828
Ling-heather, 828
Ligustrum, 520
Linnaea, 452
Linum, 536
Lipostoma, 663
Lissanthe, 776
Listeria, 528
Lithophila, 94
Litosanthes, 557
Loasa, 62-65
Loasa, 62 65
LOASE^E, 61
Lobaria, 210.224, 225
Lobelia, 704-715
Lobelia, 698-704. 715-719.
728. 735. 742
LOBELIACE.E, 697
Loeflingia, 96, 97
Lofflingia, 90. 92
Loiseleuria, 850, 851.
Lomatium, 327
Lonicera, 444-451
Lmicera, 424. 444. 451. 488.
568
LONICERE.E, 443
Loosa, 62
Lopbandra, 810
Lophosciadium, 352
LORANTHACE.E, 401
Loranthete, 401
Loranthidere, 401
Loranthus, 409. 430, 431
Lorantltus, 404. 406. 409-432.
450
Lovage, 317-319
Lovage, Common, 321
Loxatitbera. 430
Lucinsea, 487, 488
Luculia, 480
Lucya, 536
Luffa, 28, 29
Lussacia, 859
Lychniscabiosa, 686
Lycium, 633
Lygislum, 484. 538
Lygodysodea, 560
Lygodysodea, 561
Lygodysodeacetp, 560
Lyonia, 830, 831
Lysinema, 783
Lysipomia, 716, 717
Lysipomia, 726
M.
Machaonia, 632
Macrocnemum, 512
Macrocnemum, 478. 487. 489.
492.501. 511 513
Madder, 642. 647
Madder, Dyers', 643, 644
Madder, Indian, 529, 530.
642
Magydaris, 375
Malabaila, 340
Malanea, 553
Malanea, 483. 553, 554
Malesherbia, 60
MALESHERBIACE^E, 60
Malesherbia, 60.
Male cornel, 400
Mammillaria 157- 160
Manettia, 483-485
Manettia, 490
Mapouria, 588
Maralia, 387
Marathrum, 309
Margaris, 569
Marianthemum, 750
Marlea, 396
Marquisia, 565
Maschalanthe , 540
Masterwort, Great, 335
Masterwort, 265, 266. 335,
336
Masterwort, Wild, 288
Mastixia, 401
Matthiota, 551
Manchartia, 281
May-apple, 53
Meadow-saxifrage, 308 31 1
Medium, 750, 751
Meerburgia, 94
Megasea, 206
Meladora, 833
Melanopsidiinn, 542. 560
Melanoselinum, 352
Melanoselinum, 318
Melichrus, 775, 776
Mela, 5
Melon, 5-15. 2?
Melon, Water, 28
Melons, 5-15
Melons, Maltese, 6
Melons, Persian, 6, 7
Melons, Cantaloup, 5, 6
Melocactus, 160, 161
Melon thistle, 160, 161
Melopepo, 40
Melothria, 37
Memecylum, 841
Menestoria, 504
Mentzelia, 65, 66
Mentzelia, 61
Menziesia, 850.
Menziesia, 833
Mephitidia, 548, 549
Merciera, 772
Mercurialis, 254
Merida, 73
Meridiana, 73-75
Mesembryanthemum, 125-151
Metabolos, 536, 537
Meu, 320
Meum, 320
Meum, 281, 282. 289. 336, 307.
315, 316.320.336
Meynea, 550
Michauxia, 750
Micranthes, 217
Microcodon, 737
Micropetalum, 208
Micropleura, 256
Milk-Parsley, 322
Milkwort, 759
Miltus, 154
Mindium rhazes, 750
Minuartia, 96
MINUARTIF..E, 96
Misodendron, 408, 409
Mistletoe, 402-409
Mistletoe, Common, 403
Mitchella, 548
Mitella, 227, 228
Mitella, 228
Mitracarpum, 630, 631
Mitrophora, 671
Mniarum, 95
Modecca, 58, 59
Mollla, 91-93
Molopospermum, 368
Momordica, 35-37
Momordica, 29. 34. 39. 42
Monantlies, 124
Moneses, 865
Monopsis, 717
Monotoca, 780
Monotoca, 781
Monotropa, 866
Monotropa, 866
Mo.MOTROPEjE, 866
Montia, 82
Moor-Heath, 800-804
Moquinia, 423
Morelia, 543
Morinda, 544-547
Morinda, 488 569 606
MORINDE*, 544
Morina, 681 , 682
MORINE^E, 681
Moschatell, 384
Moschatellina, 383, 384
Mou/eta, 666
MULINEJE, 260
Mulinum, 261
Mulinum, 261-263
Munjith, 642
Muricia, 42
Murucuja, 56
Muricuja, 56-58
Muicaria, 218, 219. 222, 223
Mussanda, 489-492
Mussanda, 480. 486, 48?. 502.
603
Musschia, 772
Mycetia, 506
MyUnum, 322
Myonima, 556
Myrmecodia, 547
Myrmecodia, 547
Myrrhis, 369
Myrrhis, 290, 291. 363, 364-
370
MyrtipJiyllum, 593
N.
Nacibea, 483-485. 510
Nardostachys, 666, 667
Nauclea, 466-469
Nauclea, 469-472. 487. 610
NAUCLEEJE, 466
Navel-wort, 111, 112
Neckeria, 94
Needhamia, 781
ffenax, 637
Nertera, 547
Nertera, 548
Nerteria, 547
Nescidia, 565
Neurosperma, 37
New Zealand Spinach, 152
Nhandiroba, 3
XHANDIROBF./E , 3
Nigrina, 434
Nintooa, 447
Nitraria, 155
NITRARIACE^E, 154
Nobula, 635
Nonatelia, 557, 558
Nonatelia, 555. 557. 592. 664
Nopalea, 156
Notanthera, 428-430
Nuytsia, 432
O.
Obolarta, 452
Octavia, 557
Octodon, 611
Octopera, 828
Odontites, 296, 297
Odontocarpa, 667
CEnanthe, 302-304
(Enanthe, 262. 301, 302. 305.
311. 320.338
O'Higginsia, 510, 539
Oldenlandia, 527-532
Oldenlandia, 232. 517. 524-
527. 533. 536. (522. 630
Oligacoce, 677, 678
Oligarrhena, 781
Olive-Parsley, 360
Oliveria, 370
Olostyla, 540
Opercularia, 662, 663
Opercularia, 662
OPERCULARIEjE, 662
Ophiorhiza, 521-523
Ophiorhiza, 490
Opopanax, 324
Opulus, 442
Opuntia, 171-175
Opuntia, 170
OpliNTIACEjE, l.r)7
Oreoselinum, 330. ^33,334. 380
Oribasia, 557, 558
Orlaya, 353
Orostachys, 112, 113
Orpine, 85,86. 116
Ortega, 93
Ortegia, 93
ORTHOSPERM*:, 248
Ortiga, 62
Orygia, 154
Oshac, or Ooshak, 328, 329
Osmorhiza, 369, 3/0
Osterdykia, 201
Ostericum, 322
Ottoa, 302
Ourouparia, 471
Ovilla, 733
Oxyanthus, 494
Oxyanthus, 491
Oxyccros, 502
Oxycoccus, 857, 858.
Oxycoccus, 841
P.
Pachysa, 805, 806
Pachypleurum, 347
INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME.
Padavara, 546
Fidelia, 561, 562
P.cderia, 483. 485
PJEDERIEJE, 560
Palicourea, 598-603
Palicourea, 591
Pulicurea, 586. 599
I'alimbia, 329, 330
1'anax, 384-386
PO.MUC, 265. 389
Panic, 204
Papaw tree, 44-45
Papaya, 44
Papatt&t 43
PAPAYACE.E, 43
Papilla, 677
Papitluria, 72
Parastranthus, 716
Paratropia, 395
Paronychia, 88-90
Piirouyehia, 87. 88-93
PARONYCHIE.E, 84
Paropsia, 46
P \ROfSlEJE, 46
Parsley, 279-280
Parsley, Macedonian, 316
Parsnip, 338-340
Parsnip, Garden, 338 340
Paschanthus 58
Passion-flower, 46-55
Passiflora, 46-54
Passiflora, 56 58
PASSIFLORE^E, 45
PASSIFLORE.E VER.E, 46
Pastinaca, 338-340
Pastinaca, 323, 324. 327. 336.
338. 345. 354
Patabea, 609
Patabea, 488
Patima, 543
Patrinia, 666
Palrinia, 667
Pautsauvia, 396
Pavate, 574
Pavetta, 574-576
Pavetta, 562. 571, 572. 599.
634
Peach, African, 487
Pearl berry, 569
Pecheya, 576
Pecten veneris, 363
Pectophytum, 260
Peganum, 155
Penarvalli, 4
Penny-wort, 248-255
?entachondra, 781
Pentaciena, 90
Pentacrypta, 276
Pentagonion, 768
Pentaphragma, 731
Penthorum, 125
Peplis, 536
Pepo, 40
Pepper Saxifrage, 319
Pereskia, 175, 176
Periclymenum, 444-446
Perlebia, 375
Pernettya, 836, 837
Perojoa, 779
Peruvian bark, Yellow, 474-
477
Peruvian bark, Red, 478
Peruvian bark, Pale, 474
Petagnia, 263, 264
Petesia, 507, 508
Peteaia, 484. 515. 520. 52?.
566
Petitia, 314
Petola, 29
Petromarula, 749
Petroselinum, 279, 280
Petroselinum, 310
Petunga, 509, 510
PEUCEDANE/E, 324
Peucedanum, 330 335
Peucedanum, 281. 286. 289.
290. 313 319. 320. 325.
330. 335. 340. 344
Phacosperma, 79
Phalerocarpus, 841.
Phallaria, 559
Pharnaceum, 83. 92
Phellandrium, 262. 304. 320
Phemeranthus, 76
Pluaanthus, 538
Phthirusa, 421
Phu, 676
Phu, 679
Phyllachne, 722
Phyllactis, 672, 673
Phyllartlna, 170
Phyllis, 635
Phyllis, 635
Phyllodoce, 832, 833
Physocalycium, 109
Physospermum, 379, 380
Physospermum, 378
Phyteuma, 746-749
Phyteuma, 438. 731. 733, 734.
749, 750. 763
Phyteumoides, 521
Picnocomon, 684. 695
Pieris, 832
Pig-nut, 290
Pimpinella, 281-284. 288. 320
Pimpinella, 291-294
Pimpernel, 291-294
Pinknea, 486
Pinckneya, 486
Piringa, 498
Piriqueta, 70
Pistorinia, 111
Pithuranthos, 307
Pitonia, 481
Placoma, 634
Platanocephalus, 610
Platycodon, 737
Platylophus, 200
Platymerium, 664
Platyspermum, 353, 354
Plectritis, 671
Plectronia, 564
Plectronia, 385
Pknckia, 154
Pleurospermum, 378
Poaya, 615. 61?
Poaya do praya, 615
Plocama, 634
Podagraria, 286, 287
Podopetalum, 315
Poiretia, 535
Polia, 90
Pollichia, 94
POLLICHIE*:, 94
Polycarpaea, 90
POLYCARP.S:.*:, 90
Polycarpon, 93
Polycarpon, 231
Polygonifolia, 86
Polyosma, 401
Polyozus, 577
Polyphraginon, 543
Polypremum, 536. 671
Polipremum, 667
Polyiiemon, 203
Polyscias, 388
Polytamia, 345
Pomangium, 524
Pomatium, 504
Pomax, 662
Pompion, 40
Ponceletia, 784
Poppya, 35
Porophyllum, 214
Porphyreon, 213
Portlandia, 513
Portlandia, 472. 482. 514
Portulaca, 73-75
Portulaca, 75-78 80. 154
Portulacaria, 80
PORTULACACE^E, 71
Posoqueria, 493
Posoqueria, 495. 500, 501.
503
Posoria, 493
Potima, 578
Pouchetia, 506
Pozoa, 262, 263
Pozoa, 263
Prangos, 374, 3?5
Pratia, 699, 700
Prickwood, 399
Prismatocarpus, 743, 744
Prismatocarpus, 768, 769
Prionitis, 285
Prionotes, 783, 784
Proustia, 263
Psathura, 555
Psathyra, 555
Psatura, 555
Psiguria, 42
Psilobium, 664
Psittacanthus, 415-418
Psychotria, 584-598
Psychotria, 546. 554. 557-559.
583, 584. 599-603. 608.
609
Psychotriacete, 562
Psychotrophum, 592. 594. 608
Psydrax, 564
Psyllocarpus, 629, 630
Psyllocarpas, 567
Pterocephalus, 688, 689
Pteromarathrum, 374
Pterophylla, 201
Pterospora, 866
Ptychotis, 284
Ptychodea, 520, 521
Purgosia, 103-105
Pumilea, 68
Pumpkin, 40
Purslane, 73-75
Purslane, Common, 73
Purslane-tree, 80
Putoria, 634
PUTORIE^E, 633
Pyrola, 863, 864
Pyrola, 865
PYROLEJE, 863
Pyrostria, 556
Pyrostria, 554
Pyxidanthera, 231
Q.
Queria, 96
Queria, 88
QUERIACEjE, 96
Quino, or Quina, 474-479
482
Quinquina, 474-477- 481,482,
491
Quintinia, 195
R.
Rachicallis, 535, 536
Radiana, 73
Rampion, 746-750. 765
Rampion, Small, 765
Rampion, Garden, 765
Randia, 499 503
Randia, 495.510,511.564
Rapunculus, 746, 747-765
Rapunculum, 746
Rapuntia, 750
Rapuntium, 706. 71 1. 717.
746
Razoumotvskia, 408
Reaumuria, 155
REAUMURIACEJE, 155
Red, Gum-Tree, 202
Relbum, 646
Remijia, 478, 479
Retiniphyllum, 557
RHIPSALIDE^E, 176
Rhipsalis, 176, 177
Rltodora, 848
RllODOKK.K, 842
Rhododendron, 843-848
Rhododendron, 848
Rliodiola,Ui, 122
Ribes, 177-191
Ribesiete, 177
Richardia, 627, 628
Richardsonia, 627, 628
Richea, 785
Rigocarpus, 5
River-wood, 513
Robertsonia, 206, 207
Rocama, 72
Rochea, 106, 107
Rochea, 107, 108
Roella, 745, 746
Roella, 734. 738. 742. 744.
772
Roioc, 544, 545
Rolofa, 154
Rollandia, 698
Ronabea, 584
Rondeletia, 514-517
Rondeletia, 49 1,492. 501.506,
507. 517-521. 560
RoNDELETIEjE, 511
Rose-bay, 843
Rose-root, 114
Rothmannia, 498. 502
Roucela, 750. 761
Rubeola, 638, 639. 641, 642
Rubia, 642 647
Rubin, 96. 627. 638, 639, 641
RUBIACE^E, 453
Rubioides, 662, 663
Rudgea, 584
Rudgea, 583
Rulingia, 75-77
Rumia, 275
Rumia, 337
Rupture-wort, 86, 87
Russelia, 231
Rutidea, 577
Rytidea, 577
S.
Sabicea, 539
Sagina, 83
Salaxis, 828
Sahlbergia, 496
Saldinia, 569
Salzmannia, 609
SAMBUCE^;, 436
Sambicinete, 436
Sambucus, 436-438
Sambucus, 388
Samphire, 321
Sanicle, 264, 265
Sanicula, 264, 265
Sanicula, 275
SANICULE*, 263
Saprosma, 576
Sarandi, 610
SARCOCEPHALE/E, 487
Sarconephalus, 487
Sarcostyles, 234
Sarissus, 84
Saxifraga, 206-226
Sarifraga, 226, 22?. 292
SAXIFRAGACE^;, 204
Saxifrage, 206-226
Saxifrage, Golden, 227
SAXIFRAGES, 206
Scabiosa, 689 695
Scabiosa, 684-689
SCABIOSE^E, 682
Scabious, 689 696
Scabious, Sweet, 691
Scaligeria, 381
SCANDICINEJ:, 362
Scandix, 363
Scandir, 289. 291. 360-362.
365-367. 369, 370. 375
Scajvola, 727-730
SCJEVOLEJE, 727
Schiedea, 568 628
Sciadopliytum, 235
Sciadophyllum, 390, 391
Sciadophyllum, 395
Schefflera, 389
Schizangium, 630
Schizomeria, 202
Schcepfia, 432
Schradera, 542
Schradera, 605
Schubertia, 266
Schultesia, 739
Schultzia, 286
Schulttia, 337
Schweinitzia, 867
Schwenkfeldia, 508. 539, 540.
558
SCLERANTHE^, 94
SCLERANTHE^E, 95
Scleranthus, 95
Sclerococcus, 536
Sclerosciadium, 305
Sclerostemma, 689-691
Scolosanthus, 569
Scurrula, 421-425
Scyphanthus, 65
Scyphiphora, 634
Sea-holly, 268
Sea-holme, 268
Sea-hulver, 268
Sea- parsnip, 371
Sechium, 37
Sedum, 113-122
Sedum, 111-113. 122. 124-125
Selinea:, 324
Selinum, 322
Selinum, 261. 280. 289. 310.
313-314. 318. 322-324. 330.
333 336. 338. 350. 352
Selliera, 725
Sellowia, 94
Sempervivee, 97-
Sempervivum, 122-124
Semperviwm, 112. 119-121
Septas, 99
Serissa, 633
Serissa, 564
Seriisui, 633, 634
Seseli,308 311
Seteli, 277. 281-286. 288-289.
301. 304, 305. 312. 314.
316-320. 323.369
SESELINE«, 301
Sesuvium, 152-153
Shallon, 839
Sheep's-bane, 248
Sheep's-laurel, 850
Sheep's-scabious, 733-734
Sherardia, 63?
INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME.
Sherardia, 634. 659
Shepherd's-needle, 363
Sicelium, 508, 509
Sickingia, 664
Sicyoides, 33
Sicyos, 33, 34
Sicyos, 36, 37. 261
Siderodendron, 565
Sideroxyloides, 565
Siebera, 257
Silaus, 319
Siler, 347, 348
Slier, 330 347- 351
SII.KIUM-..U, 347
Simira, 588, 589
Sipanea, 520-521
Sipanea, 521
Siphocampylus, 700-704
Sisarum, 294
Siser, 338
Sison, 286
Sison, 256. 264. 276. 280. 282-
284. 286-291 294, 295. 330.
338. 377 381
Sium, 294-296
Slum, 111. 280-282. 284, 285.
289-291. 304. 307- 308. 310,
311.319. 330.338
Skirret, 294-296
Smallage, 277
Smeathmannia, 46
SMYRNE.*, 370
Smyrnium, 380
Smyrnium, 276. 286. 315. 327.
380
Snake-gourd, 38, 39
Snake-root, 521 -523
Snow-ball Tree, 442
Snow-berry, 568, 569. 841.
Solandra, 255
Solena, 31, 493
Soranthus, 307, 308
Sow-fennel, 330
Sowa, 337
Spallanzania, 514
Spananthe, 262
Spananthe, 262
Spatutaria, 207, 208
Specularia, 768, 769
Specularia, 717
Speculum veneris, 768
Sphenotoma, 785
Spermacoce, 619-623
Spermacoce, 61 1-618.624-633.
636
SPERMACOCE.S, 609
Spermadiclyon, 554-555
Spermatura, 369
Sphallerocarpus, 368
Spielmannia, 281
Spikenard, 666, 667
Spikenard, American, 388
Spica Nardi, 667
Spignel, 316. 320
Spirata, 201
Spiradiclis, 524
Spirostylis, 430
Spondylium, 341-344
Spotted-leaved Laurel, 433
Sprengelia, 784, 785
Spurred Valerian, 672
Squash, 40
Stadia, 631,632
St. Dabeoc's Heath, 833
Staurospermum, 630
STELLATE, 637
Stenanthera, 775
Stenoccelium, 347
Stenostemum, 553
Stenostomum, 553
Stephanium, 602
Stereoxylon, 192-195
Stevensia, 472
Stigmanthps, 560
StigmataMhus, 560
Stilbe, 610
Stipularia, 664
Stipulicida, 93
Stone-crop, 114-122
Stone-parsley, 286. 312, 313
Straopha, 434
Strap-wort, 86
Strawberry-tree, 834, 835
Strempelia, 579
Struthanthus, 409-415
Strumpfia, 560
Strumphia, 560
Sturmia, 553
St. Peters'- wort, 451-452
STYLIDE/E, 619
Stylidiura, 619-622
Stylidium, 396
Stylis, 396
Stylocorina, 540
Stylocoryna, 494
Stylocoryna, 506
Styphelia, 774-775
Styphelia, 775-778. 780, 781
STYPHELIEjE, 774
Succisa, 684-686. 690 692.695
SUCCULENTS, 97
Sulphur-wort, 330-335
Suteria, 608
Sweet-cicely, 369
Symphyandra, 771, 772
Symphoria, 451, 452
Symphoricarpa, 451
Symphoricarpos, 451, 452
Symphoricarpos, 432. 448
SYMPHYOGYNE.K, 203
Sympieza, 805
Syringodea, 818-826
Symphyoloma, 341
T.
Tacsonia, 57
Tacsonia, 54
Tafalla, 434, 435
Talinum, 76, 77
Talinum, 75, 76. 78-80. 154
Tangaraca, 541
Tapogomea, 604-606. 608
Tarenna, 507
Teazle, 682-684
Teazle, Fuller's, 682, 683
Teazle, Wild, 682
Telephiastrum, 75
TELEPHIEjE, 85
Telephium, 85, 86
Telephium, 116
Telfairia, 39
Tellima, 228
Tenoria, 301. 341
Tepesia, 538
Terebrasia, 552
Terra Japonica, 469
Tertrea, 568
Tessiera, 632
Tetilla, 204
Tetragonia, 151, 152
Tetragonia, 79
Tetragonocarpus, 151
Tetramerium, 578, 579
Tetter-berry, 32
Thapsia, 349
Thapsia, 315. 350, 351. 353.
360. 374, 375
THAPSIES, 349
Thaspium, 315 -
T/iaspium, 276
Thibaudia, 860-862
Thibaudia, 859. 862, 863
Throat-wort, Great, 757
Throat-wort, 769
Thunbergia, 498
Thymelrea, 633
Thysselinun, 322. 332, 333.
336
Tiarella, 228, 229
Tiarella, 229, 230
Tiedemannia, 337
Tiltea, 98
TV/tea, 99. 118 125
Timonius, 554
Tinus, 438, 439
Tocoyena, 492, 493
Tocoyena, 501
Tontanea, 509
Torch-thistle, 164-171
TORDYLINE^, 345'
Tordylioides, 346
Tordylopsis, 346
Tordylium, 345, 346
Tordylium, 340. 345. 347. 361 ,
362
Toricellia, 388
Torilis, 361, 362
Torilis, 361.365
Tournefortia, 636
Trachelium, 769
Trachelium, 744. 750. 755.
756. 772
Trachymene, 257
Trachymene, 256, 257
Trachypleurum, 296
Trachyspermum, 284. 291
Tragium, 292-294
Tragoselinum, 288. 292
Trepocarpus, 348, 349
Trianthema, 72
Trianthema, 87. 153
Tricalycia, 543
Trichera, 68?. 689
Trichlis, 93
Trichocladus, 397
Trichosanthes, 38, 39
Trichosanthes, 3-37
Tridactylites, 225, 226
Trigonophyllum, 214
Trilophus, 396
Trinia, 281
Trinia, 275
Triodon, 626, 627
Triosteum, 443
Triosteum, 539
Triplinervium, 218
Triplostegia, 680
Tristerix, 418
Trochiscanthes, 315
Trochocarpa, 781
Trochocarpa, 776
Tula, 524
Tuna, 171-1/3
Tupa, 700
Turgenia, 361
Turgosia, 103
Turia, 30
Turk's-cap, 160
Turnera, 67-70
Turnera, 70
TURNERACEjE, 66
U.
Ucriana, 493
Ullucus, 80
Ulospermum, 347
Umbellate, 235
UMBELLIFER^E, 235
Cmbilicus, 111, 112
Uncaria, 469-471
Uncaria, 468
Uraspermum, 369, 370
Urophyllum, 540
Urceolaria, 542
Uva-ursi, 835
V.
VACCINIE.S, 851
Vaccinium, 851-857
Vaccinium, 833. 841. 857,858
Vahlia, 231
Vaillantia, 662
Vaillimtla, 656
Valantia, 646. 656-659. 661,
662
Valentiana, 453
Valerian, 672. 680
Valerian, Garden, 676
Valerian, Officinal, 679, 680
Valeriana, 672-680
Valeria.™, 666-672. 680
VALERIANE.E, 665
Valerianella, 667-671
Valerianella, 635, 666
Vanguiera, 549-550
Vangueria, 549
Vareca, 59
Vauanthus, 106
Vavanga. 549
Vegetable marrow, 41
Ventenatia, 720, 775
Velsea, 369
Velleia, 726-727
Velleia, 726
Venus's comb, 363
Venus's looking-glass, 768,
769
Versa, 108
Vereia, 108
Verulamla, 570
Veslingia, 153
Viburnum, 438-443
Viburnum, 233, 234. 400
Vicatia, 377
Virecta, 521
Virecta, 520, 521
Vireya, 848
Viscoides, 593
Viscum, 402-408
Viscum, 408, 409
Visnaga, 287
Viticella, 204
Vitis idsea, 851
Vniania, 550. 552. 560
Votomita, 401
W.
Wahlenbergia, 737-743
Wahlenbergia, 494. 735. 737
WalKchia, 540
Wallrothia, 320
Wallrothia, 290
Water chickweed, 82
Water parsnip, 294-296
Webera, 506, 507
Webera, 563
Wegeila, 444
Water drop-wort, 302-304
Water drop-wort, Hemlock,
303
Wayfaring tree, 441
Wayfaring tree, American, 441
Weinmannia, 197
U'dnmannia, 200, 201
Willdenovia, 514
Wendlandia, 517-520
Wendia, 344
ITendtia, 344
Wepferia, 305
White Bird's Nest, 866
Whortle berry, 852-85?
Wild hops, 32
Wild nep, 32
Wild Rosemary, 851. 829
Wild vine, 32
Wydleria, 280
Wild cornel-tree, 399
Wild cummin, 370
Windmannia, 197. 199
Winter-green, 863-865
Witch-hazel, 396, 397
Wolf-berry, 451
Woodbine, 445
Woodroof, 637, 640
Wood-rose, 640
Woodrowe, 640
Woodrowel, 640
Woodruff, 640
Wylia, 363, 364
X.
Xanthophytum, 520
Xanthosia, 258
Xeranthus, 75
Xylosteum, 446. 448-450
Xylosteon, 446
Y.
Yer-nut, 291
Yellow Bird's nest, 866
Z.
Zaleya, 72
Zaluzania, 505
Zamaria, 506
Zanonia, 3-4
Zanthoxylon, 385
Zenobia, 830
Zizia, 276
Zazima, 344, 345
Zozimia, 344, 345
Zucca, 43
Zuccarinia, 487
THE
GARDENER'S AND BOTANIST'S DICTIONARY.
ORDER CIII. CUCURBITA'CE^E (plants agreeing with
Cucurbita in important characters). Juss. gen. p. 393. D. C.
fl. fr. 3. p. 688. Aug. St. Hil. in mem. mus. 9. p. 190-221.
Ser. in mem soc. hist. nat. gen. vol. 3. p. 1 . D. C. prod. 3.
p. 297. Lindl. introd. nat. syst. p. 192.
Flowers hermaphrodite, monoecious or dioecious (f. 1. b. c.
{. 3. b. c.), axillary. Calyx gamosepalous (f. 3. a. 6.), 5-toothed,
sometimes obsolete. Corolla 5-petalled (f. 2. a. f. 1. c. f. 3. c.),
but usually only 5-parted, distinct from the calyx, and some-
times somewhat continuous with it, rising from the margin
of the torus, sometimes fringed, constantly yellow, white, or
red, very cellular, with strongly marked, reticulated veins.
Stamens 5, either distinct, or joined in 3 parcels, and sometimes
all together ; filaments rarely pilose ; anthers 2-celled, very long,
sinuous, rarely ovate and short. Style rarely almost wanting,
crowned by 3-5 2-lobed stigmas, which are thick and velvety,
but rarely fringed. Ovarium 1 -celled, with 3 parietal placentas.
Fruit fleshy, more or less succulent, crowned by the scar formed
by the calyx, 1-celled (f. 3. e. f. 2. fc.), with 3 parietal placentas,
which are indicated on the outside by nerves. Umbilical funicle
tumid towards the seeds. Seeds frequently obovate, flat, fixed to
the parietes of the fruit, enveloped in an arillus, which is either
juicy, or dry and membranous ; testa coriaceous, often thick at
the margins ; hylum oblique at the top of the seed. Embryo
straight, flat, without albumen. Cotyledons foliaceous, pal-
mately nerved ; radicle basilar, directed towards the hylum. —
Roots annual or perennial, fibrous or tuberous. Stems herba-
ceous, climbing by means of tendrils. Leaves palmate, or with
palmate ribs, succulent, covered with numerous asperities. Ten-
drils solitary, lateral, divided or undivided. Flowers solitary,
panicled, or in fascicles. Bracteas usually wanting. Branches
rising between the leaves and tendrils.
This order is nearly related to Passifloreae, to which they are
so closely allied, as hardly to be distinguishable, except in their
monopetalous corolla, sinuous stamens, unisexual flowers, and
exalbuminous seeds, the habit of both being nearly the same.
There is an affinity between the order and Campanulacea: in the
VOL. III.
perigynous insertion of the stamens, the inferior ovarium, the
single style with several stigmas, the quinary division of the
flower, connected with the ternary division of the fruit, and
some analogy in the nature of the floral envelopes. The
small tribe Nhandirbbece consists of plants having the habit of
Cucurbitac'ece, but some resemblance in their fruit to that of
Lecythidece, which, as is well known, border close upon Myr-
tacece ; but beyond this resemblance 'of the fruit, which
appears altogether to be a structure of analogy rather than
that of affinity, there is nothing to confirm the approachment.
Cucurbitaceae is one of the most useful orders in the vegetable
kingdom, comprehending the melon, the cucumber, the choco,
and the various species of gourd and pumpkin, all useful as
food for man. A bitter laxative quality perhaps pervades all
these, which in the colocynth is so concentrated as to become
an active purgative principle. The colocynth of the shops is
prepared from the pulp of Cucumus colocynthus ; it is of so
drastic and irritating a nature, as to be classed by Orfila among
his poisons ; but, according to Thunberg, this gourd is rendered
perfectly mild at the Cape of Good Hope, by being properly
pickled, Ainslie 1. p. 85. The bitter resinous matter in which
the active principles of colocynth are supposed to exist, is called
by chemists colocynthine. A waxy substance is secreted by the
fruit of Eenincasa cerifera. It is produced in most abundance
at the time of its ripening. Delisle descrip. The leaf of Feu'il-
lea cordifolia, is asserted by M. Drapiez to be a powerful anti-
dote against vegetable poisons. Edinb. phil. journ. 4. p. 221.
The fruit of Trichosanthes palmdta, pounded small, and inti-
mately blended with warm cocoa-nut oil, is considered a valuable
application in India for cleansing and healing the offensive sores
which sometimes take place in the inside of the ears. It is also
supposed to be a useful remedy poured up the nostrils in cases
of ozaema. Ainslie 2. p. 85. The root of Brybnia possesses
powerful purgative properties, but is said to be capable of
becoming wholesome food, if properly cooked. The perennial
roots of all the order appear to contain similar bitter drastic
virtues, especially that of Momordica elatermm or Squirting
B
INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME.
Sherardia, 634. 659
Shepherd's-needle, 363
Sicelmm, 508, 509
Sickingia, 664
Sicyoides, 33
Sicyos, 33, 34
Sicyos, 36, 37. 261
Siderodendron, 565
Sideroxyloides, 565
Siebera, 257
Silaus, 319
Siler, 347, 348
Siler, 330 3J7- 351
SILERINEJE, 347
Simira, 588, 589
Sipanea, 520-521
Sipanea, 521
Siphocampylus, 700-704
Sisarum, 294
Siser, 338
Sison, 286
Sison, 256. 264. 276. 280. 282-
284. 286-291 . 294, 295. 330.
338. 377 381
Sium, 294-296
Slum, 277. 280-282. 284, 285.
289-291. 304. 307. 308. 310,
311.319. 330. 338
Skirret, 294-296
Smallage, 277
Smeathmannia, 46
SMYRNE.E, 370
Smyrnium, 380
Smyrnium, 276. 286. 315. 327.
380
Snake-gourd, 38, 39
Snake- root, 521 -523
Snow-ball Tree, 442
Snow-berry, 568, 569. 841.
Solandra, 255
Solena, 31, 493
Soranthus, 307, 308
Sow-fennel, 330
Sowa, 337
Spallanzania, 514
Spananthe, 262
Spananthe, 262
Spatularia, 207, 208
Specularia, 768, 769
Specnlaria, 717
Speculum veneris, 768
Sphenotoma, 785
Spermacoce, 619-623
Spermacoce, 61 1-618.624-633.
636
SPERMACOCE^;, 609
Spermadiclyon, 554-555
Spermatura, 369
Spballerocarpus, 368
Spielmannia, 281
Spikenard, 666, 667
Spikenard, American, 388
Spica Nardi, 667
Spignel, 316. 320
Spiraea, 201
Spiradiclis, 524
Spirostylis, 430
Spondylium, 341-344
Spotted-leaved Laurel, 433
Sprengelia, 784, 785
Spurred Valerian, 672
Squash, 40
Stailia, 631, 632
St. Dabeoc's Heath, 833
Staurospermum, 630
STELLATE, 637
Stenanthera, 775
Slrnnru limn, 347
Stenostemum, 553
Stenostomum, 553
Stephanium, 602
Stereoiylon, 192-195
Stevensia, 472
Stigmantb^is, 560
Stigmatanthus, 560
Stilbe, 610
Stipularia, 664
Stipulicida, 93
Stone-crop, 114-122
Stone-parsley, 286. 312, 313
Straopha, 434
Strap-wort, 86
Strawberry-tree, 834, 835
Strempelia, 579
Struthanthus, 409-415
Slrumpfia, 560
Strumphia, 560
Sturmia, 553
St. Peters'-wort, 451-452
STYLIDE^;, 619
Stylidium, 619-622
Stylidium, 396
Stylis, 396
Stylocor'ma, 540
Stylocoryna, 494
Stylocoryua, 506
Styphelia, 774-775
Styphelia, 775 778. 780, 781
STYPHELIEJE, 774
Succisa, 684-686. 690 692. 695
SUCCULENTS, 97
Sulphur-wort, 330-335
Suteria, 608
Sweet-cicely, 369
Symphyandra, 771, 772
Symphoria, 451, 452
Symphoricarpa, 451
Symphoricarpos, 451, 452
Symphoricarpos, 432. 448
SYMPHYOGYNE.E, 203
Sympieza, 805
Syringodea, 818-826
Symphyoloma, 341
T.
Tacsonia, 57
Tacsonia, 54
Tafalla, 434, 435
Talinum, 76, 77
Talinum, 75, 76. 78-80. 154
Tangaraca, 541
Tapogomea, 604-606. 608
Tarenna, 507
Teazle, 682-684
Teazle, Fuller's, 682, 683
Teazle, Wild, 682
Telephiastrum, 75
TELEPHIE.S, 85
Telephium, 85, 86
Telephium, 116
Telfairia, 39
Tellima, 228
Teturia, 301. 341
Tepesia, 538
Terebrasia, 552
Terra Japonica, 469
Tertrea, 568
Tessiera, 632
Tetilla, 204
Tetragonia, 151, 152
Tetragonia, 79
Tetraganocarpus, 151
Tetramerium, 578, 579
Tetter-berry, 32
Thapsia, 349
Thapsia, 315. 350, 351. 353.
360. 374, 375
THAPSIE/E, 349
Thaspium, 315 -
Thasplum, 276
Thibaudia, 860-862
Thibaudia, 859. 862, 863
Throat-wort, Great, 757
Throat-wort, 769
Tlumbergia, 498
Thyme/tea, 633
Thysselinum, 322. 332, 333.
336
Tiarella, 228, 229
Tiarella, 229, 230
Tiedemannia, 33?
Tilleea, 98
Tilted, 99, 118. 125
Timonius, 554
Tinus, 438, 439
Tocoyena, 492, 493
Tocoyena, 501
Tontanea, 509
Torch- thistle, 164-171
TORDYLINE.E, 345'
Tordylioides, 346
Tordylopsis, 346
Tordylium, 345, 346
Tordylium, 340. 345. 34?. 361 ,
362
Toricellia, 388
Torilis, 361, 362
Torilis, 361.365
Tournefortia, 636
Trachelium, 769
Trachelium, 744. 750. 755.
756. 772
Trachymene, 257
Trachymene, 256, 257
Trachypleurum, 296
Trachyspermum, 284. 291
Tragium, 292-294
Tragoselinum, 288. 292
Trepocarpus, 348, 349
Trianthema, 72
Trianthema, 8?. 153
Tricalycia, 543
Trichera, 687. 689
Trichlis, 93
Trichocladus, 397
Trichosanthes, 38, 39
Trichosanthes, 3-37
Tridactylites, 225, 226
TrigonopliyUum, 214
Trihphus, 396
Trinia, 281
Trinia, 275
Triodon, 626, 627
Triosteum, 443
Triosteum, 539
Triplinervium, 218
Triplostegia, 680
Tristerix, 418
Trochiscanthes, 315
Trochocarpa, 781
Trochocarpa, 776
Tula, 524
Tuna, 171-1/3
Tupa, 700
Turgenia, 361
Turgosia, 103
Turia, 30
Turk's-cap, 160
Turnera, 67-70
Turnera, 70
TURNERACE/E, 66
U.
Ucriana, 493
Ullucus, 80
Ulospermum, 347
Umbellate, 235
UMBELLIFER.E, 235
Umbilicus, 111, 112
Uncaria, 469-471
Uncaria, 468
Uraspermum, 369, 370
Urophyllum, 540
Urceolaria, 542
Uva-ursi, 835
V.
, 851
Vaccinium, 851-857
Vaccinium, 833. 841. 857, 858
Vahlia, 231
Vaillantia, 662
Vaillantia, 656
Valantia, 646. 656-659. 661,
662
Valentiana, 453
Valerian, 672. 680
Valerian, Garden, 676
Valerian, Officinal, 679, 680
Valeriana, 672-680
Valeriana, 666-672. 680
VALERIANE^:, 665
Valerianella, 667-671
Valerianella, 635, 666
Vanguiera, 549-550
Vangueria, 549
Vareca, 59
Vauanthus, IOC
Vavanga. 549
Vegetable marrow, 41
Ventenatia, 720, 775
Vetea, 369
Velleia, 726-727
Velleia, 726
Venus's comb, 363
Venus's looking-glass, 768,
769
Vena, 108
Vereia, 108
Verulamia, 570
Veslingia, 153
Viburnum, 438-443
Viburnum, 233, 234. 400
Vicatia, 377
Virecta, 521
Virecta, 520, 521
Vireya, 848
Viscoides, 593
Viscum, 402-408
Viscum, 408, 409
Visnaga, 287
Viticella, 204
Vitis idjea, 851
Vhiania, 550. 552. 560
Votomita, 401
W.
Wahlenbergia, 737-743
Wahlenbergia, 494. 735. 737
WaUicltia, 540
Wallrothia, 320
Wallrotltia, 290
Water chickweed, 82
Water parsnip, 294-296
Webera, 506, 507
Webera, 563
Wegeila, 444
Water drop-wort, 302-304
Water drop-wort, Hemlock,
303
Wayfaring tree, 441
Wayfaring tree, American, 441
Weinmannia, 197
Weinmannia, 200, 201
Willdenovia, 514
Wendlandia, 517-520
Wendia, 344
Wendtia, 344
Wep/eria, 305
White Bird's Nest, 866
Whortle berry, 852-857
Wild hops, 32
Wild nep, 32
Wild Rosemary, 851. 829
Wild vine, 32
Wydleria, 280
Wild cornel-tree, 399
Wild cummin, 370
Windmmmia, 197. 199
Winter-green, 863-865
Witch-hazel, 396, 397
Wolf-berry, 451
Woodbine, 445
Woodroof, 637, 640
Wood-rose, 640
Woodrowe, 640
Woodrowel, 640
Woodruff, 640
Wylia, 363, 364
X.
Xanthophytum, 520
Xanthosia, 258
Xeranthns, 75
Xylosteum, 446. 448-450
Xylosteon, 446
Y.
Yer-nut, 291
Yellow Bird's nest, 866
Z.
Zaleya, 72
Zia.luy.ania, 505
Zamaria, 506
Zanonia, 3-4
Zanthoxylon, 385
Zenobia, 830
Zizia, 276
Zozima, 344, 345
Zozimia, 344, 345
Zucca, 43
Zuccarinia, 487
THE
GARDENER'S AND BOTANIST'S DICTIONARY.
ORDER CIII. CUCURBITA'CE^E (plants agreeing with
Cucurbita in important characters). Juss. gen. p. 393. D. C.
fl. fr. 3. p. 688. Aug. St. Hil. in mem. mus. 9. p. 190-221.
Ser. in mem soc. hist. nat. gen. vol. 3. p. 1. D. C. prod. 3.
p. 297. Lindl. introd. nat. syst. p. 192.
Flowers hermaphrodite, monoecious or dioecious (f. 1. b. c.
f. 3. b. c.), axillary. Calyx gamosepalous (f. 3. a. 6.), 5-toothed,
sometimes obsolete. Corolla 5-petalled (f. 2. a. f. 1. c. f. 3. c.),
but usually only 5-parted, distinct from the calyx, and some-
times somewhat continuous with it, rising from the margin
of the torus, sometimes fringed, constantly yellow, white, or
red, very cellular, with strongly marked, reticulated veins.
Stamens 5, either distinct, or joined in 3 parcels, and sometimes
all together ; filaments rarely pilose ; anthers 2-celled, very long,
sinuous, rarely ovate and short. Style rarely almost wanting,
crowned by 3-5 2-lobed stigmas, which are thick and velvety,
but rarely fringed. Ovarium 1 -celled, with 3 parietal placentas.
Fruit fleshy, more or less succulent, crowned by the scar formed
by the calyx, 1 -celled (f. 3. e. f. 2. 6.), with 3 parietal placentas,
which are indicated on the outside by nerves. Umbilical funicle
tumid towards the seeds. Seeds frequently obovate, flat, fixed to
the parietes of the fruit, enveloped in an arillus, which is either
juicy, or dry and membranous ; testa coriaceous, often thick at
the margins ; hylum oblique at the top of the seed. Embryo
straight, flat, without albumen. Cotyledons foliaceous, pal-
mately nerved ; radicle basilar, directed towards the hylum. —
Roots annual or perennial, fibrous or tuberous. Stems herba-
ceous, climbing by means of tendrils. Leaves palmate, or with
palmate ribs, succulent, covered with numerous asperities. Ten-
drils solitary, lateral, divided or undivided. Flowers solitary,
panicled, or in fascicles. Bracteas usually wanting. Branches
rising between the leaves and tendrils.
This order is nearly related to Passiflbreee, to which they are
so closely allied, as hardly to be distinguishable, except in their
monopetalous corolla, sinuous stamens, unisexual flowers, and
exalbuminous seeds, the habit of both being nearly the same.
There is an affinity between the order and Campanulacece in the
perigynous insertion of the stamens, the inferior ovarium, the
single style with several stigmas, the quinary division of the
flower, connected with the ternary division of the fruit, and
some analogy in the nature of the floral envelopes. The
small tribe Nhandirobete consists of plants having the habit of
Cucurbilac'ece, but some resemblance in their fruit to that of
Lecythidece, which, as is well known, border close upon Myr-
taceae ; but beyond this resemblance 'of the fruit, which
appears altogether to be a structure of analogy rather than
that of affinity, there is nothing to confirm the approachment.
Cucurbitacece is one of the most useful orders in the vegetable
kingdom, comprehending the melon, the cucumber, the choco,
and the various species of gourd and pumpkin, all useful as
food for man. A bitter laxative quality perhaps pervades all
these, which in the colocynth is so concentrated as to become
an active purgative principle. The colocynth of the shops is
prepared from the pulp of Cucumus colocynthus ; it is of so
drastic and irritating a nature, as to be classed by Orfila among
his poisons ; but, according to Thunberg, this gourd is rendered
perfectly mild at the Cape of Good Hope, by being properly
pickled, Ainslie 1. p. 85. The bitter resinous matter in which
the active principles of colocynth are supposed to exist, is called
by chemists colocynthine. A waxy substance is secreted by the
fruit of Ben'mcasa cerifera. It is produced in most abundance
at the time of its ripening. Delisle descrip. The leaf of Feuil-
lea cordifolia, is asserted by M. Drapiez to be a powerful anti-
dote against vegetable poisons. Edinb. phil. journ. 4. p. 221.
The fruit of Trichosanthes palmata, pounded small, and inti-
mately blended with warm cocoa-nut oil, is considered a valuable
application in India for cleansing and healing the offensive sores
which sometimes take place in the inside of the ears. It is also
supposed to be a useful remedy poured up the nostrils in cases
of ozaema. Ainslie 2. p. 85. The root of Bryonia possesses
powerful purgative properties, but is said to be capable of
becoming wholesome food, if properly cooked. The perennial
roots of all the order appear to contain similar bitter drastic
virtues, especially that of Momordica elatermm or Squirting
B
CUCURBITACE^S.
Cucumber. An extremely active poisonous principle, called
elatine, has also been found in the placentas of the fruit of this
plant. It exists in such extremely small quantity, that Dr.
Clutterbuck only obtained 6 grains from 40 fruit. Edinb. phil.
journ. 3. p. 307. An ingenious explanation of the cause of the
singular ejection of the seeds of this plant will be found in
Dutrochet's Nouvelles Recherches sur VExosmose. The root
of Brybnia rostrata is prescribed in India internally in electuary
in cases of piles. It is also used as a demulcent, in the form of
powder. That of Brybnia cordifblia is considered cooling, and
to possess virtues in complaints requiring expectorants. Ainslie
2. p. 21. The root of Brybnia epigce'a was once supposed to
be the famous colomba-root, to which it approaches very nearly
in quality. •Ttie'tender-.shopts.aiyl Jeaves of Brybnia scabra are
aperient, having been pre'tionsty'rbasted. Ainslie 2. p. 212. The
seeds of all'dtetsjitectes; afe| Sweet and oily, and capable of forming
very readily *aTi' em*uJsi<5n. * ThYJs'e o'f 'Ampelosicyos scdndens are
as large as chestnuts, and said to be as good as almonds, having
a very agreeable flavour. When pressed they yield an abund-
ance of oil, equal to that of the finest olives. De Candolle
remarks that the seeds of this family never participate in the
property of the pulp that surrounds them.
Synopsis of the Genera.
TRIBE I.
NHANDIRO' BE.S. Tendrils axillary, in the place of peduncles.
Floniers dioecious.
1 FEUI'LLEA. Calyx of the male flowers 5-cleft. Petals 5,
joined at the base. Stamens 5, inserted with the petals, some-
times 1 0, but 5 of them are sterile. Calyx of the female flowers
5-cleft. Petals 5, distinct. Styles 3 ; stigmas broad, bifid.
Fruit globose, fleshy.
2 ZANONIA. Male flowers. Calyx 3-lobed (f. 1. a.). Petals
5, joined into a 5-parted rotate, spreading corolla (f. 1 . b. c.).
Stamens 5, joined at the base ; anthers 1-celled. Female
flowers. Calyx with a long turbinate tube, and a 5-lobed limb.
Corolla as in the male flowers. Styles 3, spreading, bifid at the
apex. Fruit long, turbinate, fleshy ; seeds winged (f. 1 . d. e.}.
TRIBE II.
CUCURBI'TE.*. Tendrils lateral, stipular. Flowers herma-
phrodite, dioecious, or monoecious.
S LAGENA'RIA. Calyx campanulate, with subulate or broadish
segments ; corolla white ; petals obovate. Stamens 5, triadel-
phous. Stigmas 3, thick, 2-lobed. Fruit 3-5-celled. Flowers
dioecious.
4 CU'CUMIS. Calyx tubularly-campanulate, with subulate
segments. Petals almost distinct. Stamens 5, in 3 parcels. Stig-
mas 3, thick, bipartite. Fruit 3-6-celled. Flowers monoecious
or hermaphrodite, yellow.
5 LU'FFA. Male flowers panicled ; tube of calyx hemisphe-
rical. Petals distinct. Stamens 5, free ; anthers very sinuous.
Female flowers solitary ; tube of calyx clavate. Stigmas reni-
form. Fruit ovate, 3-celled. Flowers yellow.
6 BENINCA'SA. Flowers polygamous, monoecious, solitary ;
calycine segments with undulated, toothed margins. Petals
obovate, spreading, curled. Stamens in 3 parcels ; anthers
irregular, with distant circumvolutions. Stigmas very thick.
Flowers yellow.
7 ERYTHROPA'LUM. Flowers monoecious. Limb of calyx
obsoletely 5-toothed. Petals 5, bicallous at base inside. Sta-
mens 5, rising from the edge of the tube. Style short. Fruit
clavate, 1-celled, 3-valved, 1 -seeded.
8 TI/RIA. Flowers monoecious. Male ones umbellate.
Calyx 5-parted. Corolla 5-petalled. Stamens 5, in 3 parcels ;
anthers irregularly undulated. Stamens barren in the female
flowers. Stigmas 3, 2-lobed. Fruit cylindrical, villous, warted.
9 BRYONIA. Flowers monoecious or dioecious ; petals almost
distinct. Male flowers. Calyx 5-toothed. Stamens in 3 parcels.
Anthers flexuous. Female flowers. Style trifid. Fruit ovate
or globose, smooth. Tendrils usually simple, seldom bifid.
10 SI'CYOS. Flowers monoecious. Male flowers. Calyx
5-toothed. Corolla 5-parted. Filaments 3. Female flower.
Style trifid ; stigmas thickish, trifid. Fruit 1 -seeded from abor-
tion, usually beset with spines. Peduncles many-flowered.
11 ELATE' RIUM. Flowers monoecious ; male ones racemose
or corymbose. Calyx with inconspicuous teeth. Corolla hardly
gamopetalous. Filaments and anthers joined. Female flowers
solitary. Calyx echinated at the base, with the neck filiform.
Style crowned by a capitate stigma. Capsule coriaceous, reni-
form, echinated, 1-celled, 2-3-valved, many-seeded, bursting
elastically. Flowers yellow or white.
12 MOMORDICA. Flowers monoecious; peduncles filiform,
unibracteate. Male flowers. Calyx 5-cleft, with a very short
tube. Corolla 5-parted. Stamens in 3 parcels ; anthers con-
nected. Female flowers with 3 sterile filaments. Style trifid.
Ovarium 3-celled. Fruit generally muricated, bursting elas-
tically when mature.
13 NEUROSPE'RMA. Flowers monoecious. Male flowers.
Calyx and corolla 5-parted. Stamens 5, diadelphous, having 3
glands alternating with the bundles. Female flowers. Calyx
and corolla parted. Ovarium beset with 8 series of warts.
Style trifid, girded by 3 glands at the base ; stigmas 2-lobed.
Fruit fleshy, 3-celled, but when mature 1-celled, S-9-seeded.
14 SE'CHIUM. Flowers monoecious, yellow. Calyx 5-toothed,
with 10 foveolse. Corolla joined with the calyx. Stamens 4-5,
monadelphous. Style thick ; stigma capitate, 3-5-cleft. Fruit
obcordate, 1 -seeded.
15 MELOTHRIA. Flowers monoecious. Calyx 5-toothed.
Corolla campanulate ; petals ciliated or toothed, never fringed.
Filaments 5, in 3 parcels. Style 1 ; stigmas 3, fringed. Fruit
3-celled, many-seeded.
16 TRICHOSA'NTHES. Flowers monoecious, white. Male
flowers. Calyx subclavate, 5-parted, appendiculate. Corolla
5-parted, ciliated (f. 2. a.). Filaments 3. Anthers joined. Female
flowers. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla 5-parted, laciniately cili-
ated (f. 2. a.'). Style trifid (f. 2. d.}. Stigmas oblong, subulate.
Fruit oblong (f. 2. &.), 1 or 3-9-celled.
17 AMPELOSICYOS. Flowers dioecious. Male flowers. Calyx
turbinate, 5-cleft (f. 3. a.); segments denticulated (f. 3. &.).
CUCURBITACEjE. I. FEUILLEA. II. ZANONIA.
3
Corolla 5-petalled(f. 3. c.) ; petals oblong, fringed (f. 3. rf.). Sta-
mens 5, in 3 parcels. Female flowers. Limb of calyx 5 -toothed.
Corolla as in the male. Stigma capitate, 3-lobed, ex Bojer.
Fruit fleshy, 2-3 feet long, and 8 inches thick, elongated, fur-
rowed (f. 3. e.). Flowers purple.
18 CUCU'RBITA. Flowers monoecious, yellow. Petals joined
together, and with the calyx. Male flowers. Calyx campanu-
late. Stamens 5, in 3 bundles and syngenesious. Anthers
curved at both ends. Female flowers. Calyx clavate, narrowed
towards the apex. Stigmas 3, thickish, 2-lobed. Fruit 3-5-
celled.
19 INVOLUCRA'RIA. Flowers monoecious. Male ones um-
bellate, sessile ; bracteas reniform, fringe-toothed, involucrum-
formed. Tube of calyx obconical ; sepals linear, acute. An-
thers joined together. Female flowers solitary, on long pe-
duncles.
20 MURI'CIA. Flowers monoecious. Calyx 5-parted, in-
closed in a large undivided, 1 -flowered sheath. Corolla cam-
panulate, 5-petalled. Stamens 5, in 3 bundles, and syngenesious.
Style 1 ; stigmas 3, sagittate, horizontal. Berry muricated, 1-
celled, many-seeded.
21 ANGU'RIA. Flowers monoecious. Male flowers. Calyx
campanulate, 5-toothed. Corolla joined with the calyx, ven-
tricose, red, 5-parted. Stamens 2. Female flowers with a calyx
and corolla as in the males, and 2 sterile stamens. Style semi-
bifid ; stigmas bifid. Fruit 2-4-celled, many-seeded, somewhat
tetragonal.
t Genera not sufficiently known.
22 ZU'CCA. Flowers solitary, axillary. Bractea large, con-
cave, involving a large, coloured, 5-sepalled calyx, and girded
by 5 scales at the base. Stamens 5.
23 ALLA'SIA. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx gamosepalous,
girded by a short involucrum. Segments 5, acutish, pilose.
Corolla 4-petalled ; petals pilose. Stamens 4, but more pro-
bably 8, joined by twos ; anthers 2-lobed. Style subulate,
crowned by an acute stigma. Berry fleshy, large, oblong, ob-
tuse, 1 -celled, many-seeded.
24 GRONOVIA. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx funnel-
shaped, 5-parted ; scales 5, linear, petal-formed, pellucid, alter-
nate with the calycine segments. Stamens 5, free, alternating
with the scales. Style crowned by a capitate stigma. Berry
dry, nearly globose, 1-seeded, crowned by the dry permanent
calyx.
25 KOLBIA. Flowers dioecious ? Calyx gamosepalous,
with a crenulated edge. Corolla gamopetalous, 5-lobed ; lobes
with glandular edges. Nectary ? 5-leaved ; lobes with feathery
ciliated edges. Stamens 5, monadelphous ; filaments short ;
anthers long, conniving.
Tribe I.
NHANDIRO'BEjE (plants agreeing with Nhandirbba in im-
portant characters). St. Hil. ann. mus. 9. p. 215. Turp. diet,
sc. nat. atlas, icon. 2. D. C. prod. 3. p. 297. Tendrils axillary,
peduncular. Flowers dioecious.
I. FEUI'LLEA (in honour of Louis Feuillee, a traveller in
Chili ; author of Journal des Observations physiques, mathema-
tiques, et botaniques, faites dans 1'Amerique Meridionale, &c.
3 vols. 4to. Paris, vols. 1 and 2. 1714. and 3. 1725.). Lin.
gen. 1118. Juss. gen. 397. Lam. ill. t. 815. D. C. prod. 3.
p. 297. — Fevillea, Pers. syst. regl. ed. 15. p. 929. — Nhandi-
roba, Plum. gen. 20. t. 27.
LIN. SYST. Dioecia, Pentdndria. Flowers dioecious. Male
flowers. Calyx 5-cleft beyond the middle. Petals 5, rather
joined at the base, inserted in the throat of the calyx, and alter-
nating with the sepals. Stamens 5, inserted with the petals, and
alternating with them, sometimes 10, but when this is the case,
5 of which are always sterile, (ex Juss.) Anthers 2-celled,
didymous. Female flowers. Tube of calyx adnate to the ova-
rium ; limb 5-cleft. Petals 5, distinct, or joined at the base,
oblong. Lamellae or abortive stamens 5, sometimes alternating
with the petals (ex Juss.). Styles 3. Stigmas broad, bluntly
bifid. Fruit globose, fleshy, 3-celled, indehiscent, with solid
bark and a large fleshy trigonal central axis ; cells many ovu-
late. Ovula erect from the centre. Seeds compressed, oval.
Embryo straight. Cotyledons flat, rather fleshy. — Intratropical
American, rather frutescent climbing herbs. Leaves alternate,
petiolate, exstipulate, palmately nerved, cordate, glabrous.
Tendrils axillary, spirally twisted, in place of peduncles. Pe-
duncles axillary, 1 or many-flowered. Flowers small. Seeds
oily, bitter. This genus has a habit emulating Passiftora. Fruit
in the form of that of Couroupila, a genus of Lecythidece.
1 F. PUNCTA'TA (Poir. diet. 4. p. 418.) leaves S-lobed or
ternate, beset with glandular dots on both surfaces along the
nerves, but more especially beneath ; lobes of leaves lanceolate,
rather cut. I£ . ^. S. Native of St. Domingo. Trichosanthes
punctata, Lin. spec. 1432.amcen. acad. 3. p. 423. exclusive of
the country. Fevillea trilob&ta, Reich, syst. 4. p. 253.
Z>o«ed-leaved Feuillea. PI. cl.
2 F. TRILOBA'TA (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 1014.) leaves rather
glandular on both surfaces, 3-parted or trifid ; lower lobes ob-
tuse, upper ones acute. "%. . r>. S. Native of Brazil. F. scan-
dens ft, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 1457. F. hederacea, Poir. diet. 4.
p. 4 1 9. Chandiroba or Nhandiroba, Margr. bras. 46. lower figure.
Three-lobed-\ea\ed Feuillea. PI. cl.
3 F. CORDIFOLIA (Poir. diet. 4. p. 418.) leaves glandless,
cordate, acuminated, or somewhat 3-lobed, and rather serrated.
If.. ^.S. Native of the West Indies. Plum, ed Burm. t. 209.
F. scandens a, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 1457. F. hederacea, Turp.
in diet. sc. nat. with a figure. The leaves of this species are
said to be a powerful antidote against vegetable poisons.
Heart-leaved Feuillea. PI. cl.
4 F. JAVILLA(H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 124.)
leaves glandless, roundish, sinuately cordate, acuminated. If. .
'"'. S. Native of New Granada, in woods near Turbaco, where
it is called Javilla by the inhabitants. Seeds with subalate mar-
gins, hence this species agrees with the genus Zanonia.
Javilla Feuillea. PI. cl.
Cult. A light rich soil will suit the species of Feuillea ; and
cuttings of them will root readily under a hand-glass, in heat.
They are well fitted for training up rafters in stoves.
II. ZANONIA (named in memory of Giacomo Zanoni, for-
merly Prefect of the Botanic Garden at Bologna, author of
Istoria Botanica, Bol. 1675. fol. edited in Latin by Monti,
1742. He died 1682, aged 67.). Lin. gen. 1117. Juss. gen.
397. Lam. ill. t. 816. Blum, bijdr. p. 937. D. C. prod. 3.
p. 298. but not of Plum.
LIN. SYST. Dioecia, Monadelphia. Flowers dioecious. Male.
Calyx 3-iobed (f. 1. a.). Petals 5, joined into a 5-parted rotate
corolla (f. 1. i.e.). Stamens 5 (f. 1. c.) ; filaments flat, con-
nected at the base; anthers 1 -celled, adnate to the tops' of the
filaments. Female. Tube of calyx long, turbinate ; limb 5-
B2
CUCURBITACE.E. II. ZANONIA. III. LAGENARIA.
lobed. Corolla as in the male. Styles 3, spreading, bifid at.
the apex. Fruit long, turbinate, fleshy, having a circular line
at the apex, formed from the vestige of the calyx, opening by
3 valves at the top, 3-celled ; the rind solid : central placenta
fleshy, large, trigonal ; cells biovulate. Seeds ovate, mar-
gined by afoliaceous wing (f. 1. e. d,\, exalbuminous. Embryo
inverted. — Smooth, climbing, Indian plants. Leaves alternate,
petiolate, exstipulate, ovate-lanceolate, cordate at the base,
acuminated, quite entire. Tendrils axillary. Peduncles also
axillary and racemose. This genus, from the general form of
the fruit, is like the genus Couritari, but from the characters it is
allied to Feuillea. The interior fabric of the seeds is unknown.
SECT. I. ZAN6NIA (see genus for derivation). Blum. 1. c.
Cells of fruit 2-seeded. Fruit elongated, somewhat tetragonal.
1 Z. I'NDICA (Lin. spec.
1157.) leaves elliptic, acute, "?• '•
rather cordate at the base ;
racemes axillary. Jj . r*. S.
Native of Malabar, Ceylon,
and Java. Blum. 1. c. Pe-
narvalli, Rheed. mal. 8. t.
47 and 48.
Indian Zanonia. PL cl.
Fruit hemispherical, truncate at the
SECT. II. ALSOMITRA
(from a\<7oc, alsos, a grove,
and fiirpa, mitra, a girdle ;
the plants grow in groves
and entwine round the trees
by means of ring-like ten-
drils.). Blum. 1. c. Cells
of ovarium many-seeded,
apex, or elongated.
2 Z. MACROCA'RPA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves ovate-elliptic, acutish,
rounded at the base ; racemes axillary. Tj . ,_,. S. Native of
Java, on the mountains of Parang.
Large-fruited Zanonia. PL cl.
3 Z. SARCOPHY'LLA (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 28. t. 133.)
leaves trifoliate ; leaflets thick, fleshy, ovate, obtuse, quite
entire. I? . w. S. Native of the East Indies, in sterile ex-
posed situations along the banks of the Irawaddi. The plant
climbs by means of simple and slender tendrils. The leaves
are of a pale glaucous colour. Flowers small, very numerous,
forming ample, greenish, nodding panicles. The different sexes
are produced in distinct plants.
Fleshy-leaved Zanonia. Shrub cl.
4 Z. CLAVIGERA (Wall. 1. c.) smooth ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets
oblong, acuminated, quite entire ; fruit large, clavate. fj . ^,. S.
Native of Silhet, where it is called in the Bengalee language
Kixhnobera. The fruit is 3 inches long, and as thick as a thumb.
Club-bearing Zanonia. Shrub cl.
5 Z. ANGULA'TA (Wall. 1. c.) smooth ; stem angular ; leaves
simple, somewhat hastately lanceolate, cordate at the base ; fruit
large, clavate. Tj . w. S. Native of Silhet. The fruit is as
long as a finger, and very thick.
/^ngu/ar-stemmed Zanonia. Shrub cl.
6 Z. CISSIOIDES (Wall. 1. c.) stem filiform, angular ; leaves
pedate, with 5 or 7 leaflets ; leaflets lanceolate, acuminated at
both ends, coarsely and cuspidately serrated ; petioles and pe-
duncles pilose. Tj . w. S. Native of Nipaul.
Cissus-like Zanonia. Shrub cl.
7 Z. LA'XA (Wall. 1. c. p. 29.) stem filiform, much branched,
bifariously pilose ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets acuminated, ser-
rated, intermediate one lanceolate, lateral ones half cordate ;
petioles and peduncles pilose. T? . w. S. Native of Silhet.
Loose Zanonia. Shrub cl.
8 Z. HETEROSPE'RMA (Wall. 1. c.) stem filiform, very slender;
leaves pedate, with 5 leaflets ; leaflets lanceolate, acuminated,
serrated ; capsule clavate, angular, borne on very long capil-
laceous peduncles ; seeds scabrous from scales. PJIN-,. S. Na-
tive of Mount Taong Dong, near Ava. Capsule chartaceous,
trigonal, 8 lines long, with a 3-toothed mouth. The scales on
the seeds are elegantly imbricated, and girded by a narrow-
margin.
Variable-seeded Zanonia. Shrub cl.
Cult. See Feuillea, p. 3. for the culture and propagation of
the species.
Tribe II.
CUCURBI'TEjE (plants agreeing with Cucurbita in impor-
tant characters). D. C. prod. 3. p. 299. Tendrils lateral,
stipular. Flowers hermaphrodite, dioecious, or monoecious.
III. LAGENA'RIA (from lagena, a bottle ; form of fruit of
some of the species). Ser. diss. I. c. D. C. prod. 3. p. 299. —
Cucurbita species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Dioecia, Polydelphia. Calyx campanulate ;
segments subulate or broadish, shorter than the tube. Corolla
white ; petals obovate, rising from beneath the margin of the
calyx. Male. Stamens 5, in 3 parcels, the fifth one free. Female.
Style almost wanting ; stigmas 3, thick, 2-lobed, granular.
Fruit 3-5 ? celled. Seeds obovate, compressed, 2-lobed at the
apex, with tumid margins. Flowers monoecious.
1 L. VULGA'RIS (Ser. mss. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 299.) plant
musky scented, clothed with soft pubescence ; stems climbing ;
tendrils 3-4-cleft ; leaves cordate, nearly entire, biglandular at
the base, pilose, rather glaucescent ; flowers monoecious, stel-
late, spreading much, in fascicles ; connectives of anthers beset
with oblong-ovate, acute papillae ; fruit pubescent, but when
mature quite smooth; flesh white, edible. Q. w. H. Native
within the tropics. Cucurbita lagenaria, Lin. spec. 1434. Sieb.
hort. 1. t. 69.— Rumph. amb. 5. t. 144. — Mor. hist. 2. p. 23.
sect. 57. t. 5. f. 1, 2, 3. Flowers large, white. Fruit shaped
like a bottle ; when ripe of a pale yellow colour, some near 6
feet long, with a roundish bottom and a neck ; the rind becoming
hard, and being dried, contains water ; it is then of a pale bay
colour. The bottle-gourd is called Charrah by the Arabians.
The poor people eat it, boiled with vinegar, or fill the shells
with rice and meat, thus making a kind of pudding of it.
It grows in all parts of Egypt and Arabia, wherever the moun-
tains are covered with rich soil. In Jamaica and many other
places within the tropics, the shells are generally used for holding
water or palm wine, and serve as bottles. The pulp of the fruit
is often employed in resolutive poultices ; it is bitter and purga-
tive, and may be used instead of colocynth.
Var. a, goiirda (Ser. mss. ex D. C. 1. c) fruit unequally bi-
ventricose. — Moris, hist. sect. 1. t. 5. f. 1. Dodon. pempt. 668.
f. 1. Bottle gourd. Gourde des pelerins.
Var. /3, govgourda (Ser. 1. c.) fruit ventricose at the base,
neck oblong. — Rumph. amb. 5. p. 398. t. 144. Braam. icon,
chin. t. 1 7. Commonly called Gougourde.
Var. y, depressa (Ser. 1. c.) fruit globose, depressed.
Var. S, turbinata (Ser. 1. c.) fruit somewhat campanulately
pear-shaped. Mor. hist. sect. 1. t. 5. f. 2. Dodon. pempt.
t. 669. f. 1.
Far. c, clavata (Ser. mss.) fruit obovate-oblong, club-shaped.
— Moris, hist. sect. 1. t. 5. f. 3. Dodon. pempt. 669. f. 2.
Gourde trompette, Gourde massite, or Trumpet gourd.
Common Bottle Gourd. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1597. PI. trail.
2 L. VITTA'TA (Ser. 1. c.) leaves roundish-cordate, somewhat
repand, obsoletely denticulated, rough ; peduncles crowded, 1-
flowered ; fruit pear-shaped, striped lengthwise, puberulous.
CUCURBITACEJE. III. LAGENARIA. IV. CUCUMIS.
O • H. Native country unknown, but collected in the gardens
of India. Bonteng-suri of the Hindoos. Cucurbita vituita,
Blum, bijdr. p. 932.
Ribbed Gourd. PI. cl.
3 L. ? HI'SPIDA (Ser. 1. c.) greyish, pilose ; leaves cordate,
5-angled, acuminated, denticulated, beset with pedicellate glands
beneath ; stem and petioles densely hispid ; flowers densely
clothed with ferruginous hairs. Q. F. Native of Japan and
the East Indies. Cucurbita hispida, Thunb. fl. jap p. 322.
and Willd. spec. 4. p. 608. Waluh of the Indians. Perhaps
only a variety of L. vulgaris.
hispid Gourd. PI. trailing.
4 L. ? IDOLA'TRICA (Ser. I.e.) leaves cordate, cuspidate, obso-
letely 3-lobed, pubescent, biglandular at the base ; lateral lobes
very short and cuspidate; fruit pear-shaped. Q. F. Native
of Guinea and the East Indies. Cucurbita Idolatrica, Willd.
spec. 4. p. 607. Blum, bijdr. p. 930. Labu-eyer and Kukuk
of the Hindoos. Perhaps only a variety of L, vulgaris. In
India the fruit of this plant is held in great veneration by the
Hindoos, in their religious ceremonies.
Worshipped Gourd. PI. trailing.
Cult. See Cucurbita, p. 41. for culture and propagation.
IV. CU'CUMIS (said to be from KIKVOC or SIKUOC- Varro
says, " Cucumeres dicuntur a curvore, ut curvimeres dicti").
Lin. gen. no. 1479. Juss. gen. p. 395. Gsertn. fruct. t. 88.
D. C. prod. 3. p. 299. — Cucumis and Melo, Tourn. inst. p.
104. Colocinthis, Tourn, inst. p. 107. — Rigocarpus, Neck. elem.
bot. no. 386.
LIN. SVST. Dioecia, Polyadelphia. Calyx tubularly campa-
nulate ; segments subulate, hardly the length of the tube.
Petals hardly joined together or to the calyx. — Male. Stamens
5, in 3 parcels. — Female. Stigmas 3, thick, bipartite. Fruit
3-6-celled. Seeds ovate, compressed, not marginate. Flowers
monoecious or hermaphrodite, yellow.
1 C. MK'LO (Lin. spec. 1436.) stem trailing, scabrous, cir-
rhiferous ; leaves roundish, angular, petiolate; male flowers
having the tube of the calyx rather ventricose at the base, and
rather dilated at the apex ; stamens inclosed ; anthers shorter
than their connectives ; the hermaphrodite flowers with the an-
thers as in the males; stigmas 3-4, shortly 2-lobed ; fruit ovate
or sub-globose, 8-1 2-furrowed; flesh sugary, yellow, red, or white.
G. F. Native of Asia. Called rhetimou by the Hindoos;
Melon, Engl. and Fr. ; Melone, Germ. ; Mellone, Ital.
The melon is a tender annual, producing one of the richest
fruits brought to the dessert, and has been cultivated in England
since 1570, but the precise time of its introduction is unknown.
It was originally brought to this country from Jamaica, and was,
till within the last fifty years, called the musk-melon. The fruit,
to be grown to perfection, requires the aid of artificial heat and
glass throughout every stage of its culture. Its minimum tem-
perature may be estimated at 65°, in which it will germinate
and grow ; but it requires a heat of from 75° to 80° to ripen its
fruit, which, in ordinary cases, it does in 4 months from the time
of sowing the seed.
Varieties. — There are numerous varieties, many of which,
especially those raised from seeds brought from Italy and Spain,
are not worth cultivating. The best sorts are included under
the name of Cantaloups, an appellation bestowed on them from
a seat of the Pope near Rome, where this variety is supposed
to have been originally produced. The general character of
the Cantaloups is a roundish form, rough, warty, or netted outer
rind ; neither very large in fruit or leaves. The Romanas, an
Italian sort, is next in esteem, are generally oval-shaped, regu-
larly netted ; the fruit and leaves middle-sized, and the plants
great bearers. Many varieties of both these sorts, however,
that were formerly in esteem, are now lost, degenerated, or sup-
planted by others of Spanish or Persian origin. The following
is a descriptive list of the sorts.
List of Melons.
Var. a, reticulatus (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 300.) fruit
roundish or oblong, with a grey reticulated rind. — Blackw. herb,
t. 329. The following sorts of melons belong to this variety : —
1 Beechmood melon. This is an excellent, early, greenish
yellow kind, with a netted rind and a greenish-white flesh, of a
middle size.
2 Melon maraicher. The flesh of this sort is very thick and
watery ; hardly sweet-scented.
3 Melon de L'onfleur. A late melon, with a thin yellow rind,
and pale red sugary flesh. It is of inferior quality but large
in size.
4 Melon des Carmes. A well-flavoured large fruit, with a
thick orange rind, and juicy sugary pulp.
5 Melon de Langeais. A middle-sized, ribbed fruit, with
orange-coloured, sugary, sweet-scented flesh.
6 Melon sucrin de Tours. Fruit large, with firm, sugary,
orange-coloured flesh.
7 Sucrin a chair blanche.
8 Sucrin a chassis.
9 Sucrin vert.
10 Sucrin a petits grains.
11 Succada. A late green middle-sized netted melon.
Var. /3, Cantalupo (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 300.) fruit large,
with broadly ribbed, and furrowed, warted, thick rind. The fol-
lowing sorts belong to this variety.
1 Early Cantaloup. A deep-furrowed, early, middle-sized
kind, with white, deeply-furrowed, thin skin ; and orange-coloured
flesh, not very highly flavoured. It sets well, and is a great
bearer.
2 Silver cantaloup. Cantaloup argente. A shallow-fur-
rowed, middle-sized fruit, and before it is full grown is mixed
with silver and green.
3 Large black Holland cantaloup. Cantaloup gros noir de
Hollande. A large fruit, with green, furrowed, thin rind : and
red rather coarse flesh.
4 Hybrid cantaloup. A small good early fruit, with a
whitish rind and red pulp.
5 Montagu cantaloup. This is a variety produced from the
Italian green-fleshed and the smooth scarlet-fleshed cantaloup.
A middle-sized, early good fruit, but with a thick, yellow, fur-
rowed rind and pale red flesh, which is soft and juicy, and com-
pletely melting in the mouth.
6 Netted cantaloup, or White-seeded cantaloup. This is a
very juicy, highly-flavoured, small fruit, with a thin, netted,
yellow rind.
7 Orange cantaloup. A small, round, pale yellow, netted
fruit. The flesh, when just fit for cutting, is orange ; but when
riper it is more red. In respect to flavour, it is excelled by
none of the melon tribe, being juicy, sugary, and rich. The
plant is a free grower, an early setter, and a great bearer.
8 Black rock cantaloup. A large late melon, with a thick dark
green rind, and salmon-coloured flesh. It is juicy, but not very
high flavoured.
9 Carbuncled rock cantaloup. Very like the black rock, as
to colour and flavour, but differs in being cheese-shaped.
There are a small and a large kind of this ; the smaller kind is
the best.
1 0 Lee's rock cantaloup. Rather long than round, and more
green than black. Much the same in flavour as the preceding.
11 Scarlet-fleshed cantaloup. A middle-sized early good
fruit, with a thick yellow rind and red sweet flesh. It is par-
ticularly high flavoured.
6
CUCURBITACE/E. IV. CUCUMIS.
12 Italian green-Jleshed. A middle-sized early good fruit,
with a thick yellow rind and green flesh : in flavour both rich
and sweet.
13 Ionian green-Jleshed cantaloup. A large thin-skinned
lemon-coloured and lemon-scented fruit, of excellent flavour,
but not a great bearer.
14 Egyptian green-Jleshed. A middle-sized early good fruit,
with a thin white netted skin and green flesh : in flavour resem-
bling the preceding.
15 Dutch green-Jleshed. An indifferent sort.
16 Crimea green-Jleshed. A useless late fruit, of middling
size, with a thin green skin and pale red flesh.
17 Persian green-Jleshed. A middle-sized, green, thin-
skinned sort, with green flesh. Not good.
18 Green-Jleshed Masulipatam. A very small and excellent
early sort, with green skin and green flesh.
19 Green-Jleshed Valparaiso. Not very good.
20 Red-Jleshcd Valparaiso.
21 Dutch rock. A rather large good fruit, with a thick
yellow rind, and orange-coloured flesh.
22 Early rock. A good early fruit.
23 Golden rock. A middle-sized fruit, with a thick yellow
rind and pale red flesh, of excellent flavour.
24 Scarlet rock.
25 Silver rock. A large late fruit, with a thick yellow rind,
and pale red flesh, which is juicy, sweet, and well-flavoured.
26 Netted scarlet-Jleshed. A good sort.
27 Smooth scarlet-Jlenhed. A middle-sized fruit, of excellent
flavour. The rind is thick, smooth, and yellow, and the flesh
orange-coloured.
28 Windsor scarlet-Jleshed. A rather large, excellent-fla-
voured, late kind, with thick green rind, and salmon-coloured flesh.
29 Lee's Romano. A middle-sized, longish, shallow-furrowed
fruit. Rind hard, partly netted, and pale yellow : the flesh full
yellow and pretty high flavoured, but not very juicy.
SO Large netted Romana. The largest of the romanas, regu-
larly netted all over, and shallow-furrowed, often attaining a
large size. Rind hard and pale yellow, the flesh full yellow,
but not very juicy : very high -flavoured, if eaten sharp ripe.
31 Fair's Romana. A small oval fruit, the rind greenish
yellow when ripe, and the flesh a pale yellow, not very juicy ;
but well-flavoured and agreeable.
32 Early Polignac. An early rich middle-sized fruit, with
a thick yellow rind, and pale red flesh. It is in frequent cul-
tivation.
33 Portugal. There are two varieties of this kind, a small
and a large sort ; they are noted as good bearers and early.
34 Sweet Italian. A large orange-coloured sort, of moderate
quality.
35 Netted succado. A middle-sized late green-skinned sort.
30 Small Levant. A middle-sized sort, with a thick green
skin and pale red flesh. Not of good quality.
37 Smooth yellow-Jleshed Valparaiso. A middle-sized, late,
green, thin-skinned sort ; the flesh white, of moderate flavour.
38 Brasilian. An inferior middle-sized sort, with thin green
skin and orange-coloured flesh.
39 Melon d'ete d'Odesse. A rather large, later, indifferent
fruit, with thin orange skin and white flesh.
40 Melon d'Olor. A very small fruit, with yellow skin and
white flesh, of good quality.
41 Netted French melon. A rather large late fruit, with a
thick yellow rind and yellow flesh, of bad quality.
42 Nutmeg. A late green, thick-skinned sort, with white
flesh.
43 Queen Ann's melon, early queen, or queen's pocket melon.
A very small fruit, with ornamental striped thin skin, and white
flesh.
44 Carthagena. A large high-flavoured fruit, with a thick
orange-coloured rind and pale red flesh.
45 Cassabar. A large late fruit, with green thin skin, and
white flesh.
46 Cephalonia. A large oblong fruit, with thin yellow skin
and green flesh, of tolerable flavour.
47 Choujleur. A large fruit of little use ; the skin is thick
and yellow, and the flesh pale red.
48 Gahoon. A large late fruit, of little value ; with yellow
skin and yellow flesh.
49 Geree, ostrich egg. A middle-sized late fruit, of excel-
lent flavour : the skin as well as the flesh is green. The plant
is rather tender.
50 Gros Prescoltfond blanc. A large late fruit, with a thick
yellow rind, and orange-coloured flesh.
51 Petit Prescott. Fruit depressed, crowned at the top ;
ribs warted : flesh delicious.
52 Cantaloup natif d'Allemagne. An early fruit, with a
greenish-yellow smoothish rind, but not of good quality.
53 Cantaloup boule de Siam. Fruit very much depressed,
with a dark green rind, full of warted ribs.
54 Hardy ridge. A middle-sized late fruit, with a thick
yellow rind and red flesh, of good flavour.
A list of melons which are hardly known ; but none of them
are perhaps worth cultivation.
1 De Andalousie. 2 Cantaloup a chair verte. 3 Cantaloup
a fond noir. 5 Cantaloup Galleux. 6 Chili musk. 7 Crimea.
8 Citron. 9 D'Espagne. 10 Fagos. 11 Fin hatif. 12 Gol-
den egg. 13 Grand Mogul. 14 Green Spanish oval. \5Gros
Galleux a chair verte. 1 6 Hardy scarlet-Jleshed. 1 7 Highclere.
18 D'Hiver. 19 Large Astrachan. 20 Levant. 21 Melon
gris des Carmes. 22 Melon of Honda. 23 Melon of Jaffa.
24 Melon Tare. 25 Madeira. 26 Mendoza. 27 Le Mogul.
28 Du Peron. 29 Pine apple or Melon d' Ananas. 30 Musk
melon. 31 Carthagena musk melon. 32 Murray's pine-apple,
33 Noir de Hollande tres gros. 34 Turkish melon. 35 Valen-
tin or winter melon. 36 Wynestay.
Var. y, Maltensis (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 300.) fruit with
a smooth thin rind. This variety is divisible into two parts, as
Maltese Melons and Persian Melons.
* Maltese melons.
1 Melon de Malle blanc or Melon de Malte a chair blanche.
An early middle-sized ovate-oblong fruit, with white watery
sugary flesh.
2 Melon de Malte jaune. Flesh of fruit orange-coloured,
sweet-scented.
3 Melon de la Moree ou de Candie, or Melon de Malle d'hiver.
This kind is cultivated in various countries bordering on the
Mediterranean sea, and particularly in the orange gardens at
Hiers, near Toulon, whence its fruit is sent to Paris. The skin
is thin ; the flesh white, firm, sugary, and juicy ; not rich, but
pleasant. The shape oval, size about a foot long and eight
inches broad ; of a dark green colour. This fruit is regularly
imported, and may be had in the fruit shops from September to
January.
* * Persian melons.
1 Daree. A good-sized fruit ; skin thin and green ; flesh
white, high-flavoured. A late fruit.
2 Dampsha melon. An excellent, late, rather large fruit, of
nearly a cylindrical form, and netted ; rind thin and yellow when
ripe ; flesh green, quite melting, and of excellent flavour. The
fruit will keep, if hung up by its stalk, for some time.
3 Large germek. An excellent early green-skinned sort, of
considerable size ; flesh green.
CUCURBITACE^E. IV. CUCUMIS.
4 Small germek. This is much smaller than the last-named
sort ; the skin is yellow and the flesh green.
5 Goorgab. A middle-sized late fruit, with yellow rind and
white flesh. A useless sort.
6 Green Hoosainee. A middle-sized late sort, of good quality ;
rind thin, green ; flesh white.
7 Striped Hoosainee. A very good late sort, with greenish-
yellow rind, and white flesh.
8 Kasan sugar melon. A good sort.
9 Keiseng. This is said to be one of the best Persian melons ;
the skin is thin, pale yellow, and red, and the flesh white.
10 Kurchaing. A very good sort, of considerable size ; the
skin is lemon-coloured, and the flesh white.
1 1 Melon of Erivan.
12 Melcn of Gerger. A middle-sized good fruit, with yellow
skin and red flesh.
13 Melon of Nukshevan. This is an excellent late kind ; the
skin is yellow, and the pulp white.
14 Melon of Nusserabad.
15 Melon of Seen. A middle-sized fruit of indifferent quality.
It is a late sort, with yellow rind and green flesh.
16 Green Persian. A fruit of indifferent flavour.
1 7 Oldaker's Persian. A fruit of considerable size but no
merit ; the rind is orange-coloured, and the flesh green.
18 Sir Gore Ouseley's Persian. A large fruit of good quality;
the skin is yellow and the flesh white.
1 9 Sweet melon of Ispahan. This is said to be one of the very
best melons. It grows to a large size ; the skin is yellow and
the flesh green, crisp, sugary, and rich in taste.
20 Talibee melon.
21 Teheran melon.
22 Salonica. A round fruit, with a gold-coloured rind, and
white flesh ; improves in flavour and richness till it becomes
quite soft ; consistence of its pulp nearly that of a water melon,
and very sweet.
On the degeneracy of the larger varieties of Persian melons. —
Mr. Knight thinks that it would be strange if every large and
excellent variety of melon did not degenerate, under our ordi-
nary modes of culture. For every large and excellent variety
of melon, must necessarily have been the production of high
culture and abundant food ; and a continuance of the same
measures to it, in its highly improved state, must be necessary
to prevent its receding in successive generations from that state.
Abundant food, it is true, is generally, perhaps always, given by
the British gardener to his melon plants : but sufficient light,
under the most favourable circumstances, can only be obtained
during a part of the year, and a sufficient breadth of foliage to
enable the melon plant properly to nourish a fruit of large size
and rich saccharine quality, so that it may obtain the highest
state of growth and perfection which it is capable of acquiring,
has rarely, and probably never, been given in any season of the
year, by any British gardener. Mr. Knight has cultivated the
Sweet Ispahan melon, and found it a very superior variety. He
has cultivated this variety generally in brick pits, surrounded
by hollow walls, through which warm atmospheric air at all
times enters abundantly ; putting each plant in a separate large
pot, and suffering it to bear one melon only : but the fruit sets
sufficiently well in a common hot-bed. The rind of the Ispa-
han melon, being very soft and thin, the fruit is apt to sustain
injury on the lower side ; they should be raised above the
ground a little by some means while young, so as the air may
pass under them. When seeds of the Ispahan melon are only
wanted, it is quite time enough to sow in the beginning of
April, so that the fruit may ripen in August. Very valuable
varieties of melons may be obtained, for one generation at least,
by cross breeding among the smaller and more hardy varieties
8
of green and white-fleshed melons and the large Persian va-
rieties. It is generally supposed that the offspring of cross-
bred plants, as of animals, usually present great irregularity and
variety of character ; but if a male of permanent character and
habits, and, of course not cross-bred, be selected, that will com-
pletely overrule the disposition to sport irregularly in the cross-
bred variety ; alike in the animal and vegetable world, the per-
manent habit always controlling and prevailing over the variable.
The finest varieties of melon are usually supposed by gardeners
to be fruits of as easy culture as the pine-apple, but experience
has led us to draw a contrary conclusion. If the leaves of the
melon plant be suddenly exposed to the influence of the sun in
a bright day, which has succeeded a few cloudy days, for a short
time only, they frequently become irreparably injured. If the
air of the bed be kept a little too damp, the stems of the plants
often canker, and the leaves and stalks sustain injury in the
common hot-bed ; and, if the air be too dry, the plants, and
consequently the fruit, are injured by the depredations of the
red spider. — Loud. gard. mag. vol. 7. pp. 186, 187, 188.
In the cultivation of the melon, Knight observes, " it is a
matter of much importance to procure proper seed. Some
gardeners are so scrupulous on this point, that they will not
sow the seed unless they have seen and tasted the fruit from
which they were taken. It is proper, at least, not to trust to
seeds which have not been collected by judicious persons. Some
make it a rule to preserve always the seeds of those individual
specimens which are first ripe, and even to take them from
the ripest side of the fruit. A criterion of the goodness and
probable fertility is generally sought by throwing them into a
vessel containing water ; such as sink are considered as good,
and likely to prove fertile, and those that float imperfect. It
is remarked of seeds brought from the Continent, that they
must have more bottom heat, and the young plants less water,
than are necessary for seeds ripened in this country, or young
plants sprung from these."
The culture of the melon is an object of emulation among
gardeners, and the fruit of the best sorts have a peculiarly rich
flavour, thought by some to bear some resemblance to that of
the pine-apple. " Ripe fruit," Abercrombie observes, " may
be had by forcing at any season, but the main crops, raised for
the general demand, are seldom cut, at the earliest, before May,
and the last succession mostly ceases to yield fruit after October."
" To ripen the best largest fine kinds," M'Phail observes, " as
great an atmospherical heat, and a bottom heat to its roots
also, is required as is sufficient to ripen the pine-apple in this
country ; but as the melon is produced from an annual plant,
the seeds of which must be sown every year, it requires a dif-
ferent mode of culture. Different methods of culture, and various
kinds of earth and of manures have been recommended and
used successfully in rearing of melons. The great thing, after
planting, is to give them plenty of atmospherical heat, and a
sufficiency of external air, and water. Those methods which
are most simple and the least expensive, and best calculated to
assist in making a suitable climate for the melon to grow in
and ripen its fruit well, should be preferred."
Soil. — Abercrombie says " The melon will succeed in any
unexhausted loam, rich in vegetable rudiments, with a mixture
of sand, but not too light. The following is a good compost :
two-thirds of top-spit earth from a sheep common, adding sharp
sand, if the earth contains little or none, till half is sand ; one-
sixth of vegetable mould; and one-sixth of well-consumed
horse-dung. Or, if the earth is not obtained from a pasture,
rotted sheep-dung may be substituted for the last. The ingre-
dients should have been incorporated and pulverized by long
previous exposure and turning over. The compost should be
dried under shelter before it is used, and warmed in the frame
8
CUCURBITACE,E. IV. CUCUMIS.
for potting." M'Phail says, " Melons will grow and produce
fruit of a good flavour, if they be planted in any kind of earth,
not of too light a texture, whether it be taken from a quarter
of the kitchen garden or from a corn-field, mixed well with
good rotten dung ; but earth of a loamy nature is the best,
because it retains moisture longer than lighter earth. Earth, dug
from the surface of a common, where sheep and cattle have
long been pastured, is excellent for the melon. It should be
broken well, and lie a few months before it is used, and if it be
exposed to a winter's frost it will do it good. This sort of
earth, if it be taken from the surface of the common, will re-
quire no manure the first year of using. I would here mention
that unless the earth which I used for the melon plants was
very strong, I made it a practice, when the melon-beds were
wholly earthed up, to tread the surface all over, which makes
the earth retain its moisture longer than if it were left loose."
Earth for melons, according to Nicol, " may be thus composed :
one-half strong brown loam from a pasture, a quarter light
sandy earth, an eighth part vegetable mould of decayed tree
leaves, and an eighth part rotten stable-yard dung. The mould
for both cucumbers and melons should be well incorporated,
should be exposed to frost, and be frequently turned over to
ameliorate." It appears from a passage in Morier's second
journey into Persia, p. 147., that pigeons' dung has from time im-
memorial been much sought after for manuring melons. Immense
pigeon-houses are built on purpose to collect it, and when there
is a dearth, as melons produce the earliest return of food, every
one is eager to cultivate them, and that kind of manure, being
then in great demand, sells very high. During the famine in
Samaria, mentioned in 2 Kings, ch. vi. it is said to have sold
for five pieces of silver the cub.
A correspondent in the gard. mag. 2. p. 404. on melon
compost, and on the influence of soil on Hydrangea hortensis,
has always used for his melons the compost to which the Dutch so
strongly adhere, viz. one-third strong hazel loam, one-third scour-
ing of ditches, and one-third rotten dung, exposing the mixture
two years to the influence of the summer and winter, to evaporate
what noxious qualities may lurk in the earths: for it is well known,
that in proportion to the degree of salt of iron, it will be propor-
tionably sterile. He had often observed the leaves of his melon
plants turn yellow, occasionally plants died, for which he could
not account ; he suspected iron, as it pervaded his district, to be
the cause ; but as a magnet would not take up any of the com-
post, his attention was diverted from that point. Similar results
in future seasons again called his attention to it, and he added
lime, to correct the sulphate of iron, if any ; but he lost his
whole crop, which he fancied by the application of the lime.
As during winter a red oxide filtered from the compost heap,
he again felt certain of the presence of iron. He submitted the
compost to the test of burning, and having by that means got
rid of the superabundant carbon, the magnet immediately de-
tected the iron. He changed his soil, and has never lost since
any melon plants. The experiment proves that the old test of
the loadstone may be defeated by the presence of other adherent
matter ; for though it was inactive over the cold soil, it acted
in full force upon the soil when, by roasting, it had discharged
its gas. While a profitable experiment resulted on the one hand,
a great amusement occurred on the other, with some greenhouse
plants. He mixed the compost fresh from the ditch with water,
and found a precipitation of iron. He used the soil and water
to Hydrangea hortensis, a cutting from the common pink variety,
and it so altered the pink colour of the flower to purple, as to
form a new plant. He applied the same to other plants, in
some of which it altered the colour of the flowers, but in others
it had no effect.
Estimate of sorts. — Examine the list. The cantaloups are in
the highest estimation for quality and neatness, although not
uniformly such great bearers as others in the list.
Time of beginning to force. — " From the time of sowing,
ripe fruit may be cut in about fifteen weeks, as an average
period ; when many short and winter days fall in the course, it
may last eighteen weeks; but when the forcing is not commenced
until the clays are nearly twelve hours long, and continually
lengthening, ripe fruit is sometimes cut in ten weeks. The pe-
riod also depends upon the sort. Little time is gained by begin-
ning excessively early. The early and main crops are commonly
originated from the middle of January to the first week of Fe-
bruary, the latter or succession crops at the beginning of March ;
and late crops, intended to fruit at the end of summer, in the
middle of April. M'Phail and Nicol sow in January. " The
latter says, " I formerly cut melons for three years successively
on the 15th, 12th, and 10th of May, and never sowed before
the last week of January or 1st of February. In 1788, when
at Rainham Hall in Norfolk, I sowed melons on the 12th of
March, and cut ripe fruit on the 20th of May. The kind was
the Early golden cantaloup. This shows how little is to be
gained, or rather how much may be lost by early forcing."
Forming the seed-bed. — The plants may be originated in a
cucumber-bed, and this is the general practice ; but Abercrom-
bie prefers a separate bed, built a slight degree higher than
for the cucumber at the same season, and adapted to a one or
two-light frame, according to the quantity to be raised." Nicol
raises the melon almost exactly in the same manner as he does
the cucumber.
Choice of seed. — " Seed under the age of two years is apt to
run too much to vine, and show more male than female
blossoms ; but new seed may be mellowed by being carried in
the pocket a fortnight or more, till the heat of the body has
dried and hardened it Seed 20 years old has been known
to grow and make fruitful plants, but seed that has been kept
3 or 4 years is quite old enough, and less likely to fail than
older." M'Phail says it is best not to sow melon seed till it be
2 or 3 years old. It cannot be too old if it be sound and
grow well. Nicol says, " I have sown melon seeds 20 years
old, from which I have raised very healthy and fruitful plants."
Kal. p. 396. Miller and Nicol say young melon seeds may be
worn in the pocket, near the body, for several months previous
to sowing, which has the effect of fully maturing them. " If
seeds of the last season," Nicol observes, " be sown without
taking this precaution, or something similar, the plants will not
be fruitful, but will run much to vine, and show chiefly male
blossoms." — Kal. p. 396.
Sowing. — Abercrombie says, " Having moulded the bed,
and proved the heat, sow in pans 3 inches or pots 4 inches deep,
rather than in the earth of the bed. Sow a second portion in
5 or 7 days, to provide against failure. Do not at once plunge
the pots to the rims." — Pr. gard. p. 108.
Treatment till removed to the fruiting-pit. — " As soon as the
plants appear, give air cautiously, guarding the aperture with
matting at night and on frosty or gloomy days. At favourable
opportunities wipe the condensed steam from the glasses. When
the seed-leaves are about half an inch broad, prick the plants
into small pots, 5 inches in diameter, 3 in each pot, giving a
little aired water just to their roots, then plunge the pots into
the earth of the hot-bed partially or to the rims, according to
the heat. Admit fresh air every day in moderate weather, at
the upper end of the lights, raised an inch or two, according to
the temperature of the external air, more freely when sunny than
cloudy, shutting closer or quite close as the afternoon advances
towards the evening, or sooner, if the weather changes cuttingly
cold, and cover the glasses every night with mats, and uncover
in the morning, as soon as the sun is high enough to reach the
CUCURBITACE.E. IV. CUCUMIS.
9
frames. Give occasionally a very light watering, when the
earth appears dry. As the plants advance into the first rough
leaves, the first runner-bud in the centre should be stopped,
by cutting or pinching the top off, close to the first or second
joint, an operation which strengthens the plants, and promotes
a lateral issue of fruitful runners. Be careful to support a
regular tenor of heat in the bed, by laying first an outward
casing of straw-litter round the sides, to defend it from the
weather ; afterwards, if the heat declines, remove the above
casing, and apply a moderate lining of hot dung to one or
more of the sides. In matting at night, be careful not to drive
the rank steam of the linings into the beds, by letting the ends
of the mats hang down."
Fruiting-bed. — Form it as directed for the cucumber-bed, but
6 inches deeper. M'Phail says, " 4 feet high, and after it has
stood about a week, tread it down, and make it level, and set
the frames upon it."
Moulding the bed. — Abercrombie directs to " mould it by
degrees to 8, 10, or 12 inches' depth, first laying the compost
in little hills of that thickness, one under each light, with the
intervals earthed only 2 or 3 inches for the present, till the
general heat is moderated." M'Phail lays in, under each light,
a small hill of earth about 1 foot high.
Planting. — When the earth of the hills is warmed by the heat
of the bed, and the plants have leaves 2 or 3 inches broad,
or have begun to push lateral runners, turn them out of the pots,
with the ball of earth entire ; set a ball containing one plant in
the middle of each hill, inserted clean over the ball ; or set at
most 2 plants under the centre of a large light. After planting,
give a gentle watering over the hills and round the roots,
avoiding to wet the shanks of the plants ; shut down the glasses
close, till the heat and steam arise, then give air moderately.
Extend a slight shade over the glasses in the middle part of
warm summer days, if the plants shrink or flag their leaves
before fully rooted in the hills, which they will be in 2, 3, or 4
days after planting."
Temperature. — " The melon requires a minimum heat of about
65° from the time of germination till the fructification, and the
heat of about 75° to fruit in." — Abercrombie. M'Phail, as
appears from the table in his " Gardener's Remembrancer,"
kept his melon and cucumber frames at the same temperature ;
stating, that if any person kept melon or cucumber plants in
the same degrees of heat, they will not fail of success. Nicol's
medium heat for melons is 70°. The proper temperature must
be kept up by repeated linings, at least till the middle of July.
After that, sun-heat may suffice to ripen the crop. Till this
season the greatest care is necessary not to burn or overheat
the plants. M'Phail says, " examine daily with your hand the
heat of the bed, pushing your fingers into the dung imme-
diately under the hills of earth in which the plants grow ; and if
you find the heat likely to be too powerful, pour cold water all
round the bottom of the hills of earth, to lower the heat of
the bed. Remember this must be daily attended to till the
heat of the bed be so declined in the middle, that the roots of
the plants be in no danger of being hurt by the heat of the
dung under them. In case this necessary precaution has been ne-
glected, till the heat immediately under the stems of the plants has
become too hot, pour plenty of water 80° warm round about the
sides of the hills in which the plants grow, and among the stems of
the plants, which will bring the earth and dung immediately under
the plants to the same degree of heat as the water which is
poured into it. When the heat in the middle of the bed be-
comes so cool that there is no fear of its being too great for
the roots of the plants, watering that part of the bed to keep
the burning heat down of course must cease, and as the roots
of the plants extend, earth may be added to the hills. As
VOL. III.
soon as the heat of the bed declines, linings must be applied
to it, which will set it into a fresh fermentation, and then the
surface upon the bed must be examined occasionally, by push-
ing the hand into it in different parts, and when a burning heat
is felt, pour in some water as before directed. In this way you
should persevere, still keeping a strong heat in the linings.
Remember that the surface of the bed all round about the hills
should be left uncovered with earth, and the dung should be
loosened occasionally, to let the heat rise freely to nourish the
plants." In July, " melons will do without heat in the linings,
but I found by experience that they do best by keeping a heat
in the linings all the summer. If a heat be kept on constantly
in the linings, and the plants watered sufficiently, they will
continue to produce fruit till the middle of October."
Air. — As long as weak steam is perceived to rise from the
bed, leave an aperture, even at night, for it to escape ; guard-
ing against the influx of cold air by a curtain of matting.
Admit fresh air to the plants by tilting the glasses more or less
at the most favourable hours in a dry day. After the bed has
come to a sweet heat, shut down close at night. As the fruit
enlarges, it becomes more necessary to seize every proper
opportunity of admitting air ; raising the lights from 1 to 4
inches, according to the season, the heat of the bed, and tem-
perature of the external air, shutting close if that should turn
cold, and always timely towards evening. As confirmed summer
approaches, admit air still more freely. Nicol says, " air should
be freely admitted, though not in such quantity as for the cu-
cumbers, which do not require so high a temperature as melons
do. In sunshine, however, the mercury in the thermometer
should be kept down, by the admission of air to about 80° or
75°." M'Phail says, " look into your melon-pits in the morn-
ing, and if there is a dew on them, standing like beads round
the edges of the young leaves, it is a good sign ; but if there is
no dew on them, in the form I have described, they are not
in a very prosperous condition. The air in the frames is not
sweet ; they either want water or sprinkling of water, or else
the heat of the air in the frames is too great in the night. In
hot weather melons are better to have air left at them all night,
and in very warm weather to take the glasses entirely off in the
evening, and put them on again in the morning : by this means
the plants will get refreshment from the dew in the night."
Water. — After the plants are placed on the hills, give oppor-
tunely gentle waterings, increasing them as the season and the
growth of the plants advance. " Water circumspectly and
scantily while the fruit is setting or young in growth, as
too much moisture would make it decay. Take a warm morn-
ing for watering before the middle of May ; in summer the
afternoon or evening. Use soft water warmed to the air of the
frame, and let as little as possible fall on the setting or new set
young fruit ; nor much near the main head of the plants, for
fear of rotting that part. Shut down the lights after watering
for a short time ; and if in the morning part, and a strong sun,
spread a mat over, to prevent the sun from injuring the plants
by acting on the water lodged on the spray of the leaves. As a
strong steam will now arise, remove the mats in an hour or two,
and raise the glasses at the top, to give vent to the steam and
give air to the plants. As the fruit becomes nearly ripe, lessen
the quantity of water given, barely keeping the 'plant from
flagging, and withhold water when the fruit begins to turn
colour." Nicol says, " water once in 4 or 5 days in the after~
noon, watering over the foliage. Repeat the waterings oftener,
as the season and the growth of the plants and fruit advance, in
order to swell them out the better." — Kalendar, p. 387. M'Phail
says, " If the weather is warm and dry, the melons will pro-
bably sometimes require water twice a week ; if the weather
is wet and cloudy, they will not require it so often," — Gard.
C
10
CUCURBITACE^E. IV. CUCUMIS.
Rem. p. 300. Knight, finding that the leaves of melons sus-
tained great injury from the weight of the water falling from
the watering-pot, pours the water on the tiles which cover the
surface of the bed. See Training.
Earthing. — Perform this operation as directed for the cu-
cumber, after the heat of the dung has become moderate, earth-
ing up by degrees the intervals between the hills, till the depth
of tlie earth becomes equal. Eight or ten inches' depth of earth
M'Phail states- to be enough for the roots of the plants to run
in, provided the bed or fermenting mass beneath be made of
leaves of trees, or of dung well prepared ; for if the bed under
the earth be in a good state, the roots will grow into it,
and draw from thence considerable nourishment to the plants.
The roots of the melon do not naturally run deep, they extend
horizontally not far from the surface, especially in forcing frames,
where the moist warm air is more confined than in the open
atmosphere. — Gard. Rem. p. 63. In early forcing, leave un-
filled up with earth a space of about 7 or 8 inches wide, against
the inside of the frames, immediately adjoining the hot linings.
" By this method the heat of the linings do more powerfully
warm the air in the frames, than if the earth was made level
home to the sides of the boards of the frames to which the
linings adjoin. But if melons be not planted earlier than the
month of May, this precaution need not be attended to, unless
the weather prove uncommonly cold, and but little sunshine."
Training. — As the plants advance into the first runners, 3 or
four joints in length, if no fruit be shown, stop them at the
third joint, in order that they may produce fruitful laterals ;
and as the runners extend, train them over the surface of the
bed with neat pegs. Many of these runners, as the plant pro-
ceeds, will show embryo fruit at the joints ; but a great many
barren ones are occasionally produced, and hence it becomes
necessary to regulate them. Abercrombie says, " cut out the
superabundant, unfruitful, or evidently useless shoots, especially
the very weak and most luxuriant, for the middle-sized are the.
most fertile." Nicol says, " melons should be kept moderately
thin of vines, though not so thin as cucumbers (the foliage
being smaller), which should never be much lopped at one time,
as they are also apt to bleed. All bruised, damped, or decayed
leaves should be carefully picked off as they appear, and the
plants should be kept clear from weeds, or any rubbish that
may be conveyed into the frames by wind or otherwise.
M'Phail directs to " cut out from the melon-frames all super-
fluous or decaying shoots. Stop shoots a joint or two before
the fruit, and also cut off the ends of the long running slioots
immediately before showing fruit, if there is a leading shoot
coming out by the side of it ; for you ought to remember always
in pruning melons, that a fruit will not swell well except there
be a growing shoot before it ; and this shoot, which is called a
leader, because it leads or draws the sap from the roots to and
past the fruit, should be stopped before a joint, that will, if
the plant is in good health, sprout out again. Do not let your
plants get too full of leaves, and cut off the oldest and worst
leaves first. - This ought to be done at least once or twice a
week, by which method they will be nearly always in a medium
state of thinness, and the plants and fruit will derive advantages
which they would be deprived of were they suffered to become
over-crowded with leaves and shoots, and then a great many
cut out at one time. If melons are of a large kind, no more
than one or two should be left on a plant to swell off at one
time ; if smaller three or four fruit may be left." — Gard. Rem.
p. 278. Knight, in an ingenious and philosophical paper on
the culture of the melon, states " that his crops of melons
failed, because watering over the foliage, pruning, weeding, &c.
had removed the leaves, on the extended branches, from their
proper position, and these leaves, being heavy, broad, slender
and feeble, on long footstalks, were never able to regain it.
In consequence, a large portion of that foliage which pre-
ceded or was formed at the same period with the blossoms, and
which nature intended to generate sap to feed the fruit, became
diseased and sickly, and consequently out of office, before the
fruit acquired maturity." To remedy this defect, the plants
were placed at greater distances from each other, viz. one plant
of the Salonica variety, to each light of 6 feet long by 4 feet
wide. The earth was covered with tiles, and the branches
trained in all directions, and hooked down over them with pegs.
They were thus secured from being disturbed from their first
position, the leaves were held erect, and at an equal distance
from the glass, and enabled, if slightly moved from their proper
position, to regain it. " I, however, still found that the leaves
sustained great injury from the weight of the water falling from
the watering-pot ; and I therefore ordered the water to be
poured from a vessel of a proper construction, upon the brick
tiles, between the leaves without at all touching them, and thus
managed, I had the pleasure to see that the foliage remained
erect and healthy. The fruit also grew with very extraordinary
rapidity, ripened in an unusually short time, and acquired a
degree of perfection which I had never previously seen. As
soon as a sufficient quantity of fruit, between 20 and 30 pounds
on each plant, is set, I would recommend the further produc-
tion of foliage to be prevented, by pinching off the lateral shoots
as soon as produced, wherever more foliage cannot be exposed
to the light. No part of the full grown leaves should ever be
destroyed ; however distant from the fruit and growing on a
distinct branch of the plant, they still contribute to its support ;
and hence it arises, that when a plant has as great a number of
growing fruit upon part of its branches, as it is capable of
feeding, the blossoms upon other branches,, which extend in an
opposite direction, prove abortive." — Loud, encycl. gard. p. 618.
Setting. — " As the fruit bearers come into blossom, you may-
assist the setting of the fruit, by impregnating some of the female
blossoms with the male flowers, as described for the cucumber.
The melon, however, will also set naturally, and produce fertile
seeds, if the time of fructification fall at a season when the
glasses can be left almost constantly open." — Abercrombie.
Nicol says, " he has proved experimentally, that melons not
impregnated will not swell off so fair and handsome as im-
pregnated ones, and, therefore, considers it more necessary to
attend to this operation in melons than in cucumbers. There-
fore let nature be assisted in this work, considering that she is
more under restraint here than if the plants grew in the open
air, where the wind, insects, and other casualties, might be
helped."— Kalend. p. 384.
Care of fruit. — " As the fruit increases to the size of a walnut,
place a flat tile or slate under each to protect it from the damp
of the earth ; the slab thus interposed will also assist the fruit
to ripen, by reflecting the rays of the sun." — Abercrombie.
M'Phail says, " The fruit should lie upon dry tiles. When
the fruit is young, it is better to have a gentle shade of leaves,
but when it is full swelled, it should be entirely exposed to the
sun." Nicol advises placing the fruit on bits of slate or glass
some time before it begins to ripen, as the flavour might else
be tainted, but by no means slate or moss the whole surface of
the bed, lest you encourage the red spider. Think on the re-
flection of the sun upon the slates or tiles, in hot weather par-
ticularly, and of his additional force in shining through glass.
It is more consonant to the nature of the plants that they be
trained on the earth. By mossing the surface, the indolent may
find a pretext, as it no doubt, in some measure, lessens the
labour of watering. But it is wrong to do so, in so far as it har-
bours and encourages the breeding of various insects, and as the
fruit approaches to maturity, taints it with an unpleasant effluvia."
CUCURBITACE^E. IV. CUCUMIS.
11
Time of maturation. — " The interval between the setting of the
fruit and perfect maturity is generally from 30 to 40 days ; but
the plants in the same bed, and the vines on the same plant,
often show some difference in the time of reaching maturity." —
Abercrombie.
Cutting the fruit, — " Ripe melons are distinguished by their
full size ; sometimes by turning yellowish, more constantly by
imparting an agreeable odour, often by the base of the footstalk,
close to the fruit, cracking in a little circle. On these indica-
tions, the fruit should be cut before too mellow or dead ripe,
that it may eat with a lively sharp flavour. The morning is the
time for cutting." Melons, Nicol observes, " if allowed to
remain on the plant till they be of a deep yellow colour (which
many do) lose much of their flavour. They should, therefore,
be cut as soon as they begin to change to a greenish yellow, or
rather, as soon as they begin to smell ripe. They may lie in
the frame for a day or two, if not immediately wanted, where
they will acquire sufficient colour. But if they are let remain
many days in the frame, they will become as insipid as if they
had been left too long on the plant."
Saving seed. — " The ordinary mode is to request the seeds of
particularly fine fruits, of approved sorts, to be returned from
table. The best way, however, is to pick some of the best
ripe fruit, take out the seed, clean it from the pulp, and let it
be well dried and hardened, and then put it up in paper." —
Abercrombie. Nicol says, " wash it very clean, skimming off"
the light seeds, as those only that sink in water will grow." —
Kal. p. 3!J6. Great care must be taken that the sorts, from
which seeds are saved, are genuine and distinct. When different
sorts are planted in the same frame, this cannot be the case.
Second crop from the same plants. — " When the fruit of the
first crop is off, a second crop may be obtained from the stools,
which often proves more productive than the first. If the first
crop is taken before the middle of June, the second will come
in at a very good time. For this purpose, as soon as the fruit
is cut, prune the plant, shorten the vigorous healthy runners at
a promising joint. At the same time take off" all decayed leaves,
stir the surface of the mould, and renew it partially by 3 inches'
depth of fresh compost. Water the plant copiously, shutting
down the glasses for the night. Shade in the middle of hot
days, and give but little air until the plants have made new
radicles and shoots. Afterwards repeat the course of culture
above described, from the stage when the first runners are sent
out till the fruit is cut." Nicol says, " When all the fruit of
the first crop are cut, suppose in 3 or 4 weeks, the plants may
be pruned for the production of a second crop, equal and
perhaps superior to the first. They should be cut pretty much
in, in order to cause them to push plenty of new vines, which
will be very fruitful, observing always to cut at a joint of some
promise, and to thin out all decayed or unhealthy vines, dead
leaves, &c. Observe also to cut an inch or two above the joint
you expect to push, and then to bruise the end of the stem so
lopped with the thumb and finger, which will, in a great mea-
sure, prevent it from bleeding. The plants should be shaded
from the mid-day sun for a week or ten days, exposing them
to his full rays by degrees. Now, also, let the mould in the
frame be well watered, in order to put the roots in a state of
active vegetation; point over the surface with a small stick,
or little wedge, and cover the whole with about 2 inches of
fresh mould. This will greatly encourage the plants, and cause
them to make new fibres near the surface. At this period air
need not be admitted very freely, especially while the glasses
are covered, but rather as it were endeavour to force the plants
into new life. After they begin to shoot, water, admit air,
prune, train, and otherwise manage the plants as before directed.
If the season be fine, they may yield you a third crop by a
repetition of the above rules, coming in in September, which
might be very gratifying. I once had 52 full-sized fruit pro-
duced in a 3-light frame, a second crop, and two dozen on a
third ofFthe same plants, the early golden cantaloupe. Of the
first crop 26 fruit, two were cut the" 10th of May. Thus, a
3-light box produced, in one season 102 full matured melons."
M'Phail says " if you intend to have melons as long as there
is a sufficiency of sun to ripen them tolerably well, you had best
put linings of warm dung to some of your beds. These, if
applied in time and kept on, will cast fresh heat into the beds,
and, with other necessary assistance, the plants will grow as
long as you want them."
Plan of obtaining a second crop of melons. — " When the first
crop of fruit is nearly gathered, cuttings are taken from the
extremities of the shoots which show the most fruit ; these are
cut off close under the second advanced joint, or about the fifth
leaf from the top ; the two largest leaves at the bottom of the
cutting are taken off, and thus prepared, are inserted in 24-
sized pots, two in each pot, in light rich soil, gently shaken down.
After being watered, the pots are placed in a 1 -light frame, on
a hot-bed previously prepared, and plunged in the moder-
ately dry soil, with which it is covered. The frame is kept
close and shaded for a few days, and in a week the cuttings
will have struck root. The old melon-plants, with the soil in
which they grew, are now all cleared out of the frames, fresh
soil to the depth of 1 2 inches put in, and the beds well lined
with fresh dung. In 10 days from the time of inserting the
cuttings they will be ready to plant out, which is done in the
usual way. When the plants have pushed about 14 inches,
the end of. each shoot is pinched off, to cause them to produce
fresh runners, and the fruit which showed on the cuttings will
swell rapidly, and in 3 weeks after replanting the beds, abun-
dance of fine fruit may be expected. This way of getting a
second crop is far more certain than either pruning back the
old plants, or planting seedlings ; because cuttings grow less
luxuriantly, are less liable to casualties, and are much more
prolific." — Harrison ex Loud. gard. mag. 2. p. 414.
Cultivation of the Persian varieties of the melon. — T. A.
Knight (Hort. reg. no. 6. p. 263.) erected a small forcing-
house for the exclusive culture of this fruit, and grew them by
means of fire heat. This house consists of a back wall, nearly
nine feet high, and a front wall nearly 6 feet, inclosing a hori-
zontal space 9 feet wide and 30 feet long. The fire-place is at
the east end and very near the front wall ; and the flue passes
to the other end of the house, within 4 inches of the front wall,
and returns back again, leaving a space of 8 inches only be-
tween the advancing and returning course of it, and the smoke
escapes at the north-east corner of the building. The front
flue is composed of bricks laid flat, in order to give a temperate
permanent heat, and the returning one with them standing on
their edges, the usual way. The space between the flues is
filled with fragments of burnt bricks, which absorb much water,
and generally give out moisture to the air of the house. Air
is admitted through apertures in the front wall, which are 4
inches wide and nearly 3 in height, and which are situated level
with the top of the flues, and are 18 inches distant from each
other. The air escapes through similar apertures near the top
of the back wall. These are left open, or partially or wholly
closed, as circumstances require. Thirty-two pots are placed
upon the flues, each being 16 inches wide and 14 inches deep ;
but they are raised by a piece of stone or brick to prevent their
coming in actual contact with the flues. In each of these pots
one melon-plant is put, and afterwards trained upon a trellis,
placed about 14 inches distant from the glass, and each plant
is permitted to bear but one melon only. The height from the
ground at which the trellis is placed, is such as can be con-
12
CUCURBITACEjE. IV. CUCUMIS.
veniently walked under, to discover the appearance of red
spiders or other noxious insects ; and by this method two, and
even three crops may be obtained in one season. Being so
liable to burst, Mr. Knight raised the points of the fruit higher
than the stems, and not one failed to ripen in a perfect state ;
they were found to ripen very well hanging perpendicularly, but
the Ispahan grew very deformed.
Late crop on old hot-beds. — To ripen melons, not earlier than
the month of August, M'Phail " generally made beds of dung
which had first been used for linings to the early cucumber and
melon-beds. For this purpose, this kind of dung is better than
new dung, because it does not heat violently, and for a consider-
able time keeps its heat. Leaves of trees make very good
melon-beds, but they do not produce heat enough alone for
linings ; but of whatever materials melon-beds be made, the
air in the frames among the plants should be kept sweet and
strong, otherwise the plants will not grow freely. It may be
known whether the air be sweet or whether it be not, by putting
the head in under the lights and smelling it. But it frequently
happens to be difficult to bring dung-beds into a requisite state
of kindliness for these delicate plants, for if the dung by any
means get and retain too much water, before its noxious
vapours pass off by evaporation, it will stagnate and become
sour, and until these pernicious qualities be removed, which
requires time and patience, the plants will not grow kindly ; and
besides this, although corrupted, stinking air hinders the growth
of plants of the melon kind, it greatly promotes the health and
forwards the breeding of different kinds of insects, which feed
upon and otherwise hurt fruits and plants, and esculent veget-
ables of various kinds."
A method of growing the melon, adopted by Mr. Lovell, (Card,
mag. 7. p. 461.) varies in one or two very essential points
from any that he has seen practised ; first in well bedding and
firmly rooting the plants to support a good crop of fruit ; second
in early setting and preserving the first fruit, and forcing the
whole of the plants luxuriantly through the whole of the period
necessary for their maturity. To effect this he prepares his bed
with dung well watered and fermented, or tan, not wishing such
a strong heat as for cucumbers. He sows his seeds in pots,
in which the plants remain until they are turned into the hills,
leaving only 3 plants in each pot. These he places in the dung,
in order to start them as soon as the bed is made up, unless
there should be another bed in use at the same time. As soon
as the second rougli leaf appears, he puts a hill of good melon
soil under each light, composed of good loam and turf, adding
a sixth part of good rotten dung, well mixed with the spade,
but not sifted. This he waters if dry, and treads in the
hills firmly, making a hole in the centre, and turning out a
pot of plants with the ball entire into each hole. Should the
weather be very warm, he waters them overhead abundantly,
and in the space of a fortnight they will have grown to four
or five joints each : he then stops them down to three joints.
By this time the heat of the bed will have become reduced to
such a temperature as to allow of moulding up the plants, well
heading in and watering as you proceed. As the plants will
at this time be strongly rooted, and in vigorous growth, in the
course of three days they will have pushed a strong shoot from
each of the three eyes in a horizontal direction, and they will
seldom fail of showing fruit at the first joint ; you may rely at
least on two out of three of these fruits setting. Before the
fruit comes to blossom, the bed must be covered 1^ inch thick
with dry sand, but mould will do, and do not water the bed
any more for at least 3 weeks. This prevents the newly
formed fruit from turning yellow and damping off. All shoots
that appear, except the three above mentioned, must be removed.
As these shoots will show fruit at the first or second joint, if
such fruit be set and taken care of, it will be three parts grown
before the vines will have reached the outside of the bed, arriv-
ing at perfection in nearly half the time it would have done if
the vines had been left in confusion. Particular care must be
taken in pruning, never to stop the three shoots that bear the
fruit, nor yet the lateral ones produced from the same joint as
the fruit. These lateral shoots will show fruit at the first joint,
which fruit must be preserved until the other is swelling, then
take off this lateral shoot, but do not stop the vine. But should
any accident happen to the other fruit, the shoot bearing it
must be taken off, and the lateral shoot treated as a main one,
when the fruit on it will swell accordingly ; and all the laterals
that spring from the main shoot must be stopped, leaving one
joint and leaf only.
On the cultivation of the melon. — 3. Holland (Gard. mag. 7.
p. 575.) plants off his seedlings singly in 60-sized pots, and
when sufficiently advanced in growth they are stopped so near
the seed-leaf, as only to admit of them throwing out 2 lateral
shoots, and when these principal leaders extend to 2 or 3 joints,
they are finally planted out into frames or pits, having the bot-
tom heat arranged according to the advanced state of the spring
months. Five melons were produced by a plant set in the
centre of a two-light frame in the beginning of May, upon an
old bed that had been previously employed for raising radishes.
A dung lining was added to the back and one end of the frame,
which was all the artificial heat the plant received, one vine
was trained to the back and the other to the front of the frame.
His practice is never to stop the vines until they have extended
as far as their confinement will permit, and the laterals from the
two leading vines, as they advance in growth, are trained to the
right and left over the bed with neat pegs, and every fruit blos-
som, as it expands, is carefully impregnated and placed upon a
tile under the shade of a neighbouring leaf. In a day or two,
or as soon as he thinks the fruit will set, he stops the vine at
the first or second joint beyond it. In this way he proceeds,
in setting all the fruit he can, until the surface of the bed is
covered with foliage, which is never deranged more than can be
avoided. While the fruit is setting, he gives air very freely,
sometimes he draws the lights quite off for a few hours on sunny
days, and he also, by applying or withholding heat or water,
endeavours to keep them in a state betwixt luxuriance and de-
bility, for in either extreme they will not set well. Having
advanced thus far, he commences swelling them off. He begins
this with pinching off all the ends of the lateral shoots that
have not already been stopped to assist the young fruit. He
now gives no more air than will prevent the sun from scorching
their leaves. He looks over them every morning, and takes off
all the blossoms as they appear, and stops every young shoot
back to one joint above that of the vine which produces it. He
watches over them every afternoon in fine weather, and before
the sun has quite left the frame, he syringes or waters them all
over, leaves, fruit, and all, and shuts down the glasses for the
night. He always prefers performing this while the departing
rays of the sun have sufficient strength to raise a sweet vaporous
heat of about 90°, which serves them to feast upon long after
the sun has disappeared. A few days of such treatment will
determine which fruit will take the lead in swelling off, out of
which he selects 2 or 3 to each plant, according to the sort,
and all the rest he cuts away. As the fruit advances in growth,
it is necessary at intervals to turn them a little on the tiles, to
prevent them from growing flat, and discolouring on one side,
and also from rotting. When they have attained as large a size
as he thinks the sort will admit, he leaves off watering, and
again gives all the air he can, by taking the lights entirely off
when the weather is favorable ; and if the season is not too
far advanced, he leaves them to ripen without any other assist-
CUCURBITACE.E. IV. CUCUMIS.
13
ance. For an early crop of melons, he grows the small early
cantaloup, 1 plant in a light when the frame is narrow, and 2
if wide, with 2 or 3 fruit on each plant, which in general
weigh from 2 to 3 pounds each. He succeeds these with the
scarlet and green-flesh, planted and trained as above, the pro-
duce of which is from 2 to 6 pounds. His principal crop is,
however, from the black rock, which he has grown of all sizes
up to 13 j Ibs. weight; the plants are much more hardy than
many other sorts, it is a good bearer, the fruit handsome, and
the flavour excellent. The sort which he grew so large was
originally from France, and in its primeval state was a rock ;
but it lias lately been strongly impregnated with the scarlet flesh,
which fruit it now resembles in all its characters, except in
growing much larger. The largest melon weighed 24-| Ibs.
The above is Mr. Holland's general practice of cultivating the
melon, which practice he says he will still continue to adhere to
unless fully convinced he can adopt a better.
Insects and diseases. — To prevent melon plants from being
infested with insects or injured by diseases of any kind, no bet-
ter method can be adopted than to keep the plants constantly in
a healthy, vigorous, growing state ; for this purpose, M'Phail
observes, " they must be constantly attended to, giving them
plenty of heat and water. In warm weather in the spring and
the summer, they should be watered occasionally all over the
fruit and leaves, till the earth in which they grow be thoroughly
moistened, and a stronger heat than usual be kept in the frames
about the plants for a few hours ; also the lights should be shut
down every afternoon, with a good strong heat among the plants.
If there be sufficient moisture in the earth the greatest sun heat
in the afternoon will not hurt the plants, but it might scorch the
sides of the large fruit, exposed to the sun-beams operating
upon the glass, which should be guarded against. The frames
and lights should be kept clean and painted over once every
year. Melon plants are subject to be infested and hurt by the
mildew and by the canker. These diseases come upon them
because they are not in a good climate, they have not a suffi-
ciency of heat, or the dung and earth of the bed is in a stagnated
state. Melon plants are liable to be greatly injured by an insect
called the red spider, which increases surprisingly in hot dry
weather. As I said before, nothing will prevent plants from
the inroads of disease and insects but heat, sweet air, and a
sufficiency of water, which sweetens the atmosphere, and makes
it healthy for vegetables as well as for animals. And nothing
will eradicate disease and insects from melon plants but good
management, strong heat, and plenty of water given all over
them. Diseased plants, or plants much infested with insects,
cannot produce good healthy fruit. The mildew is a most
pernicious disease to all sorts of plants. On melons it gener-
ally makes its first appearance on the oldest leaves and on the
extremities of the young shoots. The cause of it, I apprehend,
is unhealthy nourishment comprehended in the elements, or their
not harmonising in the promotion of the growth of the plant ;
for by practitioners it may be observed, that when a dung hot-
bed gets into a stagnated sour state, the plants do not grow
kindly, the air in the frames is saturated with unhealthy parti-
cles, and so also must be the juices drawn into the plants by
their roots. These must breed diseases, if preventive means
be not applied. It cannot be reasonably supposed that plants
of a delicate nature will continue in a healthy state growing
upon aheap of stinking dung, and in confined air. When melon
plants have become diseased, or much infested with the red
spider, they should either be destroyed, or effectual means
used to cure them. To destroy the plants is easy ; to cure
them let the following methods be put in practice : get plenty of
horse-dung thrown up in a large heap, turn it over once or
twice, shaking and mixing it well, and let it lie till its rankness
be somewhat evaporated, and if there be linings at the beds,
take them entirely away, examine the dung of the beds, and if
it be wet and has a bad smell, take a sharp-pointed stake, and
make holes all round in the sides of the beds unto their centre,
in such a slanting way that the water may easily run out of
them ; then make a strong lining of the prepared dung all round
the beds, and by occasional augmentations, keep up the linings
nearly to a level with the surface of the earth in which the plants
grow. As soon as the linings have cast a strong heat into the
beds, scatter some flour of sulphur all over the plants, and keep
as strong a heat in the frames as the plants can bear ; a heat of
120° will not destroy them, if the steam of the linings be pre-
vented from getting in among the plants. Water the plants all
over their leaves about once a week, with clean water 100° warm,
and if the sun shine keep the lights close shut down all day,
and cover them up in the evenings, leaving a little air all night
at each light, to prevent a stagnation of air among the plants.
Continue this process till the mildew and the insects disappear,
and the plants appear to grow freely, and afterwards manage
them in the usual way, taking care to keep up a good strong
heat in the linings. This method sets the old stagnated bed in
a state of fermentation, which makes the moisture run out of
it, and dries it so, that water given to the plants has free liberty
to pass off. If the linings do not heat the air in the frames
sufficiently, let some of the earth in the inside all round the
sides of the boards be removed, to let the heat from the linings
rise freely in the frame."
• Culture of melons in a dung-pit. — " A glazed pit to receive
either stable-dung, leaves, or tanners' bark, is calculated to ripen
superior fine fruit. The well of the pit may be formed either
by a nine-inch wall, or by strong planking, a yard in depth,
from 6-8 feet wide, and in length from 10-20 feet or more as
required. A low glass-case is to be fitted to it, adapted to the
growth of the melon. Having raised the plants in a small seed-
bed, as for the frame crop, ridge them out into the pit in the
usual manner. Give the proper subsequent culture, and when
the strength of the fermenting mass begins to decline, add linings
outside the pit, if inclosed by boards, but if inclosed by a
nine-inch wall, cut away as much of the dung and earth within,
and throw it out, as will admit a lining of well-tempered dung."
— Abercrombie.
Culture of melons in a Jlued pit. — One such as that proper
for the nursing pinery is here understood ; and the plants being
raised in the usual way, and the bed, whether filled with dung,
tan, or leaves, or a mixture of these, being moulded, plant about
the end of July. Nicol prefers for such late crops " the early
golden cantaloup, the orange cantaloup, and the netted canta-
loup, planting a part of the pit with each." A very mild bottom
heat is sufficient for the purpose here in view ; and if the pit
has been occupied in forcing asparagus, French-beans, or straw-
berries, on a bark, or a bark and dung, or on a bark and leaf
heat, it will require no other preparation than to be stirred up
and have a little fresh materials added, keeping the fresh bark,
dung, or leaves well down, and finishing the bed with some of the
smallest and best reduced. When it has settled a few days, let
it be moulded all over to the thickness of 12 or 15 inches; pre-
viously laying on a little more of the above small materials, in
order to keep the plants well up to the glass, as the bed will
fall considerably in the settling. It should be formed, and the
mould should be laid on in a sloping manner from back to front,
so as in some measure to correspond with the glasses. All
being ready for the plants, they may either be planted in a row,
in the middle of the pit, at 2 feet apart, or may be planted in
4 rows at 4 feet apart ; or, if they have been planted in nursing,
3 in a pot ; plant in the centre of each light, as directed for
the common hot-bed, in March. Let them have a little water
14
CUCURBITACE^E. IV. CUCUMIS.
and be shaded from the sun for a few days, exposing them to
his rays by degrees. The future management of the plants dif-
fer in nothing from that of melons in a hot-bed till September,
when it will be proper to apply fire heat." — " About the begin-
ning of September it will be proper to apply fire heat, in order
to further the progress of late fruit, and to dry off damps. Let
the fires be made very moderate at first, however, and increase
their strength as the season becomes more cold and wet. Keep
the mercury up to 70° in the night, and in the day by the addi-
tion of air keep it down to about 80° or 75°. Very little water
will now suffice for the plants, as their roots will be fully esta-
blished, and be spread over the whole bed ; the heat of which
will also now have subsided. They should only, therefore, have
a little water once in 8 or 10 days, and as the fruit begin to
ripen off, entirely withhold it. Keep the plants moderately thin
of vines and foliage ; be careful to pick off all damped leaves
as they appear ; and fully expose the fruit to the sun as it
ripens, in the manner directed for melons in the hot-bed. In
this manner I have often had melons in October and November
fully swelled, and in good, but not of course in high perfection,
for want of sun to give them flavour. Any who have a pit of
this kind, however, for the forcing of early vegetables, straw-
berries, flowers, &c. cannot, perhaps, occupy it to a better pur-
pose in the latter part of the season, as the trouble is but little,
and the expence not worth mentioning."
Culture of melons in M'Phail's pit.- — -The inventor of this
pit says, " For the purpose of raising melons early, for many
years I cultivated them on a brick bed, on the same construc-
tion as that which I invented for rearing early cucumbers, ex-
cepting only that through the pit of each 3-light box I carried
no cross flues. When this bed was first set to work, I had the
pits filled level with the surface of the flues, with well fermented
dung or with the dung of old linings from the cucumbei-bed.
In each 3-light division I made the pit about 3 feet 6 inches
wide and 10 feet long, and 3 feet deep below the surface of the
flues. On the surface of the dung in the pits, I had laid about
10 inches thick of good earth, in a ridge of.-a*out 20 inches
wide, from one end of the pit to the other. When this was
done, I made a lining round the bed, and as soon as the earth
became warm, I set the plants into the ridge of the earth, and
gave them a little water, and kept a strong heat in the frames,
and filled up the pit gradually as the roots and plants extended
themselves." — " The dung or leaves of trees in the pit require
not to be changed every year, neither need the earth for the
plants be removed entirely every season, for by experience I
found it to do very well by digging, and mixing with it some,
fresh earth and manure in winter, and exposing it to the rains,
the frost, and the snow." — " In forcing melons early, the surface
of the cross flues, as well as the surrounding and outside ones,
should be kept bare of mould till the days of the spring get
long, which will let the heat of the linings arise freely through
the covers of the flues to warm the air among the plants. After
the cross flues are covered with earth, those which surround
each frame may be left uncovered till the month of May or
June." — Gard. rem. p. 64.
The culture in the brick bed is, in other respects, the same as
that already given for melons in frames, and cucumbers in brick
beds. See the monthly table of temperature under the cucumber.
Culture under hand-glasses. — " A successive or late crop, to
fruit in August and September, may be raised on hot-bed ridges
under hand-glasses. Sow in a hot-bed from the middle of
March to the middle of April. When the plants have been up
a few days, while in the seed-leaves, prick some into small pots,
two plants in each ; water and plunge them into a hot-bed,
managing as directed for the young frame plants, till the rough
leaves are from 2-4 inches long, and the plants ready to shoot into
runners. From the middle of March to the third week of May,
when the plants are a month or five weeks old, they will be fit to
ridge out under hand-glasses. With well-prepared stable-dung,
or, with a mixture of fermented tree-leaves, build the hot-bed four
feet wide and 2J feet thick, the length according to the number
of glasses intended, allotting the space of 4 feet to each. In a
week or ten days, or when the dung and leaves are brought to a
sweet or well-tempered heat, mould the bed 10 or 12 inches thick,
then place the glasses along the middle, and keep them close
till the bed has warmed the earth. The same, or next day,
insert the plants ; turn them out from the pots with the ball of
earth entire, and allotting plants for each glass, insert the ball
into the earth, clean down over the top, closing the mould about
the stems. Give a little water and place the glasses over close.
From about nine in the morning till three in the afternoon, of
the first two or three days, shade the plants till they have taken
root, when admit the sun more freely, yet only by degrees from
day to day, till they can bear it fully without flagging much.
Give air daily, in temperate weather, by tilting the edge of the
glasses on the south side, an inch or two ; but in the present
stage of the plants shut close at night. Cover with mats till
morning, constantly keeping the glasses over. Give occasional
moderate waterings with aired water. Cover in the day time
with mats in bad weather, or heavy or cold rains ; and continue
the night covering until confirmed summer in July. Meanwhile
attend to the heat of the bed ; if this be declined, so that the
minimum temperature be not 65° at night, with the aid of mat-
ting, line the sides with hot dung, covered with a layer of mould.
The revived heat from the linings will forward the plants in
fruiting, while the earth at top will enlarge the surface for the
runners, "and the bed for the roots. When the runners have
extended considerably and filled the^'glasses, they must be trained
out. Accordingly, at the beginning of June, in favourable
settled warm weather, train out the runners, cutting away
dwindling and useless crowding shoots ; then the glasses must
be raised all round, 2 or 3 1 inches, upon props to remain day
and night. " Cover with mats in cold nights and bad weather,
but first artli the bed over with rods or hoop-bands to sup-
port the "mats. Apply moderate waterings as necessary in the
morning or. afternoon. Oiled paper frames, formed either arch-
wise, or with 2 sloping sides, about 2 feet or 2-j feet high, and
of the width of the bed, are very serviceable in this stage.
Some persons use them from the first, under a deficiency of
hand-glasses. But the proper time for having recourse to them,
is when the plants have been forwarded in hand-glasses till the
runners require training out beyond the limits of the glasses,
some time in June ; then removing the glasses, substitute the
oiled frames, as these paper screens will entirely afford pro-
tection from heavy rains or tempests, as well as from nocturnal
cold, and also screen the plants from the excessive «heat of the
sun, while, being pellucid, they admit its influence of light and
warmth effectually. • Give proper admission of free air below,
and occasional watering. With respect, however, to the crop
for which no oiled paper frames have been provided, continue
the hand-glasses constantly on the bed, over the main head and
stem of the plants throughout the season, to defend those capital
parts from casual injuries by the weather. Throughout June,
and thence to the decline of summer, be careful, if much rain
or other unfavourable weather, or cold nights occur, to shelter
the beds occasionally, with an awning of mats or canvass, par-
ticularly when the plants are in blossom. Likewise turn in
some of the best full set exterior fruit under the glasses, or
some spare glasses might be put over the outside melons, to
forward them without check to maturity. Some will be ready
to cut in July, others in August, the more general time, and in
September ; they being generally, after setting, from 30-40 days
CUCUUBlTACEjE. IV. CUCUMIS.
15
in ripening. The crop coming in at the decline of summer
will not ripen well, unless guarded from cold at nights, and
assisted by linings. The fruit that do not ripen may be used
for mangoes.
" Wide ridge, or the fruiting-bed, may be made 6, 7, or 8
feet wide, for the plants to have an ample surface for their ex-
tending runners, defended either with a regular frame, and glasses
of proportionate dimensions, or a case formed of an inch and a
half boarding, ranged connectedly along both sides of the bed,
without any external cross divisions, other than top cross bars,
to stay the sides and support the glasses."
Method of growing crops of melons in the open borders. — The
modeof growing cucumbers on ridges of shallow beds of half-spent
dung in the open air, is well known to gardeners ; and in warm
situations melons may be grown in the same manner. The sorts
grown by Mr. Greenshields were the black rocks, green-fleshed,
netted, and early cantaloup. The seeds of the first crop were
sown about the middle of March, in pots in a cucumber-frame,
and the bed or ridge was prepared in the first or second week
in May, 4 feet wide, and 1 foot higher at the back or north
side than in front. Hand-glasses, with 2 or 3 plants in each,
are placed, 4 feet apart, aleng the centre of the bed. Very
little air is given till the plants have filled the glasses, but when
these appear to get crowded with vines, the glasses are raised
up, and the plants allowed to grow up in the manner of ridged
cucumbers. If the vines are very thick, a few of the weakest
may be pinched off, and the top of each leading shoot or vine
removed. No more pruning will be necessary for the season.
Setting the fruit at this season of the year is quite necessary.
To have handsome fruit, not more than one or two should be
left on the plant. They will begin to ripen about the first week
in August, and continue to be produced through that month and
part of September. To prolong the season, seeds may.be sown
three weeks later, planted out like the first crop, and when there
is appearance of frosty nights, -a cucumber-frame arrd sashes
may be placed over them. By this means tolerably good melons
may be had till the end of October. — Greenshields, ex Loud,
gard. mag. 3. p. 182.
There is another method of cultivating melons in the open
air ; that is, to raise a bed of old tan, and tramp it well and
firmly down, placing some stakes and boards behind to keep up
the tan, so that the bed may slope in front ; 6 inches of mould
should be placed on the tan, and the melon plants planted into
it. Grass or leaves may be placed at the back of the bed to
keep up the heat. The plants should be reared on a hot-bed.
Melon. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1597. Pl.tr.
2 C. DELICIOSDS (Roth. cat. 3. p. 307.) angles of leaves blunt;
fruit roundish-ovate, pubescent, with white, very fragrant flesh,
and a thin rind. O- F. Native of the East Indies, but now
cultivated in Spain. Perhaps only a variety of the common
melon.
Delicious Melon. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1818. Pl.tr.
3 C. SATIVUS (Lin. spec. 1437.) stems rough, bearing ten-
drils ; leaves cordate, obscurely 5-lobed, petiolate, terminal lobe
the largest ; flowers on short peduncles, largish, usually by
threes ; male flowers having the tube of the calyx tubularly-
campanulate, and with a spreading deflexed limb ; fruit long,
somewhat triquetrous, smooth or prickly, and usually shining,
wing the carpels distinctly separable in the inside. Q. F.
Native of Tartary and the East Indies. — Blackw. herb. t. 4. —
Lob. stirp. -303. f. 1. The cucumber is called Ketimou and
Timou by the .Hindoos. Flowers yellow, as in the rest of the
species.
The cucumber is called concombre in French ; gurke in Ger-
man ; and Cilriuolo in Italian ; it is a tender annual, a native of
the East Indies, and was introduced in 1573. It is a trailing
8
and climbing plant, with large, roundish, rough leaves, furnished
with tendrils, and if sown in the open air in May, produces
flowers from July to August. The cucumber is of nearly as
great antiquity as the vine, for Moses, the earliest Jewish author,
mentions it as abounding in Egypt when the children of Israel
were there, above 3000 years ago. (Numbers, chap, ii.) In
England it is cultivated generally and extensively in forcing
frames, and in the open air, and especially near large cities and
towns. " Not only gentlemen," as M'Phail observes, " but
almost every tradesman who has a garden and dung, have their
cucumber-frame." In Hertfordshire, whole fields are annually
seen covered with cucumbers, without the aid of dung or glass,
and the produce of which is sent to the metropolis for pickling.
In march, cucumbers fetch in the London market a guinea a
dozen; in August and September a penny a dozen. The village
of Sandy, in Bedfordshire, has been known to furnish 10,000
bushels of pickling cucumbers in one week.
Use. — The green fruit is used as salad ; it is also salted when
half grown ; and preserved in vinegar when young and small.
In Germany and Poland, barrels of half, and also full grown
cucumbers, are preserved from one year to another by immersion
in deep wells, where the uniform temperature and exclusion of
air seem to be the preserving agents.
Varieties. — The principal of these are as follow : —
List of cucumbers.
1 Early long prickly. — This fruit is from 5-7 inches long, of
a green colour, with few prickles. The plant is a good bearer,
and upon the whole this is the best cucumber for the general
summer crop, the flesh being very crisp and pleasant.
2 Largest green prickly. — From 7-10 inches long; it has a
dark green skin, closely set with small prickles. This is a hardy
sort, but does not come early.
3 Early short prickly. — Not more than 4 inches long ; the
skin green and rather smooth, but with a few small black
prickles. This, is one of the hardiest and earliest sorts, and is
often preferred for the first crop.
4 Dutch or white short prickly. — Though not much cultivated,
is recommended by some as preferable even to the early long
prickly; it has fewer s,eeds, is evidently different in taste from
most other cucumbers, but of agreeable flavour.
5 Cluster cucumber. — A very early sort ; the flowers appear
in clusters of 3 or 4 together; the fruit is seldom more than 5
inches long ; it is at first of a fine green colour, but becomes
yellowish as it ripens. The stems of this variety are much in-
clined to climb by means of their tendrils upon sticks ; the
leaves are small, and the plant altogether occupies but little room.
6 Smooth green Roman. — An early sort ; the fruit becomes
large and long, and is quite smooth ; the plants grow very strong,
and require a good deal of room.
7 White Turkey. — The stalks and leaves are larger than in the
other varieties ; the fruit also is very long, sometimes from 1 0-
15, or even 20 inches ; it is quite straight, and has a smooth
skin, destitute of prickles ; it is produced sparingly, and late in
the season.
8 Long green Turkey. — Sometimes sown for the late crop.
Late cucumbers, however, are much less cultivated than the
early varieties, most gardeners being of opinion, that those
kinds which are best for the early crop, are also best for the late.
9 Nipaul. — Fruit very large, usually weighs upwards of 12
Ibs., measures in girth 24 inches, and in length 17 inches ; flavour
pleasant, and esteemed for standing. It is a native of Nipaul,
from whence it was introduced to the botanical garden at Cal-
cutta ; but it is not likely that it ever will be much cultivated
in this country.
Culture. — The culture of the cucumber, as a table esculent,
16
CUCURBITACE.E. IV. CUCUMIS.
is chiefly carried on by artificial heat, and is therefore treated
of under that head. For pickling it is chiefly cultivated in the
open ground, by what is termed drilling. To have a crop in
the natural ground, the seed is sown in warm compartments of
rich earth, towards the end of May or beginning of June, when
the weather is settled, warm and dry. The plants should mostly
remain where sown, to produce late fruit towards the end of
July, or more generally in August and September ; small for
pickling, and in larger growth for ordinary consumption. Sow
a portion in a warm border, and the main crop in an open com-
partment. Dig the ground neatly even. Trace lines with in-
tervals of 5 or 6 feet ; and in the lines mark stations 3^ feet
distant, then with a trowel at each of these spots, form shallow
circular saucer-form cavities in the surface, 10 or 12 inches
wide and about an inch deep in the middle. Sow in the middle
of each cavity 8 or 10 seeds, half an inch deep. When the
plants are come up, and begin to put forth the first leaves in
the centre, thin them to 3 or 4 of the strongest in each hole.
Earth these up a little between and close round the stems,
pressing them a little asunder, and give them some water to
settle the earth below and above. In their advancing growth
train out the leading runners, supplying them with requisite
waterings in dry weather 2 or S times a-week, and sometimes
every day in very dry hot weather, in July, August, or Septem-
ber. At this season water early in the morning and late in the
afternoon towards evening."
Gathering. — " The crop comes in sometimes towards the end
of July, but more generally not before August in full produc-
tion ; continuing till about the middle or end of September,
when the plants decline. Be careful to gather the fruit in a
fine state both for pickling and other purposes. They must
be quite young for pickling, not exceeding 2 or 3 inches in
length." — Abercrombie.
Forcing cucumbers. — To produce cucumbers at an early
season, is an object of emulation with every gardener ; and
there is scarcely any person who has not a cucumber-bed in his
garden. We shall lay down a systematic view of the practices
of the most approved gardeners in the culture of this plant, as
has been our usual custom with other garden plants. Cucum-
bers are forced in hot-beds, pits, and hot-houses, and the heat
of fire, and warm water, and steam, and dung, have been applied
to their culture ; but dung, as the author last quoted observes,
is the only thing yet found out, by the heat of which the cu-
cumber may be advantageously cultivated.
Soil. — Cucumbers, like every other plant, will grow in any
soil, though not with the same degree of vigour, provided they
be supplied with a sufficiency of heat, light, water, and air.
For early forcing, Abercrombie recommends a mould or com-
post of the following materials : " One third of rich top-spit
earth, from an upland pasture, one-third of vegetable mould,
and one-sixth of well decomposed horse-dung, with a small
quantity of sand." M'Phail used vegetable mould made from
a mixture (accidental) of the leaves of elm, lime, beech, syca-
more, horse and sweet chestnut, spruce, and Scotch fir, walnut,
laurel oak, evergreen oak, ash, &c. and among them withered
grass and weeds of various kinds. " This vegetable mould,"
he says, " without a mixture of any thing besides, is what I
used for growing cucumbers in, and by experience I found it
preferable to any other moulds, earths, or composts whatever,
either in my new method of a brick bed, or in the old method
of a bed made of horse-dung." Nicolsays, " soil thus composed
will produce cucumbers in great abundance : three-fourths light
rich black earth from a pasture, an eighth part vegetable mould
of decayed tree-leaves, and an eightli part rotten cow-dung."
Kal. p. 393. W. T. Aiton gives the following as the compost
used in Kew Gardens : " Of light loam a few months from the
common, one-third part, the best rotten dung one-third part,
leaf-mould and heath-earth of equal parts, making one-third
part. The whole well mixed for use." G. Mills states that the
soil he uses " is half-bog or black mould, got from a dry heathy
common, and half leaf-mould : after lying 12 months in a heap,
the compost is fit for use."
Time of beginning to force. — Abercrombie says, " Managers
who have to provide against demands for early cucumbers,
must raise the seedlings from 10-12 weeks before the fruit will
be required, according to the length of the days in the interval.
In proportion as the entire course embraces a greater part of
the mid-winter, the liability of failure from obstacles in the
weather will be greater. The last fortnight in January, or first
week in February, is a good time for beginning to force the most
early crop. In the subsequent months, both main and second-
ary crops may be started as required, and will come forward
more freely. To have a constant succession, seedlings should
be raised twice a month. As the course of forcing more coin-
cides with the natural growing season, the length of it will be
reduced to 8, 7, or 6 weeks." M'Phail says, " those who are
desirous of having cucumbers early, had best sow seeds about
the 20th of October ; they may be sown at any time of the
year, but the spring and autumn are the best seasons. Cucum-
ber plants may be made to bear fruit plentifully from about the
middle of March till the middle of September ; but from the
middle of September till the middle of March their produce
will be but scanty. Cucumber-plants, raised from seed in Oc-
tober, will begin to produce fruit in February or March, and
will continue to bear till the following month of October, pro-
vided they be kept in frames and get plenty of heat and water."
Nicol recommends the middle of January. He says " Some begin
sooner, but it is striving hard against the stream to little pur-
pose. If the dung be prepared and the bed be got ready, so as to
sow about the first of February, the success will often be greater
than by sowing a month earlier, the growth of the plants being
frequently checked by bad weather, and sometimes they are
entirely lost." Aiton, in the paper above quoted, sowed on the
12th and 20th of August, with a view to cultivate in stoves, a
regular supply of this vegetable being annually required for
the royal tables. G. Mills sows on the first of October.
Sorts. — Abercrombie recommends the short prickly for very
early fruit, and the long prickly kinds for the chief early and
main summer crops. Nicol says every gardener has his favour-
ite sort of cucumber, and it is no easy matter to advise. He
names as early sorts generally known, the early short prickly as
the earliest ; the early smooth green, a long fruit, the long green
prickly, and the white prickly, a white fruit.
Choice of seed. — " It is advisable," Abercrombie observes,
" to have that at least from 2-4 years old, in preference to newer
seed, which is more apt to run luxuriantly in vine, and the plants
from it do not show fruit so soon or so abundantly as those from
seed of greater age. But when seed has been kept more than
4 years, it is sometimes found to be too much weakened."
Forming the seed-bed. — " A one-light frame," Abercrombie
says, " will be large enough for ordinary purposes. Choose a dry
sheltered part of the melon-ground, and form a bed for a 1-
light frame. When high winds are suffered to blow against a
cucumber-bed, they have a very powerful effect on it, for in
that case the heat will not only be greatly abated, but also forced
and driven into the corners of the frames, and, consequently,
some parts thereof are rendered too cold, whilst other parts are
made too hot, and of course the plants are all equally endangered,
retarded in their growth, and perhaps some, if not all of them, i
totally destroyed. Therefore, when a cucumber-bed is about I
to be built, the first object of consideration should be, to
have it, as well as possible, sheltered from the high winds and
CUCURBITACE.E. IV. CUCUMIS.
17
boisterous, stormy weather." Having put on the frame and
waited till the bed is fit for moulding, lay in five or six inches'
depth of the proper earth or compost. M'Phail " makes up a
bed of good dung, four feet high, for a 1 -light box." Nicol
" builds a bed of dung, carefully fermented, to the height of
5 feet at back, and 4 at front, keeping it a foot larger all round
than a 1-light frame, or about five or six feet by three or three
and a half. He then covers with turf, and on that lays fine sand,
as free of earth as possible, to the depth of about 6 inches,
laying in a sloping manner, corresponding with the glass and
within 6 inches of it ; over which lay an inch or two of dry
light earth." Aiton and Mills also prepare a bed for a 1-light
box ; the latter forms it on a stratum of wood 1 foot high for
drainage, and 8 inches higher in the middle than at the sides,
as the sides are liable, from the weight of the frame, to settle
faster than in the middle, which causes the piles of earth to
crack ; by which in fruiting-beds more especially the roots of
the plants are greatly injured.
Sowing. — Abercrombie sows some seeds in the layer of the
earth, which he spreads over the bed, putting them in half an
inch deep. He also sows some seed in 2, 3, or more small
pots of the same kind of earth, which may be plunged a little
into that of the bed. M'Phail sows in a pot filled with rich
earth, covers about 2 inches thick, and sets the pots on the
surface of the naked dung on the bed. Nicol sows immediately
after the bed is made, without waiting till the heat arises, which
he says is losing time, and the opportunity of bringing on veget-
ation by degrees as the heat rises. He sows in a broad pan 4
inches deep, or in small pots 4 or 5 inches in diameter, and as
much in depth. These he fills with " fine light earth" or veget-
able mould, and covers the seeds 2 inches. He plun»es these
to the brim in the back part of the bed (which, it will be re-
collected contains a stratum of earth 6 inches thick, over one of
sand and another of turf), puts on the light, and lets the frame
be matted at night, in the ordinary way.
Raising plants from cuttings. — M'Phail says, " Instead of
raising cucumber plants from seeds, they may be raised from
cuttings, and thus kept on from year to year, in the following
manner ; the method of sticking them in is this : take a shoot
which is just ready for stopping, cut it off' just below the joint,
behind the joint before which the shoot should have been
stopped, then cut smooth the lower end of the shoot or cutting,
and stick it in fine leaf or other rich mould, about an inch deep,
and give it plenty of heat, and shade it from the rays of the
sun till it be fairly struck. By this method, as well as by that
of laying, cucumber plants may readily be propagated." J.
Mearns, gardener at Shobden Court, near Leominster, propa-
gates his cucumber-plants for a winter crop in this way, and
" finds that the plants raised from cuttings are less succulent,
and therefore do not so readily damp off*, or suffer from the low
temperature, to which they are liable to be exposed in severe
weather ; that they come into bearing immediately as they have
formed roots of sufficient strength to support their fruit, and
do not run so much to barren vine as seedlings are apt to do."
He takes the cuttings from the tops of the bearing shoots, and
plants them in pots 9 inches deep, half filled with mould. He
then waters them, covers the tops of the pots with flat pieces of
glass, and plunges them into a gentle bottom heat. " The
sides of the pot act as a sufficient shade for the cuttings
during the time they.are striking, and the flat glass, in this and
in similar operations, answers all the purposes of bell-glasses.
The cuttings form roots, and are ready to pot off" in a fortnight.
Temperature of the seed-bed. — Abercrombie says, " The mi-
nimum heat for the cucumber is 58° at the coldest time of night,
in the day-time 65° is sufficient for the maximum ; because air
admitted, when the sun has great influence, will do more good
VOL. III.
than a higher heat. M'Phail says, " If it were possible to
keep the heat in the frames always to 80°, with the concurrence
of proper air and moisture, 1 am of opinion that that would be
a sufficient heat for the production of the cucumber." Nicol
keeps the air in the bed to about 65° in the night, allowing a
few degrees of a rise in sunshine. Aiton rears and fruits his
plants in a stove. Miller says, " The heat I wish to have in
the seed-frame is from 65° to 75°."
Treatment of the plants until removed to the fruiting-bed. —
After sowing, Abercrombie " continues the glasses on the frame,
giving occasional vent above for the steam to evaporate, that
the bed may keep a moderate heat, and not become too violent.
The plants will be up in a few days, when it will be proper to
admit air daily, but more guardedly, at the upper end of the
light, which may be raised from half an inch to an inch or two,
according to the temperature of the weather, that the plants
may not draw up weak, or be injured by the steam. In frosty
weather hang part of a mat over the aperture. When the plants
are a little advanced, with the seed-leaves about half an inch
broad, take them up, and prick some in small pots of light earth,
previously warmed by the bed. Put 3 plants in each pot, and
insert them a little slopingly, quite to the seed-leaves. Plunge
the pots into the earth, and you may prick some plants also into
the earth of the bed. Give a very little water just to the roots ;
the water should be previously warmed to the temperature of
the bed. Draw on the glasses ; but admit air daily to promote
the growth of the plants, as well as to give vent to the steam
rising in the bed, by tilting the lights behind, from half an inch
to an inch or two high, in proportion to the heat of the bed and
temperature of the weather. Cover the glasses every night
with garden-mats, and remove them timely in the morning.
Give twice a-week, once in two days, or daily, according to the
season, a very light watering ; keep up a moderate lively heat
in the bed by requisite linings of hot dung to the sides."
M'Phail, having sown, and placed the pots on the naked bed,
says, " the plants will come up in a few days, and when they
have fully expanded their seed-leaves, transplant them into small
pots, 3 plants in each pot. Set them on the surface of the dung
in the bed, and let a little air be left at the light day and night,
to let the steam pass off freely." — " When the seedling plants
have one or two joints, stop them, after which they generally
put forth 2 shoots, each of which let run till they have made
I or 2 clear joints, and then stop them, and afterwards continue
throughout the season to stop the plants at every joint." Nicol
directs to guard the seed from mice, which generally swarm
about hot-beds, by laying a pane of glass over the pot or pan
till they come up ; and afterwards at night by covering with a
pot of equal size, till the seed-leaves have expanded and the
husks have dropped ; for until then the plants are liable to be
destroyed. The cover, however, should always be removed by sun-
rise, and be replaced in the evening. It is at night these vermin
generally commit their depredations. No air need be admitted
till the heat begins to rise, and steam begins to appear ; but after
that the lights should be tilted a little every day, in whatever state
the weather may be, until the plants break ground. Air must then
be admitted with more care, and if frosty or very chill, the end
of a mat should be hung over the opening, that the air may sift
through it, and not immediately strike the plants. A little aired
water may be given once a day, from the time the seeds begin
to chip ; and if a very strong heat rise, the pots should be
raised a little to prevent the roots from being injured. They
should be frequently examined on this account, and if the heat
be violent, should be set loosely on the sand, or be placed en-
tirely on the surface. The air of the bed should be kept to
about 65° in the night, allowing a few degrees of a rise in the
sunshine. If the weather be severe, the mats must be doubled
D
18
CUCURBITACE^E. IV. CUCUMIS.
or tripled, and if mild perhaps a single one will suffice. But
unless in very bad weather they should always be removed by
sunrise, in order to admit all the sun and light possible to the
plants, which are very essential to their welfare. When the plants
are about an inch and a half high, they are then fit to be pricked
out into nursing pots. These pots should be about 3-j or 4
inches in diameter at top, and as much in depth. The mould
to be used should be the same as that in which the seeds are
sown, and should be laid in the frame a few hours previous to
potting, in order to bring it to a proper degree of warmth, that
the tender fibres be not chilled by it. Let the pots be filled
about one half with the earth, turn the plants carefully out of
the seed-pot ; place three in each, against the side of the pot,
and so as their leaves may be just above its margin ; then cover
the roots with the mould, rubbing it fine between the fingers,
and filling the pots nearly to the brim. Work over the sand in
the frame to its full depth, plunge the pots to within an inch of
their rims, and cover the whole surface with a little dry earth as
at first, making it level with the tops of the pots. Then give a little
aired water, in order to settle the earth to the roots of the plants.
The plants will now require due attention. Let air be admitted
to them as freely as the state of the weather will allow, and
supply them moderately with water once in 2 or 3 days. Exa-
mine the pots frequently, if the heat be violent, lest the roots
be scorched, setting them loosely or pulling them up in that
case, or if thought necessary, placing them entirely on the sur-
face. If much steam abound in the bed at this time, it may be
proper to leave the light tilted half an inch in the night, ob-
serving to hang the lap of a single mat 2 or 3 inches over the
tilt. But if the bed was carefully turfed over, as directed at
making up, this will seldom be necessary, never but in thick
hazy weather. Mat up carefully at night, but make a point to
admit all the sun and light possible to the plants ; therefore,
uncover always by sun-rise ; and frequently wash and wipe the
glasses clean, outside and inside, as they are often clogged by a
mixture of steam and dust. Also, occasionally stir the surface
of the sand or earth in the frame with the point of a stick, -in
order to extirpate vapour, that hovers on the surface, and so
purify the internal air of the bed. If the heat begin to decrease,
and particularly if the weather be severe, it may be necessary
to line one or more sides of the bed, that the plants may receive
no check in their growth. If it be a 1 -light box, both back and
front may be lined at the same time, and, if necessary, in 10 or
12 days, the two sides ; and if much steam arise from the
linings after they come into heat, be careful in matting at night,
to tuck up the edges of the mat, lest it be thrown into the bed."
Mills, as soon as the seed-leaves of the plants are fully ex-
panded, transplants them singly into pots of 48th size, gives a
little water and air night and day. His temperature for seed-
lings, as already stated, is from 65° to 75°. With this heat and
water, as the earth in the pots becomes dry, and a little air night
and day, so as to keep the internal air in the frame sweet, and
fluctuating between the degrees of heat above mentioned, the
plants will be fit for finally transplanting out in a month, that is,
by the 14th of November, into the fruiting-frames.
Forming the fruiting bed. — Abercrombie directs, " When the
plants are advanced in some toleiable stocky growth, that is,
when the first rough leaves are 2 or 3 inches broad, or when the
Elants have been raised about five weeks, transplant them to the
trger hot-bed, with a 2-light or 3-light frame, sometimes
called the ridging-out-bed." Form the bed on general prin-
ciples, of superficial extent, according to the frame it is to sup-
port, leaving from 4 to 6 inches all round, and fixing the height
according to the season. Thus in January, Abercrombie directs
" the bed to be 3 feet 9 inches high in front, 4 feet 6 inches at the
back, and 6 inches larger than the frame all round. In February,
3 feet 3 inches high at the front, 4 feet at the back, and 4 inches
to spare round the frame. In March, 3 feet high in front, 3 feet
6 inches at back, and 4 inches beyond the frame every way."
" Put on the frame and glasses presently after the body of the
dung is built up, to defend it from the weather. At the same
time raise the glasses a little at the upper end, in order both
to draw up the heat sooner, and to give vent to the rising steam,
until the bed is reduced to a regular temperature. In connec-
tion with the thermometer, the cultivator may be assisted to form
a judgment of this by trying sticks, that is, 2 or more sharp-
pointed smooth sticks, thrust down in different parts of the bed,
which at intervals may be drawn up, and felt by a quick grasp
of the hand. The smell of the vapour is also a criterion ; it
should not be strong and fetid, but mild and sweet. While
taking care that the heat is not so intense as to burn the mould
when applied as below, let it not be suffered to evaporate un-
necessarily by delay. If the temperature appear to be not suffi-
ciently high, take off" the frame, and add another course of dung."
M'Phail, when he fruits the cucumber on dung beds, begins to
make preparation for the fruiting-bed, about 3 weeks before the
plants are ready to be planted for good. The dung collected,
after being well worked, is " made up into a bed of about 4 or
5 feet high, and the frames and lights set upon it. It is after-
wards suffered to stand for a few days to settle, and until its
violent heat be somewhat abated ; and when it is thought to be
in a fit state for the plants to grow in, its surface is made level,
and a hill of mould laid in just under the middle of each light,
and when the mould gets warm the plants are ridged out in it.
After this, if the bed has become perfectly sweet, and there be
heat enough in it, and the weather prove fine, the plants will
grow freely." Nicol builds his fruiting-bed about 4 feet high in
front, keeping it fully a foot broader than the frame all round.
He turfs it, and lays on sand as in forming the seed-bed, if the
dung has not been well fermented. " But otherwise, placing a
thick round turf, a yard over, in the middle of each light, so as
that its centre may be exactly under the plants, will generally
be found sufficiently safe." The frames are now put on, and
the beds matted up at night to make the heat rise the sooner.
Mills says, " Well preparing the dung is of the greatest im-
portance in forcing the cucumber, and if not done before it is
made into a bed, it cannot be done after, as it requires turning
and watering to cause it to ferment freely and sweetly ; fresh
dung from the stable will require at least 6 weeks' preparation
before it will be fit to receive the plants. A month before it is
made up into a bed, it should be laid up into a heap, turned three
times and well shaken to pieces with a kfork ; and the outsides
of the heap turned into the middle and the middle to the outsides,
that the whole may have a regular fermentation, and if any ap-
pear dry, it should be made wet, keeping always between the
two extremes of wet and dry. A dry spot of ground should be
chosen to prepare the dung on, that the water may drain away
from the bottom of the heap. The dung having been a month
in heap, I make the bed as follows : I form a stratum one foot
high of wood of any kind, but if larger the better (old roots of
trees or any other of little value will do). This is to drain the
water from the bottom of the bed, for after a month's prepara-
tion, with every care, it will frequently heat itself dry, and re-
quire water in large quantities, which, if not allowed to pass off"
freely, will cause an unwholesome steam to rise, in which the
cucumber plant will not grow freely. On this bottom of wood,
1 make the bed 4 feet high with dung, gently beating it down
with a fork. This is done about the 1st of November, and by
the month of February the 4 feet of dung will not be more than
2 feet thick, which, with a foot of wood, at the bottom, will
make the bed 3 feet high. This I consider a good height;
for if lower, it cannot be so well heated by linings, which is the
CUCURBITACE^E. IV. CUCUMIS.
19
only method of warming it in the months of February and
March, as by that time the first heat of the bed will have quite
declined. Having made the bed, I put on the frames and lights,
which I shut close till the heat rises. I then give air night and
day, sufficient to allow the steam to pass off, and once in 2 days
I fork the surface over, about 9 inches deep, to sweeten it, and
if in the operation I find any part dry, I carefully wet it. The
bed being quite sweet, I prepare it for the mould, by making the
middle about 8 inches lower than the sides, as the sides are liable
from the weight of the frames to settle farther than the middle,
which often causes the hills of earth to crack, by which the roots
of the plants are greatly injured." — Mills ex Loud, encycl. gard.
p. 632.
Moulding. — " As soon," Abercrombie observes, " as you
deem the bed to have a lively, safe, well-tempered heat, which
may be in a week or 10 days after building, proceed to mould it.
Earth the middle of each light, laying the mould so as to form
a little hill from 6 to 10 inches in height, according as seed is to
be sown, or plants from the seed-bed inserted. Then earth over
the intervals between the hills, and the sides of the frame only,
from 2 to 4 inches, as a temporary measure, until the heat is
ascertained to be within safe limits. After the whole bed has
been for some time covered, examine the mould ; if no traces of
a burning effect appear discoverable by the mould turning of a
whitish colour, and caking, it will be fit to receive the plants.
But if the earth appears burnt, such part should be replaced by
fresh, and vacuities made to give vent to the steam, by drawing
every part of the hills from the centre. When the bed is in fit
order, level the mould to 6 inches deep to receive the seeds ; but
to receive plants in pots the hills of earth should be kept 10
inches deep or more. If there be any motive for haste, while
an excess of heat is to be suspected, the danger from burning
may be obviated by leaving vacancies in the top of the mould ;
by placing patches of fresh cow-dung or decayed bark to receive
the pots of seeds or plants ; and by boring holes in the bed with
a round pole, sharpened at the end, which holes should be filled
up with hay or dung when the heat is sufficiently reduced.
Some persons place a layer of turf with the sward downwards be-
tween the dung and the mould ; but this, if ever expedient, is
only in late forcing ; for in winter the full effect of a sweet well-
tempered heat is wanted, much of which, by being confined at
the top, may be forced out at the sides." M'Phail, in moulding
common hot-beds, also raises hills in the centre of each light in
the usual way. Gard. rein. p. 51. Nicol gathers up from the
surface of the beds a sufficient quantity of earth to raise hills
whereon to plant ; one exactly in the middle of each light, about
a foot broad at top, and to within 6 inches of the glass. If the
frames be a proper depth, they should be 12 or 15 inches high
above the turf. Kal. p. 365. Mills puts under the centre of
each light one solid foot of earth, the top of which is hardly within
9 inches of the glass, and the top of the plants when planted in
it will be within 3 inches of the glass.
Planting out. — Abercrombie, when the temperature is ascer-
tained to be right, brings the plants in their pots ; turns over the
hills of mould, forming them again properly, and then proceeds
to planting. " Turn those in pots clean out, one pot at a time,
with the ball of earth whole about the roots, and thus insert one
patch of three plants which have grown together, with the ball
of earth entire, into the middle of each hill, earthing them neatly
round the stems. Also any not in pots, having been pricked
into the earth of the bed if required for planting, may be taken
up with a small ball of earth, and planted similarly. With water
warmed to the air of the bed, give a very light watering about
the roots, and shut down the glasses for the present, or till next
morning. Shade the plants a little from the mid-day sun a few
days till they have taken root in the hills, and cover the glasses
every evening with large mats." Nicol, before planting, if the
beds have settled anywise unequally, rectifies and sets level the
frames, by placing boards, slates, or bricks under the low cor-
ners, so as to make them correct. He then makes up the out-
sides of the bed with dung a few inches higher than the bottoms
of the frame, over which he lays some dry litter or fern fronds,
and planks at top to walk on. He then takes the pots of plants,
each of which are supposed to have got two or three rough
leaves, and making a hole in each hill, full large enough to re-
ceive the balls, turns them out of the pots as entire as possible,
placing them level with the surface of the hill, fitting the earth
round their sides, and settling all with a little water. In the case
of planting older plants than the above, at a farther advanced
period of the season, or such as have quite filled the pots with
their roots, the balls may be reduced a little, and the fibres
should be singled out, if anywise matted. But the above plants
are supposed to have barely filled the pots with roots, and then
the balls should be kept entire, that they may not receive a check
in transplanting.
Temperature for fruiting plants. — Abercrombie's minimum is
55°, and maximum in the day time 65°, the same as for the seed-
bed. M'Phail says, " It appears that during the winter and
spring months the medium heat of the air in the frames should
be 75°, and the maximum heat 80°. But when the sun shines
the heat of the air in the frames is increased to a much higher de-
gree; so that reckoning this heat, the medium for that of the air
in the frames may be 80°." Gard. retnemb. p. 59. Nicol's
medium heat for cucumbers is 60°; in sunshine he admits as
much air as will keep down the thermometer to 65°. Kal. p. 366.
Mills, in the fruiting frames, wishes " to have at all times from
70 to SO degrees of heat, which I regularly keep up by applying
linings of hot dung, prepared one month previously, in the same
manner as that for the beds. For the first month I cover the
glass with a single mat only ; and as the nights become cold, I
increase the covering, using hay, which I put on the glass, and
cover that with a single mat. I regulate the heat at night by
the warmth of the glass under the hay, for when the glass is
warm, which should be in two hours after covering up, a little air
is required. When the glass and hay covering are warm, which
is easily known by putting the hand under the hay on the glass
light, the internal heat of the bed will be about 78 degrees, in
which degree of heat the cucumbers have grown in length in 1 6
hours one inch and a quarter. I give a little water round the
insides of the frames, as often as I find them dry, which causes
a fine steam to rise, and I think it better than watering the
mould, for if this latter practice is often repeated in winter,
when the sun's power is insufficient to absorb the moisture, and
the glasses can be but little open to allow the damp to pass off,
the earth in a few weeks will lose its vigour, and the roots of
the plants will perish. Great care should also be taken, at this
season, not to injure the roots by too much heat, which is not
less detrimental than too much moisture : they can only be
secured by keeping up a regular warmth, just sufficient to expel
the damp, which arises in the night from the fermenting dung."
Linings. — The requisite degree of heat, Abercrombie is care-
ful to support in the bed when declining, " by timely linings of
hot fresh dung, which may be applied to the sides 15 or 18
inches in width, and as high as the dung of the bed. Generally
line the back part first, and the other in a week, or from 10 days
to a fortnight after, as may seem necessary by the degree of
heat in the bed. Sometimes if the heat has fallen abruptly
below the minimum degree, it may be proper to line both sides
moderately, at once to recover the temperature sooner, and with
better effect ; but be particularly careful never to over line,
which would cause a too violently renewed heat, and steam in
the bed. The dung for linings must be fermented, as in first
D 2
20
CUCURBITACE^E. IV. CUCUMIS.
building a bed." When the heat decreases, Nicol cuts away the
old dung perpendicularly by the frame, and adds new linings,
(generally beginning with the back first,) 2 feet broad to the
height of G inches about the bottom of the bed frame. As it
will sink considerably in heating, he adds to it in a few days.
Mills applies linings of hot dung prepared a month previously.
Covering. — This must be nightly performed till June, pro-
portioning the warmth of the cover to the heat of the air in the
bed, and that of the external air. Mats are laid next the glass ;
on these a layer of hay, and over these mats, made fast by boards,
but not hanging over the linings, is the usual mode, early in
the season. M'Phail says, " My method of covering up was
as follows : in the first place I laid clean single mats on the light
in length and breadth, just or nearly to cover the sashes, taking
care not to suffer any part of the mats to hang over the sashes,
on or above the linings, for that would be the means of draw-
ing the steam into the frames in the night time. On these mats
was spread equally a covering of soft hay, and on the hay was
laid another covering of single mats, upon which were laid two, or
sometimes three or four rows of boards, to prevent the covering
from being blown off by the wind. The mats laid on next to
the glass are merely to keep the seeds and dust, which may hap-
pen to be in the hay, from getting into the frames among the
plants. If the bed be high, in covering up steps or short lad-
ders must be used by those whose office it is to cover and un-
cover; and great care must be taken not to break or injure the
glass."
Air. — Abercrombie directs to " admit air every day when
the weather is moderate, without much wind; and always more
freely on sunny days, than when cloudy or cold and frosty.
Open the lights behind, only a little at first, sooner or later in
the day, according to the temperature of the season ; increasing
the opening from about half an inch to 1, 2, or 3 inches, or very
little more (decrease the opening occasionally, if the weather in
the early part of the season changes very cold) ; and shut close
in the same gradual order towards afternoon, generally shutting
close in the evening, unless in the early state of the bed, a
considerable heat and steam continues. In this case you may
occasionally leave open about half an inch, hanging the end of
the mat before each opening." M'Phail says, " A cucumber
plant delights in a strong heat, and in sweet wholesome air ; but
if the air in which it grows be contaminated, unhealthy, or im-
pure, the plant will not continue long in a healthy flourishing
condition. Whatever is disagreeable to the smell becomes in
time hurtful to the cucumber plant ; therefore whoever would
wish to know if the air in a cucumber frame be in a healthy
nature for the plants, should smell to it." He adds, in giving
and taking away the air, do it gradually, that is, by little and
little at a time, which without doubt is the best way : for sudden
changes are always attended with unpleasant consequences. A
due proportion and continual supply of fresh air is at all times
necessary, and more or less is required according to the heat of
the linings, the temperature of the weather, and the thickness of
the coverings put on at nights. Gard. rememb. p. 42. Nicol
admits air regularly in as large portions as the state of the
weather will allow, being careful to let off rank steam, if it
abound, by leaving a tilt, even in the night. Mills says, " My
usual time of giving fresh air to the frames, and permitting the
foul to escape, in the winter months, (that is, from the middle of
November to the middle of February,) is as follows : between 8
and 9 in the morning I raise the lights, and let the confined air
pass off, shutting them again ; about 10 I give a little air ; at 1 1
more ; at one I lower the lights a little, and between 3 and 4 I
close them entirely. About two hours after the covering of
hay has been put on, I give a little air for the night. Should the
weather be changeable, the lights must be raised or lowered
more or less, as circumstances may require ; but some air about
the times of the day above mentioned is absolutely necessary to
keep the plants in a free growing state."
Water. — "Give necessary waterings with water warmed to the
air of the bed, mostly in the forenoon of a mild day, in early
forcing ; and in the morning or afternoon in the advanced season
of hot sunny weather." — Abercrombie. M'Phail says, " The
quantity of water requisite to be given to the plants depends
upon the heat of the bed, the strength and age of the plants, and
also on the temperature of the weather. When the weather is
cold, wet, and gloomy, and the air moist, they require less water
than when the weather is clear, and the air more dry. If too
much water be given, or if water be given too often, it will hin-
der the fruit from setting and swelling kindly ; and if too little
water be given, the plants will grow weak, and the fruit hollow.
I seldom watered the plants with water warmer than 85°, nor
colder than 65° ; although in general I tried by the thermometer
the warmth of the water I used, yet it is not necessary so to do.
A good way to know if the water be of a proper temperature is
to take a mouthful of it, and when it feels neither hot nor cold,
then it is in a fit state for accelerating the growth of the plants,
or for making them grow fast. I made a constant rule never to
water the plants but with clean sweet water ; and if the water be
clean and sweet, I am of opinion it makes little or no difference
whether it be pump water, spring water, rain water, or river
water. However, it is a good quality in water to bear soap, and
make a lather therewith, which rain and river water readily do ;
but the pump and spring waters are found too hard to do it, yet
this may easily be remedied in them, by letting them stand a
few days in the open air, and sun's rays. With regard to the
time of the day in which the watering ought to be performed, I
think it is not material, nor did I ever make any rule with re-
spect to the time, but gave them water at any hour of the day,
when I saw they stood in need of it, and when it best suited my
conveniency. Those who have hot-houses may get their water
warmed there, and those who have no hot-houses may get some
from the house, or from some other place where water is fre-
quently heated. One gallon of hot water will properly water
several gallons of cold water." Tate says "in spring and in the
summer months the water may be warmed by exposure to the rays
of the sun." Nicol airs his water •' by some means or other ;"
waters once in two or three days after planting, and liberally from
the rose of the watering pot as the plants advance. The time
chosen is the afternoon about 4 or 5 o'clock, in order not to
scorch the plants, which, he says, often happens, when, after
morning waterings, the sun's rays suddenly dart on the plants.
Kal. p. 366 — 335. J. Mearns, already mentioned, uses water
impregnated with sheep's dung, as does Mr. Knight. Mearns
tried this water first " on some cucumber plants in the pine
stove, which had been planted in January, but which in conse-
quence of dull weather had become weak, and of a pale green
colour ; he applied the liquor to the roots, and in a few days a
great change in the appearance of the plants was produced ; the
foliage assumed a hardy green, the shoots acquired an unusual
degree of strength, with short joints, and although the stove had
scarcely any air given to it, yet the fruit swelled rapidly, and
attained a large size." These plants continued in bearing till
May, and were then cut back to within 6 inches of the root,
when they started again with vigour. " No water was ever
given over the leaves, but a continued supply of the liquid
pigeon-dung manure to the roots." Mearn. ex Loud. ency.
Gard. p. 635. For Mills's practice as to watering see his pro-
cess under temperature.
Earthing. — " Observe," says Abercrombie, " in proper time
when the first heat of the bed is moderate, to begin adding more
earth between the hills, as the extending roots require to be
CUCURBlTACEyE. IV. CUCLMIS.
21
covered, or the runners to be supported with mould; raising it
by degrees equal wiili the tops of the hills, all in level order
from 8 to 10 inches thick." Pract. Gard. p. 72. Nicol, " by the
time the plants have sent out runners, and the roots spread
quite over the hills, enlarges them ; beginning by stirring up the
earth in the other parts of the frame to its full depth with a
hand-fork or weeding-iron, breaking it fine if anywise caked by
the heat. To this add fresh mould, sifted or finely broken, and
in a dry state, so as to raise the surface nearly to the level of
the hills ; laying it in a sloping manner from back to front.
Previously he rectifies the position and level of the frames, and
raises them so that the glass may be eight or nine inches above
the mould in the centre." Kal. p. 367.
Training.— To force the cucumber into early fruit, Aber-
crombie directs to " stop the runners as soon as the plants have
made two rough leaves ; as the bud that produces the runner is
disclosed at the base of the second rough leaf, it may be cut off
or picked out, or if the runner has already started it may be
pinched off close. This is called stopping at the first joint, and
is necessary for a stronger stocky growth, and an emission of
fruitful laterals ; and from these other prolific runners will be
successively produced. The vines, without the process of stop-
ping, would generally be both weaker, and so deficient of fertile
runners, that they would sometimes extend 2 or 3 feet without
showing fruit. When plants which have been once stopped
have extended the first runners to three joints without showing
fruit, they are to be again stopped for the purpose of strengthen-
ing the plant, and disposing it for bearing. As fertile runners
extend, train them out regularly along the surface, fastening
them down neatly with pegs." M'Phail stops his plants when
they have two joints ; and " when the plants shoot forth again
after the second stopping, they seldom miss to show fruit at
every joint, and also a tendril ; and between the tendril and the
showing fruit, may clearly be seen the rudiment of anotl.er shoot,
and when the leading shoot has extended itself fairly past the
showing fruit ; so that in pinching off the tendril and the shoot,
the showing fruit is not injured. This stopping the leading
shoot stops the juices of the plant, and is the means of enabling
the next shoot (the rudiment of which was apparent when the
leading shoot was stopped,) to push vigorously, and the fruit
thereby also receives benefit. When the plants are come into
bearing, if the vines are suffered to make two joints before they
are stopped, at the first of these joints, as I before said, will be
seen showing fruit, a tendril, and the rudiment of a shoot ; but
at the second joint there is seldom to be seen either showing
fruit or the rudiment of a shoot ; but only a tendril, and the
rudiments of male blossoms. It is therefore evident, and but
reasonable, that the shoot should be stopped at the first of these
joints ; for were the shoot to be let run past the first joint, and
stopped before the second, perhaps no shoot would ever spring
forth at the said second joint, but only a cluster of male blos-
soms or leaves, which would serve for no good purpose, but
would rather exhaust the juices of the plant, which ought to be
thrown into the productive parts of it. If the plants are suf-
fered to bear too many fruit, that will weaken them, and in such
case some of the shoots -will lose their leaders, that is, the rudi-
ments of some of the shoots will not break forth, the numbers of
fruit having deprived them of their proper share of the vegeta-
tive juices. The rudiments of some of the shoots may also be
injured by accident, which sometimes prevents their pushing ;
but from whatever cause this happens it matters not, for by the
losing of its leader the shoot is rendered unfruitful, and therefore
should be cut entirely off. In the course of the spring and
summer months, several shoots break forth here and there from
the old ones. When too many break out, cut off the weakest of
them close to the old shoots, and those which remain, with re-
gard to stopping, serve nearly in the same manner as young
plants. If the old shoot from which the new one bursts forth
lie close to the moulds, it sometimes sends forth roots from the
same joint from which the young shoot proceeded, by which the
young shoot is much invigorated, and the old plant in some
measure renovated. When this young plant is fairly formed on
the old shoot, it somewhat resembles a young plant formed and
struck root on a strawberry runner ; and if the shoot were to be
cut off on each side of the newly formed plant, and no part of the
plant left in the frame but itself, by proper treatment it would
soon extend itself all over the frame. In winter, when the
plants are young, and before they come into bearing, it some-
times happens that they send forth too many shoots ; in that
case, cut the weakest of them off, not suffering them to become
crowded and thick of vines, for that would weaken, and prevent
the plants from bearing so early as they ought to do. Keep the
leaves of the plants always regularly thin. The oldest and
worst of them cut off first, and cut off close to the shoot on
which they grow. This is necessary and right, for if any part of
the stalk of the leaf were to be left, it would soon putrify and
rot, and perhaps destroy by damp the main branch from which
it proceeded." Nicol. " Cucumber plants will put out runners
or vines, whether the heart-buds be picked out or not, which is
a matter of trivial concern, although much insisted on by some,
as being necessary to their doing so at all. For my own part I
never could discover any difference, and I have repeatedly made
the comparison in the same bed, which otherwise of course could
not be fair. When the vines have grown to the length of 4 or
5 joints, and if fruit appear on them, they may be stopped at
one joint above the fruit ; but otherwise, they may be allowed to
run the length of 7 or 8 joints, and may then be stopped, which
will generally cause them to push fertile shoots. These should
be regularly spread out, and be trained at the distance of 8 or 10
inches apart."
Pruning and training cucumber plants. — W. P. Vaughan,
(Gard. mag. 7. p. 462.) considers the productiveness of cucum-
ber plants as depending principally on pruning, and the age ot'
the seed ; his system of management is therefore as follows.
As he saves a few seeds annually lie has always some three years
old ; these he sows in shallow pans in a dung heat not under 70°,
and by the time the plants have spread their seminal leaves, he
has soil and 32-sized pots ready dried in the frames, and plants
them so as they will just reach over the rim of the pot when
planted 3 or 4 in each pot, making them form a triangle or
square ; he then fills the pots to within half an inch of the top,
waters them, and keeps them in a brisk heat of from 65° to 75°.
And as soon as they have spread their first rough leaves, he
picks out the leading bud from each plant close to the second
leaf, and in a few days afterwards each plant will put forth two
shoots, and they are ready for plunging in the hills without
breaking the balls of earth; that is, one potful in each hill.
When the lateral shoots have made two joints, they must be
stopped at the second as before, and pegged down with a piece
of straight stick, 6 inches long, broken half through in two
places, so as to form a square. Each shoot will now produce
two more, which never fail to show fruit at the first joint, and
must be stopped at the second, which operation must be done to
all as they make two joints. Picking off the male blossoms and
setting the fruit, as they open, should be done in the morning
just before the sun comes strong on the frames, until the weather
will admit of the lights being open a great part of the day ;
watering should also be performed at the same time, shutting the
frame close for a few minutes after. Cuttings taken from the
tops of the shoots about 4 inches long, and planted in a pot
deep enough to admit a flat pane of glass on the top, will strike
freely, and these plants so produced will come into bearing
22
JCU
CUCURBITACE^E. IV. CUCUMIS.
sooner than those raised from seeds, but they are not of so long
duration.
Upright training. — " Cucumber plants being climbers by
means of their tendrils, some branchy sticks being placed to any
advancing runners, they will ascend and produce fruit at a dis-
tance from the ground, in a clean growth, free from spots, and
well flavoured."
Setting the fruit. — " The cucumber," Abercrombie observes,
" bears male and female blossoms distinctly on the same plant.
The latter only produce the fruit, which appears first in minia-
ture, close under the base, even before the flower expands.
There is never any in the males ; but these are placed in the
vicinity of the female blossoms : the fruit of which will not
otherwise swell to its full size, and the seeds will be abortive.
The early plants under glass, not having the full current of the
natural air, nor the assistance of bees and other winged insects,
to convey the farina, the artificial aid of the cultivator is neces-
sary to effect the impregnation. At the time of fructification
watch the plants daily ; and as soon as a female flower, and some
male blossoms are sufficiently expanded, proceed to set the fruit
the same day, or next morning at farthest. Take off the male
blossom, detaching it with part of the foot-stalk. Hold this
between the finger and the thumb ; pull away the flower leaf
close to the stamens and anthers, which apply close to the stigma
of the female flower, twisting it a little about, to discharge
thereon some particles of pollen or fertilizing powder. Proceed
thus to set every fruit, as the flowers of both sexes open, while
of a lively full expansion, and generally perform it in the early
part of the day, using a fresh male if possible for each impreg-
nation, as the males are usually more abundant than the female
blossoms. In consequence the young fruit will soon be ob-
served to swell freely. Cucumbers attain the proper size for
gathering in about 15, 18, or 20 days from the time of setting,
and often in succession for 2 or 3 months or more in the same
bed by good culture. The above artificial operation will be
found both necessary and effectual in forcing the cucumber,
between the decline of autumn and May, while the plants are
mostly shut under glass. In plants more fully exposed to the
free air, in the increasing warmth of spring, and in having the
full open air in summer, from June and July till September, the
impregnation is effected mostly or wholly by nature. The male
flowers being by some ignorantly denominated false blossoms,
are often plucked entirely off as useless, under the notion of
strengthening the plant ; but this should not be generally done.
Where crowded too thick in clusters, some may be thinned out
moderately ; but their agency being absolutely necessary in fer-
tilizing the females, they should only be displaced as they begin
to decay, except where they are superabundant." — " It is the
female blossoms of flowers," M'Phail observes, " that bear the
fruit ; but if they were not to be impregnated by the male
flowers they would prove barren and unfruitful. The female
blossoms are easily to be distinguished from the male ones, for
the rudiment of the fruit is apparent at the bottom of the female
flower, and the flowers have no stamina, but have three small
pointed filaments, without summits ; whereas the male blossoms
have not any rudiment of fruit about them, but in the centre of
the flower are three short stamina, which are inserted in the
corolla. When the female or fruit blossoms are in full blow,
take the male blossom which is in full blow, and holding it in
one hand, with the other split and tear off the corolla, taking
care not to part the stamina or male parts. Then hold the male
blossom thus prepared between the finger and thumb of the
right hand, and with the left hand gently lay hold of the female
blossom, and holding it between the two fingers, put the pre-
pared male blossom into the centre of the female blossom, and
there the farina or pollen of the anthers clings or sticks to the
8
stigmas, and thus the impregnation of the fruit is effectuated, and
the plants are thereby rendered fruitful, which, being in frames
in a climate by art made for them, would otherwise in a great
degree be rendered barren and unproductive ; and which I have
frequently known to have'been the case, even when at the same
time the plants were in a vigorous flourishing state. Generally
leave the prepared part of the male blossom sticking in the
centre of the female one, and take a fresh male blossom to every
female blossom. But if the male blossoms run scarce, which
seldom or never happens, make one male blossom do for two or
three females." Nicol states, that cucumbers will grow and
will arrive at full size without the female flowers being impreg-
nated : the seeds, however, will prove abortive. The directions
he gives for impregnating are in substance the same as those of
M'Phail. The fruit being set and swelling, some lay fragments
of glass or slate beneath it in order to keep it clean, and to ad-
mit as much air and light as possible to the under side, so as to
cause its approach in greenness to the upper.
On keeping a fine bloom on cucumbers. — The art of producing
and keeping a fine natural bloom on cucumbers, either for a
gentleman's table for show, or for the market, merits great at-
tention, both as to the perfect appearance of the fruit, and also to
the general culture of the plant, after the fruit is set. From
that time a strong bottom heat should be given with dung linings ;
or, if late in the spring, short grass laid round the frame on
the dung, will cause a very strong heat. Water ought then to
be given plentifully, always at the back part of the frame ; and
at no time should the plants be watered over their leaves, when
the fruit is wanted for its fine delicate bloom and long regular
shape. A fine foliage over all the bed is likewise a very essen-
tial point ; and leaves should never be picked off near the fruit,
as it thereby deranges the juices of the plant, and consequently
the fruit does not swell off finely. Air also should be given
very sparingly in the middle of the day, even in bright sunshine,
and generally there should be a little left in the night, when the
bottom heat is very strong, as by that means the air in the
frame is kept sweet. When the fruit is fit to eat, for any of the
above purposes, great care should be taken to pack it in narrow
wooden boxes, in the largest nettle-leaves that can be got, filling
up the interstices with well-beaten moss, and covering over with
soft leaves of any kind. It may then be sent to a great distance
with a fine bloom, and, upon the whole, in a perfect state. —
Geo. Fulton, ex Loud. gard. mag. 6. p. 709.
Gathering the crop. — Cucumbers are used green and unripe,
and before they have attained their full size. They are cut and
gathered when 4, 5, C, or 8 inches long, according to the kinds.
To this size they attain in 10 days or a fortnight in the best
part of the season.
To save seed. — " Select some best summer fruit, from good
productive plants, which permit to continue in full growth till
they become yellow. Then cut them from the vine, and place
them upright on end in the full sun for 2 or 3 weeks, when they
may be cut open, and the seed being washed out from the pulp,
spread it to dry and harden ; then put it up in papers and
bags for future sowing. It will remain good many years ; and
seed of 3 or 4 years' keeping is preferable for early frame
crops."
On forcing cucumbers. — In growing cucumbers under lights,
" the most obvious defects," according to Mr. Allen, " are com-
post of too light a quality," and " dung not sufficiently worked
before it is earthed over." Mr. Allen has been in the habit of
growing early cucumbers under frames, on common dung-beds,
for twenty years, always producing abundance of fruit from
March till October. In 1823 he worked 70 lights for the
London market, the produce of which was 3360 cucumbers, or
4 dozen to a light, " a greater product than is usually obtained
CUCURBITACEjE.
IV. CUCUMIS.
23
by any of the ordinary methods of treatment." The beds are
made in December or January, the hot horse-dung having been
previously turned and watered 5 or 6 times. Before earthing
it, round flat mats, about 15 inches in diameter, formed by coil-
ing up a band of straw, 1 inch in diameter, and 10 feet long,
are to be prepared and placed on the dung, under the centre of
each light. Rye straw is preferred for these mats, as it does
not encourage mice. A bushel of compost, consisting of loam
and rotten dung, is placed on each mat, and 1 plant in prefer-
ence to more, on the top of each hillock ; the top of the plant
should be left about 3 inches from the glass ; the mould should
then be dressed up round the hillock, and be pressed close to
the roots, and within 1 inch of the seed-leaves of the plant ;
these, at no time of earthing, should be covered, for this is
very apt to cause canker. The earth should be kept within
the bounds of the straw mat, and not be suffered to mix with
the dung, as that would cause a burning, which is not only trou-
blesome, but in many instances fatal to the prosperity of the
plant ; because if the earth is once burnt, its vegetative quality
is destroyed, and water will have no effect on it. The only
remedy in such a case is to remove the mould, fork up and
water the dung, lay on a little rye straw, and replace the earth.
After ridging out, from one quarter to one inch of air is given
in the day, and about one quarter during the night. The cover-
ing must be very slight for the first 3 or 4 weeks, and must
not hang over tlie sides. " The heat must be kept up by aug-
menting the linings once a-week, turning over and watering
them when they heat so as to become dry. The bed inside the
frame will require forking up about 9 inches deep, 3 times a-
week ; the hillocks at the same time should be examined, and
a round pointed stick, of about an inch in diameter and 18
inches long, must be thrust about 12 inches in the dung, under
the straw mat, making 5 or 6 perforations under each hillock.
Into each of the holes so formed, pour from the spout of a
watering-pot as much water as the state of the bed seems to re-
quire ; this may be ascertained from the facility with which the
perforator goes into the bed. If the bed is husky or burning,
the stick will go in with difficulty, and then a large pot of water
is required to a hillock ; on the contrary, if the bed is in a free
state of working, the perforator will go into it very easily, and
then a sprinkling from the rose of the pot will be sufficient."
A great object of Mr. Allen seems to be to sweeten, rot, and
moisten the dung under the frame for the roots of the plants,
while the heat is principally supplied by the linings. " The
dung," he says, " from the continued forking and watering, will
become in a fine state to receive the roots of the plants ; these,
after passing through the proper depth of compost, placed over
the dung, which is about 8 inches, will readily strike into the
dung, and bear a productive crop of cucumbers throughout the
summer, without their leaves flagging or requiring any shade.
For ascertaining the proper periods to make additions to the
earth, the best criterion is the appearance of the roots through
the sides of the hillock. • This should be earthed over about 3
inches, each time forking out the dung 2 inches below the mat,
to give a greater depth of earth each time of performing the
operation. The last time this is done, the depth of mould at
the back of the frame should be 20 inches. It will be necessary
to raise the frame and lights as the plants advance in growth."
Water should be given plentifully 3 times a-week, without wet-
ting the leaves or fruit, " pouring it against the back of the
frame, for the mould will dry faster against the back than the
front, in consequence of the heat being there greater, and the
air being admitted there." " In pruning, the runners should
not be cut or thinned out, the tops only should be pinched, and
at every joint, beginning where the plant has 2 rough leaves, and
the second rough leaf is about an inch in diameter. That will
cause the plant to produce fruit and a fresh runner in succession
at every joint; it will likewise add to the strength of the plant."
Pinch off" the tendrils and male blossoms, and fecundate arti-
ficially in the early part of the season. The sort of cucumber
which Mr. Allen finds most productive is the Southgate, and
he prefers seed 3 or 4 years old to new seed. — Loud. gard. mag.
vol. l.p. 416, 417.
Insects and diseases. — The thrips sometimes attack early cu-
cumbers, and are to be destroyed by fumigation. The red spider
rarely makes its appearance ; when he does water must have
been improperly withheld. Some soils produce canker in the
shoots, especially where they branch from the main stem. When
this is the case, the only resource is to renew the soil and the
plants.
Growing the cucumber under hand-glasses. — The following
method is given by M'Phail as that generally practised : "The
seeds are sown some time about the middle of April in a cucum-
ber or melon-bed, and when they come up, they are potted out
into small pots, 2 or 3 plants in each pot, and are kept properly
watere-?., and stopped at the first and second joints. About the
middle of May, a warm situation, where the mould is very rich
is pitched on, and a trench is dug out about 2 feet deep, 3 feet
broad, and the length is proportioned according to the number
of glasses it is intended for. This trench is filled with good
warm dung, and when the dung has come to its full heat, it is
covered over with 8, 10, or 12 inches' depth of rich mould. The
glasses are then set upon it about 3 feet distant from each other,
and when the mould gets warm under them, the plants are
turned out of the pots with their balls whole, and plunged into
the mould under the glasses, and a little water given them to
settle the mould about their roots, the glasses set over them,
and after they have made roots, and begin to grow, jn fine days
the glasses raised a little on one side, to let the plants have the
free air ; and as the weather gets warmer and warmer, air is
given more plentifully to harden the plants, so that they may
be able to bear the open air and run from under the glasses.
When the plants begin to fill the glasses, they are trained out
horizontally, and the glasses are set upon bricks or such like,
to bear them from the plants. After this the plants require
nothing more but to be supplied with water when the summer
showers are not sufficient, and to stop them when they run too
thin of branches, and thin them of leaves or branches when
they are likely to become over-crowded. In warm summers
and in warm situations, by this mode of management, the plants
will bear plentifully for about 2 months, provided they be not
attacked by insects or weakened by diseases." Abercrombie
describes the practice somewhat different, but with his usual
detail and order. He says, " To have a general summer crop,
to fruit in hot-bed ridges under hand-glasses, sow some seed of
the long prickly kind in a hot-bed, under a frame or hand-glass,
or in any cucumber hot-bed in cultivation, about the middle of
March, or thence till the middle of April. When the plants
have been up 3, 4, or 5 days, prick some in the same or another
hot-bed, 3 or 4 inches asunder. A portion may be put in small
pots, 3 plants in each, and plunged in a bed. Give water, and
shade from the sun till they take root; and manage as for the
frame crop. In 3 or 4 weeks, when advanced in the first rough
leaves, about 2 inches broad, and stopped at the first joint as
directed in the early crop, the plants should be ridged out, that
is, transplanted into hot-bed ridges, under hand-glasses, to re-
main for fruiting. The period for this may fluctuate from the
middle of April to the beginning of May. Having a sufficient
quantity of prepared dung, make a hot-bed on the level ground,
&| or 4 feet wide, and 2-|- feet high, the length as required, ac-
cording to the number of hand-glasses intended. Earth it at
top 6 or 8 inches thick, and place the hand-glasses along the
24
CUCURBITACE^:. IV. CUCUMIS.
middle at 3^ feet distance. Sometiines the bed is made in a
moderate trench, 12 or 15 inches deep, in some good soil in the
kitchen -garden, in order to have the excavated earth of the
trench ready at hand for moulding the bed. When the earth
under the glasses is warm, proceed to put in the plants, remov-
ing them from the nursery-bed, with as much earth as will
adhere about the roots. If you have any plants in small pots,
turn them out with the ball entire, and plant 3 plants under each
glass. Give a light watering; put down the glasses, and shade
the plants from the sun, till they have taken root, after which
let them enjoy the sun and light fully, only covering the glasses
and bed every night with mats till June, or commencement of
warm weather. Admit air every mild day, by propping up the
southward side of the glasses 1 or 2 inches ; moderate waterings
will be necessary twice a-week or oftener. As the plants push
runners of considerable length, train them regularly. When
extended to the limits of the glasses, and when the weather is
settled warm, about the beginning or middle of June, they
should be raised upon 3 props 2 or 3 inches high, and the runners
trained out in regular order, but cover them on cold nights with
mats, for the first week or two. Continue the glasses, and cir-
cumspectly water in dry weather, as may be necessary ; the
plants will produce fruit in June, July, August, &c. in plentiful
succession. To obtain a crop from hot-bed ridges, under hand-
glasses, you may, in default of plants raised in a previous nur-
sery-bed for transplanting, sow seed under the glasses in April
or May, inserting several seeds in the central part under each
glass. When the plants have been up a few days or a week,
thin them to 3 or 4 of the strongest in each patch, managing
them afterwards as the others. They will come into bearing
towards the end of June or July, and thence to September.
(Should there be a scarcity of dung to make a regular bed,)
in the last week of April, or in May, you may dig circular holes
2 feet wide, a spade deep, and 4 or 5 feet asunder ; fill them
with hot dung, trodden down moderately firm, and earthed over
6 inches. In these put either plants or seed, and place on the
glasses ; the plants will produce fruit in June or July till Sep-
tember. (In default of hand-glasses,) make a hot-bed, or holes
of dung, as above, in May ; put in plants or seed, and defend
with oiled paper frames, to remain constantly, day and night,
till settled warm weather in June or July. Give the additional
protection of mats over the paper frame in cold nights and bad
weather. In the culture of all the crops, give proper supplies
of water in dry warm weather, 2 or 3 times a-week, or every
day in the hottest season of June, July, and August. In the
hot-bed ridges, made above ground in April or May, if in 3 or
4 weeks or more after making, the heat be much declined, and
the nights or general season remain cold, let a moderate lining
of hot dung be applied to the sides, which will both throw in a
reviving heat, and widen the bed for the roots and runners of the
plants to extend."
Cultivation of the cucumber in ajlucdpit.- — Nicol says, " Those
who would have cucumbers on the table at Christmas (a thing
sometimes attempted), will find it more practicable, and less
troublesome, if the plants be grown in a flued pit, in the manner
of late melons, than if they be grown in a common hot-bed.
In this case the cucumbers should take place of the melons
planted in this compartment in July, and which will, by the
middle or end of the month, have ripened off all their fruit of
any consequence. The seeds of some of the early sorts (those
best for early being also best for late) should be eown in small
pots about the first of the month, and should be placed in the
pit along with the melons, or under a hand-glass, on a slow dung
heat ; where let the plants be nursed, and be prepared for plant-
ing about the second or third week in the month, as hinted at
above. Observe to sow old seeds, not those saved this season,
which would run more to vine than to fruit. Let the pit be
prepared for their reception, by trenching up the bark or dung,
and by adding fresh materials, in so far as to produce a mo-
derate growing heat ; observing the directions given for pre-
paring the pit for the melons in July, and moulding it (however
with proper cucumber earth) all over to the depth of a foot or
14 inches. The plants may be placed closer in planting them
out than is necessary in a spring hot-bed. They may be planted
at the distance of a yard from each other, and 2 rows lengthwise
in the pit, as they will not grow very vigorously at this late
season. They should be moderately supplied with water once
in 4 or 5 days, and should always be watered over the fo'iage,
the more especially when strong fire-heat becomes necessary, as
cucumbers naturally like a moist rather than a dry heat. The
temperature should be kept up to about 64° or 65° in the night,
by the aid of the flues, and by matting, or otherwise covering
the pit. Air should be as freely admitted as the state of the
weather will allow, and so as to keep the mercury down, in sun-
shine to about 70°. The plants will require little other pruning
than to stop the vines, as they show fruit at the joint or two
above it ; for they will not push many superfluous shoots. Ob-
serve to pick ofF all damped leaves as they appear ; and other-
wise carefully attend to them, as above directed, while they
continue to flourish, or to do any good worthy of such attend-
ance."
Cultivation of the cucumber in M'Phail's brick- bed pit. —
" When I used," observes M'Phail, " to cultivate cucumbers on
a dung-bed, the fruit were sometimes watery and ill-tasted ; but
after I began to cultivate them on a brick bed, the fruit were
constantly firm and well flavoured, which is certainly occasioned
by the goodness and wholesomeness of the food with which the
plants are fed or nourished." M'Phail's pit has many advantages
over a common hot-bed : there is no chance of burning the roots
of the plants in it, the linings being placed all on the outside,
without any dung underneath the plants. " All the materials of
my newly-invented bed are clean and sweet ; and the flues being
made perfectly close, no tainted or bad-smelling air can get
through them into the bed ; so that it is of little or no concern
whether the dung of the linings be sweet or otherwise, or whe-
ther the linings be made of dung or of any thing else, provided
there be a sufficient heat kept in them, and no pernicious steam I
be drawn in among the plants by the current of air." A shel-
tered dry situation is of the first consequence for this pit. The 3
bed being built, " when the frame is about to be set upon it, a ]
layer of mortar is spread all round upon the upper course of *
brick-work, on which the bottoms of the frames are to rest. !
Thus the frames are set in mortar on the bricks ; and the flues J
are, with a bricklayer's brush, well washed, and rubbed with a j
thick grout, made of lime and water, which stops every crack I
or hole, and prevents the steam of the linings from getting into \
the frames. This washing of the flues I had done once a-year, I
for no crack or hole must ever be suffered to remain unstopped I
in the flues. I found little or no trouble in keeping the flues i
perfectly close, nor is it indeed likely that they should become I
troublesome, if the bed stands on a sound foundation, for the I
heat of the dung has not that powerful effect on the flues, as I
fire-heat has on the flues of the hot-house ; because the heat of *
dung is more steady and not so violent as the heat of the fire, I
and, besides, the flues of a cucumber-bed are almost always in 1
a moist state, which is a preventive in them against cracking
or rending. When the bed is first built, the pits are about 3
feet in depth below the surface of the flues. The pits I had
filled tip about a foot high, some of them with rough chalk, ,
some of them with small stones, and some of them with brick-
bats ; this is to let the wet drain off freely from the mould of '
the beds. After this filling up with chalk, stones, and broken '
CUCURBITACE^l. IV. CUCUMIS.
25
bricks, there is a vacancy in the pits, about 4 feet deep below
the surface of the flues ; this vacancy I had filled to a level
with the surface of the flues, with vegetable or leaf mould ; and
in putting it in, it was gently pressed, to prevent it from sinking
too much afterwards. On the surface of the mould with which
the pits were filled, under the middle of each light, and which
is just in the centre of the mould in each pit, make hills of
mould, in the same form as is commonly done on a dung-bed.
These hills are to set the plants in, and are to be raised at first
nearly close to or within a few inches of the glass. Raising the
mould at first pretty nigh the glass is necessary, on account of
the sinking of it ; for as the frames are set on bricks, they
cannot sink ; but mould newly put in is sure to settle, and the
Measure of the settlement will ever depend upon the lightness
and texture of the mould with which the pits are filled. There-
fore, these and such-like matters must be left to the discretion
of those who are intrusted with the direction and management
of the frames. When the bed is thus finished, and ready for
the reception of the plants, if the flues be strewed over with
mould, so that their surface be just covered, to a stranger it is
altogether a deception, for in every respect it has the appear-
ance of a dung-bed. The sashes of the frames which I used
were glazed in lead ; but if any person who rears early cucum-
bers have lights which are not glazed in lead, but are slate-
glazed, the vacancies between the glass had best be filled up close
with putty, to prevent too much air from getting into the frames
in the cold days of winter. The frames under my management
were constantly kept in good repair, and painted over once every
year. This method, I am clearly of opinion, is more profitable
than if the frames were neglected for 2 or 3 years, and then
have a thorough repair, with 2 or 3 coats of paint. When
frames are new painted, they should be suffered to lie and
sweeten for some time, at least for 2 or 3 weeks, or until the
disagreeable smell of the paint is somewhat lessened. Although
the frames I used were of a very good size, yet if they were a
little smaller or larger, they would answer the purpose very
well. Therefore those who intend to build a bed after my plan,
have no occasion to make new frames merely for the purpose,
but they may get the bed built to fit the frames they are already
in possession of. The linings are to be applied to the bed a few
days before the plants are ready for finally planting out, in order
that the mould and every thing in the frames may be properly
warmed for their reception. The dung, of which the linings
are to be made, may either be cast together into a heap, to bring
it to a heat before it be laid round the bed, or it may be laid
round the bed as it is brought from the dung-yard ; but which-
ever of these methods be taken, when the linings are making
up, the dung should be well shaken, and laid up lightly, so that
the heat of it may come up freely. As it takes some days
before the linings are able to warm the earth in the bed suffi-
ciently for the reception of the plants, the rank steam of the
new dung linings is evaporated, unless the dung came imme-
diately from the stables, which seldom is the case. The linings
are to be made nearly 3 feet broad in their foundation, and ta-
pered up to about 30 inches at the top, by which they will retain
their heat long, and in sinking will keep close to the bed, which
is what should at all times be paid proper attention to. In the
winter and spring months, the linings should be trodden upon
as little as possible, for treading on them would be the means of
stagnating the heat. But should it at any time, in managing
the plants, be found necessary to stand or kneel upon them,
boards should be laid on their tops for that purpose ; which will
prevent the weight of a person from taking that effect on them
, which it otherwise would do. As the linings sink they are to
: be raised with fresh dung, but they should seldom be raised
higher than the level of the mould in the frames on which the
VOL. in.
plants grow, especially when there is a strong heat in them ; for
when there is a great heat in them, if they are kept higher than
the level of the mould, the heat dries the air in the frames too
much. Nor should they be suffered to sink much below the
level of the mould in the frames, for that, on the contrary,
would cause too much moisture in the frames, especially in the
winter and spring months. When the heat begins to be too
little, notwithstanding the linings being kept to their proper
height, the fresh unexhausted dung underneath should be taken
away, and that which was laid aside put in the foundation, and
fresh dung laid above it, in lieu of that which was carried
away. Both the side linings may be raised at one time,
but both of them should never be renewed together ; for if
both were to be renewed at the same time, it would for a time
cool the frames too much, and when the heat of both came to
their full strength, it would probably be too powerful to the
roots of the plants when extended to the flues. I seldom or
never renew the end linings, because I found the heat of the
side ones fully sufficient ; for as there are flues or vacuities in
every part of the bed, the steam being fluid, circulates in and
warms every part thereof. And for the very same reason there
is no occasion for having a strong heat in both the side linings
at one and the same time, except in very cold weather. In
making up and pulling down the linings, care should be taken
not to injure the brick-work. The covering the lights in the
winter and spring is absolutely necessary ; for, notwithstanding
the heat of the linings, it would be impossible to keep up a pro-
per degree of heat in the frames for the plants without covering.
Therefore, the covering up in the evenings and uncovering in the
mornings must be particularly attended to, and more or less put
on according to the heat of the linings and temperature of the
weather. After the bed is set to work, heat and sweet moisture
are the two principal agents required for promoting the growth
and vigour of the plants ; therefore if there be a heat kept in
the linings, strong enough to keep the heat in the centre of the
pits of mould fluctuating between 80° and 90°, cold water may
be poured on the flues twice or thrice a week. There is no
danger of creating damps or impure air in the frames by water-
ing the flues ; for the water is no sooner poured on them, than
it runs down their sides, and passes clear off through the drains
of the bed ; consequently, water being poured upon the flues,
gives only a momentary check to the heat of the frames ; for the
flues being at all times full of hot steam, when the watering is
finished, the heat quickly resumes its former vivacity, and raises
a warm vapour in the frames, well adapted for promoting veget-
ation, and for increasing the growth, and invigorating the plant
in all its parts. The mould round about the sides of the pits
close against the inner sides of the flues, should be kept nearly
on a level with the surface of the flues, and as it is the mould
that joins to the flues which receives the first and greatest heat
from the linings, it should be continually kept in a moist state ;
for if the mould against the flues be suffered to become dry and
husky, air will be generated in the frames disagreeable to the
plants." In all other respects, the culture of cucumber or
melon, on M'Phail's brick-bed, corresponds with the culture of
these fruits on common dung-beds. M'Phail has, in his " Gar-
deners' Remembrancer," as well as in his " Treatise on the Cu-
cumber," given the temperature of one of his beds for every
day in the year, of which the following table shows the extremes
for every month : —
morn. noon. even.
January from 58° to 86° from 56° to 86° from 54° to 77°
February 68 — 88 66 — 90 58 — 84
March 62 — 83 65 — 90 62 — 85
April 69 — 84 68 — 93 64 — 90
May 67 — 79 70 — 90 66 — 95
E
26
CUCURBITACEjE. IV. CUCUMIS.
noon.
June
from 02° to 85° from 80° to 98° from 67° to 90°
July 61
August 60
September 69
October 64
November 62
December 65
— 79
72 —
78 80
80 74
81 71
82 65
88 64
105 69
96 70
100 72
101 68
92 61
77 58
95
89
97
89
80
71
" By the heat described in these tables, and plenty of water,
the cucumber plants, the seeds of which were sown on the 22d
day of October, were maintained in a healthy fruit-bearing state
in the brick frame of my inventing, from the month of January
to the beginning of December." The melon plants in the ma-
nagement of the author, were kept in about the same degree of
heat which he has given for the culture of the cucumber, in the
forcing frames; and he ventures to predict that if any person
keep melon or cucumber plants in nearly the same degrees of
heat, as is set down in the foregoing plain tables, and manage the
plants well in other respects, the way to do which he thinks he
has clearly pointed out in this treatise, he is persuaded they will
not fail in having success. He adds, that notwithstanding the
objections of some who have not been successful in making trial
of his bed, " it is now generally approved of, and in practice by
numbers of the best gentlemen's gardeners in the kingdom, and
by various market gardeners in the neighbourhood of London."
West's pit, however, seems superior to M'Phail's, as requiring
much less dung, presenting a much more neat and orderly ap-
pearance, and giving a greater command of temperature.
Cultivation of the cucumber in a common pit without Jlues. —
Some form a narrow dung-bed along the middle of each pit,
leaving room for adding a lining on each side when the heat de-
clines. The method succeeds very well late in the season ; but
at an early period the sinking of the bed from the glass leaves
the plants at a great distance from the light.
Cultivation of the cucumber in stoves. — " Cucumber plants,"
M'Phail observes, " will grow in a hot-house, where the pine-
apple is cultivated ; but they will not be very long lived there,
for that is not a healthy climate for them." " In August sow the
seeds in boxes filled with vegetable or other light earth, and
place them on shelves on the back side of the hot-house, where
the sun may not be interrupted from shining on them in the
short days. They may perhaps produce a few fruit in the month
of December or January." Gard. rememb. p. 301. Aber-
orombie says, " some gardeners, ambitious of early fruit, try a
sowing in the stove under the disadvantages of December.
Fruiting this plant in the house in narrow boxes 3 feet long, and
full 20 inches deep, may be found more commodious than pots.
The boxes may stand upon the crib-trellising over the flues, or
be suspended near the back wall, 18 inches from the upper tier
of lights, so as not to shade the regular house plants : this is the
best situation for a very early crop. The plants may be origi-
nated in small pots, plunged into the bark-bed, in order to be
transplanted with a half ball of earth into the borders. Those
who aim to have fruit at Christmas introduce seedlings about the
middle of August." " The chief deviation from the course of the
hot-bed is, that the plants must be trained in the house up-
right, for which purpose form a light temporary trellis of laths.
Give water every other day at least." Pract. Gard. p. 618.
We have already quoted the particulars of Alton's method of
raising cucumber plants in August, with a view to their being
fruited in the stove through the winter. We now subjoin the
remainder of that paper. '-' The plants being raised on a well
prepared one light hot-bed, when the cotyledons or seed-leaves
became nearly of full growth, the plants were potted out, two
into each pot, known to gardeners about London by the name
of upright thirty-twos. When these pots became filled with
roots, the plants were again shifted into larger ones, called six-
teens, and removed from the seed-bed into a three light frame,
with a sufficient bottom heat to allow a considerable portion of
air being given day and night, both in the front and back of the
frame. About the middle of September, the plants having again
filled their pots with roots, and become stocky, were taken
from the frame to the stove, and after a few days received the
last shifting into larger pots of the following dimensions : at top
14 inches over, the bottom 10 inches across, and 12 inches deep,
all inside measure ; each pot at equal distances apart, having
three side drain holes near the bottom, and a larger one in the
centre of the bottom, and containing about three pecks of solid
earth. The cucumber plants were fruited this season in a
pinery. On the front edge of the back flue of this stove, a
fascia-boarding, 6 inches deep, was affixed the whole length of
the building, forming all along a trough or inclosure for a re-
serve of compost, after the exhaustion of the mould in the pots
had taken place. The pots were now placed in regular order
upon the mould-trough over the flue at 3 feet apart, and re-
mained in this station for good, for succession. A setting of the
second sowing was placed upon the end flues of the house ; un-
derneath each pot were set an upright circular garden pan, 6
inches deep, and 14 inches in diameter, which being filled with
earth, the pots were plunged therein about 2 inches deep, and
the drain holes being sufficiently covered with mould, served as
outlets to the roots. From this time the fire heat of the stove
was kept day and night at 60° or 65° of Fahrenheit's thermo-
meter, varying only a few degrees when the sudden influences of
the sun or steam produced an additional glow of climate. The
plants being now established and vigorous, required stopping the
laterals and fruit ; and these second and third lateral shoots in
their turn were stopped also, and the blossoms from time to time
set, as usual, for succession of supply. Waterings were neces-
sary only when the surface of the earth was evidently dry, and
light sprinklings of soft water, tempered in the stove, were occa-
sionally given over the leaves of the plants and path with good
effect. Steam from a well regulated flue was considered always
favorable to the cultivation, but applied sparingly on account of
its scalding effect upon the leaves, when the vapour proved
overheated. For the mildew, flower of brimstone, coloured
leaf-green by a little soot, has been applied with the best suc-
cess in all stages of the disease, and copious fumigations of
tobacco were used for the destruction of the several species of
the aphis tribe. Under this simple practice winter cucumbers
have been produced abundantly in the months of October, No-
vember, December, and part of January, in all the royal gar-
dens of His Majesty during a series of years." Aiton ex encycl.
gard. p. 642, 643.
Cultivation of the cucumber in Week's patent frame.— Only
two instances in which this ingenious invention has been tried are
known to us, both of which are mentioned at the end of " Week's
Forcer's Assistant." The chief objection to it is, that the bed or
stratum of earth in which the plants are grown, being but of mo-
derate depth, and surrounded by air above and below, is ex-
tremely difficult to retain at an equable moisture. There are
several other structures for growing cucumbers and melons in
besides those mentioned above ; but none of them appear to us
to be of much importance.
On a mode of producing a crop of cucumbers during whiter. —
James Reed, (Gard. mag. 3. p. 23.) places his winter cucumber
bed in a vinery. In this vinery the air could be admitted both
by the front and top lights. About the 20th of September the
cucumber seeds were sown on a moderate hot-bed in the open
air, and heated in the usual manner until they were ready to
ridge out. This generally happened about the beginning of
8
CUCURBITACEjE. IV. CUCUMIS.
27
November, at which time the shoots of the vines were withdrawn
from the house, and a dung-bed formed in the floor of the
vinery in the usual way. After placing the frame and mould on
the bed, it may be left without the lights until the rank steam
has passed off. After this, the plants being placed in the hills,
and the sashes put on, the following are the leading features of
management during the winter. Make fires in the evening, so
as to warm the air of the house to from 56° to 60°, and in very-
severe frosts it may be raised to 70°. In the mornings of the
coldest weather, and shortest days, make a strong fire, so as to
raise the heat to nearly 70° when the house is shut up. About
8 o'clock, and from that time to half past 9, give plenty of fresh
air, by opening the front sashes and top lights, after which, and
' during the remainder of the day, give plenty of air to the
cucumbers, by tilting the sashes in the usual way. In mild
weather, and during sunshine, the lights may be taken en-
tirely off the cucumbers for some hours each day ; and imme-
diately after forming new linings, the top lights may be left
open a little all night to permit the escape of rank steam. The
advantage of this mode of growing cucumbers during winter is,
the comparative certainty of an early and good crop at one-third
of the trouble and expence of the common method out of doors.
By this practice fruit may be cut in January. The vines may
be introduced in the beginning of March, and will break beauti-
fully and regularly in consequence of the genial steam of the
dung. In April the shade of the vine leaves will have rendered
the house too dark for the culture of the cucumber, and as by
this time cucumbers are plentiful in the common hot-beds out of
doors, the bed in the vinery may be cleared away, and the vines
treated in the usual way till the following November.
Common or Cultivated Cucumber. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1573.
PI. trailing.
4 C. FLEXUOSUS (Lin. spec. 1437.) stems trailing, scabrous,
flexuous, cirrhiferous ; leaves cordate-ovate, somewhat lobed,
denticulated, stalked ; flowers in fascicles in the axils of the
leaves ; calyx very pilose ; fruit long, cylindrically-clavate, fur-
rowed, flexuous, replicate, white or yellow. 0- F. Native of
the East Indies. — Lob. stirp. p. 363. f. 2. Dodon. pempt. p. 66.
f. 2. Ger. herb. p. 763. f. 3. Fruit the size of a large pear,
eatable, and delicious. It is cultivated about Nagasaki and
elsewhere in Japan ; is ripe in June, and is called by the Dutch
Banket Melon.
far. ft, reflexus (Ser. mss.) leaves angularly-lobed. C. re-
flexus, Zieh.
Flexuous- fruited or. Banket Melon. Fl. May, Sept. Clt.
1597. PI. tr.
5 C. JAMAICE'NSIS (Bert, ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 46.) leaves
cordate, 3-lobed, quintuple-nerved, glabrous, quite entire, beset
with scabrous dots beneath ; lobes acuminated ; fruit nearly glo-
bose. Q. F. Native of Jamaica.
Jamaica Melon. Fl. June, Sep. Clt. 1824. Pl.tr.
6 C. MACROCA'RPOS (Wenderoth ex Mart, reise. bras, ex Lin-
naea. 5. p. 39.) leaves cordate, rather angular, acutish, sharply-
denticulated, scabrous from hairs ; fruit oblong, obsoletely striat-
ed and spotted, remotely tuberculated. Q. F. Native of Brazil.
Long-fruited Cucumber. PI. tr.
7 C. CHA'TE (Lin. spec. 1437.) plant very villous ; stems
trailing, bluntly pentagonal, flexuous ; leaves petiolate, roundish,
bluntly angled, denticulated ; flowers small, on short peduncles;
fruit pilose, elliptic, tapering to both ends. ©. F. Native of
Egypt and Arabia. — Alp. exot. segyp. p- 54. t. 40. — Bauh. hist.
2. p. 248. f. 3. The fruit is rather watery ; the flesh almost of
the same substance with the melon ; the taste somewhat sweet,
and cool as the water-melon. The grandees and Europeans in
Egypt eat it as the most pleasant fruit they have, and that from
which they have least to apprehend. With us it is very indif-
ferent. It is most common in the fertile soil around Cairo, after
the inundation of the Nile. Chate is the Egyptian name of the
plant.
Chate or Hairy Cucumber or Melon. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.
1759. Pl.tr.
8 C. DUDA'IM (Lin. spec. 1437.) plant hispid ; lower leaves
roundish, upper ones somewhat 5-lobed, cordate at the base,
denticulated ; tendrils simple ; petals ovate-roundish ; male
flowers having the calyx rounded at the base, the throat dilated,
and with the connectives longer than the anthers ; hermaphro-
dite flowers having the tube of the calyx ovate and pilose ; stig-
mas 4-6 ; fruit globose, smoothish, variegated, rarely warted :
with white sweet-scented, but insipid flesh. 0. F. Native of
Persia. And. bot. rep. t. 548. C. odoratissimus, Mcench,
meth. 654.— Dill. hort. elth. 223. t. 177. f. 218.— Walth. hort.
p. 133. t. 21. The fruit is variegated with green and orange,
and oblong unequal green spots ; when full ripe becoming yel-
low, and at length whitish. It has a very fragrant vinous musky
smell, and a whitish, flaccid, insipid pulp. Dudaim is the Hebrew
name of the fruit, rendered mandrake in Scripture, which is per-
haps C. prophetarum.
Dudaim or Apple-shaped Melon. Fl.Jul.Aug. Clt.l 705. Pl.tr.
9 C. CO'NOMON (Thunb. jap. p. 324.) plant rather pilose ;
stem trailing, striated ; leaves cordate, somewhat lobed, stalked,
rather pilose ; flowers small; fruit oblong, glabrous, 6-10-fur-
rowed; flesh firm. 0. F. Native of Japan. Fruit larger
than a man's head. Flowers aggregate, on rather hispid stalks.
This plant is cultivated every where in Japan for the sake of its
fruit, which, when preserved, is sold under the name of Conne-
mon, and is a common food among the Japanese. It is also fre-
quently eaten by the Dutch at Batavia, and is sometimes brought
to Holland.
Conomon Melon. PI. tr.
10 C. SE'PIUM (Meyer, prim, esseq. p. 278.) leaves cordate-
ovate, somewhat 5-lobed ; fruit oval, muricated, acuminated at
both ends. 0. F. Native of Guiana, in the island of Wac-
hanama. C. anguria, Reeusch, but not of Lin. ex Steud. nom.
It differs from our C. anguria in the leaves being subpalmate,
with angular recesses, and in the fruit being globosely-elliptic.
Hedge Melon. PI. tr.
11C. LINEA'TUS (Bosc. journ. hist. nat. 2. p. 251. t. 37.) stem
climbing, pentagonal ; tendrils trifid, longer than the leaves ;
leaves cordate, palmate, acutish, serrulated ; petioles short ;
flowers usually twin, almost sessile ; i'emale ones having an
oblong-ovate calyx, and lanceolate segments ; petals ovate,
refuse; fruit ovate-oblong, lined with green, 10-ribbed. O. F.
Native of Cayenne.
Lined- fruited Melon. Fl. June. Aug. Clt. 1825. Pl.tr.
12 C. PROPHETA'KUM (Lin. spec. 1436. amoan. acad. 4. p.
295.) stem trailing, striated ; leaves cordate, 5-lobed, denticu-
lated ; lobes obtuse; flowers axillary, 2-5-together, stalked;
male ones with a campanulate calyx, and obovate petals ; calyx
of the female flowers globose at the base, 12-striped, and his-
pid : limb campanulate, crowned by teeth ; fruit globose, echi-
nated, variegated, size of a cherry. 0. F. Native of Arabia.
Jacq. hort. vind. 1. 1. 9. — Blackw. herb. 589. C. grossularioides,
Hortul. The plant has a nauseous odour. The fruit equals the
Colocynth in bitterness.
Prophet's or Globe Cucumber. Fl.Ju.Sept. Clt.1777.Pl.tr.
13 C. AFRICA' NUS (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 423.) stems trailing, an-
gular ; leaves cordate, 5-lobed ; lobes acutish ; peduncles fili-
form ; fruit ovate-oblong, much echinated. $ . F. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 980. — Herm. par.
p. 134. t. 36. Flowers small. Very like C. prophetarum.
African Cucumber. Fl. June, Aug. PI. tr.
14 C. ANGU'RIA (Lin. spec. 1436. but not of Raeusch. ex Steud.
28
CUCURBITACE^E. IV. CUCUMIS. V. LUKFA.
nom.) stems rather filiform, cirrhiferous ; leaves palmately-si-
nuated, cordate at the base, scabrous ; flowers usually solitary,
size of those of Brydnia dioica ; fruit globose, echinated, white.
0. F. Native of Jamaica. C. echinatus, Moench, meth. p.
654.— Mill. icon. t. 33. — Pluk. phyt. t. 170. f. 3. Very like
C. prophelai~um. The fruit of this kind of cucumber is eaten
when green by the inhabitants of the West India Islands ;
but these are far inferior to our common cucumber. The
fruit seldom grows so large as a pullet's egg, and is shaped
like it ; and the rind is closely beset with blunt prickles. It
is frequently used in the sugar islands with other herbs in
soups, and is esteemed an agreeable and wholesome ingredient
in them, ayyovpiov, angourion, one of the Greek names of the
cucumber ; hence the specific name.
Anguria or Round Prickly-fruited Cucumber. Fl. June, Aug.
Clt. 1692. PI. tr.
15 C. CITRIJ'LLUS (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 301.) plant
very pilose ; stems trailing, cirrhiferous ; leaves bluntly pinnate,
or many-parted, rather glaucous ; flowers solitary, each fur-
nished with one oblong bractea ; fruit nearly globose, gla-
brous, with starry spots. Q. F. Native of tropical Africa
and the East Indies. Cucurbita citrullus, Lin. spec. 1435. Cu-
curbita anguria, Duchesn. in Lam. diet. 2. p. 158 — Black w.
herb. t. 157 — Lob. stirp. t. 36). f. 2. Park. Theatr. 771. f.
772. — Rumph. amb. 5. t. 146. f. 1. Samanka of the Hindoos.
Var. a, Pasteca (Ser. 1. c.) flesh of fruit firm, yellow, but not
very watery. This is the Yellow -fleshed Water Melon of the
English, and the Pasteque of the French.
Var. ft, Jace (Ser. 1. c.) flesh very watery, reddish. This is
the Red-fleshed Water Melon of the English, Melon d'eau of the
French, and the Jace of the Brazilians.
The water-melon is called wasser-melon in Germany, and coco-
mero in Italy. The plant serves both for food, drink, and physic
to the Egyptians. The fruit is eaten in abundance during the
season, which is from the beginning of May until the overflowing
of the Nile, that is, to the end of July. It is the only medicine
the common people use in ardent fevers : when it is ripe or
almost putrid, they collect the juice, and mix it with rose-water
and a little sugar. The fruit should be eaten cautiously by
Europeans, especially when taken in the heat of the day ; but it
is much used within the tropics, and in Italy. The fruit is large,
green externally, white fleshed, reddish towards the centre, juicy,
and refreshing, but not high flavoured. It is generally considered
the melon of the Jews, mentioned in various parts of the Bible.
It requires nearly the same treatment as the common melon,
but a larger frame to admit its more extended shoots to spread
themselves.
Citrul or Water Melon. Fl. May, Sep. Clt. 1597. PI. tr.
16 C. MURICA'TUS (Willd. spec. 4. p. 613.) leaves cordate and
angular, rather hoary ; angles rounded ; fruit cylindrical, muri-
cated ; male flowers aggregate, nearly sessile ; female ones soli-
tary. O- F. Native of Tranquebar.
Warted Cucumber. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. Pl.tr.
17 C. MEGACA'RPUS ; leaves palmate ; fruit long, ovate, very
full of anastomosing fibres, which look like net-work when the
fruit is dried up. ©• F. Native of Sierra Leone.
Large-fruited Cucumber. PL tr.
18 C. PUBE'SCENS (Willd. 1. c. p. 614.) leaves cordate, rather
angular, acutish, sharply toothed, scabrous : fruit, elliptic, ob-
tuse, pubescent, green, painted with more obscure narrow
stripes. Q. F. Native country unknown. Fruit 3 inches
long, elliptic, and an inch thick, obtuse at both ends, covered
with fine down.
Downy Cucumber. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1815. Pl.tr.
19 C. MACULA'TUS (Willd spec. 4. p. 614.) leaves cordate,
obsoletely angular, roundly obtuse, denticulated, scabrous ; fruit
elliptic, narrow at the base, glabrous, when young painted with
broad green stripes ; but when mature, white, variegated with
green spots ; connectives much longer than the anthers. (•)• F.
Native of Guinea. Fruit smooth. Ser. diss. 1. c. t. 3.
Spotted Cucumber. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl.tr.
20 C. COLOCY'NTHIS (Lin. spec. 1435.) stems trailing, rather
hispid ; leaves cordate-ovate, multifidly lobed, covered with
white pili beneath ; lobes obtuse ; petioles equalling the limb of
the leaf; tendrils short ; flowers axillary, solitary, pedunculate ;
female ones having the tube of the calyx globose, and rather his-
pid, crowned by a spreading campanulate limb, and narrow seg-
ments ; petals small ; fruit globose, glabrous, yellowish at
maturity, with a thin solid rind, and very bitter flesh. 0. F.
Native of Japan and Turkey. — Black w. herb. t. 441. — Sabb. hort.
1. t. 70. — Mor. hist. sect. 1. 1. 6. f. 1. Fruit about the size of
an orange. The colocynth is a native of Turkey. The fruit is
about the size of an orange ; its medullary part, freed from the
rind and seeds, is alone made use of in medicine ; this is very
light, white, spongy, composed of membranous plates, of an ex-
tremely bitter, nauseous, acrimonious taste. The fruit is ga-
thered in autumn, when it begins to turn yellow, and is then
peeled and dried quickly, either in a stove or in the sun. New-
mann got from 7680 parts, 1680 alcoholic extract, and then
2160 watery ; and inversely 3600 watery, and 224 alcoholic.
The seeds are perfectly bland, and highly nutritious ; and we
learn from Captain Lyon, that they constitute an important
article of food in Northern Africa. The extract of colocynth is
one of the most powerful and useful of cathartics, but there is
no more efficacious way of lessening its violence than by re-
ducing its dose.
Colocynth or Bitter Cucumber. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1551.
PI. tr. "
21 C. CAMPECHIA'NUS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
123.) stem cirrhiferous ; leaves cordate-roundish, sinuately 5-
lobed, toothed ; lobes rounded, intermediate one the largest ;
male flowers racemose, few ; tube of calyx villous ; fruit un-
known. ©.F. Native on the shores about Campeachy. Perhaps
a variety of C. prophetarum, according to Spreng. syst. 3. p. 47.
Campeachy Cucumber. PI. tr.
22 C. PERE'NNIS (E. James, exped. rock, mount. 2. p. 345.
and in isis. 1824. p. 235.) leaves triangularly cordate, with un-
dulated margins ; tendrils trichotomous ; lobes of calyx subu-
late ; fruit orbicular, smooth, usually 4-celled ; seeds ovate,
gibbous, with an acute margin. 1£. F. Native of or cultivated
in North America. Flowers about the size of those of Cucur-
bita Pepo. Fruit nearly sessile.
Perennial Cucumber. PI. tr.
Cult. See culture of the Cucumber and Melon in the open
air in the proper place, for the culture of the rest of the species.
V. LU'FFA (Louff is the Arabic name of L. jEgyptiaca).
Cav. icon. 1. p. 7. t. 9. D. C. prod. 3. p. 302 — Cucumis
species of authors, and Momordica species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Monce^cia, Pentdndria, Male flowers yellow, in
panicles ; tube of calyx hemispherical, with the segments longer
than the tube. Petals free, deciduous from being ruptured at
the base. Stamens 5, not joined. Anthers very flexuous.
Female flowers solitary ; tube of calyx oblong-clavated, with
the segments shorter than the tube. Stamens almost abortive.
Stigmas reniform. Fruit ovate, 3-celled. Seeds 2-lobed at the
base, reticulated. Flowers yellow.
1 L. FOZ'TIDA (Cav. icon. 1. p. 7. t. 9.) stem furrowed : leaves
cordate, 5-7-angled, scabrous ; the angles acute and serrated ;
tendrils umbellate ; fruit mucronate, not crowned by the limb of
the calyx. Q. F. Native of the East Indies, the islands of
Bourbon and France, as well as in many places on the western
CUCURBITACE^E. V. LUFFA. VI. BENINCASA. VII. ERYTHROPALUM.
29
coast of Africa, in fields, hedges, and among bushes. Sims,
bot. mag. 1638. Ojong Bulustru is its Hindoo name.
Fetid Luffa. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1812. Pl.tr.
2 L. CORDIFOLIA (Blume, bijdr. p. 929.) leaves cordate, acumi-
nated, sharply toothed, scabrous ; flowers dioecious ; male ones
rather umbellate : female ones solitary ; fruit furrowed and
wrinkled. 0. F. Native of Java, on the mountains, where it
is called by the natives Aroy kajoraajan, Aroy Kalayar burriet,
but Tirvuk by the Hindoos.
Heart-leaved Luffa. PI. tr.
3 L. ACUTA'NGULA (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 302.) stem
twisted ; leaves cordate, somewhat 5-lobed, acutely toothed ;
tendrils undivided, or 2-S-cleft; fruit clavate, 10-angled,
crowned by the linear calycine segments: the rind hard; seeds
flat, roundish-oblong, black and shining at maturity. Q. F.
Native of China, and plentiful in India near the habitations of
the Indians Cucumis acutangulus, Lin. spec. 1436. Jacq. hort.
vind. 3. p. 73, 74. ex Lam. diet. 2. p. 74. — Rheed. mal. 8. t. 7.
— Rumph. amb. 5. p. 408. t. 149. Drlngi is the Hindoo name
of the plant. Leaves like those of Tussilago Pelasites or Vltis,
with the scent of Datura stramonium. Male flowers umbellate,
female ones solitary. Fruit insipid, but is eaten by the natives
of India boiled or pickled.
Acute-angled Luffa. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1692. Pl.tr.
4 L. PLUKENETIA'NA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 302.)
leaves cordate, doubly toothed ; tendrils 2-3-cleft ; fruit ob-
ovate, crowned by the marcescent limb of the calyx. Q. F.
Native of the East Indies. Cucumis acutangulus ft, Lam. diet.
2. p. 74.— Pluk. phyt. t. 172. f. 1.
PPlukenet's Luffa. PI. tr.
5 L. CA'TTU-PICINNA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 303.)
stem tetragonal ; leaves cordate, roundish, somewhat 5-lobed,
angular ; sepals broadly ovate, acuminated ; fruit oblong-ellip-
tic, mucronate, lined with warts, and crowned by the calycine
segments ; seeds ovate. O- F. Native of Malabar. — Cattu-
picinna, Rheed. mal. 8. p. 15. t. 8. Leaves nearly the size and
form of those of Althce"a rbsea. Male flowers size of those of
Pcebnla tenuijolia.
Cattu-pmnna Luffa. PI. tr.
6 L. jEcYPiiACA (Mill, diet.) leaves roundish-cordate, lobed ;
lobes angular, cut at the base, with incumbent margins ; tendrils
simple ; fruit obovate-clavate, 10-angled, crowned by the seg-
ments of the calyx. O- !"• Native of Arabia. Momordica
Luffa, Lin. spec. 1433. L. Arabum, Alp. pi. aegypt. p. 199. t.
58 — Mor. hist. 2. p. 35. sect. 1. t. 7. f. 1, 2.— Sabb. hort. 1.
t. 62. The Arabians call the plant Liffor Louff '; they cultivate
it, and it climbs up the palm-trees, covering, and elegantly
adorning their trunks. It is also cultivated largely in China
and Cochin-china, if Loureiro's plant be the same (Coch. p.
590.). The fruit when young is made into a pickle, like the
mango, but it has a disagreeable taste, and is not accounted very
wholesome.
Egyptian Luffa. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1739. PI. cl.
7 L. PE'TOLA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 303.) stems
terete ; leaves cordate, 5-7-lobed ; lobes acute, serrated, middle
one very long ; tendrils bifid ; segments of the calyx oblong and
bluntish ; petals obcordate, toothed, shorter than the calycine
segments ; fruit obovate-clavate, mucronate, woolly, afterwards
furrowed, green, spotted with white, with watery flesh. Q. F.
Native of the East Indies. — Petola, Rumph. amb. 5. p. 405.
t. 147.
Petola Luffa. PI. tr.
8 L. PENTA'NDRA (Wall. cat. no. 6751.) leaves cordate, downy,
5-7-lobed, mucronately denticulated : middle lobe the longest;
female peduncles 1 -flowered, solitary : male ones umbellate ? Q.
F. Native of the East Indies, in Rungpur and Munggeri.
Pentandrous Luffa. PI. tr.
9 L. GRAVEVOLENS (Roxb. ex Wall. cat. no. 6752.) downy;
leaves cordate, obsoletely lobed, and mucronately denticulated ;
flowers axillary, 2-4-together, on very short peduncles ; fruit
muricated. 0. F. Native of the East Indies, in Munikapur.
Strong-scented Luffa. PI. tr.
10 L. AMA'RA (Wall. cat. no. 6754.) scabrous ; leaves cordate,
5-7-lobed, middle lobe the longest, all acute ; female peduncles
1 -flowered, solitary: male ones racemose; fruit long, downy.
©. F. Native of the East Indies, in Rungpur and Gualpara.
Bitter Luffa. PI. tr.
11 L. HEDERA'CEA (Wall. cat. no. 6755.) leaves cordate, pal-
mately 5-lobed, mucronately denticulated ; female peduncles
1-flowered, solitary : male ones racemose ; fruit oblong. ©. F.
Native of the Burman Empire, at Amherst, and below Melloon.
Ivy-like Luffa. PI. tr.
12 L. ECHINA'TA (Roxb. ex Wall. cat. no. 6756.) scabrous ;
leaves cordate, 5-lobed ; lobes rounded, mucronately denticu-
lated ; female peduncles 1-flowered, solitary; male ones um-
bellately racemose ; fruit roundish, echinated by spines. ©. F.
Native of the East Indies, in Bandil, Deyra, and Dhoon.
Echinated-frmted Luffa. PI. tr.
13 L. SATPA'TIA (Hamilt. ex Wall. cat. no. 6757.) scabrous;
leaves cordate, angularly toothed; peduncles racemose. ©. F.
Native of the East Indies, in Nathpur, where it is called Sat-
patia.
Satpatia Luffa. PI. tr.
14 L. PA'RVULA (Hamilt. ex Wall. cat. no. 6758.) roughish ;
leaves 5-7-lobed ; lobes acuminated, mucronately denticulated ;
female peduncles 1-flowered, solitary ; fruit long, downy when
young. ©. H. Native of the East Indies, in Puraniya.
Small Luffa. PI. tr.
Cult. Sow the seeds in a hot-bed, and afterwards treat the
plants as recommended for ridging out cucumbers.
VI. BENINCA^SA (in honour of Count Benincasa, an Ita-
lian nobleman). Savi, mem. cucurb. 1818. p. 6. with a figure.
Delile, mem. acad. sc. par. 1824. 7. p. 395. D. C. prod. 3.
p. 303.
LIN. SYST. Polygamia, Monoecia. Flowers polygamous,
monoecious, solitary, yellow. Segments of the calyx short,
broad, with undulated, toothed margins. Stamens in 3 bundles
in the male flowers, divaricate. Petals obovate-roundish, curled,
and undulated ; anthers very irregular, with distant convolutions.
Female flowers with the stamens as in the males, but usually
nearly abortive. Stigmas very thick and irregular. Seeds with
thickish margins.
1 B. CERIFERA (Savi, 1. c.) plant very hairy, with a musky
scent ; leaves cordate, somewhat 5-lobed ; lobes acutish and
crenated ; tendrils simple ; fruit ovate-cylindrical, woolly, pen-
dulous, green. ©. F. Native of the East Indies. Cucurbita
cerifera, Fisch. cat. hort. Gorenk. ex Savi, 1. c. B. cylindrica,
Hortul. Cumbulam, Rheed. mal. 8. p. 5. t. 3. The fruit is
either short or long, but always covered with numerous fragile
hairs, and clothed with glaucous, glittering bloom. Flowers
sometimes hermaphrodite.
Wax-bearing Benincasa. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1827. PI. tr.
Cult. Sow the seeds on a hot-bed in spring ; and afterwards
treat the plants as in ridging out cucumbers.
VII. ERYTHROPA'LUM (from epvBpof, erythros, red, and
TraXoc, palos, a shaking ; application not evident). Blum, bijdr.
p. 921. D. C. prod. 3. p. 303.
LIN. SYST. Monoecia, Pentdndria. Flowers monoecious,
perhaps only from abortion. Limb of calyx obsoletely 5-
toothed. Petals 5, ovate, alternating with the teeth of the
30
CUCURBITACEjE. VIII. TURIA. IX. BBYONIA.
calyx, bicallous at the base inside. Stamens 5, opposite the
petals, borne at the margin of the tube ; filaments short; anthers
erect, dehiscing at the side. Style short. Fruit clavate, 1-
celled, 3-valved ; valves fleshy, partible into two. Seed one
coated.
1 E. SCA'NDENS (Blum, bijdr. p. 922.) shrub climbing; leaves
stalked, rather peltate, oblong, acuminated, quite entire, gla-
brous ; peduncles branched, axillary ; pedicels rather umbellate.
J? . w. S. Native of the East India Islands, on the mountains,
particularly in Java, where it is called Aroy rvuat Ban kong by
the natives.
Climbing Erythropalum. Shrub cl.
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand, or vegetable
mould, will suit this plant ; and cuttings will grow freely in the
same kind of soil, if placed in heat.
VIII. TIPRI A (Arabic name of one of the species). Forsk.
fl. aegypt. p. 165. no. 35. Lam. diet. 8. p. 139. D. C. prod.
3. p. 303.
LIN. SYST. Monoecia, Pentdndria. Flowers monoecious,
male ones umbellate. Calyx 5 -parted ; segments lanceolate,
spreading. Corolla 5-petalled, rotate, yellow. Stamens 5,
erect, filiform, in 3 bundles ; anthers irregularly curled ; rudi-
ment of germ half globose. Female flowers having the calyx
and corolla as in the male, but with the stamens castrated.
Germen cylindrical, thickened. Stigmas 3, 2-lobed. Fruit
cylindrical ? attenuated, villous, warted.
1 T. CYLINDRICA (Forsk. 1. c.) stems twining, 5-angled, sca-
brous ; leaves palmate ; lobes toothed ; tendrils trifid ; fruit
terete, attenuated at both ends, villous, crowned by the style
and calyx. — Native of Arabia Felix. Gmel syst. nat. 1. p. 403.
ex Lam. diet. 8. p. 140. Flowers yellow.
C^/<n<fn'ca/-fruited Turia. PI. tw.
2 T. LELOJA (Forsk. 1. c. p. 165.) stem striated, mealy;
leaves 3-lobed, cordate at the base ; lobes angular, middle one
longest, but not lobed ; fruit conical, glabrous ; seeds size of a
small pea. T£. F. Native of Arabia. Gmel. syst. nat. 1.
p. 403. ex Lam. diet. 8. p. 140. Leloja is the Arabian name
of the plant. Flowers green.
Leloja Turia. PI. tw.
3 T. COIIDA'TA (Lam. diet. 8. p. 140.) leaves cordate, angular,
ciliated, 2 inches long — Native of Arabia Felix. The fruit,
when matured, opens at top by a lid, and ejects its seeds with
force. Forsk. fl. aegypt. p. 166.
Cordate-leaved Turia. PI. trailing.
4 T. GIJEP (Forsk. 1. c. p. 166.) stem 6-angled, scabrous;
leaves 3-lobed, denticulated, scabrous on both surfaces ; fruit
ovate, 10-furrowed, glabrous. — Native of Arabia. Flowers
small, green. Fruit smaller than a nut, greyish at maturity,
dehiscing, with revolute valves. Gijef is the Arabic name of
the plant.
Gijef Turia. PI. trailing.
5 T. MO'GHADD (Forsk. aegypt. 1. c.) Stem terete, smooth ;
leaves 3-lobed, quite entire ; lateral lobes somewhat 3-lobed ;
fruit oval-oblong, quite glabrous. — Native of Arabia Felix.
Flowers large, white. Immature fruit green, spotted with white,
but when mature yellow and eatable. Moghadd is the Arabian
name of the species.
Moghadd Turia. PI. trailing.
Cult, See Cucurbita, p. 41. for culture and propagation.
IX. BRYO'NIA (from/Spvw, bryo, to sprout up; in reference
to the rapid growth of the annual stems, or because the species
raise themselves by laying hold of other shrubs with their ten-
drils). Lin. gen. no. 1480. Juss. gen. p. 394. Gaertn. fruct.
t. 88. D. C. prod. 3. p. 304. Solena, Lour. coch. Cucumis
species of some authors. Cucumeroldes, Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 485.
t. 180. f. 4.
LIN. SYST. Monoecia, Polyadelphia. Flowers monoecious
or dioecious. Petals joined at the base. Male flowers with a
5-toothed calyx. Stamens in 3 bundles ; anthers flexuous.
Female flowers with a trifid style. Fruit ovate or globose,
smooth ; perhaps always few-seeded. Seeds ovate, hardly com-
pressed, more or less margined. Tendrils simple, rarely forked.
* Leaves angular.
1 B. ROSTRA'TA (Roltl. nov. act. berol. 4. p. 212. and Willd.
spec. 4. p. 616.) stem filiform, furrowed ; leaves cordate, obtuse,
denticulated, scabrous ; peduncles axillary, solitary ; fruit ovate,
angular, acuminated. ©. F. Native of Tranquebar. Fruit
the size of a pea. Plant scabrous, but when cultivated it be-
comes smooth in every part. The root of this species is pre-
scribed in India internally in electuary, in cases of piles.
Rostrate-fruited Bryony. PI. cl.
2 B. PERROTETIA'NA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 304.)
tendrils simple, capillary ; leaves broadly cordate, ungulate, ses-
sile, villous, scabrous, with undulated margins ; male flowers
twin, on pilose peduncles : female flowers sessile ; fruit ending
in a long taper point, sessile, clothed with very long and very
numerous hairs ; seeds compressed, bay-coloured, granularly
edged, and covered with adpressed hairs. 1J..S. Native of
Senegal. Flowers white.
Perrotet's Bryony. PI. cl.
3 B. MUCRONA'TA (Blume, bijdr. p. 923.) leaves cordate-
ovate, mucronate, rather angular, and repandly denticulated,
scabrous from dots above, and smooth beneath ; flowers in fas-
cicles, dioecious ; berry oval. 7/ . S. Native of the East In-
dies, on the mountains, where it is called Pariagengie by the
natives.
Far. /3, denticulata (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 304.) leaves all
undivided, obsoletely denticulated ; fruit usually contracted in
the middle. If. . S. Growing among bushes about Buuenzorg
in Java.
Mucronate-\ea.ved Bryony. PI. cl.
4 B. SCA'BRA (Thunb. prod. 13.) leaves cordate, angular,
toothed, beset with callous dots above and with pili beneath,
therefore scabrous on both surfaces ; flowers umbellate ; fruit
globose ; seeds smooth. "V. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. The tender shoots of this plant are aperient, having
been previously Toasted.
Scabrous Bryony. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1774. PI. cl.
5 B. VERRUCOSA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 285. ed. 2.
vol. 5. p. 246.) leaves cordate, angular, beset with callous dots
beneath as well as on the veins above ; tendrils usually simple ;
fruit globose, nearly sessile. %. G. Native of the Canary
Islands. Willd. spec. 4. p. 616. Fruit the size of a sloe.
Parted-leaved Bryony. Clt. 1779. PI. cl.
6 B. SCABRA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 923.) leaves cordate, cuspi-
date, undivided, and somewhat angular, denticulated, scabrous
above, rough on the veins beneath ; flowers monoecious ; umbels
on short peduncles ; fruit globose.^Native of the East Indies,
on the mountains, particularly in Java. Cucurbita scabra, Blum,
cat. hort. buit. no. 105. Aroy korreg kottok of the Javanese.
Allied to B, scabra and B. Japonica.
Hough Bryony. PI. cl.
7 B. PUNCTA'TA (Thunb. prod. 13.) leaves cordate, angular,
callous above, and pilose beneath ; peduncles 1 -flowered. Tf. . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
.Doited-leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
8 B. REPA'NDA (Blum, bijdr. p. 923.) leaves cordate, cuspi-
date, repandly denticulated, scabrous above and puberulous be-
neath ; umbels pedunculate ; flowers dioecious ; berries globose.
CUCURBITACEjE. IX. BRYONIA.
31
I/ . S. Native of Java, in the higher mountain woods of Bu-
rangrang.
Repand-leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
9 B. CORDA'TA (Thunb. in Hoffm. phyt. blatt. 5. ex Pers.
ench. 2. p. 594.) leaves cordate, scabrous, denticulated ; flowers
axillary, twin. 2£. S. Native country unknown. B. Thun-
bergiana, Dietr. ex Steud. nom.
Heart-leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
10 B. ANGULA'TA (Thunb. prod. 13.) leaves 5-angled, sca-
brous on both surfaces ; flowers umbellate. If. . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope.
Angular-leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
11 B. LEUCOCA'RPA (Blume, bijdr. p. 924.) leaves ovate-ob-
long, acuminated, deeply cordate at the base, somewhat repandly
denticulated, beset with rough dots above, paler beneath ; pe-
duncles usually twin, few-flowered ; flowers monoecious ; ber-
ries globose. 2/ . S. Native of Java, at the foot of Mount
Salak.
While-fruited Bryony. PI. cl.
12 B. ACUTA'NGULA (Thunb. prod. 13.) leaves angular,
entire, smooth, glabrous. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope.
Acute-angled-leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
13 B. GRA'NDIS (Lin. mant. p. 126.) leaves cordate, lobed,
beset with callous dots above and glandular at the base beneath :
terminal lobe obtuse ; tendrils simple ; fruit oblong, prickly at
the base ; prickles few, reflexed (ex icon. Burm.) reddish. ~1/. .S.
Native of the East Indies. Lour. coch. 595. — Rumph. amb. 5.
t. 166. f. 1. Peduncles 1-flowered. Flowers large, whitish,
androgynous. Berries red.
Great Bryony. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1783. PI. cl.
14 B. MOIMOI (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 305.) leaves
cordate, 5-angled, acutely denticulated : terminal angle elon-
gated and acute ; tendrils simple ; fruit prickly at the base ;
prickles few, reflexed; fruit red. 1{. S. Native of Ceylon
and of Senegal, in hedges, in which last place it is called Molmoi,
according to Adanson. Seneg. p. 159. Burm. zeyl. t. 19. f. 1.
Flowers large, white.
Moimoi Bryony. PI. cl.
15 B. GEMINA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 924.) leaves ovate-cordate,
or somewhat hastate, bluntish, obsoletely denticulated, scabrous
from dots ; flowers pedunculate, twin, monoecious ; berries oval.
% . S. Native of Java, about Linga-jattie at the foot of Mount
Tjerimai, where it is called Wamaluhan by the natives.
7Wn-flowered Bryony. PI. cl.
16 B. COCHINCHINE'NSIS (Lour. coch. 595.) leaves 5-angled,
rough ; flowers monoecious, large, axillary, solitary, on long
peduncles; fruit ovate, acutish at both ends, 10-angled, red,
smooth ; seeds oblong-ovate, compressed, smooth. If. . G.
Native of Cochin-china, in hedges. Flowers white.
Cochin-china Bryony. PI. cl.
17 B. ABYSSI'NICA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 497.) stem villous at the
apex ; tendrils simple ; leaves cordate, toothed, large, soft,
nearly glabrous : upper ones angularly-lobed ; petioles and pe-
duncles very villous ; flowers twin, yellow ; fruit unknown.
% . G. Native of Abyssinia and neighbouring parts of Africa.
Abyssinian Bryony. PI. cl.
18 B. JAPONICA (Thunb. jap. p. 325.) leaves cordate, undi-
vided, and angular, toothed, green above, and beset with very
minute hairs : pale beneath, and beset with scaly dots. If. . G.
Native of Japan, near Nagasaki.
Japan Bryony. PI. cl.
19 B. SAGITTA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 925.) leaves on short pe-
tioles, sagittate, glaucescent beneath ; male peduncles subumbel-
late, female ones 1-flowered. "%. S. Native of Java, about
Batavia, in humid bushy places. Allied to B. heterophylla and
B. umbellata.
Sagittate-leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
20 B. BLU'MEI (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 305.) leaves
ovate-cordate, or cordately-sagittate, acuminated, repandly den-
ticulated, scabrous ; flowers monoecious, male ones umbellate,
female ones solitary ; berries oblong. %. S. Native of Java,
near Batavia, among bushes. B. heterophylla, Blum, bijdr.
p. 925., but not of Steud. Allied to B. marginala.
Blume' s Bryony. PI. cl.
21 B. MAROINA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 924.) leaves cordate-ovate,
acuminated, rather angular at the base, obsoletely denticulated,
marginate, rough ; umbels on long peduncles ; berries oblong.
I/ . S. Native of Java, about Rompien, where it is called Korro-
ronteng Kambien by the natives.
Marginate-leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
22 B. UMBELLA'TA (Klein ex Willd. spec. 4. p. 618.) leaves
oblong-cordate, glabrous on both surfaces, dotted above, re-
motely denticulated, rather angular at the base : upper ones
hastately 2-lobed ; peduncles axillary, umbellate ; fruit unknown.
y. . S. Native of the East Indies. B. Teedonda, Roxb. B.
hastata, Lour. coch. 594. ?— Rheed. mal. 8. p. 51. t. 26.?
Flowers white. Berries red.
Umbellate-fiov/ered Bryony. PI. cl.
23 B. AMPLEXICAU'LIS (Lam. diet. 1 . p. 496.) stem angular,
glabrous ; leaves smooth, cordate, rather angular, stem-clasping,
dotted, and glaucous beneath ; upper leaves generally narrowly
3-lobed ; flowers small, solitary, axillary, pedunculate ; fruit
solitary, acuminated, smooth. ^ . S. Native of the East
Indies, Flowers white.
Stem-clasping -leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
24 B. ? HETEROPHY'LLA (Steud. nom. p. 123.) lower leaves
cordate, upper ones cordate or denticulated ; tendrils solitary ;
flowers solitary, pedunculate, hermaphrodite ; fruit scarlet ;
seeds blackish. I/ . S. Native of Cochin-china and China.
Solena heterophylla, Lour. coch. p. 514. Flowers pale.
Variable-leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
25 B. PUBE'SCENS (Poir. diet, suppl. 1. p. 731.) stem pilose;
leaves cordate, somewhat 5-lobed ; lobes acute, with spiny
teeth ; petioles villous ; tendrils long, much branched ; flowers
small, white, downy, umbellate. If.. G. Native of the Levant.
Flowers whitish.
Downy Bryony. PL cl.
26 B. MADERASPATA'NA (Berg. pi. cap. p. 351.) stem angu-
lar, cirrhose, glabrous ; leaves cordate, oblong, acuminated,
toothed, scabrous from small callose dots above, hairy beneath ;
stipulas ? awl-shaped, solitary ; flowers twin, axillary. O- S.
Native of the East Indies. Cucumis Maderaspatana, Lin. spec.
1438.— Pluk. aim. t. 170. f. 2.
Madras Bryony. PI. cl.
27 B. HEDER^EFOLIA (Jacq. fragm. 73. no. 230. t. 113.) dio-
ecious ; root thick, fleshy ; stem terete, glabrous, with the in-
ternodes distant ; tendrils very long, simple ; leaves cordate,
somewhat 5-angled, quite entire, rather wrinkled above, and
hispid beneath ; racemes simple, many-flowered ; calycine seg-
ments of the male flowers lanceolate and acute ; lobes of the
corolla ovate, acute, yellowish. If. . S. Native of Teneriffe.
Flowers yellowish.
Ivy-leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
28 B. ALTH^OIDES (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 306.) stem
filiform, furrowed, rough, with the internodes longer than the
leaves ; tendrils simple, narrow, and spirally twisted ; leaves
cordate, lanceolate, on short petioles, somewhat 5-angled, bluntly
toothed, clothed with a kind of rough tomentum beneath ; ter-
minal lobe elongated ; fruit thin, globose, sessile, smooth ; seeds
wrinkled from dots, girded by a slender zone. If. . S. Native
of the island of Timor. Flowers white,
AlthaEU-Uke Bryony. PI. cl.
- 29 B. ? PEDUNCULOSA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 306.)
32
CUCURBITACE.E. IX. BRYONIA.
plant pilose ; stem filiform, striated, having distant internodes ;
tendrils bifid ; leaves on long petioles, cordate, long-acuminated,
crenately toothed, beset with long, distant hairs ; flowers large,
in loose racemes ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; pedicels
long, pilose ; fruit unknown. I/ . G. Native of Nipaul.
Long-peduncled Bryony. PI. cl.
SO B. RHE'EDH (Blum, bijdr. p. 925.) leaves on short pe-
tioles, oblong, cordate, rather angular at the base, remotely den-
ticulated, smoothish, dotted above, glaucous beneath ; upper
leaves hastately 3-lobed ; male pedicels disposed in dense ra-
cemes, 1-flowered, bearing one bractea in the middle of each,
female pedicels solitary, 1 -flowered. I/ . S. Native of Java and
Malabar, on the mountains. Rheed. mal. 8. t. 26. The plant
is called Aroy-hui- Walleh by the natives of Java.
Rhcede's Bryony. PI. cl.
* * Leaves lobed.
31 B. EPIG/EVA (Rottl. in nov. act. berol. 4. p. 223.) stem fur-
rowed, glabrous ; leaves coriaceous, somewhat cordately 3-lobed,
obsoletely denticulated, rough : lateral lobes somewhat 2-lobed,
intermediate one elongated, acuminated ; flowers monoecious,
male ones umbellate, female ones solitary ; berries globose.
If. . S. Native of Java, about Rompien, in corn fields. Willd.
spec. 4. p. 610. — Blum, bijdr. p. 925. Corro-konteng of the
natives of Java. The root of this species was once supposed to
be the famous colomba-root, to which it approaches very nearly
in quality.
Earth Bryony. Clt. 1815. PI. cl.
32 B. SCABRE'LLA (Lin. suppl. 424.) stem muricated, hispid ;
leaves 3-lobed, toothed, callosely hispid on both surfaces : lateral
lobes dilated, angular, intermediate one elongated ; petioles hispid ;
flowers axillary, nearly sessile, numerous ; fruit nearly globose,
beset with a few obverse strigae ; seeds muricated. 0. F.
Native of the East Indies. Willd. spec. 4. p. 619. Baboon
tengang of the Hindoos. Flowers yellow. Habit of Meldthria.
Var. a. ; leaves smaller ; seeds tuberculated. Blume, 1. c.
Var. ft ; leaves coarsely toothed, as in the preceding variety,
and beset with setaceous strigae ; berries elliptic-globose. Blume,
1. c.
Rottghish Bryony. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1781. PL cl.
33 B. LATEBROSA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 384. ed.
2. vol. 5. p. 347.) leaves somewhat 3-lobed, pilose, attenuated
at the base, hardly cordate, running down the petiole on one side
only. 1f..G. Native of the Canary Islands. Flowers whitish.
Dark Bryony. Fl. June. Clt. 1779. PI. cl.
34 B. TRILOBA'TA (Thunb. prod. 13. but not of Lour.) leaves
3-lobed, smooth above, and scabrous beneath. If. . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope.
Three-lobed-leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
35 B. STIPULA'CEA (Willd. spec. 4. p. 620.) stem shrubby ?
furrowed ; tendrils trifid ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed, toothed, gla-
brous, smooth on both surfaces ; stipulas roundish, concave,
serrated ; flowers monoecious, solitary ; fruit ovate, acutish, gla-
brous, yellow, 5-celled, many-seeded. 1J..G. Native of Cochin-
china. B. triloba, Lour. coch. p. 595. but not of Thunb. B.
agrestis, Raeusch. ex Steud. nom. phan. p. 123. Flowers white.
Var. /3; perpitsilla (Blum, bijdr. p. 926.) leaves membra-
nous, deeply cordate, 3-lobed, obsoletely denticulated, scabrous
from dots above, smooth beneath : lateral lobes rather angular,
intermediate one elongated, acuminated ; flowers umbellate,
monoecious ; fruit pea-formed. I/ . S. Cucurbita perpusilla,
Blum. cat. hort. buit. p. 105. Native of Java, in the shady
parts of mountains. The plant is called Hampru Bogor, and
Korres koda by the Javanese.
Large- stipuled Bryony. PI. cl.
36 B. AMERICA'NA (Lam. diet. 1, p. 498.) root thick; stem
angular ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed, angular, wrinkled, with spine-
formed teeth ; lobes of corolla narrow, white inside ; fruit ovate,
red, few-seeded ; seeds compressed. I/ . S. Native of the An-
tillis. — Plum. spec. 3. icon. p. 66. ex Willd. spec. 4. p. 620.
American Bryony. PI. cl.
37 B. GUINEE'NSIS ; leaves cordate, petiolate, 5 -lobed ; lobes
acute, toothed ; peduncles axillary, many-flowered ; tendrils
axillary. 1J.''\ S. Native of Sierra Leone. Flowers red.
Guinea Bryony. PI. tw.
38 B. CORDIF^LIA (Lin. spec. p. 1438.) leaves cordate, oblong,
5-lobed, toothed, scabrous, bidentate at the top of the petiole.
If.. S. Native of Ceylon. Flowers white. The root of this
plant is considered cooling, and to possess virtues in complaints
requiring expectorants.
Heart-leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
39 B. A'LBA (Lin. spec. p. 621.) stem climbing ; leaves cor-
date, 5-lobed, toothed, scabrous from callous dots ; terminal
lobe hardly longer than the rest ; tendrils twin ; flowers race-
mose, monoecious ; stamens distinct ; fruit globose, black ;
seeds unknown. I/ . H. Native of Europe, in woods and
hedges, as in Sweden, Denmark, and Carniola. Lam. ill. t. 769.
Fl. dan. t. 813. Flowers whitish or yellowish.
Black-berried white Bryony. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1807. PI. cl.
40 B. DIOI'CA (Jacq. fl. austr. t. 199.) stem climbing: leaves
cordate, palmately 5-lobed, toothed, scabrous from callous points ;
terminal lobe the longest and very dissimilar, perhaps always ;
tendrils simple ; flowers racemose, dioecious ; filaments pilose at
the base ; fruit globose, red ; seeds obovate -globose, rather
compressed, grey, variegated with black. Tf.. H. Native of
Europe, in hedges ; plentiful in England, particularly in calca-
reous counties. Smith, engl. hot. t. 439. Mill, fig t. 71. —
Blackw. herb. t. 37. B. alba, Huds. 437. Wood. med. bot. t.
189. Flowers white, with elegant green ribs and veins. The
root grows sometimes to an immense size ; it is a famous hydro-
gogue, and highly purgative and acrid, a drachm of it in sub-
stance, or half an ounce of it infused in wine, is said to be a full
dose ; others give 2 drachms in dropsical cases. As a purgative
it has great effect on some, while on others it has hardly any ;
but it frequently becomes diuretic and diaphoretic. A cold in-
fusion in water is used externally in sciatic pains. A cataplasm
of it is a most powerful discutient The best season to take up I
the roots for use is in autumn. It is called in English, white 1
mild vine, mild hops, mhite Bryony, mild nep, Tetter-berry.
Var. |8, lutea (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves deeply
lobed ; lateral lobes nearly linear, terminal one lanceolate, bi-
dentate laterally; fruit and seeds yellow. 1£. H. Native of
Auvergne, in hedges and woods.
Dioecioui '-flowered or red- berried white Bryony. Fl. May,
Sept. Britain. PI. cl.
41 B. NJTIDA (Link. enum. 2. p. 40 1.) leaves cordate, 5-lobed,
apiculated, scabrous from hairs : peduncles umbelliferous, l/.i
H. Native country unknown.
Shining Bryony. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1 824. PI. cl.
42 B. CRE'TICA (Lin. spec. 1439.) root fleshy ; stems climb
ing ; leaves cordate, 5-lobed, quite entire, ciliated, muricated on
both surfaces : terminal lobe the largest ; tendrils simple, spiral j
flowers dioecious : female ones axillary, twin ; fruit globos
red; seeds smooth, obovate. (•)• H. Native of Candia. Desf
coroll. p. 91. t. 70. ann. mus. 12. t. 17. Flowers pale.
Cretan Bryony. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1759. PI. cl.
43 B. QUINQUE'LOBA (Thunb. prod. 13.) flowers dioecious
leaves 5-lobed, scabrous above ; lobes very blunt, mucronatel;
toothed, auricled behind ; tendrils simple ; peduncles of ma
flowers 1-flowered, twin; calyx broadly campanulate, an
acutely toothed ; corolla campanulate, half 5-cleft ; fruit un
known. I/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ke
bot. reg. 82. Sims, bot. mag. 1820. Flowers brown.
Five-lobed-\en\ed Bryony. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. ? PI. cl.
CUCURBITACE^S. IX. BRYONIA. X. SICYOS.
44 B. NIPAULE'NSIS (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 307.)
stems numerous ; leaves palmately 5-lobed, scabrous above,
smooth beneath ; lobes narrow, very acute, almost entire : ter-
minal one very long : lateral ones divaricate, lower ones very
short or wanting ; petioles short ; male flowers in fascicles, nu-
merous, small ; peduncles unequal ; fruit unknown. O- ? H.
Native of Nipaul.
Nipaul Bryony. PI. cl.
45 B. FICIFOLIA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 498.) leaves 5-lobed, some-
what denticulated ; lobes deep, obtuse : petioles and stem hispid.
If., G. Native of Buenos Ayres. B. Bonariensis, Mill. diet.
— Dill. hort. elth. p. 58. t. 50. f. 58. Flowers whitish.
Fig-leaved Bryony. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1710. PI. cl.
46 B. ? ACU'TA (Desf. fl. all. 2. p. 360.) stem slender ; leaves
somewhat 7-lobed ; lobes lanceolate, acute, entire, or toothed ;
tendrils simple ; male peduncles many-flowered ; calycine seg-
ments narrow, acute; fruit unknown. %. H. Native of the
kingdom of Tunis, in hedges. Corolla campanulate, spreadingly
5-cleft, twice the size of that of B. alba.
A cute-\o\ae<\ Bryony. PI. cl.
47 B. VARIEGA'TA (Mill, diet.) leaves palmate, with lanceolate
segments, which are dotted above and smooth beneath. I/ . S.
Native of America. Fruit ovate, scattered.
Variegated Bryony. PI. cl.
48 B. MACROPHY'LLA (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 308 ) stem
thick, striated ; leaves cordate, lobed ; angles cut ; lobes toothed ;
petioles long ; male flowers large, racemose, on long peduncles :
female ones solitary, pedunculate ; fruit oblong, pilose. 1£ . S.
Native country unknown. Leaves large, size of those of the
common vine.
Large-leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
* * *
Leaves palmate.
49 B. RACEMOSA (Mill, diet, and Swartz, prod. 116. fl. ind.
occid. 2. p. 1148.) lower leaves rather palmate, upper ones 3-
lobed and undivided ; segments of the leaves ovate ; flowers
racemose ; pedicels rather secund ; fruit oval. 1£ . S. Native
of Jamaica and St. Domingo, in woods and hedges. — Plum,
amer. 83. t. 97. Root oblong, fleshy. Flowers yellowish.
.Racemose-flowered Bryony. PI. cl.
50 B. PINNATIFIDA (Burch. cat. geogr. no. 2098. voy. 1 .
p. 547.) leaves ternately pedate, with pinnutilid lobes, and
linear and oblong, obtuse, veinless segments. I/ . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope.
Pinnalifid-\eaved Bryony. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1815. PI. cl.
51 B. TENUIFOLIA (Gill. mss. ex Hook, et Arn. in bot.
misc. 3. p. 234.) leaves 3-parted ; segments bipinnatifid ; female
peduncles solitary, simple, equal in length to the petioles ; fruit
oval, smooth, 2-seeded. T(. . w. G. Native of Chili, in the
Pampas, in the province of Cordova ; and in sandy places near
Santa Fe, and also of Buenos Ayres. The vernacular name of
the plant is Agi del Torvo.
Fine-leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
52 B. L*:' vis (Thunb. prod. 13.) leaves cordate, palmate,
serrated, smooth ; flowers axillary, rather umbellate. If. . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Smooth Bryony. PI. cl.
53 B. PALMA'TA (Lin. spec. 1438.) leaves cordate, palmate,
smooth, 5-parted, with lanceolate, repandly serrated segments,
lateral segments the shortest; fruit large, globose. If.. S. Na-
! tive of Ceylon.
Palmate-leaved Bryony. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1778. PI. cl.
54 B. ? GARCINI (Willd. spec. 4. p. 623.) leaves palmately 5-
parted, with roundish-obovate, toothed lobes, scabrous above ;
stipulas, (probably bracteas,) kidney-shaped and ciliated. I/ . S.
Native of Ceylon. Burm. fl. ind. 311. t. 57. f. 3. Sicyos
Garcini, Lin. mant. 297. Perhaps a species of Momdrdica.
Garcin's Bryony. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. PI. cl.
55 B. ALCE^EFOLIA (Willd. 1. c. p. 624.) leaves palmately 5-
parted : with linear-lanceolate, 3-parted lobes, having scabrous
margins; tendrils simple ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered. 1(..S.
Native of the East Indies.
Hollyhock-leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
56 B. LACINIOSA (Lin. spec. 624.) leaves palmately 5-parted,
cordate, rough, and blistered: with oblong-lanceolate, acuminated,
serrated segments ; petioles muricated ; peduncles 1 -flowered,
muricated ; corollas hairy inside, or tomentose, but smooth on
the outside ; fruit the size of a cherry, striated with white ;
seeds obovate, circled by a longitudinal elevated zone. If.. S.
Native of Ceylon. Herm. hort. lugd. 95. t. 97. Aroy-peria-
ginge of the Hindoos. Flowers yellow.
Jagged-leaved Bryony. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1710. PI. cl.
57 B. ? CUCUMEROIDES (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 308.) seeds
rusty, transversely oblong, surrounded by a very thick dotted
zone. "H.. S. Native country unknown. Cucumeroides, Thunb.
ex Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 485.
Cucumber-like Bryony. PI. cl.
58 B. AFRICAVNA (Thunb. prod. 13. but not of Lin.) root
tuberous ; upper leaves palmately 5-parted ; lobes oblong,
deeply toothed ; lower leaves cordate, having the angles toothed.
If.. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Willd. spec. 4. p.
624. — Herm. par. 107. t. 108. Male flowers in subumbellate
panicles. Fruit mucronate.
African Bryony. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. cl.
59 B. NA'NA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 497.) stems slender; lower
leaves roundish-cordate, quite entire : upper ones deeply 3-lob jd ;
lobes obtuse. 3£. S. Native of Africa.
Dwarf Bryony. PI. cl.
60 B. DISSE'CTA (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 497.) leaves palmately
5-parted : with linear pinnatifid segments, having revolute sca-
brous margins ; male flowers ? umbellate ; fruit solitary,
roundish, mucronate, bluntly angular, yellow ; seeds 3-4. 11 .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Willd. spec. 4. p.
625. B. Africana, Lin. spec. 1438. Flowers white ? Probably
distinct from the preceding species.
Dissected-\eaved Bryony. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1710. PI. cl.
61 B. DTGITA'TA (Thunb. prod. 13.) leaves digitate: with
linear 2-lobed scabrous segments ; flowers umbellate. }/ . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Digitate-]eaved Bryony. PI. cl.
62 B. WALLICHIA'NA (Ser. mss. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 309.)
stem filiform, striated ; leaves nearly sessile, sagittate, rugged
from warts; terminal lobe lanceolate-linear, very long, some-
what denticulated ; lateral lobes oblong, reflexed, remotely den-
ticulated ; male flowers in fascicles, numerous, on short pe-
duncles ; fruit unknown. I/ . G. Native of Nipaul. B. fili-
formis, Roxb.
Wallkh's Bryony. PI. cl.
Cult. The hardy perennial species are plants of easy culture,
only requiring to be planted in the ground. The stove peren-
nial species should be grown in pots, and the stems trained up the
rafters. The seeds of annual kinds require to be sown in a hot-
bed in spring, and when the plants are of sufficient size may
be planted out in a sheltered situation. All the species are pro-
pagated by seeds. None of them are worth growing, except in
botanic gardens.
X. SI'CYOS (from OIKVOC, sicyos, the Greek name for the
cucumber; resemblance and affinity). Lin. gen. no. 1481.
Juss. gen. no. 394. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 45. t. 88. f. 1. Sicyokles,
Tourn. inst. 103. t. 28.
F
CUCURBITACE.E. X. SICYOS. XI. ELATERIUM.
LIN.SYST. Moncecia,Polyadelphia. Flowers monoecious ; male
ones with a 5-toothed calyx, and a 5-parted corolla ; teeth of
calyx subulate. Filaments 3 ? or more probably 5, in 3 bundles.
Female flowers with a trifid style, and a thickish trifid stigma.
Fruit 1 -seeded from abortion, usually beset with spines. Seed
obovate. Male and female peduncles many-flowered, usually
rising together from the same axillae.
1 S. ANGULAVTUS (Lin. spec. 1438.) leaves cordate, angular,
denticulated, scabrous ; lobes 3-5, acuminated ; tendrils umbel-
late ; male flowers in corymbose heads, each head on a long
common peduncle ; female flowers sessile, in bundles at the tops
of the peduncles ; fruit ovate, spinescent, and tomentose ; seeds
truncate at the base, and very blunt at the apex. (•)• F. Native
of North America. Lam. ill. t. 796. f. 2.— Dill. elth. 58. t. 51.
f. 59. Flowers sulphur-coloured. Fruit beset with yellow
spines, and curling tomentum.
Angular-}ea.\e&. Single-seeded Cucumber. Fl. June, July.
Clt. 1710. PI. tr.
2 S. BRYONIXFOLIUS (Moris, hort. taur. sem. 1831.) leaves cor-
date and angular, denticulated, hispid below ; teeth of calyx ob-
solete ; capsule clammy and warted. Q.^/.S. Native country
unknown. This species differs from S. angidatus and S. parvi-
florus in the stem being hardly pilose about the joints, the rest
smooth ; in the peduncles being short, the flowers umbellate ;
male ones 5-8 pedicellate, female ones almost sessile.
Bryony~leaved Single-seeded Cucumber. PI. cl.
3 S. PARVIFLORUS (Willd. spec. 4. p. 626.) branches glabrous;
leaves cordate, rather angular, denticulated, roughish ; tendrils
trifid ; male flowers racemose, on long pedicels : female ones in
sessile capitate umbels ; fruit crowned by the permanent calyx,
size of an orange; seeds unknown. Q, F. Native in the tem-
perate parts of mountains about Quito, near Chillo, at the height
of 4000 feet. Not of Mexico, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.
2. p. 119. Flowers whitish. Fruit rarely solitary.
Small-flowered Single-seeded Cucumber. Fl. June, Sep. Clt.
1823. PI. cl.
4 S. BADEROA (Hook, et Am. in bot. misc. 3. p. 234.) leaves
cordate, angular, minutely denticulated, glabrous on both sur-
faces ; angles acuminated ; lobes at the base of the leaf lying
over each other ; tendrils trifid ; flowers few, capitate in both
sexes ; female peduncles one-half shorter than the male ones ;
fruit ovate while young. If. . w. G. Native about Valpa-
raiso. Bader6a bryoniaefolia, Bertero.
Badero's Single-seeded Cucumber. PI. cl.
5 S. PENTA'NDRUS (Wall. cat. no. 6682.) leaves cordate, denti-
culated ; flowers racemose ; racemes numerous, sometimes ag-
gregate, and branched. Tj . w. S. Native of the East Indies.
Pentandrous Single-seeded Cucumber. Shrub cl.
C S. DE'PPEI ; leaves broadly cordate, 7-lobed ; lobes acumi-
nated, middle lobe the longest ; margins acutely denticulated,
rough on both surfaces from conical hairs ; male racemes elon-
gated ; fruit glomerate, ovate, nearly glabrous, but beset with
strong retrograde prickles. Q. S. Native of Mexico, near
Jalapa. Flowers smaller than those of S. angulalus, but larger
than those of S. parviflorus. Sicyos, nov. spec. Schlecht. et
Cham, in Linnaea. vol. 5. p. 88. Seeds the size of those of
Citrus medica.
Deppe's Single-seeded Cucumber. PI. tr.
7 S. ACU'TUS (Rafin, fl. lud. p. 113.) climbing; leaves
lobed ; fruit glomerate, ovate, acute, bristly ; bristles echinated,
interwoven. O- F. Native of Louisiana.
Acute-fruited Single-seeded Cucumber. PI. cl.
8 S. MICROPHY'LLUS (H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 2.
p. 119.) branches roughish; leaves sinuately-cordate, 7-lobed,
denticulated, roughish ; tendrils smoothish, trifid ; male flowers
on long peduncles and pedicels ; female flowers in crowded,
8
nearly sessile heads ; fruit echinated from bristle-formed hairs,
size of an apple seed ; seeds unknown. O- F. Native of
Mexico, on the burning Mount Jorullo, at the height of 1620 feet.
Small-leaved Single-seeded Cucumber. Fl. July, Sep. Clt.
1823. PI. tr.
9 S. PACHYCA'RPUS (Hook, et Arnott, in Beech, bot. p. 83.)
branches glabrous ; leaves cordate, 5-7-lobed, denticulated, gla-
brous above and papillose, scabrous beneath ; tendrils glabrous,
trifid ; male flowers in panicles ; female ones in crowded heads ;
fruit ovate, rostrate, unarmed. O- F. Native of the Island of
Oahu, on the Diamond Hill among the volcanic rocks. Allied to
S. microphyllus ,
Thick-fruited Single-seeded Cucumber. PI. prostrate.
10 S. VITIFOLIUS (Willd. spec. 4. p. 626.) the whole plant
clothed with very fine clammy down ; leaves cordate, with a
roundish recess, 5-lobed, toothed. O- F- Native country un-
known. Flowers yellow, twice the size of those of S. angulatus.
Vine-leaved Single-seeded Cucumbers. Clt. ? PI. tr.
1 1 S. LACINIA'TUS (Lin. spec.1459.) stem glabrous ; leaves cor-
date, palmate, glabrous above, but echinated from stiff hairs be-
neath ; lobes lobulate ; petioles short ; tendrils trifid ; male
flowers somewhat panicled : female ones glomerate, sessile ; pe-
duncles short; fruit very spiny. 0. F. Native of South
America. — Plum. ed. Burm. pi. amer. t. 243. Flowers yellow.
Jagged leaved Single-seeded Cucumber. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
1824. PI. tr.
12 S. TRiauETER (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. ex D. C.
prod. 3. p. 309.) stem bluntly furrowed ; leaves cordate, 5-
lobed ; lobes broad, obtuse, somewhat denticulated ; tendrils
much branched ; calycine and corolline lobes 3 ? male flowers
racemose, pedunculate, aggregately subverticillate ; female
flowers subumbellate ; fruit elongated, unarmed, triquetrous ;
seed oblong-cylindrical. Q. F. Native of Mexico, in Chil-
appa. Flowers yellow. Fruit 6 lines long, acuminated, some-
what 3-winged.
Triquetrous-fruited Single-seeded Cucumber. PI. tr.
Cult. Sow the seeds in the hot-bed in spring, and treat the
plants as directed for Gourds, p. 42. Not worth growing ex-
cept for curiosity.
XI. ELATE'RIUM (from eXarr/p, slater, an impeller ; in re-
ference to the elastic seed vessels). Lin. gen. no. 1398. Juss.
gen. p. 394. Jacq. amer. 241. t. 154. D. C. prod. S. p. 310. —
Momordica, Neck. elem. bot. no. 390.
LIN. SYST. Moncecia, Monadelphia. Flowers monoecious,
white or yellow ; male ones disposed in racemes or corymbs ;
calyx petaloid, campanulate, with hardly conspicuous teeth, and
with the corolla hardly gamopetalous. Female flowers solitary,
or rising from the same axils with the males. Calyx elon-
gated, petaloid, echinated at the base, and girding the carpels ;
neck filiform, more or less elongated, at length dilated, and
bearing the corolla and stamens. Style thick ; stigma capitate.
Capsule coriaceous, reniform, echinated, 1 -celled, 2-3-valved,
many-seeded, opening elastically, and ejecting the seeds.
1 E. GEME'LLUM (D. C. prod. 3. p. 310.) leaves cordately sub-
sagittate, somewhat 5-angled, with the middle angle acuminated ;
tendrils bifid ; male flowers in long racemes ; neck of calyx
long, campanulate ; petals ovate, acutish ; fruit curved, 3-
celled ; prickles distant. O- F. Native of Mexico. Moc. et
Sess. fl. mex. icon. ined.
Twin-tendri\\ed Squirting Cucumber. PI. cl.
2 E. CARTHAOENE'NSE (Lin. spec. 1375.) leaves cordate, an
gular, denticulated, petiolate, roughish above ; flowers whit
sweet-scented : male ones in panicles : female ones solitary j
tube of calyx terete above the ovarium, not dilated at the apex ;
petals linear-lanceolate, acute ; fruit kidney-shaped, hispid ;
CUCURBITACE^E. XI. ELATERIUM. XII. MOMORDICA.
35
seeds winged? flat, tridentate at tlie base, ex Kunth. O- F.
Native of South America, in the hot regions of the province of
Caraccas, on the shore of Lake Tacarigna, in Laguna de Valencia ;
and in the Island of Cura, at the height of 690 feet. Lam. ill.
t. 743. Jacq. amer. 241. t. 154. icon. pict. p. 118. t. 232. Co-
rolla yellow. Fruit size of an olive.
Carthagenian Squirting Cucumber. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823.
PI. cl.
3 E. TAMNOIDES (Willd. enum. p. 950.) leaves cordate, acu-
minated, remotely serrated, smoothibh above, and hairy beneath ;
flowers yellowish ; female flowers having the tube 'of the calyx
campanulate above the ovarium ; petals 4-7, ovate ; style very
short ; stigma large, flat ; fruit 2-valved, few-seeded ; seeds un-
known. 0. F. Native of Mexico. E. hastatum, Brouss. but
not of H. B. et Kunth.
Tamus-like Squirting Cucumber. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1 820.
PL tr.
4 E. HASTA'TUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 120.)
leaves cordately sinuated, triangularly hastate, acuminated, den-
ticulated, rather scabrous above, and glabrous beneath ; tendrils
simple or bifid ; male flowers racemose, pedicellate, minute ;
fruit oblong, reniform, muricated, 2-valved, size of an olive ;
seeds 6, roundish, compressed, tridentate at the base. Q. F.
Native of Mexico, on the declivities of the burning Mount
Jorullo, and the temperate regions near Patzcuara, at the height
of 1620 or 3390 feet. Habit of Melolhria pendula, according
to Kunth.
Hastate-leaved Squirting Cucumber. PI. tr.
5 E. QUADRIFIDUM (D. C. prod. 3. p. 310.) stem, peduncles,
petioles, and tendrils downy ; leaves cordate, orbicular, 7-angled ;
tendrils bifid, pilose ; male flowers umbellate ; calyx long,
tubular, articulated towards the base, and dilated at the apex,
with the limb hardly evident ; petals 4, linear-lanceolate, acute ;
female flowers hardly pedunculate, like the male ones ; style fili-
form, crowned by an ovate stigma; fruit very pilose. O- F.
Native of Mexico. Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers
white.
Quadrtfid Squirting Cucumber. PI. tr.
6 E. BRACHYSTA'CHYUM (D. C. prod. 3. p. 310.) leaves 3-
lobed, quite entire, ciliated : middle lobe oblong, acuminated ;
flowers cream-coloured ; male ones in spikes ; tube of calyx
campanulate at the apex ; female flowers with a very gibbous
hispid calyx, and a short neck, which is campanulate at the
apex; capsule oblique, incurved, echinated with 8-10 long soft
prickles, 2-3-valved, larger than those of the other species.
O- F. Native of Mexico.
Short-spiked Squirting Cucumber. PI. tr.
7 E. TORQUA'TUM (D. C. prod. 3. p. 310.) leaves somewhat
peltately cordate, 5-lobed, denticulated ; terminal lobe the
longest, and acuminated ; tendrils trifid; flowers greenish-white ;
males ones in racemes : female ones solitary, echinated at the
base, with the neck long and bell-shaped at the apex ; petals
oblong, bluntish ; capsule oblong, 2-valved, acuminated, echi-
nated, with soft prickles. ©. F. Native of Mexico. Fl. mex.
icon. ined.
Collared Squirting Cucumber. PI. tr.
8 E. TRIFOLIA'TUM (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 47.) leaves ternate, cut.
O- F. Native of Virginia.
Trifoliate-leaved Squirting Cucumber. PI. tr.
Cult. Sow the seeds in a hot-bed in spring, and put the
plants out as directed for Gourds, p. 42.
XII. MOMO'RDICA (from mordeo, to bite ; the seeds have
the appearance of being bitten). Lin. gen. no. 1477. Juss.
gen. 395. Gaertn. fr. 2. p. 48. t. 88. f. 4. D. C. prod. 3. p. 31 1.
— Elaterium and Sicyos species of authors. — Amordica, Neck.
elem. bot. no. 392. — Poppj?a, Neck. 1. c. no. 391 Ecbalium,
Rich.
LIN. SYST. Monofcia, Polyadelphia. Flowers monoecious,
white or yellow, on filiform unibracteate peduncles, perhaps
always. Male flowers with a 5-cleft calyx, and a very short
tube. Corolla 5-parted. Stamens in 3 bundles ; anthers con-
nate. Female flowers with 3 sterile filaments, or probably 5,
joined in 3 bundles, a trifid style, and a 3-celled ovarium. Fruit
usually muricated, (perhaps always) opening elastically at matu-
rity, and expelling the seeds. Seeds compressed, reticulated,
perhaps always.
1 M. BALSA'MEA (Lin. spec. 1453.) leaves palmately 5-lobed,
toothed, glabrous, shining ; fruit roundish-ovate, attenuated at
both ends, angular, tuberculated, orange-coloured, splitting ir-
regularly and laterally ; bractea cordate, toothed, in the middle
of the peduncle ; aril red. Q. F. Native of the East Indies.
Lam. ill. t. 794. f. 1. Charantia, Lob. pempt. t. 670.— Ludvo.
ect. t. 127 — Blackw. herb. 6. t. 539. a. b. Flowers yellow. This
plant is famous in Syria for curing wounds. They cut open the
unripe fruit, and infuse it in sweet oil, and expose it to the sun for
some days until the oil becomes red. It is applied to a fresh
wound on cotton. The Syrians esteem this next to balsam of
Mecca. The plant is also used to form arbours or bowers.
Balsam Apple. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1568. PL cl.
2 M. MURICA'TA (Willd. spec. .4. p. 602.) leaves somewhat
palmately 7-lobed, cordate at the base ; lobes remotely toothed,
acuminated ; tendrils almost simple ; fruit ovate, acuminated,
muricated ; bractea cordate, quite entire. ©. F. Native of the
East Indies. Pavel, Rheed. mal. 8. t. 10.
Muricated Momordica. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Pl.tr.
3 M. CHARA'NTIA (Lin. spec. 1438.) leaves somewhat pal-
mately 7-lobed, dentate, rather hairy ; tendrils downy ; fruit ob-
long, acuminated, angular, tuberculated, copper-coloured or red ;
pulp yellow and soft ; bractea cordate, quite entire, below the
middle of the pedicel ; seeds oblong, tuberculated (ex Rumph) ;
arillus of a reddish blood-colour. O- F. Native of the East
Indies. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2455. — Rheed. mal. 8. p. 17. t. 9.
Papareh of the Hindoos. Corolla yellow. Seeds wrinkled
very irregularly, yellow bay-coloured, and irregularly tubercled
towards the margin. Allied to the preceding species, but very
distinct.
Var. /3, abbreviate (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 311.) fruit
shorter than that of the species, very ventricose, beset with
acute tubercles. M. Zeylanica, Mill. diet. 3. ex Lam. diet. 4;
p. 239.
Charantia or Hairy Momordica. FL June, July. Clt. 1710.
PL cl.
4 M. ROXBURGHIA'NA ; downy ; leaves cordate, palmately
7-9-lobed, and lobately toothed ; tendrils simple ; peduncles 1-
flowered, solitary, bearing a bractea under each flower ; fruit
long, muricated. Q. H. Native of the East Indies, in Patna.
M. charantia/3 of authors. M.muricata, Roxb. but not of Willd.
Roxburgh's Momordica. PL tr.
5 M. SENEGALE'NSIS (Lam. diet. 4. p. 239.) leaves deeply
palmate, somewhat serrated, pale and villous beneath ; fruit
ovate, mucronate, tubercular, orange-coloured or red. (•). F.
Native of Senegal.
Senegal Momordica. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PL cl.
6 M. CILI'NDRICA (Lin. spec. 1433.) stem 5-angled ; leaves
cordate, somewhat lobate, angular, toothed ; flowers yellow ;
fruit cylindrical, very long, rather villous, reticulated ; bractea
quite entire at the base of the pedicel ; seeds black. O. F.
Native of Ceylon and China. Willd. spec. 4. p. 605. The fruit
of the species, according to Rumphius, does not open elastically,
being composed of so many reticulated tough fibres.
Cylindrical-fruited Momordica. PL tr.
F 2
CUCURBITACE^:. XII. MOMORDICA.
7 M. HEYNEA'NA (Wall. cat. no. 6744.) leaves 3-lobed, mu-
cronately denticulated ; peduncles 1 -flowered, solitary, furnished
each with a large bractea under the flower, which encloses it
before expansion; tendrils simple. Q.t F. Native of the
East Indies. Flowers large.
Heyne's Momordica. PI. tr.
8 M. SUBANGULA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 928.) leaves deeply cor-
date, acuminated, rather angular, mucronulately denticulated,
scabrous above ; flowers dioecious ; bractea cordate, quite en-
tire at the top of the peduncle. ©• F. Native of Java, on
Mount Salak, where it is called by the natives Aroy Gambas.
Allied to M. cylmdrica and M. dioica. The inflorescence of this
plant agrees with the figure in Humph, amb. 5. t. 150. ex Blume.
Fruit fibrous.
-^ngu/ar-leaved Momordica. PI. cl.
9 M. PAI'NA (Hamilt. ex Wall. cat. no. 6742.) leaves cordate,
triangular or hastate, sometimes lobed at the base, acuminated at
the apex, coarsely toothed ; tendrils simple ; female peduncles
1 -flowered, solitary ; male ones racemose ; racemes aggregate ;
fruit round, beset with a few scattered prickles. O- F. Native
of the East Indies, in Goyalpara.
Paina Momordica. PI. tr.
10 M. TUBIFLORA (Roxb. ex Wall. cat. 6749.) plant white from
down ; leaves round, angularly and roundly lobed, cordate at
the base; tendrils simple; fruit oblong, acuminated, ribbed;
peduncles 1 -flowered, solitary, bracteate. 0.F. Native of the
East Indies.
Tube-flowered Momordica. PI. tr.
11 M. PU'RGANS (Mart, reise. bras, ex Linnaea. vol. 5. p. 40.)
stems angular, climbing, clothed with resinous farina at top ;
leaves ovate-orbicular, acuminated, with a roundish recess, cor-
date, obsoletely 5-lobed, denticulated ; male corymbs erect,
axillary ; female flowers solitary, axillary, drooping ; fruit ob-
long, crested longitudinally from warts. Q. F. Native of
Brazil.
Purging Momordica. PI. cl.
12 M. OPERCULA'TA (Lin. spec. 1433.) leaves S-lobed,
toothed ; fruit elliptic, angular, tuberculated, operculated by
a deciduous beak. Q. F. Native of America. Comm. rar.
22. t. 22. ex Lin. and Willd. spec. 4. p. 603. This plant is pro-
bably referrible to the genus Lvffa. The top falling off from
the fruit when it is green.
izrf-fruited Momordica. Fl. June, Sep. Clt. 1731. PI. cl.
• 13 M. ELATE'RIUM (Lin. spec. 1434.) plant scabrous, hispid,
and glaucescent ; stems dwarf, without tendrils ; leaves cordate,
somewhat lobed, crenate-toothed, very rugged, on long petioles;
fruit ovate, obtuse, hispid, and scabrous, on long peduncles ; seeds
bay-coloured. 1<:.F. orQ-H. Native of the south of Europe.
Sims, bot. mag. t. 1914. — Blackw. herb. t. 108. Woodv. med.
hot. t. 43. Elaterium cordifolium, Mcench. meth. p. 563. Ec-
balium L. C. Rich. Root thick. Flowers yellow. Fruit green,
expelling the seeds when ripe. Perhaps a proper genus. Dr.
Clutterbuck has lately ascertained that the active principle of
wild cucumber is contained almost exclusively in the juice
around the seeds, and that genuine elaterium is the matter which
subsides spontaneously from the juice obtained without pressure.
He found that the eighth part of a grain thus prepared seldom
failed to purge violently, and of this according to Dr. Barry,
from 55 to 64 per cent, only were soluble in alcohol of 0'809.
The bitter principle found in it is not in itself purgative, but
quickens the action of elatin when combined with it. Elatin is
a new principle obtained by Dr. Barry of a green colour ; it is
purgative in very minute quantities. In medicine a few grains
of elaterium operates as a drastic purgative, and was sometimes
used in dropsies. It is high priced, and seldom used, though
recommended by Dr. Ferriar.
Elaterium or Common Squirting Cucumber. Fl. June, July.
Clt. 1548. PI. tr.
14 M. ? LAMBERTIA'NA (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 311.) his-
pid ; stems prostrate, flexuous ; tendrils nearly simple ; leaves
cordate-roundish, 5-lobed, denticulated, scabrous; petioles short;
flowers ? fruit solitary, elliptic, pilose ; peduncles short, hispid.
Q. F. Native of the East Indies. Ecbalium L. C. Rich. Allied
to M. elaterium, but distinct.
Lambert's Momordica. PI. tr.
15 M. ECHINA'TA (Muhl. ex Willd. spec. 4. p. 605.) leaves
cordate, with 5 lobed angles ; lobes acuminated, quite entire,
glabrous ; tendrils multifid ; fruit roundish, 4-seeded, echinated
by bristles. O- H. Native of the western parts of Pennsyl-
vania, near the river Ohio. Sicyos lobata, Michx. amer. 2. p.
217. Fruit roundish, size of a gooseberry, beset with long su-
bulate bristles, very like those of Sicyos, but 4-seeded. Flowers
yellow.
Echinated-fnihed Momordica. PI. tr.
16 M. nioicA (Roxb. ex Willd. spec. 4. p. 605.) stem an-
gular, climbing ; leaves cordate, acuminated, toothed, glabrous
on both surfaces ; tendrils. filiform ; flowers dioecious ; female
ones solitary ; fruit elliptic, muricated. O • F. Native of the
East Indies.
Dioecious-flowered Momordica. PI. cl.
17 M. RENIGERA (Wall. cat. no. 6743.) leaves cordate, dentate
or distantly and mucronately denticulated ; peduncles long, 1-
flowered, solitary, furnished each with a kidney-shaped hooded
bractea, just below the flower ; tendrils simple. I/ . S. Native
of the Burman Empire, about Prome.
Kidney-bearing Momordica. PI. cl.
18 M. HAMILTONIA^NA (Wall. cat. no. 6748.) leaves cordate,
toothed, crenated, acuminated; bractea toothed ; peduncles 1-
flowered, solitary; tendrils simple; fruit hispid. Tj . w. S.
Native of the East Indies, in Goyapara and Gongachora. Flowers
large.
Hamilton's Momordica. PI. cl.
19 M. BI'COLOR (Blum, bijdr. p. 928.) leaves deeply cordate,
somewhat 5-angled, bluntish, glabrous, mucronately denticu-
lated, with rather strigose margins (when dry dotted above),
glandular beneath ; flowers dioecious, pedunculate, axillary,
usually 3-together ; fruit oblong, glabrous, variegated with red.
O- F. Native of Java, in calcareous soil near Kuripan, where
it is called Aroy Pupassang by the natives. Nearly allied to M.
dioica.
Var. a; base of leaves deeply cordate. Native of the Mo-
luccas.
Var. ft ; leaves cordately 3-lobed ; lateral lobes angular.
Native of Java, on Mount Parang.
Two-coloured-frwied Momordica. PI. tr. or cl.
20 M. ACULEA'TA (Poir. diet, suppl. 3. p. 723.) stem slender,
climbing ; leaves palmately pedate, with 5-7 dentately lobed seg-
ments, having white scattered dots above, but with the nerves
and petioles beset with short prickles beneath ; petioles and
middle nerves clothed with rough reflexed hairs ; male flowers
racemose, on long peduncles ; female flowers solitary, hardly
pedunculate ; fruit subglobose, glabrous, size of a pea. ©. F.
Native counh-y unknown.
Prickly Momordica. PI. cl.
21 M. HY'STRIX (Gill. mss. ex Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3.
p. 234.) leaves 5-lobed, glabrous, smooth, somewhat cuneated
at the base ; lobes mucronate, denticulated, middle lobe tlie
longest ; tendrils simple ; male and female flowers rising from
the same axils : male ones disposed in racemes : female ones soli-
tary, pedunculate ; fruit oblique, ovate, echinated with strong
bristles. O- F. Native of Buenos Ayres.
Porcupine Momordica. PI. tr.
CUCURBITACEjE. XIII. NEUROSPERMA. XIV. SECHIOM. XV. MELOTIIRIA. XVI. TRICIIOSANTHES.
37
22 M. LANA'TA (Thunb. prod. 13.) leaves ternately pinna-
tifid, scabrous; fruit woolly. Q. F. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope.
Woolly-fruited Momordica. PI. cl.
23 M. ? SICYOIDES (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 312.) stems twin-
ing, terete ; tendrils simple ; leaves triangularly cordate, some-
what 5-lobed, serrulated ; female flowers pedunculate, solitary ;
'calyx ovate, pilose, with narrow linear segments ; fruit ovate
mucronate, very pilose, of a yellowish orange-colour at matu-
rity; seeds subglobose. O- F. Native of China — Braan. icon,
chin. t. 12.
Sicyos-like Momordica. PI. tw.
24 M. SPICA'TA (Lin. mss. ex Smith in Rees' cycl. vol. 23.)
stems furrowed, rugged ; leaves cordate, 3-5-lobed, undulated,
rugged from tubercles ; male flowers racemose ; racemes on long
peduncles ; tube of calyx very long ; bracteas dilated, toothed,
scabrous ; female flowers solitary, on short peduncles ; seeds
elliptic, furrowed, hispid. O- F. Native country unknown.
iS/.z&e-flowered Momordica. PI. cl.
Cult. M. Elaterium and M. Lamberliana being hardy, their
seeds should be sown in the open border. The seeds of the
rest of the species should be sown on a hot-bed in spring, and
the plants planted out afterwards as directed for Gourds, p. 42.
XIII. NEUROSPE'RMA (from vtvpov, neuron, a nerve,
and <7W£pfj.a, sperma, a seed ; in reference to the seeds, which are
reticulated with anastomosing nerves). Rafin. in journ. phys.
et chim. 1819. p. 101. Spreng. neue. entd. 1. p. 144. D. C.
prod. 3. p. 312.
LIN. SYST. Monce'cia, Monadelphia. Flowers monoecious.
Male flowers with a 5-parted calyx : and a 5-parted corolla,
having an undulated erose margin. Stamens 5, diadelphous,
having a gland alternating with each fascicle ; one of the fascicles
bearing 2 anthers, the other trigonal, and bearing 3 anthers.
Anthers sessile, stellate. Female flowers with a parted corolla
and calyx. Ovarium inferior, beset with 8 series of warts.
Style trifid, girded by 3 glands at the base ; stigmas 2-lobed.
Fruit fleshy, 3-celled, but when mature 1-celled, 3-9-seeded.
Seeds girded by mucilaginous red aiil, flat, nerved, with anasto-
mosing veins, and a rugged edge. Perhaps a proper genus.
1 N. CUSPIDA'TA (Rafin. 1. c.) Native of Kentucky, North
America. Perhaps the same as Momordica balsamea ?
Cuspidate Neurosperma. PI. tr.
Cult. See Sicyos p. 34. for culture and propagation.
XIV. SE'CHIUM (from atKi'^o, sekiso, to fatten ; given to
hogs for that purpose). Browne in Lin. gen. no. 1482. Juss.
gen. p. 391. Lam. diet. 7. p. 50. D. C. prod. 3. p. 313.
LIN. SYST. Monaecla, Monadelphia. Flowers monoecious,
yellow. Male flowers with a somewhat 5-toothed calyx, exca-
vated into 10 hollows, and with the corolla joined with the calyx.
Stamens 4-5, monadelphous, free at the apex, diverging ; anthers
cordate, distant. Female flowers with a calyx and corolla, as
in the male, but without stamens. Style thick ; stigma sub-
capitate, 3-5-cleft. Fruit obcordate, 1-seeded. Seed ovate,
flat, compressed.
1 S. EDU'LE (Swartz, fl. ind. occid. 2. p. 11 50.) stems terete,
striated, smooth ; leaves cordate, angular, rugged beneath ; lobes
conniving at the base, toothed ; terminal angle longest and acu-
minated ; tendrils 4-5 cleft ; male flowers racemose ; female
flowers solitary, rising from the same axils as the males ; fruit
large, obovate, 5-furrowed, gibbous at the apex, echinated by
stiff' hairs. Q. F. Native of the West Indies, common.
Sicyos edulis, Swartz, prod. 116. Lam. diet. 1. p. 156 — Jacq.
amer. p. 258. t. 163. Chayota edulis, Jacq. amer. 2. t. 245.
This plant is known in South America under the name of choko
and chaiotc. The fruit is green, shining on the outside, whitish,
and fleshy within, differing in size and singular in structure, con-
taining one seed each, which is sometimes an inch long, and placed
at the very top of the fruit ; when it is ripe it protrudes itself a
little, and puts forth many fibres at its extremity. In many of the
West Indies the inhabitants put the fruit into soups or puddings,
or boil it and eat it with their meat as a substitute for turnips
or greens, in which state it is generally looked upon as whole-
some and refreshing, but it is too insipid to be much liked. The
fruit serves to fatten hogs in the mountains and inland parts of
Jamaica, where the plant is much cultivated. The natives of
Cuba notice two varieties ; one which is most common they
call simply chayote : it is beset with harmless prickles, some-
times in great abundance, and sometimes with very few, and is
about 4 inches in length ; the other, less frequent, called chayote
f ranees, is for the most part entirely destitute of prickles, and is
about the size of a hen's egg.
Eatable Choko. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. cl.
2 S. AMERICA' NUM (Lam. diet. 7. p. 50.) leaves cordate, an-
gular ; flowers racemose ; fruit glabrous, a little compressed,
size of a pigeon's egg; seed oval-elliptic. O- F. Native of
Jamaica. Fruit eatable like the last. This is perhaps the
chayote frances mentioned above.
American Choko. PI. cl.
3 S. PALMA'TUM (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 313.) stems terete,
bluntly furrowed ; tendrils umbellate ; leaves palmately lobed,
scabrous ; stipula or bractea sessile, cordate, deeply 3-lobed ;
male flowers racemose; common peduncle short, many-flowered;
filaments monadelphous at the base, and divaricate towards the
apex ; female flowers twin, nearly sessile ; fruit prickly, green,
size of a filbert. O- F. Native of Mexico, in Acahualtempa.
S. palmatum, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined.
Palmate-leaved Choko. PI. cl.
Cull. See Cucitrbita, p. 42. for culture and propagation.
XV. MELO'THRIA (peXoSpov of Theophrastus, supposed
to be Bryony). Lin. gen. no. 68. Juss. gen. p. 395. D. C. prod.
3. p. 313. — Trichosanthes species of Jacq.
LIN. SYST. Monce'cia, Polyadelphia. Flowers monoecious.
Male flowers with a 5-toothed calyx and a campanulate corolla ;
petals ciliated or toothed, not fringed. Filaments 5, in 3 parcels.
Female flowers. Style 1 ; stigmas 3, fringed. Fruit 3-celled,
many-seeded. Seeds unknown.
1 M. PE'NDULA (Lin. spec. p. 49.) leaves cordate, 5-lobed,
toothed ; tendrils simple ; female flowers solitary, on long pe-
duncles ; corolla rather pilose, denticulated ; fruit ovate, nearly
globose, pendulous. If. . S. Native of South America, and the
southern parts of North America. Lam. ill. t. 28. f. 3. — Pluk.
aim. t. 85. f. 5. — Sloan, jam. p. 227. t. 142. f. 1. -Plum. spec.
3. t. 66. f. 2. Stems rooting at every joint. Flowers small,
pale yellow. Fruit about the size of a pea, changing to black
when ripe. In the West Indies these are pickled when green by
the inhabitants.
Pendulous-fruited. Melothria. Fl.Ju.Sept. Clt. 1752. PI. cr.
2 M. FOZ'TIDA (Desr. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 87.) root fleshy, tur-
nip-formed ; leaves cordate, a little toothed, pilose, almost ses-
sile ; tendrils simple ; male flowers racemose ; peduncles short,
few-flowered ; female flowers solitary, sessile along with the
males ; fruit ovate, muricated, mucronate, pilose, of a dirty yellow-
colour ; seeds obovate, compressed. Tj.. S. Native of Guinea.
Trichosanthes fcetidissima, Jacq. coll. 2. p. 341. icon. rar. 3. t.
624. Flowers yellow. Herb fetid when bruised.
Fetid Melothria. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1820. PI. cl.
3 M. ? I'NDICA (Lour. coch. p. 35.) stems angular ; leaves
triangular, denticulated, rough, small, on long petioles ; flowers
usually solitary, pedunculate, white ; fruit ovate-oblong, smooth,
small, whitish green. Tf.. S. Native of Cochin-china, in hedges.
— Rumph. amb. 5. t. 171. f. 2. ex Lour. 1. c. Flowers white.
38
CUCURBITACE^E. XVI. TRICHOSANTHES.
FIG. 2.
Indian Melotliria. PI. tr.
Cull. See Sicyos, p. 34. for culture and propagation. The
plants will exist through winter if kept in a stove.
XVI. TRICHOSA'NTHES (from SptZ, rp.x°c, thrix trichos,
a hair, and av^oc, antltos, a flower ; fringed or ciliated corollas).
Lin. gen. no. 1476. D.C. prod. 3. p. 313 — Ceratosanthes, Juss.
gen. p. 396. — Anguina, Mich. gen. 12.
LIN. SYST. Monce'cia, Monadelphia. Flowers monoecious,
white. Male flowers. Calyx rather club shaped, 5-parted ;
lobes appendiculated, furnished with 5 teeth on the outside,
which alternate with the lobes. Corolla 5-parted, ciliated ; fila-
ments 3, but probably 5, joined by twos; anthers joined, with
very flexuous cells. Female flowers. Calyx 5 -toothed. Corolla
5-parted (f. 2. a.), ciliately jagged. Style trifid (f. 2. rf.). Stig-
mas oblongly subulate. Fruit oblong, 1 ? or 3-9-celled (f. 2.
c.). Seeds compressed, tunicated, blunt, very much deformed ?
1 T. ANGUI'NA (Lin. spec.
1432.) stem pentagonal ; leaves
cordate, 3-lobed, repandly tooth-
ed, puberulous ; tendrils trifid,
very long ; male flowers race-
mose ; racemes on long pedun-
cles ; calycine lobes very short,
tooth-formed ; lobes of corolla
ovate, ciliately jagged ; fruit te-
rete-oblong, ending in a long
beak, hispid, splitting. Q. F.
Native of China. Lam. ill. t.
794. Sims, bot. mag. 472. — Mill,
fig. t. 32. — Mich. gen. 12. t. 9.
Cucumis anguinus, Lin. spec.
1437. ex Lam. diet. 2. p. 75. —
Rumph. amb. 5. p. 407. t. 148.
Kukukjanjang of the Hindoos.
Flowers white. Fruit near a foot long.
Snake-Gourd. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1755. Pl.tr.
2 T. COSTA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 933.) leaves cordate, 3-lobed,
denticulated, scabrous ; lateral lobes somewhat 2-lobed ; male
flowers racemose, bracteate ; female ones solitary ; fruit ovate,
oblong-ribbed. O- F. Native of Java, about Batavia and the
western provinces, on the margins of rivers, where it is called
lopan by the natives.
Ribbed-fruited Snake-Gourd. PI. tr.
3 T. COLUBRINA (Jacq. fil. eclog. t. 128.) stems furrowed,
thickish ; tendrils bifid ; leaves roundish, cordate, 3-5-lobed ;
lobes short, broad, toothed ; male flowers in panicles ; common
peduncles very long ; female flowers sessile, solitary or in the
same axils with the males ; calyx very long, with a reflexed
limb ; fruit nearly terete, very long, lined ; seeds obovate, red.
O- F. Native country unknown.
Viper Snake-Gourd. PI. tr.
4 T. NERVIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 1432.) stem slender; leaves cor-
date, 3-nerved, toothed ; petiole short ; tendrils bifid ; male
flowers racemose ; racemes on long peduncles ; lobes of corolla
oblong, ciliately jagged ; female flowers solitary ; fruit ovate,
acutish, green, lined with white, about the size of a hen's egg.
O. F. Native of the East Indies. Rheed. hort. mal. 8. t. 17.
Nerve-leaved Snake-Gourd. PI. tr.
5 T. OFFICINA'LIS (Hamilt. ex Wall. cat. no. 6694.) scabrous ;
leaves cordate, denticulated ; petioles hispid ; female peduncles
1 -flowered, solitary ; fruit round, smooth. G- w S. Native
of the East Indies, in Chilmari.
Officinal Snake-Gourd. PI. cl.
6 T. SCA'BRA (Lour. coch. p. 589.) branches woody, furrowed ;
leaves cordate, roundish, wrinkled, scabrous ; tendrils bifid ;
flowers monoecious ; corolla shortly ciliated ; fruit roundish, red,
10-angled, 5-celled; seeds flat, oblong. Tj . G. Native of
Cochin-china. Flowers white. Fruit small.
Scabrous Snake-Gourd. Shrub cl.
7 T. CUSPIDA'TA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 188.) stem twining; leaves
cordate, oblong, acute, toothed ; tendrils simple ; male flowers
unknown ; female flowers nearly sessile, on short peduncles ;
calyx long, tubular, with nearly linear, acute, stalked, ciliately
fringed segments ; fruit ovate, ending in a long point. Q. F.
Native of the East Indies. — Rheed. mal. 8. t. 16. T. caudata,
Willd. spec. 4. p. 600.
Cuspidate-fruited Snake-Gourd. PI. tw.
8 T. AKGULA'TA(Lam. diet. 1. p. 190.) stems angular, very
slender, villous ; leaves cordate, roundish, small, angular ; ten-
drils forked, longer than the leaves ; male flowers panicled ;
common peduncles much longer than the leaves ; female flowers
solitary, pedunculate. O- F. Native of the East Indies. Pe-
tals fringed.
Angular-stemmed Snake-Gourd. PI. tr.
9 T. VILLOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 934.) leaves cordate, tricuspi-
date, obsoletely denticulated, villous; peduncles 1 -flowered;
fruit nearly globose, striated with white. Q. F. Native of
Java, about Rompien and Buitenzorg, where it is called Badit-
jut by the natives. Fruit indehiscent.
Villous Snake-Gourd. PL tr.
10 T. OVI'GERA (Blume, 1. c.) leaves deeply cordate, mucro-
nate, sometimes sinuated, mucronately denticulated, shining
above, and rough beneath : female peduncles 1- flowered ; fruit
ovate, vittate. O- F. Native of Java, on Mount Salak, where
the plant is called Tinuk by the natives.
Egg-bearing Snake-Gourd. PI. tr.
11 T. GRANDIFLORA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves large, quintuple-
nerved, ovate, sometimes tricuspidate, quite entire, coriaceous,
quite glabrous ; flowers bracteate, disposed in dense spikes.
O. F. Native of Java, in humid places on the mountains, where
the plant is called by the inhabitants Kalayar Badak.
Great-flowered Snake-Gourd. PI. tr.
12 T. CORIA'CEA (Blum. 1. c. p. 935.) leaves somewhat quin-
tuple-nerved, cordate, acuminated, quite entire, coriaceous, reti-
culated above and glabrous, but paler and rough beneath ; male
flowers bracteolate, in loose racemes, on elongated peduncles.
O •? F. Native of Java, on Mount Salak, where the plant is called
by the inhabitants Pift-tjun-tjelling. Allied to T. grandiflora.
Coriaceous-leaved Snake-Gourd. PI. tr.
1ST. HETEROCLITA (Roxb. ex Wall. cat. 6684.) leaves smooth,
coriaceous, 3-lobed, seldom 5-lobed ; lobes acuminated, entire ;
peduncles racemose ; tube of calyx long. Tj . (M/. S. Native of
the East Indies, in Goyalpara.
Variable-hollowed Snake-Gourd. Shrub cl.
14 T. CUCUME'RINA (Lin. spec. 1432.) fetid ; stems tetragonal,
rather pilose ; leaves cordate, angular, rather villous, petiolate,
with white nerves, and muricated petioles ; tendrils bifurcate ; :
male flowers disposed in something like umbels ; female flowers
solitary, on short peduncles ; calycine lobes ovate ; petals fringed
at the apex ; fruit ovate, mucronate, smooth, green, lined with
white, but at last becoming orange- coloured ; seeds with sinu-
ated margins. ©.? F. Native of Java, in the province of'
Bantam. Blum, bijdr. p. 934. — Rheed. mal. 8. 1. 15. Flowers 1
white. The seeds are sometimes used in disorders of the sto- •
mach and bowels, and the plant is celebrated for its virtues in
Hortus Malabaricus.
Cucumber-like Snake-Gourd. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1804. PL tr.
15 T. AMA'RA (Lin. spec. 1432.) stems terete, glabrous ; ten-
drils simple ; leaves cordate, triangular, sinuated, scabrous from
dots, stalked ; female flowers solitary ; peduncles longer than
the leaves ; calyx long, tubular, with lanceolate, acute segments;
petals roundish-ovate, fringed ; fruit obovate-oblong, 9-celled,
green, striped with longitudinal white lines ; flesh white and
CUCURBIT ACE #1. XVI. TRICHOSANTHES. XVII. AMPELOSICYOS.
39
bitter; seeds oblong, narrow. Q. F. Native of St. Domingo.
— Plum, descr. pi. amer. t. 100.
.Bi^er-fruited Snake-Gourd. PL tr.
16 T. HEXASPE'RMA (Blum, bijdr. p. 935.) leaves 3-nerved,
ovate, tricuspidate, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous ; male
flowers bracteate, disposed in racemes : female flowers solitary ;
fruit globose, 6-seeded. O-?F. Native of Java, at the foot
of Mount Salak, where it is called Aroy-pitjung- Tjelleng by the
natives.
Six-seeded Snake-Gourd. PL tr.
17 T. RUSSELIA'NA (Wall. cat. no. 6696.) smoothish; leaves
cordate, hastately 3-lol>ed, nearly entire ; tendrils simple ; pe-
duncles 1 -flowered. J? . w. S. Native of the East Indies.
Russet's Snake-Gourd. Shrub cl.
18 T. MACROCA'RPA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves cordate, orbicular,
5-lobed, but sometimes 3-lobed, coriaceous, glabrous ; lobes
ovate, acuminated, quite entire : lateral lobes rather bifid ; fruit
large, globose ; stem suffruticose. Ij . w. S. Native of Java,
on the mountains.
Long-fruited Snake-Gourd. Shrub cl.
19 T. TRICUSPIDA'TA (Lour. coch. 589.) stems shrubby ;
tendrils trifid ; leaves cordate, tricuspidate, denticulated, gla-
brous, many-nerved ; stipulas roundish, thick, crenated ; flowers
spicate, or perhaps panicled ; bracteas large, toothed ; fruit
yellow, small, ovate, 2-celled, 2-seeded. 0. F. Native of
Cochin-china ; and among bushes and on the margins of rivers
in Java. Flowers white.
Tricuspidate-\eaved Snake-Gourd. PL cl.
20 T. PILOSA (Lour. coch. p. 588.) stems suffruticose, very
long, furrowed ; tendrils bifid ; leaves cordate, denticulated,
pilose on the veins, lower ones palmate, upper ones 3-lobed ;
male flowers ? in spikes ; bracteas large, lanceolate, ciliated ;
fruit ovate, acute, scarlet, 1 -celled ; seeds rhomboid, com-
pressed, lobed, brown. 17 . w. S. Native of Cochin-china.
Flowers white as in the rest of the species, fringed with curling
hairs.
Pilose Snake-Gourd. Shrub cl.
21 T. LACINIOSA (Klein, ex Willd. spec. 4. p. 601.) stems
filiform, angular, glabrous ; leaves deeply cordate, palmately
5-7-lobed, remotely toothed, glabrous on both surfaces ; male
flowers disposed 4 or 6 in a corymb : petals ovate, toothed ;
female flowers solitary : petals ciliately fringed. ©.? F. Na-
tive of the East Indies.
Jagged-leaved Snake-Gourd. PL tr.
22 T. CORNICULA'TA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 191.) root large, fleshy,
warted ; stems very long ; tendrils simple ; leaves digitately
palmate ; lobes oblong ; petals crenulated, bearing each 2 curl-
ing horns towards the apex ; male flowers in fascicles ; fruit
ovate-oblong, smooth, green, variegated with white, 4-celled.
11 . S. Native of the Antilles. T. tuberosa, Willd. spec. 4.
p. 601. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2703. Ceratosanthes tuberosa,
Spreng. syst. 3. p. 18. — Plum. ed. Burm. amer. fasc. 1. p. 14.
t. 24. Flowers white.
7/orwed-petalled Snake-Gourd. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1810. Pl.cl.
23 T. CHINE'NSIS (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 315.) leaves cor-
date, triangular, bluntish, rather angular ; petioles short ; ten-
drils simple ; male flowers solitary ; calyx long, clavate, rather
pilose ; petals obovate, with fringed margins ; female flowers
solitary, almost sessile ; tube of calyx ovate, acuminated, pilose :
petals not fringed ; fruit ovate, striated, ending in a long point.
— Native of China. Braan. icon. t. 13.
China Snake-Gourd. PL tr.
24 T. TAMNIFOLIA (Poir. diet, suppl. 1. p. 386.) stems gla-
brous, striated ; tendrils simple ; leaves ovate-roundish, rather
lobed, or entire, scabrous above ; male flowers small, in loose
racemes ; petals villous ? reflexed ; fruit ovate, mucronate, gla-
brous.— Native of Porto Rico.
Tamnus-leaved Snake-Gourd. PL tr.
25 T. PU'BERA (Blum, bijdr. p. 936.) leaves deeply cordate,
tricuspidate, denticulated, rather tomentose beneath ; female
flowers solitary ; fruit ovate, acute. — Native of Java, on the moun-
tains, where the plant is called by the natives Aroy-kalayar-burrum.
Downy Snake-Gourd. PL tr.
26 T. GLOBOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 936.) leaves palmately 3 or
5-lobed, quite entire, glabrous ; lobes linear, acute ; male flowers
bracteate, disposed in dense spikes, on thick peduncles ; female
flowers solitary ; fruit globose. — Native of Java, on Mount
Salak, where the plant is called Aroy-jantang by the natives.
G/o&ose-fruited Snake-Gourd. PL cl.
27 T. PALMATA (Roxb. ex Wall. cat. 6688.) puberulous ;
leaves cordate, 3-5-lobed ; lobes denticulated ; peduncles race-
mose ; corolla fringed. ^ . ,_,. S. Native of the East Indies.
Bracteas toothed.
Palmate-leaved Snake-Gourd. Shrub cl.
28 T. TRIFOLIA'TA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves ternate ; leaflets den-
ticulated, scabrous : lateral ones gibbous at the base ; male
flowers bracteate, disposed in something like racemes ; female
flowers solitary ; fruit ovate, muricated (ex Rumph) ; seeds com-
planate, denticulated ? — Native of Java, in the province of
Krawang, near Tjiradjas. Momordica trifoliata, Lin. spec.
1434. Amara sylvestris, Rump. amb. t. 152. f. 2.
Trifoliate- leaved Snake-Gourd. PL cl.
29 T. LOBA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 6693.) downy or puberulous ;
leaves 5-7-lobed ; lobes mucronate at the apex, narrowest at the
base, denticulated ; tendrils branched ; peduncles long, bearing a
raceme of flowers at the top. ©. w. S. Native of the East Indies.
Lobed-\ea\ed Snake-Gourd. PL cl.
Cult. Sow the seeds in a hot-bed in spring, and afterwards
treat the plants as if they were cucumbers. The shrubby and
perennial species should be protected from the frost and cold
by placing them in the stove in winter : cuttings will root readily.
XVII. AMPELOSl'CYOS (from a/iTrtXoc, ampelos, a vine,
and ITIKVOG, sicyos, a cucumber ; intermediate habit.) Pet. Th.
veg. d'Afr. p. 68. t. 22.— Telfairia, Hook, bot. mag. no. 2751.
and 2752. (July 1827.) Feuillse'a, spec. Smith, in bot. mag. t.
2681. Joliffia, Bojer in litt. (1826.) and Delill. mem. soc. hist,
par. vol. 3. p. 314. (July 1827).
LIN. SYST. Dioecia, Monadelphia. Flowers dioecious. Male
flowers. Calyx turbinate (f. 3. a.}, 5-cleft ; segments acutely
denticulated (f. 3. &.). Corolla 5-petalled (f. 3. c.) ; petals ob-
long, fringed. Stamens 5, disposed in 3 bundles. Female
flowers. Limb of calyx almost wanting, 5-toothed (ex Smith).
FIG. 3.
Corolla as in the male- Stigma
capitate, 3-lobed (ex Bojer), 5-
lobed (ex Smith). Fruit fleshy
(f. 3. e.), 2-3 feet long, and 8
inches thick, elongated and fur-
rowed, divided into 3 twin cells
(ex Bojer), into 5 (ex Smith).
Seeds compressed, nearly orbi-
cular, reticulated on the outside.
Cotyledons thick, oily. A climb-
ing plant, with pedate leaves and
showy purple flowers.
1 A. SCA'NDENS (Pet. Th. 1.
c.) I/ . S. Native of the south-
eastern coast of Africa, on the
shores of Zanquebar. It has also
been gathered in the Mauritius,
where it is called by the negroes Koueme. Feuillae'a pedata,
Smith, 1. c. t. 2681. a female plant. Telfairia pedata, Hook,
bot. mag. t. 2751 and 2752. with male flowers and fruit. Jol-
40
CUCURBITACEiE. XVIII. CUCURBITA.
liffia Africana, Delill. 1. c. t. 6. Male plant and seed. The
seeds are as large as chestnuts, and as good as almonds, and when
pressed they yield an abundance of oil, equal to that of the finest
olives.
African Ampelosicyos. Fl. July. Clt. 1825. PI. cl.
Cult. Any light soil will suit this plant, and cuttings root
readily under a hand-glass, in heat. It is a strong coarse
growing plant, and therefore requires a great deal of room, both
for the roots and the branches, or it will not flower.
XVIII. CUCU'RBITA (from curvitas, crookedness, accord-
ing to Scaliger ; in reference to the shape). Lin. gen. no. 147S.
Juss. gen. p. 396. Gsertn. fruct. 2. p. 49. t. 88. f. 5. exclusive
of C. Lagenaria of authors. Citrullus, Neck. elem. bot. no. 389,
Melopepo, Tourn. inst. p. 106. t. 34. Pepo, Tourn. 1. c. p. 105.
t. 33.
LIN. SYST. Monoecia, Monadelj.hia. Flowers monoecious.
Corolla campanulate, yellow ; petals joined together and to the
calyx. Male flowers. Calyx hemispherically campanulate.
Stamens 5, in 3 bundles, or joined at the apex ; anthers ab-
ruptly curved, both at the base and the apex, the rest straight
and parallel. Female flowers. Calyx obovate-clavate, nar-
rowed towards the top, or campanulate, and always circumcised
under the limb after flowering. Anthers usually sterile. Stig-
mas 3, thickish, 2-lobed. Fruit 3-5-celled. Seeds ovate, com-
pressed, with hardly tumid margins.
1 C. MA'XIMA (Duch. in Lam. diet. 2. p. 151.) leaves cordate,
very rugged ; petioles hispid ; tube of calyx obovate, ending
in a short neck ; fruit globose, somewhat depressed, yellow,
red, or green. 0.F. Native country unknown. Tourn. inst.
p. 106. no. 2. t. 34. Lob. icon. 641. f. 2. Cucurbita Potiro,
Pers. ench. 2. p. 593.
Far. a, Potiro (Ser in D. C. prod. 3. p. 316.) stems very long,
climbing ; tendrils strong ; fruit large, yellow, or orange-co-
loured, hollow at maturity. Common yellow gourd, potiron
jaune commun, gourge of the French. The shells of the fruit
are generally used for holding water.
Var. /3, viridis (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 316.) stems very
long, climbing ; fruit green, large, hollow at maturity. Large
green gourd. Gros potiron vert of the French. The shells of
the fruit of this sort are also used as calabashes.
Far. y, Guurgero (Ser. diss. in mem. soc. gen. vol. 3. pt. 2.
t. 1.) stems assurgent, dwarf; nodes close; tendrils abortive;
leaves ovate, cordate, 3-5-lobed, somewhat cochleate ; lobes
narrow ; fruit small, green, or yellow, full at maturity. Gour-
geron or petit potiron vert.
Large Hollow Gourd. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. ? PI. cl. or tr.
2 C. MELOPEPO (Lin. spec. 1435.) leaves cordate, obtuse,
somewhat 5-lobed, denticulated ; tendrils usually transformed
into very imperfect leaves; calyx hemispherically campanulate,
short, having the throat much dilated ; fruit depressed ; carpels
irregular, rising beyond the throat of the calyx ; flesh dry,
spongy, white; cells 4-5. O- F. Native country unknown.
Willd. spec. 4. p. 610. C. polymorpha Melopepo, Duel), in
Lam. diet. 1. p. 157. — Bauh. hist. 2. p. 224. with a figure.
Pepo maximus clypeatus, Mor. hist. 1. sect. 1. t. 8. Fruit
flatted at both ends. It is of great use in long voyages, for it
can be kept several months in a fresh state, and is commonly
made into pies, like the pumpkin, or boiled and eaten with meat
instead of turnips or potatoes. Bonnet d'electeur, bonnet de
pretre, and pastisson of the French.
Squash Gourd. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1597. PI. tr.
3 C. MOSCHA'TA (Duch. ex diet, scienc. nat. 11. p. 234.)
corolla campanulate, very narrow at the base ; leaves soft, to-
mentose ; fruit oval or spherical, depressed ; flesh yellow or
orange-coloured, musky. ©• F. Native of Martinique. C.
1'ndica rotunda, Dalech. hist. 616. f. 3.
Musky Gourd. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. ? PI. tr.
4 C. CERATOCREAS (Mart, reise, in bras, ex Linnaea. 5. p.
39.) leaves cordate, nearly orbicular, bluntly somewhat 5-lobed,
denticulated ; fruit large, oblong-pear-shaped, or cylindrical,
lined longitudinally, glabrous ; flesh subgranular. O- F. Na-
tive of Brazil.
Horned- fruited Cucurbita. PI. tr.
5 C. VILLOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 931.) leaves roundish, cordate,
5-lobed, scabrous ; lobes acute, sinuately denticulated ; pedun-
cles 1 -flowered, those of the male longer than those of the female
flowers ; fruit oblong, villous. Q. F. Gathered in the gardens
in the East Indies. By the Javanese it is called Baligo.
Villous Gourd. PI. tr.
6 C. PEVPO (Lin. spec. 1435.) leaves cordate, obtuse, some-
what 5-lobed, denticulated ; calyx ending in a neck beneath the
limb ; fruit roundish or oblong, smooth. O- F. Native of the
Levant. C. polymorpha oblonga, Duch. in Lam. diet. 2. p. 155.
This species is called Pumpkin and pompion, in English ; Girau-
mon, Cilrouille iroquoise, gourge de Saint Jean in French ; Popone
in Italian. There are several varieties of pompion, but the most
striking are the two following :
Var. a, subrotunda (Willd. spec. 4. p. 609.) fruit roundish.
C. major subrotunda, &c. Bauh. pinv 213.
/ ar. /3, oblonga (Willd. 1. c.) fruit oblong. Pepo oblongus,
Bauh. pin. p. 311.
The pumpkin is the melon or millon of our early horticul-
turists, the true melon being formerly distinguished by the name
of musk melon. Though commonly cultivated in gardens for
curiosity, yet in some country villages in England, the inhabit-
ants grow it on dunghills, and train the shoots to a great length
on the grass. When the fruit is ripe, they cut a hole on one side,
and having taken out the seeds, fill the void space with sliced
apples, adding a little sugar and spice, and then having baked
the whole, eat it with butter. On the Continent, as well as in
many other parts of the world, the fruit is a good deal used in
soups, and also stewed or fried in oil or butter. Pumpkin-pie is
also very common in many parts of the world.
Modes of dressing some varieties of the gourd. — Mr. Crichton
(Cal. mem. vol. 4.) prefers the cheese-gourd, some of which have
weighed with him 1 cwt., and the vegetable marrow ; but he
very judiciously attaches much more importance to the kind of
cooking than to the variety cultivated. He therefore subjoins
two receipts for the use of the cheese-gourd, and one for veget-
able marrow.
To make soup of cheese-gourd. — Take the fleshy part of the
gourd when ripe, and cut it into small pieces ; put it into a pan
with a small bit of butter, set upon a slow fire until it melt
down to a pure ; then add milk, in the proportion of half
gallon to 4 Ibs. of gourd, let it boil a short time with a little
salt and sugar, enough to make it taste a little sweet ; then cut
some slices of bread very thin, toast them very well, and cut >.bem
into small dice, put them in a dish, and pour the pure over
them, and serve it up.
Cheese-gourd dressed in the Spanish way. — When ripe cut the
fleshy part into slices about half an inch, score it across into
small dice about half through on one side of the slices ; scrape
a little of the fat of bacon, and put it into a saucepan, with a
little parsley, shallots, and mushrooms chopped very small,
adding a little salt and pepper ; put them on a slow fire to fry
a little, and place this seasoning upon the cut sides of the gourd
slices. Put the whole into a quick oven, with a little butter or
olive oil, and when baked a little serve up in a dish.
Pumpkin or Pompion. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1570. PL tr.
7 C. FARINOSA (Blume, bijdr. p. 931.) leaves roundish, cor-
date, rather angularly 7-lobed, a little strigose ; lobes acumin-
ated, toothed; peduncles 1 -flowered ; fruit oblong, large, covered
with a kind of glaucous mealiness. ©• F. Native of Java, in
CUCURBITACE^Z. XVIII. CUCURBITA.
41
fields and in gardens, where the plant is called Daligo by the
natives. Allied to C. Pepo. Compare Humph, amb. 6. t. 143.
according to Blume.
Mealy-fruited Gourd. PI. tr.
8 C. VERRUCOSA (Lin. spec. 1435.) leaves cordate, deeply 5-
lobed, denticulated; middle lobe narrow at the base; fruit
roundish-elliptic, warted. O- F. Native country unknown. —
Bauh. hist. 2. p. 222. with a figure. C. polymorpha verrucosa,
Duch. in Lam. diet. 2. p. 155. The plant, flowers, and seed
&c. are like those of C. Pepo, but the fruit is smaller, with a
harder, almost woody rind. Called Barbarine, and Barbaresque
sauvage in French. The warted gourd is common in most parts
of America, where it is cultivated as a culinary fruit. It varies
in form and size, being round, flat, shaped like a bottle, or ob-
long ; the rind is white when the fruit is ripe, and covered with
large protuberances or warts. It is commonly gathered when
half grown, and boiled by the inhabitants of America, to eat as
a sauce to their meat. In England it is only cultivated as a
curiosity.
Warted Gourd. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1658. Pl.tr.
9 C. SUBVERRUCOSA (Willd. spec. 4. p. 609.) leaves cordate,
deeply 5-lobed, denticulated ; middle lobe narrow at the base ;
fruit clavately-elliptic, rather warted. Q. F. Native country
unknown. Perhaps a hybrid from C. verrucosa, but the fruit is
very different.
Subverrucose-truited Gourd. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. ? PI. tr.
10 C. AURA'NTIA (Willd. I.e. p. 667.) plant very scabrous;
leaves subcordate, 3-lobed, cuspidate, sharply denticulated; fruit
globose, smooth, having the appearance and colour of an orange.
O- F. Native country unknown. The orange-gourd is rather
more tender than the other sorts. It has been hitherto chiefly
cultivated for curiosity, and when trained spirally round a pole,
or against a wall, and loaded with its yellow fruit, it is very
ornamental. The fruit should be used like those of other sorts
of pumpkin or gourd.
Var. a, ordngina (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 317.) fruit glo-
bose, 3-celled ; pulp fibry, yellow, nearly dry, with a solid dark
green rind, which at length becomes orange-coloured. — Orangine
or Faussc orange in French ; orange-gourd, English.
Var. ft, colocyntholdes (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 317.) rind of
fruit thinner and variegated ; pulp dry. Called Coloquinelle or
Fausse coloquinte in French, and False colocynth in English.
Orange Gourd. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1802. PI. cl.
11 C. COCCINEA; fruit round, scarlet, about the size of an
orange. 0. F. Native of Sierra Leone.
Scarlet-fruited Gourd. PL tr.
12 C. OVIFERA (Lin. mant. p. 126.) leaves cordate, angular,
5-lobed, denticulated, pubescent ; calyx obevate, ending in a
short neck, and cut round after flowering to the neck. O- F.
Native of Astracan. C. polymorpha pyridaris, Duch. in Lam.
diet. 2. p. 154.— J. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 222 and 223.. f. 1. C.
sylvestris, Dod. pempt. 670. f. 1. C. pyriformis, Xob. hist.
867. f. 2. Herb and flowers very like those of C. Pepo, bu.fr.
less scabrous. Fruit obovate or ovate, smooth, greenish or yel- •
lowish, figure of an egg. Called in French Gougourdette, arid
Vegetable marrow, in English.
Var. a, pyriformis (Ser. diss. I.e. t. 1.) leaves 5-lobed with
undulated margins ; lobes oblong-obovate, denticulated, rarely
lobulate ; fruit pear-shaped, green, or yellow, lined longitudinally
with white.
Var. fi, subglobosa (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 318.) leaves
bluntly lobed ; lobes broad, short ; fruit obovate, globose, green
lined with white ; flesh red.
Var. y, grisea (Ser. 1. c.) leaves 3-5-lobed, narrow ; middle
lobe trapeziform, usually lobulate ; fruit larger, greenish grey,
spotted with white, hardly lined.
VOL. III.
Var. S, ovala ; fruit large, ovate, whitish when ripe.
The first kind of vegetable marrow was introduced to Britain
from Persia within the last few years, where it is called deader.
The fruit of this sort is of a uniform pale yellow or light sulphur
colour : when full grown it is about 9 inches in length, 4 inches
in diameter, of an elliptic shape, the surface being rendered
slightly uneven by irregular longitudinal ribs, the terminations
of which uniting form a projecting apex at the end of the fruit,
which is very unusual in the gourd or pompion tribe. It is
useful for culinary purposes in every stage of its growth ; when
very young, it is good if fried with butter ; when large, or
about half grown, it is excellent either plain boiled or stewed
with rich sauce ; for either of these purposes it should be cut in
slices. The flesh has a peculiar tenderness or softness, from
which circumstance it has received its name, much resembling
the buttery quality of the beurre-pear, and this property re-
mains with it until it is full grown, when it is used for pies. It
is, however, in its intermediate state of growth that it is likely
to be most approved. There are now several kinds of veget-
able marrow in cultivation.
To dress vegetable marrow. — Take the fruit when about half
grown ; cut it lengthwise through the middle (if large cut it
into 3 or 4 slices) ; take of»the outer skin, cut it into small
dice, about half through on^side of the slices, then scrape a
little of the fat of bacon, ana put it into a saucepan, with a
little parsley, shallots, and mushrooms, chopped very small, and
let them fry a little ; then add about a table spoonful of flour,
with a little salt and pepper, mixed all together ; then put the
slices of the vegetable marrow into a stewpan with a cover, and
put the fried seasoning over the slices, and let them stew a little
on a slow fire, with a little fire on the cover. When enough
done, serve up." — Crichton, Cal. mem. vol. 4. The Caledonian
Horticultural Society's silver medal was given to Mr. Chrichton
for this receipt, and the other two upon the cheese-gourd. We
think it ought to have been given to the cook.
Egg-bearing Gourd or Vegetable-marrow. Fl. July, Sept.
Clt. ? PL tr.
13 C. FCETIDISSIMA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
123.) leaves deeply cordate, ovate, sinuately angular, narrowed
above, toothed, strigose above, but white and villous beneath ;
female flowers axillary, solitary, pedunculate ; calyx campanu-
lately funnel-shaped above, with ovate-oblong, acute segments.
O- F. Native of Mexico, near Guanaxuato, at the height of
3240 feet.
Very foetid Gourd. PL cl. ortr.
14 C. UMBELLA'TA (Klein, ex Willd. spec. p. 608.) stem fur-
rowed, glabrous ; leaves cordate, with 5 narrow, denticulated
scabrous lobes ; male flowers in umbels, female ones solitary,
pedunculate ; fruit elliptic, tomentose. O • F. Native of the
East Irfdies.
Umbellate-flowered Gourd. PL tr.
15 C. ASFERA'TA (Gill. mss. ex Hook et Arn. in bot. misc. 3.
p. 234.) flowers dioecious ; stems glabrous ; leaves palmately
5-parted, rough from callous dots on both surfaces, which are
more numerous beneath ; segments sinuately pinnatifid ; ten-
d'njs simple ; male flowers in capitate racemes, on short pedun-
cle^- female ones pedunculate, solitary ; fruit nearly globose,
few-seeded. O. F. Native of Chili, in the province of Men-
doza, in uncultivated places, where it is called by the natives
Sandillo del compos. This plant agrees in many respects with
the C. mammeata, Mol. but that species is from Chili.
Rough Gourd. PL tr.
16 C. CICERA'RIA (Molina, Chili ed germ. p. 316.) leaves
roundish, angular, tomentose; fruit woody, globose. O- F.
Native of Chili.
Intoxicating Gourd. Fl. June, Avig. Clt.1824. Pl.tr.
G
42
CUCURBITACEiE. XVIII. CUCURBITA. XIX. INVOLUCRARIA. XX. MURICIA. XXI. ANGURIA.
17 C. MAMMEA'TA (Molina, 1. c.) leaves many-parted; fruit
spherical, beset with protuberances. O- F. Native of Chili.
Teated Gourd. PI. tr.
18 C. LIGNOSA (Mill, diet.) leaves rough, lobed ; fruit woody.
0.F. Native of South America. This is a large gourd, and
is cultivated for the sake of the shell of the fruit, which will
frequently contain between 2 and 3 quarts. Where aloes is
manufactured in any quantity, it is commonly preserved in these
shells ; but in Jamaica they are used to hold water, and small
grain.
HWy-fruited Gourd. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. ? PL tr.
19 C. MULTIFLORA (Forst. ex Spreng. syst. 5. p. 45.) leaves
broadly cordate, 3-lobed, acute, denticulated, glabrous ; flowers
minute, crowded in cymes. Q. F. Native of the Society
Islands.
Many-flowered Gourd. PI. tr.
Cult. The species of Cucurbila are propagated from seeds,
which are large, and require to be covered nearly an inch. Sow
in April in a hot-bed, under a frame or hand-glass, to raise plants
for transferring to the open garden at the end of May, under a
warm aspect, or for planting out in the middle of May on a
trench of hot dung under a hand-glass or half shelter ; other-
wise sow at the beginning of May, under a hand-glass, without
bottom heat, for transplanting into a favorable situation ; or sow
3 weeks later (after the 20th) at once in the open garden, under
a south wall, for the plants to remain. The smaller fruited kinds
do best trained to an upright pole or trellis. From time to time
earth up the stems of the plants. As the shoots extend 5 feet
or more, peg down at a joint, and they will take root. Water
copiously whenever warm weather without showers makes the
ground arid. Mr. Gray (Gard. mag. vol. 1. p. 150.) plants in
paths between asparagus beds, and lets the vines of the gourds
run over them ; and he considers that their large leaves do good
to the asparagus roots, by protecting them from the sun, while
the tall stems of the asparagus afford a shelter to the leaves of
the gourds. In very dry seasons they are an excellent substi-
tute for cabbages and turnips, when the drought is apt to burn
up these vegetables. Mr. Gray therefore recommends, espe-
cially where the soil is liable to be burnt up in summer, planting
the vegetable marrow and other cucurbitaceous plants as a re-
serve crop. The tender tops of all the edible species of Cucur-
bitdcece, boiled as greens or spinage, are a fully more delicate
vegetable than the fruit. It must be worth something to gar-
deners and cooks to know that either or both may be used for
this purpose when scarcely any thing else can be got.
XIX. INVOLUCRA'RIA (involucrum, an involucre ; in refer-
ence to the umbels of male flowers being involucrated by brae-
teas). Ser. diss. in mem. soc. hist. nat. gen.' vol. 3. pt. 2. D.C.
prod. 3. p. 318.
LIN. SYST. Monoecia, Monadelphia. Flowers monoecious.
Male flowers umbellate, sessile, involucrated by reniform brae-
teas, which are dentately fringed at the apex ; common peduncle
very long, furnished each with an oblong bractea at the base.
Alabastra nearly like those of the rose. Tube of calyx obco-
nical ; limb with acute linear sepals. Corolla, stamens, and
filaments unknown. Anthers joined, with the cells as in the
rest of the Cucurbitacece. Female flowers solitary on long pedun-
cles, rising from the same axillae as the males, as well as of the
same form.
1 I. WALLICHIA'NA (Ser. 1. c. t. 4.) leaves deeply 5-lobed,
cut, scabrous ; lobes obovate-oblong, coarsely toothed ; tendrils
quinquefid. O-?F. Native of Nipaul.
Wallich's Involucraria. PI. cl.
Cult. See Cucurbita for culture and propagation.
XX. MURI'CIA (from muricatus, muricated ; in reference to
the warted berries). Lour. coch. p. 596. D. C. prod. 3. p. 318.
LIN. SYST. Monoecia, Monadelphia. Flowers monoecious.
Calyx of .5 sepals, inclosed in a large, undivided, 1-flowered
sheath ; sepals subulate, striated, coloured, joined together at
the base. Corolla campanulate ; petals 5, ovate-lanceolate,
nerved. Stamens 5, in 3 bundles, and with the anthers con-
nected at the apex. Style 1 ; stigmas 3, sagittate, horizontal.
Berry muricated, 1-celled, many-seeded. Seeds orbicular,
large, reticulated, with tubercular margins.
1 M. COCHINCHINE'NSIS (Lour. 1. c. p. 596.) a large shrub,
with 5-lobed leaves, the 3 superior lobes acuminated, and the in-
ferior ones obtuse, short, and denticulated ; flowers yellow, soli-
tary, on long peduncles ; fruit reddish purple both inside and
outside, scentless. Jj . G. Native of Cochin-china and China.
Momordica Cochinchinensis, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 14. The seeds
and leaves are aperient and abstergent.
Cochin-china Muricia. Shrub.
Cult. A mixture of peat and sand will answer this shrub;
and cuttings will root in the same kind of soil.
XXI. ANGU'RIA (one of the Greek names for the cucum-
ber, from ayyoc, angos, a vessel ; shape of fruit). Lin. gen. no.
399. Juss. gen. p. 395. Lam. ill. t. 747. D. C. prod. 3. p.
318.— Momordica spec, of authors. — Psiguria, Neck. elem. bot.
no. 384.
LIN. SYST. Monoecia, Didndria. Flowers monoecious. Male
flowers. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed. Corolla joined to the
calyx, ventricose, red, with a 5-parted spreading border. Sta-
mens 2, opposite. Female flowers with a calyx and corolla, as
in the males. Stamens 2, sterile. Style semi-bifid ; stigmas
bifid. Fruit 2-4-celled, many-seeded, somewhat tetragonal
Seeds unknown. Roots thick, warted.
1 A. INTEGRIFOLIA (Nees et Mart, in nov. act. bonn. 12. p.
9.) leaves ovate, denticulated, 3-nerved, glabrous ; peduncles
4-6-flowered, bractless ; female flowers unknown. — Native of
Brazil, at the river Ilheos. Flowers red.
Intire-leaved Anguria. PI. cl.
2 A. TRILOBA'TA (Lin. spec. 1376.) root bitter ; stems slender;
leaves deeply 3-lobed, or somewhat 5-lobed, veiny ; lobes a
little toothed ; tendrils simple ; male flowers large, in racemes,
female ones solitary, almost sessile ; fruit ovate-oblong, umbili-
cate, green, spotted with white ; seeds oblong, fulvous. ^.W.S.
Native of Martinico. — Plum. ed. Burm. pi. amer. t. 22. Jacq.
amer. p. 243. t. 156. ed. pict. p. 119. t. 234. Flowers vermi-
lion coloured.
Three-lobed-leaved Anguria. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1793. Pl.cl.
3 A. PEDATISE'CTA (Nees et Mart, in nov. act. bonn. 12.
p. 10.) leaves pedately 5-parted ; lobes quite entire ; tendrils
subumbellate ; corymbs many-flowered ; flowers triandrous ?
fruit oblong, striated, attenuated both at the base and apex ; pulp
white, spongy, rather acid : aril black. ©• \j< F. Native of
Peru. Momordica pedisecta, Lin. spec. 1434. Lam. diet. 4.
p. 241. — Feuill. per. 1. p. 754. t. 41. Flowers white. Two
outer segments of leaves lobed. The Peruvians use the fruit in
soups.
Pedate-cut-\eaved Anguria. PI. cl.
4 A. PEDA'TA (Lin. spec. p. 1376.) stems slender, terete;
leaves pedately 5-parted ; lobes lanceolate, toothed ; tendrils
longer than the leaves ; flowers inodorous, male ones in ra-
cemes ; racemes on long peduncles ; female ones solitary ; fruit
oval-oblong, green, variegated with white. If.. w. S. Native
of St. Domingo. Jacq. amer. 242. t. 155. ed. pict. t. 233. —
Plum. ed. Burm. pi. amer. 23. ? Flowers with orange- coloured
petals.
Pedate-leaved. Anguria. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl.cl.
8
CUCURBITACE^E. XXI. ANGURIA. XXII. ZUCCA. XXIII. ALLASIA, &c. PAPAYACE^E.
5 A. ROSEA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 122.)
branches glabrous ; leaves truncately cordate at the base, quite
entire, 3-lobed at the apex, glabrous, membranous ; tendrils
undivided, glabrous ; male flowers disposed in racemes ; calyx
cylindrically campanulate, ventricose at the base, with a 5-parted
rose-coloured limb, having the segments roundish and longer
than the tube ; stamens 2, sessile. l(..w. S. Native of New
Granada, in temperate places near Turbaco, at the height of 6000
feet. Flowers rose-coloured.
7?ose-coloured-flowered Anguria. PI. cl.
6 A. UMBROSA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 121.) leaves pedately
5-parted, sinuately cordate ; lobes quite entire, ovate-lanceolate,
outer ones much the shortest and divaricate ; flowers panicled ;
peduncles very long; calyx roughish, having the tube ventricose
at the base, of a vermilion colour ; stamens 2, free ; anthers
linear ; female flowers unknown. If. . v ,. S. Native of the
temperate provinces of New Andalusia, near Bordones and Cu-
manacoa.
Shaded Anguria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. PL cl.
7 A. TRIFOLIA'TA (Lin. spec. 1576.) stems thickish, terete,
rugged ; tendrils simple ; leaves palmately ternate ; leaflets en-
tire : lateral ones unequal-sided ; male flowers in racemes pur-
ple ; tube of calyx long and ventricose ; peduncles short ; fruit
irregularly ovate-oblong, bluntly mucronate, 4-celled, green,
lined with white ; flesh of fruit red, and sweet. I/ . w. S. Na-
tive of St. Domingo. — Plum. pi. amer. t. 99.
Trifoliate Anguria. Fl. June, July. PL cl.
Cult. The species of this genus delight in a light rich soil,
and may be propagated either from seeds or cuttings.
•f Genera allied to Cucurbitacece, but are not sufficiently
known.
XXII. ZU'CCA (meaning unknown). Comm. in Poir. suppl.
5. p. 526. Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 319.
LIN. SYST. unknown. Flowers solitary, axillary. Bractea
large, concave, involving a large, coloured, 5-sepalled calyx, and
girded by 5 scales at the base. Stamens 5. — A doubtful genus,
said to be related to the order Passiflorece ; but according to St.
Hilaire (mem. mus. 9. p. 190.) it belongs to Cucurbitacece, from
the lateral situation of the tendrils.
1 Z. COMMERSONIA'NA (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 319.) Native
country unknown.
Commerson's Zucca. PL cl.
Cult. See Anguria for culture and propagation.
XXIII. ALLAVSIA (aXXac, alias, a sausage ; from the colour
and form of the fruit resembling a sausage). Lour. coch. p. 85.
D. C. prod. 3. p. 319.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Flowers hermaphrodite.
Calyx gamosepalous, girded by a short invohicrum ; segments 5,
acutish, hairy. Corolla 4-petalled ; petals roundish, very hairy,
small. Stamens 4 or perhaps 8 joined by twos ; anthers 2-
lobed 1 Style subulate ; stigma acute. Berry fleshy, large,
oblong, obtuse, pendulous, 1 -celled. Seeds imbedded in the
pulp, ovate, compressed, tumid.
1 A. PA'YOS (Lour. 1. c.) a tree, with spreading unarmed
branches ; opposite digitate leaves ; the lobes 5, oval, quite en-
tire and pilose ; flowers nearly terminal, pale ; peduncles many-
flowered. Tj . S. Native of the eastern coast of Africa, on the
shores of Mozambique. Jaracatia Brasiliana, Pison, bras. p.
160. ex Lour. 1. c. Flowers pale. Fruit brownish-red.
Payos Allasia. Tree.
Cult. A light rich soil will suit this tree, and cuttings will
strike root in the same kind of soil under a hand-glass in heat.
XXIV. GRONO'VIA (so named by Houston, in honour of
John Frederick Gronovius, M.D. a learned botanist of Leyden).
Lin. gen. no. 391. Juss. gen. p. 394. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 2. p. 119.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Flowers hermaphrodite.
Calyx funnel-shaped, 5-parted, coloured. Scales 5, linear,
petal-formed, pellucid, alternating with the calycine segments.
Stamens 5, free, alternating with the scales. Ovarium inferior.
Style 1 , crowned by a subcapitate stigma. Berry dry, nearly
globose, 1-seeded, crowned by the dry permanent calyx. —
Climbing herbs, adhering by tendrils, with leaves like those of
Bryonta. Peduncles opposite, rather umbellate. Flowers dis-
posed in unilateral spikes, cymose, sessile, bracteate.
1 G. SCA'KDENS (Lin. spec. 292.) Q.^.S. Native of Vera
Cruz. Jacq. coll. 3. p. 197. icon. rar. t. 338. Lam. ill. t. 144.
f. 2. G. Humboldtiana, Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 492.
Fruit ribbed, while young. Flowers greenish-yellow. Leaves
5-lobed. The hairs on the leaves sting like those of a nettle.
Climbing Gronovia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1731. PL cl.
Cult. Being a tender annual plant, the seeds of it require to
be sown on a hot-bed ; and after the plants have grown a suffi-
cient size in the seed-pot, they should be potted off singly into
other pots, and after a time placed in the stove, and trained upon
sticks.
XXV. KO'LBIA (this genus is dedicated to Peter Kolbe or
Kolben, a German traveller, who published a description of the
Cape of Good Hope). Beauv. fl. d'ow. 2. p. 91. t. 120. D. C.
prod. 3. p. 320.
LIN. SYST. Dice~cia, Monadelphia. Flowers dioecious. Male
flowers with a gamosepalous calyx, composed of 5 joined sepals,
having a crenulated margin ; the corolla is gamopetalous, and
5-lobed ; lobes lanceolate, with glandular edges. Nectarium ?
5-leaved, having lanceolate lobes, which taper to the base, with
their edges plumosely ciliated. Stamens 5, monadelphous ;
filaments short ; anthers long, conniving. Pistillum unknown.
1 K. E'LEGANS (Beauv. 1. c.) stem sarmentose, bearing ten-
drils; leaves glabrous, petiolate, cordate; peduncles 4-flowered.
I/ . w. S. Native of the western coast of Africa, in the king-
dom of Benin. Flowers red. Nectarium blue.
Elegant Kolbia. PL cl.
Cult. A light rich soil will suit this elegant plant, and cut-
tings will root in the same kind of mould under a hand-glass in
heat.
ORDER CIV. PAPAYACE^E (this order contains only the
Papaw trees). Martius, 1829. — Papayae, Agardh. 1824. —
Cariceae, Turp. in atl. du diet, des sc. nat.
Flowers unisexual. Calyx inferior, minute, 5-toothed. Co-
rolla monopetalous ; in the male tubular, with 5 lobes and 10
stamens, all arising from the same line, and of which those that
are opposite the lobes are sessile, the others on short filaments ;
anthers adnate, 2-celled, bursting longitudinally ; in the female
divided nearly to the base into 5 segments. Ovarium superior,
1-celled, with 5 parietal polyspermous placentas. Stigma ses-
sile, 5-lobed, lacerated. Fruit succulent, indehiscent, 1-celled,
with 5 polyspermous parietal placentas. Seeds enveloped in a
loose mucous coat, with a brittle pitted testa. Embryo in the
axis of the fleshy albumen, with flat cotyledons, and a terete
radicle, turned towards the hilum. — Trees, without branches,
yielding an acrid milky juice. Leaves alternate, palmately
lobed, standing on long terete petioles.
It was the opinion of Jussieu that the genus upon which this
G 2
44
PAPAYACE^:. I. CARICA.
order is founded, held a sort of middle station between Urticete
and Cucurbitacetz. Auguste St. Hilaire has, however, well re-
marked upon this subject, that the only relation that it has with
Urticece consists in the separation of sexes, its milky juice, its
habit, which is like that of some species of Ficus or Fig, its
foliage, which is not very different from the Cecrbpia, and the
position of its stigma ; and to these he wisely attaches very little
importance. Its fruit brings it near Cucurbitaceee ; but its true
place is probably nearer to Passiflbreee, with which it altogether
agrees in the appearance of its testa, in its unilocular fruit,
with parietal polyspermous placentas, and its having a calyx and
corolla present, differing, however, widely in its habit, and mo-
nopetalous flowers.
The fruit of the Papaw is eaten when cooked, and is esteemed
by some persons ; but it appears to have little to recommend it.
Its great peculiarities are, that the juice of the unripe fruit is a
most powerful and most efficient vermifuge ; the powder of the
seed even answers the same purpose, and that a principal con-
stituent of this juice is febrine, a principle otherwise supposed
peculiar to the animal kingdom, and to fungi. The tree has
moreover, the singular property of rendering the toughest ani-
mal substances tender, by causing a separation of the muscular
fibre ; its very vapour even does this.
I. CA'RICA (erroneously supposed to be a native of Caria).
Lin. gen. no. 1127. Schreb. 1536 — Papaya, Tourn. 441.
Juss. 399.
LIN. SYST. Dice^cia, Decdndria. Character the same as the
order.
1 C. PAPA'YA (Lin. spec. 1466.) leaves palmately 7-lobed ;
segments deeply lobed, oblong, acute; male flowers corym-
bose. Jj . S. Native of both Indies. — Humph, amb. 1. t.
50, 51.— Merian, Surim. t. 40. Rheed. mal. 1. t. 15. f. 1.
Hook. bot. mag. 2898. Ker. bot. reg. 459. The papaw tree is
a native of South America and the West Indies, whence it was
brought by the Spaniards and Portuguese to the Philippines and
the Moluccas ; and from these Islands, it being of very quick
growth, it spread to all the other countries of India. In three
years from seed a papaw tree will be 20 feet high, and loaded
with flowers and fruit ; and for the sake of this fruit the plant is
generally cultivated ; it has a pleasant sweetish taste, and is
much liked by many people ; when young it is generally used
for sauce; and when boiled and mixed with lime-juice and
sugar, is not unlike, or much inferior to, that made of real ap-
ples, for which it is commonly substituted. But Sloane says, the
fruit is not in general gathered before it is ripe ; cut into slices,
soaked in water till the milky juice is out, and is then boiled and
eaten as turnips, or baked as apples. The juice of the pulp,
according to Descourtilz, in the " Flore Medicale des Antilles,"
is used as a cosmetic to remove freckles on the skin, caused by
the sun ; and the negroes in the French colonies employ the
leaves to wash their linen instead of soap. As a medicinal plant
the papaw tree is particularly deserving of notice. Hernandez
long ago spoke of the milky juice of the unripe fruit as a power-
ful vermifuge ; which has been confirmed by M. Charpenter-
Cossigni, as mentioned in the Asiatic Researches by Dr. Heming
(vol. 2. p. 162.). A single dose, that gentleman says, is suffi-
cient to cure the disease, however abundant the worms may be.
Another writer (Pourpee Desportes) recommends the use of the
powder of the seed instead of the juice. But the most extraor-
dinary property of the papaw tree, is that which is related first, I
believe by Browne, in his natural history of Jamaica, namely,
that " water impregnated with the milky juice of this tree is
thought to make all sorts of meat washed in it tender : but 8 or
10 minutes' steeping, it is said, will make it so soft that it will
drop in pieces from the spit before it is well roasted, or turn
soon to rags in the boiling." This circumstance has been re-
peatedly confirmed, and moreover, that old hogs and old poultry
which are fed upon the leaves and fruit, however tough the meat
they afford might otherwise be, is thus rendered perfectly ten-
der, and good if eaten as soon as killed, but that the flesh
passes very soon into a state of putridity. In the third volume
of the Wernerian Society's Memoirs there is a highly interesting
paper on the properties of the juice of the papaw tree, by Dr.
Holder, who has witnessed its effects in the Island of Barbadoes,
and speaks of them as known to all the inhabitants. The juice
causes a separation of the muscular fibres. Nay, the very
vapour of the tree serves this purpose ; hence many people sus-
pend the joints of meat, fowls, &c. in the upper part of the tree
in order to prepare them for the table. Such is the effect upon
hogs that feed upon the fruit, that the good housewives reject the
flesh of such if it be destined for salting, well knowing that it is
not sufficiently firm for the purpose. It is not known whether the
power of hastening the decay of meat be attributable to the
animal matter or febrine contained in the juice of the Papaw.
Two specimens of the juice were brought from the Isle of France ;
in the one the juice had been evaporated to dryness, and was in
the state of an extract; in the other the juice was preserved by
being mixed with equal bulk of rum. " Both were subjected
to analysis by Vauquelin. The first was of a yellowish white-
colour, and semitransparent ; its taste was sweetish ; and it had
no smell, and was pretty solid ; but attracted moisture when
kept in a damp place. The second was reddish brown, and had
the smell and taste of boiled beef. When the first specimen
was macerated in cold water, the greatest part of it dissolved ;
the solution frothed with soap. The addition of nitric acid
coagulated it, and rendered it white ; and when boiled, it threw
down abundance of white flakes. When the juice of the papaw
tree is heated with water, the greatest part dissolves ; but there
remains a substance insoluble, which has a greasy appearance.
It softens in the air, and becomes viscid, brown, and semitrans-
parent. When thrown on burning coals it melted, let drops of
grease exude, emitted the noise of meat roasting, and produced
a smoke which had the odour of fat volatilized. It left behind
it no residue. The substance was febrine. The resemblance
between the juice of the papaw tree and animal matter is so
close, that one would be tempted to suspect some imposition,
were not the evidence that it is really the juice of the tree quite
unquestionable. Thomson's System of Chemistry, extracted
from the Annales de Chimie, vol. 43. p. 267. Febrine had been
previously supposed to belong exclusively to the animal king-
dom ; but it has since been found in other vegetables, especially
in Fungi. The name papaw is abridged from papaia-marwn,
its name in Malabar.
Common Paparv Tree. Fl. July. CIt. 1690. Tree 10 to
20 feet.
2 C. CITRIFO'RMIS (Jacq. fil. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 905.) leaves
palmately 7-cleft ; segments oblong, acute, middle one trifid ;
fruit oval, smooth, tj . S. Native of Peru, about Lima. Flowers
yellow. Fruit the shape and size of an orange, edible like the
rest.
Citron-formed Papaw. Clt. 1820. Tree 10 to 20 feet.
3 C. PYRIFORMIS (Willd. spec. 4. p. 815.) leaves cordate, 3-
lobed ; lobes angular ; angles acute ; flowers corymbose ; fruit
pear-shaped. ^ • S. Native of Peru, and Chili, on rocky clif
along the shore of Valparaiso. Feuille, per. 2. p. 52. t. 39. f. 1.
C. Prosoposa, Lin. spec. 1466.? Flowers rose-coloured. Fruit
PAPAYACE^E. I. CARICA. PASSIFLORE^.
yellow, pear-shaped. A doubtful species of the genus, from its
small size and branched stem.
Pear-s hoped Papaw. Clt. 1823. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
4 C. CAULIFLORA (Jacq. schoenbr. 3. p. 33. t. 811.) leaves
palmately 5-lobed ; intermediate lobe sinuated ; segments lan-
ceolate, acuminated ; male peduncles usually 5-flowered, rising
from tubercles on the trunk. ^ . S. Native of South Ame-
rica, in the province of Caraccas and of Trinidad. Flowers yel-
lowish.
Stem-Jlonered Papaw. Clt. 1806. Tree 10 to 20 feet.
5 C. MICROCA'RPA (Jacq. schcenbr. 3. p. 32. t. 309 and 310.)
leaves 3 or 5-lobed : intermediate lobe 3-lobed ; male flowers
corymbose. fj . S. Native of Caraccas and Chili. Flowers
yellowish. Fruit the size of a cherry.
Var. ft, monoica (Desf. in ann. mus. 1. p. 273.) lower leaves
entire (smaller), cauline ones 3-lobed, upper ones 5-lobed ; lobes
somewhat pinnatifid ; flowers monoecious, subracemose, erect.
Tj . S. Native country unknown. Petioles channelled.
Small-fruited Papaw. Tree 10 to 12 feet.
6 C. SPINOSA (Willd. spec. 4. p. 815.) leaves digitate; leaflets
7, oblong, acuminated, quite entire ; trunk spiny. fy . S. Na-
tive of Guiana and Brazil, in Maranham and Para. C. digi-
tata, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 908. t. 246. A branched tree.
Spiny Papaw. Clt. 1821. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
Cult. These trees grow well in any light rich soil. They
may be brought into a fruit bearing state in our stoves, by plant-
ing them in large pots, or in tubs made for the purpose.
ORDER CV. PASSIFLO'REjE (plants agreeing with Pas-
srflora in important characters). Juss. ann. mus. 6. p. 102.
D. C. prod. 3. p. 321.
Calyx of 5 (f. 5. a.) or 10 sepals (f. 4. a. f. 6. a. f. 7. a.),
combined into a short or elongated tube (f. 7. e.), free at the
apex, disposed in 1 or 2 series ; outer lobes large, foliaceous ;
inner ones alternating with the outer ones, and more petal-like
than them, sometimes these last are wanting altogether ; the
sides or throat are lined by filamentous (f. 4. a.) or annular (f.
5. b. f. 6. c.) or membranous coloured processes, which are dis-
posed in one or more series, having the bottom usually closed
by a lid-formed appendage. Petals 5 in the tribe Paropsiece, but
wanting altogether in the tribe Passiflorece. Stamens 5 (f. 4. b.
f. 5. d. f. 7. c.), but indefinite in the genus Smeathmdnnia. Fi-
laments opposite the exterior lobes of the calyx, joined into
a long tube which sheaths the stipe of the ovarium ; anthers
fixed by the back, peltate (f. 4. b. f. 5. c.), reflexed, turned out-
wards, but reversed they are turned inwards, 2-celled, bursting
lengthwise. Torus elongated into a long cylindrical stipe.
Ovarium seated on the stipe, ovate, free. Styles 3, rising from
the same point (f. 6. e. f. 5. d. f. 4. d.}, crowned by a stigma
each, which is somewhat 2-lobed. Fruit naked (f. 7. g.), or
surrounded by the calyx (f. 8. «.), stalked, 1-celled, 3-valved,
having a poly spermous parietal placenta in the middle of each
valve ; the valves sometimes dry and dehiscing, sometimes fleshy
and indehiscent. Seeds attached in several rows to the placentas,
usually clothed with a large pulpy aril, compressed, and gene-
rally scrobiculate. Embryo straight, in the centre of the fleshy
thin albumen, having a terete radicle, which is turned towards
the hylum ; cotyledons flat and foliaceous. — Herbs or shrubs
for the most part climbing. Leaves of many forms, alternate,
stipulate, usually bearing glands on the limb or petiole. Pe-
duncles axillary, some of which are changed into tendrils from
abortion, others are simple, and bear 1 flower each, very rarely
branched and many-flowered ; however, all the peduncles are
floriferous in the upright species, or those that do not climb :
always articulated under the flower, and generally furnished
with a 3-leaved involucrum at the articulation.
The real nature of the floral envelopes of this remarkable
order, is a question upon which botanists entertain very different
opinions, and their ideas of its affinities are consequently much
at variance. According to Jussieu (Diet, scien. vol. 38. p. 49.)
the " parts taken for petals are nothing but inner divisions of
the calyx, usually in a coloured state, and wanting in several
species ;" and therefore, in the judgment of this venerable
botanist, the order is apetalous, or monochlamydeous. De Can-
dolle adopts the same view of the nature of the floral envelopes
as Jussieu ; but he nevertheless considers, we think with pro-
priety, the order polypetalous. Other botanists consider the
outer series of the floral envelopes as the calyx, and the inner as
the corolla; the one is green and the other coloured. The
nature of the filamentous appendages, or rays as they are called,
which proceed from the orifice of the tube, and of the membra-
nous or fleshy, entire or lobed, flat or plaited annular processes,
which lie between the petals and the stamens, are ambiguous,
but are probably abortive stamens. With regard to the affinity
of Passiflorece, Jussieu, swayed by the opinion he entertains of
their being apetalous, and De Candolle, who partly agrees and
partly disagrees with Jussieu in his view of their structure,
both assign the order a place near Cucurbitacece ; but when we
consider the stipitate fruit, occasionally valvular, the parietal
placentas, the sometimes irregular flowers, the stipulate leaves,
and the climbing habit of these plants, it is not difficult to admit
their affinity with Capparidece and Violarieae, the dilated disk of
the former of which is probably analogous to the innermost of
the annular processes of Passiflorece.
The plants composing the Passiflorece, are the produce of
South America and the West Indies, where the woods are filled
with their species, which climb about from tree to tree, bearing
at one time flowers of the most striking beauty, and of so sin-
gular an appearance, that the zealous Catholics who discovered
them adapted Christian traditions to these inhabitants of the
South American wildernesses, and at other times fruit tempting
to the eye and refreshing to the palate. Several are found in
Africa, and a few in the East Indies, of which the greater part
belong to the genus Modecca.
Nothing is known of the properties of this order, further than
that the succulent fruit and pulp that surround the seeds are
fragrant, juicy, cooling, and pleasant in several species.
Synopsis of the genera.
TRIBE I.
PAROPSIE\«. Petals 5. Ovarium sessile. Upright shrubs
without tendrils.
1 SMEATHMA'NNIA. Nectarium 1 -leaved, urceolate, surround-
ing the base of the stamens. Stamens indefinite ; anthers in-
cumbent. Stigmas 5, peltate. Capsule inflated, papery, 4-5-valved.
PASSIFLOREJi. I. SMEATHMANNIA. II. PAROPSIA. III. PASSIFLOKA.
2 PAROPSIA. Capillary threads simple, disposed in 5 bundles,
rising from the base of the calyx. Stamens 5 ; anthers erect.
Capsule bladdery, 3-valved.
TRIBE II.
PASSIFLORE-E-VERJE. Calyx 5-sepalled. Petals 5 or wanting.
Stamens 5, in one species only 4. Ovarium stalked. Some of the
pedicels changed into tendrils. Stems generally climbing.
3 PASSIFLORA. Tube of calyx very short, having the throat
ornamented with a filamentous crown (f. 4. a.). Berry usually
pulpy, rarely membranous.
4 DISE'MMA. Tube of calyx short, furrowed below, having
a double crown in the throat ; the outer crown composed of
distinct threads, the inner one with the threads joined into an
entire or toothed membrane. The rest as in Passiflora.
5 TACSONIA. Tube of calyx long (f. 7. e.) ; limb 5-lobed.
Petals 5. Throat fof calyx furnished with a scaly membrane.
6 MURUCUIA. Tube of calyx furrowed below; crown of
throat simple, erect, tubular, truncate (f. 5. b. f. 6. c.). Habit
of Passiflora.
7 PASCHA'NTHUS. Flowers polygamous. Calyx tubular;
limb 5-cleft. Petals 5, oblong-linear. Stamens 5, free; anthers
linear, inserted by the base. Capsule subbaccate, 6-seeded.
Habit of Passiflora.
8 MODE'CCA. Flowers dioecious. Calyx campanulate ; limb
5-parted (f. 8. 6. a.). Petals 5 (f. 8. c.). Scales 5-10 (f. 8. c.),
rarely wanting, rising from the calyx. Stamens 5, inserted in
the torus, monadelphous. Anthers standing. Ovarium on a
short stipe. Stigmas 3, starry (f. 8. e.). Capsule bladdery.
9 DEIDA'MIA. Calyx S-8-parted ; lobes petaloid ; filamen-
tous crown simple, rising from the outer part of the calyx.
Stamens the same number as the lobes of the calyx ; filaments
joined into a column at the base. Styles 3-4. Capsule pedi-
cellate, 3-4-valved.
10 VARE'CA. Flowers unknown. Berry 1 -celled ; pulp di-
vided for the seeds into many partial cells. Placentas 3, parie-
tal, polyspermous.
Tribe I.
PAROPSIE^ (this tribe contains plants agreeing in impor-
tant characters with Paropsia). D. C. prod. 3. p. 322. Petals
5.s Ovarium sessile. Upright shrubs without tendrils. Perhaps
a proper order.
I. SMEATHMA'NNIA (in honour of Smeathmann, a Ger-
man, who travelled in many parts of western Africa, and col-
lected many specimens of plants, particularly at Sierra Leone).
Sol. and Banks, herb, ex Brown, congo. p. 20. Lin. trans,
vol. 13. p. 220. D. C. prod. 3. p. 322.
LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Polygynia. Nectarium 1 -leaved,
urceolate, surrounding the stamens at the base. Stamens nu-
merous, distinct, seated;on a short column ; anthers incumbent.
Stigmas 5, peltate. Capsule inflated, 4-5-valved. Seeds
dotted. — Upright shrubs, with white, showy, axillary flowers.
1 S. PUBE'SCENS (Sol. in herb. Bank, ex R. Br. in Lin. trans.
vol. 13. p. 221.) branches downy ; leaves oblong-ovate ; top of
nectarium bearded. Tj . S. Native of Sierra Leone, in the low
lands.
Downy Smeathmannia. Fl. Mar. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
2 S. UEVIGA'TA (Sol. 1. c. ex R. Br. 1. c.) branches glabrous ;
leaves oblong, acute at the base, shining ; nectarium cut, beard-
less. Jj . S. Native of Sierra Leone, in the mountains, where
we have seen it growing in great plenty, and where it forms
beautiful upright bushes, loaded with delicate white flowers.
Smooth Smeathmannia. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1823. Shrub
6 to 8 feet.
3 S. MEVDIA (R. Br. in Lin. trans. 13. p. 221.) branches gla-
brous ; leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse at the base, glabrous,
rather opaque. Ij . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Flowers white.
Intermediate Smeathmannia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
Cult. These elegant shrubs grow best in a mixture of loam,
peat, and sand ; and young cuttings of them strike root freely
in the same kind of soil under a bell-glass, in heat.
II. PARO'PSIA (from irapo^i£,paropsis, a dish of meat; the
seeds are inclosed in a fleshy arillus, of an agreeable sweet taste,
much esteemed by the natives of Madagascar, as well as by Eu-
ropeans). DuPet. Th. pi. afr. 2. p. 59. 1. 19. D. C. prod. 3.
p. 322.
LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Pentdndria. Capillary threads
disposed in 5 bundles, in a single series, rising from the base of
the calyx. Stamens 5, monadelphous a short way at the base ;
anthers erect. Stigmas 3. Capsule bladdery, 3-valved.
1 P. EDU'LIS (Du Pet. Th. 1. c.). Tj . S. Native of Mada-
gascar. Shrubs 5-6 feet high. Leaves ovate-oblong, deeply
serrated. Pedicels axillary, in bundles. Aril of seeds edible.
Flowers white.
Edible Paropsia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Smeathmannia.
Tribe II.
PASSIFLO'RE^-VER^S (true passion-flowers). Calyx with
a 5-parted limb. Petals 5 or wanting. Stamens 5 in all, ex-
cept one plant, which has only 4. Ovarium pedicellate. Some
of the pedicels changed to tendrils. Stems generally climbing.
III. PASSIFLO1 RA (from passio, passion, anAflos, a flower ;
resemblance in crown of appendages to the passion of Christ).
Juss. gen. p. 397. B.C. prod. 3. p. 322. — Granadilla, Tourn.
inst. t. 123, 124.
LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Pentdndria. Tube of calyx very
short, having the throat ornamented with a multiple filamentous
crown (f. 4. a.). Berry generally pulpy, rarely somewhat mem-
branous.
SECT. I. ASTRO'PHEA (from narpov, astron, a star ; starry
flowers). D. C. mem. soc. gen. 1. pt. 2. p. 435. p. 322. Ten-
drils none. Involucrum none. Limb of calyx 5-lobed. Petals 5.
Stems arboreous. Perhaps species of Paropsia.
1 P. GLAU'CA (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 1. t. 22.) arbo-
reous ; leaves obovate-oblong, glaucous beneath, and bearing
glands in the axils of the veins ; petioles glandless ; peduncles
dichotomous, 3-5-flowered. ^ . S. Native of South America,
on Mount Quindiu. P. amethystina, Mikan. P. arborea,
Spreng. syst. 3. p. 42. Flowers white. Crown tipped with
yellow.
Glaucous Passion-flower. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
2 P. EMARGINA'TA (Humb. et Bonpl. 1. c. t. 23.) arborescent j
leaves obovate-lanceolate, acuminated, or emarginate, pubescent
beneath, and biglandular at the base ; petioles glandless ;
duncles dichotomous, 3-5-flowered. Jj . S. Native of Per
on the Andes. Flowers white ?
Emarginate-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub 10 to 16 feet.
3 P. OVA'TA (Martin, ined. D. C. prod. 1. c.) arborescen
leaves oval, obtuse at both ends, somewhat cuneated at the ba:
glabrous, glandless beneath ; petioles biglandular at the apex
peduncles 2-flowered. fy . S. Native of French Guiana.
Ocate-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub.
PASSIFLORE^E. III. PASSIFLORA.
47
SECT. II. POLVA'NTHEMA (from jroXv, poly, many, and avOoe
anthos, a flower ; in reference to the peduncles bearing many
flowers). D. C. mem. soc. gen. 1. pt. 2. p. 435. prod. 3.
p. 322. Peduncles many-flowered, sometimes twin, with a ten-
dril in the middle, sometimes solitary and branched, the middle
ending in a tendril. Involucrum wanting or very small. Limb
of calyx 5-lobed. Petals 5. Stems climbing.
4 P. CIRKJFI.ORA (Juss. in ann. mus. 6. t. 41. f. 1.) leaves
pedate, glabrous ; petiole branched, biglandular above the base ;
leaflets 7, ovate, with 1 tooth on each side at the base ; pedun-
cles branched, bearing flowers and tendrils. Vj . w. S. Native
of French Guiana, in woods. Form of leaves like those of P,
pedala. Crown variegated with white, yellow, and red.
Tendril-Jloivered Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
5 P. SEPTENA'TA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 323.) leaves pedate;
petioles branched, glandless ; leaflets oblong, having 1 tooth on
each side at the base ; tendrils simple, distinct from the pedun-
cles. T?. w. S. Native country as well as the flowers unknown.
Septenale- leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
6 P. HOLOSERICEA (Lin. amoen. 1. p. 226. f. 15.) clothed
with soft velvety down ; leaves ovate, somewhat 3-lobed, aris-
tately toothed at the base ; petioles biglandular. J? . w. S.
Native of Vera Cruz. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2015. Ker. bot. reg.
t. 59. Flowers white, spotted with red. Rays variegated with
purple and white.
Whole-silky Passion-flower. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1733. Sh. cl.
7 P. SEXFLORA (Juss. 1. c. t. 37. f. 1.) clothed with soft vel-
vety down ; leaves cordate at the base, very broad, truncate at
the apex, 3-lobed ; petioles glandless. Tj . w. S. Native of
St. Domingo and Jamaica.
Six-florvered Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
8 P. GEMINIFLORA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 322.) pubescent ; leaves
cuneated at the base, very broad, truncate, sinuately 3-lobed at
the apex, glandular beneath and shining above ; petioles gland-
less. \i . w. S. Native of Brazil.
Twin-flowered Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
9 P. MOLUCCA'NA (Reinw. in Blum, bijdr. p. 938.) leaves
oblong, mucronate, somewhat emarginate at the base, quite
entire; petioles biglandular; cymes bifid, many-flowered. fy .
: w. S. Native of the Moluccas.
Molucca Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
SECT. III. TETRAPA'THEA (from rtrpa, tetra, four, and
iraOoc, pathos, passion ; signifying passion-flowers with 4-lobed
flowers). D. C. in mem. soc. gen. 1. pt. 2. p. 435. prod. 3.
i p. 328. Calyx 4-lobed. Petals wanting. Stamens 4. Invo-
lucrum wanting or very small. Branches of peduncles 3-flow-
ered. Tendrils simple, rising from different axils from those of
the peduncles.
10 P. TETRA'NDRA (Banks, herb, ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 323.)
glabrous ; leaves oval-oblong, acuminated, quite entire, gland-
less. Jj . w. S. Native of New Zealand. Flowers small,
greenish.
Tetrandrous Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
SECT. IV. CIE'CA (meaning unknown). Med. malv. p. 97.
jO.C. prod. 3. p. 323. — Asephananthes and Monactineirma, Bory.
inn. gen. 2. p. 138. Calyx 5-lobed. Petals wanting. Invo-
ucrum wanting or very small. Peduncles 1-flowered, and sim-
ile tendrils usually rising from the same axils.
11 P. PA'LLIDA (Lin. amcen. 1. p. 218. t. 10. f. 2. exclusive
if the synonymes) leaves glabrous, ovate, acuminated, 3-nerved ;
letioles biglandular above the middle ; pedicels 1-3 together.
7 . y. S. Native of St. Domingo and Brazil. — Plum. amer.
>. 73. t. 89. Ker. bot. mag. t. 660. Flowers small, yellowish-
reen.
/We-flowered Passion-flower. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. ? Sh. cl.
12 P. CU'PREA (Lin. amoen. 1. p. 219. t. 10. f. 3.) leaves gla-
brous, ovate, glandular beneath, between the axils ; petioles
glandless ; pedicels solitary. Tj . v-). S. Native of the islands
of Providence and Bahama, Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 606. Flowers
blood-coloured, an inch and a half in diameter. Berries pur-
plish.
Cop/ier-coloured-flowered Passion-flower. Fl. July, Aug.
Clt. 1724. Shrub cl.
13 P. CAVANILLE'SII (D. C. prod. 3. p. 323.) leaves glabrous,
ovate, glandless, ciliated with stiff" hairs ; petioles glandless ;
pedicels solitary. T; . w. S. Native of the West India Islands.
P. cuprea, Cav. diss. 10. p. 448. t. 273. Flowers pale purple;
crown copper-coloured, but violaceous at the base.
Cavanilles's Passion-flower. Clt. 1822. Shrub cl.
14 P. MULTIFLORA (Lin. amcen. 1. p. 221. t. 10. f. 7.) leaves
ovate-oblong, entire, clothed with velvety down beneath ; pe-
tioles very short, biglandular at the apex ; pedicels numerous in
the axils of the leaves. Jj . w. S. Native of St. Domingo, Cav.
diss. 10. t. 272. There are varieties with the leaves either
glabrous or downy above. Plum. amer. t. 90. Flowers greenish.
Style purplish.
Many-flomered Passion-flower. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1731.
Shrub cl.
15 P. AURICULA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
131.) leaves glabrous, ovate, rounded at the base, glandular
beneath ; petioles auricled by 2 glands beneath the middle ;
pedicels 1 or 2 together. Tj . ^,. S. Native of the banks of the
Orinoco, in shady places, at the cataract of Maypure. Flowers
whitish, but the calyx is greenish on the outside.
Auricled-leaved Passion-flower. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820.
Shrub cl.
16 P. NIPAULE'NSIS (Wall, tent. t. 11.) smooth; leaves cor-
date-acute, quite entire, 5-nerved, glandular beneath and on the
petioles; peduncles bracteate, aggregate ; crown triple, exceed-
ing the calyx. T? . y S. Native of Nipaul, on woody hills in
the great valley. Leaves glaucous, furnished with 2 glands un-
derneath at the insertion of the nerves, and 2 in the middle of
the petioles. Peduncles 2-3-flowered. Flowers small, white,
with a greenish crown. Berry yellow, about the size of a small
cherry.
Nipaul Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
17 P. LITTORA'LIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 138.) leaves beset
with silky hairs on both surfaces, hastately 3-lobed, and nearly
entire ; petioles bearing 2 stipitate glands above ; pedicels 2-3
together. ^ . y S. Native of Peru, on the sea-shore near
Patibilca, and in the valley of Lima. Flowers with a green
calyx.
Sea-shore Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
18 P. GLABRATA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 135.) leaves gla-
brous, shining, glandular beneath, half orbicular, truncately 2-
lobed ; lobes very short, spreading ; petioles glandless ; pedicels
solitary, or twin, f? . w. S. Native of New Granada, near
Turbaco. Related to Murucuja accelldta. Flowers small, white ;
crown yellow.
Smooth Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
19 P. PUBE'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth, I.e. p. 132.) leaves semi-
orbicular at the base, lunately 2-lobed ; lobes ovate-oblong,
acute, divaricate, with an awn in the recess between the lobes,
and are as well as the petioles downy and glandless ; pedicels
solitary. Tj . w. S. Native of South America, in shady places
of the' province of Caraccas. P. Lockhartii, G. Don, in Loud,
hort. brit. p. 269. Flowers small, greenish white.
Downy Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
20 P. BILOBA'TA (Juss. ann. mus. 6. p. 107. t. 37. f. 2.) leaves
smooth, 2-lobed, rounded at the base, 3-nerved, glandless ; lobes
PASSIFLORE^:. III. PASSIFLORA.
obtuse, emarginate, rather diverging ; petioles short, glandless ;
pedicels twin. Jj . w. S. Native of St. Domingo. Tacsonia
bilobata, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 44. Flowers very small, greenish ?
Ttvo-lobed-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
21 P. MEXICA'NA (Juss. 1. c. p. 108. t. 38. f. 2.) leaves gla-
brous, 2-lobed, rounded at the base, 3-nerved ; lobes oblong,
diverging a little, glabrous beneath ; petioles short, glandless ;
pedicels twin. ^ . w. S. Native of Mexico, about Acapulco.
Flowers small, whitish.
Mexican Passion-flower. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
22 P. DICTA'MO (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C.
prod. 3. p. 324.) leaves glabrous, 2-lobed, somewhat emarginate
at the base, 3-nerved, glandless beneath ; lobes oblong, divari-
cate ; petioles glandless ; pedicels twin. ^ • w S. Native of
New Spain, where it is called Dictamo.
Dictamo Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
23 P. NORMA'LIS (Lin. amoen. 5. p. 408.) leaves glabrous, 3-
nerved at the base, somewhat cordate, glandular beneath, some-
what 3-lobed ; middle lobe small, lateral ones so much divaricate
as to form a straight angle ; petioles very short, glandless.
Ij . w. S. Native of Jamaica. Brown, jam. p. 328. Flowers
small, pale coloured. Fruit purple, downy.
Normal Passion-flower. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1771. Sh. cl.
24 P. BAUHiNirbuA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 132.) leaves
downy beneath, and rather glandular, elliptic, rounded at the
base, 2-lobed at the apex ; lobes obtuse ; petioles glandless,
downy; pedicels solitary or twin, downy. fj . w. S. Native of
Quito, in temperate places. Flowers small, whitish.
Batihinia-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
25 P. TRISETOSA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C.
prod. 3. p. 324.) leaves glabrous, glandular beneath, ovate, 3-
nerved, equally 3-lobed at the apex ; lobes mucronated by a
bristle each ; petioles glandless ; pedicels twin. Tj . v-;. S. Na-
tive of Mexico.
Three-bristled Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
26 P. MI'SERA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 136.)
leaves glabrous, reticulately 3-nerved, cordate, 3-lobed; lobes
obtuse, emarginate, and are, as well as the petioles, glandless ;
pedicels solitary. Pj . w. S. Native of South America, between
Turbaco and Carthagena, in very hot places. Flowers small,
with a greenish calyx, and violaceous crown.
Miserable Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
27 P. CORIA'CEA (Juss. in ann. mus. 6. p. 109. t. 39. f. 2.)
leaves smooth, coriaceous, glandular beneath, peltate, 3-lobed ;
middle lobe obtuse : lateral ones acuminated, 2-nerved ; petioles
biglandular in the middle ; pedicels twin, fj . w. S. Native
of South America, near Honda ; and perhaps also in Mexico,
according to icon. fl. mex. ined. Flowers small, greenish.
Coriaceous-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
28 P. DIFFORMIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 136.) leaves gla-
brous, coriaceous, glandular beneath, peltate, somewhat 3-lobed,
transversely lanceolate ; petioles biglandular in the middle ; pe-
dicels solitary ? P; . w. S. Native of New Granada, in tem-
perate places on the Andes. Allied to P. coriacea. Perhaps
the same as the figure in Hern. mex. p. 435. upper figure.
Flowers with a greenish calyx, and violaceous crown tipped with
yellow.
Deformed Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
29 P. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Swartz, prod. p. 97.) leaves glabrous,
glandless, somewhat peltate : lower ones ovate, the rest lanceo-
late, 2 or 3-lobed ; petioles short, biglandular above the middle ;
pedicels solitary or twin. Tj . ^,. S. Native of the Caribbee
Islands. Ker, hot. reg. t. 180. P. heterophylla, Jacq. hort.
schoenbr. t. 181. Cieca heterophylla, Moench. P. longifolia,
Lam. diet. 3. p. 40. Flowers yellowish, with the rays purple at
the base.
Narrow-leaved Passion-flower. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1773.
Shrub cl.
30 P. MACULA'TA (Scan. cat. hort. bon. and Coll. hort. rip. p.
101.) leaves glabrous, deeply 3-lobed, painted with white on the
upper surface ; lobes nearly equal, oblong, acute : upper ones
bluntly trifid . intermediate one rather larger than the others ;
petioles glandless ; pedicels solitary or twin, rather pilose. J; .
^. S. Native of Curassoa. Pluk. t. 210. f. 3. Perhaps the
same as P. minima of Lin. Flowers greenish.
Spotted-leaved Passion-flower. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
Shrub cl.
31 P. ORA'CILIS (Link, enum. hort. berol. 2. p. 182.) leaves
subcordate, glabrous, 3-lobed ; lobes roundish, beset with 2-4
glands ; petioles biglandular ; peduncles axillary, solitary ; fruit
egg-shaped. Ij . w. S. Native country unknown. Lindl. bot.
reg. t. 870. Flowers whitish. Rays blue and white.
•SVenrfer Passion-flower. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub cl.
32 P. LUVTEA (Lin. amcen. 1. p. 224. t. 10. f. 13.) leaves
almost glabrous, cordate, trifid ; lobes ovate, mucronate by a
bristle, and are, as well as the petioles, glandless ; pedicels twin.
If. . w. H. Native of Virginia and Florida, and of the West
Indies. Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 607. Ker. bot. reg. t. 79. Flowers
pale yellow.
Yelloiv-fiowered Passion-flower. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1714.
Shrub cl.
33 P. MINIMA (Jacq. hort. vind. t. 20.) leaves glabrous, gland-
less, 5-nerved, trifid : lobes ovate, middle one drawn out most
petioles biglandular at the apex ; pedicels twin. I? . w.
Native of South America. Sowerby in Lin. trans. 2. p. 27. t
5. f. 6. Ker, bot. reg. t. 144. P. hederacea, Lam. Flower
greenish yellow, with white rays. Nectarium fourfold, inner one
with an entire brown rim, the outer plaited, of a dusky purpl
colour, the other ciliated, with capillary black hairs, with yellow
tips ; outmost one having the filamentous appendages twice a
long as the others, dark purple at the base, and yellow from th
middle to the tip.
Least Passion-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1690. Shrub cl
34 P. HIRSU'TA (Lin. amcen. 1. p. 227. t. 10. f. 16. exclusive
of the synonymes of Hern, and Pluk.) leaves rather hairy be
neath, glandless, somewhat 5-nerved, 3 cleft ; lobes ovate, mid
die one much the largest ; petiole biglandular above the middle
pedicels twin. Pj . w. S. Native of the West Indies. Plum
amer. t. 88. A.-B. P. parvifolia, Swartz, prod. p. 97. Flower
whitish.
Hairy Passion-flower. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1778. Shrub cl.
35 P. SUBEROSA (Lin. 1. c. p. 226. t. 10. f. 14.) leaves gla
brous, somewhat ciliated, 5-nerved at the base, ovate, some-
what cordate, usually 3-lobed ; lobes ovate, acute : middle on«
larger than the rest ; petioles biglandular above the middle
pedicels twin. fj . ,_,. S. Native of the West Indies and Soutr
America. Smith, exot. bot. 1. t. 28. Plum. amer. t. 84. Jacq
schoanbr. 2. t. 163. Flowers of a greenish yellow-colour
crown purple at the bottom. Fruit purple when ripe.
Cork-barked Passion-flower. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 175£
Shrub cl.
36 P. PELTA'TA (Cav. diss. 10. p. 447. t. 275.) leaves pubes
cent above, glandless, 3-nerved, rather peltate, 3-lobed beyon*
the middle ; lobes lanceolate, divaricated ; petioles biglandula '.
in the middle ; pedicels solitary, ly . ,_,. S. Native of the An
tilles, in hedges, as well as in Virginia. Ker. bot. reg. 50.1
— Plum. amer. t. 85. Flowers greenish.
Peltate-leaved Passion-flower. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 17?1
Shrub cl.
37 P. HEDERA'CEA (Cav. 1. c. p. 448.) leaves somewhat pi I
berulous, glandless, 3-nerved, trifid : lobes ovate, obtuse ; p
tioles biglandular in the middle ; pedicels solitary. Jj . w. I
PASSIFLOREjE. III. PASSIFLORA.
49
Native of the Antilles, in hedges. Plum. amer. t. 84. Flowers
whitish ?
Ivy-like Passion-flower. Fl. June, Aug. Shrub cl.
38 P. PANNOSA (Smith in Rees' cycl. no. 28.) leaves clothed
with velvety hairs on both surfaces, glandless, cordate, unequally
3-lobed, rarely 2-lobed ; lobes obtuse ; petioles velvety ; pedi-
cels bearing 3 bracteoles each. Jj . w. S. Native of the West
Indies. Allied to P. rubra. Flowers small, greenish.
C7o//*-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
39 P. BERTERIA'NA (Balb. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 325.)
leaves glabrous, glandless, divided into 3 parts even to the base ;
leaflets petiolate, trifid, attenuated at the base, and very blunt
at the apex ; pedicels solitary or twin. Tj . w. S. Native of St.
Domingo.
Bertero's Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
SECT. V. DECA'LOBA (from Sina, deka, ten, and Xo/3oe, lobos,
a lobe ; in reference to the 10 calycine lobes). D. C. mem. soc.
gen. 1. pt. 2. p. 435. prod. 3. p. 325. — Passiflora, Bory, ann.
gen. 2. p. 138. Calyx 10-lobed, the 5 inner are probably pe-
tals. Involucrum wanting or very small, and distant from the
flower. Peduncles 1-flowered, rising from the same axils as the
simple tendrils.
40 P. PERFOLIA'TA (Lin. 1. c. p. 222. t. 10. f. 8.) leaves gla-
brous, cordate at the base, glandular beneath, somewhat 3-
lobed : middle lobe very short ; petiole glandless, very short ;
pedicels solitary or twin, rather downy. Tj . w. S. Native of
Jamaica, in hedges on the mountains. Ker. bot. reg. t. 78.
Murucuja perfoliata, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 43. — Sloan, jam. 1. p.
230. t. 142. f. 3, 4. Flowers crimson or scarlet; rays fleshy,
green, with blunt scarlet tips.
Perfoliale-\e&ved Passion-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800.
Shrub cl.
41 P. RU'BRA (Lin. amoen. 1. p. 222. t. 10. f. 9.) leaves vel-
vety, cordate at the base, 2-lobed, with an awn in the recess be-
tween the lobes, glandless beneath, and on the petioles ; pedicels
solitary ; ovarium hairy, subglobose. Jj . w. S. Native of the
West Indies and the adjacent continent. Plum. amer. t. 83.
Ker. bot. reg. t. 95. Stem reddish, hairy. Flowers of a greenish
yellow colour ; crown red. Berry red.
Red-berried Passion-flower. Fl. April, Sept. Ch. 1831.
Shrub cl.
42 P. CAPSULA^RIS (Lin. 1. c. p. 234.) leaves downy, cordate
at the base, 2-lobed, with an awn in the recess between the lobes,
and are, as well as the petioles, glandless : pedicels solitary ;
ovarium elliptic-oblong, and is, as well as the fruit, acutely
hexagonal, glabrous. >j . w. S. Native of the West Indies.
Plum. icon. amer. t. 138. f. 2. The flowers are reddish accord-
ing to Plumier, but according to other authors they are whitish.
Fruit small, purple when ripe.
Var. j3, acutiloba (D. C. prod. 3. p. 325.) leaves deeply 2-
lobecl, hardly pubescent above, painted with white. Jj • w ^
Native of Brazil.
Var. y, geminifolia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, hardly cor-
date at the base ; branches triangular ; pedicels twin. lj . w. S.
Native of Jamaica. P. capsularis, Smith in Rees' cycl. no. 22.
Capsular Passion-flower. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
43 P. BIFLORA (Lam. diet. 1. no. 36.) leaves glabrous, glan-
dular beneath, cordate at the base, 3-nerved, truncate, some-
what 2 or 3-lobed ; petioles short, glandless ; pedicels twin. Jj .
,_,. S. Native of the West India Islands, and South America,
P. lunata, Smith, icon. pict. t. 1. Ker, bot. reg. 577. P. Ves-
pertilio, Lawr. pass. t. 8. Flowers white ; rays of crown yel-
low. The Mexican plant differs in the leaves being roundly
cuneated at the base, not cordate, and in the lobes being less
divaricate.
VOL. III.
Two-flowered Passion-flower. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1800. Sh. cl.
44 P. LESCHENAU'LTII (D. C. prod. 3. p. 32C.) leaves semi-
orbicular at the base, somewhat truncate at the apex, tricuspi-
date, pubescent on the nerves beneath, glandless ; petioles bi-
glandular in the middle; peduncles twin, 1-flowered. Tj . w. S.
Native of the East Indies, among the Neelgherry Mountains,
where it is called by the inhabitants covaymonkou. Bryonia tri-
cuspidata, Lesch. herb. Flowers unknown.
Leschenaull's Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
45 P. ANDERSONII (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, glandular
beneath, cuneately-rounded at the base, 3-nerved, truncate at
the apex, sublunate ; petioles long, glandless ; pedicels twin,
hardly longer than the petioles. tj . w. S. Native of the Island
of St. Lucia. Flowers party-coloured.
Anderson's Passion-flower. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1823. Sh. cl.
46 P. RO'HRII (D. C. 1. c.) leaves nearly glabrous, ovate,
somewhat truncate at the base, S-nerved, blunt and somewhat
3-lobed at the apex ; petioles biglandular, rather velvety ; pedi-
cels solitary. Tj . w. S. Native of Cayenne.
Rohr's Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
47 P. PENDULIFLORA (Bert, in herb. Balb. ex D. C. 1. c.)
leaves glabrous, roundly obovate, 3-nerved, glandular beneath ;
nerves extending beyond the border of the leaf; petioles gland-
less ; peduncles solitary or twin, much longer than the petioles,
pendulous, bracteolate beneath the middle. Tj . w, S. Native
of Jamaica, on the mountains. Flowers pale : threads of crown
few and glandular.
Pendulous-flowered Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
48 P. HEMICY'CLA (Meyer, prim, esseq. p. 225.) leaves gla-
brous, glaucous and glandular beneath, 3-nerved at the base,
semicircular, somewhat 3-lobed at the apex ; petioles pubescent,
glandless ; pedicels twin, shorter than the petioles. Tj . ^. S.
Native of Guiana, about Essequibo ; and of Trinidad. Flowers
white.
Half-circular-\ea.ved Passion-flower. Clt. 1817. Shrub cl.
49 P. VESPERTILIO (Lin. amcen. l.p. 223. t. 10. f. 11.) leaves
glabrous, glandular beneath, 1 -nerved, cuneated at the base,
divaricately 2-lobed, rarely somewhat 3-lobed; petioles very
short, glandless; pedicels solitary. I? . w. S. Native of South
America. — Dill. hort. elth. t. 137. f. 164. Flowers white,
small.
Bat-wing-leaved Passion-flower. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1 732.
Shrub cl.
50 P. RETU'SA (Hook, et Arnott, in bot. misc. 3. p. 235.)
leaves smoothish, biglandular beneath, cuneated at the base, or
rounded, 3-nerved, 3-lobed ; lobes mucronulate, middle one
truncate, lateral ones divaricate, prolonged ; petioles glandless ;
peduncles solitary, exceeding the petioles. (7 . w. S. Native
of Brazil, on the banks of the Uraguay ; and at Santa Borga.
Closely allied to P. vespertilio.
Retuse-\ea.ved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
51 P. MAXIMILIA'NA (Bory, ann. gen. 1819. vol. 2. p. 149.
t. 24.) leaves glabrous, divaricately 2-lobed, drawn out a little
in the middle, somewhat cordate at the base, red and biglan-
dular beneath ; petioles glandless ; pedicels solitary or twin,
longer than the petioles. ^ . w. S. Native of Brazil. P. dis-
color, Link et Otto, abh. 1. p. 13. t. 5. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 565.
P. vespertilio, Ker, bot. reg. t. 597. This plant differs from P.
vespertilio in the leaves being cordate at the base, not cuneated,
blood-coloured beneath ; and in the pedicels being three or four
times longer. Flowers greenish ; crown white.
Prince Maximilian's Passion-flower. Fl. May, June. Clt.
1800. Shrub cl.
52 P. JORULLE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
133.) leaves glabrous, glandular beneath, semiorbicular at the
base, 3-nerved, truncate at the apex, 2-lobed ; petioles puberu-
H
50
PASSIFLORE^E. III. PASSIFLORA.
lous and glandless ; pedicels twin. fy.^.S. Native of Mexico,
on the burning Mount Jorullo. Flowers greenish ?
Jorullo Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
53 P. SICYOIDES (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaea. vol. 5. p.
88.) leaves cordate, 3-lobed, sharply subdentate or quite entire,
glaucous beneath, hairy, biglandular in the recesses, smooth-
ish above ; lobes triangularly acuminated, middle lobe the
longest ; petioles hairy, biglandular in the middle ; glands large,
clavate ; stipulas half ovate, cuspidately acuminated ; peduncles
twin ; bracteas filiform, small, approximating the flower. Tj . w. S.
Native of Mexico, in woods near Jalapa. Flowers pale. Habit
of Bryonia.
Slcyos-like Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
54 P. OBLONGA'TA (Swartz, prod. p. 97.) leaves glabrous,
glandular beneath, oblong, rounded at the base, 3-nerved, 3-
lobed at the apex ; petioles glandless ; pedicels solitary, fj . w.
S. Native of Jamaica, among bushes. P. elongata, Poir. suppl.
2. p. 839.
Oi/owg-leaved Passion-flower. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816.
Shrub cl.
55 P. LYRJEFOLIA (Tuss. ant. t. 4.) leaves glabrous, glandular
beneath, ovate at the base, 3-nerved, 3-lobed at the apex ; lobes
straight, acuminated, middle lobe small ; petioles glandless ; pe-
dicels solitary or twin. ^ . w. S. Native of Jamaica, on Mount
St. George. Probably sufficiently distinct from the preceding
and following species.
Lyre-leaved Passion-flower. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1816. Sh. cl.
56 P. TUBEROSA (Jacq. hort. schcenbr. t. 496.) leaves gla-'
brous, glandular beneath, rounded at the base, 3-nerved, 3-
lobed at the apex ; lobes oblong, acute, middle lobe very small ;
petioles glandless; pedicels twin; branches of root tuberous.
fj . ^,. S. Native of South America. Ker, bot. reg. t. 432.
P. punctata, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 110. Lower leaves usually
painted with white on the upper surface. Flowers greenish
white ; outer crown green at the base, tipped with purple and
white. Style purple.
Tuberous-rooted Passion-flower. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1810.
Shrub cl.
57 P. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Lin. 1. c. p. 235.) leaves rather glandu-
lar, velvety beneath, nearly orbicular, 3-nerved, 3-lobed ; pe-
tioles glandless ; pedicels twin ; berries globose, hairy. T? . w.
S. Native of the Antilles. Plum. icon. amer. t. 138. f. 1.
Cav. diss. t. 290. Flowers whitish.
Var. ft, Jacquini (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous beneath ; pedi-
cels solitary ; leaflets of involucrum ovate. Jj . w. S. Native
of Carthagena, in the woods. P. rotundifolia, Jacq. obs. t. 46.
f. 1. Petals whitish ; rays of crown yellow.
Var. y, Swdrtzii (D. C. prod. 3. p. 327.) leaves glabrous be-
neath ; berry ovate, glabrous. ^ . Vj). S. Native of the south
of Jamaica. P. rotundifolia, Swartz, obs. p. 337. Flowers
greenish.
Round-leaved Passion-flower. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1779.
Shrub cl.
58 P. ALNIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 136.)
leaves puberulous beneath, glandular, ovate, roundly truncate at
the base, 3-nerved, roundly 3-lobed at the apex ; middle lobe
emarginate ; petioles glandless, and are, as well as the pedicels,
downy, and twin ; berries spherical, glabrous. Ij . w. S. Na-
tive of South America, on Mount Quindiu, at the river Cuello.
Flowers large.
Glider-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
59 P. OBSCU'RA ; leaves 3-lobed, somewhat cordate, truncate,
velvety : lateral lobes divaricate : intermediate one obsolete,
emarginate ; petals emarginate, shorter than the calyx ; tube of
calyx rotate, depressed ; inner crown pubescent, plicate, lying on
the base of the stipe, in the disc, outer crown radiate ; ovarium vil-
8
lous. I? . ^. S. Native of the north-eastern coast of South America,
but in what place we gathered it is now forgotten. Flowers
small, pale green, with a downy pedicel : the inner crown is
downy and purple : the outer crown has its lower half purple,
and its upper white. This species seems to come nearest to P.
alnifolia of Bonpland.
Obscure Passion-flower. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1823. Sh. cl.
60 P. MO'LLIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 137.) leaves canes-
cent beneath, glandular, ovate-cordate at the base, 3-nerved, 3-
lobed at the apex : lateral lobes very small ; petioles glandless,
and are, as well as the pedicels, pubescent ; pedicels twin ; ber-
ries globose, puberulous. >j . w. S. Native of South America,
on Mount Quindiu. Flowers not seen.
Soft Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
61 P. PUNCTA'TA (Lin. amcen. 1. p. 224. t. 10. f. 12.) leaves
glabrous, transversely oval, glandular beneath, 3-nerved at the
base, and emarginately cordate, very bluntly 3-lobed at the apex ;
petioles glandless ; pedicels solitary, longer than the petioles.
Ij . w. G. Native of Peru. Feuill. per. 2. t. 11. Flowers with
whitish petals : and violet rays, tipped with yellow.
Dolled-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
62 P. BRYONIOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 140.) leaves his-
pid, cordate at the base, 5-nerved, palmately 5-lobed, sharply-
toothed ; petioles biglandular at the apex, hairy ; pedicels hairy,
twin ; berries elliptic, glabrous. Tj . ^,. S. Native of Mexico,
near Santa Rosa. Flowers greenish.
Bryony-like Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
SECT. VI. GRANADILLA (Granadilla or Granadille is the French
name of some Passion-flowers, so called from the resemblance of
the fruit, in size and colour, to a pomegranate, with this differ-
ence, that it is not crowned by the calyx). D. C. in mem. soc.
gen. 1. pt. 2. p. 435. prod. 3. p. 827.— Anthactinia, Bory, ann.
gen. 2. p. 138. Involucrum 3-leaved under the flower; leaflets
entire or toothed, never jagged. Calyx 10-lobed ; the 5 inner
lobes are probably petals. Pedicels 1 -flowered, rising from the
same axils as the tendrils, which are simple.
* Leaves entire.
63 P. SERRATIFOLIA (Lin. amoen. 1. p. 217. t. 10. f. 1.)
leaves pubescent beneath, ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrulated,
feather-nerved ; petioles bearing 4 glands, and are, as well as
the pedicels, pubescent, tj . w. S. Native of South America.
Cav. diss. t. 279. Sims, bot. mag. t. 651. Jacq. hort. schcenb.
1. p. 4. t. 10. Mart. dec. 4. t. 36. Flowers with purple petals,
and the filaments of the crown pale purple at the base, and
from thence bluish.
Saw-leaved Passion-flower. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1731. Sh. cl.
64 P. NI'TIDA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 130.) leaves glabrous,
oblong-elliptic, acuminated, serrulated, feather-nerved ; petioles
biglandular. Tj . w. S. Native in woods about the Orinoco.
Very nearly allied to the preceding species. Flowers about the
size of those of P. ccerulea, with a reddish calyx : crown with
blue filaments, ringed with white.
Shining-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
65 P. GUAZHM^FOLIA (Juss. ann. mus. 6. t. 39. f. 1.) leaves
glabrous, ovate-oblong, acuminated, denticulated ; petioles bi-
glandular; crown one-half shorter than the calycine lobes. T; .
w. S. Native of New Granada, in very hot places. Flowers
large, with a whitish calyx.
Guazuma-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
66 P. COCCJ'NEA (Aubl. guian. 2. t. 324.) leaves glabrous,
ovate, coarsely toothed, acutish ; petioles bearing 4-6 glands ;
bracteas ovate, subserrated, velvety, fy . ^,. S. Native of
Guiana, where it is also cultivated ; and Maranham, in Brazil.
Cav. diss. t. 280. Flowers scarlet, with orange-coloured rays.
Fruit full of juicy sweet edible pulp.
PASSIFLORE&. III. PASSIFLORA.
51
Scarlet-fiowered Passion-flower or Granadilla. Fl. June, Nov.
Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
67 P. VETUTI'NA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 327.) young leaves pu-
bescent, at length glabrous, cordate, acutish, sinuately lobed,
serrated ; petioles biglandular ; bracteas glandularly serrated.
Tj . w. S. Native of Brazil. Allied to P. coccinea. Flowers
perhaps red or scarlet.
Velvety Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
68 P. GLANDULOSA (Cav. diss. t. 281.) leaves glabrous, ovate,
coarsely toothed, acutish ; petioles biglandular ; bracteas entire,
biglandular at the base. Tj . w. S. Native of Cayenne. Tac-
sbnia glandulosa, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 43. Fruit the size of a
hen's egg.
Glandular Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
69 P. MUCRONA'TA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 33.) leaves glabrous,
ovate-cordate, obtuse, entire ; petioles biglandular ; stipulas
broad-ovate, awned ; bracteas oblong, serrate-crenated. tj . w. S.
Native of Brazil, at Rio Janeiro. Cav. diss. t. 282.
Mucronate-\ea\ed Passion-flower. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820.
Shrub cl.
70 P. MALIFO'RMIS (Lin. amoen. 1. p. 220. t. 10. f. 5.) leaves
glabrous, ovate, somewhat cordate at the base, acuminated, en-
tire ; petioles biglandular ; bracteas ovate, acute, joined at the
base, larger than the flower. Pj . w. S. Native of St. Do-
mingo, Porto-Rico, &c. Plum. icon. amer. t. 82. Ker, bot. reg.
t. 94. Leaves long and broad. Flowers large, sweet-scented,
and beautiful, of various shades ; the petals white, and the rays
blue ; the outer divisions of flowers are red. This species is
called the apple-fruited Granadilla or sweet calabash. The
fruit round, smooth, about 2 inches in diameter, of a dingy yel-
low-colour when ripe ; the coat is hard and stringy, nearly a
quarter of an inch in thickness, full of very agreeable gelatinous
pale yellow pulp, which is eaten with wine and sugar.
Apple-formed- fruited Passion-flower or Granadilla. Fl. July,
Nov. Clt. 1731. Shrub cl.
71 P. TILLEFOLIA (Lin. amcen.
1. p. 219. t. 10. f. 4.) leaves gla-
brous, cordate, entire, acute ; pe-
tioles glandless ; stipulas and
bracteas entire, oval, acuminated.
Jj . w. G. Native of Peru. Feuil.
per. 2. t. 1 2. Flowers red ; rays
crimson, with a white line. Fruit
globose, variegated with red and
yellow, containing a sweet watery
pulp. (f. 4.)
Lime - tree - leaved Passion-
flower or Granadilla. Fl. June.
Clt. 1823. Shrub cl.
72 P. SERRATIST1PULA (MoC.
et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex
D. C. prod. 3. p. 328.) leaves
glabrous, cordate, acute, entire;
petioles bearing 4 glands ; stipulas and bracteas ovate, acute,
serrated. lj . w. S. Native of Mexico. Fruit edible.
Serrate-stipuled Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
3 P. LIGULA'RIS (Juss. ann. mus. 6. t. 40.) leaves glabrous,
iate, acuminated, entire; petioles bearing 4-6 cylindrical
glands; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, acuminated ; bracteas ovate,
entire. ^ . ^. S. Native of Peru. Flowers party-coloured.
Var. ft, geminifldra (D. C. prod. 3. p. 328.) pedicels twin.
Native of Caraccas.
Ligular-stipu\ed Passion-flower. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1819. Sh. cl.
74 P. QUADRANGULA'RIS (Lin. spec. 1356.) leaves glabrous,
cordate at the base, ovate, acuminated ; petioles bearing 4-6
glands ; stipulas ovate, and are, as well as the bracteas, entire ;
FIG. 4.
branches tetragonally winged. 1? . w. S. Native of Jamaica and
South America. Ker, bot. reg. t. 14. — Jacq. amer. t. 143. pict.
218. Flowers highly odoriferous ; calycine lobes white within ;
petals of the same shape, red within, and white outside. Crown
5-fold ; outer rays in a double row, longer than the petals,
round, white, and variegated with violet. The common grana-
dilla or gronadilla vine bears large fruit, of an oblong shape,
about 6 inches in diameter, and 1 5 inches in circumference. It
is externally of a greenish yellow, when ripe soft and leathery
to the touch, and quite smooth ; the rind is very thick, and con-
tains a succulent pulp of a purple colour, which is the edible
part. Wine and sugar are commonly added to it. The flavour
is sweet and slightly acid, and is very grateful to the taste, and
cooling in a hot climate. It has been successfully cultivated for
its fruit in a few places in this country.
Var. ft, sulcata (D. C. prod. 3. p. 328.) fruit furrowed trans-
versely.
Cultivation of Granadilla (P. quadrangularis). Mr. Mitche-
son keeps a plant in a box 1 8 inches square, fixed on a level
with the curb in one corner of a tan-pit. The sides of the box
are perforated, to admit the roots to run among the tan, and the
shoots are trained like vines, under the rafters. In autumn the
shoots are pruned back to within two or three eyes of the
old wood ; and in March following, or just before the plant
begins to break, it is taken out of the box, the root and ball
reduced, and repotted in fresh compost. Abundance of water
in the flowering season enables the plant to set its fruit without
artificial impregnation. A strong plant will produce 40 fruits in
a season in regular succession, from the end of June till Christ-
mas. Half that number will grow to a larger size. Gard. mag.
2. p. 203. The Pass, laurifolia and Pass, edulis may be culti-
vated in the same way for their fruit.
Quadrangular- stemmed Passion-flower or Granadilla. Fl.
Aug. Sept. Clt. 1768. Shrub cl.
75 P. MAURITIA'NA (Pet. Th. ann. mus. 6. p. 65.) leaves
glabrous, cordate at the base, ovate, acuminated ; petioles bear-
ing 4-6 glands ; bracteas lanceolate, acuminated, denticulated.
T; . w. S. Native of the Mauritius.
Mauritian Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
76 P. ALA'TA (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 306.) leaves glabrous,
somewhat cordate, ovate, acute ; petioles bearing 4 glands ; sti-
pulas lanceolately falcate, somewhat serrated ; pedicels terete ;
branches tetragonally winged ; bracteas a little toothed. Pj . w. S.
Native of Peru. Sims, bot. mag. t. 66. Sowerby in Lin. trans.
2. p. 23. t. 3. f. 6. Flowers very sweet-scented, the upper side
of the calyx and petals deep crimson ; rays variegated with
purple, white, and crimson.
Winged-stemmed Passion-flower. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1772.
Shrub cl.
77 P. LATIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 328.) leaves glabrous,
broadly cordate, acuminated ; lateral nerves approximate at the
middle of the base ; petioles glandular ; stipulas and bracteas
oval-oblong, entire ; branches terete. tj . w. S. Native of Peru.
Flowers pale red.
Broad-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
78 P. A'LBIDA (Ker, bot. reg. 677.) leaves glabrous, roundish-
cordate, entire ; petioles biglandular in the middle ; stipulas
ovate-lanceolate, setosely apiculated; bracteas approximating
the flowers, soon falling off; pedicels twice the length of the
leaves. Tj . w. S. Native of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro. Flowers
white, not pale red as in the preceding. Column inclined. Sta-
mens secund. Crown yellowish.
Whilish-RowereA Passion-flower. Fl. Aug, Sept. Clt. 1816.
Shrub cl.
79 P. ORNA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 129.)
leaves glabrous, ovate-elliptic, acute, crenulated ; petioles bi-
H2
52
PASSIFLORE^E. III. PASSIFLORA.
glandular ; axils glandular ; bracteas ovate, large, entire. Fj .
w. S. Native of New Granada, in temperate places. Flowers
whitish, with blue rays mingled with white.
Plumed Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
80 P. LO'KGIPES (Juss. ann. mus. 6. t. 33. f. 1.) leaves gla-
brous, oval-lanceolate, somewhat cordate at the base, entire ;
petioles biglandular at the apex ; stipulas and bracteas lanceo-
late ; pedicels twice the length of the leaves. Tj . w. S. Native
of New Granada, on Mount Quindiu. Flowers about the size of
those of P. ccerulea, pale red.
Long-stalked Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
81 P. LAURIFOLIA (Lin. 1. c. p. 220. t. 10. f. 6.) leaves gla-
brous, ovate-oblong, entire; petioles biglandular at the apex;
stipulas setaceous, length of petioles ; bracteas obovate, glandu-
larly serrated at the apex. ^ • w S. Native of the West
India Islands and South America. Plum. amer. t. 80. Ker, bot.
reg. t. 13. Jacq. hort. schcenbr. 2. t. 162. amer. pict. 2. t. 219.
Sowerby in Lin. trans. 2. t. 4. f. c. Marquiaas, Merian. sur. t.
21. The French call it pomme de liane, and the English honey-
suckle : but in most parts of South America the fruit is known
by the name of murucuja or granadilla ; for which the plant is
cultivated almost throughout South America, the fruit being
agreeable to most palates. The P. latirifblia is called also
muter -lemon. The flowers are red and violet and sweet-scented ;
the fruit about the size of a hen's-egg, but rather more elongated,
and tapering equally at both ends ; when ripe it is yellow, and
dotted over with white spots. It contains a whitish watery
pulp, which in the West Indies is usually sucked through a
small hole made in the rind, which is tough, soft, and thin ; the
juice has a peculiar aromatic flavour, is delicately acid, and allays
thirst agreeably.
Laurel-leaved Passion-flower or Granadilla. Fl. June, July.
Clt. 1690. Shrub cl.
82 P. TINIFOLIA (Juss. 1. c. t. 41. f. 2.) leaves glabrous, ob-
long, entire ; petioles biglandular in the middle ; stipulas seta-
ceous ; bracteas oblong, hardly crenated. \ . w. S. Native
of Cayenne, and about Essequibo. Very like P. laurifolia.
Tinus-leaved Passion-flower. Fl. July. Clt. 1824. Sh. cl.
83 P. ACUMINA'TA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 328.) leaves glabrous,
ovate- lanceolate, acuminated, entire; petioles biglandular at the
apex ; bracteas oblong, obtuse, entire. Fj . w. S. Native of
Brazil.
Acuminated-\eaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
* * Leaves lobed, parted, or cut to the base.
84 P. INDECO'RA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 134.) leaves pube-
rulous beneath, rather glandular, semi-orbicular, lunate, sub-
cordate ; lobes ovate, divaricate ; petioles glandless, pubescent ;
stipulas linear, pubescent ; bracteas ovate. Jj . w. S. Native
of New Granada, in temperate places. Perhaps belonging to
the section Decaloba.
Indecorous Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
85 P. PULCHE'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves glabrous,
somewhat glandular, semiorbicular, truncately 2 or 3-lobed ;
petioles glandless ; stipulas linear-subulate ; bracteas oblong,
large, entire. Fj . w. S. Native of South America, in the pro-
vince of Caraccas. Flowers white, with yellow rays ringed
with blue.
Neat Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
86 P. RACEMOSA (Brot. in Lin. trans. 12. t. 6.) leaves quite
glabrous, rather peltate, glaucous beneath, for the most part
3-lobed ; petioles usually bearing 4 glands ; pedicels twin, form-
ing terminal racemes, in consequence of the upper leaves being
abortive, Fj . w. S. Native of Brazil. Sims, bot. mag. 2001.
P. princeps, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 84. Flowers of a deep red or
scarlet colour. Racemes pendulous. There is a variety having
the outer ray of the crown white.
Racemose Passion-flower. Fl. Mar. Oct. Clt. 1815, Sh. cl.
87 P. SANGUINEA (Colla. mem. acad. taur. ined. hort. ripul.
append, t. 6.) leaves glabrous, cordate, glaucous beneath, 3-5-
parted ; lobes oblong, entire ; petioles bearing 4 glands ; stipu-
las auriculately falcate, apiculated, somewhat serrated ; pedicels
axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered. Tj . w. S. Native country un-
known. Probably a hybrid between P. racemosa and P. alula.
Flowers large, of a deep scarlet or blood-red colour.
.Bfoorf-coloured-flowered Passion-flower. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. ?
Shrub cl.
88 P. CCERU'LEO-RACEMOSA (Sab. in hort. trans. 4. p. 758.
t. 9.) leaves quite glabrous, rather coriaceous, 3-5-lobed ; lobes
undulated, somewhat toothed at the base ; petioles bearing 4
glands; pedicels axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered. Tj . w. S. A
hybrid raised from the seed of P. racemosa, impregnated by the
pollen of P. ccerulea. Like the male parent, it will live through-
out the winter in the open ground, with a little protection in
severe weather. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 573. Flowers purple.
Slue-racemose Passion-flower. Fl. June, Oct. Hybrid 1820.
Shrub cl.
89 P. ALA'TO-CCSRU'LEA (Lindl. bot; reg. t. 848.) leaves gla-
brous, cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes quite entire, ovate-lanceolate ;
petioles bearing 2-4 glands ; stipulas auriculated, acuminately
apiculated, entire ; pedicels terete, much longer than the pe-
tioles ; brandies quadrangular. Fj . v-l. S. A hybrid, raised
from the seeds of P. alata, impregnated by the pollen of P.
ccerulea. Lobes of calyx rose-coloured on the outside. Petals
white inside. Crown triple ; outer filamentous appendages va-
riegated with black, blue, and white.
Winged-blue Passion-flower. Fl. June, Oct. Hybrid 1823.
Shrub cl.
90 P. STIPULA'TA (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 325.) leaves glabrous,
glaucous beneath, cordate at the base, 5-nerved, trifid; lobes
ovate, entire ; petioles bearing 2-4 glands ; stipulas oblong,
somewhat auricled, mucronate, and are as well as the bracteas
entire ; peduncles about equal in length to the petioles. Tj . W.S.
Native of Cayenne and Brazil ; and of Mexico, near Jalapa. P.
glauca, Ker. bot. reg. t. 88. but notof Humb. Flowers whitish ;
crown variegated with purple and white.
Stipulate Passion-flower. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1779. Sh.cl.
91 P. RADDIA'NA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 329.) leaves glabrous,
somewhat cordate at the base, 5-nerved, trifid ; lobes ovate,
glandularly subserrated at the base ; petioles bearing 2 glands
in the middle ; stipulas ovate, dimidiate, awned ; peduncles 4-
times longer than the petioles. T? . w. S. Native of Brazil,
where it was detected by Raddi.
Raddi's Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
92 P. A'LBA (Link, et Otto. abhl. t. 33.) leaves glabrous,
glaucescent beneath, somewhat cordate at the base, 5-nerved,
3-lobed ; lobes oval, somewhat glandularly serrated at the base ;
petioles biglandular in the middle ; stipulas cordate ; superior
peduncles longer than the petioles. Fj . w. S. Native of Bra-
zil. Flowers white. Very nearly allied to P. Raddidna.
While-Qovtered Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
93 P. SETA'CEA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves velvety beneath, 3-nerved
at the base, somewhat cordate, trifid ; lobes ovate-oblong, acut
serrulated ; petioles velvety, biglandular at the base ; bracteas
ovate, acuminated, ciliately serrated. Fj . w. S. Native of Bra-
zil, near Rio Janeiro.
<Seteceo«s-bractead Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
94 P. MENISPERMIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2.
p. 137.) leaves hairy beneath, pubescent above, roundish-cor-
date, angularly 3-lobed, sharply toothed ; petioles hairy, usually
bearing 4 glands ; stipulas large, dimidiately subcordate, awned,
PASSIFLORE^E. III. PASSIFLORA.
53
hence toothed on one side. T? . ^. S. Native of South Ame-
rica, near Jaen de Bracamoros. Flowers unknown.
Moon-seed-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
95 P. SUBPELTA'TA (Ort. dec. 6. p. 78.) leaves glabrous, cor-
date, 3-lobed ; lobes serrated : middle lobe more extended than
the side ones ; petioles bearing 2-4 glands in the middle ; sti-
pulas semi-cordate, mucronate ; bracteas cordate. Tj . w. S.
Native of New Spain.
Subpeltate-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
96 P. PUNICEA (Ruiz et Pav. ined. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 329.)
leaves velvety beneath, rather scabrous above, 5-nerved, broadly
subcordate, trifid ; lobes sharply serrated, acute ; petioles vel-
vety, glandless ; stipulas setaceous ; bracteas oval, serrated.
Tj . w. S. Native of South America, probably of Peru. Flowers
scarlet. Agreeing in habit with Tacsonia.
•Scarto-flowered Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
97 P. INCARNA'TA (Lin. amcen. 1. p. 230. t. 10. f. 19. a. e.}
leaves glabrous, somewhat cuneated at the base, 5-nerved,
deeply trifid ; lobes lanceolate, serrated ; petioles biglandular
at the apex ; stipulas small ; bracteas glandularly serrated ;
ovarium villous. Fj . w. G. Native of South America and
Virginia. Aid. hort. farn. t. 50. 52. 58. Mor. ox. 2. p. 6.
sect. 1. t. 1. f. 9. Calycine lobes pale green. Petals white;
crown with a double circle of purple rays. The Flesh-coloured
Granadilla, or May-apple, is a perennial, sending up annually a
number of herbaceous shoots. The flowers are sweet-scented,
variegated with purple. The fruit, when ripe, is about the size
of an apple, orange-coloured, with a sweetish yellow pulp.
Var. ft, integriloba (D. C. prod. 3. p. 329.) lobes of leaves
entire. Ker. bot. reg. t. 332. P. Kerii, Spreng. syst. 3. p.
39. Flowers pink.
Flesh-coloured-fiowered Passion-flower or Granadilla. Fl.
July, Aug. Clt. 1629. PI. cl.
98 P. EDU'LIS (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1989.) leaves glabrous, 3-
lobed, serrated ; petioles biglandular at the apex ; bracteas
glandularly serrated ; crown about equal in length to the caly-
cine lobes ; ovarium glabrous. I? . w. S. Native of Brazil.
Flowers whitish. Fruit purple, edible. Purple-fruiting Passi-
flora, Sab. in hort. trans. 3. p. 99. t. 3. Purple-fruited Gra-
nadilla, Sab. The flowers are fragrant, of a white colour tinged
with purple. The fruit changes to a dark livid purple on be-
coming ripe, and much resembles the fruit of the purple egg-
plant. The shape is elliptic, an inch and a half in diameter, and
2 inches from the stalk to the top ; the pulp is orange-coloured,
and the seeds numerous ; the taste, acid, and the flavour some-
what like that of an orange. It produces fruit abundantly in
stoves.
Edible-fruited Passion-flower or Granadilla. Fl. July, Aug.
Clt. ? Shrub cl.
99 P. SERRULA'TA (Jacq. obs. 2. t. 46. f. 2.) leaves glabrous,
3-lobed, finely serrulated ; lobes oblong, middle one the longest ;
petioles biglandular in the middle ; bracteas entire. Tj . w. S.
Native of South America, in the woods of Carthagena. Flow.ers
variegated with crimson and white, sweet-scented, 2^ inches wide.
Serrulated-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
100 P. CUNEIFOLIA (Cav. diss. 10. t. 292.) leaves glabrous,
3-lobed, serrated ; lobes ovate, acuminated : petioles biglan-
dular ; bracteas large, ovate, entire ; crown 3 times longer than
the calyx. Tj . ,_,. S. Native of South America.
Wedge-leaved Passion-flower. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1825. Sh.cl.
101 P. TRILOBA (Ruiz et Pav. ined. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 330.)
leaves glabrous, cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes ovate-roundish, obtuse,
somewhat denticulated ; petioles biglandular at the apex ; sti-
pulas ovate-cordate, denticulated ; bracteas large, ovate, mu-
cronate. Tj . w. S. Native of Peru.
Three-lobed-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
102 P. VITIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 138.)
leaves downy beneath, cordate, deeply 3-lobed ; lobes ovate,
acuminated, sharply toothed, with the sinuses biglandular ; pe-
tioles biglandular at the base, pubescent ; bracteas glandularly
toothed. Tj . v_/. S. Native of South America, on the banks of
the rivers Magdalena and Cassiquiares. Flowers yellowish ;
outer crown orange-coloured ; inner crown white.
Vine-leaved Passion-flower. Clt. 1823. Shrub cl.
103 P. piL6sA (Ruiz et Pav. ined. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 330.)
plant hispid from rigid hairs ; leaves cuneated at the base and
cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes coarsely toothed, ovate-lanceolate ;
petioles biglandular ; stipulas ovate-cordate ; bracteas oblong,
ciliated. Tj . ^. S. Native of Mexico, (v. s. in herb. Lamb.)
Pilose Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
104 P. ADENOPODA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex
D. C. prod. 3. p. 330.) leaves glabrous, cordate at the base, 5-
nerved, 5-lobed ; lobes ovate, acuminated, somewhat serrated ;
petioles bearing 2 pedicellate glands ; bracteas deeply serrated.
Ij . w. S. Native of Mexico.
Stalked- glanded Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
105 P. FILAMENTOSA (Cav. diss. 10. t. 294.) leaves glabrous,
5-parted, serrated ; petioles biglandular in the middle ; bracteas
serrated ; crown longer than the calyx or nearly equal to it.
Tj . w. S. Native of South America. Sims, bot. mag. 2023.
Flowers with whitish petals and blue crown, coloured very like
those of P. ccerulea.
Filamentous Passion-flower. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1817. Sh. cl.
106 P. PALMA'TA (Lod. bot. cab. no. 97. Link, enum. 2.
p. 183.) leaves glabrous, palmately 5-parted, somewhat serru-
lated ; serratures glandular ; crown a little shorter than the
calyx, fj . v-,. S. Native of Brazil. P. filamentosa fl, Ker.
bot. reg. 584. Flowers the size of those of the following spe-
cies, bluish ; crown variegated with blue, purple, and white.
Palmate-\ea.ved Passion-flower. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1817. Sh. cl.
107 P. CCSRU'LEA (Lin. amcen. 1. p. 231. t. 10. f. 20.) leaves
glabrous, 5-parted ; lobes oblong, quite entire ; petioles bearing
4 glands at the apex ; stipulas falcate ; bracteas ovate, entire ;
crown shorter than the calyx, J? . w. S. Native of Brazil
and Peru. Curt. bot. mag. t. 28. Herb. amat. t. 102. Sow-
erby in Lin. trans. 2. p. 25. t. 4. f. 4. Calycine segments pale
greenish white ; the petals are nearly of the same shape and
size. Styles purplish. Rays of the crown in two circles, pur-
ple at bottom, white in the middle, and blue at the ends. Fruit
egg-shaped, size of a Mogul plum, yellow when ripe. The
flowers have a faint scent, and continue but one day, like many
other species of this genus. This is the only kind which can be
considered truly hardy.
Var. fl, angustifblia ; lobes of leaves narrow ; plant flowering
later than the species. A hybrid.
Var. y, glaucophylla ; leaves glaucous beneath.
Var. 8, ColvUlei (Sweet, fl. gard. t. 126.) lobes of leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, serrulated ; petioles biglandular at the apex ;
stipulas rather lunate, serrulately ciliated ; bracteas ovate,
obtuse, serrulated ; threads of crown rather shorter than the
corolla. Ij . H. A hybrid. Flowers whitish ; petals tinged
with blue ; outer crown variegated with purple, white, and blue.
ZMwe-flowered or Common Passion-flower. Fl. June, Oct.
Clt. 1699. Shrub cl.
108 P. SERRA'TA (Lin. amcen. 1. p. 232. t. 10. f. 21.) leaves
glabrous, 7-parted, 7-nerved ; lobes serrated ; petioles bearing
4 glands ; bracteas joined to the middle, acute, entire. Tj . ^. S.
Native of Martinico. Plum. amer. t. 79. Petals violet-co-
loured. Crown variegated with purple, violet and white.
Var. fl, digitala (Ruiz et Pav. ined. ex herb. Lamb. D. C.
prod. 3. p. 330.) lobes of leaves hardly serrated. Tj . ^. S.
Native of Peru.
PASSIFLOREJE. III. PASSIFLORA.
Serrated-leaved Passion-flower. Clt. 1800. Shrub cl.
109 P. LOUREI'RII; leaves glabrous, 5-parted; lobes quite
entire ; petioles biglandular. Tj . w. F. Native of China and
Cochin-china. P. ccerulea, Lour. coch. p. 527. but not of Lin.
P. Chinensis, Sweet ? Flowers greenish yellow, with a blue
crown.
Loureiro's Passion-flower. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. ? Shrub cl.
110 P. PEDA'TA (Lin. amoan. 1. p. 233. t. 10. f. 22.) leaves
pedate, in consequence of the petiole being branched at the top ;
petiole biglandular ; segments of leaves oval, acuminated, ser-
rated ; bracteas dentately fringed. Jj . w. S. Native of St.
Domingo and Trinidad. Plum. amer. t. 81. Calycine seg-
ments pale green, with abundance of little red spots on the
upper surface. Petals or inner calycine segments blue. The
rays of the crown are very close, deep red, with 2 or 3 white
rings, very slender, violet at the ends ; they are twisted so as to
resemble the serpents about Medusa's head. Fruit the size of
a middling apple, green, and dotted.
Pedate-leaved Passion-flower. Clt. 1781. Shrub cl.
SECT. VII. TACSONIOIDES (plants resembling Tacsonia in
habit). D. C. prod. 3. p. 330. Tube of calyx rather elongated,
nevertheless much shorter than the limb. The rest as in sec-
tion Granadilla. Leaves 3-lobed, with the recesses and petioles
glandular. An intermediate section between the genus Papi-
flbra and Tacsonia.
111 P. REFLEXIFLORA (Cav. icon. 5. t. 425.) glabrous ; leaves
subpeltate, 3-lobed ; lobes obtuse, quite entire, recesses and
petioles bearing 6 glands ; calycine lobes reflexed ; crown very
short or almost wanting. 1? . w. S. Native of Panamaide, and
near Bodegas, in South America. Tacsonia reflexiflora, Juss.
ann. mus. 6. p. 393. Flowers scarlet.
Rejlexed-flowered Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
112 P. PICTURATA (Ker. bot. reg. t. 673.) glabrous ; leaves
subpeltate, reddish beneath, 3-lobed ; lobes quite entire, mu-
cronate by a bristle ; recesses and petioles bearing 4 glands ;
calycine lobes reflexed, twice the length of the filamentous
crown. Tj . w. S. Native of Brazil. P. pictur&ta, Lodd. bot.
cab. t. 1050. differs in the lobes of the leaves being glandless.
Flowers red ; outer crown beautifully variegated with blue and
white.
Painted-leaved Passion-flower. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1820. Sh. cl.
SECT. VIII. DYSOSMIA (from cW<«>£»)c> dysodes, fetid, and
oo-^jj, osme, a smell ; the species contained in this section have
a bad smell). D. C. in mem. soc. gen. 1. pt. 2. p. 436. prod. 3.
p. 331. Involucrum 3-leaved, under the flower; leaflets di-
vided into many setaceous lobes, which are tipped with glands.
Calyx 10-lobed, or the 5 inner ones are petals. Pedicels soli-
tary. Fruit subcapsular. — Perhaps this section will form a
proper genus.
113 P. HIBISCIFOI.IA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 39.) stem, petioles, and
leaves clothed with soft velvety down on both surfaces ; leaves
truncate at the base, 5-nerved, trifid ; lobes ovate-acuminated,
somewhat dentate. Jj . w. S. Native of the West India Islands.
P. foe'tida, var. a, Lin. amcen. 1. p. 228. t. 10. f. 17. Plum,
amer. t. 86. P. gossypif 61ia, Desv. in Ham. prod. p. 48. ? —
Giseck, icon. fasc. 1. t. 20. Flowers whitish. Plant fetid when
bruised.
Hibiscus-leaved Passion-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731.
Shrub cl.
114 P. TCE'TIDA (Cav. diss. 10. t. 289.) stems and petioles
hispid ; leaves villous on both surfaces, 5-nerved, cordate at
the base, 3-lobed ; lobes nearly entire, lateral ones very short,
middle one acuminated. $ . or T£. w. S. Native of the Carib-
bee Islands and South America. Sims, bot. mag. 2619. Ker.
bot. reg. 321. P. fce'tida, var. /3, Lin. amcen. P. variegata,
Mill. P. hirsuta, Lodd. bot. cab. 138. P. hircina, Sweet,
hort. brit. Flowers whitish ; crown variegated with purple and
blue. Plant fetid when bruised.
Fetid Passion-flower. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1731. PI. cl.
115 P. ACERIFOLIA (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnsea. 5. p. 89.)
the whole plant scabrous from hairs ; leaves deeply cordate,
pedately 5-7-nerved, cuneated within the recesses, 5 and some-
times 7-lobed ; paler and glandless beneath ; lobes acuminated,
subserrated ; teeth mucronate ; petioles biglandular at the
apex ; glands stipitate, recurved at the apex ; stipulas semi-
orbicular, sinuately toothed ; teeth subulate ; peduncles twin,
involucrated in the middle ; involucrum multifidlyjagged, hardly
glandular. Tj . w. S. Native of Mexico, in woods near Jalapa.
Flowers a little larger than those of P. fce'tida'.
Sycamore-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
116 P. CILIA^TA (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 310.) stem glabrous;
petioles rather pilose ; leaves glabrous, somewhat 5-nerved,
cordate at the base, trifid ; lobes acuminated, ciliated. If. . w. S.
Native of Jamaica. Curt. bot. mag. t. 288. Petals greenish on
the outside and red within. Rays of crown variegated with
white and purple. Stipe of ovarium deep purple, with darker
spots.
Ciliated-\eaveA Passion-flower. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1783. PL cl.
•j- Species not sufficiently known.
* Leaves entire.
117 P. APPENDICULA'TA (Meyer, esseq. p. 223.) leaves gla-
brous, glandular beneath, 3-nerved, rounded from the base,
oblong, mucronate ; petioles biglandular, puberulous ; pedicels
twin, shorter than the petioles ; involucrum wanting. Jj . w. S.
Native of Guiana, in shady sandy places. Perhaps belonging
to either section Cieca or Decaloba. Flowers yellow.
Appendiculaled Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
118 P. CYATHOPHORA (Desv. in Ham. prod. p. 48.) leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, undivided, undulated and narrowed in the middle,
mucronulate, 3-nerved, subcordate at the base, quite glabrous
above and nerved, glaucescent beneath ; petioles biglandular ;
glands large, lateral, hollow, cup-shaped, usually twin ; involu-
crum wanting. Tj . w. S. Native of Guiana. Perhaps belong-
ing to section Cieca or Decaloba.
Cuji-bearing Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
119 P. PYRIFORMIS (D. C. prod. 3. p. 331.) leaves glabrous,
ovate, acuminated, feather-nerved ; petioles biglandular ; pedi-
cels solitary ; fruit pear-shaped. Pj . w, S. Native of Brazil.
Pear-shaped-fruhed Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
120 P. LANCEOLA'TA (Desv. 1. c.) branches compressed, an-
gular, ciliated with down ; leaves lanceolate, acute, mucronulate,
rounded at the base, with the sides subauricled, pilose on both
surfaces, quite entire ; petioles biglandular ; pedicels twin, ca-
pillary ; fruit on a long pedicel. Tj . w. S. Native of the
Antilles. Flowers scarlet. The rest unknown.
Lanceolate-]ea\ed Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
121 P. TETRADE'NA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 331.) leaves ovate,
quite entire ? petioles bearing 4 glands ; bracteas toothed ; stem
tetragonal, membranous, fy . w. S. Native of Brazil. Vand.
fl. lus. et bras, in Roem. script. 148. Perhaps P. alala or P.
quadrangularis.
Four-glanded Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
122 P. THEOBROJLEFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 331.) stems erect ;
leaves cordate, ovate, acuminated, unequally serrated, rather
puberulous ; calyx double ; petals ? spatulate. f? . S. Native
country unknown. Flowered in the Botanic Garden at Schcen-
brun. P. guazumsef olia, Jacq. fragm. p. 13. but not of Juss.
This plant perhaps belongs to a different genus, not belonging
to this order.
PASSIFLORE^E. III. PASSIFLORA.
55
Cacao-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
123 P. COCHIN-CHINE'NSIS (Spreng. syst. app. p. 346.) leaves
opposite, glabrous, ovate, undivided, quite entire ; petioles bi-
glandular ; flowers axillary, twin, 5-cleft ; berry ovate. Pj . w. G.
Native of Cochin-china, among bushes. P. pallida, Lour. coch.
p. 527. This species differs from all the other Passifloras in
the opposite leaves ; it is perhaps therefore a species of Mal-
pighia. Flowers large, pale.
Cochin-china Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
124 P. SINGAPORIA'NA (Wall. cat. no. 1232.) leaves glabrous,
oblong ; the rest of the plant unknown. 1? . w. S. Native of
Singapore, in the East Indies. Like P. laurifolia.
Singapore Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
125 P. PENANGIA'NA (Wall. cat. no. 1233.) leaves ovate-ob-
long, entire, acuminated ; tendrils trifid. fj . ^. S. Native of
Penang. Flowers unknown.
Penaitg Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
* * Leaves 2-lobed.
126 P. LUNA'TA (Juss. herb, ex D.C. prod. 3. p. 331.) leaves
rather downy beneath, glandular, 3-nerved, ovate at the base,
lunately truncate at the apex ; nerves ending each in a bristle ;
petioles glandless ; pedicels twin ; bracteas linear. Jj . w. S.
Native of Peru. Perhaps belonging to the section Cieca or
Decdloba.
Mbo»-shaped-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
127 P. CONTRAYE'RVA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 23.) leaves
glabrous, deeply 2-lobed ; lobes oblong, obtuse, hardly diverg-
ing ; calyx multifid. Jj . w. S. Native of Mexico. — Hern,
mex. p. 301. lower figure. Allied to P. Mexicana and P. Die-
tamo, but differs from them in the flowers being multifid, not
5-cleft. The root is famous for its medicinal virtues, being
sweetish with some pungency and fragrance, and is considered a
powerful counterpoison, deobstruent, cordial, &c.
Contrayerva Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
128 P. CUNEA'TA (Willd. enum. p. 696.) leaves glabrous,
glandular beneath, cuneated at the base, somewhat 2-lobed at
the apex, with a mucrone between the lobes ; petioles glandless ;
pedicels twin ; calyx 1 0-cleft, the 5 inner divisions are called
petals. Tj . w. S. Native of Caraccas. Perhaps belonging to
section Decdloba or section Granadilla.
Cuneate-]ea.ved Passion-flower. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt.? Sh.cl.
129 P. BICORNIS (Mill. diet. no. 13.) leaves glabrous, stiff",
2-lobed; pedicels long, horizontal ; fruit oval. Ij . w. S. Na-
tive of South America, at Carthagena. Flowers small, white.
7W-/ior«ed-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
130 P. CLYPEA\A (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 20.) leaves pel-
tate, glandular beneath, 5-7-nerved, reticulately veined, 2-lobed,
furnished with a mucrone between the lobes ; petioles bearing 2 or
4 glands, fj . w. S. Native of New Granada. Flowers unknown.
/?«cA7er-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
* * * Leaves 3-lobed.
131 P. CEPHALEIMA (Bory, ann. gen. 2. p. 152. t. 22. f. 2.)
leaves glabrous, rather glandular beneath, somewhat 3-lobed,
emarginate at the base ; lobes divaricate, linear, obtuse, rounded ;
petioles very short, biglandular beneath the middle. ^ . w. S.
Native country unknown, and has never flowered in the gardens
of Europe.
Headed-fiowered Passion-flower. Clt. 1 826. Shrub cl.
132 P. MULTIFORMIS (Jacq. fragm. no. 169. t. 67. f. 1.) leaves
glabrous, wrinkled beneath, cordate at the base, simple, 2 or 3-
lobed, acuminated, very minutely serrated ; petioles biglandular.
Tj . w. S. Native of South America, at Caraccas. Willd.
enum. 697. Flowers unknown. The plant agrees with P. in-
carnata in the shape of the leaves.
Many-formed Passion-flower. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
133 P. HETEROPHY'LLA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 41.) leaves glabrous,
acute, lower ones lanceolate, nearly sessile : middle ones on short
petioles, 3-parted : upper ones pedate, in consequence of the
petiole being branched at the apex ; tendrils wanting ; pedicels
solitary, without an involucrum ; calyx 10-lobed, or the 5 inner
lobes, so called, are petals. Ij . w. S. Native of St. Do-
mingo. Plum. ed. Burm. t. 139. f. 1. Perhaps belonging to
section Decdloba or section dstrophea ? Flowers yellowish.
Variable-leaved Passion-flower. Clt. 1817. Shrub cl.
134 P. HERMA'NNI (D. C. prod. 3. p. 332.) leaves velvety,
3-lobed; involucrum small, of 3 entire leaflets; calyx 10-
parted. fj . w. S. Native of Curassoa. Flowers whitish.
Allied on one hand to P. hirsula and on the other to P. hibis-
cifblia.
Hermann's Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
135 P.? TUBIFLORA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
139.) leaves glabrous, coriaceous, rounded at the base, 3-lobed;
lobes oblong-lanceolate, equal, entire ; petioles biglandular in
the middle ; pedicels twin ; tube of calyx about equal in length
to the 5 lobes of the limb. Jj • w S. Native of Mexico, in
arid places near Acapulco and Etambo del Egido. Probably a
species of Tacsbnia. Flowers with a greenish calyx.
Tube-flowered Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
Cult. All the species of this elegant and curious genus, are
well suited for climbers in conservatories and stoves, being free
growers and of easy culture. They thrive well in very light
rich soil, and the more room they are allowed, both for roots
and stems, the freer they will grow and flower. They are all
easily raised from cuttings planted in sand or mould, placed in
heat ; and the younger the cuttings are, the sooner they will
strike root. Most of the species ripen fruit in our stoves, and
consequently many fine varieties have been raised by impreg-
nating the stigmas of one with the pollen of another. Several
hybrids, raised from seeds set by the pollen of P. ccerulea are
nearly hardy. Several of the species are marked greenhouse,
in which they will grow and flower freely. Passiflora ccerulea
is the only species that can be considered quite hardy, and it
requires a sheltered situation ; it is therefore safest to plant
against a wall, that it may be protected by a mat in severe
weather : it thrives well in any soil, and cuttings of it are
readily rooted, under a hand-glass.
Culture of the edible species of Granadilla. — All the species
will fruit even in large pots ; but it is best to plant them in an
angle of a stove, which has been parted off) either by boards or
brick-work, as low as the pit goes. At the bottom of the cavity
formed by this division, should be laid some brick rubbish, over
which may be thrown a little dead tan, and the whole be then filled
with equal parts of very old tan, and a compost of leaf-mould and
rotten dung ; therein the roots will strike freely, and will even
spread through the partition into the pit. They do not require the
full heat of a pine-stove, for they flourish best in a temperature of
from 65° to 70° ; but they will not bring their fruit to perfec-
tion if kept in a common greenhouse or conservatory, though
they will grow and flower in it. The shoots as they advance
may be trained near to and under the inclined glass of the stove ;
the first flowers will appear in May, and the blooming will con-
tinue until September, the fruit setting the whole time ; but if it
does not set well it will be adviseable to impregnate the stigmas,
by applying the pollen with a feather. As they grow, the very
strong shoots should be cut out from their origin; for these do
not bear fruit so abundantly as those which are less vigorous ;
but the fruiting-branches must not be shortened on any account.
The temperature must be kept up equally during the time of
flowering and fruiting ; the crop will begin to come in August,
and will continue until January, but the earlier produce is the
best. When the crop is all off, which will be early in January,
56
PASSIFLORE^l. IV. DISEMMA. V. MURUCUJA.
the heat must be reduced to about 50°, so as to check and stop
the growth. This being effected, the shoots must be well cut
in. As little old wood as possible, besides the main stem, which
rises from the pit to the glass, and a few pieces (about 2 or 3
feet of each) of the old branches should be retained ; for all
that is to be trained under the glass to bear in each year, ought
to be the growth of the same season. It is found that the shoots
break better and in greater quantity from the older wood than
from that of two years' standing. In this dormant and reduced
state it is to be kept during January and February, after which
the necessary heat may be applied to cause it to resume its
functions for the ensuing season.
IV. DISE'MMA (from £ie, dis, two, and ort/i/ua, stemma, a
crown ; in reference to the crown of the flower being double, or
in two). Lab. sert. caled. p. 78. D. C. prod. 3. p. 332.
LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Pcntandria. Tube of calyx short,
furrowed below. Crown of throat double ; outer one composed
of distinct filamentous threads; inner one tubular, with an entire
or toothed border. The rest as in Passiflora. All the species
are either natives of New Holland or New Caledonia.
* Petioles biglandular at the apex.
1 D. AURA'NTIA (Labill. caled. t. 79.) leaves glabrous, ovate
at the base, broadly 3-lobed ; lobes obtuse, middle lobe the
longest : lateral ones furnished with a kind of appendage each
on the outside ; bracteas bristle-formed, glandular at the apex,
rather remote from the flower ; petioles biglandular at the apex ;
threads of outer crown about equal in length to the inner lobes
of the calyx or petals. Tj . w. G. Native of New Caledonia.
Passiflora aurantia. Forst. prod. p. 326. Cav. diss. 10. p.
457. Murucuja aurantia, Pers. ench. 2. p. 222. Flowers orange-
coloured, with the tube of the inner crown green, longer than the
simple upright rays that surround it.
Orange-flowered Disemma. Shrub cl.
2 D. HERBERTIA'NA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 332.) leaves pubes-
cent, cordate at the base, broadly 3-lobed ; lobes ovate, acutish ;
petioles biglandular at the apex; pedicels twin, 1 -flowered ;
bracteas bristle-formed, very remote from the flower ; threads
of outer crown 3 or 4-times shorter than the inner calycine lobes
or petals. Tj . w. G. Native of New Holland, in the interior.
Passiflora Herbertiana, Ker. bot. reg. 737. Murucuja Her~
bertiana, Sweet. Flowers white and greenish, with the crown
yellow.
Vur. ft, Caleydna (D. C. prod. 3. p. 333.) leaves semiorbi-
cular at the base, hardly subcordate ; bracteoles situated in the
middle of the pedicel. Jj . w. G. Native of New Holland.
Passiflora biglandulosa, Caley. in herb. Lamb. Perhaps a pro-
per species.
Herbert's Disemma. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1821. Shrub cl.
3 D. BAUE'RI ; leaves 3-lobed, sparingly glandular beneath ;
lobes oblong, retuse, middle one more prolonged ; bracteas and
stipulas setaceous ; rays filiform, longer than the corolla, which
is plicate ; disk 5-lobed. T; . w. G. Native of Norfolk Island.
Fruit oval, blood-coloured. Flowers at first pale yellow, but at
length orange-coloured, with the segments keeled and rather
undulated, green on the outside. Murucuja Baueri, Lindl.
coll. t. 36.
Bauer's Disemma. Shrub cl.
4 D. COCCINEA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 333.) leaves glabrous, glan-
dular beneath, cuneated at the base, 3-nerved, bluntly 3-lobed ;
petioles biglandular at the apex, longer than the pedicels ; brac-
teas subulate, scattered, remote from the flower. Tj . v_/. S.
Native of New Holland. Passiflora coccinea, Banks, but not of
Aubl. Flowers scarlet. Crown short, double. Fruit globose.
Scarlel-fiovtered Disemma. Shrub cl.
* * Petioles glandless.
5 D. ADIANTIFOLIA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, glandular
beneath, truncate at the base, 3-5 -lobed ; lobes obtuse, some-
what 3-lobed ; petioles glandless, a little longer than the pedicels ;
bracteas subulate, scattered. Tj . w. G. Native of Norfolk
Island. Passiflora adiantifolia, Ker. bot. reg. 233. Passi-
flora aurantia, Andr. bot. rep. t. 295. but not of Forst. Passi-
flora glabra, Wendl. coll. 1. t. 17. Passiflora Adiantum, Willd.
enum. 698. Murucuja adiantifolia, Sweet. Flowers yellow at
first, fading to an orange-colour, with the inner crown green,
longer than the purple rays that surround it.
Adiantum-leaved Disemma. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1792. Sh. cl.
Cult. See Passiflora, p. 55. for culture and propagation.
Splendid and curious climbing shrubs.
V. MURUCU'JA (a name given to many species of Passion-
flower, especially those with edible fruit, by the natives of Brazil).
Tourn. inst. t. 215. Juss. gen. p. 398. D. C. prod. 3. p. 333.
LIN. SVST. Monadelphia, Pentandria. Tube of calyx fur-
rowed below. Crown of throat simple, erect, tubularly-conical,
truncate (f. 5. b. f. 6. c.) ; threads of crown not free, but joined
together into a tube. — Habit of Passiflora. Petioles glandless.
— Species all natives of the West Indies. •
SECT. I.' PENTA'RIA (from Trtrre, pente, five ; calyx 5
D. C. prod. 3. p. 333. Calyx 5-lobed (f. 5. a.}.
-lobed).
1 M. OKBICULA'TA (Pers. ench.
2. p. 222.) leaves glabrous, glan-
dular beneath, 3-nerved, orbicu-
lar, somewhat 3-lobed ; petioles ^
glandless, twisted ; tendrils few ; /
bracteoles narrow, very acute. ^=U?C'~
Tj. w. S. Native of St. Do- ,,«^
mingo. Passiflora orbiculata,
Cav. diss. 10. t. 286. Flowers
FIG.
crimson.
Orbicular-leaved
Shrub cl.
Murucuja.
SECT. II. DECAVRIA (from
Ka, deka, ten ; in reference to
the calyx being 10-lobed). D.C.
prod. 3. p. 333. Calyx 10-lobed
(f. 6. a.} ; the 5 inner lobes probably petals.
2 M. OCELLA'TA (Pers. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, glandular be-
neath, emarginate at the base, truncately 2-Iobed at the apex ;
FIG. 6.
lobes obtuse, divaricate ; petioles
glandless, shorter than the pedi-
cels ; bracteas narrow, very acute,
f? . w. S. Native of the Antilles,
in woods. Passiflora Murucuja,
Lin. amcen. 1. t. 10. f. 10. Cav.
diss. 10. t. 287. Ker. bot. reg.
t. 574. — Plum. amer. t. 87.
Flowers deep red. Berry size of
a pigeon's egg, flesh-coloured
when ripe. Both the syrup and
decoction of the plant is much
used in the leeward parts of Ja-
maica, where it is frequent ; and
it is said to answer effectually all
the purposes for which syrup of
poppies and liquid laudanum are
generally administered. The flowers are most in use ; they are
commonly infused in, or powdered and mixed immediately with
PASSIFLORE^E. V. MUEUCUJA. VI. TACSONIA.
57
wine or spirits ; and the composition is generally thought a
very effectual and easy narcotic. Browne names it bull-hoof or
Dutchman's laudanum, which are probably the vulgar names of
the plant in Jamaica.
Var. j3 ; leaves rounded at the base, somewhat 3-lobed.
Cav. 1. c.
Small-eyed Murucuja. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1730. Sh. cl.
Cult. Climbing shrubs, with the habit of Passiflora, bearing
beautiful flowers. Their culture and propagation are the same
as that recommended for that genus, see p. 56.
VI. TACSO'NIA (Tacso, the name of one of the species in
Peru). Juss. gen. p. 398. ann. mus. 6. p. 388. D. C. prod. 3.
p. 333.
LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Pentandria. Tube of calyx long
(f. 7. e.\ with a 10-cleft limb (f. 7. a.). ; the 5 inner lobes pro-
bably petals ; throat furnished with a scaly membrane. Habit of
Passiflora.
SECT. I. EuTACsbuiA (eu, well or good, and Tacsonia ; this
section contains the genuine species of the genus). D. C. prod. 3.
p. 333. Involucrum large, 3-leaved (f. 6./.); bracteas sometimes
free, sometimes joined together.
* Leaves undivided.
1 T. ADULTERINA (Juss. ann. FIG. 6.
mus. 6. p. 393.) leaves woolly
beneath, glabrous above, ovate,
almost entire, with revolute edges ;
petioles glandless ; stipulas tooth-
ed, linear-lanceolate. Pj . ,_,. S.
Native of New Granada. Passi-
flora adulterina, Lin. fil. suppl.
p. 408. Smith, pi. ined. t. 24.
Flowers purple. Berry ovate,
spotted.
Adulterated Tacsonia. Sh. cl.
2 T. LANA'TA (Juss. ann. mus.
6. t. 59. f. 1.) leaves woolly be-
neath, glabrous above, ovate-cor-
date, entire, with somewhat revo-
lute edges ; petioles glandless ;
stipulas narrow, hidden among the tomentum of the stem,
fj . lw>. S. Native of the Andes, about Quindiu. H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 141. Flowers white ?
Woolly Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
* * Leaves 3-lobed.
3 T. TRIFOLIATA (Juss. 1. c. p. 393.) whole plant white from
silky tomentum ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, quite
entire ; petioles glandless ; stipulas half stem-clasping, ciliated
with glands. J? . ^,. S. Native of Peru, in the valley of Canta.
Trifoliate Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
4 T. SANGUINEA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 334.) leaves tomentose
beneath, reticulately veined, smooth above, deeply 3-lobed ;
lobes acute, serrated ; petioles glandless ; bracteas glandularly-
toothed. Jj . w. S. Native of the West Indies. Passiflbra
sanguinea, Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 45. Flowers deep red.
Blood-coloured-fiowered Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
5 T. piNNATisTiruLA (Juss. 1. c.) leaves white from velvety
down beneath, trifid beyond the middle ; lobes serrated ; stipulas
pinnate; petioles with 4-8 glands. Tj . w. S. Native of Chili.
Sweet, fl. gard. new. ser. 2. t. 156. Passiflora pinnatistipula, Cav.
icon. 5. t. 428. Flowers rose-coloured or purplish ; crown deep
blue.
Var. ft, pennipes (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 48. under Passi-
flbra) stipulas palmately parted into subulate lobes, one of which
is pinnate at the apex.
VOL. III.
Pinnate- stipulcd Tacsonia. Clt. 1828. Shrub cl.
6 T. MICRADE'NA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 334.) clothed with vel-
vety tomentum ; leaves trifid, somewhat cordate, 3-5-nerved ;
lobes ovate-lanceolate, serrated ; petioles bearing small glands,
which are hidden among the tomentum ; stipulas palmately parted
into capillary lobes. fj . ^,. S. Native of Peru.
Small- glanded Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
7 T. TOMENTOSA (Juss. 1. c. p. 394.) leaves tomentose, trifid
beyond the middle, 3-nerved ; lobes ovate, serrated ; petioles
bearing 6 pedicellate glands ; stipulas falcate, serrulated on the
outside, f; . w. S. Native of Peru. P. tomentosa, Cav. diss.
10. t. 275, 276. Flowers rose-coloured.
Tomentose Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
8 T. MANICA'TA (Juss. 1. c. t. 59. f. 2.) leaves somewhat to-
mentose beneath, trifid beyond the middle ; lobes oval-oblong,
serrated ; petioles bearing 3-4 glands at the apex ; stipulas
roundish, spreading, crestedly toothed on the outside. Jj . w. S.
Native of Peru, about Loxa. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.
2. p. 139.
Var. ft ; lobes blunter and more tomentose beneath. Native
of Villa de Ybarra.
Var. y ? petioles bearing many glands. On Mount Quindiu.
Var. S; bracteas joined together at the base. On Mount
Saraguru.
Manicaled-stipviled Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
SECT. II. BRACTEOGA'MA (from fipaKos, brakys, a cover, and
yufjLug, garnos, marriage ; in reference to the bracteas of the invo-
lucrum being joined together). D. C. prod. 3. p. 334. Bracteas
of involucrum 3, joined together into a tube.
9 T. TRIGONA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 334.) leaves clothed with
hoary hairs beneath, pubescent above, deeply 3-lobed ; lobes
oblong, diverging, serrulated ; petioles bearing 2-4 glands ; sti-
pulas manicated, denticulated, awned at the apex. Tj . w. S.
Native of Peru. Passiflora trigona, Ruiz et Pav. ined. (v. s. in
herb. Lamb.)
Trigonal Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
10 T. PEDUNCULA'RIS (Juss. 1. c. p. 395.) leaves downy on
the nerves beneath, cordate at the base, 3-nerved, trifid ; lobes
ovate, obtuse, serrated ; petioles bearing 4 glands ; stipulas
ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated. I? . w. S. Native of
Peru. Passiflora peduncularis, Cav. icon. 5. t. 426. Murucuja
peduncularis, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 43. Flowers purple or rose-
coloured.
Var. ft, Dombeyana (D. C. prod. 334.) lobes of leaves acute ;
bracteas entire.
Peduncular Tacsonia. Clt. ? Shrub cl.
1 1 T. MOLLISSIMA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 144.)
leaves clothed with canescent tomentum beneath, and pubescence
above, cordate at the base, 5-nerved, 3-lobed ; lobes ovate,
acute, sharply toothed ; petioles bearing 12 glands ; stipulas
semi-ovate, acuminated, denticulated. fj . w. S. Native of
Santa Fe de Bogota. Murucuja mollissima, Spreng. syst. 3. p.
43. Flowers rose-coloured.
Very soft Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
12 T. TRIPARTITA (Juss. 1. c. t. 60.) leaves rather tomentose
beneath, smooth above, 3-parted ; lobes lanceolate, serrated;
petioles bearing 6-8 glands ; stipulas manicated, crestedly
toothed. T? . w. S. Native of South America, in woods about
Quito. H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. 2. p. 142. Flowers rose-coloured.
Tripartite-leaved Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
13 T. MIXTA (Juss. 1. c. 394.) leaves glabrous, 3-lobed;
lobes oblong, serrated ; petioles bearing 6 glands ; stipulas ob-
long, acuminated, serrated on the outside. I? . w. S. Native
of New Granada. Passiflora mixta, Lin. fil. suppl. 408. Smith,
icon. ined. t. 25.
58
PASSIFLORE^E. VI. TACSONIA. VII. PASCHANTHUS. VIII. MODECCA.
Var. j3, longiflora (D. C. prod. 3. p. 835.) leaves pubescent
beneath ; lateral lobes sometimes 2-lobed. Tj . v_). S. Native
of Peru. T. longiflora and T. Tasco, Pers. ench. 2. p. 223.
Flowers rose-coloured or purplish.
Mixed Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
14 T. SPECIOSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 143.)
leaves glabrous, cordate at the base, reticulately 5-nerved, deeply
3-lobed ; lobes ovate-oblong, sharply serrated ; petioles bear-
ing 6-8 pedicellate glands ; stipulas suborbicular, awned, denti-
culated. Tj . ,_,. S. Native of Santa Fe de Bogota. Murucuja
speciosa, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 43. Flowers rose-coloured.
Showy Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
15 T. GLABE'RRIMA (Juss. ann. rnus. 6. p. 394.) leaves gla-
brous, coriaceous, 3-lobed ; lobes oval-lanceolate, stiffly ser-
rated ; petioles biglandular at the apex ; stipulas glove-formed,
dentately crested. Jj . w. S. Native of Peru, on the Andes
in shady places. Flowers purple.
Quite-glabrous Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
16 T. ANASTOMOSANS (Lamb. herb, ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 335.)
leaves glabrous, coriaceous, cuneated at the base, 3-nerved, trifid ;
lobes ovate-lanceolate, callously serrated ; petioles bearing 4
glands ; stipulas ovate, awned, callously serrated. Tj . w. S.
Native of Peru.
Anastomosing-veined Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
17 T. PARVIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 8. p. 335.) leaves glabrous,
glaucous beneath, 3-5-nerved, trifid ; lobes ovate-lanceolate,
acutely serrated ; petioles bearing 4 glands ; stipulas semi-cor-
date, acuminated, nearly entire. J? . ^,. S. Native of Peru.
Ruiz et Pav. (v. s. in herb. Lamb.)
Small-leaved Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
SECT. III. DISTEPHA'NA (from Sif, dis, double, and
Stephanos, a crown ; in reference to the double crown in the
throat). Juss. 1. c. D. C. prod. 3. p. 335. — Distephia, Salisb.
in litt. Involucrum small, 3-leaved ; leaflets free, biglandular
in the axils. Throat of calyx bearing a membranous tube, and
a series of ligulae.
18 T. GLANDULOSA (Juss. 1. c. p. 391.) leaves glabrous, co-
riaceous, ovate, acuminated, quite entire, feather-nerved; petioles
biglandular at the base, about equal in length to the pedicels ;
bracteas subulate, near the flower. Jj . w. S. Native of
Cayenne. Passiflora glandulosa, Cav. diss. 10. t. 281.
Var, /3, canaliculiita (D. C. 1. c.) petioles thicker, and chan-
nelled at the base.
Glandular Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
19 T. ROHRIA'NA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 335.) leaves glabrous,
coriaceous, ovate-oblong, acuminated, quite entire, feather-
nerved ; petioles biglandular at the base, one-half shorter than
the pedicels ; bracteas subulate, remote from the flower. >j . w'.
S. Native of Cayenne.
Rohr's Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
20 T. STOUPYA'NA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, coriaceous,
ovate, acuminated, quite entire, feather-nerved ; petioles biglan-
dular at the base ; bracteas oval, obtuse, foliaceous. Tj . v_/. S.
Native of Cayenne. Cav. diss. 10. t. 281. lit. x.
Stoupy's Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
21 T. CITRIFOLIA (Juss. 1. c. p. 392. in a note,) leaves oval,
coriaceous, quite entire, feather-nerved ; petioles biglandular at
the apex. ^ . w. S. Native of Cayenne, (v. s. herb. Juss.)
Citron-leaved Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
t Species belonging to section Distephdna, but doubtful.
22 T. QUADRIGLANDULOSA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, obtuse
at the base, unequally serrated : superior ones oblong ; inferior
ones 3-lobed : recesses of the lobes of the leaves, petioles, and
bracteas bearing 4 glands each, fj . w. S. Native of Guiana,
in woods, in the Island of Arowabisch. Passiflora quadriglan-
dulosa, Meyer, esseq. p. 226.
Four-glanded Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
23 T. QUADRIDENTA'TA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, ovate-
lanceolate, feather-nerved, with a few coarse acute teeth ; pe-
tioles biglandular at the base ; bracteas oblong, biglandular. >j •
w. S. Native of the West Indies.
Four-toothed-leaved Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
24 T. PUBE'SCENS (D. C. 1. c.) leaves pubescent, ovate, lan-
ceolate ; petioles biglandular at the base ; bracteas ovate-lan-
ceolate, acuminated, glandularly serrated, and glandular on the
back. Jj . w. S. Native of the East Indies.
Downy Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
SECT. IV. PSILA'NTHUS (from \jjt\os, psilos, naked, and avdoe,
anthos, a flower ; in reference to the flowers being naked, or
without the involucrum). D. C. prod. 3. p. 335. Involucrum
none under the flower.
25 T. TRINE'RVIA (Juss. 1. c. t. 58.) leaves tomentose beneath,
oval, 3-nerved ; nerves protruding so much as to form teeth ;
petioles glandless ; calyx 10-lobed. Tj . w. S. Native of South
America, in shady places at the river Cassiquiare. H. B. et
Kunth, 1. c. p. 142. Flowers rose-coloured?
Three-nerved-\ea.ved Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
26 T. ? VIRIDIFLORA (Juss. ann. mus. 6. p. 389.) leaves pel-
tate, 3-lobed ; calyx 5-lobed. b • w S. Native of Mexico,
in the vicinity of Acapulco. Passiflora viridiflora, Cav. icon. 5.
t. 424. Intermediate between Tacsonia, Passiflora, and Muru-
cuja. Flowers green.
Green-flowered Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
Cult. The species have the habit of Passiflora, and some of
them are equally showy. Their culture and propagation are the
same, see p. 56.
VII. PASCHA'NTHUS (from ™<rxc», pascho, to be in a pas-
sion, and av5oe, anthos, a flower ; the same meaning as Passi-
flora). Burch. trav. 1. p. 543. D. C. prod. 3. p. 336.
LIN. SYST. Polygamia, Monoecia. Flowers polygamous.
Calyx permanent, tubular, 10-cleft; 5 outer lobes ovate : 5 inner
ones oblong-linear, petaloid, or rather truly petals. Stamens 5,
free. Anthers linear, inserted by the base. Ovarium stipitate.
Stigmas 3, very short. Capsule subbaccate, 3-valved, 6-seeded.
Seeds ornamented with red fleshy aril. — Habit of Passiflora.
1 P. REPA'NDUS (Burch. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, glaucous, ob-
long-linear, repand, 1 -nerved, bearing 3 glands beneath ; petioles
very short, glandless ; peduncles bearing a tendril, and two 1-
flowered pedicels. J? . w. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope.
Rejxtnd-leaved Paschanthus. Shrub cl.
Cult. This very singular plant, being a native of the Cape of
Good Hope, will thrive in a green-house, and will form an excel-
lent climber for the rafters. Its culture and propagation are the
same as that recommended for Passiflora, see p. 56.
VIII. MODE'CC A (East Indian name of one of the species).
Rheed. mal. 8. t. 20-23. Lam. diet. 4. p. 208. Blum, bijdr. p.
938. D. C. prod. 3. p. 336.
LIN. SYST. Dioecia, Monadelphia. Flowers dioecious. Calyx
permanent, campanulate, 1 0-cleft (f. 8. 6.) : 5 outer lobes oval
acute : 5 inner lobes petaloid or probably petals (f. 8. 6.). Scales
5-10 (f. 8. c.), rarely wanting, rising from the calyx. Stamens
5, inserted in the torus ? monadelphous : anthers standing.
Ovarium (f. 8. d.) on a short stipe. Stigmas 3, petaloid (f. 8. e.),
Capsule bladdery, 1 -celled, 3-valved, one or many-seeded. Seeds
furrowed by rows of tubercles (f. 8./.), arillate, fixed to 3 pa-
rietal placentas, which are adnate to the middle of the valves. —
Habit of plants between Passiflora and Brybnia.
PASSIFLOREjE. VIII. MODECCA. IX. DEIDAMIA. X.
1 M. PALMA'TA (Lam. diet. 4. p. 209.) leaves glabrous,
variously palmately lobed, glandular beneath ; stipulas spines-
cent ; pedicels bractless. *? • <^- S. Native of Malabar.
Flowers yellowish. Probably many species are confused under
this name.
Var. a, Nardla (D.C. prod. 3. p. 336.) lobes of calyx acumi-
nated ; petaloid lobes or petals wanting ; fruit globose. — Rheed.
mal. 8. t. 20.
Var. ft, palmodecca (D. C. 1. c.) lobes of calyx acutish ; pe-
taloid lobes or petals feathered palmately ; fruit globose, tj . w.
S. Rheed. 1. c. t. 21.
Var. y, Motta (D. C. 1. c.) lobes of calyx very much acumi-
nated ; petaloid lobes or petals wanting ; fruit ovate. — Rheed.
1. c. t. 22.
Palmate-leaved Modecca. Shrub cl.
2 M. LOBA'TA (Jacq. fragm. t. FIG 8
131.) leaves glabrous, cordate at
the base, 3-5-7-lobed, glandless ;
petioles biglandular at the apex ;
pedicels bractless. Jj . w. S.
Native of Sierra Leone. Ker,
bot. reg. t. 131. Flowers yel-
lowish, (f. 8.)
Zoierf-leaved Modecca. Fl.
Aug. Clt. 1812. Shrub cl.
3 M. INTEGRIFOLIA (Lam.
diet. 4. p. 209.) leaves glabrous,
ovate-lanceolate, usually entire,
much acuminated; pedicels bract-
less, very short, few-flowered ;
fruit globose. Jj . w. S. Native
of Malabar. — Rheed. mal. 8. t.
23.
Entire-leaved Modecca. Shrub cl.
4 M. WIGHTIA'NA (Wall. cat. no. 6764. ) smooth ; leaves cor-
date, triangularly ovate, entire ; tendrils simple ; capsule blad-
dery ; seeds scrobiculate. Tj . w. S. Native of the East Indies,
on the Gingee Hills. Like M. integrifolia, Lam.
Wight's Modecca. Shrub cl.
5 M. ALIE'NA (Wall. cat. no. 6766.) leaves deeply cordate at
the base, oblong, acuminated ; lobes at the base rounded ; pedi-
cels umbellate on the top of shortish peduncles ; tendrils simple.
Tj . w. S. Native of Silhet.
Alien Modecca. Shrub cl.
6 M. ACUMINA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 940.) leaves ovate-oblong,
acuminated, somewhat cordate at the base, and biauriculate ;
flowers racemose, rising from elongated axillary tendrils ; fruit
ovate, acuminated, f? . ^. S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak.
Allied to M. integrifolia according to Blume.
Acuminated-fruhed Modecca. Shrub cl.
7 M. HETEROPHY'LLA (Blum, bijdr. p. 940.) leaves undivided
or 3-lobed, acuminated, somewhat cordate at the base, and some-
what biauriculate ; fruit oblong, acuminated at both ends. ^ •
w. S. Native of Java, on Mount Cede.
Variable-leaved Modecca. Shrub cl.
8 M. DivERsirbLiA (Wall. cat. no. 6763.) smooth; lower leaves
triangularly ovate ; upper ones 3-lobed, peltate at the base :
lateral lobes sometimes bifid; pedicels 1 -flowered, bractless;
tendrils simple. J? . w. S. Native of the East Indies. Fruit
bladdery, 3-valved. Root tuberous. Momordica heterophy'lla,
Wight, mss.
Diverse-leaved Modecca. Shrub cl.
9 M. CORDIFOLIA (Blum, bijdr. p. 939.) leaves membranous,
on short petioles, cordate, mucronulate, biauriculate at the base ;
flowers corymbose, dichotomous, rising from elongated axillary
tendrils. Tj . w. S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak.
VARECA. 59
Heart-leaved Modecca. Shrub cl.
10 M. OJBTU'SA (Blum, bijdr. p. 939.) leaves coriaceous, ob-
long-cordate, obtuse, biauriculate at the base ; flowers corym-
bose, dichotomous, rising from short axillary tendrils. T? . ^. S.
Native of Java, on Mount Salak.
Obtuse-leaved Modecca. Shrub cl.
11 M. PARVIFLORA ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire, acumi-
nated, glabrous ; tendrils simple ; peduncles axillary, dichoto-
mous. f? . w. S. Native of Sierra Leone. Flowers small,
yellow.
Small-jloreered Modecca. Shrub cl.
12 M. MACROPHY'LLA (Blum, bijdr. p. 939.) leaves coria-
ceous, oval, bluntish at both ends, somewhat auriculated at the
base ; flowers corymbose, dichotomous, rising from axillary ten-
drils. Tj . w. S. Native of Java, on Mounts Salak, Parang, &c.
Long-leaved. Modecca. Shrub cl.
13 M. AUSTRA'LIS (R. Br. ined. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 337.)
leaves glabrous, somewhat peltate at the base, cordate, running
down the petiole in an auriculated manner at the base, acute,
entire, glandless. Tj . w. S. Native of New Holland, in the
gulph of Carpentaria.
Southern Modecca. Shrub cl.
14 M. ? BRACTEA'TA (Lam. diet. p. 210.) leaves scabrous
from tubercles on both surfaces, palmately lobed, emarginate at
the base ; pedicels bracteate, racemose ; calyxes somewhat ser-
rated. Tj . w. S. Native of the East Indies.
Bracteated Modecca. Shrub cl.
Cult. See Passiflora, p. 56. for culture and propagation. The
flowers of the species are by no means showy.
IX. DEIDA^MIA (a mythological name, daughter of Lyco-
medes, king of Scyros). Pet. Th. gen. pi. afr. 2. p. 61. t. 20.
D. C. prod. 3. p. 337.
LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Penta-Octdndria. Calyx 5-8-part-
ed ; lobes petaloid ; crown a simple series of filamentose appen-
dages, rising from the interior part of the calyx. Stamens equal
in number to the lobes of the calyx ; filaments joined at the
base into a column. Ovarium ovate. Styles 3-4. Capsule
pedicellate, 3-4-valved. Seeds arillate. — Climbing Madagascar
shrubs, with axillary tendrils, impari-pinnate leaves, and glan-
dular petioles.
1 D. NORONHIA'NA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 337.) leaflets obovate,
somewhat cuneated at the base, emarginate at the apex ; pedun-
cles 2-3-flowered ; flowers pentandrous. b . ,_,. S. Native of
Madagascar. D. alata, Pet. Th. 1. c. t. 20. Flowers brownish.
Noronli's Deidamia. Shrub cl.
2 D. COMMERSONIA'NA (D. C. 1. c.) leaflets elliptic, mucro-
nate at the apex ; peduncles 5-7- flowered ; flowers pentandrous.
lj . w. S. Native of Madagascar.
Commerson's Deidamia. Shrub cl.
3 D. THOMPSOKIA'NA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 337.) leaves elliptic,
hardly mucronate, rather coriaceous ; peduncles 5-7-flowered ;
flowers octandrous. ^ . w. S. Native of Madagascar. Passi-
flora octandra, Thompson in herb. Lamb.
Thompson's Deidamia. Shrub cl.
Cult. See Passiflora, p. 56. for culture and propagation.
(altered from Walnareka, the name of the
Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 219. t. 6. f. 6. D. C.
X. VARE'CA
fruit in Ceylon).
prod. 3. p. 337.
LIN. SYST. unknown. Flowers unknown. Berry 1 -celled;
pulp divided into numerous partial cells for the reception of the
seeds. Placentas 3, parietal, many-seeded.
1 V. ZEYLA'NICA (Gsertn. 1. c.) Native of Ceylon. Nothing
but the fruit of this plant is known.
Ceylon Vareca. Shrub cl. ?
i2
60
MALESHERBIACE^E. I. MALESIIEUBIA. LOASEjE.
Cult. See Passiflora, p. 56. for culture and propagation.
ORDER CVI. MALESHERBIA'CE^E (this order only eon-
tains the genus Malesherbia). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ.
1827. p. 321.— Passiflorea:, Tribe III.— Malesherbieae, D. C.
prod. 3. p. 337.
Calyx tubular (f. 9. h.), membranous, inflated, 5-lobed (f. 9.
a.) ; lobes imbricated in aestivation. Petals 5 (f. 9. 6.), alter-
nating with the segments of the calyx, permanent, convolute in
aestivation, arising on the outside of the short membranous crown
(f. 9. e.~). Stamens 5-10, perigynous ; filaments filiform, dis-
tinct, or connected with the stipe of the ovarium ; anthers versa-
tile. Ovarium superior (f. 9. g.), stipitate, 1-celled, with the
placentas at the base, from which the ovules arise by the inter-
vention of umbilical cords. Styles 3, filiform, very long, arising
from distinct points at the apex of the ovarium (f.9. rf.) ; stigmas
clavate. Fruit capsular, 1-celled, 3-valved, membranous more or
less, many-seeded. Seeds attached by umbilical cords to pla-
centas, arising either from the axis of the valves, or from their
base ; testa crustaceous, brittle, with a fleshy crest, and no
arillus. Embryo terete in the centre of fleshy albumen, with
the radicle next the hylum. — Herbaceous or half shrubby plants,
clothed with glandular pubescence. Leaves alternate, simple
lobed, without stipulas. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary,
yellow or blue.
This order agrees with Passiflbrece on the one hand, and Tur-
neraceae on the other. From the former they differ in the inser-
tion of their styles, in their versatile anthers, in their short pla-
centas, membranous fruit, terete embryo, want of arillus, and
stipulas ; and altogether in their habit. From Turner acece, to
which their habit nearly allies them, they differ in the presence
of a perigynous membrane, in the remarkable insertion of the
styles, and in the want of all trace of an arillus ; agreeing with
that order in the aestivation of the corolla, and in the principal
other points of their structure. The plants are unknown except
as objects of great beauty.
I. MALESHE'RBIA (in memory of Christian William de
Lamoignon Malesherbes, born at Paris in 1721, a great patron
of the sciences). Ruiz, et Pav. prod. p. 45. D. Don, 1. c. D. C.
prod. 1. c. — Gynopleura, Cav. icon. 4. p. 51.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Character the same as
that of the order.
1 M. THYRSIFLORA (Ruiz et Pav. prod. p. 457. et Hook. bot.
misc. vol. 2. p. 220.) leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, sinuately
toothed, tomentose ; tube of calyx long, with a contracted throat ;
crown 10-cleft, with the segments 2-4-toothed. T? . G. Native
of Peru, in exposed argillaceous soil. Gynopleura tubulosa,
Cav. icon. 4. t. 375. Flowers yellow.
Thyrse-Jlorvered Malesherbia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
2 M. PAHICULA'TA (D. Don in edinb. phil. journ. 1827. p.
321.) leaves oblong, obtuse, ciliated, pinnatifid : upper ones
nearly entire ; throat of calyx dilated ; crown simple, acutely
toothed. T? . G. Native of the north of Chili. Flowers yellow ?
/"amcfed-flowered Malesherbia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
3 M. LINEARIFOLIA (D. Don in edinb. phil. journ. Jan. 1832.)
villous ; leaves linear, entire ; throat of calyx dilated ; crown
10-c!eft, with toothed segments. I? . ? G. Native of Chili,
especially in the tract of Portilla, near Mendoza. Gynopleura
linearifolia, Cav. icon. 4. p. 52. t. 376. Flowers white.
FIG. 9.
Linear-leaved Malesherbia. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
4 M. HU'MILIS (D. Don, 1. c.) plant very villous ; leaves jag-
ged; throat of calyx dilated; crown simple, erosely toothed ;
anthers roundish. Tj . G. Native of Chili about Coquimbo.
Stems procumbent. Flowers white.
Dmarf Malesherbia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1832. PI. procumbent.
5 M. CORONA'TA (D. Don, I.e.)
plant clothed with glandular pu-
bescence ; leaves linear, sinuately
toothed ; throat of calyx dilat-
ed ; crown simple, toothed. Tj .
G. Native of Chili, at Valpa-
raiso. Flowers blue ; crown
white. Sweet, fl. gard. new. ser.
t. 167. (f. 9.)
Crowned Malesherbia. Fl.Aug.
Oct. Clt. 1832. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
6 M. FASCICULA'TA (D. Don,
1. c.) leaves lanceolate, acumi-
nated, quite entire ; flowers in
fascicles; crown 10-cleft, with
the segments tridentate. Tj • G.
Native of Chili. A stiff erect
shrub. Flowers small, in bundles
at the tops of the branches.
Fascicled-Rowered Malesherbia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
7 M. TENUIFOLIA (D. Don in edinb. phil. journ. Oct. 1832.)
leaves nearly pinnate ; segments linear ; calyx tubular ; crown
deeply lobed. O- G. Native of the south of Peru, in the
province of Tarapaca at Huataconda, where it is commonly
called Agi de Zorra, i. e. Fox capsicum. Flowers reddish, ac-
cording to the dried specimen.
Fine-leaved Malesherbia. Fl. Feb. PL \ foot.
Cult. This genus is composed of curious plants, bearing very
showy singular flowers, and are therefore worthy of culture as
ornaments. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand, or any light rich
earth is a good soil for them. The shrubby species may
either be increased by seeds ; or young cuttings will root if
planted in light soil, under a hand-glass. The seeds of annual
kinds require to be sown in a hot-bed, in order to forward the
plants ; and after they have grown an inch in height, they may
be potted off into small pots, and afterwards shifted into pots of
increasing size, as they grow. Some of them may be planted
out into the open border, in a sheltered situation, where they
will probably flower and seed freely.
ORDER CVII. LOA'SEJi (plants agreeing with Loasa, in
important characters). Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 18. diet. sc. nat.
27. p. 93. D. C. prod. 3. p. 339.— Loaseae-verae, H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 115.
Tube of calyx adhering to the ovarium, or girding it closely
(f. 10. a. f. 12. a.) ; limb 5-parted (f. 11. a. f. 12. a.), rarely
4-parted, permanent. Petals equal in number to the lobes of
the calyx (f. 12. b. f. 11. 6.), with an inflexed valvate aesti-
vation, or double that number (f. 10. &.), and disposed in
2 series ; those of inner series, when present, usually much
smaller (f. 10. 6.) than those of the outer, scale-formed and
truncate at the apex, inserted in the throat of the calyx.
Stamens indefinite, arising from within the petals, disposed in
several series, either distinct (f. 10. c.), or joined at the base in
several parcels before each petal, within the cavity of which
they lie in aestivation ; filaments subulate (f. 10. g.), unequal,
the outer ones frequently destitute of anthers. Ovarium adnate
LOASEjE. I. BARTOXIA.
61
to the calyx (f. 1 0. a. f. 11. e.\ or inclosed within it, 1-celled, with
several parietal placentas (f. 11.), or with 1 free central lobed
one. Style 1, composed of 3-5-7-joined ones, crowned by as
many lobes or stigmas. Capsule dry or succulent, crowned by the
calyx (f. 10. d. f. 11. g. f. 12. c.), 1-celled, with several parietal
placentas (f. 11.), originating at the sutures, and therefore may
be called marginal, 3-4-7-valved ; placentas equal in number to
the valves, sometimes drawn out so far as to form dissepiments
(f. ll./.). Seeds numerous, without arillus. Embryo lying in
the axis of a fleshy albumen ; with the radicle pointing to the
hilum, and flat small cotyledons. — American herbs more or less
pilose or hispid, with the hairs or bristles usually stinging like
those of the nettle, in consequence of their secreting an acrid
juice. Leaves opposite or alternate, exstipulate, simple, but
usually variously divided. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered.
Flowers elegant. This order is distinguished from Onagrarieee
by its unilocular ovaria, and indefinite stamens, part of which
are sterile ; and perhaps by the latter character, and the addi-
tional 5 petals, connected with Passiflorece, with which they
sometimes also accord in habit. Their rigid stinging hairs,
climbing habit, and lobed leaves resemble those of some Urti-
cece. On the same account they may be compared with Cucur-
bitacete, with which they further agree in their inferior unilocular
fruit, with parietal placentas, and in the very generally yellow
colour of their flowers. This, indeed, is the order with which,
upon the whole, Loasece must be considered to have the closest
affinity.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 BARTONIA. Tube of calyx cylindrical (f. 10. a.); limb 5-
parted (f. 10. «.). Petals 5-10 (f. 10. 6.), about equal in shape.
Stamens numerous (f. 10. c.). Capsule 3-7-valved ; each pla-
centa bearing 2 rows of seeds.
2 BLUMENBA'CHIA. Tubeof calyx spirally twisted (f. 11. e.);
limb 5-parted (f. 1 !.£.)• Petals 10 (f. 11. 6.); 5 outer ones
cucullate, and the 5 inner ones scale-formed, each scale inclosing
2 sterile filaments. Fertile stamens disposed in 5 bundles (f.
11. 6.). Fruit dividing into 10 parts at the base.
3 LOA'SA. Tube of calyx not twisted (f. 12. a.) ; limb 5-
parted (f. 12. c.). Petals 10 (f. 12. 6.) ; the 5 inner ones scale-
formed, bearing 2 sterile filaments inside. Outer series of
stamens sterile and free ; inner ones disposed in 5 bundles, but
distinct. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved at the apex.
4 CAIOPHORA. The fruit is oval, bursting into 3 valves from
the base upwards ; the placentas then separate from the sides of
the capsule, and have the appearance of 3 arched columellee.
The rest as in Loasa.
5 MENTZELIA. Tube of calyx cylindrical (f. 13. 6.) ; limb
5-lobed (f. 13. d.). Petals 5 (f. 13. a.). Stamens free, usually
disposed in bundles (f. 13. e.). Capsule turbinate, 3-valved,
few-seeded (f. 13./.).
6 KLAPR6THIA. Calyx with a turbinate tube, and a 5-
parted limb. Petals 4. Stamens numerous, 4-5 sterile in front
of each sepal, and 4-5 fertile in front of each petal. Fruit
baccate, few-seeded.
I. BARTO'NIA (Benj. S. Barton, M. D., professor of botany
at Philadelphia). Sims, bot. mag. t. 1487. Nutt. gen. amer.
1. p. 297. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 327. D. C. prod. 3. p
339. butnotofWilld.
LIN. SYST. Icostindria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx cylin-
drical (f.10. a.), closely girding the ovarium, but probably distinct
from it ; limb 5-parted (f. 10. a.), permanent. Petals 5-10 (f. 10.
6.), unguiculate, the same shape, inserted in the calyx. Stamens
indefinite (f. 10. c.), inserted with the petals, but shorter than
them ; filaments free (f. 10. c.) ; outer ones sometimes sterile;
anthers oblong. Style filiform (f. 10. e.), marked with 3-7 spi-
ral stripes (f. 10. e.). Capsule oblong, 1-celled, 3-7-valved ;
placentas bearing 2 rows of seeds each. Seeds compres-
sed.— Herbs downy from stiff and bearded hairs. Leaves
alternate, interruptedly pinnatifid. Flowers large, terminal,
solitary, white or yellow, expanding in the evening, becoming
reddish as they fade.
1 B. ORNA'TA (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 297.) lobes of leaves
acutish ; capsule surrounded by bracteas, 5-7-valved ; seeds some-
what emarginate. $ . F. Native of Upper Louisiana, in argil-
laceous soil, on the banks of the river Missouri. B. decapetala,
Sims, bot. mag. 1487. Petals 10, white.
Ornamental Bartonia. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1811. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
2 B. NU'DA (Nutt. 1. c.) lobes of leaves obtuse; capsule 3-
valved, naked ; seeds winged ; outer stamens petaloid, usually
sterile. $ . F. Native on the banks of the Missouri, on gra-
velly hills. Petals 10.
Naked-fruited Bartonia. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1811. Pl.lto2ft.
3 B. L/EVICAU'LIS (Dougl. mss. _,T_
ex Hook, fl. bor. amer. 1 . p. 22 1 . M*. 10.
t. 69.) petals 5 ; petaloid stamens
5 ; bracteas wanting ; stems
very smooth ; seeds winged. ©•
H. Native of North America,
on the gravelly islands and rocky
shores of the Columbia, near the
Great Falls. Flowers shining,
yellow. An ornamental plant,
not inferior to B. ornata, but
differs from it in the want of the
large, jagged bracteas, as well as
in its fewer petals and winged
seeds.
Smooth-stemmed Bartonia. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
4 B. PARVIFLORA (Dougl. mss. ex Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1.
p. 221.) petals 5; petaloid stamens 5-7; bracteas wanting;
stem scabrous ; seeds winged. $ . F. Native of North Ame-
rica ; abundant in calcareous rocky situations, and micacious
sandy banks of streams, in the interior parts of Columbia.
Flowers smaller than those of the preceding species, but it is
probably hardly more than a variety of that plant. It differs
from B. nuda, Nutt. in the number of the petals. The name
would be more applicable to the following species.
Small-flowered Bartonia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 B. ALBICAU'LIS (Dougl. mss. ex Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p.
222.) petals 5, obovate, small ; petaloid stamens wanting ; brac-
teas wanting ; stems short, shining, white. O- H. Native of
North America, on arid sandy plains of the river Colombia,
under the shade of Purshia tridentata. Mentzelia albicaulis,
Dougl. mss. Acrolasia bartonioldes, Presl. reliq. Haenk. 2. p.
39. t. 55. Petals yellow.
White-stemmed Bartonia. PI. decumbent.
6 B. ALBE'SCENS (Arnott, in Cheek, journ. 3. p. 273.) stem
with a white shining epidermis ; leaves sinuately toothed ; cap-
sule naked, 3-valved; seed broadly marginate ; flowers dis-
62
LOASE^E. II. BLUMENBACIIIA. III. LOASA.
posed in a leafy panicle. $ . F. Native of Chili, in the Jarillal,
or uncultivated grounds between Mendoza and the mountains ;
generally by the side of dry water courses, at about 3000 feet
above the level of the sea. Sweet, fl. gard. new ser. t. 182.
B. sinuata, Presl. reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 38. Petals 10, pale yel-
low. Filaments all dilated. Stigmas 3-lobed. This species does
not turn black on drying, as in the other species, and is readily
distinguished from them by the beautiful white down on the stem.
Hoary Bartonia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1831. PI. 1 to 4 feet.
Cult. The seeds of the species should be raised in a gentle
heat in spring ; and when the plants are of a proper size, they
should be potted separately in small pots, and shifted from size to
size of pots as they grow ; the pots should be well drained with
sherds ; and in the winter they should be placed on a dry shelf
in a greenhouse or frame. The flowers are very showy, and the
plants are therefore worth cultivating in every garden.
II. BLUMENBA'CHIA .(in honour of John Freder. Blum-
enbach, M.D. professor of medicine at Gb'ttingen, chiefly dis-
tinguished as a comparative anatomist). Schrad. in goett. anz.
1825. p. 1707. Comm. soc. goett. vol. 6. with a figure. D. C.
prod. 3. p. 340. but not of Krel.
LIN. SYST. Polydelphia, Polyandria. Calyx 5-parted (f.
11. g.), with the tube adhering to the ovarium. Petals 5 (f. 11.
&.), inserted in the top of the calycine tube, cucullate, equal,
spreading. Scales 5 (f. 11. 6.), alternating with the petals, and
inserted with them, furnished with 3 sterile filaments at the
back of each, and clasping 2 subulate appendages inside.
Stamens indefinite, inserted in the top of the calycine tube (f.
11. 6.), disposed in 5 bundles, one opposite each petal ; anthers
2-celled, bursting inwardly. Ovarium joined to the tube of the
calyx. Style simple (f. 11. _/.). Capsule marked with 10
spiral ribs, 1 -celled, 10-valved; 5 of the valves thicker and
broader than the other 5, with the placentas not reaching the
axis ; the other 5 narrower, with placentas almost reaching the
axis (f. 11. A.), and bearing the seeds. Seeds rugged. — Branched,
climbing, or trailing herbs, covered with stinging hairs. Leaves
opposite, lobed. Flowers axillary, solitary, bracteate.
1 B. INSIGNIS (Schrad. 1. c.) lower leaves 7-5-lobed ; upper
ones deeply bipinnatifid. O- H. Native of Chili and Brazil,
in the provinces of Cisplatine and Rio Grande do Sul, and about
Monte Video ; also of Buenos Ayres. Reich, icon. exot.
t. 121. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 170. B. parviflora, Gill. mss.
Loasa palmata, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 601. Trevir. in act. bot. 13.
p. 181. t. 12. Loasa patula, Graham, in edinb. phil. journ.
Oct. 1827. Flowers with whitish petals and reddish-yellow
scales.
Showy Blumenbachia. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1826. PI. tr.
2 B. PALMA'TA (St. Hil. fl.
bras. 2. p. 208.) leaves deeply
and palmately 3-5-lobed ; lobes
pinnatifid. O- H. Native of
Brazil, on the confines of the
province of Rio Grande de St.
Pedro do Sul. Flowers with
white petals ; scales with ciliated
edges, yellow at the base, lined
with white, and red above it,
tipped with vermilion colour.
/W»m<e-leaved Blumenbachia.
PI. tr.
3 B. LATIPOLIA (St. Hil. fl.
bras. 2. p. 209. t. 118.) leaves
trifoliate ; lateral segments 3-
lobed, unequal-sided, terminal
one equal-sided, 3-5-lobed. Q. H. Native of Brazil, in the
FIG. 11.
province of St. Paul, between the towns of Rio Grande de St.
Pedro do Sul and St. Francisco de Paulo. Flowers with white
petals, and yellow scales tipped with orange colour, (f. 11.)
Broad- leaved Blumenbachia. PI. tr.
4 B. PUNicEA ; plant very hispid ; leaves opposite, pinnati-
fid, having the segments jagged; calycine lobes jagged, shorter
than the petals, which are cucullate ; bundles of stamens poly-
androus. 0. H. Native of Peru. Loasa punicea, Ruiz et
Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 446. ined. (v. s. herb. Lamb.)
Scarlet Blumenbachia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 B. PTEROSPE'RMA ; hispid ; leaves opposite, pinnatifid, rather
cordate at the base; segments toothed; peduncles long, 1-
flowered, axillary ; calycine segments toothed, shorter than the
petals, which are cucullate ; bundles of stamens polyandrous ;
stem climbing ; seeds bordered by a wing. O- H. Native of
Peru. Lo&sa pterosperma, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 448.
(v. s. herb. Lamb.)
Winged-seeded Blumenbachia. PI. cl.
6 B. SEPIA'RIA ; stem climbing ; leaves opposite, pinnatifid,
with the segments pinnatifid or coarsely toothed ; peduncles
long, axillary, 1 -flowered; calycine segments jagged, linear,
longer than the petals, which are cucullate ; bundles of stamens
polyandrous. ©• H. Native of Peru. Loasa sepiaria, Ruiz
et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 449. ined.
Hedge Blumenbachia. PI. cl.
7 B. MICRA'NTHA ; hispid ; leaves opposite, ovate, serrated,
petiolate ; peduncles many-flowered, racemose, terminal, and
rising from the forks of the stem ; calycine lobes ovate, much
shorter than the petals, which are cucullate, and holding 2 sta-
mens each. O- H. Native of Peru. Flowers very small.
Loasa micrantha, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 442.
Small-jlorvered Blumenbachia. PI. 1 foot.
8 B. GRANDIFLORA ; leaves opposite, petiolate, oblong, runci-
nate, acute, somewhat cordate at the base ; pedicels 1 -flowered,
rising from the forks of them ; stem climbing. 0. H. Native
of Peru. Loasa contorta, Lam. diet. 3. p. 579. D. C. prod. 3.
p. 340. Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 25. t. 3. f. 1. Loasa physiope-
tala, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 447. ined. Flowers yellow.
Great-jlomered Blumenbachia. PI. cl.
Cult. Elegant annual plants, with very showy flowers ; their
culture and propagation are the same as that recommended for
the species of Loasa, see p. 64.
III. LOAVSA (meaning unknown to us). Adan. fam. 2. p.
501. Jacq. obs. 2. p. 15. Schreb. gen. no. 908. Juss. gen.
p. 322. ann. mus. 5. p. 24. Lam. ill. t. 426. D. C. prod. 3.
p. 340. — Ortiga, Feuill. per. 2. p. 757. Neck. elem. no. 1221.
Loosa, Lin. prael. ed. gis. p. 334.
LIN. SYST. Polydelphia, Polyandria. Calyx 5-cleft, with
the tube adhering to the ovarium (f. 12. a.). Petals 5 (f. 12. 6.),
cucullate, equal, spreading, inserted in the top of the tube ;
scales 5, inserted with the petals, furnished with 3 sterile fila-
ments on the back of each, and girding 2 subulate appendages
inside. Stamens indefinite, inserted in the top of the calycine
tube, disposed in 5 bundles (f. 12. 6.), opposite the petals ;
anthers 2-celled, bursting inwardly. Ovarium joined to the
calyx. Capsule crowned by the lobes of the calyx (f. 12. a.),
3-valved at the top, 1 -celled ; placentas linear, alternating with
the valves. Seeds rugged. — Branched, decumbent, or climbing
herbs, beset with stinging hairs. Leaves alternate, or opposite,
toothed or lobed. Flowers axillary, extra-axillary, or opposite
the leaves, solitary or racemose.
* Leaves opposite.
1 L. TRILOBA (Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 24. t. 1. f. 3.) leaves
cordate at the base, usually 3-lobed : lobes acute, toothed ;
middle lobe usually somewhat 3-lobed ; pedicels axillary ; caly-
LOASEjE. III. LOASA.
cine lobes small, acute. O- H. Native of Peru and Chili,
about Valparaiso. Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 444. ined. Scales
petaloid, equally and bluntly 3-lobed. Flowers small.
Three- lobed-leaved Loasa. PL 1 foot.
2 L. ACERJFOLIA (Juss. 1. c. p. 24. t. 1 . f. 2.) leaves nearly
opposite, cordate at the base, S-7-lobed ; lobes acute, toothed ;
pedicels shorter than the floral leaves ; calycine lobes oblong,
acuminated. Q ? H. Native of Chili and Peru. Loasa viti-
f61ia, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 443. ined. L. tricolor, Ker.
bot. reg. 667. Scales as in L. triloba, but the calycine lobes
are twice the length. Flowers with yellow petals and red scales.
Maple-leaved Loasa. PL tr.
3 L. BRYONLEFOLIA (Schrad. cat. hort. goslt. 1823. pi. rar.
hort. goett. with a figure) leaves cordate, lower ones 5-lobed,
stalked, upper ones 3-lobed, almost sessile ; all the lobes are
sinuately lobed ; pedicels exceeding the floral leaves ; lobes of
calyx a little toothed, acuminated. O- H. Native of Chili.
Stem erect, bristly. Flowers yellow, hardly smaller than those
of L. acerifblia. Stigma blunt. Seeds without aril ; hylum
lateral.
Bryony-leaved Loasa. PL 1 foot.
4 L. NITIDA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 581.) leaves cordate at the base,
many-lobed ; lobes acute, toothed, lower ones usually pfnna-
tifid ; pedicels axillary ; calycine lobes oblong, toothed, shorter
than the petals ; wings of the corona very small, toothed, and
stalked ; stamens much shorter than the petals ; style straight,
shorter than the stamens ; sepals erect, much shorter than
the pear-shaped fruit. Q. H. Native of Chili and Peru,
on the mountains. Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 25. t. 2. f. 2.
Trat. tabl. 1. t. 23. Hook. exot. fl. t. 83. bot. mag. 2372.
Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 445. Petals spreadingly reflexed,
yellow, red at the base ; scales red. Lobes of leaves bluntish.
Stems prostrate.
Var. ft ; leaves more deeply lobed ; lobes narrower. — Chili,
about Valparaiso. L. tricolor, Lindl. bot. reg. 667.
Shining Loasa. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1822. Pl.tr.
5 L. SAGITTA'TA (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 238.) stems
twining, pubescent ; leaves all petiolate, opposite, cordately-
sagittate, acuminated, with rather lobed margins : the lobes
crenated ; peduncles axillary and terminal, few-flowered ; caly-
cine lobes ovate-oblong. 0. /^>. H. Native of Chiloe. There
has none of the stinging hairs, so peculiar to this genus, been
observed on this species.
Sagittate-leaved Loasa. PL tw.
6 L. ELONGA'TA (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 239.) stems
much elongated, nearly simple, shining ; leaves remote, oppo-
site, petiolate, cordate at the base, 5-7-lobed ; peduncles axil-
lary, few-flowered, twice the length of the leaves ; calycine
lobes broadly ovate, shorter than the petals, which are red ; fruit
hemispherical. ©• H. Native of Chili, about Coquimbo.
Elongated-stemmed Loasa. PL 2 to 3 feet.
7 L. PROSTRA'TA (Gill. mss. ex Arnott, in Cheek, edinb. journ.
3. p. 274.) stems prostrate, flexuous ; leaves opposite, sessile,
cordate, ovate, deeply angular ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered,
about twice the length of the leaves ; calycine lobes lanceolate,
longer than the fruit, and about equal in length to the petals ;
valves of capsule closely beset by long, rigid hairs ; seeds egg-
shaped, large, with a smooth testa. Q. H. Native of Chili,
on La Cuesta de los Manantiales, Cerro de San Pedro Nolasco,
&c. Plant covered with long, rigid, stinging hairs.
Var. ft, Cumingii (Hook, et Arnott, in bot. misc. 3. p. 239.)
segments of leaves bipinnatifidly and sinuately toothed. About
Valparaiso, and on the mountains near Aconcugua. In the spe-
cies the segments of the leaves are simply and sinuately toothed.
Prostrate Loasa. PL prostrate.
8 L. FA'LLIDA (Gill. mss. ex Arn. in Cheek, edinb. journ. 3. p.
274.) epidermis of stem loose, and shining ; leaves opposite, all pe-
tiolate, ovate, coarsely toothed ; panicles opposite, axillary, much
longer than the leaves ; pedicels short, in the forks, about equal
in length to the flowers ; calycine lobes linear-oblong, one half
shorter than the petals. Q. H. Native of Chili, among loose
debris, on the banks of the El Rio del Yeso, near Arroyo de
San Nicholas, at the elevation of about 5000 feet, &c., where it
is called by the inhabitants Cavalluna. The plant is most nearly
allied to L. sclarecefblia, Juss. but that does not appear to have
the loose epidermis on the stem, and the leaves are much larger.
The pedicels in the forks of the panicle are elongated.
Pale Loasa. PL prostrate.
9 L. LATERiriA (Gill. mss. ex Arnott, in Cheek, edin. journ.
3. p. 275.) stems almost wanting; leaves opposite, on long pe-
tioles, pinnate ; segments roundish, crenated, lobed ; peduncles
twin, 1 -flowered, terminal, about equal in length to the leaves ;
calycine lobes oval, exceeding the tube, but one half shorter than
the corolla. Q. H. Native of Chili, at Los Imposibles, near
the foot of the descent from the Planchon towards Chili, and in
El Valle de Tray Carlos, at the base of the volcano of Pateroa,
at an elevation of 9000 feet. This species is readily distin-
guished by its large flowers of a brick red colour, and by its
very short stems and radical branches, each of which bear 1 or
2 pairs of opposite leaves, and between the upper pair of which
arise 2 1-flowered peduncles, terminating the branch. Seeds
with a strongly reticulated testa like the next species ; and as in
it the hairs are short and not stinging.
JJn'c/c-coloured-flowered Loasa. PL prostrate.
10 L. PINNATIFIDA (Gill, mss. ex Arnott in Cheek, edir.b. journ.
3. p. 275.) stems nearly erect; leaves opposite, on long petioles :
radical and lower ones pinnate : segments pinnatifid, with round-
ish approximate lobes ; upper leaves pinnatifid ; peduncles axil-
lary, usually 1-flowered ; calycine lobes ovate, much shorter
than the corolla, and half the length of the fruit. Q. H. Native
of Chili, at La Cuesta del Inga, at an elevation of about 9000
feet. Plant with short rigid, but not stinging hairs.
Pinnatijid-leaved Loasa. PL 1 foot.
11 L. DISSE'CTA (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 240.) stem
erectish, strong, a little branched at the apex, with a loose white
epidermis ; petioles opposite, lower ones elongated, becoming
gradually shorter to the top of the stem ; leaves tripinnatifid,
with the ultimate segments ovate-obtuse ; pedicels short, rising
from the forks of the stem ; calycine lobes narrow-oblong, not
half so long as the petals. Q. H. Native about Valparaiso,
Los Ogos de Agua, and Aconcugua.
Dissected-leaved Loasa. PL I foot.
12 L. HETEROPHY'LLA (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 228.)
stem prostrate, dichotomous ; leaves opposite, on short petioles ;
lower ones small, hastately triangular, coarsely toothed : lower
floral ones nearly reniform, 5-lobed, with the lobes nearly equal,
and furnished with 1 or 2 teeth each ; but the middle lobe of the
uppermost leaves is rather lengthened ; peduncles in the forks
longer than the leaves ; calycine lobes oblong-lanceolate, about
equal in length to the petals ; fruit conically hemispherical. Q.
H. Native about Valparaiso ? and at Los Ogos de Agua. The
stem is rarely pubescent ; but the branches, particularly in their
upper part, and the turbinate tube of the calyx, are provided
with long sharp spreading hairs.
Variable-leaved Loasa. PL prostrate.
13 L. ACANTHIFOLIA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 579.) leaves cordate at
the base, pinnatifid ; lobes acuminated, sinuately toothed ; pe-
dicels axillary, and also from the forks, solitary, 1-flowered;
lobes of calyx narrow, acuminated, reflexed, equal in length to
the petals, which are bidentate. O- H. Native of Chili. Juss.
ann. mus. 5. p. 25. t. 3. f. 2. L. nitida, bot. mag. 2372? L.
cymbaepetala, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 442. b. ined. Ortiga
LOASEjE. III. LOASA.
Chilensis, Feuill. obs. 2. p. 757. t. 43. Petals yellow. Scales
red. Herb erect, 4 feet high. The leaves are often alternate.
Acanthus-leaved Loasa. PL 4 to 5 feet.
1 4 L. RUIZI'ANA ; leaves opposite, ovate, coarsely serrated,
hoary from down, petiolate; peduncles axillary and terminal, 1-
flowered ; calycine segments acute, much shorter than the petals,
which are cucullate. Q. H. Native of Peru. L. incttna, Ruiz
et Pav. fl. per. vol. 5. t. 441. ined. (v. s. herb. Lamb.)
Ruiz's Loasa. PL 1 foot.
15 L. scLAREjEFOLiA (Juss. 1. c. 5. p. 25. t. 1. f. 1.) leaves
ovate-oblong, sinuately lobed ; lobes acute, toothed ; upper
leaves sessile; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered in the forks of the
stem ; calycine lobes oblong, acuminated, shorter than the pe-
tals. ©. H. Native of Chili, where it is called Urtica brava,
Tratt. t. 22. Scales emarginate at the apex.
Sclary-leaved Loasa. PL tr.
16 L. PLA'CEI (Lindl. in hort. trans. 6. p. 97.) leaves cordate
at the base, many lobed : upper ones sessile ; pedicels axillary ;
sepals hardly toothed, reflexed, length of petals ; the wings of the
corona sessile, and quite entire ; the longest of the stamens as
long as the petals ; style bent, longer than the stamens ; capsule
obovate, shorter than the reflexed sepals. O- H. Native of
Chili. L. acanthifolia, Ker, hot. reg. t. 785. but not of Juss.
Flowers yellow, with red scales.
Place's Loasa. FL June, Sept. Clt. 1822. PL 4 to 6 feet.
17 L. GRANDIFLORA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 580.) lower leaves oppo-
site ; upper ones alternate, cordate at the base, 5-lobed ; lobes
deeply toothed ; flowers axillary and terminal, on long pedicels ;
lobes of calyx acuminated, shorter than the petals. ©• H. Na-
tive of Peru. Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 26. t. 4. f. 2. Tratt. tab. t.
29. Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 440. Lower leaves on long, and
upper on short petioles. Flowers yellow. Scales oblong, 2-
lobed, not appendiculate on the outside.
Great-flowered Loasa. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1825. PL 2 to 3 ft.
18 L. FLORIBU'NDA (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 239.)
root simple, fusiform ; stem short, with a loose epidermis, simple
beneath the inflorescence, but much branched and panicled
above ; leaves oval-oblong, petiolate : cauline ones opposite,
sinuately lobed, coarsely toothed, cordate at the base : lower
floral ones alternate, sinuately lobed : upper floral ones smaller,
cuneated at the base, toothed or quite entire ; pedicels short,
rising from the forks of the stems ; calycine lobes elliptic, acute,
attenuated at the base, shorter than the apiculated petals ; scales
furnished with 3 appendages each on the back above the middle.
O- H. Native about Valparaiso, and on the Cordillera of Chili.
Bundle-homered Loasa. PL 1 foot.
* * Leaves alternate.
19 L. LOXE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 116.)
leaves alternate, and nearly opposite, ovate-oblong, 3-5 -lobed ;
lobes irregularly toothed ; middle lobe very large ; flowers ter-
minal and axillary, somewhat racemose ; lobes of calyx ovate,
acuminated, 3-nerved. Tj . S. Native of Peru, near Loxa.
Leaves white beneath. Flowers yellow. Scales rounded at the
apex, drawn out into a lobe at both ends. Herb sufFruticose
branched.
Loxa Loasa. Shrub.
20 L. ARGEMONOIDES (Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 26.) leaves cor-
date, sinuately lobed, tomentose on both surfaces, white beneath ;
flowers terminal and axillary, pedicellate ; lobes of calyx lanceo-
late, one-half shorter than the petals. I/ . S. Native of South
America, near Santa Fe de Bogota. Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin.
1. p. 53. 1. 15. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 26. Tratt.
tab. t. 30. Flowers nearly 3 inches in diameter. Scales bifid,
furnished with 2 acute lobes, which are gibbous at the base.
Argemone-like Loasa. PL 6 to 10 feet.
21 L. RANCNCULIFOLIA (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 1. p. 50.
t. 14.) leaves all alternate, somewhat orbicular, cordate, toothed,
clothed with yellowish tomentum above, and silky white tomen-
tum beneath ; flowers terminal and axillary, somewhat race-
mose ; lobes of calyx ovate-lanceolate, acute. I/ . S. Native
of Peru, on the Andes near Caxamarca. H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 6. p. 117. Tratt. tab. t. 27. Flowers large, yellow.
Scales bifid, bigibbous at the base.
Crow-foot-leaved Loasa. PL 2 feet.
22 L. INCAVNA (Graham in edinb. phil. journ. Oct. 1830.)
plant suffruticose, reddish, erectish ; leaves scattered, petiolate,
ovate-lanceolate, hoary, deeply serrated, scabrous; peduncles
1-flowered, opposite the leaves. ^ . G. Native of Peru, from
Yazo to the valley of Canta. Corolla white. Whole plant
covered densely with harsh barbed white hairs, intermixed by a
few stinging ones. Cuticle papery, and pealing off.
Hoary Loasa. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1830. PL 2 feet.
23 L. XANTHIIFOLIA (Juss. 1. c. t. 2. f. 1.) leaves petiolate,
cordate, oblong, acute, coarsely toothed ; pedicels extra-axillary ;
lobes of calyx oblong, hardly acute. O- H. Native of Peru.
Flowers small, yellow. Stems a foot and half high. Trat. tab. t. 26.
Xanthium-leaved Loasa. PL 1^ foot.
24 L. CHENOPODIFOIIA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 550.) leaves petiolate,
somewhat ovate, deeply toothed ; racemes loose, leafy, terminal ;
flowers drooping. Q. H. Native of Peru. Perhaps a mere
variety of the preceding, according to Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 26.
Goosefoot-leaved Loasa. PL 1 to 2 feet.
25 L. PARVIFLORA (Schrad. pi. rar. bras. ined. ex D. C. prod.
3. p. 342.) leaves on long petioles, ovate-cordate, sinuately 3-7-
lobed, hairy ; flowers racemose ; racemes extra axillary, few-
flowered, shorter than the leaves ; lobes of calyx acutish. O-H.
Native of Brazil, in the provinces of the Mines. Peduncles
and calyxes bristly. Flowers with white petals and brown
scales. Bristles or sterile stamens at back of scales white.
Small-flowered Loasa. PL trailing.
26 L. A'SPERA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 441. i.) hispid;
leaves alternate, angularly lobed, and coarsely toothed ; pedun-
cles solitary, lateral ; calyx long, very hispid ; calycine segments
ovate, longer than the petals. Q. H. Native of Peru.
Rough Loasa. PL 1 to 2 feet.
27 L. AMBROSI^lFOLIA (JuSS.
L c. t. 4. f. 1.) leaves petiolate,
bipinnatifid ; lobes and lobules
bluntish ; pedicels extra-axil-
lary ; lobes of calyx lanceolate-
linear, acute, shorter than the
petals. O- H. Native of Peru.
Stem a foot high, hardly branch-
ed. Herb beset with yellowish
prickles. Flowers yellow, an
inch in diameter. Tratt. tab. t.
31. Scales bifid, not appendi-
culate on the outside.
Var. ft, hispida (D. C. prod.
3. p. 342.) lobes of leaves very
numerous, broader and more
crowded. Loksa urens, Jacq.
obs. 2. p. 15. t. 33. Lam. diet. 3. p. 578. Tratt. tab. t. 32.
L. hispida, Lin. syst. ed. 12. p. 364. L. bipinnatifida, Ruiz et
Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 439. ined.
Ambrosia-leaved Loasa. PL 1 foot.
28 L. VOLU'BIL-IS (Juss. 1. c. t. 5. f. 1.) leaves alternate and
opposite, bipinnatifid ; lobes linear, obtuse ; flowers terminal
and axillary, pedicellate ; lobes of calyx a little toothed, one
half shorter than the petals ; stem twining. O-H. Native of
Chili, near Conception, in sandy places ; and of Peru. Tratt. tab.
FIG. 12.
LOASE^E. III. LOASA. IV. CAIOPHORA. V. SCYPHANTHUS. VI. MENTZELIA.
65
t. 34. L. multifida, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 443. b. Scales
2-lobed. Flowers small, yellow.
Tnining Loasa. PI. tw.
29 L. TRIPHY'LLA (Juss. 1. c. p. 27. t. 5. f. 2.) leaves for the
most part cut into 3 stalked, oblong, toothed segments : a few
tripartite ; pedicels extra-axillary ; calycine lobes elliptic-oblong.
O- H. Native of Peru, on the Andes, in the high plains.
Tratt. tab. 1. t. 21. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p.
118. Stems ascending.
Three-leaved Loasa. PI. ascending, 1 foot.
30 L. PAPAVERIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p.
118.) leaves trifoliate; segments or leaflets stalked, oblong,
toothed : middle leaflet large, pinnatifid ; flowers opposite the
leaves, disposed in something like racemes ; lobes of calyx ellip-
tic, 3-nerved. Q. H. Native of the Andes, about Quindiu.
Stem simple, ascending. Flowers white. There is a figure in
the Flora Mexicana which agrees with this plant, except that the
petals are drawn bifid at the apex.
Poppy-leaved Loasa. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. All the species of Loasa bear such beautiful flowers,
that they are all worth cultivating for ornament, but they are
so full of stings that it is impossible to handle them. The
seeds of the annual species should be sown early in spring in
the open ground, and the plants so raised will flower and pro-
duce seed the same season ; or the seeds may be sown in pots, and
reared in a hot-bed, and the plants may afterwards be planted out
in the open border, in any convenient situation. All the species
require a rich light soil and a warm situation. Some of the
species are said to be perennial ; we suppose all would be so if
they were protected from frost.
IV. CAIO'PHORA (meaning not explained). Presl. in
reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 43.
LIN. SYST. Polydelphia, Polydndria. Calyx 5-parted ; seg-
ments jagged. Petals 5, unguiculate, concave. Scales 5, peta-
loid, emarginate, or 4-toothed at the apex, each furnished with
4 sterile filaments inside. Stamens numerous, disposed in 5
bundles. Style trigonal, permanent ; stigmas 3, conniving.
Capsule ovate-oblong, with elevated spiral ribs, crowned by the
reflexed calyx, 1-celled, many-seeded, opening at 3 of the su-
tures. Placentas marginal in the valves, but at length distinct
from them. Seeds angular, echinated by bristles or reticulated.
— Usually climbing plants, with the habit of Loasa, beset with
stinging hairs. Peduncles 1-flowered. Flowers yellow. This
genus differs from Loasa and Blumenbachia in the dehiscence of
the capsule, in the scales being furnished with 4 sterile filaments
instead of 3, and in many other points. There are several plants
now referred to the genus Blumenbachia which belong to this ge-
nus; viz. B. grandiflora, which is Caiophora contorta, Presl. reliq.
Haenk. 2. p. 42. and B. punicea, which is evidently the Caidphora
circiifolia, Presl. 1. c. t. 54. and carduifolia, Presl. 1. c. p. 42.
1 C. CORONA TA (Hook, et Am. in bot. misc. 3. p. 238.)
stems short; leaves opposite, petiolate, pinnate; segments bi-
pinnatifid : lobules denticulated; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered,
elongated ; calycine lobes pinnatifid, with linear segments, longer
than the ovarium. ©• H. Native of Chili, on both sides of
the Cordillera of the Andes, between Mendoza and Chili, at an
elevation of 8500 to 11,000 feet. The furrows of the fruit are
nearly straight, or hardly spiral, so that this species partakes ill
some degree of the characters of Loasa. Loasa coronata, Gill.
mss. ex Arnott, in Cheek, in edinb. journ. 3. p. 274. C. ab-
sinthaefolia, Presl. in reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 43.
Crowned Caiophora. PI. prostrate, rising 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. See Loasa for culture and propagation.
V. SCYPHA'NTHUS
VOL. III.
S, scyphos, a cup, and
anthos, a flower ; in reference to the form of the flower). Sweet,
fl. gard. t. 238.
LIN. SYST. Pulyadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx deeply 5-
parted, permanent, equal. Petals 5, inserted in the base of the
calyx, on very short claws, concave, equal. Scales inserted with
the petals, peltate at the apex, lobed, 3-horned. Stamens nu-
merous, perigynous, the 10 exterior ones destitute of anthers;
and these are placed by twos opposite the scales, and are longer
than the rest, which are disposed in 5 fascicles opposite the
petals ; anthers 2-celled, erect. Ovarium prismatic, silique-
formed ; style one, erect, trigonal. Capsule prismatic, silique-
formed, crowned by the tube of the calyx, 3-valved at the apex ;
seeds oval, wrinkled. — A twining herb, having its branches beset
with retrograde strigae. Leaves opposite, pinnatifid ; superior
ones bipinnatifid, hispid from hairs. Flowers sessile, erect,
solitary, yellow.
1 S. E'LEGANS (Sweet, 1. c.). 0. H. Native of Chili.
Stem dichotomous. Segments of leaves obtuse, ciliated. Gram-
matocarpus volubilis, Presl. symb. bot. 1. p. 61. t. 38.
Elegant Scyphanthus. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1824. PI. cl.
Cult. An elegant plant. For its culture and propagation,
see Loasa.
VI. MENTZE'LIA (in honour of Christian Mentzelius ;
physician to the Elector of Brandenburgh ; published Centuria
Plantarum Circa Gedanum, 4to. 1650. and Index nominum Plan-
tarum Multilinguis, fol. 1682. 1696. and 1715.). Plum. nov.
gen. 40. t. 6. Lin. gen. no. 670. Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 24.
Lam. ill. t. 425. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 119.
D. C. prod. 3. p. 343. — Onagrae spec. Tour.
LIN. SYST. Icosandria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, with
a cylindrical, somewhat 5-furrowed tube, and 5 lanceolate or
subulate, equal lobes (f. 13. rf.). Petals 5 (f. 10. a.), equal,
inserted in the upper part of the tube of the calyx. Stamens
indefinite (f. 13. e.), multiple the number of the petals, and
inserted with them ; filaments free, usually disposed in 5 bun-
dles ; anthers erect, ovate, bilocular. Ovarium adnate to the
calycine tube. Styles 3, connected to the middle or to the top,
marked by 3 corresponding stripes. Capsule turbinately cylin-
drical, crowned by the calycine lobes (f. 13. /.), 1-celled, 3-
valved at the apex. Seeds 3-6-9, or irregular in number in con-
sequence of abortion, inserted in 3 parietal placentas. — Erect,
branched, dichotomous herbs, rough from bearded or glochidate
stiff hairs. Leaves alternate, or nearly opposite, coarsely toothed.
Flowers of a deep orange colour, solitary, almost sessile in the
forks of the stem, or pseudo-axillary from one of the branches
being abortive, expanding in the height of the sun.
* Stamens 20-25, all nearly equal. Seeds 3-6. Flomers smaller.
1 M. A'SPERA (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 516.) petals roundish-oval,
obtuse, hardly longer than the calycine limb, but much exceed-
ing the stamens. Q. F. Native of the Antilles (Plum. ed.
Burin, t. 174. f. 1.); Jamaica (P. Browne, jam. p. 249.) ; St.
Domingo (Bertero). Seeds 5 ; parietal smooth, compressed.
Hairs on plant glochidate at the apex.
Rough Mentzelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1733. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
2 M. OLIGOSPE'RMA (Nutt. in Sims, bot. mag. t. 1760.) petals
oval, acuminated, longer than the calyx, but very little longer
than the stamens. % . G. Native of Louisiana, on the banks
of the river Missouri, among rocks. M. aurea, Nutt. gen. amer.
1. p. 300. Root tuberous, succulent. Seeds 3, smooth, linear-
oblong. Hairs on plant bearded their whole length.
Few-seeded Mentzelia. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1812. PL 1 to 2 ft.
* * Stamens 30-100, the 10 exterior ones the longest. Seeds
6-9. Flowers larger than those of the last section.
3 M. HISPIDA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1176.) petals obovate, mu-
K
66
LOASE.E. VI. MENTZELIA. VII. KLAPROTHIA. TURNERACE^.
cronately acuminated, longer than the calyx ; stamens 30-35 ;
leaves and flowers nearly sessile. Tf. . G. Native of Mexico.
Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 24. M. aspera, Cav. icon. 1. p. 51. t. 70.
exclusive of the synonyms. Flowers 15 lines in diameter.
Seeds 6, ovate, compressed. FIG. 13.
Root violently purgative, and is
used in the cure of syphilis. The
Mexican name of the plant is
Zazale.
Hispid Menlzelia. Fl. June,
July. Clt. 1820. PI. 3 feet.
4 M. STRIGOSA (H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p.
120.) petals obovate, mucro-
nately cuspidate, 2 or 3 times
longer than the calyx ; stamens
about 50 ; leaves and flowers
almost sessile ; hairs on the
branches retrograde. "}/ . G.
Native of Mexico, near Rio Sar-
co. Filaments of outer stamens dilated at the apex. Ovula 1 0.
Strigose Mentzelia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 M. SCA'BRA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) petals obovate, acute, a
little longer than the calyx; stamens 100-110; flowers sessile
in the forks of the stems ; leaves petiolate. If. . G. Native of
New Granada, on the Andes about Pasto. Seeds scabrous, 6-9.
Scabrous-seeded Mentzelia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
6 M. GRANDIFLORA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 441. inecl.)
petals obovate, pointed, much longer than the calyx ; calycine
lobes ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, reflexed when the flowers
are open ; stamens numerous, from 30-40, unequal, outer ones
the longest ; leaves alternate, ovate, coarsely toothed, on short
petioles. If. G. Native of Peru.
Great-flowered Mentzelia. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
7 M. HIRTA (Pav. in herb. Lamb.) calyx covered with long
hairs ; calycine segments lanceolate, much shorter than the
petals; stamens numerous; leaves cordate, lobed, obtuse, alter-
nate, clothed with soft pubescence ; peduncles many-flowered.
If.. G. Native of Mexico, (v. s. in herb. Lamb.)
Hairy Mentzelia. PI. 1 foot.
8 M. STIPITA'TA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C.
prod. 3. p. 343.) petals oval, mucronately cuspidate, much
longer than the calyx ; stamens 30-40 ; flowers and leaves stipi-
tate. "if. . G. Native of Mexico. Presl. in Haenk. reliq. 2.
p. 40. Branches, pedicels, and ovaries scabrous from hairs.
Leaves ovate, acuminated, 3-lobed, doubly toothed. Flowers
lateral and terminal, solitary.
Stipilate-fiovtered Mentzelia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. The species grow well in any light rich soil
tings will root readily in sand, under a hand-glass.
and cut-
They are
also easily reared from seeds, which ripen in this country.
VII. KLAPROTHIA (in honour of Martin Henry Klap-
roth, of Berlin, a celebrated chemist, and great friend of Hum-
boldt). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 121. t. 537.
D. C. prod. 3. p. 343.
LIN. SYST. Icosandria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, with
a turbinate tube and a 4-parted limb ; lobes ovate, equal. Pe-
tals 4, on very short claws. Stamens numerous, especially 4-5
fertile ones in front of each petal ; these are longer than the others,
and 4-5 sterile ones in front of each sepal ; these are pilose, and
somewhat dilated at the apex into a 2-lobed membrane. Styles
4, connected together almost to the apex in one. Ovarium 1-
celled, 8-nerved inside, and 4-ovulate ; ovula pendulous, fixed
to the nerves opposite the sepals. Fruit baccate. Herb twin-
ing ; branches scabrous from retrograde hairs. Leaves oppo-
# 8
site, sharply toothed, stalked. Peduncles cymosely corymbose
at the tops of the branches. Flowers white.
1 K. MENTZELIOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.). Q. H. Native
of the Andes, about Quindiu, near the volcanos.
Mentzelia-like Klaprothia. PI. tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Loasa, p. 65.
ORDER CVIII. TURNERA'CE^E (plants agreeing with
Turriera in important characters). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 6. p. 123. D. C. prod. 3. p. 345.
Calyx free, usually coloured more or less, profoundly 5-cleft
(f. 14. a.), deciduous ; lobes equal, imbricate in aestivation.
Petals 5, equal (f. 14. &.), inserted into the upper part of the
tube of the calyx, and alternating with its lobes, narrow at the
base, twisted in aestivation. Stamens 5, inserted in the upper
part of the tube of the calyx below the petals, and alternating
with them ; filaments free, flat ; anthers oblong, erect, 2-celled
(f. 14. c.). Ovarium free, 1-celled (f. 14. rf.), many-ovulate.
Ovula ascending (f. \^.f.), fixed to 3 linear parietal placentas.
Styles 3 (f. 14. e.) or 6, usually more or less deeply bifid, and
cleft into many stigmas at the apex (f. 14. e.). Capsule 3-
valved, 1-celled (f. 14./.); valves bearing the seeds in their
middle, along a longitudinal placenta, opening from the apex as
far as the middle. Seeds subcylindrical, carved, crustaceous,
reticulated, furnished with a thin, membranous arillus on one
side. Hilum situated at the base of the seed. Embryo in the
centre of a fleshy albumen, somewhat incurved, spatulate, with
the radicle turned towards the hilum, and with plano-subconvex
cotyledons. — Shrubs, subshrubs, and herbaceous plants, with a
simple pubescence. Leaves alternate or scattered, simple, ex-
stipulate, with occasionally 2 glands at the apex of the petioles,
toothed, rarely pinnatifid. Flowers axillary, sessile, or pe-
dunculate ; the peduncles either distinct or connected with
the petioles, simple and 1 -flowered or branched and many-
flowered, articulated in the middle or furnished with 2 small
bracteoles. Petals yellow or yellowish, rarely blue. This
order is placed by De Candolle between Loasece and Fuuquie-
racece, chiefly it would seem on account of its manifest relation
to the former, and its perigynous stamens. With Malvacece it
agrees in the twisted aestivation of the corolla and habit. With
Loasece and Passiflbrece, they have also much in common. In
the structure of the fruit it agrees with Violaneee and Cistlnece,
but differs in the petals and stamens '_being inserted into the
calyx, and the circumstance of their certain relationship to
Cistmcce gives great weight to the ingenious approximation, by
M. Du Petit Thours, of Passiflbrece to Violariece. The pre-
sence of glands upon the ends of the petioles of Turneracece is
a confirmation of their affinity to the former. It is distinguished
from Loasece by the fruit being superior and 1-celled, with pa-
rietal placentas, and by the definite stamens ; the former cha-
racter is, however, weakened by the nearly superior fruit of
some Loasece.
Synopsis of the Genera.
1 TURNE'RA. Styles 3 (f. 14. e.), simple, divided at the
apex into multifid stigmas (f. 14. e.). Capsule opening from
the top to the middle.
TURNERACE^;. I. TURNERA.
67
2 PERI«UE'TA. Styles 3, deeply 2-parted, crowned by 2 mul-
tifid stigmas each. Capsule opening from the top to the base.
I. TURNE'RA (so named by Linnaeus in memory of William
Turner, M.D., Prebendary of York, Canon of Windsor, and
Dean of Wells ; student of Pembroke Hall in Cambridge, 1538 ;
died 1568. Author of a New Herbal, London, 1551. fol. Se-
cond part, Cologn, 1562. Second edition, Collen, 1566, with
the addition of a third part, &c.). Plum. gen. p. 15. t. 12. Lin.
gen. 376. Juss. gen. 313. Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 366. t. 76. H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 123. St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 212.
— Turnera, sect. 1. Lam. ill. t. 212. diet. 8. p. 141.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Trigynia. Calyx tubularly funnel-
shaped (f. 14. a.). Styles 3 (f. 14. e.\ simple, cleft at the apex
into multifid stigmas (f. 14. e.). Capsule opening from the
apex to the middle.
§ 1. Peduncles joined with the petioles, bibracteate.
* Leaves biglandular at the base.
1 T. TJLMIFOLIA (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 965.) leaves oblong,
acute, serrated, pubescent above, but clothed with white tomen-
tum beneath, and biglandular at the base ; flowers almost ses-
sile ; styles shorter than the stamens. $ . S. Native of South
America every where ; common in Brazil. Lin. hort. cliff. 122.
t. 10.— Sloan, hist. 1. t. 127. f. 4-5.— Mill. fig. t. 268. f. 2.
Flowers yellow, about the size of those of Llnum trigynum.
Var. ft, angustifblia (D. C. prod. 3. p. 346.) leaves oblong-
lanceolate. Tj . S. Native along with the species. T. angus-
tifolia, Curt. bot. mag. t. 281. Link. enum. 1. p. 293. T.
ulmifolia/3, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1503.
Elm-leaved Turnera. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1733. Sh. 2 to 4 ft.
2 T. CUNEIFORMIS (Juss. in Poir. diet. 8. p. 142.) leaves cu-
neiformly obovate, coarsely serrated, pubescent above, but clothed
with white tomentum beneath, and biglandular at the base ;
flowers nearly sessile. T? . S. Native of Brazil, about Rio
Janeiro. Spreng. nov. prov. 42. St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 213.
Otto, in hort. berol. 36. T. obtusifolia, Smith, in Rees' cycl.
vol. 36. no. 3. Petals yellow, with the claws brownish. Cap-
sule globose.
Var. ft; leaves and branches closely clothed with tomentum ;
stem dwarf. T. odorata, Vahl. in herb. Juss.
Wedge-formed-leaved Turnera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821.
Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
3 T. TRIONIFLORA (Sims, bog. t. 2106.) leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, coarsely serrated, cuneated at the base, and quite entire,
pubescent ; flowers sessile ; styles exceeding the stamens. Tj . S.
Native of Brazil, island of Trinidad, and Mexico. T. elegans,
Otto, 1. c. Link, enum. 1. p. 293. Petals pale yellow, or sul-
phur-coloured, with purplish-brown claws. Bracteoles subu-
late. Flowers as large as those ofBladder-kelmia.
Ketmia-flonered Turnera. Fl. year. Clt. 1812. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
4 T. LAMIIFOLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 213. ) leaves roundish-
obovate, unequally crenate-toothed, clothed with soft hairs
above and woolly tomentum beneath, biglandular at the base ;
flowers on short peduncles ; styles a little shorter than the
stamens. fj . S. Native of Brazil, in the southern part of the
province of Goyaz. Petals yellow, ra'.er truncate at the apex.
Dead-nettle-leaved Turnera. Shrub 1 foot.
5 T. LANCEOLA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 214.) leaves linear-
lanceolate, acute, nearly entire, hairy, biglandular at the base
beneath ; flowers almost sessile. fy . S. Native of Brazil, in
the provinces of Goyaz and Minas Geraes. Petals obovate-
oblong, yellow. Styles exceeding the stamens a little.
Lanceolate-leaved Turnera. Shrub -| foot.
6 T. OBLONOIFOLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 215.) leaves ob-
long, acute, obsoletely and dentately serrated, beset with rufes-
cent hairs, biglandular at the base beneath ; flowers almost ses-
sile; styles a little longer than the stamens. \i . S. Native of
Brazil, in the provinces of Minas Geraes and St. Paul, in
grassy pastures and fields. Petals oblong, obovate, yellow.
Oblong-leaved Turnera. Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
7 T. COZRU'LEA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C.
prod. 3. p. 346.) leaves oblong, coarsely serrated, but quite entire
at the base, and hardly attenuated, clothed with adpressed villi
beneath, biglandular at the top of the petiole ; flowers sessile ;
styles longer than the stamens. 7{.. S. Native of Mexico.
This species is very like T. trioniflora, but differs in the leaves
being on shorter petioles, and in being hardly attenuated at the
base, as well as in the hairs on the lower surface of the leaves
being adpressed. Bulb subfuscous. Flowers blue.
Blue-flowered Turnera. PI. | to 1 foot.
8 T. SUBULA'TA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. vol. 36. no. 2.) leaves
ovate, acute, serrated, clothed with white soft hairs ; bracteoles
linear-subulate ; flowers sessile. I/ . S. Native of New Gra-
nada. Capsule pilose. Glands of leaves broad.
Subulate-bractead Turnera. PI. 1 foot.
9 T. ACU'TA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 940.) leaves lanceolate, acu-
minated at both ends, crenately serrated, glabrous ; flowers
sessile. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica. Flowers yellow, about
the size of those of Linum trigynum. Petioles 3-4 lines long.
Bracteoles setaceous, adpressed to the calyx. Perhaps T. acuta,
Willd. rel. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 678. exclusive of
the country.
Acute-leaved Turnera. Shrub 1 foot.
10 T. APIFERA (Mart. reis. bras, ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 346.)
plant downy ; leaves linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute, atte-
nuated and biglandular at the base, remotely and acutely ser-
rated, pubescent ; stem suffruticose ; branches twiggy ; flowers
petiolar ; bracteas shorter than the calyx. Jj . S. Native of
Brazil, at Rio Jaquitinhonha and Rio Verde Grande.
Bee-bearing Turnera. Shrub 1 foot.
11 T. SERICEA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 127.)
leaves oblong, crenately serrated, soft, clothed with adpressed
pubescence above, and white, silky down beneath ; flowers ses-
sile ; styles exceeding the stamens. T? . S. Native of South
America, about Cumana and between Popayan and Almaguer.
T. Peruviana, Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 679.
Petals yellow, violaceous at the base. Shrub branched, rather
prostrate.
Silky Turnera. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
12 T. MOI.LIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 126.) leaves ovate-
oblong, coarsely crenate-serrated, clothed with silky hairs on
both surfaces, canescent beneath ; flowers sessile ; styles pilose.
Ij . S. Native of New Granada, near Honda. Petals yellow,
with violaceous claws. Capsule roundish-ovate.
Soft Turnera. Shrub 1 foot.
13 T. LONGIFLORA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 216.) leaves oblong,
obtuse, crenately toothed, biglandular at the base beneath,
woolly on both surfaces, but especially beneath ; flowers sessile ;
styles 3-times longer than the stamens. T? . S. Native of Bra-
zil, in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals obovate-oblong,
yellow, red at the base.
Long-flowered Turnera. Shrub 1 to 1 1- foot.
14 T. LUTE'SCENS (St. Hil. fl.bras. 2. p. 217.) leaves lanceo-
late, acute, crenately toothed, lower ones glandless, upper bi-
glandular at the base beneath, clothed with silky pubescence
on the upper surfaces, and with yellowish tomentum beneath ;
flowers sessile in fascicles. ^ • S. Native of Brazil, in the
province of Minas Geraes. Petals oblong-obovate, of a golden
yellow colour.
Yellowish Turnera. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
15 T. INCA'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 217.) leaves oblong or
K 2
68
TURNERACEjE. I. TURNERA.
oblong-lanceolate, acutish, crenately- toothed, clothed with vel-
vety pubescence above, and hoary tomentum beneath, and bi-
glandular at the base ; flowers sessile ; styles one half shorter
than the calyx. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of
Goyaz. Petals yellow, obovate-oblong.
Hoary Turnera. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
16 T. HERMANNIOIDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 218.) leaves
obovate-oblong, cuneated, unequally toothed, clothed with white
tomentum on both surfaces, biglandular at the base beneath ;
flowers sessile ; styles a little longer than the stamens. 1? . S.
Native of Brazil, in that part of the province of Minas Geraes
called Minas Novas. Petals oblong, marked with brown veins.
Hermannia-like Turnera. Shrub 1 to l^foot.
17 T. MELOCHIOIDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 219.) leaves ob-
long, obtuse, narrowed at the base, unequally crenate-toothed,
rather roughish above, and clothed with rufescent tomentum
beneath, biglandular at the base ; flowers sessile ; styles a little
shorter than the stamens, fj . S. Native of Brazil, in the
province of Minas Geraes. Petals obovate, yellow.
Melochia-like Turnera. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
1ST. NA'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 219.) leaves obovate,
rounded at the apex, crenated, pubescent on both surfaces, but
especially beneath, biglandular at the base ; flowers sessile ;
styles 3-times longer than the stamens. Jj . S. Native of Bra-
zil, in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals obovate, yellow.
Z)n>ar/'Turnera. PL i foot.
19 T. PJNIFOLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2 p. 220.) leaves linear,
acute, almost quite entire, biglandular at the base beneath ;
flowers nearly sessile ; styles shorter than the stamens. Fj . S.
Native of Brazil, in the southern part of the province of Goyaz,
on a mountain called Serra dos Pyrenees, near the town called
Meia. Petals oblong, pale yellow.
Pine-leaved Turnera. Shrub 1 foot.
* * Leaves glandless.
20 T. GENISTOIDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 220.) leaves linear,
acutish, glandless, hairy ; flowers sessile ; styles twice the length
of the stamens. t? . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of
Minas Geraes, near Tejuco. Petals obovate-oblong, glabrous.
Genista-like Turnera. Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
21 T. CHAM^EDKIFOLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 221.) leaves
oblong, acute, deeply toothed, glandless, pubescent on both sur-
faces, but especially beneath ; flowers on short peduncles ; styles
exceeding the stamens. I? . S. Native of Brazil, in that part
of the province of Minas Geraes called Minas Novas, on the
banks of the river Jiquitinhonha. Petals rose-coloured ?
Germander-leaved Turnera. Shrub £• to 1 foot.
22 T. PINNATIFIDA (Juss. in Poir. diet. 8. p. 144.) leaves
obovate-oblong, cuneated, toothed, or pinnatifid, glandless, hairy
or tomentose ; flowers pedunculate ; styles 3-times longer than
the stamens, purple. H . S. Native of Brazil, in the province
of Cisplatin, in pastures and fields. Petals scarlet, denticulated
at the apex.
Var. /3, angustiloba (D. C. prod. 3. p. 347.) stems diffuse ;
leaves hairy, pinnatifid : lobes narrow, acute ; flowers of a dirty
red or copper colour. *j . S. Native of Brazil, about Monte
Video, and in the province of Cisplatin.
Var. y, cdrnea (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 222.) stems ascending,
6 inches high ; leaves hairy, oblong-lanceolate, cuneated, deeply
toothed ; petals pale red, usually marked at the base with a dark
purple spot each ; filaments puberulous. f? . S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Cisplatin.
Pinnatifid -leaved Turnera. Shrub |- foot.
23 T. SETOSA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 6.) leaves obovate-
wedge-shaped, serrated or pinnatifid, very hairy on both sides,
without glands ; peduncles axillary, partly combined with the
footstalks ; outer calyx linear. 1? . S. Native of Monte Video
and Buenos Ayres. Flowers tawny, red.
Bristly Turnera. PL \ to | foot.
24 T. PUMILEA (Lin. amcen. 5. p. 395.) leaves broad-lanceo-
late, deeply serrated, hairy ; flowers sessile, propped by 2 linear
bracteas ; styles and stamens length of petals. Q. S. Native
of Jamaica, in arid fields. Swartz, obs. 116. — Sloane, jam. hist,
t. 127. f. 6.— Pumilea, no. 1. P. Browne, jam. 188. Stem
hardly 3 inches long. Plum. icon. t. 150. f. 1. Flowers small,
yellow.
Dwarf Turnera. Fl. July. Clt. 1796. PL i foot.
25 T. MICROPHY'LLA (D. C. prod. 3. p.' 347.) leaves oblong,
attenuated at the base, crenated, wrinkled, clothed with white
tomentum beneath; flowers sessile, bearing 2 linear, adpressed
bracteoles at the base. Jj . S. Native of St. Domingo. T.
pumilea, Poir. diet. 8. p. 143. but not of Swartz. Petiv. gaz.
t. 38. f. 9. T. diffusa, Willd. rel. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6.
p. 679. This plant differs from T. pumilea in the stem being
suffrutescent, nearly a foot high, and much branched. Perhaps
T. microphylla, Desv. in Hamilt. prod. p. 33. is referrible to this
plant.
Small-leaved Turnera. Shrub 1 foot.
§ 2. Peduncles distinct from the petioles, axillary. Flowers
bibracteolate.
26 T. RUPE'STRIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 289. t. 113. f. 1.) leaves
linear, serrated, glabrous, glandless ; flowers nearly sessile, bear-
ing 2 setaceous bracteoles at the base. lj • S. Native of
Guiana, in the fissures of humid rocks, at the river Sinemari.
Petals yellow, somewhat toothed at the apex, 3 lines long.
Flowers small.
Rock Turnera. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1824. Shrub 2 to 3 ft.
27 T. FRUTE'SCENS (Aubl. 1. c. p. 290. t. 113. f. 2. but not of
Mill.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated, equally serrated ; flowers
nearly sessile, bearing 2 sessile, lanceolate-linear bracteoles.
tj . S. Native of Guiana, in the fissures of rocks, on the banks
of the river Sinemari. Very like T. rupestris, but differs in the
leaves being broader, and in the serratures being more crowded.
Flowers small, yellow.
Var. /3, latifblia (D. C. prod. 3. p. 347.) leaves ovate, acute.
Jj . S. Native of Cayenne.
Shrubby Turnera. Shrub 5 to 8 feet.
28 T. TOMENTOSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 125.
but not of Willd.) leaves oblong, irregularly crenate-serrated,
pubescent above, but clothed with canescent tomentum beneath,
glandless at the base ; flowers sessile, with 6 stamens and 6
petals. Tj . S. Native of South America, in the province of
Venezuela. Styles hairy, about equal in length to the stamens.
Petals yellow.
Tomentose Turnera. Shrub 1 foot.
29 T. SIDOIDES (Lin. mant. p. 58.) leaves obovate-cuneated,
serrated, quite entire at the base, rather tomentose on both sur-
faces, pilose on the veins and margin beneath ; flowers on very
short pedicels ; bracteoles linear, hairy. Tj . ? S. Native of
Brazil. Habit of T. cistoides. Petals obovate, yellow.
Sida-like Turnera. Shrub ^ foot.
30 T. CARPINIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves oblong-
lanceolate, doubly serrated, puberulous, biglandular at the base ;
flowers on short pedicels ; bracteoles ovate, acuminated, serrated.
\) . S. Native on the humid banks of the river Orinoco, near
Maypures. T. acuta, Willd. rel. in Roem. et Schult. syst. 6.
p. 678. ex Kunth. Flowers yellow. According to Willd. the
flowers are petiolar ; if such be the case, the plant belongs to
the preceding section.
Hornebeam-leaved Turnera. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
31 T. DUARTEA'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 223.) leaves ovate,
TURNERACE.E. I. TURNERA.
69
PI. i to 1 foot.
FIG. 14.
,-5
obtuse, crenated, glandless, pubescent above, hairy, tomentose
beneath, white ; peduncles simple. J? . S. Native of Brazil,
in the western part of the province of Minas Geraes. Styles
shorter than the stamens. Petals 3-times longer than the calyx,
erose, or rounded at the apex, rose-coloured when dry. Brae-
teas small, deciduous.
Var. ft, rotundifolia (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves smaller, ovate-
roundish ; flowers yellow. This variety will perhaps constitute
a distinct species.
Duarte's Turners. Shrub 1 foot.
32 T. HELIANTHEMOIDES (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 224.) leaves oblong
or oblong-lanceolate, acutish, unequally denticulated, glandless,
pubescent above, but clothed with white tomentum beneath ;
flowers axillary ; peduncles simple ; bracteas small, deciduous.
Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the southern part of the province
of Goyaz, on the banks of the river Parahyba. Petals obovate.
Styles about equal in length to the stamens.
Sun-rose-like Turnera.
33 T. ROSE A (St. Hil. I.e. p.
225.) leaves linear-lanceolate, ob-
tuse, obsoletely denticulated, gla-
ndless, rather pilose on both sur-
faces ; pili rufescent ; peduncles
simple ; bracteas small, deci-
duous. Tj . S. Native of Brazil,
in the province of St. Paul, not
far from the town called Franca.
Petals rose-coloured, obovate,
erose at the apex. Styles twice
the length of the stamens.
./Jose-coloured Turnera. PI.
£ to 1 foot.
34 T. SID/EFOLIA (St. Hil. 1.
c. p. 227. t. 124.) leaves oblong,
obtuse, crenated, glandless, ra-
ther scabrous above, but clothed with hoary tomentum beneath ;
peduncles axillary, 1-2-flowered; bracteas small, subulate, to-
rnentose. f? . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas
Geraes, at a place called Aldea da boa Vista. Petals obovate,
obsoletely crenulated, yellow. Styles shorter than the stamens.
Sida-leaved Turnera. Shrub f to 1 foot.
35 T. AU'REA (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 226.) leaves oblong, narrowed
at the base, acute, or rounded at the apex, serrately toothed,
glandless, beset with golden hairs ; peduncles simple, articulated
in the middle. 17 . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of
Minas Geraes, near the town of St. Joao del Rey. Petals twice
or thrice the length of the calyx, cuneated at the base and
rounded at the apex, rose-coloured or flesh-coloured ; each
marked by a dark purple spot at the base. Styles shorter than
the younger stamens.
Go/rfen-haired Turnera. Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
§ 3. Flowers disposed in axillary and terminal racemes.
36 T. RACEMOSA (Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 94.) leaves oblong,
or oblong-lanceolate, acutish, unequally denticulated, glandless,
pubescent above, and clothed with white tomentum beneath ;
upper flowers leafless at the base, and i* ~refore disposed in a
terminal raceme; peduncles simple. O- S. Native of Brazil,
in the province of Minas Geraes, on the banks of the river
Jiquitinhonha; and of St. Domingo. Stem and peduncles hispid.
Petals ovate, yellow, furnished each with a small jagged append-
age on the inside at the base. Styles longer than the stamens.
Racemose-fioweted Turnera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1789.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
37 T. SALICIFOLIA (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 227.) leaves lanceolate,
acuminated, serrated, glandless, smoothish ; peduncles axillary,
d-
many- flowered. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro.
Petals obovate, striated, yellow, denticulated at the apex. Styles
about equal in length to the calyx.
Willow-leaved Turnera. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
38 T. CAPITA'TA (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 215.) leaves elliptic-oblong,
or oblong-lanceolate, acute, dentately serrated, nearly glandless,
pubescent above, and clothed with yellowish tomentum beneath ;
flowers sessile, forming a many-flowered head at the tops of the
branches. lj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas
Geraes, on the margins of woods near Poso Alto, not far from
the confines of the province of St. Paul, and on the iron moun-
tains near Nossa Snra da Concecao. Petals obovate-oblong,
pale yellow. Styles much shorter than the stamens.
Capitate-flowered Turnera. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
39 T. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 291. t. 114.) leaves
linear, acuminated, remotely serrated, biglandular at the base,
glabrous on both surfaces ; racemes terminal, few-flowered ;
pedicels leafless at the base, but bibracteolate under the calyx.
©. S. Native of Guiana, in moist meadows, and in the plains
of Caraccas. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 124. T.
Humboldtii, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 241. Glands small, sometimes
1-2, abortive. Bracteas glandular at the base, ex Aubl. Cap-
sule ovate, trigonal, 3 or few-seeded. Flowers yellow. Per-
haps Humboldt's plant is the same as that of Aublet.
Guiana Turnera. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
40 T. GLA'BRA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 347.) leaves linear, obtuse,
subserrated, narrowed at the base, glandless ; racemes few-
flowered ; pedicels rising from the axils of small linear leaves
and longer than them, articulated and bractless above the middle.
O- ? S. Native of St. Domingo. Stems erect, glabrous.
Flowers yellow ?
Glabrous Turnera, PI. 1 to 2 feet.
41 T. CISTOIDES (Lin. spec. 387.) leaves linear-lanceolate,
serrated, pubescent above, tomentose beneath, glandless at the
base ; racemes terminal, leafy ; pedicels rising from the axils of
lanceolate leaves, and shorter than them, articulated and bract-
less above the middle. 0. S. Native of South America, in
sterile places, Surinam, Jamaica, St. Domingo, Georgia, &c.
Sloan, jam. hist. 1. p. 127. f. 7. Plum, ed Burm. t. 150. f. 1.
Swartz. obs. 117. T. hirsuta, Bert. mss. Flowers small, yellow.
JKock-rose-like Turnera. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1774. Pl.ift.
42 T. A'SPERA (Poir. diet. 8. p. 144.) leaves elliptic, sessile,
a little toothed, pubescent above, and rather tomentose beneath,
glandular ; stem hardly pubescent, rough ; racemes leafy, ter-
minal ; pedicels rising from the axils of the leaves, and shorter
than them, articulated above the middle. 0. S. Native of
French Guiana. Flowers yellow. Perhaps a variety of T.
cistoldes or of Periqueta villosa.
Rough Turnera. PI. ^ foot.
•f Species not sufficiently known.
43 T. ODORA'TA (Rich, in act. soc. hist. nat. par. 1792. p.
107.) shrubby, much branched ; flowers small ; leaves ovate,
acute, toothed, tomentose. ^ . S. Native of Cayenne. Flowers
yellow ?
Sweet-scented Turnera. Shrub.
44 T. HIRTA (Willd. rel. in Roam, et Schult. syst. 5. p. 678.)
leaves linear- lanceolate, unequal, bluntly serrated, clothed with
stellate tomentum on both surfaces ; flowers axiilary, solitary ;
stem branched, hairy. ©. S. Native of Brazil. Flowers
yellow.
Hairy Turnera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. | to 1 ft.
45 T. BRAZILIE'NSIS (Willd. rel. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, quite
entire, clothed with hispid pubescence ; flowers axillary, sessile,
aggregate, f? . S. Native of Brazil. Leaves biglandular at
the base, ex Spreng.
70
TURNERACE^E. I. TURNERA. II. PIRIQUETA. FOUQUIERACE^E. I. FOUO.UIERA. II. BRONNIA.
Brazilian Turnera. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. PI. | to 1 ft.
46 T. INTEGRIFOLIA (Willd. rel. 1. c.) peduncles 1-flowered,
axillary ; leaves linear-lanceolate, pubescent, glandless. — Native
country unknown. Leaves revolute, sessile, strigose above, but
clothed with stellate tomentum beneath. Peduncles branched,
bractless. (ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 942.) .
Entire-leaved Turnera. PL ?
47 T. VIRGA'TA (Willd. rel. 1. c.) leaves ovate, serrated, pli-
cate, biglandular at the base ; flowers bibracteate ; bracteas
linear-setaceous. Q- S. Native of Brazil.
Twiggy Turnera. PI. -| to 1 foot.
48 T. CORCHORIFOLIA (Willd. rel. 1. c.) leaves oblong, doubly
serrated, tomentose beneath. O- S. Native of Brazil. The
rest unknown.
Corchorus-leaved Turnera. PI. -| to 1 foot?
49 T. DESVAU'XII (D.C. prod. 3. p. 348.) stem suffruticose,
branched ; branches assurgent, hairy ; leaves ovate, obtuse, cre-
nately toothed at the base, rather pilose beneath ; flowers axil-
lary, on long peduncles. — Native of Guiana. T. hirta, Desv.
in Hamilt. prod. p. 33. but not of Willd.
Desvaux's Turnera. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. All the species of Turnera are elegant plants when in
flower, and thrive well in any light rich soil. They seed freely
in this country, and may be propagated by that means : cuttings
also root freely, under a hand-glass, in heat. The seeds of
annual species may be reared on a hot-bed in spring ; and some
of the plants may be planted out into the open border, in a warm
sheltered situation, where they will probably flower and ripen
their seeds, if the summer prove dry and warm.
II. PIRIQUE'TA (meaning not explained by Aublet). Aubl.
guian. 1. p. 298. t. 117. Juss. gen. 294. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 127. D. C. prod. 3. p. 348. — Burghartia,
Neck. elem. no. 1186. — Burcardia, Scop, ex Schreb. gen. no.
530. but not of Schmied. nor Duham. nor Neck, nor R. Br.
— Turnera species, Lam. and Willd.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Tri-Hexagy'nia. Calyx campanu-
late. Style 6, or 3 bipartite ones ; stigmas multifid, flabellate.
Capsule 3-valved from the apex to the base. Perhaps this
genus is sufficiently distinct from the preceding. Habit of Tur-
nera racemosa, but which plant is only furnished with 3 styles,
not 6. Flowers pedicellate, in the axils of the upper leaves.
Pedicels bractless, articulated above the middle.
1 P. VILLOSA ( Aubl. 1. c.) leaves ovate-oblong, erosely toothed,
wrinkled, clothed with rufous villi. Q. S. Native of Guiana,
in sand by the sea-side. Turnera rugosa, Willd. spec. 1. p.
1504. Poir. diet. 8. p. 145. Turnera villosa, Raeusch. Co-
rolla yellow.
Villous Piriqueta. PI. 2 feet.
2 P. TOMENTOSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 128.)
leaves oblong, acutish at both ends, irregularly crenate-serrated,
pubescent above, clothed with soft hoary tomentum beneath.
O- S. Native of South America, between Atures and May-
pures, on the Orinoco. Turnera tomentosa, Willd. rel. in
Rcem. etSchultes, syst. 6. p. 678. but not of H. B. et Kunth,
Corolla yellow.
Tomentose Piriqueta. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. The culture and propagation of these plants are the
same as for the annual species of Turnera, see p. 70.
ORDER CIX. FOUQUIERA'CE^E (plants agreeing with
Fouc/uiera in important characters). D. C. prod. 3. p. 349. —
Portulaceis affines, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 81.
Calyx of 5 permanent sepals ; sepals imbricated, ovate or
roundish. Petals 5, combined into a tube, inserted in the bottom
of the calyx or torus ; limb of corolla 5-lobed, regular. Sta-
mens 10-12, inserted with the corolla, exserted ; anthers 2-
celled. Ovarium free, sessile. Style filiform, trifid at the
apex. Capsule trigonal, 3-celled ; valves bearing dissepiments in
their middle, which go as far as the centre of the fruit, and there-
fore the capsule is 3-celled. Seeds compressed, winged, fixed
to the centre of the fruit or axis, few when the capsule is
mature, but numerous when it is in a young state. Embryo
straight, in the centre of a fleshy albumen, with flat cotyledons.
— Trees or shrubs, natives of Mexico. Leaves in fascicles
when young, in the axils of spines or cushions, quite entire,
oblong, and rather fleshy. Flowers scarlet, disposed in a ter-
minal spike or panicle.
This order is separated from Portulacece by De Candolle, as
he tells us, (Mem. portul. p. 4.) for the following reasons : first,
because their petals cohere into a long tube, of the same nature
as that of gamopetalous Crassulacece ; second, because their
capsule consists of 3 loculicidal cells, that is to say, which
separate through the middle, forming 3 septiferous valves ; and
thirdly, because their embryo is straight, with flat cotyledons,
and stationed in the centre of a fleshy albumen. They approach
the monopetalous Crassulacece in the structure of their flowers ;
and Turneracece and Loasece in the form of their fruit.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 FOUQUIE'RA. Sepals ovate, mucronate, free, 2 exterior
and 3 interior. Limb of corolla spreadingly reflexed. Stamens
10-12, hypogynous.
2 BRONNIA. Sepals roundish; limb of corolla erect. Sta-
mens 10.
I. FOUQUIERA (in honour of Peter Edward Fouquiere,
M. D. of Paris, and Professor of Medicine there). H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 81. t. 527. D. C. prod. 3. p. 349.
— Echeveria species, Moc. et Sesse, icon. ined.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx coloured ; sepals
ovate, mucronate, 2 exterior and 3 interior, free. Corolla
hypogynous ; tube cylindrical, a little arched ; limb spreadingly
reflexed, nearly regular. Stamens 10-12, hypogynous, ex-
serted ; filaments ciliated below, and cohering together ; an-
thers cordate. Ovulas 18, on each placenta, in 2 rows. Fruit
unknown. A somewhat spinose shrub. Spikes terminal, erect.
Flowers scarlet. Leaves oblong, rather fleshy.
1 F. FORMOSA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.). ^ . S. Native of
Mexico. Echeveria spicata, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined.
Flowers flesh-coloured, an inch long. Leaves scattered, accord-
ing to Kunth's figure ; but according to the figure in the fl. mex.
they are a little narrower and in fascicles : therefore the 2 figures
mentioned are very unlike each other.
Showy Fouquiera. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
Cult. A light rich soil will suit this very showy shrub ; and
young cuttings will root freely under a hand-glass, in heat.
II. BRO'NNIA (in honour of Henry George Bronn, a young
botanist, who has written on the form of leguminous plants). H.B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 83. t. 528. D. C. prod. 3.
p. 349. — Echeveria species, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent ;
sepals 5, roundish. Tube of corolla cylindrical, straight ; limb
FOUQUIERACE^E. II. BRONNIA. PORTULACEjE.
71
erect. Stamens 10 ; filaments filiform, exserted ; anthers ovate.
Style exceeding the stamens. Cells of fruit 1-seeded when
mature. A spinose shrub, with fascicles of obovate-oblong,
membranous leaves in the axils of the spines. Flowers panicled,
scarlet. It differs from the last genus in the placentas being
drawn in more to the centre of the fruit.
1 B. spiNdsA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.). Tj . S. Native of
Mexico. Echeveria paniculata, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon,
ined. Fouquiera spinosa, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 452. Cantua spin6sa, Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4.
p. 369.
Spiny Bronnia. Tree 12 to 14 feet.
Cult. See Fouquiera, p. 70. for culture and propagation.
ORDER CX. PORTULA'CE^E (plants agreeing in impor-
tant characters with Portulaca). Juss. gen. p. 313. exclusive
of some genera. B.C. fl. fr. ed. S. vol. 4. p. 398. prod. 3. p.
351. St. Hil. pi. lib. p. 42.
Calyx free, or somewhat adnate to the very base of the ova-
rium (f. 15. a. f. f. 18. a.), usually of 2 sepals (f. 16. a. f. 18. a.),
seldom of 3 or 5 (f.20. a.), cohering at the base. Petals usually
5 (f. 15. b. f. 17. &.), but sometimes 3-4-6, very rarely wanting
altogether, either distinct (f. 18. 6.), or cohering into a short
tube at the base (f. 1 5. b.), alternating with the sepals when the
number is equal. Stamens inserted along with the petals, irre-
gularly into the base of the calyx, and sometimes perhaps in the
torus, variable in number in the species of the same genus, all
fertile ; filaments distinct, adnate to the base of the petals (f.
15. g.), and usually opposite them where the number is equal ;
anthers ovate, 2-celled, opening lengthwise, versatile (f. 18. c.).
Ovarium one, usually roundish (f. 15. e.), 1-celled (f. 15. /.).
Style sometimes single, filiform, cleft into numerous stigmas
at the apex (f. 15. c.) ; sometimes wanting or nearly so; when
this is the case the stigmas are distinct (f. 17. c.), and rise
in numbers from the top of the ovarium. Capsule 1-celled,
opening either transversely (f. 15./.), or by the 3 valves from
the base to the apex ; but they are also occasionally 1-seeded
and indehiscent. Seeds numerous when the fruit is dehiscent,
attached to the central placenta (f. 15. /.). Albumen farina-
ceous. Embryo curved round the circumference of the albu-
men, with a long radicle, and oblong cotyledons. — Fleshy
shrubs or herbs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, entire,
usually succulent, without stipulas, or sometimes with membra-
nous ones on each side of the petioles. Flowers axillary or ter-
minal, usually expanding in the sun, and of short duration.
The 1-seeded genera of this order agree in character with the
order Paronychiece, and the apetalous genera with the order
Ficoidece. This order is related in nearly every point of view to
Caryophyllece, from which they scarcely kirt'er except in their
>erigynous stamens, which are opposite the petals when equal to
hem in number, and two sepals ; the latter character is not,
lowever, very constant. The presence of scarious stipulas in
several Portulacece, although perhaps an anomaly in the order,
ndicates their affinity with Paronychiece, from which the mono-
ipermous genera of Portulacece are distinguished by the want of
symmetry in their flowers, and by the stamens being opposite
:he petals, instead of the sepals. So close is the relationship
between these orders, that several of the genus Ginginsia in Por-
tulacece have been referred to Pharnaceum in Caryophyllece, and
several Portulacece have been described by authors as belonging
to genera of Paronychiece. De Candolle remarks, that his Gin-
ginsia brevicaulis resembles certain species of Androsace, and
that Portulacece have been more than once compared to Primu-
lacece (mem. p. 14.), and the same author remarks in his prod.
3. p. 351. that the genera with definite stamens, and hairy
axillae approach Cdctece, while the apetalous genera tend towards
apetalous Ficoidece.
Insipidity, want of smell, and a dull green colour, are the
usual qualities of this order, of which the only species of any
known use are common Purslane and Claytbnia perfolidta, which
resemble each other in properties.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 TRIA'NTHEMA. Sepals 5, concrete at the base, coloured.
Petals wanting. Stamens 5, rarely 10 or more. Styles or
stigmas 1-2, rarely 3. Capsule opening transversely.
2 CYPSE'LEA. Calyx campanulate, 5-parted, coloured. Petals
none. Stamens 2-3. Style hardly any, bipartite, or probably 2
stigmas. Capsule opening transversely.
3 PORTULA'CA. Calyx bipartite (f. 15. a.), at length falling
off. Petals 4-6, equal (f. 15. 6.), free or concrete at the base.
Stamens 8-15 (f. 15. §•.). Style one, 3-6 cleft at the apex (f. 15.
c.) ; or style wanting, and the stigmas 3-8 elongated. Cap-
sule opening transversely (f. 15./.).
4 GRAHA'MIA. Calyx of 2 white permanent sepals, girded by
8-9 bracteas. Petals 5, obovate. Stamens numerous, united at
the very base. Style 1 ; stigmas 4-5, revolute. Capsule 1-
celled, 5-valved, many-seeded. Seeds compressed, winged.
5 ANACA'MPSEROS. Sepals 2 (f. 16. a.), cohering at the base.
Petals 5 (f. 16. 6.), very fugaceous. Stamens 15-20 (f. 16. c.).
Style filiform, trifid at the apex (f. 16. d.). Capsule conical, 3-
valved (f. 16. c.). Seeds winged.
6 TALI'NUM. Sepals 2 (f. 17. a.), deciduous. Petals 5 (f.
17. b,\ free or somewhat concrete at the base. Stamens 10-20.
Style filiform, 3-cleft at the apex (f. 17. c.). Capsule 3-valved.
Seed wingless.
7 LEWISIA. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 9-12. Stamens 12-
1 6, hypogynous. Style deeply 6-parted, with the segments fili-
form, and the stigmas obtuse.
8 CALANDRI'NIA. Calyx 2-parted (f. 18. a.). Petals 3-5 (f.
18. 6.), free or rather connate at the base. Stamens 4-15 (f. 18.
c.). Style one, very short, tripartite at the apex (f. 18. c.);
lobes clavate. Capsule oblong-elliptic, 3-valved. Seeds wing-
less.
9 PORTULACA'RIA. Calyx of 2 sepals, membranous. Petals
5, permanent. Stamens 5, or probably 10, 5 of which are abor-
tive. Style wanting; stigmas 3, spreading, glandular. Fruit
triquetrous, winged, indehiscent, 1-seeded.
10 U'LLUCUS. Sepals 2, coloured, deciduous. Petals 5, con-
nected into a very short tube at the base. Stamens 5, short.
Style filiform ; stigma simple. Capsule 1-celled, 1-seeded.
72
PORTULACE.E. I. TRIANTHEMA.
11 CLAYTONIA. Sepals 2 (f. 19. a. f. 20. a.), permanent.
Petals 5, unguiculated (f. 19. b. f. 20. 6.) ; claws connate at the
base. Stamens 5 (f. 20. d.). Style one, trifid at the apex (f.
1 9. c. f. 20. c.) ; lobes stigmatose inside. Capsule 3-vaIved (f.
20. c.), 3-seeded.
12 MO'NTIA. Calyx of 2, rarely of 3 sepals. Petals 5,
rather connate at the base, 3 of which are a little smaller than
the rest. Stamens usually 3 in front of the smaller petals,
making 9, very rarely 3-4. Capsule 3-valved, 3-seeded.
13 LEPTRI'NA. Calyx 3-parted. Petals wanting. Stamens 3.
Styles 3, short, acute. Capsule 3-valved, 3-seeded.
14 COLOBA'NTHUS. Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals wanting. Sta-
mens 4-6. Stigmas 4-5. Capsule 4-7-valved, many-seeded.
15 GINGI'NSIA. Calyx 5-parted, permanent, petaloid on the
margins and in the inside. Petals wanting. Stamens 5. Ova-
rium girded by a 5-lobed fleshy scale. Capsule 3-valved, many-
seeded.
16 AYLME'RIA. Calyx 2-parted, coloured. Petals 5. Sta-
mens 10, membranous, connected into a hypogynous tube, the
5 inner ones abortive. Style one, crowned by a depressed capi-
tate stigma. Capsule bladdery, membranous, valveless. Seeds
numerous in the bottom of the cell.
17 HYDROPY'XIS. Calyx 5-parted, permanent. Corolla un-
equally 5-lobed. Stamens 4, 2 long and 2 short, inserted in the
corolla. Ovarium superior. Style simple, crowned by a 3-lobed,
capitate stigma. Capsule triangular, 1 -celled, many-seeded,
opening transversely.
I. TRIA'NTHEMA (from rptie, trels, three, and cu/Sue, an-
thos, a flower ; flowers are usually disposed by threes). Sauv.
meth. fol. p. 127. Lin. gen. no. 537. B.C. prod. 3. p. 351. —
Zaleya, Burm. fl. ind. p. 110. — Rocama and Papularia, Forsk.
desc. 69. et 71.
LIN. SYST. Pent-Decdndria, Monogynia. Sepals 5, perma-
nent, connected together at the base, rather coloured on the in-
side, and mucronated under the apex. Petals wanting. Sta-
mens 5-10, rarely more, distinct, inserted in the bottom of the
calyx ; anthers kidney-shaped. Ovarium ovate. Styles or
stigmas filiform, 1-2, rarely 3. Capsule opening transversely
below the middle ; the upper valve, which separates like a lid,
is hollow, and contains a seminiferous cell ; therefore both cells
are either simple, or of two divisions, one or few-seeded. — More
or less fleshy herbs, which are sometimes sufFruticose at the base.
Leaves opposite, quite entire, petiolate. Petioles dilated into a
stipula-formed membrane on both sides. Flowers axillary, ses-
sile, usually by threes.
SECT. I. ZALE' YA (meaning not explained by Burmann). Burm.
fl. ind. p. 110. D. C. prod. 3. p. 352. Stamens 10 or more.
1 T. POLYA'NDRA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1137.) stems herbaceous,
procumbent ; branches terete ; leaves linear, obtuse ; flowers
pedunculate, solitary, polyandrous, trigynous. Tf.. S. Native
of Batavia, in bogs.
Polyandrous Trianthema. PI. cr.
2 T. GOVINDIA (Ham. ex Wall. cat. no. 6838.) stems sufFru-
ticose, trailing ; leaves opposite, elliptic, emarginate at the apex ;
those opposite each other of unequal size ; flowers axillary, ag-
gregate, sessile. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies, in Mungger.
Plant glaucous. The number of stamens and styles unknown.
Govindia Trianthema. Shrub prostrate.
3 T. DECA'NDRA (Lin. mant. p. 70.) stem herbaceous, gla-
brous, diffuse, terete ; leaves elliptic, acute. O- F. Native of
the East Indies. Zaleya decandra, Burm. 1. c. t. 31. f. 3. Pe-
tioles furnished at the base on both sides with a broad mem-
brane. Flowers on short pedicels, disposed in fascicles in the
axils. Sepals mucronate at the apex. Stamens 10-12. Styles 2.
Decandrous Trianthema. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1762. PI. tr.
4 T. TRI'QUETRA (Rottl. et Willd. in nov. act. nat. berol. 4.
p. 1 80.) stem herbaceous, dichotomous, branched ; branches
compressedly triquetrous ; leaves somewhat spatulate, petiolate ;
flowers axillary, sessile. — Native on the coast of Coromandel.
Structure of flower unknown.
Triquetrous Trianlhema. PI. diffuse.
5 T. HUMIFU'SA (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 389.) stems frutescent,
trailing, terete ; leaves lanceolate, attenuated at both ends. fj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Konde Bokeveldt.
Stamens 10, alternate ones shorter. Thunberg in his prodro-
mus says the flowers are monogynous, but in his flora he says
they are digynous.
Var. /3; stamens 10, one-half shorter than the calyx, fixed by
pairs to the base of the calycine segments. — Native of the Cape
of Good Hope, at Hex River.
Trailing Trianthema. Shrub tr.
6 T. A'NCEPS (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 399.) stem frutescent, dif-
fuse, 2-edged ; leaves lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, acu-
minated. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stamens
10. Style 1, very short.
Two-edged-stemmed Trianthema. Shrub diffuse.
SECT. II. ROCA'MA (Rokama is the Arabic name of T. pen-
tdndra). Forsk. descript. p. 71. D. C. prod. S. p. 352. Sta-
mens 5.
7 T. PENTA'NDRA (Lin. mant. p. 70.) stem rough from vel-
vety hairs ; leaves elliptic, obtuse, flowers crowded in the axils
of the leaves, y. . (ex Forsk.) ^. (ex Lin.) Native of Arabia.
Rocama digyna, Forsk. 1. c. Rocama Arabica, Gmel. syst. 1.
p. 455. Pluk. phyt. t. 120. f. 3. ex Lin. T. pentandra,
Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 213. t. 128. f. 5. Lam. ill. t. 375. f. 2. Sta-
mens 5. Styles 2. Perhaps 2 species are here confused, the
stems being, according to Linnaeus, erect and shrubby, and
according to Forskal annual and prostrate.
Var. ft, obcordata (D. C. prod. 3. p. 352.) leaves obovate,
bluntly emarginate at the apex. — Native of the East Indies. T.
obeordata, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 34.
Pentandrous Trianthema. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. pr.
8 T. MONOGYNA (Lin. mant. p. 69.) stem herbaceous, diffuse,
dichotomous, branched, glabrous ; leaves oval, obtuse, opposite,
one of them smaller than the other ; flowers axillary, sessile,
bibracteolate. O- S. Native of Jamaica, Curassoa, and Mexico.
D. C. pi. grass, t. 109. Lam. ill. t. 375. f. 1. T. portulacas-
trum, Sauv. meth. p. 127. Lin. spec. 635. T. procumbens,
Mill. — Pluk. aim. t. 95. f. 4. Stamens usually 5, alternating
with the sepals, but sometimes 1 0. Styles 1 or 2. Lower cell
of capsule about 4-seeded : upper one 1 -seeded.
Monogynous Trianthema. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1710. PI. pr.
9 T. CRYSTA'LLINA (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 32.) stem shrubby,
diffuse, terete, glabrous, papulose ; leaves linear or lanceolate,
opposite, one of them smaller than the other ; flowers crowded,
axillary, fj . G. Native of Arabia and the East Indies. Pa-
pularia crystalline, Forsk. desc. p. 69. Stamens alternating with
the petals. Style 1.
Icy Trianthema. Shrub diffuse.
Cult. The seeds of the species of Trianthema require to be
sown on a hot-bed in spring ; and about the end of May they
may be planted out in the open border in a warm sheltered situ-
ation, where they will probably flower and seed. Some are said
PORTULACE^E. II. CYPSELEA. III. PORTULACA.
73
to be shrubby, these it will be requisite to treat as other stove
plants ; and cuttings of them will be easily rooted.
II. CYPSE'LEA (from Kv\f*e\r), kypsele, a bee-hive ; in refer-
ence to the form of the capsule). Turp. in ann. mus. 7. p. 219.
t. 121. f. 5. D. C. prod. 3. p. 353.— Radiana, Rafin. speech. 1.
p. 88.
LIN. SYST. Di-Triandria, Digynia. Calyx campanulate,
permanent, coloured, 5-parted; lobes obtuse, 2 of which are
smaller than the other 3. Corolla wanting. Stamens 2-3, in-
serted in the calyx and alternating with its lobes (ex Turp.), or
opposite the smaller lobes (ex Rafin.). Ovariutn free, 1-celled
Style hardly any, 2-parted, or stigmas 2. Capsule 1-celled,
many-seeded, opening transversely. Seeds fixed to an oval,
central placenta, very small, and very numerous. — Herbs, na-
tives of St. Domingo, with the habit of Montia or Crypto,,
rather succulent, annual, and glabrous. Leaves opposite, obo-
vate ; petioles widened into a stipule-formed, jagged membrane.
Flowers axillary, small, greenish, solitary, on short pedicels.
1 C. HOMiFtfsA (Turp. 1. c.). O- S. Native of St. Do-
mingo. Tratt. obs. hot. 2. p. 41. t. 72. Radiana petiolata,
Rafin. 1. c. Millegrana Surian, in herb. Juss.
Trailing Cypselia. PI. tr.
Cult. Sow the seeds thinly in a pot, and place them in a
hot-bed, or in a stove, with a pan of water under the pot. Not
worth growing, except in a botanic garden.
III. PORTULA'CA (from porto, to carry, and lac, milk ;
plants milky). Tourn. inst. t. 118. Adans. fam. 2. p. 242.
Juss. gen. p. 312. — Portulaca species of Lin. — Meridiana, Lin.
et Schrank. — Lemia, Vand. in Rcem. script, p. 116. t. 7. f. 15.
— Merida, Neck.
LIN. SYST. Octo-Dodecdndria, Monogynia. Calyx free from
or adhering to the ovariumat the very base, bipartite (f. 15. a.),
at length cut round about at the base, and falling off. Petals
4-6 (f. 15. 6.), equal, distinct, or joined together at the very
base, inserted in the calyx. Stamens 8 (f. 15. g.) -15 ; fila-
ments free, sometimes adnate to the bottom of the corolla (f.
15. g.). Ovarium roundish. Style 1 (f. 15. d.), 3-6-cleft at
the apex (f. 15. c.), or the style is wanting; but in this case,
the stigmas are 3-8 and elongated. Capsule sub-globose (f. 15.
y.), 1-celled, opening transversely in the middle. Seeds nu-
merous, fixed to a central placenta (f. 15. /.). — Humble fleshy
herbs. Leaves scattered, quite entire, thick, usually bearing
hairs in the axils, crowded, or somewhat verticillated about the
flowers. Flowers expanding from 9 till 12 o'clock in the morn-
ing, if the sun shine, otherwise they remain closed. — This is a
heterogeneous genus, and probably divisible, but easily distin-
guished by the capsule opening transversely.
* Flowers yellow. Axils of leaves naked.
1 P. OLERA'CEA (Lin. spec. p. 638.) leaves wedge-shaped,
fleshy; axils and joints naked ; flowers sessile. Q. H. Native
nearly throughout the whole world. D. C. pi. grass, t. 123.
Schkuhr. handb. t. 130. Petals concrete at the base. Stamens
10-12, adnate to the corolla. Style wat.uig. Stigmas 5, elon-
gated. Perhaps specifically distinct from the following varieties.
— Blackw. icon. t. 287.
Var. a, sylvestris (D. C. prod. 3. p. 353.) stem and branches
prostrate and trailing. 0. H. Native of Europe, in cultivated
fields ; and very common in Java (ex Blum.) ; in North Ame-
rica, about Norway House, and banks of the Hill river (Hook).
Smith, fl. grsec. 457. Lob. icon. t. 388. P. oleracea, Haw.
misc. p. 126. syn. p. 122.
Var. fl, saliva (D.C. prod. 3. p. 353.) stems diffuse ; branches
erectish. O- H. Native of South America, and now cultivated
in some parts of Europe. P. domestica, Lob. icon. p. 388. P.
VOL. in.
saliva, Haw. misc. p. 136. syn. 122. P. latifolia, Horn. hort.
hafn. 2. p. 491. There is a variety of this with green leaves
(P. viridis, Hortul.), and yellowish leaves (P. aurea, Hortul.).
The young shoots and succulent leaves are esteemed cooling,
and are used in spring and summer as an ingredient in salads,
and as pot-herbs and pickles. The plant was formerly in much
more request than at present. Both the green and yellow-
leaved sorts are raised from seed, and for a bed 4 feet by 4 feet,
sown either broadcast or in drills, 9 inches apart, one-eighth of
an ounce will suffice. " Each variety is somewhat tender ; the
green, which is usually preferred, is perhaps rather the hardiest.
An early crop may be sown in February or March, on a mo-
derate hot-bed ; the plants will require the aid of a gentle heat
till the middle of May, when the seed may be sown in a warm
border. If a continued succession is required, sow every month
during summer, till August, or while the plant can be raised ;
generally in small drills, from 3-6 inches asunder. The plants
will soon come up ; they should remain where sown. In very
dry hot weather, water thrice a-week. The shoots may be
gathered for use when they are from 2-5 inches in height, and
are well furnished with leaves. Cut them off low, and the
bottom part will soon sprout out again. When seed is required,
leave some of the first open border plants to run ; they will
give ripe seed in autumn."
Cultivated or Common Purslane. Fl. Aug. Sept. CIt. 1582.
PI. prostrate or erect.
2 P. PARVIFOLIA (Haw. syn. p. 122.) leaves cuneiform, mi-
nute, fleshy ; stem much branched, prostrate ; flowers sessile,
or on long peduncles. 0. H. Native of Jamaica. Probably
only a variety of P. saliva, but the plant is much smaller, and
the leaves are 10-times smaller.
Small-leaved Purslane. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1799. PI. pr.
* * Flowers yellow. Axils of leaves or joints pilose.
3 P. FOLIOSA (Ker. bot. reg. 793.) stem diffuse; branches
erect ; leaves subulate ; flowers solitary at the tops or in the
forks of the branches, surrounded by white hairs and a many-
leaved involucrum ; petals retuse or a little emarginate. Q. F.
Native of Guinea, near Accra. P. Guineensis, Spreng. There
is a plant figured in fl. mex. of Moc. et Sesse, called by them
P. stelliformis, a native of Mexico, which is very like this spe-
cies. Flowers small, yellow.
Leafy Purslane. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. PI. i to \ ft.
4 P. SUFFRUTICOSA (Wight, ex Wall. cat. 6842.) shrubby,
branched ; leaves linear, nearly terete, glabrous or downy ; flow-
ers solitary at the tops of the branches. Jj.D. S. Native of the
East Indies. Flowers surrounded by a whorl of leaves.
Suffruticose Purslane. Fl. Ju. Jul. Shrub 1 foot.
5 P. LANUGiN6sA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 74.)
stems procumbent, branched ; leaves terete, obtuse, upper ones
in whorles ; flowers in clusters of 2-5, surrounded by soft hairs ;
petals obovate-spatulate, obtuse. ©. F. Native of South
America, on the banks of the Amazon. Style 1 ; 3-5 -cleft at
the apex. Petals 4-5, yellow.
Woolly Purslane. PI. pr.
6 P. MARGINA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 72.) stems rather
dichotomous ; leaves cuneately spatulate, rounded at the apex,
subverticillate, obsoletely veined, margined with red; axils
hairy; flowers 5-7 in each head, involucrated. ©. F. Native
near Caraccas, in Venezuela. Said to be allied to P. oleracea.
Flowers yellow.
Margined-leaved Purslane. PI. pr.
7 P. LARCOTTEA'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 190.) stem suf-
fruticose at the base, pilose in the axils of the leaves ; leaves
lanceolate, flattish, narrowed at the base, acute, longer than the
hairs ; flowers crowded at the tops of the branches ; petals ob-
74,
PORTULACE^E. III. PORTULACA.
FIG. 15.
cordate, mucronulate, shorter than the calyx. T? . S. Native
of Brazil, in that part of the province of Minas Geraes called
Minas Novas, near Nossa Snzra da Penha. Flowers yellow,
surrounded by hairs and crowded leaves.
Laruotte's Purslane. Shrub | to J foot.
8 P. HALiMoloEs (Lin. spec. 639.) stem erect, diffuse, corym-
bose at the apex ; leaves oblong, fleshy, crowded about the
flowers at the tops of the branches ; flowers surrounded by
dense villi. Q. F. Native of Jamaica. Sloane, jam. hist. 1.
p. 205. 1. 129. f. 3. P. Browne, jam. p. 206. Lun. hort. jam.
2. p. 108. Petals connected at the base. Stamens 8-10. Style
3-5-parted.
Halimum-like Purslane. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1 823. PI. £ ft.
9 P. RUBRICAU'LIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 73.)
stems ascending, corymbosely branched above ; leaves lanceo-
late, acute, nerveless ; upper leaves in whorles ; axils pilose ;
flowers 4-8, crowded into a head. O- F. Native of South
America, in sandy places and on dry mountains on the sea-shore
near Laguna. Petals 5, obovate-oblong, emarginate, orange-
coloured. Stamens 27-30. Style 6-8-cleft. Said to be allied
to P. halimoid.es.
Red-stemmed Purslane. PI. ascending -j foot.
10 P. HIRSUT1SSIMA (St. Hil.
fl. bras. 2. p. 121. t. 114.) stem
suffruticose at the base, pilose at
the axils of the leaves ; leaves
approximate, oblong-lanceolate,
flattish, tapering to both ends,
acute, shorter than the hairs ;
flowers crowded at the tops of
the branches ; petals obcordate,
mucronulate, a little longer than
the calyx. Tj . S. Native of
Brazil, in that part of the pro-
vince of Minas Geraes called
Minas Novas, near Bom-Tim and
Nossa Snra da Penha, and also
near Tejuco. Flowers yellow,
surrounded by a whorl of the
upper leaves and axillary hairs.
Very hairy Purslane. Shrub -j to | foot.
11 P. MUCRONA'TA (Link, enum. hort. berol. 2. p. 2.) stem
erect ; leaves obversely oblong, with a short taper point ; floral
leaves 8, constituting an involucrum ; axils pilose ; flowers ter-
minal, sessile. ©.P. Native country unknown.
M«crona<e-leaved Purslane. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1 822. PI. i to ^ ft.
12 P. QUADRiriDA (Lin. mant. p. 78.) stem prostrate ; joints
pilose ; leaves elliptic-oblong, fleshy, flat ; flowers terminal,
sessile, quadrifid. Q. H. Native of Egypt, Arabia, and India.
Jacq. coll. 2. p. 356. t. 17. f. 2. P. linifolia, Forsk. descr. p.
92. Illecebrum verticillatum, Burm. fl. ind. p. 66. Stems
red. Flowers small, yellow. Petals 4, rarely 5, joined a little
way at the base. Stamens 8, rarely more. Stigmas 4.
Var. ft, Meridiana (D. C. prod. 3. p. 354.) flowers usually
tetrandrous. O- H. Native of the East Indies. P. Meri-
diana, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 248. Nelatsjira, Rheed. mal. 10. t. 31.
and Roxb. There is hardly any difference between this and P.
quadrifidn. Flowers surrounded by wool and 4 leaves, like
those of P. quadrifida.
Quadrifd-Qowered Purslane. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1773 ; ft
in 1791. PI. prostrate.
* Flowers purple ; axils pilose, or perhaps sometimes naked.
13 P. PILOSA (Lin. spec. 639.) stem diffuse ; joints beset with
long hairs ; leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate, convex on the
back, bluish, about equal in length to the axillary hairs ; floral
leaves in whorles ; flowers crowded at the tops of the branches,
sessile, surrounded by long hairs ; petals ovate, acutish, a little
longer than the calyx. 0.F. Native of South America, about
Curassoa, in Brazil, Martinico, Jamaica, &c. in sandy places
near the sea. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 212. t. 128. f. 4. Haw. misc.
p. 137. Ker. bot. reg. 792. — Wolk. norib. 341. with a figure.
Herm. par. 215. Comm. hort. amst. 1. t. 5. Flowers 5-
parted, pale purple, expandingfrom 10-12 o'clock in the morning,
if the sun is out. Stamens about 20. Root tuberous.
Var. ft, setacea (D. C. prod. 3. p. 354.) leaves subulate ; stems
erectish. O- F. Native along with the species. P. setacea,
Haw. misc. 159. Herm. par. 214. with a figure. Pluk. phyt.
t. 246. f. 6. and 105. f. 4. Flowers purple.
Pilose Purslane. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1690. PI. £ to | foot.
14 P. LANA'TA (Rich. act. soc. hist. nat. par. 1792. p. 109.)
stems diffuse ; leaves linear-sublanceolate, flat ; hairs of the
axillae and joints longer than the leaves; flowers terminal, sur-
rounded by hairs and a whorle of leaves. O- F. Native of
Cayenne. Petals red, obcordate. Stamens 15 and more. Per-
haps only a variety of P. pilosa.
Woolly Purslane. PI. £ to £ foot.
15 P. PILOSISSIMA (Hook, bot. misc. 2. p. 221.) plant annual?
small ; stems branched, decumbent ; leaves terete, oblong ;
fascicles of hairs twice or thrice longer than the leaves. Q. H.
Native of Peru, at Yazo, in the valley of Canta. The flowers
are concealed by long white solitary tufts of hairs. It comes
nearest to the P. lanata, Rich.
Very pilose. Purslane. PI. -j to ^ foot.
16 P. UMBRAiicoLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p.
72.) stems branched ; axils sparingly pilose ; leaves scattered,
lanceolate, acute, veiny ; flowers twin ? on very short pedun-
cles, terminal. Q. F. Native of New Andalusia, near Cu-
mana and Bordones. Flowers 5 -parted, rose-coloured. Stamens
12. Style 4-cleft.
Shaded Purslane. PI. | to | foot.
17 P. PUSILLA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) stems branched ; axils
naked? leaves scattered, elliptic, nerveless, rounded at both
ends; flowers solitary ? almost sessile. O- F. Native on the
Orinoco, among rocks near Maypures, and of Trinidad. Flowers
rose-coloured, 4-5-petalled. Stamens 11-14. Style trifid.
Small Purslane. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 to 2 in.
18 P. HILAIREA'NA ; stem trailing, herbaceous, pilose in the
axils of the leaves ; leaves linear-lanceolate, convex on the
back, flat in front, acute, longer than the axillary pili ; flowers
crowded on the tops of the branches ; petals obcordate, much
longer than the calyx. Q. F. Native of Brazil, in the province
of St. Paul. P. grandifl6ra, St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 192. but not
of Hook. Flowers purple, surrounded by crowded leaves and
hairs.
St. Hilaire's Purslane. PI. \ to \ foot, trailing.
19 P. GRANDIFLORA (Hook, in bot. mag. 2885.) stems diffuse,
branched ; leaves scattered, cylindrical, acute, with pilose axils ;
flowers 3-4 together, terminal, crowded, surrounded by a whorl
of leaves and crowded hairs ; petals longer than the calyx ;
style 8-9-cleft at the apex. I/ . F. Native of Chili. There
are varieties of this plant with either purple or yellow large
flowers. Root tuberous.
Var. a, major ; (Hook, in bot. misc. 3. p. 241.) leaves an
inch or an inch and a half long. — Bot. mag. t. 2885.
Var. ft, microphylla (Hook, et Arn. 1. c.) leaves hardly half
an inch long. P. Mendocinensis, Gill. mss. Both varieties are
found between Rio Saladillo and Mendoza.
Great-flowered Purslane. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. PI.
| to | foot.
20 P. GILLIE' sn (Hook. bot. mag. 3064.) stems erectish,
branched at the base ; leaves oblong-cylindrical, rather com-
pressed, obtuse, dotted ; axillary fascicles of hairs erect, ad-
pressed ; flowers terminal, usually solitary ; petals longer than
PORTULACE.E. III. PORTUIACA. IV. GRAHAMIA. V. ANACAMPSEROS.
75
the calyx, obovate-roundish. 7£. G. Native of Chili, in the
plains near Mendoza. Plant stout, in proportion to its height.
Flowers large, bright reddish purple.
Gillies' s Purslane. PI. ^ to ^ foot.
21 P. TERETIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) stems creeping,
corymbosely branched ; axils rather pilose ; leaves scattered,
terete, acutish ; flowers 3-5 in a heap, sessile, involucrated, and
surrounded by hairs. G>. F. Native of South America, on
the sandy banks of the river Orinoco and Rio Negro, near Cari-
chana, Maypures, San Carlos, &c. Very like P. rubicaulis, but
differs in the flowers being purple. Stamens 18-24.
Terete-leaved Purslane. PL creeping.
22 P. AXILLIFLORA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 6.) stems procum-
bent ; leaves oblong, fleshy, in young plants they are opposite ;
flowers solitary, axillary. Q. F. Native country unknown.
Meridiana axilliflora, Schrank. bot. zeit. 1804. p. 354. Co-
rolla and stamens rose-coloured.
Axil-flowered Purslane. PI. pr.
•[• Species not sufficiently known.
23 P. IMBRICA'TA (Forsk. descr. 92.) leaves crowded, ovate,
acute, flat beneath, and convex above, opposite ; joints hairy at
the base ; flowers sessile, terminal. O- H. Native of Arabia.
Flowers yellow, large. Surculi as if they were tetragonal, from
the leaves being imbricated on them in 4 rows.
Imbricate-\eaveA. Purslane. PI. pr.
24 P. CA'FFRA (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 399.) stem weak, branched,
glabrous ; leaves linear-oblong, alternate ; flowers axillary, pedi-
cellate ; pedicels bibracteate. O • F. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Corolla yellow, 6-petalled. Style trifid. Cap-
sule probably 2-celled and 2-valved.
Coffrarian Purslane. PI. pr.
25 P. ARA'BICA (Forsk. descr. 92. no. 81.) calyx of 4 per-
manent sepals. — Native of Arabia. The rest unknown.
Arabian Purslane. PI.?
26 P. FLA'VA (Forst. pi. esc. p. 72.). Q- F. Native on
the shores of the Society Islands, where it is boiled and eaten
by the natives, and called by them Aturi. This plant has not
been described, and is probably nothing else but P. oleracea.
Yellon-fiovfereA Purslane. PI. pr.
27 P. WIGHTIA'NA (Wall. cat. no. 6845.) plant diffuse ; leaves
small, intermixed with numerous soft leafy stipulas ; flowers ses-
sile, terminal, almost hidden by the white bracteas. I? . S, Native
of the East Indies, at Sadras, in moist sand. A singular species.
Wight's Purslane. PI. | foot.
Cult. Being mostly annual plants, growing naturally in sandy
soil near the sea, the seeds should be sown in dry warm situa-
tions in spring : or it is perhaps better to sow them on a hot-
bed in spring, and plant them out towards the end of May into
the open border ; or they may be grown in pots and set in the
greenhouse or in a frame.
IV. GRAHAVMIA (in honour of Mrs. Maria Graham, a
great traveller in South America, particularly in Brazil, Peru,
and Chili.) Gill. mss. ex Hook, et Am. in bot. misc. 3. p. 241.
LIN. SYST. Icosandria, Monogynia.\ Calyx of 2 permanent,
oblong-lanceolate, mucronate, concave, stiff sepals, propped by
8 or 9 imbricate bracteas, similar to the sepals. Petals 5, obo-
vate, mucronulate. Stamens numerous, about 40 ; filaments
filiform, monadelphous at the base ; anthers erect, 2-celled.
Ovarium oblong, 1 -celled. Style filiform, thickened upwards;
stigmas 4, but usually 5, linear. Capsule 1-celled, 5-valved.
Seeds numerous, compressed, broadly winged, each fixed by a
podosperm to the central axis. — A smooth branched shrub, with
alternate, terete, oblong, obtuse, fleshy leaves, bearing hairs in
the axils. Flowers solitary, terminating short or elongated
branches, with white sepals and petals ; and having the filaments
purple at the base, and the anthers and stigmas yellow.
1 G. BRACTEAVTA (Gill. mss. ex Hook, et Arn. 1. c. p. 242.).
Tj . D. G. Native of Chili, among bushes, in the Travesia
between San Louis and Mendoza, especially near the river Desa-
guadero, at the altitude of 1500 feet. Xeranthus salicosus,
Miers. chil. vol. 2. p. 529.
Bracteate-BowereH Grahamia. Shrub 1 foot.
Cult. See Portulacaria for culture and propagation.
V. ANACA'MPSEROS (from avara/xTrrw, anacampto, to
cause return, and tpoc, eras, love ; supposed effects). Sims,
bot. mag. (1811) no. 1357. D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 77. but
not of Haw — Telephiastrum, Dill. elth. p. 376. — Rulingia,
Haw. succ. pi. syn. (1812.) p. 124. but not of R. Br Portu-
laca species of Lin. — Rulingia species of Ehrh. — Talinum spe-
cies of Willd. — Portulacae gfbbae, Haw. misc. nat. p. 141.
LIN. SYST. Dodec&ndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 2 sepals (f.
16. a.); sepals opposite, oblong, rather concrete at the base.
Petals 5 (f. 16. 6.), very fugacious. Stamens 15-20 (f. 16. d.);
filaments distinct, inserted in the bottom of the calyx along
with the petals, and adhering a little to them. Style filiform,
trifid at the apex (f. 16. d.). Capsule conical, 1-celled, 3-valved
(f. 16. c.), with the valves cleft longitudinally in the middle,
and therefore the capsule appears as if it was 6-valved (f. 1 6. c.).
Seeds numerous, winged, fixed to a central placenta. — Very
dwarf herbs or subshrubs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope.
Leaves ovate, fleshy. Axils bearing filamentous subscarious
stipulaceous hairs. Bracteas membranous, usually lobed into
setaceous segments. Pedicels 1-flowered, elongated, disposed
in racemes. Flowers of a rose-purple colour or white, expand-
ing only in the heat of the sun.
1 A. TELEPHIA'STRUM (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate, diffbrmed,
glabrous ; axillary hairs filamentous, shorter than the leaves ;
racemes few-flowered, subpanicled. Tj . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. — Dill. hort. elth. t. 281. Comm. hort.
amst. t. 89. Portulaca Anacampseros, Lin. spec. 639. Haw.
misc. p. 141. Talinum Anacampseros, Willd. spec. 2. p. 862.
D. C, pi. grass, t. 3. Haw. syn. 124. Rulingia varians, Haw.
ex Spreng. Rulingia Anacampseros, Ehrh. beitr. 3. p. 133.
Anacampseros varians, Sweet. Flowers reddish. Seeds very
much winged. Cotyledons in the germinating plant 2, thick,
somewhat trigonal, convex-beneath, with a very short caulicule.
Telephium-like Anacampseros. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1813.
PI. { foot.
2 A.TNTERME'DIA ; leaves very numerous and dense, expanded,
flat, convex on the outside, retusely deltoid at the apex ; axil-
lary threads twisted, brown. Jj . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Rulingia intermedia, Haw. in phil. mag. march
1828. \ery\ikeA.polyphylla, but almost one half smaller,
but taller; also like A . jilamentbsa, but broader; the leaves
more numerous, more crowded, paler ; and the axillary threads
are yellow, not white.
Intermediate Anacampseros. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. PI. ^ ft.
3 A. ARACHNOIDES (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1368.) leaves ovate,
acuminated, difformed, green, shining, cobwebbed ; axillary hairs
filamentous, shorter than the leaves; racemes simple; petals
lanceolate, fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Por-
tulaca arachnoides, Haw. misc. p. 142. Rulingia arachnoides,
Haw. syn. p. 125. Talinum arachnoides, Ait. hort. kew. ed.
2. vol. 3. p. 1 49. Flowers white, hardly with a tinge of purple.
Bracteas scarious, jagged. Seeds with a short wing.
Cobwebbed Anacampseros. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1790. PI.
£ to | foot.
4 A. RU'BENS (D. C. prod. 3. p. 356.) leaves ovate, acumin-
ated, diffbrmed, shining, dark green, somewhat reflexed at the
L 2
76
PORTULACE^E. V. ANACAMPSEROS. VI. TALINCM.
apex ; axillary hairs shorter than the leaves ; racemes simple.
Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Portulaca
rubens, Haw. misc. p. 142. Rulingia rubens, Haw. syn. p.
125. Leaves and peduncles purplish. Flowers red.
Red Anacampseros. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1796. PL i to f ft.
5 A. FILAMENTOSA (Sims, bot. FIG. 16.
mag. t. 1367.) leaves ovate-
globose, gibbous on both sides,
and cobwebbed, rather rugged
above ; stipulas ramentaceous,
longer than the leaves ; petals
oblong, f? . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope, inCarro
near Hartiquos Kloof. Portu-
laca filamentosa, Haw. misc. p.
142. Rulingia filamentosa, Haw.
syn. p. 125. Talinum filamen-
tosum, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2.
vol. 3. p. 149. Portulaca stipu-
laris, Dyandr. mss. Petals red-
dish or deep rose coloured.
Filamentose Anacampseros.
Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1795. PL | to 1 foot.
6 A. LANCEOLA'TA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 356.) leaves lanceolate,
fleshy, glabrous, convex beneath ; axillary hairs very long ;
scape leafy, generally 1 -flowered. Tj . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Portulaca lanceolata, Haw. syn. p. 126.
Stems very short. Calyx reddish. Petals reddish. Seeds
almost 3-winged.
Lanceolate-leaved Anacampseros. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1796.
PL | foot.
7 A. ANGUSTIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 356.) leaves fleshy,
narrow-lanceolate, expanded ; stem short, branched. J? . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Rulingia angustifolia, Hav.
rev. p. 60. Very like the preceding species, but smaller.
Flowers red.
Narrow-leaved Anacampseros. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820.
PL 4 foot.
8 A. RCFE'SCENS (D. C. 1. c.) leaves crowded, expanded and
recurved, ovate, acute or somewhat acuminated, thick, green,
usually dark purple beneath. (7 . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Rulingia rufescens, Haw. suppl. pi. succ. p. 64.
syn. p. 60. This is the largest of all the species. Flowers like
those of A. Telephidstrum.
Rufescent Anacampseros. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PL \ ft.
9 A. TRIGONA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate, trigonal, acute, erect,
woolly in the axils and on the stem between the leaves. Jj . D.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Carro. Burm. afr.
p. 79. t. 30. f. 2. Portulaca trigona, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 399.
Petals flesh-coloured, oblong, acute.
Trigonal-\ea.ved Anacampseros. PL £ to ^ foot.
10 A. LANI'GERA (Burch. cat. geogr. pi. afr. austr. no. 2196.)
leaves ovate, obtuse, small, very densely clothed with long wool.
fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very like the
preceding species. Flowers unknown.
Wool-bearing Anacampseros. PL -j foot.
11 A. POLYPHY'LLA (D. C. I.e.) I? . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Rulingia polyphy'lla, Haw. suppl. 65.
syn. 61 — Pluk. phyt. t. 41. f. 6.
Many-leaved Anacampseros. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 181 8. PI. £ ft.
Cult. The species of this succulent genus of plants grow
freely in sandy loam, mixed with some lime rubbish ; they re-
quire but little water. Cuttings root freely if laid to dry a few
days before planting. Leaves taken off close to the plants, and
laid to dry a few days, and then planted, will take root and shoot
out young plants at their base.
VI. TALI'NUM (probably from §a\ia, thalia, a green branch;
durable verdure). Sims, bot. mag. no. 1357. Haw. syn. p. 123.
D. C. prod. 3. p. 356. — Talinum species, Adans. fam. 2. p. 145.
Juss. gen. p. 312. — Portulaca species, Lin. — Rulingia species,
Ehrh.
LIN. SYST. Deca-Dodecandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 2
ovate sepals, deciduous. Petals 5 (f. 17. i.), hypogynous, or
inserted in the bottom of the calyx, distinct or joined a little
way at the base. Stamens 1 0-20, inserted along with the petals,
and generally adhering a little to them, and joined together at
the base. Style filiform, cleft at the apex into 3 spreading
or close stigmas. Stigmas bearing papillae inside. Capsule
3-valved, 1 -celled, many-seeded. Seeds wingless, kidney-shap-
ed, scabrous, fixed to the central placenta. — Fleshy herbaceous,
or suffrutescent plants. Leaves alternate, quite entire, exstipu-
late. Flowers very fugaceous, expanding only in the heat of
the sun, cymose or racemose. Cymes or racemes usually form-
ing terminal panicles.
SECT. I. PHEMERA'NTHUS (from <jii)p.ri, pheme, fame, and
avdos, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the beauty of the flowers).
Rafin. speech. 1. p. 86. D. C. prod. 3. p. 356. — Talinum,
Pursh, and Nutt. Stigmas 3, close together, and appearing like
a simple stigma. Flowers disposed in dichotomous corymbose
cymes. — Perennial herbs, natives of North America.
1 T. TERETIFOLIUM (Pursh. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 365.) root
fibrous ; cauline leaves terete, subulate, fleshy, cyme terminal,
dichotomous, corymbose ; stamens 20. T/ . F. Native of Vir-
ginia, Louisiana, and Delaware, among rocks exposed to the
sun. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 819. Phemeranthus teretifolius, Rafin.
speech, p. 86. Talinum trichotomum, Desf. hort. par. — Pluk.
aim. t. 223. f. 2. Flowers of a rose purple-colour. Root tuft-
ed, fibrous.
Terete-leaved Talinum. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1823. PL £• foot.
2 T. NAPIFORME (D. C. prod. 3. p. 357.) root tuberous;
radical leaves terete, fleshy; cymes terminal, dichotomous,
corymbose; stamens 5, alternating with the petals. 1£. F. Na-
tive of Mexico. Claytonia tuberosa, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex.
icon. ined. Root tuberous, turnip-formed. Stems numerous
from the neck of the tuber, almost leafless at the base, but cy-
mose and dichotomous at the apex. Flowers white. This species
from habit and inflorescence agrees with the preceding, but dif-
fers materially in having only 5 stamens, and a tuberous root.
It is not a Claytonia, in consequence of the stamens alternating
with the petals, not opposite them ; nor a Calandrinia from the
calyx not being deciduous.
Turnip-formed-rooted Talinum. PL £ to 1 foot.
SECT. II. TALINA'STRUM (an alteration from Talinum). D. C.
prod. 3. p. 357. — Talinum, Sims and Haw. Style filiform.
Stigmas 3, distinct, spreading. Ovarium globose (f. 17. c.).
Leaves flat, rather fleshy. Stems suffrutescent, fleshy, erect.
3 T. CRASSIFOLIUM (Willd. spec. FIG. 17.
2. p. 862.) stem shrubby, erect;
leaves flat, obovate-lanceolate, mu-
cronate ; flowers disposed in an
elongated panicled corymb ; pe-
duncles triquetrous. Jj .D.S. Native
country unknown, but probably of
the West Indies. Haw. syn. p.
123. Portulaca crassifolia, Jacq.
hort. vind. 3. t. 52. Haw. misc.
p. 140. T. paniculatum, Mcench.
meth. p. 232. but not of Gaertn.
nor Ruiz et Pav. Flowers red.
Far. /3, albiflbrum (D. C. prod.
PORTULACE^E. VI. TALINUM. VII. LEWISIA.
77
3. p. 357.) flowers white. T? . D.G. Native of South America, by
the sea side. Comm. hort. 1. p. 7. t. 4. Portulaca fruticosa, Murr.
syst. veg. but not of Thunb. Portulaca paniculata, Lin. spec. 2.
p. 640. Talinum fruticosum, Willd. spec. 2. p. 864. The
calyx is said to be of 5 sepals, but this assertion we suspect to
be erroneous.
Thick-leaved Talinum. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1800. Sh. 1 ft.
4 T. TRIANGULATE (Willd. spec. 2. p. 862.) stem shrubby,
erect ; leaves flat, channelled, wedge-shaped, emarginate, mu-
cronate ; racemes simple ; rachis triquetrous. Tj . D. S. Na-
tive of the Antilles, on the seashore. Plum. ed. Burm. t. 150.
f. 2. Portulaca racemdsa, Lin. spec. 640. Haw. misc. p. 139.
Portulaca triangularis, Jacq. obs. 1. p. 35. t. 23. Rulingia tri-
angularis, Ehrh. beitr. 3. p. 134. Flowers yellow, size of those
of the preceding species.
Triangular Talinum. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1739. PL | ft.
5 T. PA'TENS (Willd. spec. 2. p. 863. var. a.) stem suflfruti-
cose, erect ; leaves flat, glabrous, lower ones obovate, obtuse,
upper ones lanceolate, acute ; panicle terminal ; peduncles alter-
nate, dichotomous, bractless ; petals oblong, acutish, 3 times
longer than the calyx. ^ . D. S. Native of Martinico, St.
Domingo, Mexico, New Granada, and Brazil, on rocks by the
sea side; also of Buenos Ayres. Portulaca paniculata, Jacq.
amer. p. 148. Portul. patens, Jacq. hort. vind. 2. t. 151. Ru-
lingia patens, Ehrh. beitr. 3. p. 1 35. T. paniculatum, Gaertn.
fr. 2. p. 219. t. 128. but not of Mcench. nor of Ruiz et Pav.
Flowers small, red, 3 lines in diameter. The leaves of the plant
are used in the same manner as common purslane in Brazil.
Spreading-pamded Talinum. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1779. Sh.
1 to 2 feet.
6 T. ANDRK'WSII (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 170.). stem suffruti-
cose, erect ; leaves glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, sessile ; panicle
branched, terminal ; petals oblong, obtuse. Ij . D. S. Native of
the West Indies. T. patens, Andr. bot. rep. t. 253. Flowers
large, red.
Andrew's Talinum. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1800. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
7 T. REFLE'XUM (Cav. icon. 1. p. 1. t. 1.) stem suffruticose,
erect ; leaves flat, lanceolate or oval, obtuse, usually opposite ;
panicle terminal ; peduncles usually opposite, dichotomous,
bractless. $ . D. S. Native of South America. Sims, bot.
mag. t. 1543. Haw. syn. p. 124. Portulaca reflexa, Haw. misc.
p. 141. T. patens ft, Willd. spec. 2. p. 863. T. dichotomum,
Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl. per. p. 118. This species is very nearly
allied to T, patens, but differs in the flowers being yellow, not
red or purple, as in that plant, and the plant is probably bien-
nial.
Reflexed Talinum. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1800. PI. 1 foot.
8 T. CUNEIFOLIUM (Willd. spec. 2. p. 864.) stem shrubby,
erect ; leaves flat, wedge-shaped, obtuse, mucronate ; panicle
terminal ; lower peduncles 3-flowered. ^ . D. G. Native of
Arabia Felix, about Surdud and Hadie ; and also of the East In-
dies. Portulaca cuneifolia, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 333. Origia portu-
Iacif61ia, Forsk. descript. p. 103. Flowers of a reddish violet-
colour.
Wedge-leaved Talinum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. 1 J ft.
9 T. POLYGALOIDES (Gill. mss. ex Ainott, in Cheek, edinb.
journ. vol. 3. p. 354.) stem shrubby, erect, branched a little ;
branches striated, angular ; leaves flat, linear, mucronate (when
dry very narrow, with revolute edges) ; peduncles bibracteate at
the base, when bearing the fruit deflexed, axillary, emulating a
simple raceme. Tj . D. G. Native of Chili, in the Jarillal, and
along the foot of the mountains near Mendoza, at an elevation
of 3000 to 4000 feet above the sea. Flowers about a fourth of
an inch in diameter, yellow, fading to red. The stem appears
not to be at all fleshy, according to the dried specimens.
Polygala-like Talinum. PI. i to ^ foot.
SECT. III. TALINE'LLUM (a diminutive of Talinum). D. C.
prod. 3. p. 358. — Talinum, Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl. per. p. 65.
Style thick. Stigmas 3, thick, flattish Generally annual
herbs ; and probably should have been joined with the genus
Calandrinia.
10 T. REVOLU'TUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p.
76.) stem erect, simple ; leaves glabrous, lanceolate, obtuse, nar-
rowed at the base, with revolute margins ; peduncles terminal,
somewhat dichotomous, few-flowered ; petals awned, glandular
towards the base. O- F. Native of South America, in shady
places near Cumana. Flowers yellow. Stamens about 48.
Fruit unknown.
Revolute-\eaved Talinum. PI. ^ foot.
11 T. MUCRONA'TUM (H. B. et Kunth, I.e.) stems erectish :
leaves glabrous, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, somewhat
mucronate, cuneated, and narrowed at the base ; peduncles ter-
minal, 2-3-cleft, many-flowered ; flowers racemose ; petals mu-
cronate. Q. D. F. Native of New Andalusia, near Bor-
dones, in shady humid places. Petals yellow, length of calyx.
Stamens about 50.
Mucronate-\eaveA Talinum. PI. ^ to ^ foot.
12 T. POLYA'NDRUM (Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl. per. p. 115.) leaves
roundish-obovate, acuminated ; flowers racemose, polyandrous ;
petals obcordate, quite entire. ©. F. Native of Peru, on the
hills called Lomas towards Pongo. Herb a foot high, noxious
to cattle. The rest unknown.
Polyandrous Talinum. PI. 1 foot.
13 T. CRENA'TUM (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c.) leaves roundish-ob-
ovate, acuminated ; flowers racemose ; petals crenulated ; sta-
mens about 20. — Native of South America, on hills about
Pongo in the province of Atiquipa. Herb a foot high, and is
called by the natives Langua de Vaca, as well as the preceding
plant. The rest unknown.
Crenated-peta]\ed Talinum. PI. 1 foot.
14 T. MENZIB'SII (Hook. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 223. t. 70.)
caulescent; leaves linear-spatulate : lower ones on long petioles;
margins naked : superior ones and sepals acutely keeled, glan-
dularly ciliated on the back ; flowers pedunculate, axillary. ©.
H. Native of the north-west coast of America, south of Co-
lumbia. The habit is that of a species of Talinum, without hav-
ing seen the flowers ; it may, however, when better examined
turn out to be a species of Calandrinia. Root annual, rather
fusiform.
Menzies's Talinum. PI. -^ foot.
Cult. Pretty succulent plants, most of which require the
heat of a stove ; a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, or any
light soil will suit them ; and cuttings of them are very readily
rooted. The seeds of the annual species may be reared on a
hot-bed, and afterwards planted out in the open border about the
end of May.
VII. LEWI'SI A (in honour of Captain M. Lewis, who accom-
panied Captain Clarke to the Rocky Mountains of North Ame-
rica). Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 368. Hook, in bot misc. 1.
p. 345. t. 70. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 223.
LIN. SYST. Dodecdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals;
sepals rather membranous. Petals 9-12, inner ones gradually
the smallest. Stamens 12-16, hypogynous ; anthers linear.
Ovarium globose. Ovula many, fixed to a free central recep-
tacle. Style deeply 6-parted : segments filiform ; stigmas ob-
tuse.— Plant herbaceous, stemless. Roots fascicled. Leaves
terete, fleshy. Scapes 1 -flowered.
1 L. REDIVIVA (Pursh. 1. c. Hook. 1. c.) I/ . H. Native of
North America.
Far. a ; root blood-coloured ; flowers white. Native on the
banks of Clarke's river.
78
PORTULACEjE. VIII. CALANDRINIA.
Var. (3 ; root white ; flowers rose-coloured. Native of the
subalpine regions of the Rocky Mountains, on the west side, and
abundant at the junction of the Spokan river with the Columbia,
on dry stony rocks ; also of the Flathead and Salmon rivers, in
similar situations. The roots of this variety are gathered in
great quantities by the Indians on the west side of the Rocky
Mountains, and highly valued on account of their nutritive quali-
ties. They are boiled and eaten as salep or arrow-root, and are
admirably calculated for carrying on long journeys ; two or three
ounces a day being quite sufficient for a man, even while under-
going great fatigue. Perfect flowers of the plant have not yet
been seen by any botanist, and therefore the genus is not well
known ; and probably may hereafter verge into Talinum.
Revived Lewisia. Clt. 1826. PI. | foot.
Cult. A mixture of loam and brick-rubbish will be a good
soil for this plant ; and it may be propagated by dividing the
plant at the root, by cuttings, or by seeds.
VIII. CALANDRI'NIA (in honour of L. Calandrini, an Ita-
lian botanist, who lived in the beginning of the 18th century).
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 77. D. C. prod. 3. p.
358. — Cosmia, Domb. mss. Juss. gen. 312. — Geunsia, Moc. et
Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. — Phacosperma, Haw. in phil. jour.
1827. p. 124.
LIN. SYST. Dodccandria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, bi-
partite (f. 18. a.) ; sepals roundish-ovate. Petals 3-5 (f. 18. b.),
hypogynous, or inserted in the bottom of the calyx, distinct or
connected together at the very base, equal. Stamens 4-15, in-
serted in the torus or base of the petals, distinct, generally alter-
nating with the petals. Style 1, very short, tripartite at the
apex ; lobes collected into a clavately capitate stigma (f. 18. c.).
Capsule oblong-elliptic, 1 -celled, 3-valved, many-seeded. Seeds
adhering by capillary funicles to the central placenta. — Succu-
lent or fleshy glabrous American herbs, having the habit of Sa-
•molus. Leaves quite entire, radical or alternate. Pedicels 1-
flowered, axillary or opposite the leaves. This genus hardly
differs from Talinum, as far as its characters are yet known.
* Stamens 10-15.
1 C. PANICULA'TA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 358.) plant caulescent,
branched; leaves obovate- oblong, acuminated; flowers pa-
nicled ; pedicels 5 times longer than the bracteas. O-F. Na-
tive of Peru, in the province of Chancay, commonly called Lo-
inas, on sandy hills ; and in the province of Atiquipa, at Pango,
where the plant grows a foot high, and is called there Orejas de
Perro and Castannuelas. Talinum paniculatum, Ruiz et Pav.
sjst. fl. per. p. 115. Portulaca carnosa, Domb. herb. Leaves
glabrous, fleshy. Stem erect, paniculately branched at the apex.
Sepals 2, ovate, permanent. Stamens 10-15. Capsule 3-valved,
length of the calyx. Flowers purple.
Panided Calandrinia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 foot.
2 C. LINGULA'TA (D. C. 1. c.) plant caulescent, and branched
from the base ; leaves linear, tongue-shaped ; flowers panicled.
O- F. Native of Peru, at Chancay near Jequan, in sandy
places. Talinum lingulatum, Ruiz etPav. fl. per. p. 115. Por-
tulaca linearis, Domb. Sepals 2, ovate, permanent. Stamens
10-15. Capsule 3-valved, shorter than the sepals.
Tongue-leaved Calandrinia. PI. 1 foot.
3 C. CISTIFLOBA (Gill. mss. ex Arnott, in Cheek, edinb. jour.
3. p. 355.) glabrous ; stem ascending, suffruticose ; branches
leafy at the base, and nearly naked towards the apex ; leaves
linear-lanceolate, acutish ; raceme terminal, few-flowered ; pe-
dicels elongated ; bracteas minute, foliaceous : sepals ovate,
acute ; stamens numerous. T; . D. G. Native on the Andes of
Mendoza and Chili, in many places at an elevation above the
sea, from 9,000 to 10,000 feet. The flowers are pretty large,
and purple. It ranks near C. linguldtq.
Rock-rose-flowered Calandrinia. PI. ascending.
4 C. AFFINIS (Gill. mss. ex Arnott, in Cheek, edinb. journ. 3.
p. 355.) plant glabrous and stemless ; leaves elongated, linear,
obtuse, attenuated into the petiole ; indurated bases of petioles
imbricated and dilated; peduncles radical, 1 -flowered, naked,
one-half shorter than the leaves. I/ . D. G. Native on the
Andes of Chili, at El Serro de San Pedro Nolasco. This species
is closely allied to C. acaulis, but differs in the flowers having
numerous stamens.
Allied Calandrinia. PI. ^ foot.
5 C. CAPITA'TA (Hook, et Am. in hot. misc. 3. p. 244.) root
annual ; stems erectish, smooth, and nearly simple ; leaves
linear, smoothish, ciliated ; racemes capitate, many flowered,
terminal, and axillary, pedunculate ; flowers nearly sessile ; se-
pals roundish, tridentate at the apex, beset with long pili on the
back. O- F. Native on the Cordillera of Chili, and near
Collina.
Capitate-Howered Calandrinia. PI. •£ foot.
6 C. RAMOSISSIMA (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 244.)
root annual ; stems many from the same neck, leafy, branched ;
axillary branches horizontal ; leaves linear, pilose, ciliated with
long hairs at the base ; racemes short, few-flowered ; sepals
roundish, truncate, bluntly tridentate at the apex, and beset with
long pili on the back. O • F. Native of Chili, about Valpa-
raiso.
Much-branched Calandrinia. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
7 C. CUMINGII (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 244.) root
slender, annual ; stems many from the same root, procumbent,
leafy, dichotomously branched ; leaves linear, attenuated at the
base, beset with adpressed hairs ; racemes few-flowered, termi-
nal ; sepals roundish, tridentate at the apex, pilose on the back.
O- F. Native of Chili, about Valparaiso ; and on the Cordil-
lera of Chili. The upper part of the stems, racemes, and
calyxes are beset with glandular viscid hairs. The whole plant has
a purplish hue. In character this species approaches near to C.
ramosissima, but in habit they are very distinct.
Cuming's Calandrinia. PI. procumbent.
8 C. UMBELLA'TA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 358.) stem erectish,
nearly naked ; leaves radical, linear, acute, pilose ; corymb cy-
mose, terminal, many-flowered ; bracteas ciliated. Q. F. Na-
tive of Chili, at Conception in sandy places. Talinum umbel-
latum, Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl. per. p. 117. Portulaca prostrata,
Domb. herb. Sepals nearly orbicular, permanent. Stamens
10-15. Ovarium prismatically conical, tapering a long way.
Habit almost of a species of Androsace.
Umbellate-fiov/ered Calandrinia. PI. -| foot.
9 C. PI'CTA (Gill. mss. ex Arn. in Cheek, edinb. journ. 3. p.
356.) plant caulescent, sparingly branched, perennial, glabrous;
leaves obovately spatulate, attenuated into the petiole at the
base, glaucous ; corymb cymose, terminal •, pedicels much ex-
ceeding the bracteas, which are roundish, membranous, and
edged with purple ; sepals roundish, reticulated by purple ;
stamens numerous. %. . D. G. Native on the Andes of Men-
doza, in many places at the elevation of 10,000 feet above the
sea. This is one of the most beautiful of the species ; and ac-
cording to habit comes near C. glauca, but differs in the stamens
being numerous.
Painted Calandrinia. PI. 1 foot.
10 C. ARENA RIA (Cham. mss. ex Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc.
3. p. 246.) plant glaucous ; stems numerous, prostrate, glabrous,
leafy ; leaves linear ; common peduncle terminal, naked, simple
or branched ; racemes corymbose ; pedicels a little longer than
the bracteas ; bracteas oval, membranous, painted by a dark
purple branched middle nerve ; seeds glabrous. O- ? F. Na-
tive of Chili, about Valparaiso. Closely allied to C. picta, Gill,
but very distinct from it.
PORTULACE^E. VIII. CALANDRINIA.
79
Sand Calandrinia. PL prostrate.
11 C. LINEARIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 8. p. 359.) stem ascending,
a little branched at the base ; branches erect, radical and cauline
leaves linear, glabrous, bluntish ; corymb terminal, a little
branched; calyx glandular. I/ . D. G. Native of South Ame-
rica. Perhaps the same as Talinum lineare, H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 77. which is found in the arid valleys of
Mexico.
Linear-leaved Calandrinia. PL ascending.
12 C. PILOSIU'SCULA (D. C. 1. c.) stems erectish, angular,
rather pilose ; leaves linear-spatulate, rather pilose ; pedicels
axillary, 1 -flowered, rather adnate to the floral leaves, consti-
tuting a terminal or subterminal panicle. Q. F. Native of
Chili, about Conception. Lindl. in hort. trans. 6. p. 291. T.
ciliatum, Hook. exot. fl. 1. t. 82. but not of Ruiz et Pav. Tall-
num lineare, Hoffm. verz. 1827. p. 217. Flowers rose-coloured.
Stigmas 3, rose-coloured, nearly as in Papaver, having the styles
radiating at the apex. Stamens 10-15, not 5, as in Talinum
ciliatum of Ruiz et Pav.
Hairy Calandrinia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1823. PL | to 1 foot.
13 C. SERI'CEA (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 244.) root
perennial, woody, with a multiple neck ; stems erectish, very
leafy at the base ; leaves linear, acute or subulate, clothed with
silky hairs ; raceme few-flowered, corymbose ; upper pedicels
hardly equal in length to the bracteas ; sepals ovate, tridentate
at the apex, clothed with long silky villi ; stamens numerous.
If. . D. G. Native of Chili.
Var. a, longipes (Hook, et Arn. 1. c.) lower pedicel elon-
gated, slender, much longer than the rest and the bractea. On
Sierra Bella Vista, and Acancugua ; and on the Cordillera of
Chili.
Var. /3, ee'quipes (Hook, et Arn. 1. c.) pedicels all nearly equal.
Near Collina and Questa. In both varieties the leaves vary
much in length, from 1 to 2 or even 3 inches.
Silky Calandrinia. PL 1 foot.
14 C. TENE'LLA (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, bot. p. 24.) stems
ascending, branched at the base ; leaves narrow-linear, glabrous ;
racemes terminal, branched \ sepals glabrous, triangular, cor-
date, acuminated. O-? G. Native of Chili, at Valparaiso.
Very closely allied to C. pilosiuscula, but differs from it in being
quite glabrous and in its smaller size. This is said to be only
a variety of C. pilosiuscula. Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3.
p. 245.
Weak Calandrinia. PL ascending.
15 C. PHACOSPE'RMA (D. C. 1. c.) stems weak, somewhat hex-
agonal ; leaves linear-lanceolate, hispid on the margins ; flowers
racemose. $ , F. Native of Peru. Phacosperma Peruviana,
Haw. in phil. journ. 1827. p. 124. Tetragbnia Peruviana, hort.
Chelsea, ex Haw. Flowers reddish. Peduncles erect, shorter
than the foliaceous bractea. Sepals quadrangular, curled.
Stigma 6-lobed.
Lentil-seeded Calandrinia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PL
1 to 3 feet.
* * Stamens from 1 to 9.
16 C. CAULE'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth, iiov. gen. amer. 6. p.
78. t. 526.) plant caulescent and branched ; leaves alternate,
spatulately lanceolate, acute ; pedicels axillary and opposite the
leaves, 1-flowered, bractless. (•)• F. Native of Quito, near
Chillo, and near the city of Mexico. Geunsia rosea, Moc. et
Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Talinum caulescens, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 453. Cosmia montana, Domb. herb. Stem diffuse or pro-
cumbent. Flowers rose-coloured.
Caulescent Calandrinia. PL pr.
17 C. PROCU'MBENS (Moris, hort. taur. sem. 1831.) glabrous,
caulescent, filiform, procumbent, branched ; leaves succulent,
8
linear, obtuse, alternate ; pedicels axillary, and opposite the
leaves ; sepals triangular ; flowers triandrous or hexandrous ;
capsule 3-celled. Q. H. Native of South America. This
species differs from C. compressa of Schrad. in being glabrous,
in the stems being procumbent, in the stamens being 3-6, and in
the sepals not being cordate at the base, &c.
Procumbent Calandrinia. PL pr.
18 C. COMPRE'SSA (Schrad. in litt. ex D. C. 1. c.) plant cau-
lescent and succulent ; leaves linear, ciliated ; flowers racemose ;
calyx compressed ; sepals triangular, cordate, unequal, acumin-
ated. 0. F. Native of Chili. Plant a span high, erect,
simple, or somewhat divided, with short hairs on the peduncles
and calyxes. Leaves obtuse, marked with a longitudinal line
above, somewhat keeled beneath: radical ones 1-J- or 2 inches
long. Pedicels an inch and a half long. Flowers small, purple.
Stamens 3-4. Capsule 3-4-valved. Schrad. mss.
Var. fl, adscendens (D. C. 1. c.) plant smaller ; stem ascending.
Talinum adscendens, Hort. berol.
Compressed-calyxed Calandrinia. PL ^ foot.
19 C. DENTICULA'TA (Gill. mss. ex Hook, et Arn. in bot.
misc. 3. p. 243.) plant glabrous; stem suffruticose, leafy ; leaves
lanceolate, acute, attenuated at the base ; raceme terminal, 1-3
or few-flowered ; pedicels elongated ; sepals roundish-ovate,
with denticulately-serrated margins. Tj . D. G. Native of
Chili, along with C. andicola. The lower part of the stem is
much branched.
Denticulated-calyxed Calandrinia. Shrub 1 foot ?
20 C. ANDICOLA (Gill. mss. ex Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3.
p. 242.) plant wholly glabrous ; stem suffruticose, leafy towards
the apex: leaves cuneate-oblong, acute, attenuated at the base ;
raceme terminal, 1-3 or few-flowered; pedicels elongated;
sepals roundish, hardly mucronulate at the apex, with quite en-
tire margins ; petals a little longer than the calyx ; flowers with
few stamens. Tj . D. G. Native of Chili, on the eastern side
of the Cumbre, and at El Alto de la Laguna. Closely allied to
C. cistiflora, but apparently quite distinct. From C. denticulata
it can only be distinguished by the entire margins of the sepals.
Andes Calandrinia. PL -J to 1 foot.
21 C. ACAU'LIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) plant stemless ; leaves
elongated, linear, obtuse ; peduncles radical, 1-flowered, bibrac-
teate in the middle, one half shorter than the leaves. If. . D. G.
Native of Quito, on Mount Rucu-Pichincha, in humid places.
Cosmia prostrata, Domb. herb.
Stemless Calandrinia. PL ^ foot.
22 C. TRIFIDA (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 243.) root
annual, slender ; stems erectish, simple, rather leafy, pilose ;
leaves linear, acute, pilose ; radical ones elongated ; upper cau-
line ones edged with long hairs, embracing a few flowers in their
axils ; raceme corymbose, dense, terminal ; bracteas ciliated
with long hairs : lower ones exceeding the racemes ; sepals
ovate, trifid at the apex, with a few hairs on the back, but more
numerous on the margins ; stamens 5. Q. H. Native of Chili,
about Valparaiso. This and C. Gilliesii and C, sericea seem
closely allied to C. umbellata.
TVi/id-bractead Calandrinia. PL % foot.
23 C. GILLIEVSII (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 243.) root
perennial, woody, with a multiple neck ; stems erectish, simple,
very leafy at the base, but sparingly so at the apex ; leaves ob-
long-linear, beset with adpressed hairs ; raceme corymbose ;
lower bracteas hardly equal in length to the pedicels; sepals
ovate, somewhat tridentate at the apex, and beset with long pili
on the back ; stamens 5. TJ. . D. G. Native of the Andes, of
Mendoza, and Chili ; Cordillera of Chili ; and Los Ojos de Aqua.
C. umbellata, Gill. mss.
Gillies' 's Calandrinia. PL ^ foot.
24 C. DIFFU'SA (Gill. mss. ex Arnott, in Cheek, edinb. journ.
80
PORTULACE^E. VIII. CALANDBINIA. IX. PORTULACARIA. X. ULLUCUS. XI. CIAYTONIA.
3. p. 355.) plant caulescent, glabrous, diffuse ; branches leafy
at the base and nakedish at the top, 1-2-flowered ; leaves spatu-
late-lanceolate, acute, quite entire ; flowers terminal ; sepals or-
bicular, quite entire. I? . D. G. Native of the Andes of Chili,
near El Paso de los Peuquenes, at an elevation above the sea of
10,000 feet. The number of stamens in the flowers of this
species has not been determined.
Diffuse Calandrina. PI. 1 foot.
25 C. GLAU'CA (Schrad. in litt. ex D. C. 1. c.) plant caules-
cent, glabrous ; leaves spatulate-lanceolate, acute, fleshy, glau-
cous ; racemes few-flowered ; fruit-bearing peduncles, 1^ inch
long, reflexed ; bracteas ovate, acute, membranous, and spotted
with purple. I/ . D. G. Native of Chili. Stem a foot high.
Leaves an inch and a half long, thick, tapering into the petioles.
Flowers a little larger than those of C. compressa. Sepals
broadly ovate, purple, concave, reticulated with black. Capsule
larger than the calyx, S-valved. (Schrad. mss.)
Glaucous Calandrinia. PI. 1 foot.
26 C. CONFE'RTA (Gill. mss. ex Arnott, in Cheek, edinb.
journ. 3. p. 356.) plant caulescent, perennial, glabrous; branches
numerous from the neck of the root, simple, leafy at the base,
nakedish towards the apex ; leaves narrowly spatulate, glau-
cous ; racemes crowded, terminal ; pedicels hardly longer than
the bracteas ; sepals broadly ovate ; flowers with few stamens,
3-4. 7£. D. G. Native on the Andes of Mendoza, at El Por-
tezuela del Valle Hermosa.
Crowded racemed Calandrinia. PI. 1 foot.
27 C. CXSPITOSA (Gill. mss. ex Arnott, in Cheek, edinb. journ.
3. p. 356.) plant tufted, stemless ; leaves linear-spatulate ; pe-
duncles radical, 1 -flowered, naked, 3-times longer than the
leaves ; sepals broadly ovate ; flowers with few stamens ; stig-
mas 4-5 ; capsule 4-5-valved. If.. D. G. Native on the Andes
of Mendoza and Chili, and many places, at the elevation above
the sea of from 9000 to 1 1,000 feet.
Tufted Calandrinia. Fl. Mar. April. PI. tufted.
28 C. GRANDIFLORA (Lilldl. FIG. 18.
bot. reg. t. 1194.) plant glau-
cous ; stem suffruticose ; leaves
fleshy, rhomboid, acute, petio-
late ; raceme simple, loose ; ca-
lyx spotted ; stamens numerous;
petals obcordate. 1/f . D. G. Na-
tive of Chili. Flower of a rose-
purple colour, (f. 18.)
Great-JlorveredCalandrmia. FJ.
Ju. Jul. Clt. 1826. PL 1 ft.
29 C. CILIA'TA (D. C. 1. c.)
leaves linear-oblong, ciliated ;
flowers solitary, always pentan-
drous. 0. F. Native of Peru,
at Huassa-Huassi, among rub-
bish and in cultivated fields. Ta-
linum ciliatum, Ruiz et Pav. syst. p. 116. prod. p. 65. but not
of Hook. Flowers purple.
Ciliated-leaved Calandrinia. PL -j foot.
30 C. ? A'LBA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 359.) leaves spatulate-lan-
ceolate; flowers axillary, solitary, pentandrous. O-? F. Na-
tive of Peru, about Chancay and Lima, among rocks. Herb a
foot high. Talinum album. Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. Flowers white.
W/Mte-flowered Calandrinia. PL 1 foot.
31 C. NITIDA (D. C. 1. c.) steins ascending, glabrous, leafy ;
leaves oblong-spatulate, acutish, glabrous, attenuated at the
base ; peduncles axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves ;
sepals roundish, obtuse, pilose on the backs ; stamens 1-9.
O- F. Native of Chili, in fields and waste places, at Concep-
tion, in the tract of Hualpen andMoquita; also about Valparaiso
and Quillota. Herb half a foot high. Talinum nitidum, Ruiz
et Pav. 1. c.
Nitid Calandrinia. PL | foot.
32 C. MONA'KDRA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves spatulate-lanceolate ;
flowers in spikes, secund, monandrous. Q.? F. Native of
Chili, on arid hills about Conception, near the river Andalien.
Talinum monandrum, Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. Herb a hand and a
half high.
Monandrous Calandrinia. PL f foot.
Cult. Calandrinia is a fine genus of succulent plants ; their
culture and propagation are the same as that recommended for
the species of Tallmtm, p. 77. The seeds of annual species
may be sown in a hot-bed in spring, and the plants planted
out into the open border, in a dry sheltered situation, about the
end of May.
IX. PORTULACARIA (altered from Portulaca). Jacq
coll. 1. p. 160. D. C. prod. 3. p. SfiO. — Hae'nkea, Salisb.prod
p. 174. — Anacampseros species, Lin. hort. cliff.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 2 permanen
membranous sepals. Petals 5, permanent, equal, obovate, hy
pogynous. Stamens 5, inserted with the petals, but disposec
without any respect to the number of petals, hence there are
probably 10, 5 of which are abortive; anthers short, usually
barren. Ovarium ovate-triquetrous. Style wanting ; stigmas
3, spreading, muricated with glands on the upper side. Frui
triquetrous, winged, indehiscent, 1 -seeded. — A glabrous shrub
native of Africa. Leaves opposite, roundish-obovate, flat, fleshy
Peduncles opposite, denticulated, compressed ; pedicels 1 -flow-
ered, 3 rising from each notch in the peduncle. Flowers small
rose-coloured. Fabric of seeds unknown.
1 P. A'FRA (Jacq. 1. c. t. 22.). Tj . G. Native of the South
of Africa. D. C. pi. grass, t. 132. Claytonia Portulacaria, Lin
mant. p. 211. Lam. ill. t. 144. f. 2. Crassula Portulacaria
Lin. spec. p. 406. Hae'nkea crassifolia, Salisb.prod. 174. Por-
tulaca fruticosa, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 399. exclusive of the syno-
nyms— Dill. hort. elth. 1. t. 101. f. 120. The plant seldom
flowers in the gardens : at Genoa in the garden of Grimaldi.
African Purslane-tree. Clt. 1732. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
Cult. This plant will grow in any dry light soil ; and young
cuttings will root readily in sand under a hand-glass.
X. U'LLUCUS (Ulluco or Melloco is the name of the plant
in Quito). Lozano, in senan. nuov. gran. 1809. p. 185. D. C.
prod. 3. p. 360.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 2 opposite,
roundish, concave, pellucid, coloured, deciduous sepals. Petals
5, longer than the calyx, cordate, attenuated at the apex, con-
nected at the base into a short tube. Stamens 5 ; filaments very
short, erect ; anthers 2-celled, erect. Ovarium sub-globose.
Style filiform, length of stamens ; stigma simple. Capsule 1-
celled. Seed one, oblong. — Herb smooth. Root tuberous.
Stem branched, angular. Leaves alternate, cordate, quite entire,
thick, petiolate. Flowers disposed in a terminal, simple, droop-
ing raceme. Pedicels furnished with very short bracteas.
1 U. TUBER6sus (Loz. 1. c.). % . D. G. Native of South
America, in the province of Quito, growing in gardens, where it
is called Ulluco or Melloco. The r«ot is mucilaginous and eat-
able.
Tuberous-rooted Ullucus. PL 1 foot.
Cult. For the culture and propagation of this succulent plant
see Anacdmpseros, p. 76.
XI. CLAYTO'NIA (in honour of John Clayton, who col-
lected plants, mostly in Virginia, and sent them to Gronovius,
who published them in his Flora Virginica). Lin. gen. 287. '
PORTULACE&. XI. CLATTONIA.
81
Juss. gen. 314. Lam. ill. t. 144. Gsertn. fr. 2. p. 220. t. 129.
St. Hil. mem. mus. 2. p. 197. t. 4. f. 15 — Limnia, Lin. act.
ups. 1746. p. 130. — Claytonia and Limnia, Haw. syn. p. 11.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 2 oval, op-
posite, permanent sepals (f. 20. a. f. 19. i.). Petals 5, obcor-
date (f. 20. &.), or obovate (f. 19. a.), hypogynous, equal, un-
guiculate ; claws connate at the base. Stamens 5 (f. 20. £>.),
inserted at the claws of the petals. Ovarium sessile. Style 1,
trifid at the apex ; lobes stigmatose inside. Capsule 1 -celled,
3-valved, 3-seeded. Seeds sessile. — Herbs glabrous, rather
succulent, usually perennial. Leaves quite entire : radical ones
petiolate ; upper usually opposite and sessile, and sometimes con-
nate. Racemes terminal. Flowers white or rose-coloured.
nate.
1. Scape with 2 opposite leaves, which are sometimes con-
Roots fibrous, annual.
1 C. PERFOLIA'TA (Donn, hort. cant. p. 25.) leaves without
nerves : upper ones connate or perfoliate, forming a roundish
disk ; radical leaves petiolate, oval-rhomboid ; lower pedicels of
raceme in bundles ; petals entire or somewhat emarginate. Q . H.
Native of Mexico, on the mountains of St. Augustin ; and on
the rocky mountains in North America ; also of Cuba, if C.
Cubensis, Bonpl. ann. mus. 7. p. 82. t. 6. pi. equin. t. 26. be
the same. — Sims, bot. mag. 1336. Limnia perfoliata, Haw. syn.
p. 12. Flowers small, white. Root fibrous. Leaves edible,
and used like those of the Purslane.
Perfoliate Claytonia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1794. PI. i to ^ ft.
2 C. ALSINOIDES (Sims, bot. mag. 1309.) root fibrous; leaves
reticulately veined, rhomboid, acute ; upper leaves opposite,
sessile, ovate, mucronate : radical ones petiolate, ovate, acumin-
ated ; pedicels of raceme for the most part solitary, bractless ;
petals emarginate. O- H. Native of the north-west coast of
America, at the sources of the Columbia ; particularly plentiful
about Indian villages, where it seems to hold the place of chick-
weed in our country. Flowers white.
Var. ft, rosea (D. C. prod. 3. p. 361.) flowers rose-coloured ;
leaves almost nerveless. Q. H. Native of Nootka Sound.
C. Sibirica, Sims, bot. mag. 2243. Sweet.br. fl. gard. t. 16.
but not of Pall.
Chickweed-like Claytonia. Fl. Mar. June. Clt. 1794. PI.
| foot.
3 C. UNALASCHE'NSIS (Fisch. in Rocm. et Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 434.) leaves nerved : upper ones opposite, sessile, rhomb-
ovate : radical ones petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated ; ra-
cemes twin ; bracteas ovate ; pedicels solitary, twice longer
than the bracteas ; petals emarginately bifid. 0. H. Native
of the Island of Unalaschka, in humid sandy places. C. bifida,
Willd. herb. The petals are said
to be white in the dried state.
Unalaschka Claytonia. Fl.
Mar. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl.ito^ft.
4 C. PARVIFLORA (DoUgl. HISS.
ex Hook. fl. bor.amer. 1. p. 225.
t. 73.) root fibrous ; radical leaves
numerous, linear-spatulate, 3-
nerved, with anastomosing veins,
on long petioles ; the 2 cauline
ones joined into a perfoliate,
ovate leaf, which is reticulately
veined ; racemes solitary, rather
compound, unibracteate. ©.H.
Native of North America, abun-
dant along the course of the Co-
lumbia, in open parts of the forest,
VOL. in.
FIG. 19.
where wood has been burnt, or the ground turned up by deer.
Flowers rose-coloured and white. This species differs from C.
perfoliata in its linear-spatulate radical leaves, ovate bracteasj
and profusion of small flowers, (f. 1 9.)
Small-flomered Claytonia. PI. J-foot.
5 C. SPATULA'TA (Dougl. mss. ex Hook. fl. amer. bor. 1. p.
226. t. 74.) plant minute; root fibrous ; radical leaves numerous,
narrow, linear-spatulate ; the 2 cauline ones ovate, acute, and
sessile ; racemes solitary, unibracteate ; petals entire. 0. H.
Native of the north-west coast of America, in the valleys of the
Rocky Mountains. Corolla longer than the calyx. Stems
many from the same root. This is the smallest of all the species.
Spatulate-leaved Claytonia. PI. ^ foot.
6 C. SARMENibsA (Meyer, nov. pi. in mem. acad. de Mourou.
vol. 1 7.) sarmentose ; leaves nerved : radical ones oblong, ob-
tuse, petiolate : cauline ones ovate, somewhat cordate, stem-
clasping, but distinct : racemes terminal, solitary, bractless ;
petals emarginate. — Native of St. George, one of the Aleutian
Islands.
Sarmentose Claytonia. PI. sarmentose.
* Hoots tuberous or fusiform.
7 C, VIRGI'NICA (Lin. spec. 394.) leaves all narrow, linear,
obsoletely 3-nerved, with anastomosing veins : radical ones very
few ; racemes solitary, nodding ; pedicels elongated : lower
ones bracteate ; petals emarginate. I/ . H. Native of North
America, in New England, Virginia, and Carolina, in humid
woods ; and of Kotzebue's Sound. The leaves of the plant,
from the last-mentioned habitat, are remarkable for their broad-
ness. Pluk. aim. t. 102. f. 3. Flowers white.
Virginian Claytonia, Fl. Mar. Aug. Clt. 1768. PI. •£ ft.
8 C. GRANDIFLORA (Sweet, fl. gard. t. 216.) root tuberous:
leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends ; racemes soli-
tary, many-flowered ; petals oval, obtuse, entire ; sepals very
blunt. 11 . H. Native of North America, near Montreal, and
on the Saschatchawan. C. Virglnica, var. ft, media, D. C. prod.
3. p. 361. D. C. pi. grass, t. 131. Flowers pink or rose-co-
loured, with darker branched veins, and a yellow spot on the claw.
Great-fioner-ed Claytonia. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. ? PI. £ foot.
9 C. ACUTIFLORA (Sweet, hort. brit. edit. 2.) root tuberous ;
leaves all long, linear-lanceolate, 3-nerved, with anastomosing
veins ; racemes solitary, nodding : pedicels elongated : lower
ones bracteate ; petals elliptic, entire, acute at both ends ; sepals
acutish. If.. H. Native of North America, in humid parts of
woods. C. Virginica, Sims. bot. mag. 941. C. Virginica, var.
a, acutifldra, D. C. prod. 3. p. 361. Flowers white.
Acute-flowered Claytonia. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. ? PI. { ft.
10 C. CAROLINIA'NA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 175.) root
tuberous ; radical leaves subspatulate : cauline ones oblong ;
racemes solitary, nodding ; pedicels elongated : lower ones brac-
teate ; petals obovate, somewhat emarginate ; sepals very blunt.
If. . H. Native of North America, in Carolina. C. spatulae-
f61ia, Salisb. prod. p. 71. C. Virginica y, spatula? folia, D. C.
prod. 3. p. 361. Flowers pink or rose-coloured.
Carolina Claytonia. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. 1789. PI. | foot.
11 C. LANCEOLA'TA (Pursh, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 175. t. 3.)
root tuberous ; radical leaves very few, oblong, on long petioles :
cauline ones elliptic, sessile, all 3-nerved, with anastomosing
veins ; racemes solitary, nodding ; pedicels elongated : lower
ones bracteate ; petals deeply emarginate. If. . H. Native of
North America, in the valleys of the Rocky Mountains, in a
rich soil ; and perhaps in Eastern Siberia. Flowers large, white.
It is very nearly allied to C. Vestiana of Fisch.
Lanceolate-]ea\ed Claytonia. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. 1812.
PI. \ foot.
12 C. A'RCTICA (Adams, act. mosc. 5. p. 94.) leaves nerve-
M
PORTULACE^:. XI. CLAYTONIA. XII. MONTIA. XIII. LEPTRINA.
less, fleshy ; cauline ones sessile, ovate ; radical ones petiolate,
subspatulate ; racemes secund ; petals obovate, somewhat emar-
ginate. If. . H . Native of Arctic Siberia, towards the mouth
of the Lena. C. Chamissoi, Led. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 790.
Flowers large, white, or pale yellow, with an orange throat.
Arctic Claytonia. PI. -j foot.
13 C. VESTIA'NA (Fisch. in litt.) root tuberous ; leaves vein-
less : radical ones oblong : cauline ones opposite, nearly sessile ;
stem dichotomous ; peduncles long, somewhat corymbose ; petals
entire. "If. . H. Native of Siberia. C. Joanniana, Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 434. This species differs from the true C.
Silirica in the leaves being narrower, in the petals being white,
and in the inflorescence. Flowers secund, at first nodding. Ca-
lycine lobes obtuse. Corolla appearing as if it were pedicellate.
Pest's Claytonia. Fl. Mar. Aug. Clt. 1827. PI. | foot.
14 C. AcuiiFbuA (Pall, ex. Willd. rel. in Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 436.) leaves oblong, nerved, acute ; petals emar-
ginate ; branches numerous from the sides of the root. I/ . H.
Native of Eastern Siberia. Flowers white. Stems 3-4 hands high.
Acute-leaved Claytonia. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1827. PI. 1^ ft.
15 C. TUBEROSA (Pall, ex Willd. rel. in Roem. et Schultes, 5.
p. 436.) root tuberous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuated ;
petals retuse. 11 . H. Native of Kamtschatka and Eastern
Siberia, among hypnums. Leaves 2, alternate. Tubers edible,
like a potatoe.
Tuberous-rooted Claytonia. PI. -j to -| foot.
16 C. SIBIRICA (Lin. spec. 294.) root fusiform ; leaves veined :
radical and cauline ones oval ; raceme secund ; petals bifid.
If . H. Native of Siberia, in boggy places. Limnia, Lin. act.
holm. 1746. t. 5. Radical leaves quite glabrous, petiolate : cau-
line ones 2, opposite, sessile. Stamens inserted in the petals.
Flowers rose-coloured.
Siberian Claytonia. Fl. Mar. Ju. Clt. 1768. PI. | to | ft.
§ 2. Stem leafy. Leaves all alternate. Plants resembling
Calandrinia in habit.
17 C. LINEA'RIS (Dougl. mss. FIG. 20.
ex Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p.
224. t. 71.) stems branched;
leaves narrow-linear, obtuse, 3-
nerved ; racemes terminal, se-
cund, bracteate at the base ; pe-
tals entire. (•)• H. Native of
North-west America, in moist
rocky places ; on the Great and
Little Falls of the Columbia,
abundant. Stems filiform, leafy.
Petals obovate. (f. 20.)
iinear-leaved Claytonia. PI.
| to \ foot.
18 C. FILICAU'LIS (Dougl. mss.
ex Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p.
224. t. 72.) stems branched at
the base : lower leaves obovate, acute, reticulately veined, run-
ning into petioles ; cauline leaves linear-spatulate ; racemes
terminal; flowers bracteate; petals entire. O-H. Native of
the north-west coast of America, on rocks in Nootka and Queen
Charlotte's Sound ; plentiful on moist rocks of the Columbia,
near the ocean. Flowers largish.
Thread-stemmed Claytonia. PI. -j foot.
19 C. STOLONIFERA (Meyer. 1. c.) stem erect, branched, bear-
ing stolons at the base ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong-spatulate,
acute, a little nerved; racemes subcorymbose, lateral, bractless ;
petals entire. % . H. Native of Unalaschka.
Stoloniferous Claytonia. PI. ^ foot.
20 C. PARVIF6LIA (Moc. icon. pi. nootk. ined. ex D. C. prod.
8
3. p. 361.) leaves nerveless ; cauline ones alternate, elliptic,
acute, attenuated at the base ; radical ones like the cauline ones
on short petioles ; racemes few-flowered ; pedicels solitary,
bracteate; petals acutely emarginate. Q.I H. Native of
North-west America, at Nootka Sound. Flowers rose-coloured.
Small-leaved Claytonia PI. -^ foot.
•J- A very doubtful species.
21 C. NEMOROSA (Willd. rel. in Roem. et Schultes, 5. p. 436.)
leaves ovate : superior ones tern ; racemes twin. 1£ . S. Native
of South America, in the shady woods of Javita. Perhaps this
plant ought to be removed from the genus, ex H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 80. The plant, according to Bonpland,
has a quadrangular stem ; opposite petiolate leaves ; terminal
dichotomous spikes ; a 5-parted calyx ; a semi-5-cleft corolla ;
a short style, 2 stigmas, and a 1 -celled, many -seeded capsule.
Grove Claytonia. PI. ?
Cult. The greater part of the species of Claytonia are very
delicate little plants, especially those with tuberous roots : these
grow best in a border of peat soil, and are increased by seeds,
which sometimes ripen plentifully. The fibrous-rooted kinds,
being all annual, the seeds of them only require to be sown in
the open border, in a rather moist shaded situation ; and if they
are allowed to scatter their seeds, plants will rise every year in
abundance.
XII. MO'NTIA (so named by Micheli, in honour of Joseph
Monti, Ph. D. Professor of Botany, and Prefect of the Medical
Garden at Bologna ; author of Agri Bononiensis stirpium Cata-
logi Prodromus, 1791, 4to.). Mich. gen. 17. t. 13. Gaertn.fr.
2. p. 220. 1. 129. Lin. gen. no. 101. Juss. gen. 313. — Came-
raria, Dill. nov. gen. p. 114. t. 6. but not of Lin. — Alsinoides,
Vaill.
LIN. SYST. Tridndria, Trigynia. Calyx of 2, rarely of 3
sepals. Petals 5, connected a little way at the base, 3 of which
are smaller than the other 2. Stamens inserted in the claws
of the petals, usually 3 in front of each of the smaller petals,
very rarely more. Ovarium sessile. Style very short, 3-parted ;
divisions spreadingly reflexed. Capsule 1 -celled, 3-valved, 3-
seeded. — European, glabrous, aquatic, or bog herbs. Leaves
opposite. Flowers axillary, small. This genus is hardly distinct
from Claytonia.
1 M. FONTA'NA (Lin. spec. p. 129.). Q. W. H. Native of
Europe and North America; also of South America, in bogs,
ponds and ditches.
Far. a, minor (Willd. spec. 1. p. 415.) stem erectish, divari-
cate ; leaves rather connate. Q. B. H. Native of humid
sandy woods and springs. — Mich. gen. t. 13. f. 2. — Fl. dan. t.
131. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1206.— Schkuhr. handb. t. 20. M.
fontana ft, erecta, Pers. ench. 1. p. 111. M. minor, Gmel. fl.
bad. 1. p. 301.
Var. ft, major (Willd. spec. 1. c.) stems weak, creeping, dicho-
tomous ; leaves sessile. O- B. H. Native of rivulets. Mich,
gen. t. 13. f. 1. M. repens, Gmel. fl. bad. 1. p. 302. M. fon-
tana ft, repens, Pers. ench. l.p. 111. M. rivularis, Gmel.
Fountain or Water-chickweed. Fl. April, May. Brit. PI.
| to | foot.
Cult. This plant will grow in any moist soil, or in water.
XIII. LEPTRIVNA (meaning unknown to us). Rafin. journ-
phys. 1819. aug. p. 95. D. C. prod. 3. p. 862.
LIN. SYST. Tridndria, Trigynia. Calyx 3-parted ; lobes
elliptic, obtuse. Petals wanting. Stamens 3, alternating with
the parts of the calyx, and hypogynous. Ovarium 1, oval.
Styles 3, short, acute. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved, 3-seeded.
PORTULACE^E. XIV. COLOBANTHUS. XV. GINGIKSIA. XVI. AYLMERIA.
83
Seeds fixed to the central placenta, — A small smooth herb, na-
tive of North America. Radical leaves 3, entire, linear-lanceo-
late, acute. Scape 1 -flowered, length of leaves. This genus
is hardly known, but it only appears to differ from Montia in
the want of petals.
1 L. AUTUMNA'LIS (Rafin. 1. c.). Q.B. H. Native of North
America, on the banks of the Ohio.
Autumnal Leptrina. PI. ^ to i foot.
Cult. The seeds of this plant only require to be sown in the
open ground, in a moist situation ; and if the plant is allowed
to scatter its seeds, there will be plenty of plants each year.
XIV. COLOBA'NTHUS (from KoXofios, kolobos, maimed,
and avdos, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the want of petals).
Presl. in reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 13. t. 49. f. 2.
LIN. SYST. Tetra-Hexdndria, Telra-Pentagynia. Calyx 4-5-
parted. Petals wanting. Stamens 4-6, alternating with the
segments of the calyx. Stigmas 4-5. Capsule 4-7-valved,
many-seeded. Both Bartling and Kunth insert this genus in the
order Caryaphylleae, while the stamens are decidedly perigynous,
and therefore ought to come among the Portulacece.
1 C. ARETIOIDES (Gill. mss. ex Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3.
p. 246.) root perennial, with a multiple neck ; calyx 5-parted ;
segments ovate; capsule 5-valved. y.. F. Native of Chili,
at Los Hornillos, El Paramillo San Isedro, and on the Andes of
Mendoza.
Areiia-like Colobanthus. PI. \ foot.
2 C. QUITE'NSIS (Bartling, in Presl. reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 13.
t. 49. f. 2.) root annual, with a multiple neck ; calyx 5-parted ;
segments lanceolate; capsule 5-valved, O- H. Native about
Quito, and on the Cordillera of Chili. Sagina Quitensis, H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 19.
Quito Colobanthus. PI. \ foot.
3 C. SAGINOIDES (Bartl. in Presl. reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 13. t.
49. f. 1.) root annual, with a multiple neck ; calyx 4-parted ;
segments ovate ; capsule 4-valved. O- H. Native of Chili.
Sagina-like Colobanthus. PI. ^ foot.
Cult. See Portulaca for culture and propagation, p. 75.
XV. GINGI'NSIA (in honour of M. Gingins, who has
written upon the genera Viola and Lavdnduld). D. C. prod. 3.
p. 362. — Pharnaceum species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Pent&nd? M, Trigy'nia. Calyx 5-parted ; lobes
oval, permanent, petaloid on the inside and at the margins. Pe-
tals wanting. Stamens 5, inserted in the bottom of the calyx,
and alternating with its lobes ; anthers 2-celled, inserted by the
base. Ovarium surrounded at the base by a 5-lobed fleshy
scale. Style wanting. Stigmas 3, crest-formed. Capsule 3-
valved, 1-celled. Seeds numerous, fixed to the central placenta.
— Cape subshrubs. Leaves irregularly verticillate, opposite or
alternate, filiform or linear, furnished with scarious stipulas at
the base. Peduncles axillary, elongated, bearing umbels of pe-
dicellate flowers at the apex ; branches of umbels numerous,
divided, many-flowered. This genus differs from Pharnaceum
and all the other Caryophyllaceous genera in the stamens being
perigynous, and in the leaves being usually alternate ; and from
all the genera in the order Paronychiece in the stamens alter-
nating with the sepals, not opposite them.
§ 1. Leaves linear.
1 G. BREVICATJ'LIS (D. C. in mem. soc. hist. nat. par. vol. 4.
with a figure. D. C. prod. 3. p. 362.) plant almost stemless ;
leaves linear, mucronate, crowded in whorls, almost radical ; sti-
pulas membranous, ciliately jagged at the apex. Tj . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Pharnaceum lineare, Thunb. fl.
cap. 274. but not of others. Stems very short. Leaves rather
spreading, unequal.
Short-stemmed Ginginsia. PI. -J foot.
2 G. ELONOA'TA (D. C. 1. c. with a figure ; prod. 1. c.) leaves
alternate, linear, crowded at the tops of the branches ; stipulas
linear-elongated, ciliately jagged ; peduncles more than 3-times
longer than the stem, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Pharnaceum incanum, Lin. mant. p. 358. but not of
others. Pharnaceum linekre, Andr. bot. rep. t. 329. Flowers
whitish.
Elongated Ginginsia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1795. PI. ^
to \ foot.
3 G, AURA'NTIA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 363.) caulescent ; leaves
linear, crowded in whorls ; whorls distant ; stipulas small, f? . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Pharnaceum lineare, Andr.
bot. rep. t. 326. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 174. Flowers
of an orange-copper colour. Branches shrubby, white. This
species differs from Pharn. lineare of Thunb. in the stems being
suffruticose, not herbaceous, and elongated, not short.
Orawge-flowered Ginginsia. PL -£ to ^ foot.
§ 2. Leaves filiform.
4 G. A'LBENS (D. C. 1. c.) plant caulescent ; leaves filiform,
mucronate, irregularly whorled or alternate ; stipulas small.
Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Pharnaceum
albens, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 274. ? Pharn. lineare flore albo, Andr.
bot. rep. t. 329. ? but the leaves are linear in Andrews's plant,
not filiform. Flowers greenish on the outside, but yellowish
inside and on the edges.
Whitish Ginginsia. PI. •£ to | foot.
5 G. CONFE'KTA (D. C. 1. c.) plant caulescent ; leaves oppo-
site, crowded, terete, mucronate ; stipulas cut into many seta-
ceous hairs, one half shorter than the leaves, fy . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Lam. ill. t. 214. f. 3. Pharna-
ceum incanum, Thunb. fl. cap. 273.? Sims, bot. mag. 1883.
but not of Lour.
Crowded Ginginsia. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1782. PI. £ to | ft.
6 G. PRUINOSA ; stems branched, thickish ; branches pale
from membranous stipulas ; leaves crowded, filiform, acute,
terete, fleshy, mealy or pruinose. Tj • G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Pharnaceum pruinosum, Haw. pi. succ. p. 15.
Pruinose Ginginsia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. ^ to A ft.
7 G. MICROPHY'LLA (D. C. 1. c.) plant caulescent ; leaves
terete, obtuse, in fascicles at the nodes, the rest scattered ; sti-
pulas woolly ; branches scattered, divaricate. Tj . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Pharnaceum microphy'llum, Lin.
fil. suppl. 185. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 272. Mollugo microphy'lla,
Ser. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 329. Said to be very like G. conferta.
Small-leaved Ginginsia. PI. -j to ^ foot.
8 G. TERETIFOLIA (D. C. 1. c.) plant caulescent ; leaves fili-
form, mucronate, whorled on the branches ; stipulas unknown ;
branches opposite, divaricate, fy . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Pharnaceum teretif 61ium, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 274.
Mollugo teretifolia, Ser. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 393. Stem a foot
high. Leaves half a line long. Peduncles shorter than the
leaves.
Terete-leaved Ginginsia. Shrub 1 foot.
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will answer the spe-
cies of this genus ; and the pots in which they are grown should
be well drained with sherds. The best way of propagating
them is by seeds.
XVI. AYLME'RIA (in honour of Aylmer Bourke Lambert,
F.R.S. F.S.A. and V.P.L.S. the celebrated botanist, to whom
we owe many obligations in the prosecution of the present work).
M 2
84
PORTULACEjE. XVI. AYLMERIA. XVII. HVDROPYXIS. PARONYCHIE^.
Mart, amaranth, p. 68. nov. act. bonn. 13. p. 276. D.C. prod.
3. p. 263.
LIN. SYST. Monadelphtd, Pentdndria. Calyx 2-parted, co-
loured. Petals 5. Stamens 10, joined into a membranous hy-
pogynous tube ; the 5 outer ones abortive ; and the 5 inner ones
opposite the petals, bearing 2-celled anthers. Style 1 ; stigma
depressed, capitate. Utriculus membranous, valveless. Seeds
numerous, lentiform, in the bottom of the cell. — Australian pe-
rennial herbs. Stems terete, jointed, dichotomous upwards.
Leaves linear, opposite, or in whorls. Stipulas scarious. Flowers
beautifully coloured, in terminal corymbs. According to Mar-
tius, the genus is related to Paronychiece, but this is doubtful,
in consequence of the stamens being hypogynous, and also par-
ticularly so in their being opposite the sepals. The calyx is of
2 sepals, as in Portulaca, and the petals are 5, as in most of the
order, and the stamens are 10, as in Tridnthema.
1 A. ROSEA (Mart. 1. c.) stems straightish, and are, as well as
the leaves, glabrous ; stipulas ciliately serrulated ; corymb com-
pact. If. . G. Native of New Holland, on the western coast.
Flowers rose-coloured.
./Jose-coloured- flowered Aylmeria. PI. 1 foot.
2 A. VIOLATE A (Mart. 1. c.) stems diffusely dichotomous, and
are as well as the leaves glabrous ; stipulas quite entire ; co-
rymb loose. I/.. G. Native of New Holland, on the west
coast. Flowers violaceous.
FtWaceojw-flowered Aylmeria. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. See Ginginsia for culture and propagation, p. 83.
XVII. HYDROPY'XIS (from Mwp, hydor, water, and
7ru4<e, pyxis, a box ; the plant is an inhabitant of water, and the
capsule resembles a box, from its opening transversely). Rafin.
fl. lud. p. 94. D. C. prod. 3. p. 364.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, 5-
parted, bibracteate on the outside ; the two inner lobes the
smallest. Corolla peripetalous (perhaps inserted in the calyx),
crateriform, unequally 5-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, inserted
in the corolla ; anthers hastate. Ovarium superior. Style
simple, crowned by a capitate 3-lobed stigma. Capsule 1 -celled,
many-seeded, triangular, opening transversely. Central pla-
centa free. This genus is likely to be nearer related to Utricu-
laria than to any other.
1 H. PALU'STRIS (Rafin. 1. c.) Native of Louisiana, in ditches
and marshes. Pourpier desmarais, Robin, voy. p. 488. Stems
creeping, prostrate. Flowers axillary, pedunculate, solitary,
white.
Marsh Hydropyxis. PL creeping.
Cult. This plant should be grown in a pot filled with peat,
and placed in a deep pan of water. It is easily propagated by
separating the runners.
ORDER CXI. PARON YCHIFvE (plants agreeing with Pa-
ronychia- in important characters). St. Hil. plac. lib. p. 56.
Juss. mem. mus. 1. p. 387. — Herniariae, Cat. hort. par. (1777.),
Illecebreae, R. Br. prod. p. 413. Lindl. intr. nat. ord. p. 164.
Calyx of 5 sepals (f. 21. a. f. 22. a.), seldom of 3-4 ; sepals
sometimes separate to the base, sometimes joined to the middle
(f. 22. a.), and sometimes nearly to the apex (f. 24. a.). Pe-
tals small, scale-formed (f. 22. a.), emulating sterile stamens,
inserted upon the calyx between the lobes, occasionally wanting
(f. 23. a.), or converted into superabundant stamina. Stamens
perigynous, exactly opposite the sepals (f. 22. a.}, if equal to
them in number, but sometimes fewer by abortion ; filaments
distinct ; anthers 2-celled (f. 21. c.). Ovarium free. Styles 2-3,
either distinct (f. 24. a.), or partially combined (f. 22. d.). Fruit
small, dry, 1 -celled, usually membranous, either valveless and
indehiscent, or opening with 3 valves. Seeds either numerous,
fixed to a free central placenta, or solitary and pendulous, upon
a funicle, arising from the base of the cavity of the fruit. Al-
bumen farinaceous. Embryo cylindrical, lying on one side of
the albumen, curved more or less, with the radicle always point-
ing towards the hylum. Cotyledons small. — Herbaceous or
half- shrubby branching plants, with opposite or alternate, often
fascicled, entire, sessile leaves and scarious stipulas. Flowers
small, usually whitish green, sometimes sessile and axillary, and
sometimes variously disposed in terminal cymes. Bracteas sca-
rious, analogous to the stipulas.
This order comes very near Portulacece, Amarantaceee, and
Caryophyllece, from which it is distinguished with difficulty.
By excluding the section Sclerdnthece, their scarious stipula will
distinguish them from the two last-mentioned orders, and there
is scarcely any other character that will ; for there are Caryo-
phylleee that have perigynous stamens, as Ldrbrea and Adena-
rium ; and Paronychiece which have hypogynous ones, as Poly-
carpce'a, Slipuldcida, and Ortegia. From Portulacece it is
scarcely to be known with absolute certainty, except by the
position of the stamens before the sepals instead of the petals.
With Crassulacece, particularly Tillce'a, they agree very mucli
in habit, but their concrete carpella will always distinguish them.
De Candolle comprehends in.th£ order various plants without
stipulas ; but as the latter organs seem to be an essential part of
their character, the tribes Queriaceae and Minuartieee are ex-
cluded, and will be found elsewhere.
Synopsis of the genera.
TRIBE I.
TELEPHIE\S;. Calyx 5-parled(f. 21. a.). Petals and stamens
5, inserted in the bottom of the calyx (f. 21. b.). Styles 3 (f.
21. e.) free, or connected together a little at the base. Leaves
alternate, stipulaceous.
1 TELE'PHIUM. Styles 3, spreadingly reflexed, concrete at
the base. Capsule pyramidal, trigonal, 3-valved, 3-celled at
the base, and 1 -celled at the apex. Seeds numerous, fixed to
the central placenta, in 6 rows.
2 CORRIGIOLA. Style short ; stigmas 3 (f. 21. e.). Capsule
1 -seeded, indehiscent, covered by the calyx. Seed suspended
by a funicle, originating at the bottom of the capsule.
TRIBE II.
ILLECE'BRE^;. Calyx 5-parted (f. 22. a.). Petals 5 or want-
ing. Stamens 2-3, inserted in the bottom of the calyx (f. 22. a.).
Styles free or somewhat concrete at the base (f. 22. d.~). Capsule
indehiscent, l-seeded. Funicle long, rising from the bottom of
the capsule, bearing a subpendulous seed at the apex. — Herbs,
rarely subshrubs. Leaves opposite, acute, mith scarious stipulas.
3 HERNIA'RIA. Calyx almost 5-parted. Scales or petals 5,
filiform, entire, but sometimes wanting or very small. Stamens 5,
or only 2-3 from abortion. Styles 2, short, distinct, or concrete
at the base. Capsule covered by the calyx.
PARONYCHIEjE. I. TELEPHIUM.
85
4 GYMNOCA'RPUM. Calyx almost 3-parted. Petals 5, emu-
lating sterile filaments. Stamens 5. Style 1 ; stigma simple.
Capsule valveless, covered by the indurated calyx.
5 ANY'CHIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals and scales wanting.
Stamens 3-5, distinct. Style none ; stigmas 2, subcapitate.
Capsule covered by the calyx.
6 ILLE'CEBRUM. Calyx 5-parted, or nearly 3-sepalled, ending
on the back at the apex, in an awned horn. Petals wanting,
but there are 5 subulate scales in place. Stamens 2-5. Style
hardly any ; stigmas 2, capitate. Capsule covered by the calyx,
divisible into 5 at the stripes.
7 PARONY'CHIA. Calyx 5-parted (f. 22. a.). Petals or scales
5, linear. Stamens 5 (f. 22. a.). Style 1 ; stigmas 2 (f. 22. d.).
Capsule indehiscent or 5-valved, covered by the calyx.
8 PENTAC.E'NA. Calyx 4-parted ; segments very unequal,
outer 3 spiny at the apex, inner 3 navicular, armed on the back.
Stamens 5. Stigmas 2, short. Capsule 1-seeded.
9 CARDIONE'MA. Calyx 5-parted; lobes drawn out on the
back at the apex into a straight horn. Petals wanting. Sta-
mens 5, 2 sterile ones obcordate, flat, 3 fertile ones obcordate
at the base, bearing each an antheriferous filament in the recess.
Styles 2, hardly concrete at the base, long, revolute. Fruit
oval-oblong.
TRIBE III.
POLYCARP^*. Calyx 5-parted (f. 23. a.). Petals 5, or want-
ing. Stamens 1-5, inserted in the bottom of the calyx. Styles
2-3, sometimes distinct, sometimes concrete. Capsule \-celled,
many-seeded. Seeds fixed to the central placenta. — Herbs or
subshrubs. Leaves opposite. Slipulas scarious. The stamens
in this tribe are almost hypogynous, and truly so in some genera,
as in Polycarpos'a, Stipulacida, and Ortegia, and therefore verge
closely on the order Caryophyllece.
10 POLYCARP* A. Lobes of calyx with membranous edges
(f. 20. a.). Petals 5. S'.amens 5, nearly hypogynous (f. 23. a.).
Styles 3, concrete at the base. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved,
many-seeded.
11 STIPULI'CIDA. Lobes of calyx with membranous edges.
Petals 5. Stamens 3, inserted in the torus. Style short, crowned
by 3 stigmas. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved, few-seeded.
12 BALA'RDIA. Lobes of calyx flattish. Petals 5. Stamens
2-3-4, inserted in the receptacle. Styles 3, very short, papilli-
ferous inside. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded.
13 AVE'RSIA. Lobes of calyx thickened in the middle,
keeled. Petals 5, or only 3 from abortion. Stamens 3, inserted
in the bottom of the calyx. Style 1 , trifid at the apex. Cap-
sule 1-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded.
14 ORTE'GIA. Lobes of calyx keeled a little. Stamens 5, 3
fertile, inserted in the torus, the other 2 scale-formed and sterile.
Style 1, capitate at the apex or bifid. Capsule 3-valved, many-
seeded.
15 POLYCA'RPON. Lobes of calyx with membranous edges,
concave, keeled, and mucronate. Petals 5, emarginate. Sta-
mens 3-5. Styles 3, very short. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved,
many-seeded.
16 CE'RDIA. Lobes of calyx petaloid inside, ending in a
bristle each at the apex. Petals wanting. Stamen one, in front
of one of the sepals. Style filiform, bifid at the apex. Cap-
sule 1-celled, many-seeded.
TRIBE IV.
PoLLiCHiE1^;. Calyx 5-toothed ; tube urceolale. Stamens 1-2,
inserted in the throat of the calyx. Petals wanting. Stigma
bifid. Vtriculus or fruit valveless, l-seeded. Bracteas and
calyx increasing after flowering, and becoming fleshy, so as to
form something like a berry. — Suffruticose herbs, niith opposite or
subverticillate slipulaceous leaves.
17 POLLI'CHIA. Character the same as that of the tribe.
•f Genera belonging to Paronychiece, but are not sufficiently
known.
18 LITHOPHIIA. Calyx 3-parted, acute. Petals 3. Scales
or abortive stamens 2, opposite the sepals. Stamens 2, placed
at one side of the ovarium. Style thick, bluntly emarginate at
the apex. Fruit unknown. A very minute glabrous herb.
19 SELL^WIA. Calyx urceolate, 5-cleft, membranous, 10-
ribbed. Petals 5, alternating with the lobes of the calyx. Sta-
mens fixed in the middle of the segments of the calyx, and
shorter than them ; anthers didymous. Style 1 ; stigma obtuse.
Capsule 3-valved, 1-celled, 1-seeded. A smooth herb, with the
habit of Illecebrum verticillatum.
Tribe I.
TELEPHIE'jE (plants agreeing with the genus Telephium in
important characters). D. C. prod. 3. p. 366. Calyx 5-parted
(f. 21. a.). Petals and stamens 5 (f. 21. 6.), inserted into the
bottom of the calyx. Styles 3 (f. 21. e.}, distinct, or somewhat
concrete at the base. — Leaves alternate, stipulaceous.
I. TELETHIUM (so named from Telephus, son of Her-
cules by Auge, and according to some king of Mysia). Tourn.
inst. t. 128. Lin. gen. 377. Gsertn. fr. 2. p. 221. t. 129. Lam.
ill. t. 213. Juss. mem. mus. 1. p. 389. St. Hil. plac. lib.
p. 44.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, per-
manent ; lobes oblong, concave. Petals 5, inserted in the bot-
tom of the calyx, and alternating with its lobes, and about equal
in length to them. Stamens 5, opposite the sepals, and inserted
in their bases. Styles 3, spreadingly reflexed, concrete at the
base. Capsule pyramidal, trigonal, 3-valved, 3-celled at the
base, and 1-celled at the top from the dissepiments not being
extended so far. Seeds numerous, disposed in 6 rows on the
central placenta. Embryo lateral, curved, but not annular.
Albumen mealy. — Subshrubby, procumbent, many-stemmed, gla-
brous, glaucous herbs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, sti-
pulaceous. Flowers white or greenish white.
1 T. IMPERA'TI (Lin. spec. 388.) leaves alternate; flowers in
racemose corymbs, rather crowded. Tf.. H. Native of the south
of Europe, particularly in the south of France, Italy, Spain,
Switzerland, &c. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 400. Lam. ill. t. 213.
Schkuhr. handb. 1. t. 85. T. repens, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 71. T.
alternif61ium, Mcench, meth. 231. Flowers white, sometimes
tinged with red.
Imperati's Orpine. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1658. Pl.tr.
2 T. OPPOSITIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. 388.) leaves opposite ; flowers
in racemose corymbs, crowded. %. H. Native of Barbary.
86
PARONYCHIE^E. I. TELEPHIUM. II. CORRIGIOLA. III. HEBNIARIA.
Shaw, spec. p. 572. with a figure. Flowers white. Perhaps
only a variety of the preceding.
Opposite-leaved Orpine. PI. tr.
3 T. LAXIFLORUM (D. C. prod. 8. p. 366.) leaves alternate ;
peduncles opposite the leaves, trifid at the apex ; middle pedicel
1-flowered, lateral ones elongated, and usually 3-flowered. 2£.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Herb glaucous. Leaves
alternate, distant, obovate, mucronate ; petiole short, margined,
with a membrane. Capsule subglobose, 3-celled nearly to the
apex. Perhaps a proper genus, but the habit is truly that of
Telephium.
Loose-Jlorvered Orpine. PI. tr.
Cult. All the hardy species of Orpine grow well in any light
soil ; and may either be increased by cuttings or parting at the
root ; they are well adapted for ornamenting rock-work. The
last species being a native of the Cape of Good Hope, requires
the protection of a green-house in winter.
II. CORRIGI'OLA (a diminutive ofcorrigia, a shoe string;
trailing flexible plants). Lin. gen. no. 378. Juss. mem. mus. 1.
p. 389. Lam. ill. t. 213. D. C. prod. 3. p. 366. Polygonifolia,
Vaill. Adans. Dill.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-parted (f. 21. a.),
permanent. Petals 5 (f. 21. 6.), equal to the calyx and inserted
in it, and alternating with its lobes. Stamens 5, opposite the
sepals. Style short; stigmas 3 (f. 21. e.~). Capsule 1 -seeded,
indehiscent, covered by the calyx. Seed suspended by a funicle,
which rises from the bottom of the capsule. — Procumbent glau-
cous herbs, with alternate stipulaceous leaves, and terminal race-
mose corymbs of small flowers. Habit of Telephium.
1 C. TELEPHIIFOLIA (Pourr. chl. narb. 20. act. tol. 3. p. 316.)
stems naked in the floriferous part. %. H. Native about Per-
pignon and about Madrid, in sandy places ; also of Chili about
Valparaiso. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 527. Flowers white.
Var. ft, imbricata (Lapeyr. abr. p. 169.) stems short; lower
leaves rather imbricated. %. H. Native about Vinca and
Nyer.
Orpine-leaved Strap-wort. Fl. July, Aug.
procumbent.
2 C. LITTORA'LIS (Lin. spec. p.
388.) stems leafy in the florifer-
ous part. O«H. Native through-
out Europe, on sandy shores.
Found by Hudson in England on
the Slapham Sands beyond Dart-
mouth, and near Star-point. QEed.
fl. dan. t. 334. Smith, engl. bot.
668. fl. grsec. t. 292. Polygoni-
folia, Dill. giss. append, t. 3.
Lind. als. t. 2. Flowers white.
Shore Strap-wort. Fl. June,
Aug. Britain. PI. tr.
3 C. DELTO1DEA (Hook. 6t
Arnott, in Beech, bot. p. 24.)
stems prostrate ; leaves deltoid,
long, spatulate ; racemes lateral, furnished at the base by a spa-
tulate bractea. !{..? G. Native of Chili, about Conception
and Valparaiso. This plant bears a strong resemblance to C.
littoralis. Flowers white.
Deltoid-leaved Corryiola. PI. prostrate.
4 C. SQUAMOSA (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 247.) cau-
dex perennial, a little branched, very scaly at the apex, from
which many stems issue ; stems prostrate ; leaves linear, oblong ;
racemes corymbose, leafless. I/. G. Native of Chili, about
Valparaiso, Vina de la Mar, and Playa Ancha. The lower part
of the stem, which is here called a caudex, from its resemblance
Clt. 1822. PI.
FIG. 21.
to that part of ferns, is to be seen in no other species of the
genus ; the scaly appearance at its summit is obviously caused
by a congeries of stipulas. Flowers white.
Scaly Strap-wort. PI. prostrate.
5 C. CAPE NSIS (Willd. spec. 1. p. 507.) flowers sessile ; calyx
hardly with membranous margins. O- H. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 272. C. littoralis, Thunb.
prod. p. 55. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from C. littoralis.
Cape Strap-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. tr.
Cult. The seeds of the annual kinds should be sown in dry
light soil. The culture of the perennial kind is the same as that
recommended for the hardy species of Telephium.
Tribe II.
ILLECE'ERE^ (this tribe contains plants agreeing with
Illecebrum in some particular characters). D. C. prod. 3. p. 367.
Calyx 5-parted (f. 22. a.). Petals 5, or wanting. Stamens 2-5,
inserted in the bottom of the calyx. Styles distinct, or somewhat
concrete at the base. Capsule indehiscent, 1 -seeded. Funicle
long, rising from the bottom of the capsule, bearing a somewhat
pendulous seed at the top. — Herbs, rarely subshrubs. Leaves
opposite, acute, with scarious stipulas.
ill. HERNIA1 RIA (from hernia, a rupture ; supposed effect
in curing). Tourn. inst. t. 288. Lin. gen. no. 308. Lam. ill.
t. 180. Juss. mem. mus. 1. p. 389. D. C. prod. 3. p. 367.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx nearly 5-parted,
somewhat coloured inside. Scales or petals 5, filiform, quite
entire, alternating with the sepals, sometimes wanting or very
small. Stamens 5, or only 2-3 from abortion, opposite the sepals.
Styles 2, short, distinct, or concrete at the base. Capsule 1-
seeded, indehiscent, covered by the calyx. — Prostrate suffruti-
cose small herbs, with branched stems. Leaves opposite, stipu-
laceous : stipulas solitary between the leaves, broad at the base.
Flowers glomerate in the axils of the leaves. Bracteas small.
§ 1 . Herniarice verce (true species of Herniaria). Stems pros-
trate, small ; jkiwers glomerate in the axils of the leaves, puberu-
lous or hairy on the outside.
1 H. CINE'REA (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 375. mem. par. t. 3.)
plant of many stems, herbaceous, clothed with cinereous hairs ;
branches ascending ; leaves oval, acute at both ends ; flowers
crowded, axillary. O- H. Native about Montpelier, Nar-
bonne, plentiful in Spain in dry gravelly or sandy places. In
Spain the plant is called Quebranlapiedran. H. annua, Lag.
gen. et spec. p. 12. and perhaps H. latifolia, Lapeyr. abr. p.
127.
Cinereous Rupture-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl.tr.
2 H. VIRE'SCENS (Salzm. pi. exsic. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 367.)
herb ascending, many stemmed, smoothish ; leaves oval, ciliat-
ed; bundles axillary, few-flowered; calyx rather pilose. (•)•
H. Native of Mauritania, about Tangiers. It differs from H.
cinerea in the greenish habit, nearly as H. hirsuta does from H.
glabra, or as H. alpina does from H. incana.
Greenish Rupture-wort. PI. tr.
3 H. GLA'BRA (Lin. spec. p. 317.) plant herbaceous, gla-
brous, prostrate ; leaves oval ; bundles many-flowered. 1£. H.
Native of Europe and Siberia, in exposed gravelly places. In
England, at the Lizard-point, and near Newmarket. Oed. fl.
dan. t. 529. Smith, engl. bot. t. 206. Schkuhr, liandb. t. 56.
Blackw. herb. t. 320. H. alpestris, Aubr. H. fruticosa, Gouan,
This and the two following species are confounded by Spreng. in
his syst. 1. p. 929. under the name of H. vulgaris.
Glabrous Rupture-wort. Fl. July, Aug. England. PL tr.
4 H. HIRSU'TA (Lin. spec. p. 317.) plant herbaceous, pros-
trate, hairy ; leaves oval-oblong ; bundles sessile, few-flowered.
PARONYCHIEjE. III. HERNIARIA. IV. GYMNOCARPUM.
87
"il . H. Native throughout Europe, in gravelly places. In En-
gland, near Barnet ; and in Cornwall. Smith, engl. bot. 1379.
Mor. hist. sect. 5. t. 29. f. 2. Petiv. brit. t. 10. Tandieh, icon,
t. 284. This plant is in every respect the same as H. glabra,
except in the hairiness.
Var. j8, pubescens (D. C. prod. 3. p. 368.) leaves ciliated,
smoothish ; stipulas larger. Paronychia pubescens, D. C. fl. fr.
3. p. 403.
Hairy Rupture-wort. Fl. July, Aug. England. PI. tr.
5 H. INCA'NA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 124.) suffruticose, prostrate,
hoary from villi ; leaves ovate-oblong ; flowers somewhat pedi-
cellate, in loose clusters. %. H. Native of Italy, Provence,
Dauphiny, &c, in barren places. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. 375. H.
lenticulata, Lin. spec. p. 317. exclusive of the synonymes. H.
alpina, Lois, but not of Vaill.
Hoary Rupture-wort. PI. tr.
6 H. BESSE'RI (Fisch. ex Horn, suppl. p. 127.) stems shrubby
at the base, somewhat ascending ; branches elongated ; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, pubescent ; bundles axillary, many flowered,
rather loose. I/ . H. Native of Tauria and Podolia. H. in-
cana, Bieb. suppl. p. 173. H. hirsiita, D'Urv. enum. p. 28. H.
Millegrana, Pall, ex Spreng. and perhaps H. microcarpa of
Presl. del. prag. which was collected on the mountains of Sicily.
Besser's Rupture-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822. Pl.tr.
7 H. MACROCA'RPA (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 252.) stems
fruticulose at the base, ascending ; branches setosely pubescent ;
leaves obovate-lanceolate, hairy on both surfaces, as well as on
the calyxes; bundles few-flowered. If. H. Native of La-
conia, and by the way side between Smyrna and Bursa ; also in
the Balearic Islands.
Large-fruited Rupture-wort. PL tr.
8 H. ALPINA (Vill. dauph. 2. p. 556. exclusive of the sy-
nonyme,) root becoming woody at length ; stems prostrate,
tufted, densely leafy, suffruticose ; leaves oval, rather villous,
ciliated ; flowers few towards the tops of the branches, somewhat
glomerate. % . H. Native of Provence, Dauphiny, and Savoy
on the Alps. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 375. H. alpestris, Lam.
diet. 3. p. 125. This plant is distinguished from H.incana at
first sight by its greenish habit, not hoary.
Alpine Rupture- wort.. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. tr.
9 H. AMERicAvNA(NlLt. in Sillim. amer. journ. 5. p. 822. p.
291.) smoothish, procumbent; leaves linear-oblong, much
shorter than the internodes ; stipulas minute ; bundles many-
flowered. 2f . H. Native of Eastern Florida. Anycbia her-
niarioides, Ell. sketch. 1. p. 308. but not of Michx. ex Nutt.
Camphorosma glabra of authors. Stem clothed with retrograde
down. Racemes 3-5-flowered. Lobes of calyx obtuse, coarc-
tate, white inside. .
American Rupture-wort. PI. pr.
10 H. SETI'GERA (Gill. mss. ex Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3.
p. 247.) plant perennial, herbaceous, puberulous, many-stem-
med, prostrate ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, furnished with spiny
bristles at the apex ; flowers almost sessile, axillary, and usually
solitary, puberulous on the outside ; stamens 3 ; styles united
at the base. Tj. . F. Native of Chili, at El Aquadita, near La
Punta de San Luis. This species has no scales or abortive
petals, and but only one style, and stigmas have been per-
ceived.
Bristle-bearing Rupture-wort. PI. prostrate.
11 H. FRUTICOSA (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 269.) stem shrubby, very
humble, much branched, tufted ; branches short, villous ; leaves
small, obovate, thickish, crowded ; flowers glomerate, hairy, 4-
cleft. Tj . H. Native of Spain, in dry exposed places; and of
Mauritania, near Mascar. Desf. fl. all. 1. p. 213. — Lob. icon.
t. 85.— Barrel, icon. t. 713.
Shrubby Rupture-wort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1814. PI. proc.
§ 2. Polygonoldece (plants with the habit of Polygonum).
Stems erect, dichotomous at the apex. Flowers glabrous, disposed
in loose cymes. Perhaps a proper genus.
12 H. POLYGONOIDES (Cav. icon. 2. t. 137.) erect, glabrous,
shrubby ; branches dichotomous at the apex ; leaves ovate, cus-
pidate, distant. Jj . H. Native of Mauritania, near Mascar ;
and on the hills of Spain, in Valentia, as well as in Provence.
Illecebrum suflruticosum, Lin. spec. p. 298. Paronychia suf-
fruticosa, Lam. fl. fr. 3, p. 230. Herniaria erecta, Desf. alt. 1.
p. 214. H. Joanneana, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 297.
This species differs from Paronychia, in the fruit being indehis-
cent. The habit is very dissimilar from the other species of
Herniaria, but emulates Anychia and Paronychia.
Polygonum- like Rupture-wort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1752.
PI. | foot.
f Species not sufficiently known.
13 H. DICHO'TOMA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 368.) stems erect, nu-
merous, dichotomous, herbaceous ; leaves distant, oblong, mutic,
and are, as well as the branches, powdery from short down ;
flowers cymose. 2/ . ? H. Native country unknown. Parony-
chia dichotoma, D. C. in Lam. diet. ency. 5. p. 25. Illecebrum
dichotomum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 261. "Calyx glumaceous, striat-
ed at the base and pubescent, profoundly 5-cleft ; segments
bluntish, with scarious margins ; sterile threads 5, alternating
with the sepals, and 5 antheriferous ones opposite them, hardly
shorter than the sterile ones. Style bidentate at the apex. Ova-
rium attenuated at the base. Ovulum one, pendulous, suspended
from the top of a thread, which arises from the bottom of the
capsule." Adr. Juss. in litt. 1827.
Dichotomous Rupture-wort. PI. ^ to ^ foot.
14 H. LENTICULA'TA (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 245.) suffruticose,
hairy, decumbent, clothed with cinereous villi ; leaves ovate,
fleshy. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. H. incana
Capensis, Pers. This is a very obscure species. The Linnean
plant under this name, according to Vahl and Smith, is Cressa
Cretica ; but we know not what Thunberg's plant is.
Lenticular Rupture-wort. PL procumbent.
Cult. All the species are weedy looking plants, most of them
with the habit of wild-thyme, and therefore are only worth culti-
vating in botanic gardens. The plants grow best in dry light
sandy soil, and are increased by seeds.
IV. GYMNOCA'RPUM (from yvpyoe, gymnos, naked, and
Kapiros,karpos, a fruit). Forsk. descr. p. 65. icon. t. 10. Desf.
all. 1. p. 203. St. Hil. plac. lib. p. 73. Juss. mem. mus. 2. p.
388. D. C. prod. 3. p. 369.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx almost 3-parted,
permanent ; segments coloured inside. Petals 5, emulating sterile
filaments. Stamens 5, inserted in the bottom of the calyx.
Style one, crowned by a simple stigma. Capsule valveless, 1-
seeded, covered by the indurated calyx. — Diffuse subshrubs,
with opposite stipulaceous leaves, usually bearing fascicles of
rameal leaves in the axils. Pedicels axillary, solitary, opposite,
appearing crowded at the tops of the branches, from the inter-
nodes being short. The name of this genus is spelt variously
by authors, viz. Gymnocarpos (Forsk.), Gymnocarpus (Viv.),
Gymnocarpon (Pers.), Gymnocarpum (Steud.).
1 G. FRUTICOSUM (Pers. ench. 1. p. 636.). Tj . F. Native of
the deserts of Barbary, Egypt, &c. G. decandrum, Forsk. 1. c.
Viv. fl. lib. 13. t. 10. f. 1. Desf. 1. c. Trianthema fruticosa,
Vahl. symb. 1. p. 32. Lobes of calyx violaceous inside, some-
what cucullate at the apex, and furnished with an awn on the back.
Shrubby Gymnocarpum. Shrub 1 foot.
Cult. This shrub will require to be protected from frost in
88
PARONYCHIE^E. V. ANVCHIA. VI. ILLECEBRUM. VII. PARONYCHIA.
winter, and for this purpose it should be grown in a pot. A
mixture of sand and loam will suit the plant very well, and it
may either be increased by seeds or cuttings.
V. ANY'CHIA (so named from its affinity to Paronychia).
Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 113. Juss. mem. mus. 2. p. 389.
Torr. fl. unit. stat. 1. p. 272. D. C. prod. 3. p. 369. — Queria,
Gaert. fr. 2. t. 128. Nutt. gen. amer. p. 158.
LIN. SYSI. Tri-Pentdndria, Digynia, Calyx 5-parted; se-
pals conniving, somewhat saccate, and callous at the apex. Pe-
tals and scales none. Stamens 3-5 ; filaments distinct. Style
none. Stigmas 3, subcapitate. Capsule indehiscent, 1-seeded,
covered by the calyx. — North American, erect, dichotomous,
annual herbs, with the habit of Llnum cathdrticum. Leaves op-
posite, furnished with scarious stipulas at the base. Flowers
solitary in the axils of the branches, and in fascicles at the tops
of the short branches, green.
1 A. DICHOTOMA (Michx. 1. c.) stem covered with retrograde
pubescence ; leaves cuneate-oblong ; stipulas longer than the
flowers; flowers in fascicles. O-H. Native of Virginia, New
York, Kentucky, and Canada, in dry woods and on hills. Queria
Canadensis, Lin. spec. Ort. dec. t. 15. f. 2. Nutt. 1. c. Anychia
dichotoma var. a. Torr. fl. unit. stat. 1. p. 273. A. Canadensis,
Elliott, car. 1. p. 307.
Dichotomous Anychia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1806. PI. ^ to
| foot.
2 A. CAPILLA'CEA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 369.) stem quite gla-
brous, smooth ; leaves ovate ; stipulas shorter than the flowers ;
flowers remote. O- H. Native of New Jersey and New
England, in pine barrens. Queria capillacea, Nutt. gen. amer.
1. p. 159. Anychia dichotoma ft, Torr. 1. c. According to
Torrey, this is only a smooth variety of the last.
Capillaceous Anychia. PI. ^ to ^ foot.
Cult. The seeds of these plants only require to be sown in
the open border in a dry warm situation in a light soil.
VI. ILLE'CEBRUM (from Illecebra of Pliny, which is from
illicio, to allure ; pretty enticing plants). Gsertn. fil. carp. p. 36.
t. 184. Juss. mem. mus. 2. p. 386. R. Br. prod. p. 416. in a
note. — Paronychia species, Tourn. Juss. Lam. and D. C. — Ille-
cebrum species of Lin.
LIN. SYST. Di-Pentandria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted, nearly
3-sepalled ; sepals subcucullate, thickened, ending in an awn-
like horn at the apex on the back. Petals wanting, or 5 su-
bulate scales in place of the petals, alternating with the lobes of
the calyx. Stamens 2-5, opposite the sepals, and inserted in
their base. Style hardly any ; stigmas 2, capitate. Capsule
covered by the calyx, 5-valved, or divisable into 5 at the stripes.
Seed solitary from abortion, inserted in the side of the capsule.
Embryo hardly curved, placed on one side of the albumen, which
is farinaceous. — A small trailing herb, with opposite leaves, fur-
nished with scarious stipulas at the base. Flowers axillary or
cymose. Bracteas scarious, smaller than the flowers.
1 I. VERTICILLA'TUM (Lin. spec. p. 280.) stems trailing, fili-
form, glabrous ; leaves roundish ; flowers crowded in the axils
of the leaves, verticillate. If. . H. Native of Europe, in bogs
and wet meadows. In England in the western part of Cornwall,
about Penzance, and in Devonshire, in marshy boggy ground.
Schkuhr, handb. t. 50. Vill. in Schrad. journ. 1801. p. 409. t. 4.
Smith, engl. bot. t. 895. Fl. dan. t. 335. — Vaill. bot. par. 1. 15.
f. 2. Flowers snow white, furnished with scarious bracteas at
the base. Calyxes cartilaginous. Stamens 2 ex Juss., the rest
abortive, 5 ex Schkuhr. Root creeping.
Whorled Knot-grass. Fl. July, Aug. England. PL tr.
Cult. The seeds of this plant should be sown in a moist situ-
ation, where the plants will thrive and flower freely ; and if the
seeds be allowed to scatter themselves, the plants will rise regu-
larly every season. It is worth cultivating, being a small deli-
cate beautiful plant.
VII. PARONY'CHIA (from Trapa, para, near, and ovw£,
onyx, a claw ; supposed to cure a tumour which rises near the
nail). Juss. mem. mus. 1. p. 388. D. C. prod. 3. p. 370. St.
Hil. fl. bras. 2. p.185. — Paronychia species of Tourn. Juss. gen.
— Illecebrum species of Lin.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia, Calyx 5-parted (f. 22.
f.} ; lobes concave, cucullate, generally mucronate at the apex
(f. 22. 6.). Petals or scales 5, subulate, alternating with the
lobes of the calyx. Stamens 5 (f. 22. a.). Style one, entire or
bifid (f. 22. rf.); lobes papilliferous inside. Capsule 1-seeded (f.
22. e.), membranaceous, indehiscent or 5-valved, covered by the
calyx.— Herbaceous or suffrutescent much branched plants.
Leaves opposite, stipulate ; stipulas scabrous, twin on both sides
between the leaves. Young leaves frequently in fascicles in the
axils of the old leaves. Flowers cymose or glomerate, but
usually crowded in the axils of the leaves.
SECT. I. CHJKTONY'CHIA (from \aiTrj, chaile, a head of hair,
and owl,, onyx, a claw ; in reference to the lobes of the calyx
ending in a bristle each). D. C. prod. 3. p. 370. Lobes of calyx
equal, dilated at the apex, membranous, ending in an awn on
the back. Scales or petals, or abortive stamens perhaps want-
ing. Flowers cymose.
1 P. ? CYMOSA (D. C. in Lam. diet. 5. p. 26. fl. fr. 3. p. 402.)
stems erect, branched, divaricate, puberulous ; leaves linear,
nearly terete, glabrous, awned ; flowers cymose, ultimate ones in
fascicles. O- H. Native of Spain, Greece, Mauritania, in
sandy places. Illecebrum cymosum, Lin. spec. 299. exclusive
of Bocc. syn. Vill. in Schrad. journ. 1801. p. 408. t. 4. Flowers
greenish. This plant is allied to Illecebrum, but is probably a
distinct genus.
Cymose Paronychia. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. PI. | foot.
SECT. II. EUNY'CHIA (altered from Paronychia. This section
is supposed to contain the genuine species of the genus). D. C.
prod. 3. p. 370. Lobes of calyx equal, awned, mucronate or
nearly unarmed, not dilated at the apex. Flowers crowded in
the axils of the leaves.
2 P. ECHINA'TA (Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 232. exclusive of Lin. syn.)
stems branched, prostrate, smoothish ; leaves oval, glabrous ;
flowers subsecund, crowded in the axils of the leaves, puberu-
lous ; lobes of calyx drawn out into somewhat divaricate awns.
Q. H. Native of Mauritania, Portugal, Corsica, Sicily, Pro-
vence, in sand by the sea side. Illecebrum echinatum, Desf. atl.
1. p. 204. Vill. in Schrad. journ. 1801. p. 409. t. 4. Smith, fl.
graec. t. 245. — Bocc. sic. t. 20. f. 3. Flowers greenish.
Echinaled-Rovrered Paronychia. Fl. July. Clt. 1821. PI.
prostrate.
3 P. BRASILIA' NA (D. C. in Lam. diet. 5. p. 23.) stems trail-
ing, puberulous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, narrowed both at the
base and apex, mucronate, pubescent on both surfaces ; flowers
crowded in the axils of the leaves ; calyx glabrous, deeply 5-
parted : lobes ending in a long mucrone each. (j . G. Native
of Buenos Ayres and Monte Video, by road sides. P. Bona-
riensis, D. C. prod. 3. p. 370. Flowers white.
Brazilian Paronychia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PI. tr.
4 P. COMMU'NIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 186.) stems trailing,
puberulous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, narrow at the base and
the apex, mucronate, pubescent on both surfaces ; flowers
crowded in the axils of the leaves ; calyx turbinate, pubescent ;
lobes equal, ending in short points. 1J. . G. Native of Brazil,
in pastures in that part of the province of St. Paul called Cam-
PARONYCHIE&. VII. PARONYCHIA.
89
pos Geraes, and by the sea side in the province of St. Catharine.
Flowers deep brown.
Common Paronychia. PI. tr.
5 P. CHILE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 3. p. 370.) stems diffuse, tufted;
leaves crowded, oblong-linear, mucronate, smoothish ; flowers
crowded in the axils of the leaves ; lobes of calyx hardly mucro-
nate at the apex. 1£. F. Native of Chili, about Conception
and Valparaiso. Leaves of the younger branches subspinose
at the apex, of the adult ones acute. Stipulas oblong, scarious.
Chili Paronychia. PI. -j foot.
6 P. CAMPHOROSMOIDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 187.) stems
diffuse, pubescent ; leaves linear-subulate, keeled, mucronate,
puberulous ; flowers crowded in the axils of the leaves ; calyx
turbinate, smoothish : lobes equal, acutish. O- H. Native of
Brazil, in that part of the province of St. Paul called Campos
Geraes, near EgrejaVelha.
Camphorosma-like Paronychia. PI. -J to 1 foot.
7 P. ARA'BICA (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 130.) stems
diffuse, branched ; leaves oblong-linear, glabrous, awnedly mu-
cronate ; flowers sessile, rather crowded : lobes of calyx ending
in a long awn each. O- H. Native of Arabia and Egypt.
Corrigiola albella, Forsk. descr. p. 207. Illecebrum Arabicum,
Lin. mant. p. 51. Pers. ench. 1. p. 261. Bracteas silvery, awned
at the apex.
Arabian Paronychia. PI. diffuse.
8 P. POLYGONIFOLIA (D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 3. p. 403.) stems
trailing, branched; leaves oblong-linear, smoothish, acute, not
mucronate ; flowers rather crowded in the axils of the leaves ;
lobes of calyx ending in a short mucrone each. I/. H. Native
of Dauphiny, Spain, and Balearic Islands. Illecebrum polygo-
nifolium, Vill. in Schrad. journ. 1801. p. 410. t. 4. Illecebrum
verticillatum ft, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1205. Illecebrum alpinum,
Vill. dauph. 1. p. 296. This plant hardly differs from P. ar-
gentea, unless in the leaves being narrower.
Knot-grass-leaved Paronychia. PI. tr.
9 P. ARGE'NTEA (Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 230.) stems trailing,
branched ; leaves ovate, smoothish, acutish ; flowers axillary and
terminal, crowded ; lobes of calyx ending in a short mucrone
each. I/. H. Native of the south of Europe, in dry exposed
places. D. C. fl. fr. e4 3. vol. 3. p. 404. Illecebrum Parony-
chia, Lin. spec. p. 299. Smith, fl. grsec. t. 246. — Barrel, icon.
t. 726. P. argentea and P. Hispanica, D. C. diet. ency. 5. p. 24.
There is a variety with rounder glabrous leaves. Bracteas white,
shining, acuminated. Perhaps the same as Illecebrum Italicum
and 111. Narbonense, Vill. in Schrad. journ. 1801. p. 411.
Var. ft, Mauritdnica (D. C. prod. 3. p. 371.) leaves broader ;
heads large, distant. I/ . H. Native of Mauritania and the
Archipelago. Illecebrum Mauritanicum, Willd. rel. in Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 516.
Silvery Paronychia. PI. tr.
10 P. CAPITA' TA (Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 229.) stems erectish ; leaves
oblong, keeled, ciliated, pubescent ; bracteas acuminated ; heads
of flowers terminal ; lobes of calyx linear, unequal. I/ . H.
Native of the south of Europe, in arid places. D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3.
vol. 3. p. 404. P. rigida, Mcench. meth. p. 315. Illecebrum
capitatum, Lin. spec. 1 . p. 299. Smith, fl. graec. t. 247 — Lob.
icon. 420. f. 1. Flowers white. Perhaps the same as Illece-
brum Lugdunense, Vill. in Schrad. journ. 1801. t. 4. 1
Capitate-flowered Paronychia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1683.
PL £ to \ foot.
11 P. SERPYLLIFOLIA (D. C. in Lam. diet. 5. p. 24. fl. fr. ed. 3.
vol. 3. p. 404.) stems prostrate, creeping, knotted, branched ;
leaves obovate, flat, rather fleshy, with ciliated margins ; flowers
terminal; bracteas acuminated ; lobes of calyx awnless. l/.H.
Native of the south of Europe, in arid places. Illecebrum ser-
pyllifolium, Vill. in Schrad. journ. 1801. t. 4. Flowers white.
VOL. III.
Var. ft, herniarioides (Pourr. chl. narb. p. 321.) leaves sub-
cordate.
Wild-thyme-leaved Paronychia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818.
PI. prostrate.
12 P. NIVEA (D. C. diet. ency. 5. p. 25.) stems erectish, much
branched ; leaves oblong, acute, flattish, pubescent ; bracteas
large, short-acuminated ; heads of flowers terminal ; lobes of
calyx awnless. I/.? H. Native of Spain, Italy, the Levant,
&c. in arid places. — Barrel, icon. t. 687. and 725. ? Illecebrum
niveum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 261. Illecebrum cephalotes, Bieb. fl.
taur. suppl. p. 169. Perhaps the same as 111. maritimum, Vill.
1. c. P. Arragonica, Schultes, syst. 5. p. 520. ? Flowers snow
white.
Snowy Paronychia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1812. PL |to|ft.
13 P. ARETIOIDES (D. C. prod. 3. p. 371.) stems fruticulose,
ascending, much branched ; branchlets hairy ; leaves clothed
with silky pubescence, oval-oblong, obtuse, not exceeding the
stipulas; bracteas obtuse; heads of flowers terminal. If.. H.
Native of Spain, in the province of Valentia. Illecebrum are-
tioides, Pourr. ined. ex L. Dufl. in litt.
Aretia-like Paronychia. PL \ to -j foot.
14 P. CANARIE'NSE (Juss. mem. mus. 1. p. 389.) stem
shrubby, erect, branched at the apex ; branches rather hoary
from short white hairs ; leaves ovate, acute, downy ; cymes
panicled, branched, loose ; bracteas mucronately awned at the
apex, but not hiding the flowers. ^ . G. Native of Teneriffe.
Habit of Polycarpcea Canariensis, but differs in the ovarium
being 1-seeded.
Canary Paronychia. PL ^ to ^ foot.
15 P. SMI'THII (Choisy, mss. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 371.)
stem shrubby, erect, branched; leaves linear-oblong, acumi-
nated, nerveless, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous ;
cymes few-flowered, loose : lobes of calyx mucronately awned.
Tj . G. Native of the Canary Islands.
Smith's Paronychia. Shrub -y to ^ foot.
16 P. HERNIARIOIDES (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 159.) plant her-
baceous, trailing, crowded, downy all over ; leaves oblong-oval,
ciliated, terminated by a bristle ; lobes of calyx subulate, ending
each in a spreading setaceous acumen. 7£.H. Native of South
Carolina, in arid sandy places. Anychia herniarioides, Michx.
fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 113. Anychia Herniariae, Pers. ench. 1.
p. 261.
Rupture-wort-like Paronychia. PL tr.
17 P. DICHO'TOMA (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 159.) plant rather
herbaceous, tufted, procumbent, glabrous ; leaves linear, acerose,
acute, marked by a double line on the back ; stipulas bifid ;
cymes dichotomous ; bracteas shorter than the flowers ; lobes of
calyx ending in a short mucrone each. I/ . H. Native of Vir-
ginia, on rocks at the river Shenondoah. Achyranthes dichotoma,
Lin. mant. p. 51.
Dichotomous Paronychia. PL procumbent.
18 P. AROYRO'COMA (Nutt. 1. c. p. 160.) plant herbaceous,
tufted, procumbent, pubescent ; leaves linear, acutely pungent,
villous, nerveless ; stipulas entire ; cymes dichotomous ; brac-
teas about equal in length to the flowers ; lobes of calyx mucro-
nate. I/ . H. Native of Lower Carolina and of Tennessee,
among rocks on the mountains. Anychia argyrocoma, Michx.
fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 114. In habit this plant approaches the
preceding. Stipulas elongated. Bracteas acuminated. Flowers
white.
Silvery-tufted Paronychia. PL procumbent.
19 P. SESSILIFLORA (Nutt. 1. c. p. 160.) plant densely tufted,
much branched, glabrous ; leaves linear-subulate, acute : superior
ones longer, recurved ; stipulas about equal in length to the
leaves, bifid ; flowers terminal, sessile ; lobes of calyx arched
on the inside at the apex, and ending in a long awn each on the
N
90
PARONYCHIE.&. VII. PARONYCHIA. VIII. PENTACJENA. IX. CAEDIONEMA. X. POLYCARP.EA.
FIG. 22.
outside. It. H. Native of North
America, on the more elevated
hills about the Missouri, near
Fort Mandan ; on the dry banks
of the north branch of the Saskat-
chewan, between Carlton House
and Edmonton House. Hook. fl.
bor. amer. 1. p. 227. t. 75. (f.
22.)
Sessile -flowered Paronychia.
PI. foot.
SECT. III. ACANTHONY'CHIA
(from aKavSoe, acanthos, a spine,
and ow£, onyx, a claw ; in refer-
ence to the 3 outer lobes of the
calyx, being each furnished with
an awn-like spine at the apex). D. C. prod. 3. p. 372. Lobes of
calyx unequal, 3 outer ones furnished each with an awn-like spine
at the apex, 2 inner ones small, and nearly unarmed. Stigmas 2,
sessile.
20 P. ROSE'TTA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 188. t. 113.) stems
trailing, woolly ; leaves linear-subulate, mucronate, smoothish ;
lobes of calyx unequal, 3 outer ones the largest, and furnished
with a long mucrone each : 2 inner ones smaller, and nearly awn-
less. Flowers crowded in the axils of the leaves. 1/..G. Na-
tive of Brazil, in the province of St. Catharine, in sand by the
sea side, where it is called by the inhabitants Rosetta. Probably
a species of Pentacce na.
Rosetta Paronychia. PI. tr.
f Species not sufficiently known.
21 P. TENUIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 372.) stem branched,
diffuse, hairy; leaves linear-lanceolate, somewhat ciliated;
flowers axillary, longer than the stipulas. 0. H. Native
country unknown. Illecebrum tenuifolium, Willd. enum. suppl.
p. 12.
Fine-leaved Paronychia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI.
procumbent.
22 P. SEDIFOLIA (Salt. itin. abyss, ed germ. 1. p. 476. ex
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 523.) This species is not de-
scribed.
Stone-crop-leaved Paronychia. PI.
t Plants referred by authors to the genus Paronychia, which
are to be excluded.
1 P. lanuginbsa (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 302.) is probably a
species of Gomphrena.
2 P. Bengalensis (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 521. but not
of Juss.) is probably a species of Achyranthes.
3 P. tenella (Hortul. or Illecebrum tenellum of Desf.) is per-
haps a species of Alternanthera.
4 P. dichotoma (D. C. in Lam. diet, but not of Nutt.) is Her-
niaria dichotoma.
5 P. subulata is Polycarpae'a spadicea.
6 P. linearifolia is now Polycarpse'a linearifolia.
Cult. All the species of this genus are well adapted for orna->
menting rock-work, from their dwarf stature, and generally
trailing habit. Most of them, however, grow best in small pots
in sand and loam, filling the pots half way with sherds ; and
they are easily increased by dividing the plants at the root, or
by cuttings under a hand-glass, or by seeds. The seeds of the
annual species only require to be sown in the open border or on
rock-work. Some of the species are marked green-house and
frame ; these require to be protected from frost in winter.
VIII. PENTAGON A (from irtvrf, pente, five, and ara.va,
akaina, a thorn ; in reference to the 5 spiny lobes of the calyx).
Bartling in reliq. Hcenk. 2. p. 5. t. 49. f. 1.
LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted ; segments
very unequal : 3 outer ones spiny at the apex, and woolly on the
margins : 2 inner ones much shorter, boat-shaped, and armed on
the back. Stamens 5, without any sterile filaments ; anthers 2-
celled. Stigmas 2, short. Fruit 1 -seeded.
1 P. RAMOSI'SSIMA (Hook, et Am. in bot. misc. 3. p. 248.)
stems trailing, woolly ; leaves linear-subulate, mucronate ; lobes
of calyx unequal, all linear and hood-formed, ending each in a
very long point on the back ; flowers sessile, axillary, crowded.
7£ . G. Native of Brazil, on the confines of the province of Rio
Grande de St. Pedro do Sul, and of the province of Cisplatin ;
and among rocks about Monte Video ; of Chili, in Las Achiras,
province of Cordova, Valparaiso, and Buenos Ayres ; also of
Mexico, at the foot of Mount Orizaba. Paronychia ramosissima,
D. C. prod. 3. p. 372. mem. paron. p. 12. t. 4. Loeflingia
ramosissima, Weinm. in bot. zeit. p. 608. Pent, polychnemo-
noides, Bartl. in Presl. reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 5. t. 49. f. 1. Stipulas
scarious, woolly.
Much-branched Pentacsena. PI. tr.
Cult. See Paronychia for culture and propagation.
IX. CARDIONE'MA (from icap&a, cardia, the heart, and
vnfia, nema, a filament ; in reference to the sterile filaments
being obcordate). D. C. prod. 3. p. 372. — Bivonee'a, Moc. et
Sesse, fl. mex. ined. but not of D. C. nor Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted ; lobes conniv-
ing, rather coloured inside, and rather concave, drawn out on the
back at the apex into a long straight conical horn each. Petals
wanting. Stamens 5, opposite the lobes of the calyx, and inserted
in their base ; 2 of which are sterile, obcordate, and flat : and 3
fertile, obcordate at the base, bearing each a slender antheriferous
filament in the recess ; anthers roundish, 2-celled. Styles 2,
hardly concrete at the base, long, revoluie. Fruit 1 -seeded,
ovate-oblong. — A small many-stemmed herb. Leaves opposite,
crowded, rather distich, linear, acute. Flowers sessile, axillary,
small, greenish white, each furnished with 5 bracteas, 4 of the
bracteas linear and entire, the fifth larger and serrulated.
1 C. MULTICAU'LE (D. C. prod. 3. p. 373. mem. par. t. 1.)
If.. G. Native of Mexico. Bivonae'a multicaulis, Moc. et
Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined.
Many-stemmed Cardionema. PL small.
Cult. This plant is to be cultivated and propagated in the
same manner as that recommended for the species of Paronychia.
It will require protection in winter, by placing it in a frame
or green-house.
Tribe HI.
POLYCARP^^E (this tribe contains plants agreeing with
Pulycarpce'a in important characters). D. C. prod. 3. p. 373.
Calyx 5-parted (f. 23. a.). Petals 5 (f. 23. d.) or wanting.
Stamens 1-5, inserted in the bottom of the calyx. Styles 2-3,
sometimes distinct from the base, and sometimes connected.
Capsule 1 -celled (f. 23. e.), many-seeded. Seeds fixed to the
central placenta. — Herbs or subshrubs. Leaves opposite. Sti-
pulas scarious. The stamens in some of the genera are nearly
hypogynous, as in Polyc&rpon, and altogether so in Polycar-
pcea, Stipulicida, and Ortegia, and therefore these genera verge
very closely on the order Caryophyllece, but are distinguished
from them in the presence of stipulas, and number of stamens :
the habit agrees with ParonychiecE.
X. POLYCARP^%A (from TTO\V, poly, many, and Kapwoe,
carpos, a fruit ; a name, however, only indicating its affinity with
Polycarpon). Lam. journ. hist. nat. 2. p. 8. t. 25. D. C. prod.
3. p. 373. St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 182.— Hagsea, Vent. tabl. 2.
8
PARONYCHIEjE. X. POLYCARP^A.
91
p. 240. — Mollia, Willd. hort. berol. 1. p. 11. — Lahaya, Rcem. et
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 402. — Hyala, Lher. mss. — Anthyllis species,
Adans. — Polia, Lour.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogyma. Calyx more or less deeply
5-parted, permanent ; lobes membranous, flatfish, neither keeled
nor mucronate. Petals 5, inserted in the bottom of the calyx,
and opposite its lobes. Style one, 3-furrowed at the apex. Cap-
sule 1 -celled, trigonal, 3-valved, many-seeded. Seeds rather reni-
form. — Branched dichotomous herbs. Leaves opposite, stipulate,
young ones disposed in fascicles in the axils of the old leaves.
Flowers cymose ; cymes usually forming a terminal corymb.
1 P. GNAPHALODES (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 473.) stems suffruticose,
prostrate ; leaves oblong, clothed with hoary tomentum ; flowers
crowded into terminal subcapitate cymes. % . F. Native about
Mogodor, on the coast of Africa, in sandy places ; and of the
Grand Canary Island and Teneriffe. Illecebrum gnaphalodes,
Schousb. mar. 1. p. 117. Polycarpse'a microphylla, Cav. anal,
scienc. no. 7. p. 25. Hagea gnaphalodes, Pers. ench. 1. p. 262.
Lahaya gnaphalodes, Schultes, syst. 5. p. 405. Mollia gnapha-
lodes, Spreng. syst. 1 . p. 794. Flowers white.
Cottony Polycarpaea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. pros.
2 P. LATIFOLIA (Poir. 1. c.) stems suffruticose, diffuse ; leaves
obovate, mucronate by an awn ; cauline leaves usually 6 in a
whorl, those of the branches opposite ; cymes terminal, corym-
bosely capitate ; stipulas, bracteas, and calyxes scarious, and
acuminated. fj . F. Native of Teneriffe, among rocks in
woods. Mollia latifolia, Willd. enum. 1. p. 269. Schrank, pi.
rar. hort. mon. t. 29. Lahaya latifolia, Schultes, syst. 5. p. 403.
Flowers white.
Broad-leaved Polycarpaea. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1810. PL
i foot.
3 P. TENERIFFE (Lam. journ. hist. nat. 2. p. 8. t. 25.) stem
branched, diffuse ; cauline leaves petiolate, ovate, usually 6 in a
whorl ; cymes dichotomous, corymbose, many-flowered ; lobes
of calyx with membranous margins. O- H. Native of Tene-
riffe, by way sides. Illecebrum divaricatum, Ait. hort. kew. ed.
1. vol. 1. p. 291. Hagea Teneriffae, Pers. ench. 1. p. 262.
Mollia diffusa, Willd. hort. berol. 1. t. 11. Lahaya diffusa,
Schult. syst. 5. p. 40^/ Flowers white.
Teneriffe Polycarpaea. PL ^ to ^ foot.
4 P. ARISTA'TA (Chr. Smith in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 373.)
stems branched, suffruticulose ; leaves usually 6 in a whorl, lan-
ceolate-linear : young ones silky, mucronated by an awn : old
ones nearly glabrous, and almost awnless ; cymes corymbose,
terminal ; calyxes with membranous margins. Tj . F. Native
of the Canary Islands, on the Pico de Teyde. Illecebrum aris-
tatum, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 1. p. 290. Mollia aristata,
Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 62. Lahaya aristata, Schult.
syst. 5. p. 403. Stems erect or diffuse. Flowers white.
Anmed-]eaved Polycarpaea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1780. PI.
| to | foot.
5 P. MEMPHITICA (Delil. fl. egypt. p. 67. t. 24. f. 2.) stems
herbaceous, diffuse, branched, villous ; leaves usually 6 in a
whorl, oval-oblong, narrowed into the petiole ; cymes terminal,
few-flowered ; calyx pubescent, with membranous margins. 0.
H. Native of fields about Cairo, and along the banks of the
Nile, and in its islands. Style very short : stigmas 3, nearly
sessile. Petals quite entire. This plant, although very distinct,
is joined with P. gnaphalodes by Spreng.
Memphitic Polycarpaea. PL diffuse.
6 P. FRA'OILIS (Delisle, fl. egypt. p. 65. t. 24. f. 1.) stems
herbaceous, prostrate, brittle ; leaves opposite, aggregate, lan-
ceolate, mucronate, with replicate edges ; cymes corymbose, ter-
minal, many-flowered. 11 . F. Native of Egypt, in the deserts
about the pyramids, &c. Mollia fragilis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 795.
Style filiform, length of petals. Seeds 8-10. Flowers white.
Var. a, incana (D. C. prod. 3. p. 374.) stem and leaves cloth-
ed with grey tomentum.
Var. f), vlrens (D. C. I. c.) leaves glabrous. — Corrigiola re-
pens, Forsk. descr. p. 207. ex Delisle.
Brittle Polyearpsea. PL prostrate.
7 P. STELLA'TA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 374.) stems diffuse, much
branched, suffruticulose ; leaves usually 6 in a whorl, linear, flat,
and are, as well as the branches, rather pilose ; cymes terminal,
many-flowered, corymbose; calyxes scarious. ©• F. Native
of Guinea. Achyranthes stellata, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1195.
Mollia stellata, Willd. hort. berol. Lahaya stellata, Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 403 Root perpendicular, simple. Habit of P. Te-
neriffce, but differs in the leaves being linear.
Stellate-leaved Polycarpaea. FL June, Aug. Clt. 1820.
PL | foot.
8 P. CORYMBOSA (Lam. ill. no. 2798.) stems erect, herbaceous,
tomentose ; branches divaricate ; leaves usually 6 in a whorl,
linear, awned ; cymes corymbose, loosish ; calyxes scarious,
acuminated. 1£.? F. or Q. Native of Ceylon. Achyranthes
corymbosa, Lin. spec. p. 296. (exclusive of the synonyme of
Plukenet, which is referrible to Celosia Monsbnice). Willd. spec.
1. p. 1196. (exclusive of the synonyme of Loureiro, which is
referrible to Polycarpc^a spadicea). Lahaya corymbosa, Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 404. Pol. I'ndica, Lam. journ. hist. nat. 2. p. 8.
Celosia corymbosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 310.? — Bocc. mus. 44.
t. 39. good. — Burm. zeyl. t. 65. f. 2. Flowers white.
Corymbose-fioweied Polycarpaea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823.
PL 1 foot.
9 P. SPADI'CEA (Lam. 1. c. no. 2799.) stems ascending, diffuse,
branched, suffruticose at the base ; branches tomentose ; leaves
linear, bluntish, when young rather tomentose ; cymes terminal,
corymbose ; calyxes scarious. I/ . ? Tj . ? S. Native of the East
Indies, on the coasts of Malabar and Tranquebar. — Rheed. mal.
10. t. 66. Celosia corymbosa, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1200. exclu-
sive of the synonyme of Retz. Mollia spadicea, Willd. hort.
berol. Lahaya spadicea, Schultes, syst. 5. p. 405. Polia are-
naria, Lour. coch. p. 164. Allied to P. corymbosa, but is
more diffuse in habit ; leaves broader and shorter, in more dis-
tant whorls ; lobes of calyx less acuminated. Perhaps Parony-
chia subulata, D. C. in Lam. diet. 5. p. 25. or Illecebrum subu-
latum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 261. is referrible to this species.
Chestnut-brown Polycarpsea. PL 1 foot, diffuse.
10 P. BRASILIE'NSIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 183.) stems erect,
puberulous ; leaves linear-subulate, with revolute margins, mu-
cronate, puberulous ; cymes corymb-formed ; calycine lobes very
acute, puberulous ; petals ovate-orbicular, one-half shorter than
the calyx. 1£. S. Native of Brazil, in that part of the pro-
vince of St. Paul called Campos Geraes, near Fazenda de Jaqua-
riahiba. Flowers densely clothed with white tomentum. Petals
at first white, but at length of a dirty yellow-colour. Root fusi-
form, with many stems rising from the neck.
Far. ft, ramosissima (St. Hil. 1. c.) stems much branched;
leaves setaceous ; cymes branched ; flowers a little smaller than
those of the species. Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz,
on the sandy Mountain called Serra dos Pyrenees ; also on
the road to Campo Allegre, in the province of Minas Geraes.
Brazilian Polycarpaea. PI. | to | foot.
11 P. TENUIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 374.) stems erect,
branched ; leaves opposite, linear-subulate, keeled below ; cymes
terminal, dichotomous, corymbose ; calyxes scarious, length of
capsule. Tj . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Achyranthes tenui-
folia, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1196. Mollia tenuifolia, Willd. hort.
berol. Lahaya tenuifolia, Schult. syst. 1. p. 404. Leaves with
revolute margins. Stipulas minute, diaphanous.
Fine-leaved Polycarpaea. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI.
\ to | foot.
N 2
92
PARONYCHIEjE. X. POLYCARWEA. XI. STIPULICIDA. XII. BALARDIA. XIII. AVERSIA.
12 P. GLABRIFOLIA (D. C. 1. c. and mem. par. t. 5.) stems
erect, branched, suffruticose ; branches pubescent ; leaves gla-
brous, oblong-linear, bluntish, twice the length of the stipulas ;
cymes terminal, dense, many-flowered, in crowded heads. Tj . ?
2/ . ? S. Native of Sierra Leone. This species differs from P.
tenuifolia in the leaves not being subulate, nor keeled, nor with
revolute edges ; in the stipulas being large, and in the flowers
being capitate.
Glabrous-leaved Polycarpsea. PL 1 foot.
13 P. LiNEARirbuA (D. C. 1. c. and mem. par. t. 6.) stems
erect, or somewhat ascending at the base, branched ; branches
pubescently hairy ; leaves linear, elongated, pubescent, 3 times
longer than the stipulas ; cymes crowded into a dense terminal
roundish head. 0. F. Native of Senegal. Paronychia lineari-
folia, D. C. in Lam. diet. 5. p. 26. Illecebrum linearifolium,
Pers. ench. 1. p. 261. Alternanthera erecta, Rchb. in Sieb. pi.
exsic. seneg. no. 60. Habit of Celosia, but the characters are
those of Polycarpcea.
Linear-leaved Polycarpaea. PL 1 foot.
14 P. FRANKENIOIDES (Presl. in Hoenk. reliq. 2. p. 6.) stems
much branched, diffuse, procumbent, roughish ; branches oppo-
site ; leaves opposite, oblong, obtuse, clothed with rough pubes-
cence ; flowers in dichotomous corymbose panicles ; sepals blunt-
ish, pilose. ©. H. Native of the Island of Luzon.
Frankenia-like Polycarpasa. PL procumbent.
•\ Species not sufficiently known.
15 P. CARNOSA (Chr. Smith in Buch. can. p. 142.) stem
shrubby ; leaves 6 in a whorl, fleshy : lower ones spatulate :
upper ones lanceolate ; stipulas very short, jagged. Jj . G. Na-
tive of the Canary Islands.
Fleshy Polycarpeea. Shrub -j foot.
16 P. SMI'THII (Link in Buch. can. p. 142.) leaves 6 in a
whorl, linear, glabrous, obtuse ; stipulas very short ; panicle
dichotomous ; branchlets divaricate ; bracteas ovate, shorter
than the calyx. J? . G. Native of the Canaries, in the island
of Palma, at Cumbre de Caldera. Very nearly allied to P. stel-
Idta but differs in the panicle.
Smith's Polycarpaea. PL -j- to \ foot.
1 7 P. ? MINUARTIOIDES (D. C. prod. 3. p. 375.) stem shrubby,
branched ; branches tomentose ; leaves subulate, crowded ;
cymes axillary, few-flowered. fj . F. Native of the south of
Spain. Mollia minuartioides, Spreng. mant. 1. p. 37. ex Schultes.
Lahaya minuartioides, Schultes, syst. 5. p. 406. This is a very
doubtful species, being omitted in Spreng. syst.
Minuartia-like Polycarpaea. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1826. Pl.^ft.
18 P. ? DEPRE'SSA (D. C. I.e.) stems herbaceous, depressed,
diffuse ; leaves opposite, crowded into something like whorles,
wedge-shaped ; stipulas 4-cleft ? flowers terminal, triandrous ;
calyx fleshy; petals linear, 4-toothed at the apex. 0. F.
Native of the East Indies. Pharnaceum depressum, Lin. mant.
p. 564. Lceflingia I'ndica, Retz, ind. p. 48. Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p.
169. This plant is certainly neither a Lceflingia nor a Pharna-
ceum ; from the stipulas and many-seeded capsule, it agrees more
nearly with Polycarpce"a, but differs in the fleshy calyx, and
triandrous flowers : perhaps it is more nearly allied to PoUichia,
but the calyx in this plant is said to be 5-parted.
Depressed Polycarpaea. PL depressed.
Cult. The seeds of the annual species of Polycarpce"a should
be reared on a hot-bed early in spring. The perennial and
shrubby species being either green-house, or frame plants,
require to be kept in their respective places : they are easily in-
creased by cuttings under a hand-glass, those of the stove species
in heat.
XI. STIPULI'CIDA (from stipula, a stipula, and ccedo, to
cut ; stipulas cut or jagged). Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 26. t.
6. Ell. sketch, p. 51. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 29. D. C. prod. 3.
p. 375. — Polycarpon species, Pers. Roem. and Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Triandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted ; lobes
oval, with membranous margins. Petals 5, cuneate-oblong, en-
tire. Stamens 3, inserted with the petals into the disk or torus.
Style short ; stigmas 3. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved. Seeds
few, fixed by funicles to the central placenta. — Small perennial
dichotomous herbs, native of North America. Radical leaves
almost like those of Polycarpce^a Teneriffae, ovate, petiolate ;
cauline leaves sessile, opposite, small. Stipulas jagged. Flowers
small, tern, terminal. An intermediate genus between Poly-
carpon and Polycarpts a, from the sepals being flatfish as in Po-
lycarpda, and in the stamens being 3, as in Polycarpon ; but
differs from both in the petals and stamens being expressly hypo-
gynous according to Richard in Michx. 1. c. ; the genus therefore
perhaps ought to have been placed in Caryophyllece.
1 S. SETA'CEA (Michx. 1. c.) %. F. Native of Lower
Carolina, in sandy arid places. Polycarpum stipulifidum, Pers.
ench. 1. p. 111. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 90. Plant gla-
brous, setaceous, erect, many times dichotomous.
Setaceous Stipulicida. PL -j foot.
Cult. See Ortegia, p. 93. for culture and propagation.
XII. BALA'RDIA (in honour of M. Balard, of Montpelier,
who was the first to detect a new chemical principle called
brome). St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 180.
LIN. SYST. Di-Tetrdndria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-parted almost
to the base, permanent ; segments Saltish. Petals none. Sta-
mens 2-3-4, inserted in the receptacle. Styles 3, very short,
papilliferous inside. Capsule 3-valved, many-seeded ; valves
membranous. Seed subovoid, fixed to the central placenta. —
An annual, branched, dichotomous herb, with opposite, stipu-
late leaves, and cymose flowers.
1 B. PLATE'NSIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 181. t. 111.) leaves
linear, about equal in length to the internodes, mucronulate ;
cymes branched, many-flowered. ©. H. Native of Brazil, in
the southern part of the province of Cisplatine, near Povo de
Canelones ; and in the western part near Pueblo de las Viboras ;
also of Buenos Ayres.
Plate Balardia. PL ^ foot.
Cult. The seeds of this plant should be sown on a hot-bed
in spring, and the plants may be planted out in the open border
in the month of May, in any warm dry situation. Not worth
cultivating, excepting in a botanic garden.
XIII. AVE'RSIA (in honour of M. Avers, D. M. P., who
has written a dissertation on the Nicoliana Tabdcum, in which he
treats of its various qualities). St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 184.
LIN. SYST. Triandria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 5-parted,
permanent ; lobes thickened in the middle, keeled. Petals 5,
inserted in the bottom of the calyx. Stamens 3, inserted with
the petals; filaments dilated at the base, joined to the petals
and together at the base. Style 1, trifid ; lobes papilliferous
inside. Capsule 3-valved, many-seeded ; valves membranous.
Seeds fixed to the central placenta, cylindrical. Embryo in the
middle of fleshy albumen, not at one side as in Polycarpce a. —
A trailing branched herb, with opposite stipulate leaves ; young
leaves or abortive branches in fascicles in the axils of the -older
leaves. Cymes branched, many-flowered.
1 A. FRANKENIO!DES (St. Hil. 1. c. t. 112.) stems trailing,
branched ; leaves lanceolate, bluntish, narrowed into the petiole,
pubescent; cymes many-flowered ; segments of calyx obtuse,
pubescent ; petals and stamens one half shorter than the calyx.
©. H. Native of Brazil, on the sandy banks of the rivers
Parahyba, Rio Doce, Jiquitiuhonha, Rio de St. Francisco, &c.
Flowers white.
PARONYCHIE^;. XIV. ORTEGIA. XV. POLYCARPON. XVI. CERDIA.
93
Frankenia-like Aversia. PI. trailing, -| foot.
Cult. See Baldrdia above for culture and propagation.
XIV. ORTFGIA (in honour of Joseph E. de Ortega, a
Spanish botanist, companion of Lcefling in his travels. See
Lopfl'mgia). Lcefl. itin. p. 112. Lin. gen. no. 51. Gsertn. fr.
2. p. 224. t. 129. f. 8. Ser. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 388. and 3.
p. 375. — Ortega, Lin. spec. ed. 1. — Juncaria, Clus.
LIN. SYST. Tridndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals, or
5-parted ; sepals erect, oblong, a little keeled. Petals wanting.
Stamens 5, 3 of which are fertile, inserted in the torus in front of 3
of the sepals ; the other 2 almost vanished, or small, sterile, and
scale-formed. Ovarium ovate. Style 1, capitate at the apex, or
bifid. Capsule 3-valved. Seeds numerous, fixed to the central
placenta. Embryo straight, placed on the back of the albumen. —
Erect, much-branched herbs. Leaves opposite, linear, with 2
black dots at the sides, from which the stipulas have fallen. Cymes
dichotomous, many-flowered. Flowers greenish-white. Stamens
hypogynous, as in Stipulicida and Polycarpee"a.
1 O. HISPA'NICA (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 560.) stigma capitate.
11 . H. Native of Spain, about Madrid and many other places.
Cav. icon. 1. t. 47.— Clus. hist. 2. p. 174. f. 2. Vahl. enum. 2.
p. 25.
Spanish Ortegia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1768. PL £ foot.
2 O. DICHOTOMA (Lin. mant. p. 175.) stigma trifid. 3£. H.
Native of Italy and Piedmont, about Giavena. All. act. taur.
3. p. 176. t. 4. f. 1. D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 726. Vahl.
symb. 2. p. 25. Cyme more loose than that of the first species,
and therefore it is more distinctly dichotomous, but divided in
a similar way.
Dichotomous Ortegia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Cl. 1781. PL £ foot.
Cult. The species thrive best in light soil ; and are increased
by cuttings or seeds. They are well fitted for rock work, or to
be grown in small pots among other alpine plants.
XV. POLYCA'RPON (from tro\v, poly, many, and rapjroe,
Icarpos, a seed; seeds numerous). Lcefl. in Lin. gen. no. 105.
Gaertn. fr. 2. t. 129. Lari. ill. t. 51. Juss. mem. mus. 2. p.
390. B.C. prod. 3. p. (.76.— Trichlis, Hall, gcett.— Anthyllis
species, Adans.
LIN. SYST. Tri-Pentdndria, Trigynia. Calyx deeply 5-
cleft (f. 23. a.), permanent ; segments concave, keeled, mucronate
at the apex. Petals 5 (f. 23. b.), emarginate, inserted in the
tube of the calyx. Stamens 3-5, inserted in the tube of the
calyx. Style trifid; lobes papilliferous inside. Capsule 1-celled,
3-valved (f. 23. e.), many-seeded. Seeds nearly ovoid, a little
curved, fixed to the central placenta. — Annual, branched, dicho-
tomous herbs. Leaves opposite, or 4 in a whorl ; young ones
usually disposed in fascicles in the axils of the old leaves.
Flowers in cymose corymbs. Stipulas and bracteas small, sca-
rious. — This genus agrees with Adenarium, but differs in the
stamens being equal in number to the petals, not as in Caryo-
phyllece, double that number.
* Flowers triandrous.
1 P. APURE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 40.)
flowers triandrous; petals emarginate? leaves 5-10 in a whorl.
O- H. Native of South America, on the banks of the river
Apures, in the province of de Varinas. Stems diffuse, pubes-
cent. Leaves linear-spatulate. Cymes dichotomous. Lobes
of calyx obtuse. Stamens and styles 3.
Apures All-seed. PI. -| to £ foot.
2 P. TETRApHY'iLUM(Lin. fil. suppl. 116.) flowers triandrous;
petals emarginate ; lower leaves 4 in a whorl ; rameal ones op-
posite, obovate-oblong, rounded at the apex, mucronulate, shorter
than the internodes. Q. H. Native of Europe, Canary Islands;
Brazil on walls, about the town of St. Paul. In England, on the
FIG. 23.
west coast ; on various parts of the coast of Devonshire, Somef-
setshire, and Portland Island. —
Smith, engl. bot. 1. 1031. Krock.
fl. siles. t. 42. Mollugo tetra-
phylla, Lin. spec. 1. p. 89.
Var. j3, diphyllum (D. C. prod.
3. p. 376.) leaves all opposite.
O- H. Polycarpon diphyllum,
Cav. icon. 2. p. 40. t. 151. f.
1 . Paronychia striata, D. C. in
Lam. diet. 5. p. 25. ? Illece-
brum striatum, Pers. ench. 1.
p. 261.
Four-leaved All-seed. Fl. Ju.
Jul. Engl. PI. £ foot.
* * Flowers pentandrous.
S P. ALSINEFOLIUM (D. C. prod. 3. p. 376.) flowers pentan-
drous ; petals nearly entire : leaves oval, rather fleshy ; flowers
crowded into terminal cymes. Q. H. Native of Sicily, France,
between Cetta and Narbonne, and also of the Cape of Good
Hope and New Holland, on the sandy sea-coast. Bocc. sic.
p. 71. t. 38. Hagea alsinefolia, Biv. manip. 3. p. 7. Lahaya
alsinefolia, Schultes, syst. 5. p. 405. Mollia alsinefolia,
Schultes, syst. 1. p. 795. Holosteum tetraphyllum, Thunb. fl.
cap. p. 120. Polycarpon spec. Sieb. fl. nov. holl. no. 570. 1116-
cebrum alsinef olium, Lint, mant. 51. ? Very like P. tetraphyl-
lum, but differs in the leaves being smooth and oval ; and in the
flowers being pentandrous, larger, fewer, and more crowded.
Chickneed- leaved All-seed. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. ift.
4 P. PEPLOIDES (D. C. prod. 3. p. 376.) flowers pentandrous ;
petals quite entire ; leaves opposite, obovate; flowers crowded
into terminal cymes. % . F. Native of Sicily ; France about
Perpignon. Hagea polycarpoides, Biv. manip. 2. no. 3. Mollia
Polycarpon, Spreng. nov. prod. p. 28. Lahaya polycarpoides,
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 404. Aren&ria peploides, Lapeyr. abr. p.
251. but not of Lin. Very like P. tetraphyllum, and, as in it,
the leaves are sometimes 4 in a whorl ; but besides these charac-
ters, it differs in the leaves being rounder ; cymes denser ;
flowers a little larger, and pentandrous, &c.
Water Purslane-like Polycarpon. PI. £ foot.
Cult. The seeds of the annual species of the genus only
require to be sown in the open border in spring. The last spe-
cies being perennial, should be grown in a small pot, and placed
among other alpine plants.
XVI. CE'RDIA (in honour of Juan de Dios Nizente de la
Cerda, an artist attached to the Mexican expedition). Moc. et
Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 3. p. 377.
LIN. SYST. Mondndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted ; lobes
oblong ; petaloid inside, drawn out each into a long mucrone at
the apex. Petals wanting. Stamen 1, in front of one of the
calycine segments. Ovarium ovate-globose. Style filiform,
bifid at the apex. Capsule 1-celled, many-seeded, — Dwarf
Mexican herbs, intermediate between Herniaria and Pollichia.
Roots perennial, simple. Stems spreading. Leaves opposite,
or in something like whorls, linear, cuspidate. Stipulas mem-
branous, solitary between the opposite leaves. Flowers small,
axillary, subpedicellate ; pedicels furnished with 1-2 bracteas.
1 C. VIRE'SCENS (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C.
prod. 3. p. 377.) leaves opposite. I/ . G. Native of Mexico.
D. C. mem. par. t. 2. Flowers greenish-white inside.
Greenish-flowered Cerdia. PI. pr.
2 C. PURPURA'SCENS (Moc. et Sesse, 1. c.) leaves 4 together in
PARONYCHIEjE. XVII. POLLICHIA. XVIII. LITHOPHILA. XIX. SELLOWIA. SCLERANTHEjE.
a kind of whorl. I/ . G. Native of Mexico. Flowers purplish
inside.
Purplish Cerdia. PI. pr.
Cult. These plants will grow well in a mixture of loam and
sand, and are easily increased by dividing at the root, by cut-
tings, or by seeds.
Tribe IV.
POLLICHIE'^E (this tribe only contains the genus Pollichia').
D. C. prod. 3. p. 377. Calyx 5-toothed ; tube urceolate. Sta-
mens 1-2, inserted in the throat of the calyx. Petals wanting.
Stigma bifid. Fruit or utriculus valveless, 1-seeded. Bracteas
and calyx becoming large and fleshy after flowering, and forming
something like a berry. — Suffruticose herbs, with opposite, sub-
verticillate stipulaceous leaves.
XVII. POLLI'CHIA (in honour of John Adam Pollich,
M.D., author of a History of the native plants of the Pala-
tinate of the Rhine). Sol. in Ait. hort. kew. (1789) 1. p. 5. ;
3. p. 505. Juss. mem. mus. 2. p. 388. but not of Med. nor
Roth, nor Willd.— Neckeria, Gmel. syst. (1796) 1. p. 16. but
not of Hedw. nor Scop. — Meerburgia, Mcench, suppl. (1802)
p. 116.
LIN. SYST. Mondndria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulately
urceolate, 5-toothed, permanent. Petals wanting, unless the
scales at the throat are to be taken for them. Stamen 1 (ex
Moench. rarely 2) inserted in the throat of the calyx. Style
filiform ; stigma bifid. Capsule valveless, 1-seeded, inclosed
in the thickened tube of the calyx. — A suflfruticose branched herb.
Leaves linear, opposite, but at first sight appear verticillate, in
consequence of 2 rameal leaves rising in each axil, furnished
with scarious acute stipulas. Flowers small, aggregate, sessile,
bracteate.
1 P. CAMPE'STRIS (Ait. I.e. Smith, spicil. 1. t. 1.). Tj .? 7;.?
F. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Neckeria campestris,
Gmel. 1. c. Meerburgia glomerata, Mcench. 1. c. Flowers
greenish. Bracteas mixed with the flowers, ciliated ; scales full
of sweet juice.
Field Pollichia. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1780. PI. i foot.
Cult. The seeds of Pollichia must be raised on a hot-bed ;
and when the plants are 2 inches high, they may be planted out
singly into pots, placed among the greenhouse plants, and after-
wards treated like them.
t Genera placed in Paronychiece, but are not sufficiently known.
XVIII. LITHO'PHILA (from \idoc, lithos, a stone, and
4><\£o>, phileo, to love ; this plant delights to grow among stones).
Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 47. t. 1. D. C. prod. 3. p. 380.
LIN. SYST. Diandria, Monogynia. Calyx profoundly 3-
parted, acute. Petals 3, ovate-lanceolate. Scales, nectaries,
or abortive stamens 2, opposite the segments of the calyx.
Stamens 2, at one side of the ovarium. Style thick, bluntly
emarginate at the apex. Fruit unknown. — A very minute gla-
brous herb. Leaves stem-clasping, linear, obtuse. Flowers
white, crowded.
1 L. MUSCO!DES (Swartz, 1. c. p. 48.). — Native of the desert
island of Navaza, among rocks.
Moss-like Lithophila. PI. 1 inch.
Cult. This plant is not worth cultivating, unless in botanic
gardens. Should it ever be introduced to our gardens, we would
recommend its being grown in a pot filled with broken stones,
having the crevices filled with vegetable mould. It may pro-
bably be propagated by seeds.
XIX. SELLOWIA (in honour of Frederick Sello, a Ger-
man botanist, who was lately drowned in some creek of the
Amazon ; and who has sent home many fine collections of Bra-
silian plants). Roth. nov. spec. p. 162. D. C. prod. 3. p. 380.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx urceolate, 5-
cleft, membranous, 10-ribbed ; lobes short, lanceolate ; ribs
bearing alternately a petal and a stamen. Petals 5, oval, altern-
ating with the calycine lobes. Stamens 5, fixed in the middle
of the calycine lobes, and shorter than them ; anthers didy-
rnous. Style 1 ; stigma obtuse. Capsule 3-valved, 1 -celled,
1-seeded. — A quite glabrous herb, with the habit of Illecebrum
verlicillatum. Leaves opposite, oblong-oval. Flowers 1-2 in
the axils of the leaves, small, white, and somewhat pedicellate.
It is not known whether the leaves are stipulaceous or naked.
1 S. ULioiNbsA (Roth. 1. c. p. 163.). Native of the East
Indies, in bogs.
Bog Sellowia. PI. proc.
Cult. Place a pan of water under the pot in which this plant
is grown.
ORDER CXII. SCLERA'NTHE^ (plants agreeing in im-
portant characters with Scler&nthus). Link. enum. p. 417.
Bartl. ex Mart, nmarant, p. 67. — Paryonychiese, Tribe V. Scle-
ranthese, D. C. prod. 3. p. 377, &c.
Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 4-5-parted(f. 24. a.). Stamens
from 1 to 10, inserted in the orifice of the tube (f. 24. a.). Ova-
rium simple, 1-seeded. Styles 2 (f. 24. e.) or 1, emarginate at the
apex. Fruit a membranous utricle, inclosed within a hardened
calyx. Seed hanging from the apex of a funicle, which arises
from the bottom of the cell. Embryo cylindrical, curved round
farinaceous albumen. — Small herbs. Leaves opposite, without
stipulas. Flowers axillary, sessile. This order has been re-
ferred by De Candolle to Paronychiece, from which it differs in
the absence of petals and stipulas, and therefore appears to con-
stitute a distinct order, more nearly related to Chenopbdece than
Paronychiece, from which the plants chiefly differ in the indu-
rated tube of the calyx, from the orifice of which the stamens
proceed, and in the number of the latter exceeding that of the
divisions of the calyx. The tribe Minuartiece is probably not
distinguishable from Sclerdnlhece, notwithstanding the supposed
presence of petals, which would perhaps be more properly
called abortive stamens. All the plants contained in this order
are uninteresting weeds, of no known use.
Synopsis of the genera.
TRIBE I.
SCLERA'NTHEJE. Calyx 4-5-toothed (f. 24. a.), nith an urceo-
late tube. Petals none. Stamens 1-10, inserted in the throat of
the calyx (f. 24. a.). Styles 2 (f. 24. e.) or 1, emarginate at the
apex (f. 24. &•). Fruit an utricle, covered by the indurated tube
of the calyx, l-seeded. Seed hanging by a funicle, which arises
from the bottom of the capsule.
1 MNIA'RUM. Calyx 4-cleft, with an urceolate tube. Stamens
1. Styles 2.
2 SCLERA'NTHUS. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 24. a.), with an urceolate
tube. Stamens from 2 to 10. Styles 2 (f. 24. e.).
3 GUILLEMI'NEA. Calyx 5-cleft, with a campanulate tube.
Stamens 5. Style 1, emarginate at the apex.
TRIBE II.
QUERIA'CEJE. Calyx 5-parled. Petals none. Stamens 10,
SCLERANTHE^E. I. MNIARUM. II. SCI.ERANTHUS.
95
inserted in the bottom of the calyx. Capsule 3-valved. Seed
hanging from, a long funicle, which arises from the centre of the
cell.
4 QUE'RIA. The character is the same as that of the tribe.
TKIBE III.
MINUARTIE'JE. Calyx 5-parted. Petals wanting or very
minute. Stamens 3-10, inserted in the bottom of the calyx. Styles
3. Capsule \-celled, 3-valved, Seeds numerous, fixed to the
central placenta.
5 MINUA'RTIA. Lobes of calyx quite entire. Styles 3.
6 LCEFLI'NGIA. The 3 outer lobes of calyx bisetose at the
base. Style 1, trifid at the apex.
Tribe I.
SCLERA'NTHE$) (plants agreeing with Scleranthus in im-
portant characters). Paronychiese, Tribe V. Sclerantheae, D. C.
prod. 3. p. 377. Calyx 4-5-cleft, with an urceolate tube. Petals
wanting. Stamens 1-10, inserted in the throat of the calyx.
Styles 2 or 1 , emarginate at the apex. Fruit a 1-seeded mem-
branous utricle, covered by the indurated tube of the calyx.
Seed hanging from a long funicle, which arises from the bottom
of the cell, and which is recurved at the apex. — Herbs, with op-
posite exstipulate leaves.
I. MNIA'RUM (from fiviapoe, mniaros, mossy ; in reference
to the moss-like habit of the plants). Forst. gen. 1. t. 1. Lin.
fil. suppl. 18. R. Br. prod. p. 412. St. Hil. plac. lib. p. 58.
Juss. mem. mus. 2. p. 387. D. C. prod. 3. p. 378. — Ditoca,
Banks ex Gaertn. fr. 2. p. 196. t. 126.
LIN. SYST. Mondndria, Digynia. Calyx 4-cleft, permanent,
with an urceolate tube. Petals wanting. Stamen one, inserted
in the throat of the calyx. Ovarium free, 1-seeded. Styles 2.
Capsule valveless, membranous, covered by the indurated tube
of the calyx. Seed one, y\ in Scleranthus. — Australian herbs.
Leaves opposite, subulate. Peduncles axillary, bearing 4 brae-
teas and 2 flowers at the apex, becoming after flowering elon-
gated and stiff. The ovarium, according to Forster, is some-
times 2-seeded.
1 M. BIFLORUM (Forst. 1. c.) stems tufted ; branches quite
glabrous ; leaves denticulated at the base, the rest quite entire.
If.. G. Native of Van Diemen's Land, Maria Island in New
Holland, New Zealand, and of the Straits of Magellan. R. Br.
prod. p. 412. Forst. comm. goett. 1789. t. 1. M. peduncula-
tum, Labill. nov. holl. 1. t. 2. Ditoca muscosa, Gaertn. 1. c.
Two-flowered Mniarum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. \ ft.
2 M. FASCICULA'TUM (R. Br. prod. p. 412.) stems many from
the same neck, procumbent, branched ; branches clothed with
fine pubescence ; leaves denticulated their whole length, If. . G.
Native of Van Diemen's Land.
Fascicled Mniarum. PI. procumbent.
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand, will suit the species
of Mniarum, and they may be propagated either by seeds or
cuttings.
II. SCLERA'NTHUS (from (T/cXijpoe, scleros, hard, and av-
•&oc, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the dry juiceless calyx).
Lin. gen. no. 562. Gaertn. fruct. t. 126. R. Br. prod. 1. p. 412.
St. Hil. pi. libr. p. 58. Juss. mem. mus. 2. p. 387.
LIN. SYST. Penta-Decdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 24.
a.), permanent, with an urceolate tube. Petals wanting. Sta-
mens inserted in the throat of the calyx, 10 (f. 24. a.), rarely 5
or 2. Ovarium free, 2-seeded. Styles 2 (f. 24. e.). Capsule
FIG. 24-
very thin, valveless, covered by the indurated tube of the calyx.
Seed one, hanging from a long funicle, which arises from the
bottom of the capsule, and is recurved at the apex. — Small
herbs, with opposite linear leaves, which are rather connate at
the base. Flowers small, greenish white, sessile in the axils of
the forks of the branches.
1 S. PERE'NNIS (Lin. spec. 580.) flowers decandrous ; lobes of
fructiferous calyx closed, obtuse, with white and membranous
edges. I/ . H. Native of Europe and the Levant, in dry sandy
fields. In England, on high open sandy fields, rare ; as about
Eldon, Suffolk, and plentifully near Snettingham, Norfolk ; near
Bury St. Edmunds ; and Scotland, on a gravelly bank near For-
far. Schkuhr, handb. t. 120. Fl. dan. t. 563. Smith, engl. bot.
t. 352. — Ray, syn. p. 160. t. 5. f. 1. The Polish cochineal
(Coccus Polonicus) is found upon the roots in the summer
months.
Perennial Knawel. Fl. July, Aug. England. PI. prostrate.
2 S. POLYCA'RPUS (Lin. spec. p. 581.) flowers subdecan-
drous ; lobes of the calyx when in fruit rather spreading, and
without any margin, acute, shorter than the tube. O- H. Na-
tive in sandy fields about Montpelier, but never gathered else-
where in France ; also of Italy, according to Linnaeus. — Column,
ecphr. 1. t. 294. It differs from S. dnnuus at first sight, in the
flowers being one-half smaller ; but it is probably merely a variety
of it.
Many-fruited Knawel. PI. procumbent.
3 S. A'NNUUS (Lin. spec. p.
580.) flowers subdecandrous ;
lobes of fructiferous calyx spread-
ing, immarginate, acutish, about
equal in length to the tube. G).
H. Native of Europe, the Le-
vant, also of North America, in
dry sandy cultivated fields ; plen-
tiful in some parts of Britain.
Fl. dan. 504. Smith, engl. hot.- t.
351. Knawel annuum, Scop,
carp. p. 501. There is a variety,
according to Leers, which has
only 5 or 7 stamens to each
flower. The Swedes and Ger-
mans receive the vapour arising
from a decoction of it into their
mouths to cure the tooth-ache.
Annual Knawel. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. £ foot.
4 S. HIRSU'TUS (Presl. del. p. 65.) flowers with 5 petals and
5 stamens ; calyxes conniving, obtuse ; stamens equalling the
calyx in length ; anthers hairy ; stems pubescent. O-H. Na-
tive on Mount Etna, in the open regions. Leaves subulate, gla-
brous. Flowers capitate.
Hairy Knawel. PI. prostrate.
5 S. PU'NGENS (R. Br. prod. p. 412.) flowers pentandrous,
particularly having 5 fertile and 5 sterile stamens ; lobes of fruc-
tiferous calyx spreading; leaves subulate, triquetrous, mucro-
nate, pungent, rough on the keel and margins. Q. ? H. Na-
tive of New Holland, on the south coast.
Pungent-leaved Knawel. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI.
procumbent.
6 S. DIA'NDER (Rr. Br. prod. p. 412.) flowers diandrous :
stamens mixed with scales ; lobes of fructiferous calyx erect ;
leaves subulate, keeled, mucronulate, almost naked on the keel
and margins. Q. H. Native of Van Diemen's Land.
Diandrous Knawel. PI. procumbent.
Cult. The seeds of these plants only require to be sown in
the open border. None of the species are worth cultivating ex-
cept in botanic gardens.
96
SCLERANTHEjE. III. GUILLEMINEA. IV. QUERIA. V. MINUARTIA. VI. LCEFLINGIA.
III. GUILLEMI'NEA (in honour of John Anthony Guille-
min, an acute French botanist, who has written on the family of
plants called Gentianece, &c.). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.
6. p. 41. t. 518. D. C. prod. 3. p. 378.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft, with a
carnpanulate tube ; lobes equal. Petals wanting. Stamens 5,
inserted in the top of the tube, opposite the calycine lobes,
short: anthers 1 -celled. Style 1, somewhat emarginate at the
apex. Fruit an indehiscent 1-seeded utricle, covered by the
calyx. Seed hanging by a funicle, which arises from the bottom
of the capsule — A South American trailing herb, with opposite
branches. Stems woolly. Leaves glabrous, oblong, opposite,
exstipulate, but the petioles are connate at the base. Flowers
capitate, axillary. Bracteas under each flower.
1 G. ILLECEBRIOIDES(H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) If.. G. Native
of South America, near Quito, in the valley of St. Jago.
Illecebrum-like Guilleminea. PI. tr.
Cult. Any common light soil will suit this plant, and it may
be propagated from cuttings or seeds.
Tribe II.
QUERIAX3E.ZE (this tribe contains nothing but the genus
Queria). Calyx 5-parted. Petals wanting. Stamens 10, in-
serted in the bottom of the calyx. Capsule 3-valved. Seed 1,
on a long funicle, which rises from the centre of the capsule. —
Herbs, with opposite exstipulate leaves.
IV. QUE'RIA (in honour of Joseph Quer y Martinez, M.D.
professor of botany at Madrid; author of Flora Espanola, 1762).
Loefl. itin. p. 48. Lin. gen. no. 108. Lam. ill. t. 52. St. Hil.
plac. lib. p. 58. Juss. mem. mus. 2. p. 387. D. C. prod. 3.
p. 379.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Trigynia. Stamens 10, slender, un-
equal, sometimes 5 of which are sterile. Styles 3, very slender.
Capsule membranous, 1 -celled, 3-valved. Seed reniform when
mature. — Small stiff annual herbs. Leaves opposite, crowded,
setaceous, connate, recurved at the apex. Flowers in the axils
of the upper branches and superior leaves, sessile, solitary.
This genus is hardly distinct from Minudrtia, unless in the styles
being 3 ; in the valves being 3, and form of the seeds, which are
evidently solitary from abortion.
1 Q. HISPA'NICA (Lin. spec. p. 132.) O- H. Native of
Spain, in dry exposed places. Quer, fl. esp. 6. t. 15. f. 2. Ort.
cent. t. 15. f. 1.
Spanish Queria. Fl. Aug. July. Clt. 1800. PI. 1 to 2
inches.
•j- A doubtful species.
2 Q. TRICHOTOMA (Thunb. in Lin. soc. trans. 2. p. 529.) Q.
H. Native of Japan. Rubia, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 357. Stem
trichotomous. Flowers racemose. Corolla cylindrical, below the
fruit, Thunb. This plant does not probably belong to the
order.
Trichotomous Queria. PI. \ foot.
Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in the open ground
in any dry situation.
Tribe III.
MINUARTIE'^E (plants agreeing with Minuartia in import-
ant characters). Paronychieae, Tribe VII. Minuartiese, D. C.
prod. 3. p. 379. Calyx 5-parted. Petals wanting or very small.
Stamens 3-10, inserted in the bottom of the calyx. Styles 3.
Capsule 1 -celled, 3-valved. Seeds numerous, fixed to the cen-
tral placenta. — Annual herbs, natives of the south of Europe,
with opposite exstipulate leaves.
V. MINUA'RTIA (so named from John Minuart, a Spanish
apothecary, restorer of botany in Spain ; he constituted the
genus Cerviana, now Pharnaceum, and is commended by Loef-
fling). Loaf. itin. p. 48. Lin. gen. no. 107. Lam. ill. t. 52.
St. Hil. mem. plac. p. 59. Juss. mem. mus. 2. p. 386. D. C.
prod. 3. p. 379.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Trigynia. Sepals 5, hardly joined
at the very base, quite entire. Petals or abortive stamens 5,
small, alternating with the sepals. Stamens 5, opposite the
sepals, and longer than the petals. Styles 3, filiform. Capsule
1- celled, 3-valved. Seeds few, fixed to the central axis. —
Small annual herbs. Leaves opposite, setaceous, 3-5-nerved
at the base, quite entire. Flowers in the forks of the branches,
and in the axils of the upper leaves, solitary, small, sessile, or
on short pedicels ; constituting a leafy, dense, dichotomous
cyme. Petals bifid, or rather nectaries, (ex Lcefl.) Stamens
10, 5 abortive. (Steven.) Petals and stamens 10. (St. Hil.)
According to several specimens examined, the stamens are 10,
and the 5 alternate ones are sometimes converted into petals.
The genus differs from Lceflingia in the sepals being quite
entire, and from Queria in the fruit being many-seeded.
1 M. CAMPE'STRIS (Loefl. itin. p. 122.) flowers distinctly pe-
dicellate, equal in length, or a little longer than the floral leaves ;
sepals very unequal, 3 large and 2 smaller. Q. H. Native of
Spain, in dry sandy fields. Habit almost of Bujbnia. Act.
holm. 1758. t. 1. f. 3.
Field Minuartia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1806. PI. | to | foot.
2 M. DICHOTOMA (Lcefl. 1. c. p. 121. t. 1. f. 3.) flowers almost
sessile, in fascicles, shorter than the floral leaves ; sepals nearly
equal; mucrone of leaves oblique. O- H. Native of Spain,
on hills. Act. holm. 1758. t. 1. f. 5. Plant stiff, dusky.
Dichotomous Minuartia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1771. Pl.^to-Jft.
3 M.MONTANA (Loefl. 1. c. p. 122. t. 1. f. 4.) bundles of
flowers about equal in length to the bracteas ; sepals nearly
equal ; mucrone of leaves straight. Q. H. Native of Spain,
Tauria, and Iberia, on dry hills. — Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 90.
Mountain Minuartia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1806. PI. -5 to | ft.
Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in the open ground,
in any dry situation, in a light soil.
VI. LCEFLI'NGIA (so named in honour of Peter Lcefling,
one of the disciples of Linnaeus, who travelled in Spain and
America, and died on his travels in 1 756.). Lin. act. holm.
1758. p. 15. t. 1. f. 1. gen. p. 52. Lam. ill. t. 19. St. Hil.
mem. plac. lib. p. 59. Juss. mem. mus. 2. p. 386. D. C. prod.
3. p. 380.
LIN.
SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Sepals 5, connected at
the base, 3 outer ones bisetose at the base. Petals 5, small,
conniving, inserted in the bottom of the calyx. Stamens 5,
alternating with the petals, or 3, 2 of them being abortive ? Style
1, trifid at the apex, or divided into 3 from the base. Capsule
1 -celled, 3-valved. Seeds numerous, fixed to the central pla-
centa.— Small, annual herbs. Leaves opposite, exstipulate,
margined on both sides at the base, and appendiculated, these
appendages probably supply the place of stipulas. Flowers in
the forks of the branches, and in the axils of the upper leaves,
solitary, sessile.
1 L. HISPA'NICA (Lin. spec. p. 50.) flowers triandrous ; style
1, trifid at the apex. ©• H. Native of Spain, Mauritania,
and South of France, in dry sandy places. Lcefl. itin. t. 1. f. 1.
Cav. icon. 1. 1. 94. L. prostrata, Mcench. Herb clammy, pu-
bescent. Corolla white ; petals obovate, emarginate.
Spanish Loeflingia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1770. PI. £ to -| foot.
2 L. PENTA'NDRA (Cav. icon. 2. t. 148. f. 2.) flowers pentan-
drous ; styles 3, distinct from the base. O- H. Native along
SCLERANTHE.E. VI. L(EFLINGIA. CRASSULACE^E.
97
the Mediterranean Sea, in the sand ; and of Spain, near Va-
lentia. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from the first.
Pentandrous Lceflingia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. \ to \ ft.
•}• Species not sufficiently known.
8 L. CA'SPICA (Gmel. syst. 1. p. 105.) plant smooth in every
part. Found on the shores of the Caspian Sea, by Gmelin.
Gmel. itin. 3. p. 310. t. 35. f. 1.
Caspian Lceflingia. PI. ^ foot.
4 L. ? RENIFOLIA (Lag. gen. et spec. p. 2.) flowers pentan-
drous; leaves orbicularly reniform. Q. H. Native of Mexico.
Kidney-leaved Lceflingia. PI. ^ foot.
Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in the open border
in any dry lightish soil.
ORDER CXIII. CRASSULA'CE^E (plants agreeing with
Crdssula in important characters). D. C. bull, philom. 1801.
no. 49. p. 1. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 382. prod. 3. p. 381. — Sem-
pervivae, Juss. gen. p. 237. — Succulentae, Vent. tabl. vol.3, p.
271. — Succulentae /3, Lin. ord. nat. — Crdssulae, Juss. diet. 11.
p. 369.
Sepals from 3 (f. 25. e.} -20 (f. 30. a.), more or less united
at the base, and therefore the calyx is many-parted (f. 26. b.).
Petals equal in number with the sepals (f. 25. 6. f. 26. a.), and
alternating with them, either distinct (f. 27. b.) or united into
a gamopetalous corolla (f. 26. a.), inserted in the bottom of
the calyx. Stamens inserted with the petals, either equal to
them in number (f. 25. c.) and alternating with them, or twice
as many (f. 27. c.) ; those opposite the petals being shortest,
and arriving at perfection after the others ; filaments distinct,
subulate ; anthers oval, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise. Nectari-
ferous scales several, one at the base of each ovarium sometimes
obsolete. Ovaria of the ^ me number as the petals, opposite to
which they are placed around an imaginary axis, usually dis-
tinct, but in some of the anomalous genera rather concrete, all
1 -celled, and tapering into 1 stigma each, opening when ripe by
a longitudinal chink in front, but in the genus Dimorpha on the
back. Seeds attached to the margins of the suture, in 2 rows,
variable in number. Albumen thin, fleshy. Embryo straight
in the axis of the albumen, having the radicle directed to the
hilum. — Fleshy herbs or shrubs. Leaves entire or pinnatifid,
without stipulas. Flowers usually in cymes, sometimes rising
in the forks, often arranged unilaterally along the divisions of
the cymes.
The plants contained in this order are all remarkable for the
succulent nature of their stems and leaves, in which they re-
semble Cdctece, Portulaceee, and certain genera of Euphorbiacece,
&c. but this analogy goes no farther. Their real affinity is
probably with Saxifragece, through Penthbrum, which is not
succulent, like the rest of the genera ; and with Paronychiece,
through Tillce'a, as De Candolle has remarked. In both those
orders, the nectariferous scales of Crassulacece are wanting.
De Candolle observes (mem. crass, p. 5.) that there is no in-
stance of a double flower in the order, although this might have
been expected from their analogy in structure with Caryophyl-
lece. Sempervlvum tectorum almost constantly exhibits the sin-
gular phenomenon of anthers bearing ovules instead of pollen.
VOL. III.
These plants are found in the driest situations, where not a
blade of grass nor a particle of moss can grow, on naked rocks,
old walls, sandy hot plains, alternately exposed to the heaviest
dews of night, and the fiercest rays of the noon-day sun. Soil
is to them a something to keep them stationary, rather than a
source of nutriment, which in these plants is conveyed by my-
riads of mouths, invisible to the naked eye, but covering all
their surface, to the juicy beds of cellular tissue which lie be-
neath them.
Refrigerent and abstergent properties, mixed sometimes with
a good deal of acridity, distinguish them. The fishermen of
Madeira rub their nets with the fresh leaves of Sempermvum
glutinbsum, by which they are rendered as durable as if tanned,
provided they are steeped in some alkaline liquor. Malic acid
exists in Sempervivum tectorum, combined with lime. — Turner,
p. 634.
Synopsis of the genera.
TRIBE I.
CRASSUI.A>CE.& LEGI'TIMJE. Carpella distinct, opening when
mature by a longitudinal fissure in front (f. 26, b.).
1 TILLS? A. Divisions of- calyx, petals, and stamens 3-4 (f.
25. a. b. c.). Nectariferous scales none or very small. Car-
pels 3-4 (f. 25. d.}, constricted in the middle, 2-seeded.
2 BULLIA'RDA. Divisions of calyx, petals and stamens 4.
Nectariferous scales 4, linear. Carpels 4, many-seeded.
3 DASYSTE'MON. Sepals 3-7, filiform, unequal, hardly joined
at the base. Petals 3-7, often 5, hardly joined at the base,
rather revolute at the apex. Stamens 3-7 ; filaments thick.
Carpels 3-5.
4 SE'PTAS. Calyx 5-9-parted. Petals 5-9, stellately spreading.
Stamens 5-9 ; filaments slender. Scales 5-9, small, roundish.
Carpels 5-9, many-seeded.
5 CRA'SSULA. Calyx 5 -parted. Petals 5, distinct. Stamens
5 ; filaments subulate. Scales 5. Carpels 5, many-seeded.
6 PURGOSIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, imbricating at the
base. Stamens 5 ; scales 5, emarginate. Carpels 5, gibbous
on the outside, and flat inside, many-seeded.
7 GLOBU'LEA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, bearing a waxy
globule each at the apex. Stamens 5. Scales 5. Carpels 5.
8 CURTO'GYNE. Calyx 5-parted. Petals united into a 5-
parted corolla. Stamens 5. Scales 5. Ovaria 5, gibbous at
the apex, ending each in a long sublateral style.
9 GRAMMA'NTHES. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla gamopetalous ;
lobes 5, rarely 6, expanded. Stamens 5-6, inserted in the tube
of the corolla. Scales none. Carpels 5.
10 ROCHEA. Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 5, united into a gamo-
petalous corolla, with a spreading 5-lobed limb. Stamens 5.
Glands and carpels 5.
11 KALOSA'NTHES. Calyx 5-lobed (f. 26. 6.). Petals united
into a 5-parted corolla (f. 26. o.), with the tube cylindrical, 2 or
3 times longer than the spreading limb. Stamens 5, inserted
in the tube of the corolla. Glands and carpels 5.
12 KALANCHOE. Calyx 4-parted ; sepals hardly united at
the base. Corolla gamopetalous, with a 4-parted, spreading
O
98
CRASSULACE^E. I. TILL^A.
border. Stamens 8, adnate to the base of the tube of the co-
rolla. Scales 4, linear. Carpels 4 ; styles filiform.
13 BRYOPHY'LLUM. Calyx inflated before flowering, hardly
4-cleft to the middle. Corolla gamopetalous, hypogynous ;
lobes 4, acute. Stamens 8, adnate to the base of the tube
of the corolla. Glands 4.
14 COTYLEDON. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla gamopetalous,
with a 5-lobed, spreadingly reflexed limb. Stamens 10, adnate
at the base to the tube of the corolla. Scales oval. Carpels 5,
each drawn out into a subulate style.
15 PISTOIU'NIA. Calyx 5 -parted. Corolla gamopetalous, with
a S-parted spreading border. Stamens 10, adnate their whole
length to the tube of the corolla. Scales 5. Carpels 5, ending
each in a long filiform style.
16 UMBI'LICUS. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla campanulate, 5-
cleft ; lobes acute. Stamens 10, inserted in the corolla. Scales
5. Carpels 5 ; styles subulate.
17 ECHEVE'RIA. Calyx 5-parted (f. 27. a.); sepals erect.
Petals 5, united at the base (f. 27. 6.), thick, and erect. Sta-
mens 10 (f. 27. c.), united to the petals at the base. Scales 5.
Carpels 5, each ending in a subulate style.
18 SE\DUM. Calyx 5-parted (f. 29. a.) ; sepals turgid, leaf-
formed. Petals 5 (f. 29. 6.), usually spreading. Stamens 10
(f. 29. c.). Scales 5. Carpels 5.
19 SEMPERVIVUM. Calyx 6-20-parted (f. 30. a.). Petals
6-20 (f. 30. 6.)- Stamens twice the number of the petals (f.
30. c.). Scales toothed or jagged. Carpels equal in number to
the petals.
TRIBE II.
CRASSULA'CE^E ANOMALY. Carpels united at the base into a
many-celled capsule.
20 DIAMORPHA. Calyx 4-lobed. Petals 4. Stamens 8.
Carpels 4, united at the base, opening longitudinally on the back
or outside.
21 PENTHORUM. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 10.
Scales wanting ? Carpels 5, united at the base into a 5-beaked,
5-celled capsule, which is pentagonal at the apex, and opening
under the beaks. Seeds small, numerous.
Tribe I.
CRASSU'LEjE or CRASSULAvCEj£ LEGI'TIM^E (this
tribe contains the legitimate plants of the order). Carpels
distinct ; when mature opening on the inside by a longitudinal
fissure.
I. TILLJE'A (so named in honour of Michael Angelo Tilli,
M. D. F. R. S., born 1653. Professor of Botany at Pisa;
author of Horti Pisani Catalogus, 1723, fol. with 50 plates. It
contains a few rare plants, observed by him in his voyages to
Constantinople and Tunis). Mich. gen. 22. t. 20. D. C. bull,
philom. no. 49. p. 2. prod. 3. p. 381. — Tillae'a species of Lin.
LIN. SYST. Tri-Tetrdndria, Tri-Tetragynia. Calyx 3-4-
parted(f. 25. a.). Petals 6-4 (f. 25. &.), oblong, acuminated.
Scales none, or very small. Carpels 3-4, somewhat constricted
in the middle, 2-seeded. — Small, glabrous, annual herbs, inha-
bitants of exposed sub-humid places. Leaves opposite. Flowers
small, white, for the most part axillary. — Many of the exotic
species may probably belong to Bulliarda.
1 T,Musc6sA(Lin. spec. 186.) FIG. 25.
stems branched at the base, de-
cumbent ; leaves connate ; flowers
axillary, sessile, trifid. O. H.
Native of Europe in many places,
in dry, barren, sandy, and gra-
velly soil ; plentiful in Britain,
on the most barren sandy heaths ;
frequent in Norfolk and Suffolk.
It is a troublesome weed in the
gravel walks of Holkham. Bocc.
mus. t. 22. Mich. gen. t. 20.
Lam. ill. t. 90. D. C. pi. grass.
t. 73. Smith, engl. bot. 116.
Reich, icon. t. 191. Bocc. sic,
t. 29. In exposed situations.
this plant becomes reddish ; but in that state it is not the T.
rubra of Gouan.
Mossy Tillaea. Fl. June, Oct. Britain. PI. trail.
2 T. SIMPLEX (Nutt. gen. amer. append, et journ. acad.
philad. 1. p. 114.) stem erect, simple ; leaves connate, oblong-
linear, acute ; flowers alternate, sessile ; petals 4, erect, twice
the length of the calyx. ©• H. Native of North America,
in humid gravelly places.
Simple-stemmed Tillaea. PL ^ foot.
3 T. MOSCHA'TA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 382.) stem prostrate at
the base ; branches ascending ; leaves connate, oval-oblong ;
flowers 4-cleft, sessile in the axils of the superior leaves. O- H.
Native of the Straits of Magellan, on the mountains ; and of
the Maclove Islands. Crassula moschata, Forst. in act. soc.
gcett. 9. p. 26. Bulliarda Magellanica, D. C. bull, philom.
no. 49.
Musk Tillaea. PI. prostrate.
4 T. MINIMA (Miers, chil. 2. p. 530.) stems diffuse, branched;
leaves minute, connate at the base, oval-oblong; flowers 4-cleft,
crowded into whorls in the axils of the leaves, on short pedicels ;
petals 4, acuminated, shorter than the calyx ; carpels 1 -2-seeded.
— Native of Chili, about Conception and Coquimbo. T. erecta,
Hook et Arnott, in Beech, voy. bot. 1. p. 24. Allied to T.
moschata and verticil laris.
Least Tillaea. PI. £ foot.
5 T. VERTICILLA'RIS (D. C. 1. c.) stems prostrate at the base,
rooting ; branches ascending ; leaves opposite, oblong-linear ;
flowers 4-cleft, crowded in whorls in the axils, some of which
are sessile and others pedicellate. Q. H. Native of New
Holland. Tillse'a pedunculata, Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no.
173. but not of Smith. Petals acuminated, longer than the
calyx. Habit almost of Illecebrum verticilldtum.
Verticillate-fiov/ered Tillaea. PI. pr.
6 T. PEDUNCULA'RIS (Smith, in Rees' cycl. vol. 35. no. 4.)
stem erect, simple ; leaves rather connate, lanceolate, acute ;
pedicels axillary, solitary, twice or thrice longer than the leaves ;
carpels truncate at the apex. O- H. Native about Monte
Video and Buenos Ayres, in humid places. Bulliarda Bona-
riensis, D. C. bull, philom.
Peduncled-ftovtered Tillaea. PI. -j foot.
7 T. RUBE'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 43.)
stems branched, prostrate ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, ovate, mu-
cronate, rather fleshy, connate at the base ; flowers 4-cleft, on
long pedicels ; petals shorter than the calyx. O- H. Native
about Quito, near Alansi. Flowers white. Carpels 2-seeded.
T. connata, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 70. t. 106. f. a., which was
found in Peru, about Chancay, on humid hills, appears to
differ from Kunth's plant in the stems being rather erect.
CRASSULACE^E. II. BULLIARDA. III. DASYSTEMON. IV. SEPTAS. V. CRASSULA.
Reddish Tillsea. PI. pr.
Cult. Sow the seeds among gravel, and keep it moist, either
in pots or in the open ground.
II. BULLIA'RDA (in memory of — Bulliard, author of
Herbier de la France, 600 planches in fol. 1780, and other
botanical works). D. C. bull, philom. no. 49. p. 1. prod. 3. p.
382 — Tilte'a species, Lin.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Tetragynia. Calyx 4-parted. Petals
4, oval or oblong, acute. Stamens 4. Scales 4, linear. Car-
pels 4, many-seeded. — Small, glabrous, annual, subaquatic herbs.
Leaves opposite. Flowers small, white, axillary, sessile, or pe-
dicellate. The parts of the flower are sometimes quinary, and
therefore differ from Crdssula in the form of the scales, and from
Tillce'a in the many-seeded carpels, as well as in the number
of the parts of the flower.
1 B. VAILLA'NTII (D. C. pi. grass, t. 74.) stem erect, dichoto-
mous ; leaves oblong, acute ; pedicels longer than the leaves.
O- H. Native of France, at Fontainbleau, in humid shady
places, &c. Vaill. bot. t. 10. f. 2. Tillae'a aquatica, Lam. ill.
t. 90. but not of Lin. Tillae'a Vaillantii, Willd. spec. 1. p. 720.
Corolla pale flesh-coloured. Stems sometimes erect and some-
times prostrate, generally rooting at the lower nodes. T. pros-
trata ft, Poir. diet. 7. p. 674. is perhaps referrible to this plant.
Variants Bulliarda. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1825. PI. erect
or prostrate.
2 B. AQUA'TICA (D. C. bull. phil. no. 49.) stem erect, rather
dichotomous ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers sessile, or on
very short pedicels. (•)• H. Native of Sweden, Norway, and
Germany, in places where water stagnates. Tillae'a aquatica,
Lin. fl. suec. no. 156. Wahl. fl. suec. no. 210. Stuck, p. 6. 1. 1.
Var. ft, prostrata (D. C. prod. 3. p. 382.) stems procumbent.
Tillae'a prostrata, Schkuhr, in Ust. ann. 2. p. 21. t. 3. Horn. fl.
dan. t. 1510. Stuck, p. 21. t. 3. In Hornemann's plant the
flowers are either sessile or on short pedicels.
Aquatic Bulliarda. Fl. J/. Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. pr.
Cult. See Tillce'a for the manner of growing these plants.
III. DASYSTE'MON (from &KTVC, dasys, thick, and <
stemon, a 'stamen ; in allusion to the thick filaments). D. C.
prod. 3. p. 382.
LIN. SYST. Tri-Hepldndria, Tri-Pentagynia. Sepals 3-7,
leaf-formed, unequal, hardly united at the base, equalling the
corolla in length. Petals 3-7, but generally 5, erect, hardly
united at the base, and revolutely spreading at the apex. Sta-
mens 3-7, alternating with the petals, and longer than them ;
filaments thick ; anthers erect. Carpels 3-5 — An Australian
herb, covered all over with scaly papulae. Root fibrous. Stem
branched at the apex. Leaves opposite, connate, linear.
1 D. CALYCI'NUM (D. C. 1. c. mem. crass, t. 3.). O- H.
Native of New Holland. Crassula calycina, Desf. cat. hort.
par. 1815. p. 187. Herb 3-4 inches long, rather ascending at
the base, dichotomously branched at the apex. Leaves thick,
flattish, rather convex below. Flowers greenish-white.
Large-calyxed Dasystemon. PI. -^ foot.
Cult. Sow the seeds of this plant thinly in pots, in gravelly
soil.
IV. SE'PTAS (from septem, seven ; the number 7 prevailing
in the fructification). Lin. gen. 465. Haw. syn. 61. D. C.
prod. 3. p. 383. — Crassula species of Thunb. and Willd.
LIN. SYST. Penta-Ennedndria, Penta-Enneagynia. Calyx
5-9-parted, shorter than the corolla. Petals 5-9, stellately
spreading. Stamens 5-9 ; filaments slender, acuminated ; scales
5-9, small, roundish. Carpels 5-9, many-seeded. — Herbs, native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Roots tuberous, quiescent in
99
winter ; tubers roundish ; fibres capillary. Stems simple, te-
rete. Leaves of 2 opposite pairs, and the pairs sometimes
approximate so near as to make the leaves appear in whorls.
Flowers white, disposed in something like umbels. The habit
of the plants is referrible to some Saxifragece.
1 S. CAPE'NSIS (Lin. amcen. 6. p. 8 7.) leaves roundish, broadly
crenated, tapering into the petioles ; and the base of the petioles
is rather connate ; petals spreading. If. . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Andr. bot. rep. 90. — Pluk. aim. 340.
f. 9. bad. Lam. ill. t. 276. Crassula Septas, Thunb. fl. cap!
p. 291. There are varieties of this plant, differing in the num-
ber of the floral parts from 5-9, but generally 7 ; and with few-
flowered or many-flowered umbels ; and with leaves more or less
stalked, having the crenatures either simple or subcrenated.
Flowers white or red.
Var. ft, globifera (D. C. prod. 3. p. 383.) umbels many-
flowered, compound ; leaves revolute at the apex, doubly cre-
nated. 1£.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Septas
globifera, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1472. Stems red. Flowers white.
Cape Septas. Fl. Mar. Aug. Clt. 1774 ; ft in 1809, PI. | ft.
2 S. UMBE'LLA (Haw. syn. p. 62.) leaves 2, united together
into an orbicular disk, broadly sub-crenated ; petals reflexed.
I/ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula um-
bella, Jacq. coll. 4. p. 172. icon. rar. t. 352. Tratt. tab. t. 253.
Leaves red beneath. Flowers 5-6-cleft, reddish.
Umbelled Septas. Fl. July. Clt. 1800. PL | foot.
Cult. A mixture of sand, loam, and peat suit the species of
this genus ; and they should be watered but sparingly when not
in a growing state. They are readily increased by separating
the tubers of the roots.
V. CRA'SSULA (a diminutive of crassus, thick ; in reference
to the fleshy leaves and stems). Haw. syn. p. 51. D.C. prod.
3. p. 383. mem. crass, t. 1. f. 2. — Crassula species of Lin.
—Crassula, Haw. rev. p. 8-9. — Gomara, Adans. farn. 2.
p. 248.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted, much
shorter than the corolla ; sepals flattish. Petals 5, stellately
spreading, distinct. Stamens 5 ; filaments subulate. Scales 5,
ovate, short. Carpels 5, many-seeded. — Fleshy shrubs or herbs,
generally natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves opposite,
quite entire, or sub-crenated. Flowers white, rarely rose-co-
loured.
5 1 . Lalifolia (from lalus, broad, and folium, a leaf ; leaves
broad). Shrubby. Leaves broader, fiat, with the surface and
margins smooth.
1 C. ARBORE'SCENS (Willd. spec. 1. p. 1554.) stem shrubby,
erect, terete ; leaves opposite, roundish, mucronate, fleshy, flat,
glaucous, dotted above, glabrous ; cymes trichotomous. ^ . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. C. Cotyledon, Curt. bot.
mag. t. 384. Jacq. misc. bot. 2. p. 295. t. 19. Cotyledon ar-
borescens, Mill. diet. ed. 6. Flowers large, rose-coloured,
spreading stellately. Shrub, with the leaves and habit very
similar to those of Cotyledon orbiculata.
Arborescent Crassula. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1739. Shrub 2
to 3 feet.
2 C. PORTULA'CEA (Lam. diet. 2. (1786.) p. 172.) stem erect,
fleshy, thick ; leaves opposite, oblique, acute, distinct, glabrous,
shining, dotted ; cymes trichotomous. f? . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. D. C. pi. grass, t. 79. C. obliqua,
Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. (1789.) vol. 1. p. 393. Cotyledon ovata,
Mill. diet. no. 8. C. portulacea and C. obliqua, Pera. ench. 1.
p. 337. C. articulata, Zucca, curt. no. 59. Flowers rose-
coloured. Like C. Cotyledon.
o2
100
CRASSULACEJE. V. CRASSULA.
Portulaca-\\k.e Crassula. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1759. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
8 C. LA'CTEA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. p. 496.) stem shrubby,
terete, branched, twisted below ; leaves ovate, attenuated at the
base, and connate, glabrous, dotted within the margin ; cymes
many-flowered, panicle-formed. T? . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. D. C. pi. grass, t. 37. Smith, exot. bot.
t. 33. Sims, bot. mag. 1. 1771. Jacq. schcenbr. t. 430. Thunb.
fl. cap. p. 289. no. 45. Leaves pale green. Flowers snow
white, stellately spreading.
Mz'tt-coloured-flowered Crassula. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1774.
Shrub j to 1 foot.
4 C. ARGE'NiEA(Lin. fil. suppl. p. 1 88.) leaves connate, ovate,
entire, fleshy, glabrous, silvery ; stem shrubby ; corymbs supra-
decompound. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Thunb. fl. cap. p. 289. Flowers white ; anthers black. Stem
a foot or more in height. Leaves obtuse, with an acumen.
Silvery Crassula. Shrub 1-| foot.
5 C. TELEPHIOIDES (Haw. rev. succ. p. 9.) stems herbaceous?
erect ; leaves obovate-oblong, stem-clasping, minutely and punc-
tately crenated below ; flowers cymose. Tj . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves 3 inches long and 18 lines
broad. Petals pale rose-coloured. Scales square. Habit
almost of Sedum Telephium, but smaller and more humble ; and
differs in the stamens being 5. D. C. Perhaps Anacampseros,
Burm. afr. t. 25. f. 2. is referrible to this plant.
Orpine-like Crassula. Fl. July. Clt. 1818. Shrub 1 foot.
§ 2. Subulares (from subula, an awl ; form of leaves). Shrubby.
Leaves subulate. Haw. syn. p. 51.
6 C. RAM&SA (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 390.) shrubby, glabrous,
branched at the base ; leaves subulate, flat above, connately per-
foliate, smooth, much spreading ; peduncles elongated, cymosely
corymbose, t; . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Thunb. fl. cap. p. 284. Haw. syn. p. 51. according to whom it
is nearly allied to C. perfolidta. C. dichotoma, Lin. fil. suppl.
p. 188. ex Willd. Flowers pink.
Branched Crassula. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774. Sh. 2 to 3 ft.
7 C. FRUTICULOSA (Lin. mant. p. 61.) stem shrubby, smooth;
leaves opposite, subulate, acute, much spreading, and a little
recurved ; peduncles solitary, subumbellate. J? . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, white, campanulate ;
anthers purple. Very like C. perfoliata, according to Thun-
berg ; but it differs in the leaves being reflexed.
Var. j8, Cafra (Lin. mant. p. 222.) stem suffruticose.
Shrubby Crassula. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
8 C. REVO'LVENS (Haw. phil. mag. 1824. p. 188.) stem suffru-
ticose, slender, a little branched ; branches erect ; leaves linear,
lean, acute, revolutely reflexed, and arched, rather distant. Jj .
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small,
white, in dense terminal heads. Perhaps not distinct from C.
fruticulosa.
Revolving-leaved Crassula. Fl. Aug, Sept. Clt. 1820. Shrub
1 foot.
9 C. TETRAGONA (Lin. spec. 404.) stem erect, shrubby, terete,
leaves decussately opposite, depressed above, subulate, some-
what tetragonal, incurved, spreading, glabrous, f? . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Bradl. succ. pi. dec. 5. t.
41. D. C. pi. grass, t. 19. Flowers small, white, nearly urceo-
late, disposed in a pedunculate fastigiate cyme. Stems some-
times rooting.
Tetragonal Crassula. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1711. Shrub 2 feet.
10 C. BIFLANA'TA (Haw. phil. mag. 1824. p. 186.) stem suf-
fruticose, erect, with spreading branches ; leaves erectish, smooth,
subulate, acute, flat on both surfaces, channelled beneath. Jj .
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very like the
following. Bracteas larger. Flowers white ; anthers reddish.
Biplanate-\eave& Crassula. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1823. Sh. 1 ft. -
11 C. ACUTIFOLIA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 175.) stem suffruticose,
decumbent, branched, terete ; leaves opposite, fleshy, terete, su-
bulate, spreading, glabrous ; cymes small, pedunculate. ^ . D.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D. C. pi. grass, t. 2.
Allied to C. tetragbna, but is rather more herbaceous, decum-
bent, and rooting. Leaves usually reflexed. Flowers white.
Acute-leaved Crassula. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1795. PL de-
cumbent.
12 C. BIBRACTEA'TA (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 187.) plant
effuse, decumbent, rooting; leaves subulate, expanded, flat or
furrowed above ; bracteas two on each peduncle. T; . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white ; anthers
sulphur-coloured, but at length becoming brown. Allied to C.
acutifolia.
Var. a, minor (Haw. 1. c.) plant usually rufescent ; leaves less
furrowed above or flat, full of rufous dots beneath.
Far. /3, major (Haw. 1. c.) greenish ; leaves usually furrowed
above, and often dotted with brown ; branches longer than in
var. a.
Bibracteate Crassula. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1823. PI. £ foot.
13 C. FILICAU'LIS (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 188.) plant
effusely dichotomous ; leaves spreadingly recurved, lanceolate-
subulate, smooth, convex beneath ; branches rooting, filiform.
$ . ? J? . ? D. G. Native of the Cape of Gqod Hope. Flowers
white, disposed in a kind of cyme ; anthers yellow. Allied to
the two preceding species.
Thread-stemmed Crassula. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1820. PI. pr.
§ 3. Squamulbsce (from squamulosus, covered with little scales).
Frutescent. Leaves linear-lanceolate, rough from scaly papulce.
Ham. rev. succ. p. 11.
14 C. SCA'BRA (Lin. spec. p. 405.) stem suffruticose, erect,
terete, branched, covered with retrograde rugosities ; leaves op-
posite, spreading, connate, linear-lanceolate, acute, scabrous,
ciliated ; flowers corymbose, terminal, fj . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Dill. hort. elth. t. 99. f. 117. Mart,
cent. t. 24. Segments of flowers spreading, or a little revolute,
white at first, but becoming at length brownish.
Scabrous Crassula. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1730. PL 1£ foot.
15 C. SCABRE'LLA (Haw. rev. succ. p. 11.) leaves linear-lan-
ceolate, acuminated, expanded, and are, as well as the stems,
rough from scales, fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Allied to C. scabra and C, squamulijsa. Flowers white ?
Roughish Crassula. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1810. PL £ to 1 ft.
16 C. SQ.UAMULOSA (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 15.) the whole
plant scaly from diaphanous papulae ; leaves lanceolate ; flowers
capitate. I; . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw.
rev. succ. p. 11. Flowers white. Said to be nearly allied to C.
scabra.
Scaly Crassula. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PL £ foot.
17 C. BULLULA'TA (Haw. rev. succ. p. 11.) leaves lorate-lan-
ceolate, and are, as well as the stems, roughish from whitish
blisters ; flowers cymose. f; . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Cotyledon, &c. Mart. cent. t. 24. Flowers said
to be yellow. Allied to C. scabra, according to Haworth.
Little-blistered Crassula. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub
1 foot.
18 C. PRUINOSA (Lin. mant. p. 60.) stem shrubby, dichoto-
mous ; branchlets and leaves subulate, scabrous from papulae ;
flowers corymbose, fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Flowers white. Leaves opposite, linear, rather connate
at the base. Thunb. prod. p. 55. fl. cap. p. 283.
Pruinose Crassula. Shrub 1 foot.
CRASSULACE^l. V. CRASSULA.
101
19 C. MURICAVTA (Thunb. prod. p. 55. fl. cap. p. 283.) stem
frutescent, erect ; branches tetragonal ; leaves connate, trigonal,
scabrously ciliated, obtuse ; flowers subumbellate. Tj . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. It differs from C. tetra-
gona in the stem being erect, and in the leaves being scabrous.
Muricated Crassula. Shrub 1 foot.
§ 4. Columnares (from columna, a column ; disposition of
leaves on the branches). Frutescent. Leaves broader, densely
imbricated along the stems and branches. Haw. syn. p. 54.
20 C. COLUMNA'RIS (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 191.) stem erect, sim-
ple, an inch high ; leaves connate, roundish, glabrous, very
closely imbricated ; flowers disposed in a roundish terminal fas-
cicle. Jj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burm.
afr. p. 19. t. 9. f. 2. Flowers white, small, very copious.
Columnar Crassula. Clt. 1789. PL | foot.
21 C. LYCOPODIOI'DES (Lam. diet. 2. p. 173.) stem shrubby,
branched, covered with leaves on all sides ; leaves decussate,
ovate, acute, smooth, imbricating in 4 rows ; flowers axillary,
sessile, bracteolate. T? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. C. imbricata, Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 393. C. muscdsa,
Lin. spec. p. 405. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 281. ex Thunb. in litt.
Corolla small, purple at the base. There is a variety of this
plant having the stems naked at the base, according to Thun-
berg.
Club-moss-like Crassula. Shrub tr.
22 C. ERICOI'DES (Haw. in phil. mag. 1825. July, p. 30.)
plant between erect and decumbent ; branchlets distant ; leaves
ovate-oblong, small, flat, closely imbricated in 4 rows ; flowers
5-10, disposed in an umbellate cyme, fj . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. An elegant species, not allied to any
unless perhaps to C. pyramidalis. Flowers small, snow white.
Leaves 3 to 4 lines long.
Heath-like Crassula. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1 820. Shrub | foot.
23 C. VESTI'TA (Lin. fil. sup(/. p. 188.) leaves connate, del-
toid, obtuse, quite entire, covered with white powder, more fre-
quent on the upper ones ; flowers terminal, capitate, f? . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 290.
Stem a hand high, erectish, branched, naked at the base. Flowers
yellow, aggregate and sessile on the branches.
Clothed Crassula. Shrub ^ foot.
§ 5. Perfilattz (from per, through, anAJllum, a thread ; in re-
ference to the thread-like stems). Frutescent or nearly herba-
ceous. Leaves flat, broader, glabrous, connate, usually glaucous.
Haw. syn. p. 54.
24 C. rtiRFo'ssA (Lam. diet. (1786) 2. p. 173.) stem suffru-
ticose, decumbent, slender, a little branched ; leaves connately
perfoliate, roundish, and rather acute, glabrous, dotted above,
but not ciliated ; thyrse elongated, composed of cymose pedun-
culate opposite branchlets. Ij . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. D. C. pi. grass, t. 25. Jacq. hort. schcenbr. t.
432. C. perfilata, Scop. del. insub. (1788) 3. p. 12. t. 6. C.
punctata, Mill. C. coronata, Bonn, hort. cant. Flowers yellow.
Deep-pitted Crassula. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1785. PI. decumbent.
25 C. PERFORA'TA (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 190. Thunb. fl. cap. p.
287.) stem shrubby, erect ; leaves green, connately perfoliate,
ovate, remote, glabrous, with cartilaginously ciliated margins ;
thyrse interrupted. 1} . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope.
Perforated Crassula. Shrub 1 foot.
26 C. MARGIN A'LIS (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 306.) stem peren-
nial, herbaceous, glabrous, pellucid ; leaves connately perfoliate,
roundish-ovate, ending in a recurved mucrone, flat, spreading,
glabrous, dotted within the margin ; flowers disposed in umbel-
late corymbs. If. . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Jacq. schoenbr. 4. t. 471. C. marginata, Thunb. prod. p. 56.
fl. cap. 287. Stems prostrate, jointed, rooting. Leaves reddish
beneath, quite entire, with cartilaginous margins, which are at
first reddish, but at length becoming white from fminn. Pedun-
cles terminal, with two lateral ones, rising from" -the axils of fhe
upper leaves. Flowers white ; petals lanceolate,- 'Eeijte." Tlw
characters and synonymes are taken fr^m the inat.bscript of tli>-
Prince de Salm-Dyck.
Marginal-leaved Crassula. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774. PI. cr.
27 C. PELLU'CIDA (Lin. spec. p. 406.) stems nearly herbaceous,
flaccid, creeping ; leaves opposite, obovate, attenuated at the base,
glabrous, glandularly toothed, crowded at the tops of the
branches ; cymes subumbellate. 17 . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. — Dill. hort. elth. t. 100. f. 119. Jacq. fragm. t.
44. f. 3. ? Thunb. fl. cap. p. 283. Very like C. spatulata, but
differs in being more herbaceous, in the leaves not being petio-
late, in the flowers being a little larger, and more crowded ; the
rest similar, according to the figure of Jacquin. Flowers pink.
Pellucid Crassula. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1732. Pl.tr.
28 C. PROSTRA'TA (Thunb. prod. p. 54. fl.cap. p. 282.) stems
herbaceous, decumbent, pellucid, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate,
acute ; flowers subumbellate. I/ . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Like C. pellucida, but differs in the form of
the leaves.
Prostrate Crassula. PL prostrate.
29 C. CENTAURIOI'DES (Lin. spec. p. 404.) stems herbaceous,
dichotomous, prostrate ; leaves opposite, sessile, flat, oblong-
ovate, glabrous, punctately toothed on the margins ; peduncles
axillary, 1-flowered. O- D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Sims, hot. mag. t. 1765. C. pellucida, Jacq. fragm. t.
44. f. 3. ? Flowers rose-coloured, nearly like those of C. spa-
tulata ; the ultimate ones somewhat corymbose.
Centuary-like Crassula. PL prostrate.
§ 6. Petiolares (frompetiolus, a leaf-stalk ; in reference to the
leaves being stalked). Frutescent. Leaves Jlat, broader, petio-
late. Han. syn. p. 55.
30 C. CORDA'TA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 1. p. 396.) stem
shrubby ; leaves opposite, petiolate, cordate, obtuse, quite en-
tire, dotted above, glabrous ; cymes panicle-formed. Jj . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D. C. pi. grass. 2. t. 121.
Jacq. schcenbr. t. 431. Flowers reddish. Allied to C. per-
forata. C. cordata, Willd. spec. 1. p. 153. but the C. cordata
of Thunb. appears to be a distinct plant, who says that his plant
is annual, and that the flowers are solitary. Plant glaucous.
CWate-leaved Crassula. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1774. PI.
prostrate.
31 C. SPATULA'TA (Thunb. prod. 58. fl. cap. p. 293.) stems
suffruticose, decumbent, branched ; leaves petiolate, roundish,
crenated, glabrous, shining above ; corymbs panicle-formed.
T? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D. C. pi. grass,
t. 49. C. lucida, Lam. diet. 2. p. 1 73. C. cordata, Lodd. bot.
cab. t. 359. Flowers rose-coloured ; petals acute. Herb very
smooth.
Spatulate-\ea.veA Crassula. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1774. PI.
prostrate.
§ 7. Deltoideee (leaves resembling in figure the Greek delta).
Plants suffrutescent. Leaves deltoid, sessile.
32 C. DELTOI'DEA (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 189.) leaves connate,
deltoid, spreading, approximate, glabrous, powdery, glaucous ;
flowers corymbose, subfastigiate. lf.7D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 288. Stem erect,
branched, naked at the base, fleshy, half a finger in length.
102
CRASSULACE^E. V. CRASSULA.
Leaves almost like those of Mesembrydnthemum deltoideum.
Corymbs few-flowered ; pedicels angular. Root fusiform.
Deltoid-leaved Crassula. PL -| foot.
. . 63. C. COR-A^LUNA (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 188.) leaves opposite,
deltoid, -obtuoe, approximate, dotted; flowers in umbellate
•eoryMbsv stems erect, "djchotomously branched. Tj . Lin. 1£.
: Tiumb.JJ.-G-. ., -Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl.
cap. p. 290. Stem an inch high. Leaves nearly orbicular,
white, and powdery at the apex, 1-2 lines long, longer than the
internodes.
Coralline Crassula. PL 1 inch.
34 C. PUBE'SCENS (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 190.) leaves connate,
ovate, acute, fleshy, villous, spreading ; stem erect, branched,
glabrous ; flowers corymbose. 1£. D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 285. Flowers small, white,
according to the dried specimen. Calyx puberulous.
Pubescent Crassula. PL £ foot.
§ 8. Rosulares (from rosa, a rose ; leaves spread like the
petals in a double rose). Plants herbaceous, perennial. Radical
leaves opposite, fiat, disposed in a dense expanded disk, formed
like the flower of a rose. Scapes nearly naked. Flowers
small, glomerate ; bundles of flowers opposite. Haw. rev. succ.
p. 13.
35 C. ORBICULA'RIS (Lin. mant. p. 361.) radical leaves ob-
long, obtuse, cartilaginously ciliated, flat, rosulate ; runners or
twigs rising from the root ; scape nearly naked ; bundles of
flowers opposite, pedunculate. If. . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope.— Dill. elth. t. 100. f. 118. D. C. pi. grass, t.
43. C. sedioides, Mill. diet. no. 9. Herb 4-5 inches high.
Petals greenish white, rose-coloured at the apex. Stigmas
purple.
Orbicular Crassula. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1731. PL \ to j ft.
36 C. ROSULA'RIS (Haw. rev. succ. p. 13.) leaves radical, ob-
tuse, minutely ciliated, flat, rosulate ; runners or twigs none ;
scape nearly naked ; bundles of flowers opposite, pedunculate.
y. . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very like C.
orbicularis, but differs in the plant being 3 times the size, desti-
tute of runners, and in the flowers being 4-5-cleft and white ; it
is, however, probably only a variety of it.
Rosulate Crassula. Fl. July. Clt. 1819. PL £ foot.
§ 9. Glomeratce (from glomero, to heap up in a lump ; ulti-
mate flowers). Plants herbaceous, dichotomous, annual. Leaves
opposite. Flowers small : loner ones solitary in the forks of the
stems, the rest glomerate. Haw. reeis. succ. p. 12.
37 C. GLOMEKA'TA (Lin. mant. p. 60.) stems herbaceous, sca-
brous, dichotomous ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers solitary
in the forks of the stems, ultimate ones glomerate. Q. D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D. C. pi. grass, t. 57. C.
scleranthoides, N. L. Burm. prod. p. 8. Habit of Scleran-
thus or Vulerianella. Herb hardly a finger in length. Flowers
white.
Glomerated Crassula. FL Aug. Oct. Clt. 1774. PL A ft.
38 C. GLA'BRA (Haw. syn. p. 58. rev. p. 12.) stem herba-
ceous, glabrous or rather pubescent, dichotomous ; leaves linear-
lanceolate ; flowers solitary in the forks, ultimate ones glomerate.
©. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. C. glomerata ft,
Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 392. Flowers white.
Glabrous Crassula. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1774. PL i foot.
39 C. STRIGOSA (Lin. amoen. 6. p. 86.) stems herbaceous,
erect, rather hispid, dichotomous ; leaves obovate, obtuse, stri-
gose ; pedicels 1 -flowered. O- D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Lam. diet. 2. p. 174. Petals ovate, length of the
calyx.
Strigose Crassula. PL ^ foot.
§ 10. TiUceoidece (plants with the habit of Till^a). Small
subaqualic glabrous herbaceous plants, having 4,-cleft flowers.
40 C. NATANS (Thunb. prod. p. 54. fl. cap. p. 281.) stems
erect, dichotomous ; leaves connate, linear-oblong, obtuse ; pe-
dicels axillary, opposite, shorter than the leaves ; petals obovate,
a little longer than the calyx. ©. B. G. Native about Cape
Town, in ditches and other watery places. Tillae'a Capensis,
Lin. fil. suppl.
Floating Crassula. PL fl.
41 C. INA'NIS (Thunb. 1. c.) stem erect, simple, branched at
the apex ; leaves perfoliate, ovate, obtuse ; flowers corymbose ;
petals ovate-lanceolate, twice the length of the calyx. O. D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Tillsea perfoliata, Lin. fil.
1. c.
Dwarf Crassula. PL ^ foot.
42 C. UMBELLA'TA (Thunb. 1. c.) stem simple, erect ; leaves
on short petioles, ovate, obtuse ; flowers umbellate. Q. D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Tillae'a umbellata, Willd.
spec. 1. p. 721.
Umbellate-flowered Crassula. PL
43 C. DECU'MBENS (Thunb. 1. c.) stem erect or decumbent ;
leaves connate, terete, subulate ; flowers pedicellate, fastigiate at
the tops of the branches. 0. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. C. Thunbergiana, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 733. The stems
are said to be decumbent in the diagnosis, but in the description
erect. Scales very short, red.
Decumbent Crassula. PL decumbent.
f Species not sufficiently known.
* Leaves opposite.
41 C. NEGLE'CTA (Schultes, syst. 6. p. 722.) stems herba-
ceous ; leaves petiolate, cordate, and are as well as the branches
glabrous; flowers solitary. 0. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. C. cordata, Thunb. nov. act. nat. cur. 6. p. 330.
fl. cap. p. 293. but not of others.
Neglected Crassula. PL -J foot.
45 C. EXPA'NSA (Ait. hort. kew. 1 . p. 390.) stems herbaceous,
dichotomous ; leaves semicylindrical, subulate, channelled above,
spreading ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered. ©. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. It is not known whether the
leaves are opposite or alternate.
Expanded Crassula. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774. PL \ foot.
46 C. DIFFU'SA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 1. p. 395.) stems
herbaceous ; leaves oblong, attenuated at the base, crenated ;
peduncles opposite the leaves and axillary, solitary. ©. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers pink ? The rest
unknown.
Diffuse Crassula. FL June, July. Clt. 1774. PL | foot.
47 C. SUBULA'TA (Lin. mant. p. 360.) stem herbaceous,
branched ; leaves opposite, terete, spreading ; flowers capitate.
©. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Herm. lugd. bat.
552. with a figure. Flowers white, ex Herm. and Petiv. gaz. t.
89. f. 8.
Subulate-leaved Crassula. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. Pljft.
48 C. SYLVA'TICA (Licht. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 726.) stem
herbaceous, dichotomous, beset with strigose hairs ; leaves obo-
vate-oblong, with the margin and base beset with strigose hairs ;
flowers terminal and axillary, solitary. — Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. The rest unknown.
Wood Crassula. PL ?
49 C. ADSCE'NDENS (Thunb. nov. act. nat. cur. 6. p. 341.)
stem sufFrutescent, decumbent ; branches erect, filiform above,
CRASSULACE.E. V. CRASSULA. VI. PURGOSIA.
103
and naked ; leaves connate, triquetrous, entire, spreading, gla-
brous ; corymb compound. Ij . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. This plant is omitted in Thunberg's flora, cap. and
prod, and is therefore doubtful.
Ascending Crassula. PI. decumbent.
50 C. ? A' LEA (Forsk. descr. 60. but not of Hortul.) stem sim-
ple ; leaves opposite, crowded, sheathing, lanceolate, cartilagi-
nously ciliated ; peduncles dichotomous ; flowers corymbose. —
Native of Arabia, on the mountains of Hadie and Boka. Flowers
white, 5-parted.
White-flowered Crassula. PI. -| foot.
51 C.? LINEOLA'TA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 590.) stem herbace-
ous ; leaves cordate, sessile ; peduncles nearly terminal, axil-
lary, approximate, umbel-formed. $ . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Sims, bot. mag. 1765. Flowers yellow. Mr.
Haworth has placed this species between C. retroflexa and C.
centaurioides ; but C. retroflexa is now referrible to Gram-
mdnlhes, and therefore this species is probably a species of
that genus.
Zznerf-leaved Crassula. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1774. PI. | ft.
52 C. ? AGARDHIA'NA (Schultes, syst. 6. p. 718.) stem suffru-
tescent, twisted, branched ; branches naked ; radical leaves
ovate, imbricated ; cauline ones remote, alternate. lj . D. G.
Native of the south of Spain. According to the description this
is a species of Sedum or Sempervlvum.
Agardh's Crassula. PL -J foot.
* * AlternifblicE. The leaves being alternate in the following
plants, they are probably species of Sedum.
53 C. ? MICROCA'RPA (Sibth et Smith, fl. graec. prod. 1. p.
217.) leaves oblong ; stem thickened ; capsule angular, dotted,
mutic. Q. H. Native of the island of Cyprus, among rocks,
Small-fruited Crassula. PI. -| foot.
54 C.? PULCHE'LLA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 1. p. 392.)
leaves ovate-oblong, fleshy, reflexed ; stem herbaceous, dicho-
tomous; flowers pedunculate in the forks; peduncles turbinate.
O- G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. succ. p. 12.
Lobes of calyx leaf- formed, spreading, 2 short, and 3 about
equal in length to the petals, which are ovate and acute. Flowers
pink.
Neat Crassula. Fl. July. Clt. 1810. PI. i foot.
55 C. ? SPA'RSA (Ait. 1. c. p. 395.) stems herbaceous ; leaves
alternate, rather spatulate, acute, quite entire ; racemes com-
pound. $ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
white?
Scattered Crassula. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774. PI. £ foot.
N. B. Plants formerly included in the genus Crassula, but are
new to be excluded from the order.
1C.? ALTERNIFOLIA (Lin. hort. clifF. p. 497. according to the
figure in Burm. afr. p. 58. t. 24. f. 1.) is probably a species of
Borraginea, and perhaps B. ciliala.
2 C. ? PINNA'TA (Lour. coch. p. 185.) is a plant far separated
from Crassula, and most probably belonging to the order Tere-
binthacece. C. pinnitta of Dum. Cours. is a species of Bryo-
phijllum or Kalanchbe. The C. pinnata of Lin. fil. suppl. 191.
is probably the same plant as Loureiro's.
Cult. Crassula is an extensive genus of rather ornamental
plants, and some of which are rather grotesque. A mixture of
loam, sand, and brick rubbish, is the best soil for them. Cuttings
root very readily if dried fora few days, after being cut off from
the plants before being planted. The seeds of the annual species
should be sown in pots, and when the plants have grown a little
may be separated, and planted into other pots. All the species
are well fitted for a dry stove, or to be placed on shelves
erected in a green-house.
VI. PURGO'SIA (from Trvpyoc, pyrgos, a tower ; in reference
to the disposition of the clusters of flowers). Haw. in phil. mag.
1828. p. 184. Turgosia, Haw. rev. succ. p. 14.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted, much
shorter than the corolla. Petals 5, imbricating at the base,
mucronulate beneath the apex. Stamens 5 ; filaments subulate.
Scales 5, emarginate. Carpels 5, flat inside, and gibbous on the
outside. — Herbaceous half naked plants. Leaves for the most
part radical. Inflorescence spicately thyrsoid. Flowers in
whorles, almost sessile. The species are probably all biennial.
§ 1. Lingutefblice (from lingua, a tongue, and folium, a leaf ;
form of leaves). Leaves lorately tongue-formed, thick, acutish.
Han. I. c.
1 P. LiNGuaiFOLiA (Haw. rev. succ. p. 14.) lower leaves dis-
tinct, opposite, tongue-formed, ciliated, pubescent ; stem leafy ;
flowers verticillate, crowded, sessile. I/ . or $ . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula lingusefolia, Haw. misc.
nat. p. 175. Stem simple, a foot high. Corolla ampullseform,
from green to white. Perhaps only a variety of P. tomentosa.
Tongue-leaved Purgosia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1803. PI. 1 foot.
2 P. TOMENTOSA (Haw. rev. succ. p. 14.) radical leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, imbricated, bluntish, villous, ciliated ; stem
nearly naked ; flowers verticillate. JJ . or $ . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula tomentosa, Lin. fil. suppl.
p. 190. Stem erect, angular, villous, a foot high. Flowers
white.
Tomentose Purgosia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1790. PI. 1 ft.
3 P. PERTU'SA (Haw. rev. succ. p. 14. in phil. mag. 1828.
p. 185.) leaves lorate, acuminated, incurved, semicylindrical ;
superior bracteas ovate-lanceolate, cartilaginously serrulated, as-
cending ; scape thyrsoid. $ . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Crassula corymbulosa, Link, enum. 1. p. 301.
Link et Otto, abbild. p. 39. t. 16. A'loe pertusa, Haw. rev.
succ. 15 and 201. Flowers white; petals erect, about equal in
length to the stamens.
Pertese-leaved Purgosia. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 foot.
4 P. PERTU'SULA (Haw. in phil. mag. 1828. p. 184.) leaves
lanceolate, recurved, beset with impressed dots on both surfaces ;
upper bracteas cordate, entire ; scape panicled. $ . D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla snow white.
/mpreMed-dotted-leaved Purgosia. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1824.
PI. 1 foot.
5 P. HI'RTA ; radical leaves lanceolate, hairy ; stem herba-
ceous, erect, nearly naked, rather pubescent ; heads of flowers
verticillate. $ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Crassula hirta, Thunb. fl. cap. 284. Like P. spicata. Leaves
fleshy, white, erect, acute. Flowers white.
Hairy Purgosia. PI. -J to 1 foot.
6 P. CEPHALO'PHORA ; radical leaves connate, linear-oblong,
obtuse, entire ; stem nearly naked, erect ; heads of flowers op-
posite, pedunculate. $ . 1 D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Crassula cephalophora, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 190. Thunb.
fl. cap. p. 287. Flowers white. Leaves long.
Head-bearing Purgosia. PI. ^ foot.
7 P. CRENULA'TA ; leaves connate, lanceolate, obtuse, punc-
tately crenulated, glabrous; stem herbaceous, erect, glabrous,
terete ; corymb decompound. $ . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Crassula crenulata, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 189.
Thunb. fl. cap. p. 287. Flowers white.
Crenulated Purgosia. Pi. 1 foot.
104-
CRASSULACEjE. VI. PURGOSIA.
§ 2. Ovatifblice (from ovatus, ovate, and folium, a leaf).
Leaves ovate, oval, or obovate.
8 P. ? CILIA'TA ; stem suffruticose, sparingly branched, terete ;
leaves oval, obtuse, flattish, distinct, ciliated ; corymbs terminal.
TJ.. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula ciliata,
Lin. spec. p. 405. D. C. pi. grass, t. 7.— Dill. elth. t. 98. f.116.
Cilia of leaves white, cartilaginous, usually retrograde. Flowers
cream-coloured.
Ciliated Purgosia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1732. PL | foot.
9 P. CONCI'NNA ; leaves obovate, ciliated, rather imbricated.
If.. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula con-
cinna, Haw. rev. succ. This is a much larger plant than the
following, to which it is nearly allied. Flowers white.
Neat Purgosia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PL i foot.
10 P. CONCINNE'LLA ; leaves obovate, with densely ciliated sil-
very margins. 1}. . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Crassula concinnella, Haw. in phil. mag. 1823. p. 381. Allied
to P. concinna, but weaker, and 4 or 5 times smaller in every part,
densely ciliated. Leaves rather imbricated, and appearing as if
they were disposed in 2 compressed rows. The rest unknown.
Small-neat Purgosia. Fl. July. Clt. 1823. PL | foot.
1 1 P. COTYLE'DONIS ; radical leaves connate, oblong, obtuse,
tomentose, ciliated ; stem nearly naked, herbaceous, somewhat
tetragonal ; flowers disposed in a corymb composed of fascicles.
If.. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula coty-
ledonis, Lin. fil. suppl. 190. Crassula Cotyledon, Haw. syn. p.
56. but not of Jacq. Stem simple, erect, a foot high. Leaves
an inch broad, and a finger in length, erect. Flowers white.
Cotyledon Purgosia. PL 1 foot.
12 P. CAPITELLA'TA (Haw. rev. p. 17.) leaves connate, ob-
long, glabrous, cartilaginously ciliated, spreading, longer than
the internodes ; flowers in whorled heads. ©• D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula capitellata, Lin. fil. suppl.
p. 190. Thunb. fl. cap. 286. Stem glabrous, terete, erect.
Flowers white, approximate, sessile.
Headed Purgosia. FL July, Aug. Clt. 1774. PL £ foot.
13 P. ALPE'STRIS ; leaves connate, ovate, acute, imbricating in
4 rows ; heads pedunculated ; stem leafy, glabrous. If. . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula alpestris, Lin.
fil. suppl. p. 190. Thunb. fl. cap. 286. nov. act. nat. cur. 6. p.
336. t. 56. f. 4. Allied to Crassula montana, but differs in the
leaves being more acuminated, not ciliated, in the stem being
thicker, and clothed with leaves, and in the flowers being larger.
Alp Purgosia. PL \ foot.
14 P. HEMISPHJE'RICA ; lower leaves connate, roundish, imbri-
cated into a round heap, cartilaginously ciliated ; stem nearly
naked ; flowers rising in fascicles from the axils, forming a pa-
nicled spike. Q. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Cras-
sula hetnisphae'rica, Thunb. prod. p. 57. fl. cap. p. 292. Floral
leaves very short. Flowers small, white.
Hemispherical Purgosia. PL ^ foot.
15 P. THYRSIPL6RA (Haw. rev. succ. 17.) leaves perfoliate,
ovate, obtuse, ciliated, glabrous, erectly spreading ; thyrse
branched, spicate. $ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Crassula thyrsiflora, Lin. fil. suppl. 190. Thunb. fl.
cap. 283. Stems herbaceous, terete, erect, a span high. Flowers
white.
Thyrse-flowered Purgosia. PL -| foot.
16 P. OBOVA'TA (Haw. rev. succ. p. 16.) leaves opposite, de-
cussate, obovate, ciliated, full of minute impressed dots ; stern
rather hispid ; flowers axillary, in a thyrsoid spike. $ . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula obovata, Haw.
suppl. p. 17. Flowers white. Allied to P. aloldes.
Obovate-leaved Purgosia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PL 1 ft.
17 P. ALOIDES (Haw. rev. succ. p. 16.) stem simple, rather
pilose ; leaves ovate or spatulately lanceolate, distinct, ciliated,
full of impressed dots ; heads of flowers axillary, constituting a
thyrsoid spike. $ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Crassula abides, Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 394. Petals mucronulate,
white, with a red rib. Stem half a foot high.
Aloe-like Purgosia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1774. PL £ foot.
18 P. PUNCTA'TA ; stems simple, smooth; leaves opposite,
ovate, dotted, ciliated : lower ones oblong ; corymbs axillary,
very short, fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Crassula punctata, Lin. spec. p. 406. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol.
2. p. 193. exclusive of the synonyme of Miller, ex Haw. syn.
p. 154. Corolla campanulate, white; limb reflexed ; anthers
purple.
Dotted-leaved Purgosia. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1759. PL 1 ft.
1 9 P. RAMULIFLORA ; stem fruticulose, beset with retrograde
hairs ; leaves opposite, obovate, acute, rather connate, ciliated ;
branches axillary, few-flowered ; petals lanceolate, erect, shin-
ing at the apex, fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Crassula ramuliflora, Link. enum. 1. p. 301. Otto, et Link,
abbild. p. 41. t. 17. Flowers white. Calyx and leaves usually
reddish at the apex.
Branch-flowered Purgosia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1822. Sh. | ft.
20 P. TURR'ITA (Haw. rev. succ.]). 16.) radical leaves opposite,
connate, ovate-oblong, acute, imbricating in 4 rows, villously cili-
ated ; stem leafy at the base ; flowers in whorls. $ . D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula turrita, Thunb. prod.
3. p. 55. fl. cap. p. 283. Jacq. schcenbr. 1. t. 52. Stem simple,
a foot high. Corolla pale, reddish at the apex.
Var. /3, rdsea (Haw. 1. c.) flowers red.
Toner Purgosia. Fl. Feb. Mar. Clt. 1818. PL 1 foot.
21 P. BARBA'TA ; radical leaves opposite, connate, crowded,
imbricated into a round heap, reticulated, bearded ; stem nearly
naked ; flowers in whorls. $ . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Crassula barbata, Thunb. prod. p. 57. fl. cap. p.
292. Lin. fil. suppl. 188. Floral leaves not exceeding the
flowers. Stem glabrous, a span high.
Bearded Purgosia. PL ^ foot.
22 P. MONTA'NA ; leaves connate, ovate, acute : radical ones
approximate : cauline ones distant ; flowers in whorls, in the axils
of the upper leaves : ultimate ones capitate. I/ . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula montana, Lin. fil. suppl.
p. 189. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 285. Stem filiform, simple. Calyxes
ciliated.
Mountain Purgosia. PL ^ foot.
23 P. DENTA'TA ; plant glabrous, nearly leafless ; leaves al-
most radical, petiolate, toothed, roundish-cordate ; flowers sub-
umbellate. $ ? D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope,
among rocks on the mountain called Ribekcasteel. Crassula
dentata, Thunb. prod. p. 57. fl. cap. p. 293. Umbels of flowers
radical. Peduncles shorter than the leaves.
Toothed-leaved Purgosia. PL -j foot.
24 P. PYRAMIDA'LIS ; leaves connate, imbricating in 4 rows,
ovate, obtuse, entire, glabrous ; heads terminal, sessile, globose.
If. . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula pyra-
midalis, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 189. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 287. nov.
act. cur. 6. p. 336. t. 5. b. f. 3. Stems flexuous, erect, covered
over with leaves. Leaves a line long. Said to be allied to
Crassula muscosa.
Pyramidal Purgosia. PL \ foot.
25 P. ? DE'BILIS ; stem herbaceous, dichotomous, straightish ;
leaves opposite, glabrous, crowded, nearly terete, concave, pa-
pulose ; flowers pedicellate ; petals linear. $ ? D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula debilis, Thunb. fl. cap.
p. 280.
CRASSULACE^E. VI. PURGOSIA. VII. GLOBULEA.
105
Weak Purgosia. PI. | foot.
26 P. RUPE'STRIS ; leaves connate, ovate, quite entire, gla-
brous, approximate, convex and carinated beneath ; corymbs
trichotomous, fastigiate, supra-decompound, y.. D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula rupestris, Lin. fil.
suppl. p. 189. Thunb. fl. cap. 288. Pedicels glabrous, of a
purplish colour. Petals white. Stem erect, a hand high or
more.
Rock Purgosia. PI. -J foot.
27 P. TE'CTA ; leaves almost radical, connate, ovate, obtuse,
imbricated, cartilaginously ciliated, and clothed with greyish
powder ; scape nearly naked, filiform ; flowers sessile, capitate.
$ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula tecta,
Lin. fil. suppl. p. 190. Thunb. fl. cap. 290. Flowers small,
white. Scape an inch high.
Clothed Purgosia. PI. 1 to 2 inches.
28 P. ? MINIMA ; glabrous, nearly stemless ; leaves petiolate,
roundish, entire ; peduncles nearly radical, 1 -flowered. $ . D.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula minima,
Thunb. prod. p. 57. fl. cap. p. 292.
Least Purgosia. PI. \ foot.
29 P. SPICA'TA; radical leaves glabrous, connate, linear-subu-
late ; stem erect, herbaceous, nearly naked ; heads of flowers
verticillated. $ 1 D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Crassula spicata, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 189. Thunb. fl. cap. p.
284. Whorls of flowers sessile, many-flowered, approximate.
Spike-fiowereA Purgosia. PI. -| to 1 foot.
Cult. The greater part of this genus of succulent plants
being biennial, the seeds of them should be sown in spring or
summer, in pots fiUed with gravelly sand and loam, well drained
in the bottom. Cuttings of them are also easily rooted, if laid
to dry a few days after they are cut, before being planted, espe-
cially of those species which are permanent. Brick rubbish,
mixed with loam, is a good soil for the grown up plants.
VII. GLOBU'LEA (from globulus, a globule or small globe ;
in reference to the waxy globules with which the petals are
tipped). Haw. syn. p. 60. rev. succ. p. 17. phil. mag. 1824.
sept. p. 189. — Crassula species of Lin. and others.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Penlagynia. Calyx 5-parted. Pe-
tals 5, erect, bearing each a waxy globule at the apex. Stamens
5, shorter than the petals. Scales 5, short, broad, obtuse. Car-
pels 5.— Herbs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves
flat, rather cultrate : cauline ones few : radical ones crowded,
opposite, not always decussate, but more or less disposed by
pairs, in a spiral manner, about the base of the stem. Flowers
in dense corymbs, subcapitate, small, of a pale cream colour or
white.
§ 1. Cultrdtce (from cullralus, made like a knife ; form of
leaves like a pruning knife). Leaves cuneately-obovate, cultrate.
Stem suffruticose. Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 190.
1 G. CULTRA'TA (Haw. syn. p. 60.) erect ; leaves obovate-
elliptic, acutish, obliquely subreflexed, connate, flattish, shining.
Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula cul-
trata, Lin. spec. 2. p. 405. Sims, hot. mag. t. 1940. — Dill,
hort. elth. p. 115. t. 97. f. 114. Flowers cream-coloured.
Ctt/<rate-leaved Globulea. Fl.Jul. Aug. Clt. 1732. Sh. 1 ft.
2 G. RADI'CANS (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 27.) plant erect,
bushy ; branches crowded, rooting downwards ; leaves lanceo-
late-ovate, cultrate ; flowers in dense heads. fj . D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. It differs from the preceding
in the sepals being obtuse, in the heads of flowers being more
dense, and in the flowers being smaller. Flowers white.
Rooting Globulea. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1823. Sh. 1 foot.
3 G. ATROPURPU'REA (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 189.)
VOL. III.
leaves obliquely cuneate-obovate, dark purple ; scape or flower
bearing stem, very long, and panicled. tj . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Crassula obliqua ft, Haw. rev. succ. p.
204. It approaches very near G. cultrdta, but differs in the in-
florescence. Flowers white.
Dark purple-leaved Globulea. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub
£ to 1 foot.
§ 2. LinguatcE (from lingua, a tongue ; form of leaves).
Leaves lorate, obtuse, convex beneath, or narrow tongue-formed,
imbricating exactly in 4 rows. Stem very short or herbaceous.
Scapes or Jloriferous stems naked. Han. in phil. mag. 1824.
p. 191.
4 G. LI'NGUA (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 28.) leaves elon-
gated, lorate, ventricosely semi-lanceolate, cultrate, and are as
well as the calyxes ciliated. I/ . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Leaves without dots. Flowers panicled, white ;
anthers yellow.
Tongue-leaved Globulea. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 ft.
5 G. LINGULA (Haw. 1. c. p. 29.) leaves rather elongated,
ventricosely semi-lanceolate, cultrate, thin, flaccid. 1£ . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very like the preceding,
but much smaller.
Small-tongue-leaved Globulea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823.
PI. £ foot.
6 G. CAPITAXTA (Haw. rev. succ. p. 17.) leaves ventricosely
lanceolate, cultrate, rather convex beneath, imbricately decus-
sate, when young hoary. ^ . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Crassula capitata, Salm-Dyck, cat. 1820. p. 14.
but not of Lam. Very like G. obvalldta, but larger, and the
leaves are more acinaciform, usually an inch and a half broad.
Carafe-flowered Globulea. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1819. PI.
^- to 1 foot.
7 G. OBVALLA'TA (Haw. syn. p. 60.) leaves opposite, connate,
sublanceolate, cultrate, with cartilaginously ciliated edges : radi-
cal ones approximate ; panicle elongated ; peduncles opposite,
cymose. ^ . or I/ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Trew. pi. rar. 1. t. 11. Crassula obvallata, Lin. mant. p. 61.
D. C. pi. grass, t. 61. Crassula obfalcata and obvallaris, Hortul.
Flowers white.
Guarded- leaved Globulea. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1795. PI. £ ft.
8 G. CANE'SCENS (Haw. syn. p. 61.) leaves all radical, decus-
sately imbricated, ciliated, lorately lanceolate, bent, cultrate,
canescent. If. . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Crassula canescens, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 734. An intermediate
species between G. obvalldta and G. nudicaulis.
Canescent Globulea. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. | foot.
§ S. Angust(lt<e (from angustus, narrow ; leaves). Leaves
linear, semi-terete, furrowed, or terete. Stems herbaceous, tufted.
Scapes leafless. Han. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 191.
9 G. NUDICAU'LIS (Haw. syn. p. 61.) stemless; leaves radical,
crowded, rosulate, semi-terete, subulate, acute, rather pubescent ;
scape nearly naked ; heads of flowers somewhat verticillate,
glomerated at the apex of the scape. Tf.. D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula nudicaulis, Lin. spec. p.
405. D. C. pi. grass, t. 132.— Dill. hort. elth. p. 116. t. 99.
f. 115. Flowers white.
Naked-stemmed Globulea. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1732. PI.
£ to £ foot.
10 G. SULCA'TA (Haw. rev. p. 18.) stemless ; leaves incurved,
subulate, semi-terete, deep green, shining, broadly channelled.
Tt . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very like G.
nudicaulis, but differs in being glabrous, and in the leaves being
broadly furrowed above.
Fumwed-leaved Globulea. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1818. Pl^ft.
106
CRASSULACE^E. VII. GLOBULEA. VIII. CURTOGYNE. IX. GRAMMANTHES.
§ 4. Loralae (from loratus, lorate ; shape of leaves). Leaves
lorate, narrowest at the apex, convex beneath, tufted, imbricating
in 4 rows. Stems herbaceous. Scapes leafy.
1 1 G. IMPRE'SSA (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 189.) plant
stemless ; leaves lorately-lanceolate, green, full of impressed
dots ; dots large, scattered, numerous. Tf. . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves caespitose, decussate, rather
ciliated at the base. Flowers small, pale.
Var. (3, minor (Haw. 1. c.) smaller ; dots on leaves more ob-
solete.
Impressed-dotted Globulea. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1 820. PI. ift.
12 G. PANICULA'TA (Haw. in phil. mag. 1825. p. 29.) leaves
lorate, acuminated, green, beset with minute impressed dots ;
branches of panicle spike-formed. I/ . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Plant stemless, smooth. Leaves convex
beneath and channelled above, with cartilaginously sub-ciliated
margins. Flowers snow white ; anthers yellow.
Panicled-fiov.-ered Globulea. Fl. Jul. Clt. 1823. PI. £ to | ft.
13 G. HISPIDA (Haw. 1. c. p. 30.) leaves crowded, lorate,
acuminated, convex beneath, hispid ; stem suffruticose, hispid.
V? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white.
Hispid Globulea. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1823. PI. £ foot.
§ 5. Subulatce (from subula, an awl; shape of leaves). Leaves
subulate, fleshy, flattish above. Stems suffruticose, branched.
Flowers disposed in dense, cymose, terminal heads. Haw. in phil.
mag. 1824. p. 191.
14 G. MESEMBRYANTHEMOIDES (Haw. 1. C. p. 190.) Stems Suf-
fruticose, bushy, erect ; leaves subulate, and are as well as the
branches, branchlets, and calyxes hispid. Tj . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers glomerate, in dense fasci-
cles, cream-coloured.
Var. ft ; plant a little taller ; flowers not so crowded.
Fig-marigold-like Globulea. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1820. PI.
A to •£ foot.
15 G. SUBINCA'NA (Haw. 1. c.) stem suffruticose, erectly de-
cumbent ; leaves semiterete, subulate, acute, a little incurved,
and are as well as the branchlets covered with soft hoary down.
fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white.
There are decumbent and erect varieties of this plant.
Hoaryish Globulea. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. £ foot.
16 G. MOLLIS (Haw. 1. c. p. 191.) leaves semi-cylindrical,
acute, gibbous below, smooth, erectish, finely tomentose ; cymes
terminal, compound. J? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Crassula mollis, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 189. Thunb. fl. cap.
p. 284. Stem frutescent, angular, a foot high, simple, erect.
Leaves somewhat triquetrous, and therefore it is probably a
distinct genus according to Haworth. Flowers white.
Soft Globulea. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 foot.
Cult. Globulea is a very pretty genus of succulent plants.
Sandy loam and brick rubbish is a good soil for them ; and the
pots should be well drained. Cuttings root easily if laid to dry
a few days after cutting off, before they are planted, to dry up
the wound, that they may not rot. A good situation for the
plants is on the shelves of a greenhouse.
VIII. CURTO'GYNE (cvproe, kurtos, gibbous, and ywr\,gyne,
a style, in botanical language ; in reference to the gibbous ovaria).
Haw. rev. succ. p. 8. D. C. prod. 3. p. 392.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted, much
shorter than the corolla. Petals 5, united at the base into 5-
parted corolla. Stamens 5. Scales 5, short. Ovaria 5, terete-
oblong, gibbous at the apex, ending each in a long sublateral
style. — Subshrubs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves
opposite, flat, rather fleshy, cartilaginously ciliated, ovate. In-
florescence disposed in umbellate cymes. Flowers white. — This
is an intermediate genus between Crassula and Rochea.
1 C. UNDA'TA (Haw. rev. p. 8.) leaves oblong, or ovate-
tongue-shaped, expanded : upper ones waved. Ij . D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Curt6gyne dejfccta, D. C.
prod. 3. p. 892. Crassula dejecta, Jacq. schcenbr. t. 433.
Crassula undata, Haw. suppl. 19. Stems much branched, weak.
Petals snow white, spreading ; anthers exserted, purple, but at
length blackish.
JVavy-leaved Curtogyne. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI.
decumbent.
2 C. UNDULA'TA (Haw. rev. p. 9.) leaves connate, ovate, ex-
panded, cartilaginously crenated : superior ones ovate-elliptic, un-
dulately incurved ; stems dichotomous. Tj . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula undulata, Haw. syn. p. 53.
Similar to the first species, but differs in all the parts being
much smaller and more branched. Flowers white.
Undulate-leaved Curtogyne. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1797. Sh.^ft.
3 C. UNDOSA (Haw. in phil. mag. 1827. p. 184.) leaves ovate-
tongue-shaped, curled : those of the flowering branches retro-
flexed, fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
WWd-leaved Curtogyne. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1824. Sh. 1 ft..
Cult. The culture and propagation of the species of this
genus are the same as that recommended for Globulea, above.
A pretty succulent genus.
IX. GRAMMA'NTHES (from -ypa^pn, gramma, a writing,
and avBog, anthos, a flower ; in consequence of the segments
of the corolla having some supposed resemblance to the letter
V marked on them ; hence also its synonymous name Vaudn-
thes). D. C. prod. 3. p. 392. mem. crass, t. 1. f. 6. Vauanthes,
Haw. rev. p. 18. — Crassula species of Lin. and others.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx campanulate,
5-cleft, erect. Corolla gamopetalous, having the tube the length
of the calyx ; and the lobes 5-6, oval, expanded. Stamens 5-6,
alternating with the lobes, inserted in the tube of the corolla,
and inclosed within it. Scales wanting. Carpels 5. — Herbs
annual. Leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, remote, flat, sessile.
Flowers disposed in cymose corymbs.
1 G. CHLOR^EFLORA (Haw. 1. c.) leaves oblong. Q. D.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Herm. lugd. bat.
p. 553, with a figure. Crassula retroflexa, Thunb. fl. cap.
p. 282. but not of Meerb. Crassula dichotoma, Lin. amcen. 6.
p. 86. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 1. p. 392. Pedicels lateral.
Flowers yellow. The segments of the corolla elegantly marked
with the inverted letter V. in red.
Var. (3 ; flowers orange-coloured. Crassula retroflexa, Ait.
hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 194. Haw. syn. p. 57.
Chlora-flowered Grammanthes. Fl. Jul. Clt. 1774. PI. £ ft.
2 G. GENTIANO!DES (D. C. prod. 3. p. 393.) leaves ovate-
oblong. O- G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Cras-
sula gentianoides, Lam. diet. 2. p. 175. — Pluk. mant. 89. t. 415.
f. 6. Flowers pale blue, ex Pluk. and Lam. but the flowers are
more likely yellow, and have become bluish on drying. Perhaps
sufficiently distinct from the preceding.
Gentian-like Grammanthes. PI. ^ foot.
Cult. Sow the seeds thinly in pots filled with a mixture of
gravelly sand or lime rubbish and loam, draining them well with
sherds. The species are singular succulent plants.
X. RO'CHEA (in honour of M. de la Roche, author of a
monograph on the genus Eryngium, &c.). D. C. pi. grass, no.
103. prod. 3. p. 393. mem. crass, t. 1. f. 3. Larochea, Pers.
ench. no. 753. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. no. 1255. Haw. syn.
p. 50.
CRASSULACE^E. X. ROCHEA. XI. KALOSANTHES.
107
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-lobed. Pe-
tals 5, united into gamopetalous liypocrateriform corolla ; with
a short tube, equal in length to the spreading limb, or shorter
than it. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals, a little exserted.
Glands and carpels 5. — Tall, fleshy, simple, succulent shrubs.
Leaves opposite, connate at the base, thick, white. Flowers
disposed in terminal corymbs, without any bracteas.
1 R. FALCA'TA (D. C. pi. grass, t. 103.) leaves rather con-
nate, thick, glaucous, oblong, bluntish, bent down in the form of
a sickle. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. La-
rochea falcata, Haw. syn. p. 50. Tratt. thes. t. 20. Crassula
fulfiita, Willd. enum. p. 341. Sims, hot. mag. t. 2035. Cras-
sula retroflexa, Meerb. with a figure. Crassula obliqua, Andr.
hot. rep. p. 414. exclusive of the synonyms. Crassula Swel-
lingrebliana and Cr. decussata, Hort. gall. Flowers scarlet,
with the tube about 4 lines long, forming a large, dense, terminal
corymb.
Var. ft, minor (Haw. rev. succ. p. 3.) all parts of the plant
smaller.
Sickle-leaved Rochea. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1795. Sh. 3 to 8 ft.
2 R. PERFOLIA'TA (Haw. rev. p. 6. under Larochea} leaves
connate, lanceolate, acuminated, rather channelled above, convex
beneath, of a greenish glaucous colour. Ij . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula perfoli£ta, Lin. spec. 404.
Haw. syn. p. 51. Flowers scarlei, disposed in large, terminal
corymbs. Leaves said to be ciliated.
Var. /3, alb'tflora (Haw. 1. c.) flowers white. Crassula perfo-
liata, D. C. pi. grass, t. 13.— Dill. hort. elth. f. 1 13. Mill. fig.
t. 108. Comm. prsel. t. 23. without any flower, and is there-
fore referrible to A~loe pertiisa, Haw. in Lin. trans. 7. p. 25.
Perfoliate-leaved Rochea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1700. Sh.
3 to 6 feet.
3 R. ALBIFLORA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 393.) leaves distinct, ovate,
acuminated, spreading, cartilaginously ciliated. Tj . D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula albiflora, Sims. bot.
mag. t. 2,391. Flowers white, disposed like those of R. falcata,
but larger than those of R. perfolidla. Anthers blackish, and
a little more exserted than those of the other species.
White-flowered Rochea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub
2 to 3 feet ?
Cult. Large, succulent plants, elegant when in flower. Their
culture, propagation, and treatment are the same as that recom-
mended for Globulea, p. 106.
XI. KALOSA'NTHES (from jcaXoc, kalos, beautiful, and
av0oe, anthos, a flower ; flowers elegant). Haw. rev. succ.
1821. p. 6. but not of Blume. — Dietrichia, Tratt. tab. t. 449.
arch. gew. (1812.) no. 449. but not of Rseusch. — Rochea, sect.
2. Franciscea, D. C. prod. 3. p. 393.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-lobed (f. 26.
a.). Petals 5, united into a gamopetalous hypocratrilbrm co-
rolla (f. 26. a.), with a cylindrical tube 2 or 3 times longer than
the spreading limb (f. 26. a.). Stamens 5, alternating with the
petals ; anthers in the throat of the tube of the corolla. Glands
and carpels 5. — Succulent shrubs. Leaves opposite, oval, or
oblong, connate, flat, cartilaginously ciliated. Flowers disposed in
cymose umbels or heads, involucrated with numerous bracteas.
. 1 K. COCCINEA (Haw. rev. p. 18.) leaves connate and sheath-
ing at the base, ovate-oblong, acutish. ^ . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Larochea coccinea, Haw. syn. p. 50.
Crassula coccinea, Lin. spec. Curt. bot. mag. t. 495. Dietri-
chia coccinea, Tratt. thes. t. 19. — Comm. rar. t. 24. Bradl.
succ. t. 50. Burin, afr. t. 23. f. 1. Flowers scarlet; tube an
inch long. According to Breyn. prod. 3. t. 20. f. 1. there is a
variety with flesh-coloured flowers ; and according to Bradl. succ.
FIG. 26.
t. 50. and Haw. rev. p. 8. there is a variety with white flowers,
but in the gardens it is not to be found but with scarlet flowers.
Scar let- flowered. Kalosanthes. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1710.
Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
2 K. ME'DIA (Haw. rev. p. 7.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, con-
nate, stem-clasping ; flowers variable in colour. ^ • D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Rochea media, D. C. prod.
3. p. 394.
Middle Kalosanthes. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. Shrub 1 ft.
3 K. VERSICOLOR (Haw. rev. p. 7.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
acute, connate and sheathing at the base ; stem erect, branched ;
flowers in umbellate heads. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, on the Table Mountain. Crassula versicolor,
Burch, ex Ker. bot. reg. t. 320. Rochea versicolor, D. C. prod.
3. p. 394. Flowers about the size of those of AT. coccinea, having
the tube white, and the segments of the limb oval, white in the
middle, edged with scarlet. Calyx as long as f of the tube of
the corolla.
Party-coloured-Rovrered. Kalosanthes. Fl. Mar. Sept. Clt.
1817. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
4 K. ODORATISSIMA (Haw. rev.
p. 7.) leaves linear-lanceolate,
gradually acuminated, connately
stem-clasping ; flowers in umbel-
late heads ; segments of the co-
rolla oblong, acutish. fj . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Crassula odoratissima,
Andr. bot. rep. t. 26. Jacq. hort.
schoenbr. t. 434. Larochea odo-
ratissima, Haw. syn. p. 51. Die-
trichia odoratissima, Tratt. Ro-
chea odoratissima, D. C. prod. 3.
p. 394. The flowers are yellow,
according to Andrews ; yellow-
ish, Haworth ; but with red claws
and white lamina, according to
Jacquin ; they have the scent of those of Polydnthus luberosus,
or Tube-rose.
Var. fl, dlba (D. C. prod. 3. p. 394.) flowers white. ^ . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula capitata, Lodd.
bot. cab. t. 1029. Leaves less ciliated, according to the figure,
than those of the species.
Smeet-scented Kalosanthes. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1793. Sh. 1 ft.
5 K. BI'COLOR (Haw. rev. p. 7.) flowers capitate, sessile, yel-
low, and scarlet. I? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Very like the preceding species, but larger and more rigid, and
the leaves are more acute.
Tno-coloured-RoviereA. Kalosanthes. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1810.
Shrub 1 foot.
6 K. FLA'VA (Haw. syn. p. 50. under Larochea) leaves con-
nate, sheathing, smooth, approximate, linear, thick, acute.
Jj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. t.
23. f. 3. Pluk. aim. t. 314. f. 2. Crassula flava, Lin. mant.
p. 60. Flowers yellow, disposed in a panicled corymb.
Yellow-fiowered Kalosanthes. Shrub 1 to 2 feet ?
7 K. CYMOSA (Haw. rev. p. 7.) leaves connate, sheathing,
linear ; cymes terminal ; stem shrubby. Tj . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Crassula cymosa, Lin. mant. 222. C.
capitata, Lam. diet. 2. p. 171. Lar6chea cymosa, Haw. syn. p.
50. Flowers red.
Cymose-fiowered Kalosanthes. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. £ ft.
8 K. JASMI'NEA (Haw. rev. p. 6.) leaves lanceolate, sessile,
bluntish ; flowers few, capitate ; stems suflfruticose, decumbent.
J? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula jas-
miniflSra, Haw. Crassula jasminea, Sims, bot. mag. 2178.
108
CRASSULACEjfc. XI. KALOSANTHES. XII. KALANCHOE.
Lodd. bot. cab. 1040. Crassula obtusa, Haw. suppl, p. 16.
Rochea jasminea, D. C. prod. 3. p. 394. Flowers white at first,
but becoming reddish as they fade, very like those of the
common jasmine, scentless. Tube of corolla almost 3 times
longer than the calyx. Heads containing 2-4 flowers.
Jasmine- flowered Kalosanthes. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1815.
Shrub decumbent.
9 K. BICONVE'XA (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 185.) leaves
narrow-linear, distinctly convex on both surfaces. Tj . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula biconvexa, Haw.
misc. p. 175. syn. 53. Rochea biconvexa, D. C. prod. 3. p.
394. Flowers white ?
Double-convex-leaved Kalosanthes. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1823.
Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
1 0 K. F ASCICULA'RIS (Schultes, syst. G. p. 709. under Larochea,)
leaves connately sheathing at the base, linear-lanceolate ; flowers
in fascicles ; segments of the calyx lanceolate, acute, ciliated.
Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula fasci-
cularis, Lam. diet. 2. p. 171. Leaves glabrous, cartilaginously
ciliated. Corolla almost as in A", coccinea, but is a little
shorter.
Fascicled-leaved Kalosanthes. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. Elegant succulent shrubs, worth cultivating in every
collection for the beauty of their flowers. The culture, propa-
gation, and treatment they require are the same as that recom-
mended for Globulea, p. 106.
XII. KALANCHO'E (Chinese name of one of the species).
Adans. fam. 2. p. 248. D. C. pi. grass, no. 64. D. C. prod. 3.
p. 394. Haw. in phil. mag. 1829. p. 301. — Calanchoe, Pers. —
Vereia, Andr. bot. rep. t. 21. Verea, Willd.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Tetragynia. Calyx 4-parted (rarely
5-parted) ; sepals united only at the very base, lorate, acute,
spreadingly recurved at the apex. Corolla gamopetalous, hypo-
crateriform with an obversely clavate tube, and a 4-parted
(rarely 5-parted) spreading limb. Stamens 8, 4 of which are
adnate to the tube, nearly to the middle, the other 4 almost to
the apex. Scales 4, linear, but almost obsolete in the K. varians.
Carpels 4, continuous, with the filiform styles. — Succulent sub-
shrubs, from 1 to 2 feet high, erect, a little branched. Leaves
opposite, fleshy, more or less irregularly impari-pinnate, or
ovate, toothed or serrated, and often of a glaucous hue. Flowers
disposed in loose cymose terminal panicles, yellow, or rufescent,
rarely white, scentless. This is a very natural genus.
* Leaves pinnattfid.
1 K. CERATOPHY'LLA (Haw. rev. p. 23. phil. mag. 1. c.) leaves
pedately bipinnatifid, deeply and broadly toothed, pale green ;
stem branched. Tj . D. S. Native of China. Flowers yellow.
Braan. icon. chin. t. 9.
Horn-leaved Kalanchoe. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
2 K. LACINIA'TA (Haw. syn. p. 111.) leaves simply pinnatifid,
glaucous ; segments deeply and broadly toothed, fy . D. S.
Native of Java, Moluccas, and Mauritius; and of Egypt. D.C.
pi. grass, t. 100. Planta anatis, Rumph. amb. 5. t. 95. Coty-
ledon laciniata, Lin. spec. 1. p. 615. — Weinm. phyt. t. 435.
Flowers yellow.
Jagged-leaved Kalanchoe. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1781. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
* Leaves simple ; but in K. varians some of them are tri-
cuspidate.
3 K. v A'RIANS (Haw. in phil. mag. 1829. p. 302.) smooth,
glaucous ; leaves oval, broadly toothed : upper ones sometimes
tricuspidate. Jj . D. S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers
yellow, sometimes 5-cleft.
Varying Kalanchoe. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub 2 feet.
4 K. CRENAVTA (Haw. syn. p. 109.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
broadly toothed, crenated : crenae usually double. J; . D. S.
Native of Sierra Leone. Kalanchoe Verea, Pers. ench. 1. p.
446. Vereia crenata, Kennedy in Andr. bot. rep. 1. t. 21.
Cotyledon crenata, Sims, in bot. mag. 1436. Vent. malm. t. 49.
Cotyledon Verea, Jacq. schcenbr. t. 435. — Pluk. aim. t. 228. f.
3. Flowers yellow.
Crenated-leaved Kalanchoe. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1793. Sh.
1 to 2 feet.
5 K. ACUTIFLORA (Haw. syn. p. 109.) leaves broad-lanceolate,
crenated, glabrous, thick ; segments of attenuated corolla acute.
Tj . D. S. Native of the East Indies. Vereia acutiflora, Ken-
nedy in Andr. bot. rep. t. 560. Flowers whitish.
Acute-flowered Kalanchoe. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1806. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
6 K. LANCEOLA'TA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 395.) leaves lanceo-
late, crenated at the apex ; stem, peduncles, calyxes, and corol-
las, villous ; cymes panicled. t? . D. G. Native of Arabia.
Cotyledon lanceolata, Forsk. desc. p. 89. Flowers said to be
reddish yellow, that is, probably brownish.
Lanceolate-leaved. Kalanchoe. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
7 K. BRASILIE'NSIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 196.) puberulous ;
lower leaves roundish : middle ones obovate-lanceolate : upper
ones linear ; all crenately serrated ; cymes dense ; lobes of co-
rolla very acute. Tj . D. S. Native of Brazil, near Rio Ja-
neiro by the sea side. Corolla with a yellow tube, and a rose-
coloured limb. This plant seems to be an exception from the
exciting and acrid properties peculiar to the rest of Crassulacece,
it being used by the Brazilians in their domestic medicine.
Brazilian Kalanchoe. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
8 K. ALTE'RNANS (D. C. prod. 3. p. 395.) leaves roundish-
spatulate, quite entire ; panicles glabrous. Ij . D. G. Native
of Arabia, on mountains. Cotyledon alternans, Vahl. symb. 2.
p. 51. but not of Haw. Cotyledon orbiculata, Forsk. cat. arab.
p. 112. Segments of corolla reddish yellow, that is, probably
brown.
Alternating Kalanchoe. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
9 K. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Haw. in phil. mag. July, 1825. p. 31.)
plant straight and slender ; leaves thick : lower ones roundish :
upper ones obovate, and almost entire ; flowers small. Jj . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers rufescent or yellow.
Round-leaved Kalanchoe. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
10 K. ./EGYPTI'ACA (D. C. pi. grass, t. 64. prod. 3. p. 395.)
leaves obovate-spatulate, crenated : lower ones obtuse, and rather
concave : upper ones acute ; cyme a crowded panicle. Tj . D.
G. Native of Egypt, on Mount Melhan. Cotyledon Integra,
Medik. comm. pal. 3. p. 200. t. 9. Cotyledon nudicaulis, Vahl.
symb. 2. p. 59. Cotyledon deficiens, Forsk. descr. p. 89.
Flowers orange- coloured.
Egyptian Kalanchoe. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
11 K. SPATULA'TA (D. C. pi. grass, t. 65.) leaves obovately-
spatulate, crenated, glabrous : lower ones obtuse : upper ones
acute ; cymes panicled, loose. Jj . D. G. Native of China.
Cotyledon hybrida, H,ort. par. Cotyledon spatulata, Poir. suppl.
2. p. 373. Flowers yellow.
Spatulate-leaved. Kalanchoe. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. SH.
1 to 2 feet.
Cult. The species of Kalanchoe being succulent, require very
little water unless when growing freely ; and the pots in which
they are grown ought to be well drained with sherds. A mix-
ture of loam and sand appears to be the best soil for them. The
species are easily increased by cuttings. A leaf taken off" any
CRASSULACE^E. XIII. BRYOPHYLLUM. XIV. COTYLEDON.
109
of the species, and laid on the pot of mould, or on a tan-bed,
will shoot out young plants from the notches on the edges of the
leaf.
XIII. BRYOPHY'LLUM (from /3pvw, bryo, to sprout, and
t]>v\\ot>, phyllon, a leaf; plants spring from the notches on the
edges of the leaves when taken off the plant, and placed in a moist
situation). Salisb. par. 3. D. C. prod. 3. p. 395. — Crassouvia,
Comm. mss. — Physocalycium, Vest, in fl. 1820. p. 409. — Coty-
ledon species, Lam. — Calanchoe species, Pers.
LIN. SYST. Octandria, Tetragynia. Calyx inflated, bladdery
before flowering, hardly 4-cleft to the middle ; lobes 4, valvate.
Corolla gamopetalous, hypogynous, having a long cylindrical
tube, which is bluntly tetragonal at the base ; and the lobes of
the limb triangular and acute. Stamens 8, adnate to the base of
the tube. Glands 4, oblong. — A fleshy, erect, branched, gla-
brous shrub. Leaves opposite, thick, petiolate ; some impari-pin-
nate, with one or 2 pairs of segments, the terminal segment large ;
others solitary, all ovate and crenated ; crense bearing an
opaque dot in each, which is easily made to evolve into a plant.
Cymes panicled, terminal. Flowers yellowish red, or green and
red. Calyx almost like that of Silene inflata.
1 B. CALYCINUM (Salisb. 1. c.) t? . D. S. Native of the Mo-
luccas and the Mauritius. Sims, bot. mag. 1409. herb. amat. t.
317. Crassouvia floripendula, Comm. mss. Cotyledon pinnata,
Lam. diet. 2. p. 141. Calanchoe pinnata, Pers. ench. 1. p.
446. Cotyledon calyculata, Soland. in herb. Banks. Coty-
ledon rehizophylla, Roxb. Cotyledon calycina, Roth, nov.
spec. 217.
Large-calyxed Bryophyllum. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1806.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. See Kalanchbe above for culture and propagation.
XIV. COTYLE'DON (from coruXjj, kotyle, a cavity ; cup-
like leaves of some species). D.C. bull. phil. 1801. no. 49. p. 1.
prod. 3. p. 396. mem. eras. t. 1. f. 7. Cotyledones Capenses,
Lin. Burm. Haw, &c.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted, much
shorter than the tube of the corolla. Corolla gamopetalous ;
tube ovate-cylindrical ; limb 5-lobed, spreadingly reflexed or
revolute ; lobes obtuse. Stamens 10, adnate to the base of the
tube of the corolla : the upper part free, exserted or almost in-
closed. Scales oval. Carpels 5, continuous, with the styles,
which are subulate. — Fleshy shrubs, native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Leaves usually scattered. Flowers loose, panicled, pur-
plish or orange-coloured. This genus has been divided into
sections from the form of the corolla by the Prince Salm-Dyck,
but the corolla being unknown in a great many of the species we
cannot follow these divisions.
* Leaves opposite.
1 C. UNDULA'TA (Haw. suppl. 20. rev. 20.) leaves opposite,
rhomboid-ovate, with an acumen, pale green: older ones large and
very thick, margined with red at the apex : when young lean and
waved, fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
unknown. Very similar to C. orbiculata, but the stem is more
humble, and the leaves longer, and less obtuse at the apex. Salm-
Dyck. in litt.
Undulated-leaveA Cotyledon. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 ft.
2 C. ORBICULA'TA (Lin. spec. 614.) leaves opposite, flat,
obovately-spatulate, obtuse, with an acumen, glaucous, and
mealy, margined with red ; flowers panicled ; caudex erect,
branched, fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
D.C. pi. grass, no. 76. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 108.
Flowers reddish.
Var. a, rotundifblia (D.C. prod. 3. p. 396.) leaves roundish.
— C. orbiculata, Haw. succ. syn. p. 105. C. orbiculata y, ro-
tunda, D. C. 1. c.
Var. ft, obovata (D. C. 1. c.) leaves obovate, margined with
red. — C. ovata, Haw. 1. c. C. orbiculata var. a, D. C. pi. grass,
t. 76. Curt. bot. mag. t. 321. — Mor. oxon. sect. 12. t. 7. f. 39.
Herm. lugd. bat. 551. with a figure.
Var. y, oblonga (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong. — C. oblonga, Haw.
1. c. C. orbiculata j3, Ait. 1. c.
Var. S, elata (Salm-Dyck. in litt.) leaves orbicularly obovate,
white, and mealy ; stem tall, firm, a little branched. C. elata,
Haw. suppl. p. 20.
Var. c, ramosa (Salm-Dyck. in litt.) leaves ovate-spatulate,
white, and mealy ; caudex much branched ; branches effuse. C.
ramosa, Haw. suppl. p. 20. C. ramosissima, Mill. diet. C.
orbiculata y, Ait. hort. kew.
Orbicular-]eaved Cotyledon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1798.
Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
3 C. CRASSIFOLIA (Haw. in phil. mag. 1826. p. 272.) stem
erect, shrubby ; plant white from mealiness ; leaves rhomboid,
obcuneated, thick. I? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Leaves distant, decussately opposite, edged with brown-
ish purple on the margin above the middle. Flowers not seen.
Thick-leaved Cotyledon. Clt. 1824. Shrub l£ to 3 feet.
4 C. VI'RIDIS (Haw. in phil. mag. 1826. p. 272.) stem shrubby,
erect, nearly simple ; leaves obovate-cuneated, green. Tj . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves middle-sized, lean.
In habit it follows C. crassifolia.
Green Cotyledon. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
5 C. RAMOSI'SSIMA (Haw. suppl. p. 25.) leaves oblong-spatu-
late, farinose, margined with red at the apex ; caudex much
branched ; young branchlets erect : old ones twisted, and
crowded, fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. C.
paniculata, Lin. fil. suppl. Flowers unknown. Leaves not half
the size of those of the smallest variety of C. orbiculata, hardly
15 lines long, and 9 lines broad.
tyfost-branched Cotyledon. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1816. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
6 C. CORU'SCANS (Haw. suppl. p. 21.) leaves decussate, aggre-
gate, cuneate-oblong, channelled, with thickened margins, api-
culated, covered with white mealiness ; flowers pendulous, dis-
posed in umbellate panicles. T? . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Sims, bot. mag. 2601. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1030.
C. canalifolia, Haw. in phil. mag. 1825. July, p. 33. Flowers
orange-coloured like those of C. orbiculata, but paler and rather
longer.
Glittering Cotyledon. Fl.June. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
7 C. UNGULA'TA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 139.) leaves opposite, semi-
cylindrical, channelled, glabrous, purple, and furnished with a
callous point at the margin near the apex ; flowers in a kind
of panicle, glabrous ; caudex erect. I? . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. dec. 3. p. 24. t. 22. f. 1 .
Flowers purplish, pendulous. Very like C. orbiculata.
Cfon>-leaved Cotyledon. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
8 C. PAPILLA' RIS (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 242.) leaves opposite,
terete-ovate, fleshy, glabrous, acute, erect ; flowers in panicles,
glabrous ; caudex decumbent, clothed with fine villi. Jj . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. suppl. p. 21. Thunb.
fl. cap. p. 397. C. decussata, Sims, bot. mag. t. 2518. Lindl.
bot. reg. t. 915. Corolla red, unguicular, with a somewhat pen-
tagonal tube, and oblong acute reflexed lobes. Leaves as in C.
coruscans, and C. ungulata, truncate at the apex, and with a
marginal claw or point.
Papillose Cotyledon. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1819. Shrub 1 to 2 ft.
9 C. TRICUSPJDA'TA (Haw. in phil. mag. 1825. July, p. 32.)
plant white from mealiness ; leaves narrow, usually deeply tri-
cuspidate. ^ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
110
CRASSULACE^:. XIV. COTYLEDON.
Very like C. papillaris, but differs in the leaves being tricus-
pidate.
Tricuspidate-]eaved. Cotyledon. Clt. 1823. Shrub 1 foot.
10 C. FURPU'REA (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 396.) leaves opposite,
linear-oblong, fleshy, concave, glabrous ; flowers panicled, gla-
brous ; caudex erect, nearly herbaceous. Tj . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla purple, an inch long.
/>«»7)/e-flowered Cotyledon. Shrub 1 foot.
11C. TERETIFOLIA (Thunb. prod. p. 83. fl. cap. p. 397. but
not of Lam.) leaves opposite, nearly terete, fleshy, hairy, obtuse,
with an acumen ; flowers panicled, hairy ; caudex erect, simple.
^ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Terete-leaved Cotyledon. Shrub 1 foot.
12 C. CUNEIFO'RMIS (Haw. inphil. mag. March, 1828. p. 185.)
stems short, branched ; leaves crowded, obovate, mucronate,
rather white from mealiness. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Like C. crassifolia, but much more humble.
Wedge-leaved Cotyledon. Shrub 1 foot.
* * Leaves alternate, marcescent.
13 C. cuRViFtbRA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 2044.) leaves scat-
tered, semicylindrical, glabrous ; cicatrices of the stem, where
the old leaves have fallen off) rather prominent ; flowers pani-
cled, nodding ; calyxes loose ; tube of corolla pentagonal, in-
curved. *2 . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
of a dirty yellow-colour, almost reddish, about an inch long.
Styles longer than the stamens.
Curve-flowered Cotyledon. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
14 C. TUBERCULOSA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 139.) leaves scattered,
subcylindrical, linear-oblong, acute ; cicatrices of the old leaves
tubercular ; flowers subpanicled, erect ; peduncles and calyxes
pubescent, fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
— Burm. afr. t. 20. f. 1 . C. grandiflora, N. L. Burm. prod. fl.
cap. 13. C. tuberculosa, D. C. pi. grass. 1. t. 86. Flowers
showy, orange-coloured, tubular, an inch or more long ; limb
spreading, not replicate.
Tubercular Cotyledon. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1
to 2 feet.
15 C. CACALIOIDES (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 242.) leaves scattered,
terete, acute ; cicatrices of the old leaves pitted ; flowers pa-
nicled, erect, seated on a long, elongated, nearly naked stem.
Jj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. t.
20. f. 2. Flowers yellow, rather villous, half an inch long. Leaves
deciduous when the plant is in flower ; hence Burmann called it
C, aphylla.
Cacalia-like Cotyledon. Fl. May. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 foot.
16 C. VENTRICOSA (N. L. Burm. prod. fl. cap. p. 13.) leaves
scattered, linear-oblong, acute at both ends ; cicatrices on old
stems tubercular ; flowers in loose racemes, pedicellate, erect ;
tube ventricose, pentagonal ; lobes acute. T? . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. dec. 3. p. 51. t. 21. f. 1.
Flowers greenish, almost like those of C. hemispharica. Leaves
like those of C . tuberculosa, according to Burm.
Ventricose-fiowered Cotyledon. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
17 C. SPU'RIA (Lin. spec. p. 614.? exclusive of the syno-
nymes,) leaves almost radical, terete, oblong, fleshy, obtuse, nar-
rower at the base ; caudex very short, thick ; flowering stem
erect, naked ; flowers somewhat panicled. fj . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. p. 43. t. 19. f. 1. Pluk.
aim. t. 323. f. 1.— Willd. spec. 2. p. 754. C. teretif61ia, Lam.
diet. 2. p. 139. but not of Thunb.
Spurious Cotyledon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. Shrub 1 ft.
18 C. FASCICULA'RIS (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 106.)
leaves scattered, but in fascicles at the tops of the branches,
cuneiform, obtuse, flat, thick ; caudex thickened, branched ;
flowers panicled, pendulous, with revolute limbs. f? . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. p. 41. t. 18.
C. paniculata, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 396. ex Burm. syn. C. tardi-
flora, Bonpl. nav. t. 37. Corolla with a short, greenish, broad,
subpentagonal tube, and a reddish revolute limb.
Fascicled-Rowered Cotyledon. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1759.
Shrub 1 foot.
* * »
Leaves alternate, permanent.
19 C. TRIFLORA (Thunb. prod. p. 83. fl. cap. p. 396.) leaves
scattered, oblong-spatulate, obtuse, fleshy, of a greyish shining
colour ; flowers by threes, in spikes, approximate, with repli-
cate limbs ; stem suffrutescent. T; . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope, near Zehorivier. Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 6. C.
elata, Haw. suppl. Corolla with a green tube, and an acute
limb, variegated with white and purple.
Three-florvered Cotyledon. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1821. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
20 C. MACULA'TA (Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 5.) leaves scattered,
ovate-spatulate, somewhat auriculated at the base, fleshy, shin-
ing, marked with dark red spots on both surfaces ; flowers spi-
cate, almost alternate : limb spreading ; stem suffruticose. ^ .
D. G. Native country unknown. C. alternans, Haw. suppl. ex
Salm-Dyck. but not of Vahl. Spike terminal, generally simple.
Tube of corolla green, subventricose, with the segments of the
limb acute, variegated with white and purple.
Spotted-leaved Cotyledon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Sh. 1 ft.
21 C. RHOMBIFOLIA (Haw. in phil. mag. 1825. July, p. 33.)
leaves approximate, obovate-rhomboid, mucronate, white and
mealy ; stem branched, strong, decumbent. Tj . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Allied to C. hemisphee'rica, but
more humble and branched, and the leaves are rhomboid, and
more acuminated. Flowers unknown.
Rhomb-leaved Cotyledon. Clt. 1823. Shrub decumbent.
22 C. JASMINIFLORA (Salm-Dyck, obs. Haw. rev. p. 20.)
leaves rather crowded, green, rhomboid-spatulate, fleshy ; stem
humble ; peduncle terminal, branched ; flowers erect, with a
green tube, and a revolute limb, variegated with white and pur-
ple ; pedicels long, thickened. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Allied to C. hemisphce'rica, but the stems are
more humble, thickened from the root ; the leaves longer, and
the flowers with the tube and limb more ample, and more like a
jasmine flower. Salm-Dyck in litt.
Jasmine-flowered Cotyledon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh.
1 foot.
23 C. HEMISPHJE'RICA (Lin. spec. p. 614.) leaves scattered,
ovate-roundish, thick, dotted, glabrous ; flowers nearly sessile,
erect, along an elongated peduncle ; lobes of corolla spreading.
(7 . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.— Dill. elth. 2. 't.
95. f. 111. C. hemisphEe'rica, D. C. pi. grass. 1. 1. 87. Flowers
small, with a green tube, and the limb variegated with white and
purple.
Hemispherical Cotyledon. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1731. Sh. 1 ft.
24 C. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Haw. in phil. mag. 1826. p. 273.)
shrubby, dwarf; leaves straight, crowded, roundish, dirty green ;
branches short, decumbent. 1? . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Leaves flat, convex beneath, mealy. Allied to
C. hemisphee'rica.
Round-leaved Cotyledon. Shrub decumbent.
25 C. MAMILLA'RIS (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 242.) leaves scattered,
crowded into something like whorles, terete, ovate, obtuse, gla-
brous ; flowers spreading on short pedicels, which are seated on
an elongated peduncle ; stem creeping. Tj . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope, near Olyfants Bad. Thunb. fl. cap. p.
397. Haw. rev. p. 21. suppl. 22. Corolla tubular, glabrous,
with a green tube, and a spreadingly reflexed limb, which is
variegated with white and purple.
CRASSULACE^E. XIV. COTYLEDON. XV. PISTORINIA. XVI. UMBILICUS.
Ill
Mamillary Cotyledon. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Sh. cr.
26 C. CUNEA'TA (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 395.) leaves radical, cu-
neated, fleshy, hairy, with purple margins ; stem erect, some-
what herbaceous, pubescent, viscid ; corolla hairy. Tj . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Cuneated-leaved Cotyledon. Fl. May. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 ft.
27 C. INTERJE'CTA (Haw. in phil. mag. March, 1828, p. 185.)
leaves glaucescent, narrow- oblong, acute, incurved, channelled ;
stem short, strong, fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Very like C. spuria, but differs in being higher, in the
leaves being shorter, thicker, and narrower, more channelled,
and without doubt incurved.
Cast Cotyledon. Clt. 1823. Shrub J foot.
28 C. CARYOPHYLLA'CEA (N. L. Burm. prod. fl. cap. 13.)
leaves aggregate, ovate, thick, flat, glaucous ; flowers panicled,
on long erect pedicels ; stem branched. Jj . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. dec. 2. p. 39. t. 17.
Corolla tubular, form of the bud of a clove ; lobes spreading,
ovate, acute, flesh-coloured, with a red line. Very like C. he-
misphee'rica, but differs in the flowers being distinctly pedi-
cellate.
Clove-like Cotyledon. Stem 1 foot.
29 C. MUCRONA'TA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 142.) leaves nearly radi-
cal, oval, flat, with undulated margins, mucronate at the apex ;
stem branched, very short ; floriferous stem naked ; flowers
erect, in loose panicles. I? . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Burm. afr. p. 44. t. 19. f. 2. C. undulata, Haw.
Lobes of corolla acute.
Mucronate-leaved Cotyledon. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818.
Shrub ^ foot.
•f" Species not sufficiently known.
30 C. RETICULA'TA (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 393.) leaves scattered
at the tops of the branches, terete, acute, erect, soft, glabrous ;
stem erect, shrubby, fleshy ; flowers erect, in dichotomous pa-
nicles. \ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Carro.
Caudex a hand high. Panicle decompound.
Reticulated Cotyledon. Shrub f foot.
31 C. DICHO'TOMA (Haw. suppl. 27. ex rev. 22.) leaves chan-
nelled ; cymes dichotomous, puberulous, bracteated by spines ;
tube of corolla somewhat bottle-formed, with a replicate limb.
Ij . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Dichotomous Cotyledon. Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
32 C. PA'RVULA (Burch. cat. geogr. no. 1818. ex voy. cap. 1.
p. 219.) leaves oval, rather compressed, thick; panicle dichoto-
mously branched ; pedicels erect, very long, capillary ; stem
erect, fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Plant
6-9 inches high.
Small Cotyledon. PL £ to 1 foot.
33 C. TRIGYNA (Burch. trav. afr. 2. p. 226.) stemless ; leaves
glabrous, flattened, fleshy, cuneate-oval or nearly orbicular ;
flowers erect, alternate on an elongated simple scape, rarely on a
bifid one. fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Co-
rolla cylindrical, purplish, with a short reflexed limb, and a pur-
ple throat. Carpels 3.
Trigynous Cotyledon. PI. -| to 1 foot.
34 C. CRISTA'TA (Haw. phil. mag. 1827, April 1, p. 123.)
leaves petiolate, cuneately triangular, curled and crested at the
apex. T? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Herb
succulent, leafy, evergreen. Stem short, with the surculi densely
clothed with rufous hairs. Leaves erect, an inch long, thick,
purplish at the apex, beset with dots of scurfy down. Spikes
terminal. Flowers small, open in the morning.
Crested Cotyledon. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1820. PL £ foot.
35 C. CLAVIFOLIA (Haw. 1. c.) leaves petiolate, club-formed,
incurved, acuminated, and rather curled at the apex, fj . D. G.
8
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Allied to the preceding
species ; but the flowers are about twice the size, and purple.
Club-leaved Cotyledon. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1824. PL | foot.
Cult. Cotyledon is a genus of pretty succulent plants. The
culture, propagation, and management of the species are the same
as that for Globulea, p. 106.
XV. PISTORI'NIA (meaning unknown to us). D. C. prod. 3.
p. 399. mem. crass, p. 25. t. 10. f. 5. — Cotyledon species of
authors.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted, much
shorter than the tube of the corolla. Corolla gamopetalous,
funnel-shaped ; tube long, terete ; limb spreading, 5-parted.
Stamens 10, adnate the whole length of the tube, but free at
the throat, and exserted. Scales 5, oblong, obtuse. Carpels 5,
each ending in a long filiform style. — Erect annual or biennial
herbs. Leaves nearly terete, oblong, scattered, sessile. Flowers
cymose, red. Habit of the plants belonging to that section of Um-
bilicus called Mucizonia, and the flowers like those of Cotyledon.
1 P. HISPA'NICA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 399.) O- or $ . H. Na-
tive of Spain and Barbary, in exposed sandy places. Cotyledon
Hispanica, Lcefl. itin. p. 77. t. 1. Lin. spec. 615. D. C. pi.
grass, t. 122. Cotyledon Pistorinia, Ort. vnon. 1772. with a
figure.
Spanish Pistorinia. FL June, July. Clt. 1796. PL £ foot.
Cult. Sow the seeds in any dry situation in a light soil in the
open border, or on rock-work.
XVI. UMBILIVCUS (from umbilicus, the navel; hollow leaves
of some species). B.C. in bull. phil. 1801. no. 49. prod. 3. p. 399.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla gamopetalous, campanulate, 5-cleft ; lobes ovate, acute,
erect, about the length of the tube. Stamens 10, inserted in the
corolla. Scales 5, obtuse. Carpels 5, attenuated at the apex.
Styles subulate. — Herbs, indigenous to the south of Europe and
the Levant. Leaves rosulate or alternate, quite entire, or a little
toothed. Flowers white or yellow, in branched or simple termi-
nal racemes, never in cymes.
SECT. I. ROSULA'RIA (from rosa, a rose ; in reference to the
leaves being rosulate, or disposed like the petals in the flower of
a rose). D. C. prod. 3. p. 399. Sepals equal to the tube of
the corolla. Leaves radical, rosulate. Scapes subpanicled, an-
nual.— Perennial herbs, natives of the Levant, with the habit of
Sempervwum,
1 U. LIBANO'TICUS (D. C. prod. 3. p. 399.) leaves radical, ro-
sulate, cuneated, thickish, papillose ; scape naked ; panicle race-
mose, loose. 2/ . H. Native of Mount Libanon, and near Da-
mascus. Cotyledon Libanotica, Labill. syr. dec. 3. p. 3. t. 1.
Flowers yellow ?
Libanon Navel-wort. PL •§• foot.
2 U. SEMPERvivuM (D. C. 1. c.) leaves radical, rosulate,
crowded, cuneated, ciliately scabrous ; scape naked ; panicle
racemose, loose. 1£.H. Native of Eastern Caucasus, among
stones on the mountains. Cotyledon sempervivum, Bieb. casp.
p. 176. append, no. 46. ann. bot. 2. p. 444. fl. taur. 1. p. 351.
Perhaps sufficiently distinct from the preceding species.
Houseleek-like Navel-wort. PL |- foot.
3 U. PUBE'SCENS (Meyer in verz. pflanz. p. 150. under Coty-
ledon,') plant pubescent ; leaves linear-oblong, bluntish : radical
ones rosulate, cauline ones scattered, erectly spreading ; racemes
corymbose ; corolla twice the length of the calyx, with the seg-
ments of the limb acute and spreading at the apex ; stem herba-
ceous, simple. I/ . H. Native of Caucasus, among rocks in
shady places on the mountains of Talush, at the altitude of 1 200
to 2700 feet. Sedum pilosum, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 352. Flowers
reddish.
CKAssri.UT.l.. XVI. I'MIIIIU-I-S.
Navel wort. IM. 1 loot.
4 I SV'MIVS^V i'. I. e.1 rnilionl loaves narrow, spniulntr-
l.meeolale. long, Meshy : eimhne leaves sessile. linear;
' !.,,.,!-., le.ilv , llowern raeemose, pedu .-'.I.M. . u.ti.illv twin.
I/. II. Native,.! ilu- I .land of Samos, among high inked r...-ks.
.mil .•!' I'.il, -.(tin-. Sednm lal'.mou, -inn, I MI .pe, i ,,|\
ledon Sammm. DTrv. .-niiin. areh. p. 80. u... 40*. Flower*
M-H.'W '
Navel-wort. Pi. foot.
Si ., i. 11. MIICUONI v ^ meaning unknown tn usV I). C. prod.
.1!'!'. Cmdine leaves nli.-in.u.-. Animal lu-ihs, with the
h.ihii ,ii' .v.-i/um.
,'i I', m -.1 MM -. ( IV t'. pi, id. 3. p. 39!>.) items difltiso, erect,
imhi seem ; leaves s-.1al.ion-.. ohhmg, terete; racemes terminal.
le.iU, . l.'llu-.l \Mlh clammy villi. ».-\ II. Native .-I' S|-.un,
I'.nl'.n v, .IIM! TcnciiMc, on the mountains. Cotyledon Mnci.-.'m i.
On. num. I?;*, with « figure. Jaeq. coll.' A. l>. 11--'. i. l;t.
f. 8. Coiv. h-don viscosa, Viilil. symb. ft. p. 41. CotyltMon
Inspida, l,am. diet. a. p. 141, Po»f. nil. 1. |>. .M.V.i. Flowering
blanche-. oppose ilu- Mow ci.s. I'loweis white 01 dirty icddish.
llffitt N.IV el WOI I I'l \ U> ' foot.
«; I . M iMoipi svl>. C,prod..H. p. 100. ni.-ni. crass. pi. I. I', li.}
Mem . I'l.Mis ; K-.i\ . s ohlong. convex. ohtiise.
!-.l.d>l oils . Mow Cls few, :ll ill.' lOpS Of the SldllS. almost sessile.
i-\ II. Native of llu- ln:;lu-i I'MI-IU-I-S, p.inu-iil.uly <>n llu-
m M.li-. I'oiylMon M-ilio'ulos, l>.l'. i;i(>. 1SOS. |>.'?S. ll. tV.
Mippl. |i. Ml, Poir. Niippl. i!. J). 373. C ol\ li'.lon M-itilornns,
l.i|»-\i. I l.-il> MiKill. Mniplf, 01 liritlH'lu'd, nlniosl \\iihllio ;ii-
- >-i' v.'-i/wm nifiiiHm. Flowers Urge for the liie of
io ;iji-
of the
ir<i/>-/iA«- Nrtvol-wort. PI. -J foot.
SECT. HI. COTY'LK (I'rom KtirvXq, ro/y/f, * cavity ; in reference
to ilu> i-n|>-lik«i leaves). D.C. prod, 3. p. 400. ' UmbOIctii .'.
.null'. 1'Miili. Knots inlvums. Stems usually liraiu'lu-d. Kaili-
oal li-rtvrs IM-(IO|.U.-, .•nrull.iti-, more or lc»» i»olt»to. Corolla
linrtllv ''-i-K-O to ilu- uuililli-.
7 I'. riM'i >i\i •- kl> i'. j»i. j;rass. t. 146.) lower leave* pel-
l.ilr. i-.>u>-.i\>-. rrpaiullv rronatf.l, touiulisli ; IM.I.-I.MS .-uiiri- ;
is iubul.iv, |H'iululous, or spreading. )/ . H. Native of
I'm. -I'.-. .niUMi:; stoii.-s .uul ioi-ks. ,<u \\.ills .uul uuili-i- hfiliies ;
in Hnt.lii), oil nioisl ilii'ilig i.H'k-- .in.) old \\.dls. l'ot\li-doii
ruilulu'Us. I, Ml. SIH-.-. (.1... \.ll. .1. Sow. OUgl. llOt. t. ;•-'.'.
-. \-don uiuhilivata, l.aui. I'. ui|>.-sins, Salish. I'otylt-ilon
I inl>d'u-ns vi'n.-ns, lil.u-kw. lu-ih. t. -,'i;.v Koot lulu-ious. l-'lo^er-
IV.UMII; sti-ni hvaiu-lictl ; »itlt its hi.uu-lu-s ln-.n in;-. i.u\-nu-s.
FKiwi-is M-llow.
. />>, prltiHus (l>. C. prod. 3. p. 400.) raceme sinittl.-.
T^. II. C'ot\U-dou (>i-lt,\tuiu, \\Ymll. ol>s. p. 49. Hartlly uis-
lilll't llOIII till- S|H-l'll-s.
/V-.x^.."!^ or I'ouiiuon Navi-1-won. I'l. Jn.Jul. Urit. PI. I rt.
.s I. KKiiiTs vl). C. 11. tr. 4. i'. .'iS I. .\.II.MV.- of the
eoimliO lovM-i l.-.u.-s (H-U.iti-. deutati-ly cronati-d. i.nindisli ;
I'l.u-ti-.is ^i IniK- toothetl : llo«.-is .-u-ct. 'y.. 11. Native .'t'
I'.Uiilillid, on moivt \\.ills.-tud i.'.'k--. \MU i.u.\ |>;inu-ll!.uly in tllO
N\ ,-si Kidiiii1, of Voiksluvf ; and of P.Mius;.d. Povl.ut. i>i-ni|)t. ji.
> nil a tijiuii'. i'oixlrdou I'mhilK-us, l.iu. s|>rv-. t>13. Co-
tvU-don luu-.i. llnds. .uij;l. p. l:'l. Small, ciu-,1. h.'t. i
v'olyl.-dou l.usHanu'.-i, 1. am. du'l. '-. )>. 1 li1. l\.>.'i tK--! \. >:..[>-
M-llo». l.iijjoi than (hose of llu- In M >jn-i-ies.
JBreelNav,l-»oit. Fl. June. Jul. l'>m. PI. J tUit.
9 U. rxRvirLOkvs (D. C. prod. 3. p. 400.) lower leaves pe-
nolati-.i-iu-nll.Ui-. oihii-nlar, ratlier ie|iand : upjiev ones o\ ate :
Mowers Mih eani)xtnulate, in dense rwifiues. !(,. H. Native
of i'aiuh.i, on the sphaeeotie uunintiiins. Cotyledon ('avvitlora,
sihth. ei Smith, il. Kr«vc. t. 445. Desf. cor. Tourn. 75. t. 57.
C. Cieliea Inheiosa radiee More Int.-o jiarvo. 'I'ouru. eor. '.'.
l-'loweis yellow, mutiller than (hose off. />, iidnliniis. liaeemes
hranehed. eyliuilrieal, deiiM--Moweied. l.e.ixes lined \vnli led.
Swall-JtoH>ered Nnvel-uoit. PI. J, foot.
10 U. noKl»ONTAvi.is (V. C. jmnl. ;t. p. 400.) stem nearly
simple , lowei leaves peltate, eoneave, u-pandly ITenateil,
loiindish; hiaeleas enlne, lineal sel.ieeons, lon;;er lli.m (he
peilmiel.-s ; eoioll.i.u liisteieel. hut at length lieeoinin^ hori-
xontal, with nemmn.ited sei-jnents. )/ . 11. Native of Sieily
and Naples, aiming ^tolu•s and on walls. Cotyledon lion
I .Mis, (MISS m, |. ..em. hoil. pan. I S'.'ti. p. -I . Ten. ll. neap. app.
•"'• p- I.''. Movveis yellow. l>iMers from ( . fx'iithilinns in the
Mowers heini; nearly sessile, and hori/ontal, not drooping.
// •riiontol -How, -led Nnvcl-wort. PI.
Si, r. l\'. PisTOKlNlohn s ^plants intei mediate hetween I'islit-
riitin and t'nilnliftif). Koots p.-ienmal, thiek, woody. Leaves
teiete. sidnil'ite. Stems niuueions. ei eel, simple, listui.ir, densely
leafy, for the most part naked In-low, in e.-nse.pienee nl' the
leaves h.n nij,- fallen.
11 U. LIKVK'NII ; glnhrous ; stems herhneeous, erect, sim-
ple; leaves seattered, evowded, nearly terete, hlunlish : Moweis
eymose; limh of eoiolla erect. 1J..1I. Native of Altai.i, l>c-
tween the river Irlyach nm\ l.nk, \ -- nsan, in dry saltish
fields; in li.-lds on ilu- mountain of knrlelnnn, Arknul, niul at
the rivulet ealled rrmieh.nka. near Pinehlormiusk. I'olyledon
l.iev^uii. Led. fl. ross. alt. t. 57. fl. alt. '.'. 11. l!"7. Coivlla line
vr»l. ( '.u j*('!> .> i>
/ , •:'- Navel-wort. Fl. May. PI. j to ^ fo.n.
It U. SVBUI.A'TA ; plant ,piite smooth, glaueescent 5 leaves
all si-.uieied. teiete, snhnlale, aeuie, ereetlv spreadnii;; raeemes
eoi v mliii-,,- ; eoiolla twiee the length of the ealy\, with the seg-
ments of the limh aenle and ereet ; stem lierhaeeous, very-
simple. li 11. Native of Caneasus, amoni; stones, on the
mountains of Taluseh. at the altitude .>!' -.TtH' to 3300 feet.
I 'ot \K\lon snhnlata, Mever. m v e\ i. ptl.in.- p. l,'0. \ei\ neaily
allied to C. l.ifrfHti, but the loaves are acute and ereeily
spreading, and the eoiolla is white, twiee the length of the
ealv \, not roae-eolvMiied, and 4 times longer than the ealyx.
&M6N/<itr-leaved Navel-wort. PI. \ loot.
>ier. V. OKO'STACIIYS (from ipoc, Aoroi, the ends, and
vmxvc, stackys, n spike; the spike of Moweis terminate the
1*. C. prod. .S. p. HV. Oiosiaeh\s. I'iseh. ea(. gor.
1SOS. p. !':'. Hoots no; tnheioiis Stems simple. Leaves not
peltate nor enenllate ; radieal ones rosnlate. Corolla .• parted.
13 U. sKRaVrus ('D.C. I.e.) leaves oblong, cutilaginously
crt>n»tetl; stems subspicate ; pednneles -,' : (',,•» ,-ied ; 1001
li!>i\>ns. ^.f H. Native of Candia ^l>ill.'l and of Uaheia, on
old walls. Boss, append. H. gall. p. 358. — Dill. lion. elth. I. t.
95. f. lift. Cotyledon serratus, Lin. spec. p. 615. Smith, fl.
grs»e. t. 444. Flowers variegated with white and red. Halm of
fcw«*W-leaved Nsvel-wort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 173«. PI. .) ft.
14 U. ariNosus (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong, jx>inted by a spine
at the api-N. ,p.nte entire : radieal ones rosulate, spatnlaie. eon-
vex beneath towards the apex : cauline leaves lanceolate, tint ;
corolla twiee the length of (he ealv \ ; pednneles .ill l-Moweted ;
anthers of one colour; stems spicate, very simple, f. 11.
Native of Siberia, China, and Japan. Cotyledon spmosa. l.m.
spec. 615. St\ium spinosum, Thunb. fl. jap. ». 186. — Mmr.
eoniin. g^ott. 7. p. 33. t. 5. Crissula spinosa, Liu. main. S88<
(.<mel. sib. 4. t. 67. f. ft. Orostachys chlorantha, Fiseh. in mem.
sue. deser. n.it inose. '-'. p. -.Tl. Sedum. >Se. Amm. ruth.
p. 73. no. 95. Sennvrvivuni cnspidatnm. Haw. mise. !St;. syn.
p. 170. rev. p. t>8. — Gmel. fl. sib. 4. p. 173. no. 87. and 08. f. it.
CKASSULACK/K. XVf. UMIHI.K :.;H. XVII. K..m.vi:i,u. XVIII. Sri,, M.
113
Flower* yellow, 5-parted, on short pcdiccli, collected into a
cylindrical spike.
far. ft, /«////•./»;- //;/»•. 'Led. fl. alt. 2. p. 200.) spikes numerous,
rising from the axil* of the radical or cauline leave*, somewhat
fattigiate.
A//my Navel-wort. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1810. PI. 1 foot.
15 U. MAI.AUIOI-HY'U.UI (D. C. prod. 8. p. 400.) leaven lan-
ceolate, acutiitli, unarmed, quite entire ; radical one* rostilatc
before flowering ; mem spicate, simple. $ . H. Native of
Dahuria, among mountain rock*. Cotyledon malachophylla,
I'.ill. itin. .'!. apitend. t. O. f. 1. ed. gall. 8vo. 8. p. 312. t. 70.
f. 1. Orostachys malachophylla, Finch, cat. gor. Flower*
white, 5-parted, crowded into a define cylindrical npike.
Snft-leuved Navel-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1815. PI. \ ft.
1 '• U. TimiHm.oKUs (D. C. I. c.} leaven oblong, quite entire,
ending each in a noft npinc ; radical one* ronulate ; stem spicatc,
simple. $ . H. Native of the mountain* of Siberia, at Aga.
Si -ilniri riitvledoni* facie floribus carricin, Amm. ruth. p. 72.
no. (H. Orontacbyn thyrnifliira, Finch, cat. gor. Flower*
white and flesh-coloured (ex Fitch), //-parted. Allied to U.
Tkyne-JUiwered Navel-wort. PI. \ to * foot.
1 7 U. J.KUCA'NTHA ; leave* terminated by a spine ; radical
one* ronulate, spatulate, convex beneath toward* the apex : cau-
line ones teretely trigonal ; corolla thrice the length of the calyx :
peduncles all 1 -flowered; anther* discoloured. $ . 11. Native
of Altaia, in very ntcrile field* in the Soongarian desert, between
the mountains of Arkat and Kar-karaly ; and among stone* in
the tract of tin.' river Katunja. Root funiform, or a little
branched. Corolla white. Cotyledon leucantha, Led. fl. ro»*.
all. ill. t. 395. fl. all. 2. p. 108.
While -flowered Navel-wort. Fl. Aug. PI. 4 to J foot.
Cull, The hardy perennial species of this genus thrive well
on rock-work, or on old wall*; they will also grow freely in
pot*, in a soil composed of loam, peat, and sand, which should
lie placed Jimoiif/ oilier ;ilpine |il:int.H ; tin-He are propagated liy
offset* from the roots or by seed*. The seeds of annual and
tin imial kinds* should be sown on rock-work, or in the open
border, in a sandy or gravelly soil.
XVII. ECHEVE'RIA (thisgenu* i* named after M. Eche-
vcri, author of the fine drawing* of the Flora Mcxicana, com>
mcnced under the direction of MM. Sesse, Mocino, and Cer-
vantes). D. C. prod. 3. p. 401. mem. crass, p. 28. — Cotyledon
specie* of authors.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Pentatftfnia. Calyx 5-partcd ; sepal*
erect, rcferriblc to leaves, united at the very bane (f. 27. «.).
Petal* 5 (f. 27. 6.), alno united at the base, erect, thick,
stiflish, thickest at the middle nerve, and nearly trigonal at
the bane, acute. Stamenn 10 (f. 27. c.), shorter than the pctaln,
and adnate to them at the bane. . . ( „
Scale* 5, short, obtu»c. Carpel* ' ' '
5, ending each in a subulate style.
— Meshy shrubs, native* of Mex-
ico. Leave* alternate, cauline,
or ronulate, and nearly opposite,
nerveless. Flower* sessile, dis-
posed along the rachinor branches
of the cyme, scarlet or yellow.
* Slirubt. rionen panic led
or tjiiuate, icarlet.
1 E. ORAMDirouA (Haw. in
phil. mag. sept. 1828. p. 261.)
leaves orbicularly cmieated ; pe-
tiolcs thick ; flower* in »picate
VOL. in.
panicle*, tj . D. O. Native of Mexico, Sweet, fl. gard. 275-
Lower leave* rosulatc, all white or glaucou*. Corolla of a
reddish orange-colour, with a tinge of purple. Stamens white.
Great-leaved Echeveria. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1828. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
2 E. oiRBiru>RA (D. C. prod. 8. p. 401. mem. eras*, p. 20.
t. 5.) leave* flat, cuneiform, acutely mucronate, crowded at the
top* of the branches ; panicle spreading ; flowers on short
pedicel* along the branches of the panicle. Ij . D. O. Native
of Mexico. Moc. et SCSKC. fl. mex. icon. incd. Petal* gib-
bous at the bane, between the lobes of the calyx, straight, acute,
white at the bane, and rather scarlet at the apex.
Gibbout-fltjwered Echeveria. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1826. Sh.
1 to 2 feet.
8 E. COCCINKA (D. C. prod. 8. p. 401.) plant soft, pubescent ;
leaven spat u lately lanceolate; spikes of flowers axillary, elon-
gated, leafy. Fj . D. O. Native of Mexico. Cotyledon coc-
cfnea, Cav. icon. 2. p. 54. t. 170. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 832.
Sedum spicatum, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mcx. icon. incd. Corolla
scarlet on the outside, and yellow on the inside, or paler. Sta-
men* yellowish.
,S'car/e<-ilowcrcd Echeveria. Fl. Oct. Dec. Clt. 1810. Sh.
1 to 2 feet.
4 E. RACEMOIA (Hchlecht. ct Cham, in Linna-a 2. p. 554.)
plant quite glabrous ; radical leaves thickish, elliptic, acute,
awnles*, ronulate ; scapes simple, naked ; scales of scape alter-
nate, and bractcas scale-formed and caducous ; raceme* spike-
formed and elongated ; flowers alternate, erect, on short pe-
dicel*, it. I). G. Native of Mexico, on wall* at Jalapa.
Leaves an inch or 2 inches long. Flowers scarlet, and are in
every respect like those of E. coccinea, as well as every other
part of the plant ; but the sepal* are *horter and mucronate,
not acuminated, and the petal* arc narrower.
ttacemote-ttowered Kcheveria. PI. \ to l£ foot.
6 E. TF.KETIFOMA (D. C. prod. 1. c. mem. era**, p. 29. pi. 1.
f. 1 .) leave* terete, acute, scattered, almost loose at the bane ;
spikes secund, few-flowered, fj . D. G. Native of Mexico.
Sedum teretifolium, Moc. et Ses*c, fl. mcx. icon. incd. Very
nearly allied to E. coccinea.
Terete-leaved Echeveria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
6 E. LU'HIDA (Maw. in phil. mag. 1831. p. 410.) plant rather
tufted ; lower leave* lanceolate-cuneated, of a livid colour :
superior one* lanceolate ; flower* di*poncd in racemose spike*.
\l . I). G. Native of Mexico. Corolla as in E, grandifMia,
but more scarlet.
/,«/ "/-leaver! Kcheveria. Fl. Jul. Clt. 1830. PI. 1 I-.,-.
* * Plant rubber tiaceoui. FUmen tubcymote, yi-Mun.
7 E. • /I'.HiTiosA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 401.) leaves ronulate, nar-
row, tongue-formed, obcuneatcd at the apex, and rather mucro-
nate ; flowers cymose. 1£. D. G. Native of California.
Cotyledon caespitosa, Haw. misc. p. 180. Coty. linguiformi*,
Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 109. Sedum Cotyledon, Jacq. fil. eelog.
1. f. 17. Cotyl. reflfcxa, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 24. Flowers
yellow.
Tufted Echeveria. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1796. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. Fine glaucous, succulent plant*, which deserve to be
cultivated in every collection. Their culture, propagation, and
treatment arc the name as that recommended for Globidea, p. IOC.
XVIII. SE'DUM (from tedeo, to sit ; manner of growth, upon
stones, rock*, walls, and roofs of houses). D. C. m bull. phil.
no. 49. mem. crass, t. 1. f. 1. Sedum and Khodlola, Lin. spec.
— Sedum and Anacampseros, Tourn. Haw. — Anacampseros,
Adans. fam. 2. p. 248.
I/IN. *V»T. I)ec6ndria, Pentagynia, Calyx 5-parted(f. 29. a.);.
wpals ovate, usually turgid, leaf-formed. Petal* 5 (f. 29. b.),
Q
114
CRASSULACE^l. XVIII. SEDUM.
generally spreading. Stamens 10. Nectariferous scales entire, or
hardly emarginate. Carpels 5. — Herbs or subshrubs. Stems
usually branched from the base. Sterile stems or surculi usually
crowded with leaves. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, fleshy,
terete or flat, quite entire, rarely toothed. Flowers cymose, white,
purple, or blue, but usually yellow ; in some species the flowers
are 4 or 6-7-petalled, and the stamens always double that number.
* Leaves fiat. Florvers yellow.
1 S. RHODIOLA (D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 886. pi. grass,
t. 143.) leaves oblong, serrated at the apex, glabrous, glaucous ;
root rather tuberous ; stems simple ; flowers corymbose, usually
of 4 petals, octandrous, and dioecious from abortion. 7^. H.
Native of middle Europe, on the mountains ; of Siberia, and of
North America, on the Arctic Sea shore, and Islands ; of New-
foundland and Labrador ; and on the Rocky Mountains, Kot-
zebue's Sound, &c. ; in Britain, in the north of England, Scot-
land, and Wales, on the mountains. Rhodiola rosea, Lin. spec.
1465. Smith, engl. bot. t. 508. fl. dan. t. 183. Plant glaucous.
The flowers are yellow, and are said to be sometimes hermaphro-
dite, but are usually of different sexes on different plants. The
root is sweetish when dried ; in this state a fragrant water may
be distilled from it. The inhabitants of the Farro Island use it as
a remedy for scurvy. In Greenland they eat it as garden stuff.
A cataplasm of the fresh roots, applied to the forehead, is said
to relieve the head-ache, and to heal malignant ulcers. The
specific name is from poSov, a rose ; in reference to the fragrance
of the roots.
Rhodiola or Common Rose-root. Fl. May, July. Brit. PI.
\ to | foot.
2 S. ASIA'TICUM (D. C. prod. 3. p. 401.) leaves linear-lingu-
late, quite entire, obtuse ; umbels few-flowered ; calycine seg-
ments 4, oblong, obtuse ; flowers 4-petalled, hermaphrodite.
If. . H. Native of Gosainsthan, in Nipaul. Rhodiola Asiatica,
D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 213. Root fleshy ; caudex very thick,
3-4 inches long, turgid. Stems tufted, ascending. Leaves 1-2
lines long, glaucous. Flowers corymbose, octandrous, and te-
tragynous, of a golden yellow colour.
Asiatic Rose-root. PI. \ foot.
3 S. ELONGA'TUM (Led. fl. all. 2. p. 193.) leaves scattered,
oblong, almost quite entire, glabrous, hardly glaucescent ; root
rather tuberous ; stems simple ; flowers in cymose corymbs ;
pedicels hardly exceeding the flowers in length ; nectariferous
scales 3 times longer than broad; carpels recurved. T£. H.
Native of Altaia, in alpine humid places, on the edges of rivu-
lets. Plant glaucous. Flowers yellow ? hermaphrodite, but
sometimes dioecious or polygamous from abortion, as in S. Rho-
diola. Stamens 8 or 10.
Elongated Rose-root. Fl. May, July. PI. 1 foot.
4 S. ALTA'ICUM ; leaves scattered, obovate-lanceolate, ser-
rated at the apex, glabrous, glaucous ; root rather tuberous ;
stems simple ; flowers in cymose corymbs ; pedicels shorter than
the flowers ; nectariferous scales about as long as broad ; carpels
erect. I/ . H. Native of Altaia and Siberia. S. Rhodiola,
Led. fl. alt. 2. p. 194. Rhodiola Sibirica, Hortul. Flowers
yellow, octandrous, dioecious or polygamous.
Altaian Rose-root. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1827. PL | foot.
5 S, HIMALE'NSIS (D.Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 212.) stem erect;
leaves oval-lanceolate, flat, acute, toothed, glaucous, smooth ;
corymbs almost simple ; root thick. If.. H. Native of Go-
sainsthan, in the alpine regions of the Himalaya or Einodi.
Habit of S. Rhodiola. Flowers yellow.
Himalaya Stonecrop. PI. -j foot.
6 S. AIZO'ON (Lin. spec. 617.) leaves lanceolate, flat, serrated,
alternate, glabrous ; stems erect ; cymes terminal, crowded.
If. . H. Native of Siberia, in woods ; on shady rocks, at Lake
8
Teletzkoi. D. C. pi. grass, t. 101. — Amm. ruth. no. 96. t. 11.
Perhaps Anacampseros Aizoon, Haw. syn. p. 112.? Flowers
yellow, varying with from 4-6 petals and 8-12 stamens. Root
branched, fascicled, thickish.
Ever-living Stonecrop. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1757. PI. 1 ft.
7 S. HY'BRIDUM (Lin. spec. 617.) leaves cuneiform, rather con-
cave, bluntly serrated, rather crowded, alternate, glabrous ; those
of the branches crowded ; stems ascending, rooting at the base ;
cymes terminal. If. . H. Native of Altaia and Tartary, at the
bottom of the Ural mountains ; on the upper Irtish. Murr.
nov. comm. goett. 6. p. 35. t. 5. — Gmel. fl. sib. 4. p. 171.
no. 851. t. 62. f. 1. Anacampseros hybrida, Haw. I.e. Flowers
sulphur-coloured. This is not a hybrid, but a true species. S.
Altaica, Bess. enum. sem. crem. 1823.
Hybrid Stonecrop. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1766. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
8 S. SPATULIFOLIUM (Hook, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 227.) gla-
brous ; stem erect ; leaves obovate-spatulate, flattish, acute :
upper ones linear ; cyme terminal, leafy, trichotomous ; flowers
pedicellate, decandrous ; petals linear-spatulate, much longer
than the calyx. Tf.. H. Native of the north-west coast of
America ; common on dry rocky places of the Columbia river.
Flowers yellow, very like those of S. stenopetalum. Lower
parts of stems decumbent.
Spatulate-leaved Stonecrop. PI. ^ to J foot.
9 S. DOUGLA'SII (Hook, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 228.) stem erect,
proliferous above from recurved branches ; leaves linear-subu-
late, very acute, flat on the inside, and a little keeled on the
back, with dry membranous edges ; cymes dichotomous ; flowers
sessile, decandrous ; petals narrow-lanceolate, twice the length
of the calyx. Q. H. Native of North America ; common on
rocky places on the Columbia to the mountains. Flowers yel-
low, like those of S. stenopetalum.
Douglas's Stonecrop. PI. \ foot.
10 S. A'LGIDUM (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 418.) leaves scattered,
linear, quite entire, flat, glabrous ; root thick, of many necks ;
stems numerous, simple ; corymb terminal, simple ; pedicels
about equal in length to the flowers ; breadth of nectariferous
scales exceeding their length ; petals longer than the stamens.
"If. . H. Native of Altaia, on the higher alps, about the fountains
of the rivers Inja, Uba, and Sentelek, and on the mountains
Kokorga, at the sides of rivulets. Flowers at first yellow, but
fading to a dirty red. Allied to S. quadrijidum.
Algid Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. PI. j foot.
* * Leaves fiat. Florvers white.
11 S. INVOLUCRA'TUM (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 352.) leaves cunei-
form, crenated, opposite, pubescent, ciliated ; stems declinate,
hairy ; corymbs crowded, involucrated ; petals subulate. If. . H.
Native of Caucasus, among stones, at the foot of Mount Kais-
chaur. Flowers white, about the size of those of S. hybridum.
Involucrated Stonecrop, PI. 1 foot.
12 S. LATIFOLIUM (Bert, amocn. itin. p. 366.) leaves ovate,
cordate, very blunt, serrated, glabrous, usually opposite ; co-
rymbs cymose, on long peduncles ; stamens longer than the
corolla. If. . H. Native of Switzerland, on the mountains ;
Germany, Italy, France, &c.— Clus. hist. 2. p. 66. f. 1. S.
Telephium, var. maximum, Lin. spec. 616. S. maximum,
Hoffm. germ. 1. p. 156. Flowers greenish-white. Anacamp-
seros maxima, and probably A. albicans, Haw. syn. p. 111.
Broad-leaved Orpine. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1794. PI. 2 feet.
13 S. oBTUsirbnuM (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 150.) plant gla-
brous, green ; stems erect ; leaves orbicularly-obovate, obtuse,
nearly quite entire, with scabrous margins : lower ones oppo-
site ; rays of cyme elongated, spreading, and leafy ; flowers
nearly sessile ; petals acute, longer than the calyx. If. . H.
Native of Caucasus, on the Talusch mountains, towards Perim-
CRASSULACE.E. XVIII. SEDUM.
115
bal, at the height of 3000 feet. Flowers white. This species
differs from S. latifblium, Telephium, and S. Anactimpseros in
the inflorescence ; and from S. hybridum, involucratum, spurium,
stolontferum, and oppositifolium, in the erect stems and form of
the leaves.
Blunt-leaved Stonecrop. PI. 1 foot.
14 S. PECTINA'TUM (D. C. prod. 3. p. 403.) leaves lanceolate-
oblong, pectinately toothed ; flowers terminal, capitate, 4-cleft.
Tf.. H. Native country unknown. Anacampseros pectinata,
Haw. rev. p. 24. Petals greenish-white. Habit of Penthorum.
Pectinated-leaved Stonecrop. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1818.
PL £ foot.
15 S. LI'VIDUM (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 24.) stems ascending ;
leaves glaucous, oblong, somewhat attenuated at the base, gla-
brous, and somewhat crenated at the apex ; flowers cymose,
terminal. If. . H. Native country unknown. Anacampseros
livida, Haw. rev. p. 25. Flowers white.
Livid Stonecrop. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. | foot.
16 S. CRUCIA'TUM (Desf. cat. p. 162. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 389.)
leaves flattish, thick, convex beneath, 4 in a whorl ; stems
branched at the base, diffuse, ascending, pubescent at the apex ;
flowers subpanicled, on long pedicels ; petals acuminated, y. . H.
Native of Piedmont, in mountain valleys about Monregal. Balb.
misc. p. 23. t. 6. Reich, icon. 3. f. 438. Flowers white, almost
like those of S. Cepeea.
Cross-leaved Stonecrop. PI. |- foot.
17 S. MAOELLE'NSE (Ten. fl. neap. pr. p. 26.) stem erect, or
ascending, herbaceous ; leaves obovate-oblong, sessile ; flowers
racemose, scattered, pedunculate ; petals lanceolate, acute. % .
H. Native of Samnius, on many of the mountains, in shady
groves, and on mossy rocks, and at the roots of old trees ; of
Naples, in the groves of Magella. Racemes terminal, nodding
before expansion. Flowers dirty white.
Magella Stonecrop. PI. from § to 1 foot.
18 S. OPPOSITIFOLIUM (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1807.) leaves cu-
neately-spatulate, toothed above, opposite, puberulous on the
margins, rib, under side, as well as on the stems ; cymes sessile,
terminal, crowded; petals oblong, acute, y.. H. Native of
Caucasus. S. denticulatum, Donn, cat. ed. 8. Anacampseros
ciliaris, Haw. syn. 113. rev. p. 25. Flowers white. Stems
decumbent, rooting ; floriferous ones erect. Crassula crenata,
Desf. choix. cor. Tourn. t. 58. ann. mus. 11. t. 46.
Opposite-leaved Stonecrop. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. ? PI. dec.
19 S. LANCEOLAVTUM (Torrey. in ann. lye. new york. 2. p.
205.) leaves flat, rather alternate : lower ones crowded, oblong-
lanceolate, acutish, glabrous, with glandularly serrulated edges ;
stems branched, assurgent ; flowers in cymose corymbs ; petals
lanceolate, spreading, y. . H. Native of North America, near
the Rocky Mountains. Stem a little branched at the base,
creeping. Leaves about half an inch long. Flowers white,
decandrous. Petals 7.
Lanceolate-leaved Stonecrop. PI. cr.
20 S. TERNA'TUM (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 277.) leaves
flat, glabrous, quite entire ; lower leaves obovate, attenuated at
the base, S in a whorl, upper ones sessile, lanceolate, inordinate;
cymes trifid ; flowers sessile along the branches ; petals oblong,
acute. If.. H. Native of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Ca-
rolina, on rocks, and on the rocks about Niagara and Lake Erie,
common. Ker. bot. reg. t. 142. Sims, bot. mag. 1977. S.
portulacoides, Willd. enum. p. 484. S. deficiens, Donn, hort.
cant. S. octogonum, Hortul. Anacampseros ternata, Haw.
Flowers white.
Ternate-leaved Stonecrop. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1789. Pl.i ft.
21 S. popuLiFduuM (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 242.) leaves scattered,
flat, coarsely toothed, petiolate, glabrous : lower ones cordate :
upper ones ovate ; stems much branched, erect, shrubby : co-
rymbs rather panicled, terminal, many-flowered ; petals oblong-
lanceolate. 1? . H. Native of Siberia, on the mountains, in
many parts. D. C. pi. grass, t. 110. Curt. bot. mag. t. 211.
— Pall. itin. 3. p. 730. append, no. 89. t. O. f. 2. Flowers
white ; anthers purple. There is a variety of this plant with ovate
leaves and few flowers, and is perhaps referrible to S. Notarjdnni.
Poplar-leaved or Shrubby Stonecrop. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
1780. Shrub 1 foot.
22 S. NOTARJA'NNI (Ten. fl. neap. 1. p. 245. t. 40.) stems
ascending, suffruticose ; leaves petiolate, flat, ovate, bluntly and
sinuately toothed, glabrous ; flowers solitary or few, terminal ;
petals lanceolate. Jj . H. Native of Naples, near Funda,
among calcareous rocks. S. Notarjanni, Ten. cat. 1819. p. 43.
Very like S. populifol'mm, but differs in the stems being almost
herbaceous, in the leaves not being cordate, in the flowers being
nearly solitary, and in the anthers being yellow.
Notarjanni's Stonecrop. Shrub 1 foot.
23 S. STELLA' TUM (Lin. spec. 617.) leaves flat, roundish,
angularly toothed, tapering into the petioles, opposite, or alter-
nate, glabrous ; flowers axillary, sessile along the branches of
the cyme ; petals lanceolate. Q. H. Native of the Islands of
Corsica, Melos, and of Italy, and the south of Switzerland.
Smith, fl. graec. 446. Comm. hort. 7. t. 2. Col. phyt. 32.
1. 1 1. Petals white, tinged with red.
Starry-flowered Stonecrop. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1614. PI. | ft.
24 S. CEPJEA (Lin. spec. 617.) stem herbaceous, terete, pu-
bescent ; leaves flat, quite entire ; lower ones rather spatulate :
upper ones oblong or linear; flowers panicled ; petals ending in an
awned point. $ . H. Native of middle and south Europe, in
hedges and among bushes. Smith, fl. graec. 447. — Clus. hist. 2.
p. 68. with a figure. — Mor. hist. S. p. 473. sect. 12. t. 7. f. 37.
— S. paniculatum, Lam. — Anacampseros Cepae'a, Haw. Flowers
white.
Far. ft, galioides (D. C. prod. 3. p. 404.) upper leaves nearly
opposite : lower ones in whorls, spatulate. S. galioides, All.
pedem. no. 1742. t. 65. f. 3. S. verticillatum, Latour, but not
of Lin.
Var. y, alsinefblium (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oval, for the most
part alternate. S. alsinefolium, All. ped. no. 1740. t. 22. f. 2.
bad. Petals acuminated.
Cepcea or Purslane-leaved Stonecrop. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
1640. PI. £ to 1 foot.
25 S. SPATULA'TUM (Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 2. p. 108.
t. 104.) stem herbaceous, terete, pubescent; leaves flat, entire,
nearly all alternate, spatulate : upper ones cuneiform ; flowers
panicled ; petals ending each in an awn. £ . H. Native of
Hungary. S. Cepae'a, var. y, spatulatum D.C. prod. 3. p. 404.
Flowers white.
Spatulate-leaved Stonecrop. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1815. PI. J ft.
26 S. TETRAPHY'LLUM (Smith, fl. grsec. t. 448. prod. 1. p.
309.) plant pubescent ; leaves spatulate, quite entire, four in a
whorl ; stem branched at the base ; peduncles axillary, few-
flowered, the whole forming a terminal panicled raceme ; petals
ending in a long point. $ . H. Native of Greece. Ray. syn.
ext. 233. Petals white, with a red keel.
Four-leaved Stonecrop. PI. i foot.
27 S. ERIOCA'RPUM (Smith, fl. grsec. t. 449.) stem twisted, pu-
bescent above ; leaves smooth, alternate, oblong, obtuse ; stems
cymose ; flowers axillary, nearly sessile ; petals mucronated ;
calyx glabrous ; ovaries hairy. O- H. Native of Greece.
Flowers red.
Woolly -fruited Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PI. ^ to £ ft.
* * * Leaves flat. Flowers purple or red ; rarely blue.
28 S. CYANJI'UM (Rud. mem. petersb. 1811. p. 351. t. 2. f. 2.)
a 2
116
CRASSULACEjE. XVIII. SEDUM.
stems simple ; leaves flat, nearly linear, entire, sessile ; cymes
leafy. $ . H. Native of Eastern Siberia. Flowers blue.
.C/Me-flowered Stonecrop. PL 4 foot.
29 S. DELTOI'DEUM (Ten. cat. 1819. p. 43.) stems erect! sh ;
leaves alternate, flat, deltoidly-cuneiform, unequal, crenated,
and toothed ; cymes lateral. Q. H. Native of the kingdom
of Naples, on Monte Novo and Goat's Island. Flowers purple.
The rest unknown.
Deltoid-leaved Stonecrop. PL 4 foot.
30 S. SEMPERVI'VUM (Led. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 434.) leaves
spatulate-ovate, acute, flat, quite entire, pubescent : lower ones
collected into a circle : cauline ones half stem-clasping ; stems
simple ; corymb rather panicled ; petals lanceolate-subulate. If. .
H. Native of Iberia. S. sempervivoides, Fisch. mss. Bieb.suppl.
p. 313. Sims, bot. mag. t. 3474. Habit of a species of Sem-
pervivum. Flowers deep purple, showy, size of those of S.
spurium.
Houseleek-like Stonecrop. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1823. PL £ ft.
31 S. H^MATO'DES (Mill. diet. no. 15.) stems erect, fleshy;
leaves ovate, quite entire : upper ones stem-clasping ; corymbs
terminal. If. . H. Native of Louisiana. There are two va-
rieties of this plant, one with white and another with purple
flowers. Said to be allied to S, Telephium and S. Anacampseros.
Bloody Orpine. FL July, Sept. PL 1 to 2 feet.
32 S. ANACA'MPSEROS (Lin. spec. 616.) leaves cuneiform,
obtuse, quite entire, almost sessile, alternate, flat, glabrous ;
stems decumbent ; flowers corymbose. "H. . Native of Pro-
vence, Piedmont, Savoy, Switzerland, &c. on rocks among
the mountains. D. C. pi. grass, t. 33. Curt. bot. mag. t. 118.
— Lob. icon. 1. t. 390. f. 2. S. rotundifolium, Lam. diet. fl. fr.
3. p. 82. Anacampseros sempervirens, Haw. syn. p. 112.
Flowers purple.
Anacampseros or Evergreen Orpine. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
1596. PL trailing.
33 S. PU'LCHRUM (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 277.) stems
assurgent, glabrous ; leaves scattered, linear, obtuse ; cymes of
many spikes ; flowers sessile, of 4 petals and 8 stamens. If. . H.
Native of the mountains of Virginia, Carolina, and Georgia, on
the banks of the river Ohio. Flowers purple. Allied to S. re-
Jtexum, according to Pursh, but according to Nutt. to S. terndtum.
Fair Stonecrop. PL trailing.
34 S. DENTA'TUM (D. C. prod. 3. p. 403.) leaves alternate,
glabrous, cuneate-obovate ; upper ones pinnatifidly toothed
downwards, and more petiolate ; cyme sessile, terminal. li.H.
Native country unknown. Anac&mpseros dentata, Haw. rev. p.
26. Allied to S. spurium and S. opposilifolium. Perhaps the
same as S. dentatum, Donn, hort. cant. Flowers purple.
2oo</ierf-leaved Stonecrop. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1810. PL £ ft.
35 S. IBE'RICUM (Stev. in Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 312.) leaves
cuneiformly obovate, repandly crenated, petiolate, with scabrous
margins : cauline leaves opposite ; cymes leafy, dichotomous ;
flowers nearly sessile ; petals subulate. I/ . H. Native of the
north of Iberia, in subalpine places. Flowers reddish. Habit
of S. spurium.
Iberian Stonecrop. PL -j foot.
36 S. ROSEUM (Stev. mem. soc. nat. cur. mosq. 3. p. 263.)
leaves spatulately obovate, opposite, quite entire, fleshy, gla-
brous, imbricated at the tops of the surculi ; stems much
branched, loose, creeping ; cymes terminal ; petals lanceolate-
subulate. 2{.. H. Native of Eastern Caucasus, among stones.
Bieb. suppl. 314. Flowers almost like those of S. spurium, of
an elegant rose-colour.
./Jose-coloured-flowered Stonecrop. PL % to % foot.
37 S. SPU'RIUM (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 852.) leaves cuneiformly-
obovate, crenately toothed in front, pubescent beneath, some-
what ciliated ; cauline leaves opposite ; radical ones in fascicles
usually alternate ; corymbs terminal, compound ; petals lanceo-
late. %. H. Native of Caucasus, among rocks. Sims, bot.
mag. t. 2370. — Buxb. cent. 5. p. 33. t. 61. f. 2. Anacampseros
spuria, Haw. rev. p. 25. Flowers purple.
Spurious Stonecrop. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1816. PL \ foot.
38 S. EWE'RSII (Led. fl. alt. ill. t. 58. fl. alt. 2. p. 191.) leaves
opposite, obsoletely denticulated, adnate : inferior ones broad-
elliptic : superior ones sessile, cordate ; corymbs terminal, com-
pound ; petals lanceolate, acute, a little longer than the stamens.
11 . H. Native of Altaia, at the rivers Uba, Buchtorm, and
Kokoryo ; and at the Golden Lake Teletz-koe Osero. Flowers
purple. Stem rooting at the base.
Ewers' s Stonecrop. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1829. PL i foot.
39 S. TELEPHIOIDES (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 324.) leaves
ovate, flat, acutish at both ends, toothed ; corymb compound, in
fascicles. If. . H. Native of Virginia and Carolina, on rocks
among the mountains. Anacampseros telephioides, Haw. syn.
114. Flowers pale purple. Hardly distinct from S. Telephium
according to Nuttall.
Orpine-like Stone-crop. FL July, Sept. Clt. 1810. PL 1
to 2 feet.
40 S. TELE'PHIUM (Lin. spec. 616. a, /3, et •/,) leaves oblong
or oval, attenuated at the base, flat, toothed, glabrous ; stems
erect ; cymes corymbose, terminal ; stamens not exceeding the
corolla. 11 . H. Native of Europe, in exposed places ; in
Britain on the borders of fields, or in hedges or bushy places, on
a gravelly or chalky soil. Smith, eng. bot. 1319. Curt. lond. 3.
t. 25. 210. Oed. fl. dan. 686. Blackw. 191. There are several
varieties of this plant : — 1, leaves opposite (Anacampseros albida,
Haw. syn. p. 111.) — 2, leaves 3 in a whorl (Anacampseros tri-
phylla, Haw. syn. p. 111. Sedum triphyllum, Haw.) — 3, leaves
alternate ; flowers purple (D. C. pi. grass, t. 92. Anacampseros
purpurea, Haw. syn. p. 111. Fuschs, hist. 801. with a figure),
and white (Fuschs. hist. 1. c. t. 800. Anacampseros vulgaris,
Haw. syn. p. 111.) — 4, leaves oblong-lanceolate, sharply toothed
(Anacampseros arguta, Haw. Sedum argutum, Haw.) — 5, leaves
cuneately obovate, slightly 4-toothed towards the apex ; stems
decumbent (Anacampseros paucidens, Haw. rev. p. 24.). All
these are referrible to this species. A decoction of the leaves
in milk is a forcible diuretic. It has been given with success
in the cure of haemorrhoids.
Orpine. Fl. July, Sept. Britain. PL 2 to 3 feet.
41 S. VULGA'RE (Link. enum. pi. hort. berol. 1. p. 437.)
leaves nearly opposite, ovate-elliptic, obtuse, rounded at the
base, exactly sessile, bluntly and dentately serrated ; panicle sub-
corymbose ; stamens shorter than the corolla. If. . H. Native
of Siberia, on the mountains near Kolywan ; and also in sandy
woods about Barnaoul. S. Telephium a, Willd. spec. 2. p. 760.
S. Telephium, Patrin, fl. barn. mss. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 351. S.
Telephium, Besser. enum." pi. volh. p. 17. S. Telephium y
minus, Falk, topog. 2. no. 522. Anacampseros vulgaris, Haw.
succ. p. 112. Flowers whitish or purplish.
Common Orpine. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. ? PL 1 to 2 feet.
42 S. VERTICILLA'TUM (Lin. amcen. 2. p. 352. t. 4. f. 14. ex-
clusive of the synonyme of Ray,) stem erect ; leaves 4 in a whorl,
lanceolate, serrated ; racemes axillary, few-flowered, shorter
than the leaves. If. . H. Native of Kamtschatka. Leaves a
finger in length. Flowers small, purple ? or pink ? This species
is allied to S. Telephium according to Steven.
Whorled-leaved Orpine. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. ? PL 1 foot.
* * * * Leaves terete. Flowers white.
43 S. MORANE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 6. p. 44.) stems
branched, creeping at the base, ascending, glabrous ; leaves scat-
tered, loosened at the base, thick, fleshy, obtuse ; cymes secund ;
flowers nearly sessile ; petals 5, oblong-linear, bluntish. I/ . H.
I
CRASSULACE^E. XVIII. SEBUM.
117
Native of Mexico, near Real de Moran. The colour of the flowers
is unknown, but the plant is said to be very like S. A'nglicum,
and the flowers are therefore perhaps white.
Moran Stonecrop. PI. -jj foot.
44 S. A'NOLICOM (Huds. angl. p. 196.) stems ascending,
humble, branched at the base ; leaves crowded, alternate, short,
ovate, gibbous, loosened at the base, glabrous ; cyme branched,
few flowered ; flowers sessile along the branches ; petals acumi-
nately awned. 11. H. Native of Norway, Britain, west of
France, Portugal, on walls, roofs of houses, meadows, on ex-
posed stony hills, and among rocks. In England on the sandy
or rocky sea coast, as well as upon mountains ; in Scotland and
the north of England frequent. Smith, engl. bot. 171. S. ru-
bens, Oed. fl. dan. t. 82. Lightf. scot. 235. S. arenarium, Brot.
fl. lus. 2. p. 212. phyt. t. 1. f. 2. S. Guettardi, Vill. dauph. 3.
p. 678. in a note. S. atratum, Aubl. S. annuum, Gunn. but
not of Lin. Petals white, with a red keel.
Var. ft, microphyllum ; plant very small.
Var. y, Hibernicum ; plant large, rather downy.
English Stonecrop. Fl. June, Aug. Britain. PI. -^ foot.
45 S. OBLO'NGUM (Haw. rev. p. 29.) leaves ovate, paraboli-
cally-oblong, convex beneath, 4 lines long, rather distant ; scales
of germens brown. Tf.. H. Native of England. Petals white,
with a red keel. Very like S. dnglicum, but twice the size, the
leaves fewer, and more distant.
06/ong-leaved Stone-crop. Fl. June, Aug. Brit. PL -| ft.
46 S. ATRA'TUM (Lin. spec. 1673.) stem erect, branched at the
base ; leaves scattered, terete, obtuse, glabrous, loosened at the
base ; cymes corymbosely fastigiate ; petals ovate, hardly mu-
cronate ; carpels stellately spreading. Q. H. Native of the
Alps of Europe and the Pyrenees, among rocks. D. C. pi.
grass, t. 120. All. pedem. t. 65. f. 4. Jacq. aust. 1. fc 8. S.
haematodes, Scop. earn. 4. p. 323. but not of Mill. Petals small,
white. Plant red when old. Carpels dark red.
Var. j3 ; lower branches lying on the ground. Native of the
Alps. D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 391. exclusive of the sy-
nonymes.
Dark Stone-crop. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1795. PI. | foot.
47 S. GLAU'CUM (Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 2. p. 198. t.
181.) stem erectish, puberulous ; leaves nearly terete, glaucous,
alternate ; sterile branches crowded, erect ; cymes trifid, few-
flowered ; petals 6, mucronate. $ . H. Native of Hungary,
on sandy hills. Willd. enum. p. 486. S. Hungaricum, Poir.
S. Andersonii, G. Don in Loud. hort. brit. p. 184. According
to Willd. this species differs from S. sexfidum in the stem being
a little branched at the base, in the petals being 1 -nerved, not
finely 3-nerved. Flowers sometimes hexandrous.
Glaucous Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PL i ft.
48 S. SE'XFIDUM (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. no. 874.) stem erectish,
branched, when young rather procumbent ; leaves nearly terete-
scattered, spreading, glaucous, glabrous ; cymes somewhat pa-
nicled ; flowers sessile along the branches ; petals 6, acuminated.
O- H. Native of Caucasus, on rocks. Willd. enum. 487.
Flowers white ; anthers bay-coloured. The flowers contain also
1 2 stamens, and are allied to S, rubens. The petals are said to be
3-nerved, the lateral nerves very fine.
Six-cleft-flowered Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PL
| foot.
49 S. ANDEGAVE'NSE (D. C. prod. 3. p. 406.) stem erect,
simple at the base, trichotomous at the apex ; leaves ovate, ob-
tuse, erect, fleshy, glabrous : lower leaves opposite, the rest
alternate ; flowers pentandrous in the forks, and scattered and
sessile along the branches ; petals ovate, acutish. O- H. Na-
tive of Andegavany, on walls and on schistous rocks. S. atra-
tum, Bast. ess. fl. p. 167. exclusive of the synonyme. Crassula.
Andegavensis, D. C. suppl. fl. fr. p. 522. Truly distinct from
S. atratum, but perhaps only a pentandrous variety of S. dasy-
phyllum, and the flowers are probably white like it.
Andegavenny Stonecrop. PL -| foot.
50 S. DASYPHY'LLUM (Lin. spec, p, 618.) stems weak, decum-
bent; leaves ovate, nearly globose, fleshy, glabrous, opposite,
rarely alternate ; sterile branches rather imbricated ; cymes pu-
berulous, few-flowered, terminal ; petals bluntish. If.. H. Na-
tive of Europe, on walls and rocks. In England plentiful about
London, as at Hammersmith, Kew,Chelsea, &c. ; on walls at Mai-
ton, Yorkshire, and at Clifton near Bristol. Jacq. hort. vind. t.
153. D.C. pi. grass, t. !)3. Smith, engl. bot. t. 656. Curt. fl. lond.
3. t. 26. 147. S. glaucum, Lam. fl. fr. Flowers white, sometimes
composed of 6 petals? Perhaps S. reticulatum, Schrank. bot.
beob. in dennsk. baier. ges. 1815. is different from S. dasy-
phyllum. Plant glaucous.
Thick-leaved Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Brit. PL £ foot.
51 S. BREVIFOLIUM (D.C. rapp. voy. 1808. p. 79. suppl. no.
3615. a, mem. crass, t. 4. f. A.) stems fruticulose, glabrous,
twisted at the base ; leaves opposite, ovate, obtuse, short, thick ;
cymes quite glabrous, loose, terminal ; petals bluntish. I/ . H.
Native of the Pyrenees and of Corsica, among rocks in dry
pastures. S. sphae'ricum, Lapeyr. abr. 1813. p. 259. Sepals
of calyx thin, not as in S. dasyphyllum (to which species it is
nearly allied) thick.
Short-leaved Stonecrop. PL ^ foot.
52 S. CO'RSICUM (Duby, in D. C. syn. fl. fr. ed. 2.) stems
ascending, branched at the base, twisted ; leaves ovate, obtuse,
hispid ; sterile shoots crowded ; cymes terminal, few-flowered,
glabrous ; petals acutish. Tf. . H. Native of Corsica, where it
was detected by Ph. Thomas, on the walls of the city of Corte ;
and of Sardinia, at the town of Jessu. Flowers smaller than
those of S. dasyphyllum, appearing of a dirty pale purple in the
dried specimen ; but white in the recent state.
Corsican Stonecrop. PL -| foot.
53 S. HIRSU'TUM (All. ped. no. 1754. t. 65. f. 5.) floriferous
stems erect, nearly naked ; leaves remote, alternate, oblong-cy-
lindrical, obtuse, hairy ; sterile stems crowded ; cymes terminal,
few-flowered ; petals acuminately awned. $ . H. ex All. If. .
H. ex Pourr. Native of the Alps of Piedmont, Provence,
Cevennes, Pyrenees, and on the mountains of Leone and Cor-
sica, especially among schistous rocks. S. globiferum, Pourr.
act. tol. 3. p. 327. S. hispidum, Poir. diet. 4. p. 633. but not
of Desf. Petals white, downy, marked with a purple -line.
Hairy Stonecrop. PL ^ foot.
54 S. PILOSUM (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 352.) stems ascending,
leafy ; leaves oblong, obtuse, rather fleshy, hairy, alternate ;
radical ones in fascicles ; cymes terminal, corymbose ; petals lan-
ceolate, hardly twice the length of the sepals. I/ . H. Native
about the port of Caucasus, among rocks. Allied to S. hirsutum,
but differs in the leaves being flattish, in the sepals of the calyx
being twice the length, and in the duration being perennial, not
biennial.
Pilose Stonecrop. PL -j foot.
55 S. HISPA'NICUM (Lin. spec. 618.) stem erect, branched,
glabrous ; leaves scattered, terete, acutish, glaucous ; sterile
stems rosulate, crowded ; cymes branched ; flowers sessile, along
the branches of the cyme ; petals 6, acuminately awned. Tf. . H.
Native of Spain, Switzerland, and the south of Germany. Jacq.
aust. 5. t. 47 Dill.' hort. elth. 2. p. 332. S. aristatum, Tenore,
fl. neap. 1. p. 250. Petals white, with a dirty red keel. Carpels
glabrous. Very like S. glaucum and S. rubens, but the root is
perennial.
Spanish Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1732. PL | foot.
56 S. A'LBUM (Lin. spec. 619.) branches perennial, rooting,
when young rather puberulous ; leaves ovately club-shaped,
green, nearly terete, glabrous ; cymes branched, terminal, sub-
118
CRASSULACE^E. XVIII. SEDUM.
corymbose ; petals bluntish. I/ . H. Native of Europe, in dry
meadows, on walls and rocks. In England on walls and roofs,
not common ; at Kentish Town and Bromley, Middlesex ; on
rocks about Great Malvern, Worcestershire ; upon walls at Peter-
borough ; but rare in Scotland. Smith, engl. bot. t. 578. Curt.
lond. 1. t. 31. Oed. fl. dan. t. 66. All. ped. 1751. t. 65. f. 2.
S. album var. y turgidum, D. C. prod. 3. p. 406. Flowers cy-
mose, white.
White Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. •£ foot.
57 S. MICRA'NTHUM (Bast, in litt. D. C. suppl. fl. fr. S613.
Haw. in phil. mag. Sept. 1831, p. 415.) branches perennial, root-
ing, slightly puberulous ; leaves clavately oblong, green, nearly
terete, glabrous ; cymes branched, terminal, subcorymbose ;
petals bluntish. T(.. H. Native of France, in Andegaveny.
In England near Gloucester. S. turgidum, Bast. ess. p. 167.
S. album ft micranthum, D. C. prod. 3. p. 406. Very like S.
album, but is 2 or 3 times larger ; flowers more numerous, and
the petals narrower.
<S»naW-flowered Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Brit. PI. -J- ft.
58 S. GRA'CILE (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 151.) plant glabrous
and green; stems herbaceous, diffuse ; leaves subulate, bluntish,
loose at the base, those of the sterile branches imbricated ; rays
of cyme elongated, much spreading ; flowers decandrous, almost
sessile ; petals acuminated, longer than the calyx ; style rather
longer than the breadth of the acute capsule. 1£. H. Native
of Caucasus. Flowers white.
Var. a, minus (Meyer, 1. c.) flowers smaller. On Mount
Gutgora at the altitude of 3300 feet.
Var. ft, majus (Meyer, 1. c.) flowers almost twice the size of
those of var. a. On the Talusch Mountains, at the altitude of
1400 to 2700 feet.
Slender Stonecrop. PI. diffuse.
59 S. TERETIFOLIUM (Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 84. Haw. in phil. mag.
Sept. 1831, p. 415.) branches elongated, rooting, perennial, quite
glabrous ; leaves equally terete, rather elongated, a little depres-
sed, green, glabrous ; cymes branched, terminal, subcorymbose ;
petals bluntish. %. H. Native of Europe, on walls, rocks, and
in dry pastures. In England near Hereford. S. album, D. C.
prod. 3. p. 406. — Fuschs, hist. 35. with a figure. Oed. fl. dan. t.
66. D. C. pi. grass, t. 22. S. teretifolium a, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p.
84. Flowers white.
Terete -leaved Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Brit. PI. -| foot.
60 S. ATHO'UM (D. C. prod. 3. p. 407.) stems erect, a little
creeping at the base ; leaves semi-cylindrical, short, remote, and
are, as well as the stem, glabrous ; cyme terminal, somewhat
corymbose, many-flowered ; petals acute. I/ . H. Native on
the top of Mount Athos. S. turgidum, D. Urv. enum. p. 51.
exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers white, like those of S.
album, but the petals are acute and distinct,
Athos Stonecrop. PI. ^ foot.
***** Leaves terete. Flowers red or blue.
61 S. COZRU'LEUM (Vahl. FIG. 28.
symb. 2. p. 51.) stem flat on
the ground at the base, as-
cending ; leaves oblong, al-
ternate, obtuse, loosened at
the base ; cymes bifid, gla-
brous; petals 7, obtuse. O.
H. Native of Tunis, in the
fissures of rocks. Shaw. itin.
550. with a figure. Sims,
bot. mag. 2224. Ker. bot.
reg. 520. S. azureum, Desf.
fl. all. 1. p. 362. Flowers
not blue, but at first purplish, and'fading to blue (f. 28.).
J3/we-flowered Stonecrop. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 822. PI.
| foot.
62 S. HEPTAPE'TALUM (Poir. voy. barb. 2. p. 169. diet. 4. p.
630.) stems erect, branched at the apex ; leaves ovate-oblong,
scattered, depressedly gibbous ; cymes panicled ; petals 7, acu-
minated. O- H. Native of Barbary, Corsica, and Malta, on
rocks by the sea-side. D.C. fl. fr. 4. p. 392. Flowers purplish as
in S. coeruleum, fading to blue. S. heptap6talum, Horn. hort.
hafn. suppl. p. 138. said to be originally from the Russian em-
pire, is perhaps distinct from this species, but is not sufficiently
known.
Seven-petalled Stonecrop. PI. -^ foot.
63 S. BRACTEA'TUM (Viv. fl. lyb. 24. t. 8. f. S.) stems erect,
branched at the apex, beset with spreading hairs, as well as the
leaves ; leaves alternate, linear, thick, obtuse ; cymes trichoto-
mous ; flowers on short pedicels along the branches of the cyme ;
petals 5, elliptic, keeled. Q. H. Native of the Great Syrtus,
in Lybia on the sea shore. The colour of the flowers agrees
with that of S. coeruleum, but the habit is that of S. Hispdnicum.
Nectariferous scales emarginate.
Bracteated-fiovrered Stonecrop. PI. •£ foot.
64 S. viLi.6suM (Lin. spec. 620.) stem erect, almost simple,
beset with viscid hairs ; leaves semi-terete, rather remote, erect,
also beset with viscid pili ; cymes terminal, few-flowered ; petals
acutish. G- H. Native of Europe, in boggy places. In En-
gland in wet mountainous pastures, and the clefts of moist rocks ;
in the north of Westmoreland, Durham, and the north-west part
of Yorkshire, not unfrequent. More abundant in Scotland. —
Smith, engl. bot. t. 394. Oed. fl. dan. t. 24. D. C. pi. grass, t.
70. — Mor. hist. sect. 12. t. 8. f. 48.— Petiv. brit. t. 42. f. 7.
Flowers pale red.
Var. ft, pentandrum (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 524.) stamens 5
(especially those that are epipetalous are abortive) or 6 ; the 4
epipetalous ones of which having vanished.
Villous Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. -J to -5 ft.
65 S. RU'BENS (D. C. prod. 3. p. 405.) stem erect, branched ;
leaves oblong, obtuse, nearly terete, sessile, spreading, glabrous ;
cymes branched, pubescent ; flowers sessile, unilateral along the
branches of the cyme, pentandrous ; petals 5, acuminatelyawned.
Q. H. Native of south and middle Europe, in cultivated sandy
fields. Crassula rubens, Lin. syst. veg. p. 253. D. C. pi. grass.
t. 55. S. rubens ft pentandrum, D. C. prod. 3. p. 405. Flowers
pale red. Mature carpels puberulous. The epipetalous sta-
mens are all or for the most part abortive, and therefore the
flowers are pentandrous.
Reddening-flowered Stonecrop. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1769.
PI. £ to | foot.
66 S. PUBE'RULUM (D. C. mem. crass, p. S3.) stems erect,
branched, puberulous ; leaves scattered, terete, acutish, glabrous ;
cymes branched ; flowers sessile along the branches of the cyme ;
petals 6, acuminately awned. O- H. Native of Calabria. This
species comes very near S. pdllidum and S. rubens.
Puberulous Stonecrop. PI. £ foot.
67 S. PA'LLIDUM (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 353.) stem erect,
branched ; leaves oblong, obtuse, nearly terete, spreading, gla-
brous ; cymes branched, pubescent ; flowers sessile, unilateral
along the branches of the cyme, decandrous ; petals acuminately
awned. (•)• H. Native of Caucasus. Flowers pale red or
white. Mature carpels puberulous.
Pale Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI. ^ foot.
68 S. C^SPITOSUM (D. C. prod. 3. p. 405.) leaves ovate, tur-
gid, imbricated, glabrous ; stems nearly simple, glabrous ; flowers
lateral, sessile, solitary; carpels stellately spreading. Q. H.
Native of Spain, Provence, Tauria, in exposed places. Magn.
bot. p. 238. and 237. with a figure. Crassula Magnolii, D. C.
fl. fr. suppl. no. 3604. Tillse'a rubra, Gouan. hort. p. 77.
CRASSULACE.E. XVIII. SEDUM.
119
Tillae'a er£cta, Sauv. monsp. p. 129. Crassula verticillaris, Lin.
mant. 261. ? Crassula caespitosa, Cav. icon. t. 69. f. 2. Bieb. fl.
taur. 1. p. 257. Flowers pale red. The 5 fertile stamens alter-
nating with the petals, and the rudiments of the 5 sterile ones in
front of the petals.
Tufted Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1788. PI. £ foot.
Leaves terete. Flowers yellow.
69 S. auADRi'FiDUM (Pall. itin. 3. p. 730. append, no. 90. t.
P. f. 1.) leaves scattered, terete, bluntish ; root thick, of many
necks ; stems numerous, erect, simple ; corymbs terminal, few-
flowered, simple ; pedicels about equal in length ; length of nec-
tariferous scales exceeding the breadth ; flowers octandrous,
4-cleft ; stamens a little longer than the petals. 3£.H. Native
of Dahuria, the Ural Mountains, and Altaia, in humid stony
places, on the tops of the Alps. Pall. ed. gall, in 8vo. vol. 8.
p. Sll.t. 104. f. 4. S. quinquefidum andS. hexapetalum, Haw.
rev. p. 26. ? Flowers yellow.
Quadrifid-aovtered Stonecrop. Fl. July. Clt. 1800. PI. A ft.
70 S. A'CRE (Lin. spec. 619.) stems rather creeping at the
base ; branches erect ; leaves ovate, adnate, sessile, gibbous,
erectish, alternate, glabrous ; cymes trifid ; flowers sessile along
the branches of the cyme ; petals lanceolate, acuminated. 3£ . H.
Native of Europe, common on walls, roofs of houses, rocks, and
dry sandy ground ; plentiful in Britain. Bull. herb. t. 30. D. C.
pi. grass, t. 117. Smith, engl. bot. 839. Woodv. med. hot. t.
231. Curt. lond. 1. t. 32. Flowers yellow. The whole plant is
acrid, and chewed in the mouth has a hot biting taste ; whence,
and from its common place of growth, it has the name of wall-
pepper. Applied to the skin it blisters, and taken inwardly it
excites vomiting. In scorbutic cases and quartern agues, it is
an excellent medicine under proper management. For the for-
mer, a handful of the herb is directed to be boiled in eight pints
of beer till they are reduced to four, of which 3 or 4 ounces are
to be taken every morning. Milk has been found to answer this
purpose better than beer. Not only ulcers simply scorbutic,
but those of a scrofulous or even cancerous tendency, have
been cured by the use of this plant. It is likewise useful as an
external application, in destroying fungous flesh, and in promot-
ing a discharge in gangrenes and carbuncles.
Var.fi, diminutum (Haw. in phil. mag. 1831. p. 416.) much
smaller than the species, hardly an inch high ; stem creeping.
I/. H. Native of the higher Alps of Provence ; also on Swaf-
fan Heath, Norfolk. S. acre /3 graciale, D. C. prod. 3. p. 407.
S. glaciale, Clarion in D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 393.
Var. •/, elongation (Haw. 1. c.) pendulous branches 7 inches
high : erect ones 4 inches ; leaves loosely imbricating.
Acrid Stonecrop. Fl. June. Britain. PI. ^ to £ foot.
71 S. SEXANGULA'RE (Lin. spec. 620.) stems branched at the
base, floriferous ones erect ; leaves nearly terete, adnate-sessile,
usually by threes on the flowering stems, and 3 in a whorl on
sterile branches, imbricating in 6 spiral rows ; cymes trifid ; pe-
tals lanceolate, acuminated. 3£. H. Native of Europe, in dry
sandy ground, and on walls. In England, but not common ; as
near Northfleet, Sheerness, and on the Isle of Sheppy ; on Green-
wich Park wall on the south side, near the western corner ; on
the famous rotten walls of Old Sarum ; also of Cambridgeshire.
D. C. pi. grass, t. 118. Curt. lond. 4. t. 33. Smith, engl. bot.
1646. S. acre fl, Huds. Lam. fl. fr. S. spirale, Haw. in phil.
mag. 1824. no. 176. — Cam. epit. 856. with a figure. Flowers
yellow. Habit of S. acre.
Sixangled Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. £ foot.
72 S. BOLONIE'NSE (Lois. not. p. 71.) stem branched at the
base ; floriferous ones erect ; leaves nearly terete, obtuse,
loosened at the base, glabrous, imbricated on all sides ; cymes
FIG. 29.
trifid ; flowers sessile, along the branches ; petals acuminated.
%. H. Native of sandy woods, about Bologna. D. C. suppl.
523. Root creeping. Sepals cylindrical, obtuse. Branches of
cyme 6-10-flowered. S. schistosum, Lejeune, fl. spa. Flowers
yellow. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from S. sexangulare.
Bologna Stonecrop. PI. \ foot.
73 S. AMPLEXICAU'LE (D. C. rapp. voy. 2. p. 80. suppl. fl.
fr. p. 526. mem. eras. t. 7.) stems branched at the base, erect ;
leaves terete, subulate, glabrous, dilated at the base into a stem-
clasping membrane ; cymes bifid ; flowers remote, sessile along
the branches of the cyme ; petals 5-7, lanceolate, acute. I/. H.
Native of Spain, south of France, Italy, Candia, &c. in dry
mountain pastures. S. rostratum, Tenore, fl. neap. prod. p. 26.
S. tenuifolium, Sibth, prod. fl. graec. 1. p. 335. and Sieb. herb.
cret. Sempervivum anomalum, Lag. nov. spec. 17. Flowers yel-
low, almost like those of S. reflexum. Sepals subulate, acute.
Stem-clasping Stonecrop. PI. -| foot.
74 S. RUPF/STRE (Lin. spec. p.
618.) stems branched at the base,
floriferous ones erect ; leaves te-
rete-subulate, glaucous, loosened
at the base ; sterile stems cylin-
drical, densely imbricated; flow-
ers cymose, 5-7-petalled ; sepals
bluntish. V.H. Native of Eu-
rope, on walls and rocks. In
England on St. Vincent's rock,
Bristol ; on Chedder rocks, So-
mersetshire, and upon walls about
Darlington. Engl. bot. t. 170.
—Dill. elth. 2. f. 333. Reich,
icon. 3. f. 439. S. minus, Haw.
in phil. mag. 1825. p. 174.? S.
reflexum, D. C. pi. grass, t. 116. Flowers yellow (f. 29.).
Rock Stonecrop. Fl. July, Aug. England. PI. \ foot.
75 S. SEPTANGULA'RE (Haw. syn. 116. and in phil. mag.
p. 175.) glaucous; leaves imbricating in 7 rows, incurved,
spreading, middle-sized, acute. I/. H. Native of Europe.
Flowers yellow. S. rupestre /3, septangulare, D. C. prod. 3. p.
407. S. rupestre, D. C. pi. grass, t. 115. Very like S. cceru-
lescens, but is distinguished by the shorter and hardly subulate
leaves, and in being more branched, and the branches shorter.
Seven-angled Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1795. PI. i ft.
76 S. ALBE'SCENS (Haw. rev. succ. p. 28.) stems branched at
the base ; flowers erect ; leaves terete-subulate, glaucous, loos-
ened at the base ; sterile stems elongated, with spreading leaves ;
flowers cymose, 5-7-petalled ; sepals lanceolate. I/ . H. Native
of England and Denmark, on barren sandy hills and walls. In
England, especially on the sides of some rough hills near Mil-
denhall, Suffolk. S. glaucum, Smith, engl. fl. 2. p. 321. engl.
bot. 2471. but not of Waldst. et Kit. S. reflexum, fl. dan. t.
113. Flowers yellow.
Whitish-leaved Stonecrop. Fl. July, Aug. Brit. PI. £ foot.
77 S. FORSTERIA'NUM (Smith, comp. 71. engl. bot. 1802.)
stems branched at the base ; flowers erect ; leaves semicylin-
drical, bluntish, green tinged with red ; sterile stems short ;
leaves crowded, somewhat rosulate at the tops of the branches ;
flowers cymose, 5-7-petalled ; sepals obtuse. %. H. Native
of Wales, on rocks at the falls of Rhydoll, near the Devil's-
bridge, Cardiganshire ; on the rocks of Hisval, overhanging the
little valley of Nant-phrancon. S. Forsterii, Haw. syn. p. 117.
S. rupestre, D. C. pi. grass. 115.? Flowers yellow.
Forster's Stonecrop. Fl. July, Aug. Wales. PI. £ foot.
78 S. REFLE'XUM (Lin. spec. 618. Smith, fl. brit. p. 490.)
stems branched at the base ; floriferous ones erect ; leaves terete-
subulate, green, loosened at the base ; sterile shoots somewhat
120
CRASSULACE^:. XVIII. SEDUM.
cylindrical, spreading ; flowers cymose, 5-7-petalled ; sepals
bluntish. If. . H. Native of Europe, in fields and on walls ;
in Britain on walls and thatched roofs, abundant. Smith, engl.
bot. t. C95. — Park, theat. 1. t. 734. f. 1. Flowers yellow.
Far. ft, recurvatum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 408.) leaves glauces-
cent; sterile stems somewhat reflexed. S. recurvatum, Willd.
enum. suppl. 23. Perhaps a variety of S. albescens, according
to Haw.
Var. y, collinum (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glaucescent ; sterile stems
spreading. S. collinum, Willd. 1. c. p. 25. S. elegans, Lejeune
fl. spa. l.p. 205.?
Var. S, cristatum (D. C. 1. c.) sterile branches crestedly some-
what fasciculate ; leaves green, spreading. S. cristatum, Schrad.
hort. goett. t. 10. S. Portlandicum, Lob. icon. 380.
Reflexed-\esLved Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Brit. PI. | ft.
79 S. VI'RENS (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 110.) leaves scattered,
subulate, green, loosened at the base ; flowers cymose ; petals
lanceolate, much longer than the sepals. "!£. H. Native of
Portugal. S. reflexum, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 25. S. crassi-
caule, Link. enum. 1. p. 438. Flowers yellow. Very like S.
reflexum, and probably only a variety of it.
Green Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774. PL | foot.
80 S. VIRE'SCENS (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 25.) stems branched:
floriferous ones erect ; leaves terete-subulate, those of the sterile
branches spreading and glaucescent ; flowering stems spreading,
compressed; branches of cyme crowded, erect. 1£. H. Native
of Siberia. The leaves, according to Haw. in rev. p. 29. are green,
and the flowers nearly white ; but according to Willd. 1. c. the
leaves are glaucescent, and the flowers greenish-yellow, there-
fore two species are probably confounded under this name, and
perhaps both are only varieties of S. reflexum.
Grecnish-fiowered Stonecrop. Fl.Ju. Aug. Clt. 1815. PL |ft.
81 S. SUBCLAVA'TUM (Haw. in phil. mag. 1831. p. 414.)
leaves imbricated, rosulate at the tops of the branches, some-
what clavate, turgid, green, attenuated towards the apex, and
acute. If. H. Native of North America. Flowers not seen.
From habit this species appears to come nearest S. Forsterianum.
Subclavate-leaved. Stonecrop. Clt. 1830. PL | foot.
82 S. STENOPE'TALUM (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 324.) stems
assurgent, glabrous ; leaves scattered, crowded, adnate-sessile,
compressed, subulate, acute ; cymes terminal, trichotomous, and
dichotomous ; spikes recurved ; flowers sessile, decandrous ;
petals 5, linear, much longer than the calyx. If.. H. Native
of North America, on the banks of Clark's river, and the
Kooskoosky ; and frequent on the east side of the Rocky
Mountains. Flowers golden yellow. Said to be allied to S.
reflexum.
Narrom-peialled Stonecrop. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1826. PL | ft.
83 S. CCERULE'SCENS (Haw. in. phil. mag. 1825. p. 174.) leaves
long, spreading, subulate, acute, bluish-glaucous, flattish above.
If.. H. Native country unknown. Very like S. altissimum,
but not half the size, more bluish-glaucous ; leaves more distant,
petals more acute, pale yellow.
Blueish Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. | foot.
84 S. ALTI'SSIMUM (Poir. diet. 4. p. 634.) stem fruticulose,
branched at the base ; floriferous ones erect ; leaves nearly
terete, acute, glaucous, glabrous : superior ones scattered, flattish
above ; those of the sterile branches imbricated; cymes branched,
many-flowered ; flowers sessile along the branches of the cyme,
which are twisted at the apex ; petals 6-8, lanceolate, acute,
spreading. If.. H. Native of the south of Europe. D. C.
pi. grass, t. 116. Sempervivum sediforme, Jacq. hort. vind. t.
81. and var. monstrosa misc. 1. p. 133. t. 5. S. fruticulosum,
Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 206. S. rufescens, Tenore, fl. neap. t. 41.
S. Nicseense, All. ped. no. 1752. t. 90. f. 1. S. Jacquini, Haw.
in phil. mag. 1825. p. 174. S. rupestrea, Gouan. S. dioicum,
Donn, hort. cant. Flowers cream-coloured. Lobes of calyx
bluntish. A large, strong, glaucous plant.
Tallest Stonecrop. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1769. PI. 1 foot.
85 S. OCHROLEU'CUM (Smith, in Lin. trans. 10. p. 7.) stem
branched ; leaves glaucous, scattered, acute : lower ones terete :
upper ones elliptic, depressed ; cymes branched, many flowered ;
flowers sessile along the branches of the cyme ; calycine seg-
ments acutish ; petals oblong-spatulate. I/ . H. Native of the
south of Europe. S. altissimum /3, ochroleucum, D. C. prod. 3.
p. 408. Flowers pale yellow. Very like S. altissimum, but
rather larger.
Cream-coloured-flowered Stonecrop. Fl. July. Clt. 1818.
PI. 1 foot.
86 S. ANOPE'TALUM (D. C. rapp. 2. p. 80. suppl. fl. fr. p.
526. mem. crass, t. 8.) stems branched at the base, erect ; leaves
nearly terete, rather depressed, loosened at the base, glaucous,
mucronate ; those of the sterile branches imbricated ; cyme 4-
cleft, corymbose ; petals lanceolate, acuminated, erect. If. . H.
Native of the south of France, on calcareous rocks, and among
stones. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 428. S. Hispanicum, D. C. fl. fr.
no. 1326. but not of Lin. S. rupestre, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 678.
but not of Lin. S. anopetalum, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 435. exclu-
sive of the synonyme of Tenore. Flowers cream-coloured.
There is also a variety with orange-coloured flowers, according
to Haworth.
Uprvard-petalled Stonecrop. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. PL |ft.
87 S. URVI'LLEI (D. C. prod. 3. p. 408.) stems glabrous ;
erect, creeping, and branched at the base; leaves scattered,
nearly terete, obtuse, dilated, and stem-clasping at the base ;
cyme 2-3-cleft; flowers sessile along the branches ; petals acu-
minately awned. O- H. Native of the Island of Lazaretto. S.
pallidum, D'Urv. enum. p. 51. but not of Bieb. Flowers yellow.
Capsules pale, somewhat stellate.
D'Urville's Stonecrop. PI. \ foot.
88 S. VIRI'DULUM (Haw. in phil. mag. 1827. p. 183.) leaves
erectish, linear-subulate, green, somewhat mucronulate on one
side. I/ . H. Native country unknown. Very like S. vtrens,
and S. recurvatum, Willd. but the leaves are a little larger and
flatter, greener and blunter. It is less than S. anopetalum.
Small-green Stonecrop. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. PL | ft.
89 S. Lii6REUM (Guss. pi. rar. p. 185. t. 37. f. 2.) stem
erect, branched at the base ; branches ascending ; leaves spa-
tulate-cuneated, semiterete, obtuse, glabrous ; flowers sessile,
lateral, solitary. Q. H. Native of Calabria, among rubbish
by the sea-side. Flowers pale yellow, alternate. Petals a little
longer than the calyx, linear-lanceolate.
Sea-shore Stonecrop. PI. 2 inches high.
90 S. SAXA'TILE (Willd. spec. 2. p. 706.) stem erect, branched
from the base ; leaves scattered, rather remote, terete, obtuse,
loosened at the base ; cymes leafy, spreading ; flowers on short
pedicels, along the branches of the cyme ; petals oblong, mucro-
nate. O- H. Native of Europe, among rocks; in Norway,
Germany, Switzerland, Dauphiny, Denmark, Mount Cenis, &c.
D. C. pi. grass, t. 119. Smith, fl. graec. t. 450. S. aestivum
and saxatile, All. pedem. no. 1746. and 1749. t. 65. f. 6. S.
alpestre, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 684. S. rupestre, CEd. fl. dan. t. 59.
but not of Lin. S. QEderi, Roth. prod. fl. scand. ed. 2. no. 562.
S. annuum, Lin. spec. 620. exclusive of the character and sy-
nonymes. S. divaricatum, Lapeyr. abr. 260. but not of Ait.
S. schistosum, Lejeune, fl. spa. 1. p. 206. Herb 2-4 inches
long. Flowers yellow or pale yellow.
Rock Stonecrop. Fl, Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. PL | foot.
91 S. TENE'LLUM (Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 152.) plant glabrous,
glaucescent ; stems herbaceous, erectish ; leaves subulate, blunt-
ish, loose at the base ; those of the sterile branches imbricated ;
rays of cyme short, few-flowered, coarctate ; flowers decandrous,
CRASSULACE^E. XVIII. SEDUM.
121
rather shorter than the pedicels ; petals acute, longer than the
calyx ; capsule truncate at the apex, and apiculated by the short
styles. If. . H. Native of Caucasus, in stony places, at the alti-
tude of 3000 feet. Flowers orange-coloured.
Tender Stonecrop. PI. 1 foot.
92 S. REOPENS (Schleich. in D. C. fl. fr. suppl. 525.) stems
ascending, creeping, and branched at the base ; leaves scattered,
semiterete, obtuse ; cymes few-flowered ; petals ovate. If.. H.
Native of the higher Pyrenees. S. Guettardi, Vill. dauph. 3.
t. 45. exclusive of the synonymes. S. rubens, Haenk. sud. 114?
S. annuum, All. pedem. no. 1763.? S. Monregalense, Balb. ?
S. atratum /J, D. C. fl. fr. no. 3615. An intermediate plant be-
tween S. atratum and S. saxdtile. Petals pale yellow.
Creeping Stonecrop. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. PI. -| foot.
93 S. PUBE'SCENS (Vahl. symb. 2. p. 52.) stem erect, branched,
pubescent ; leaves alternate, elongated, obtuse, rather pilose
above; cymes trifid, many-flowered ; petals lanceolate. O. H.
ex Desf. fl. all. 1 . p. 360. Native of Tunis, in the fissures of
rocks. Petals yellow, pubescent on the outside.
Pubescent Stonecrop. PI. -y foot.
94 S. HISPIDUM (Desf. fl. ad. 1. p. 361. but not of Poir.)
stem erect, branched above, hispid ; leaves scattered, nearly
terete, depressed above, spreading ; branches of cyme filiform,
rather panicled ; flowers pedicellate; petals 5-6, lanceolate,
acute.— Native of the north of Africa, on Mount Atlas. S.
Atlanticum, Pers. ench. no. 35. S. filiforme, Poir. Flowers
golden yellow.
Hispid Stonecrop. PI. -j foot.
t Species not sufficiently knorvn.
* Shrubby species.
95 S. NU^DUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 112.) stem shrubby,
branched, erectish ; branches twisted, glabrous ; leaves scat-
tered, oblong-cylindrical, obtuse ; cymes terminal, and are as
well as the calyxes glabrous. J? . D. G. Native of Madeira.
Petals 5, yellow, lanceolate. Scales orange-coloured, thick, and
obtuse. Leaves almost like those of S. album.
Naked Stonecrop. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1777. Shrub j foot.
96 S. LAXIFLORUM (D. C. prod. 3. p. 409 ) stem shrubby,
branched, ascending, glabrous ; branches twisted ; leaves scat-
tered, ovate-cylindrical, thick, obtuse, glabrous ; cymes loose,
divaricate ; flowers pedicellate, beset with glandular pubescence.
fy . D. G. Native of Teneriffe. Petals small, apparently white.
Sepals broad.
Lax-jlorvered Stonecrop. Shrub 1 foot.
97 S. OXYPE'TALUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p.
45.) stem shrubby, glabrous, branched ; leaves alternate, flat,
quite entire, obovate-spatulate, rounded at the apex, and some-
what emarginate ; cymes terminal, somewhat dichotomous ;
flowers secund, sessile ; petals 5, linear, each ending in a narrow
acumen. T? . D. G. Native of Mexico, in gardens. Flowers
reddish.
Sharp-petalled Stonecrop. Shrub 5 feet.
98 S. DENDROIDEUM (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex
D. C. prod. 3. p. 409. mem. crass, t. 9.) stem shrubby, branched,
erect ; leaves scattered or opposite, obovate-cuneated, glabrous ;
those of the sterile branches rosulate ; thyrse panicled, much
divided ; flowers secund, sessile, bractless ; petals 5, lanceolate.
J; . D. G. Native of Mexico. Flowers yellow. Very like a
species of Sempervivum.
Tree-like Stonecrop. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
99 S. EBRACTEA%TUM (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex
D. C. prod. 3. p. 409. mem. crass, t. 6. f. ft.) stem shrubby,
fleshy, twisted at the base, creeping ; flowering stems erect ;
leaves scattered, glabrous, ovate, thick, obtuse : those of the
flowering stems spreading, those of the sterile stems imbricated ;
VOL. III.
thyrse panicled; flowers secund, sessile, bractless; petals 5,
lanceolate. I? . D. G. Native of Mexico. Flowers white.
Habit of a species of Sempervivum.
Bractless Stonecrop. Shrub -| foot.
* Herbaceous plants.
100 S. A'LTUM (Clark, in Spreng. neue. entd. 3. p. 161.) flo-
riferous stems erect ; leaves lanceolate, acute, quite entire ;
racemes subfastigiate ; pedicels short, secund ; petals 6, lan-
ceolate.— Native of Palestine. The rest unknown.
High Stonecrop. PI. 1 foot.
101 S. TORRE YI ; leaves roundish, flat, entire, scattered;
cymes terminal, trichotomous. If. . H. Native near the Rocky
Mountains. Sedum, nov. spec. Torrey. in amer. lye. new vork.
2. p. 205.
Torrey' s Stonecrop. PI. ?
102 S. LINEA'RE (Thunb. fl. jap. 187.) stem glabrous, a little
branched ; leaves terete, linear, opposite, stem-clasping, acute,
spreading ; cyme trifid. — Native of Japan. Flowers yellow.
Linear- leaved Stonecrop. PI. \ foot.
103 S. TENE'LLUM (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 315.) stems
branched at the very base ; floriferous ones erect ; leaves scat-
tered, oblong, obtuse, nearly terete, loosened at the base ; corvmb
simple, few-flowered ; petals 5, lanceolate-subulate, twice the
length of the calyx. O- H. Native of Caucasus, on the alps.
Flowers smaller than those of S. album, but the colour is un-
known.
<S7encfer-Stonecrop. PI. -| foot.
104 S. ARISTA'TUM (Vill. dauph. 4. p. 680. t. 45.) stems lying
on the ground at the base : floriferous ones erect ; leaves terete,
acute at both ends, loosened at the base ; those of the sterile
stems densely imbricated ; cymes few-flowered; petals 5, acu-
minately awned. 2/ . H. Native of Dauphiny, near Segoyer.
Petals white. Perhaps only a variety of S. anopetalum.
^nmerf-petalled Stonecrop. PI. ^ to •£• foot.
105 S. PRUINA'TUM (Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 209.) stem erect,
branched at the base, glabrous, glaucous, pruinose ; leaves fleshy,
oblong, convexly flattish, loosened at the base ; cymes bifid ;
sepals and petals 6, lanceolate, acuminated, spreading. Q. H.
Native of Portugal. Sempervivum pruinatum, Spreng. syst. 2.
p. 169. Colour of flowers unknown.
Frosted Stonecrop. PI. ^ foot.
106 S. CONFE'RTUM (Delil. fl. eg. ill. no. 451.) leaves subu-
late, scattered, crowded. — Native of Egypt, about Cairo. Sedum
no. 243, Forsk. fl. segyp. p. 71. The rest unknown.
Croivded-leaved Stonecrop. PI. ^ foot.
107 S. QOITE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 46.)
stems herbaceous, glabrous ; leaves alternate, flat above, con-
vex beneath, spatulately-lanceolate, acutish, quite entire ; ra-
cemes elongated ; flowers pedicellate ; petals 5, oblong, acu-
minated. If. . D. G. Native of South America, among rubbish,
near Guamcabamba, and on the walls of the town of Quito.
Flowers orange-coloured. Perhaps a species of Echeveria.
There is a variety of this plant having the leaves margined
with red.
Quito Stonecrop. PI. -j- foot.
108 S. BI'COLOR (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 45.) stem herba-
ceous, glabrous ; leaves alternate, flat, obovate-spatulate, acutish,
quite entire ; racemes terminal, flowers pedicellate ; petals 5,
oblong, acute. 7£. D. G. Native near Caraccas, in humid
places, and among rocks at Meneses, near Pasto. Petals yellow
inside, and red or orange-coloured outside. Perhaps the flowers
are truly racemose, and the plant is therefore probably a species
of Echeveria.
Trvo-coloured-QowereA Stonecrop. PI. \ foot.
109 S. BORYA'NUM (D. C. prod. 3. p. 410.) stems naked,
R
122
CRASSULACE^E. XVIII. SEDUM. XIX. SEMPERVIVUM.
erect ; flowers yellow, disposed in short recurved spikes ; leaves
linear, scale-formed, reflexed. — Native of Spain, on the rocks
called Borrequillos, in Sierra Nevada. Perhaps a species of
Sempervlvum, ex Bory. ann. gen. 3. (1820.) p. 14. The rest
unknown.
Bory's Stonecrop. PI. J foot.
110 S. MELANANTHE'RUM (D. C. prod. 3. p. 410.) stems weak;
leaves ovate, attenuated at the apex; flowers in corymbose
panicles. — Native of Spain, in Sierra Nevada, on the rocks of
Borrequillos. Flowers small, densely panicled, rather sweet
scented. Anthers black. The rest unknown.
Black-anthered Stonecrop. PI. i foot.
•f- Species only known by name.
1 S. stoloniferum (Gmel. itin. 3. t. 35. f. 2.).
2 S. lilidceum (Led. ex Steud. nom.).
3 S. procumbens (Schrank, bav. p. 726.).
4 S. Monregalense (Balb.).
N.B. Rhodlola biternata, Lour. coch. p. 627. is totally dif-
ferent from Rhodlola, Lin. and is perhaps a plant belonging to
Sapindaceae.
Cult. The greater part of the species being quite hardy, and
all succulent, they therefore succeed best on rock-work, for which
they are well adapted. Some of the rarer kinds may be grown
in small pots. They succeed best in light, sandy soil, or one com-
posed of loam and brick rubbish. All are readily increased
by cuttings. The seeds of the annual species only require to
be sown on rockwork. There are a few of the species marked
greenhouse ; these will require the same treatment as that re-
commended for the species of Globulea, see p. 106.
XIX. SEMPERVrVUM (from semper vivo, to live for ever;
the tenacity of life of the Houseleek tribe is well known). Lin.
gen. no. 612. Lam. ill. t. 413. D. C. in bull, philom. no. 49.
prod. 3. p. 411.
LIN. SYST. Dodecandria, Dodecagynia. Calyx 6-20-parted.
Petals 6-20, oblong, acute. Stamens double the number of the
petals. Scales at base of carpels toothed or jagged at the apex.
Carpels equal in number to the petals. — Herbs sometimes stem-
less, with young plants rising from the axils ; or caulescent,
without any young plants ; or shrubby and fleshy. Leaves
usually revolute. Branches of cymes sometimes disposed into
a corymb, and sometimes into a panicle. Petals yellow, white,
or purplish.
SECT. I. CHRONOBIUM (xpovoe, chronos, time, and fiwta, bioo, to
live ; plants living only for a time, and are not so tenacious of
life as those of the following section). D. C. pi. rar. gard. gen.
no. 21. Young plants, none from the axils. Flowers usually
yellow, rarely white. Species all natives of the Canary Islands.
* Shrubby species.
1 S. AIZOIDES (Lam. diet. 3. p. 290.) stem frutescent, erect,
branched ; leaves scattered, obovate, flat, quite entire, glabrous ;
flowers corymbose ; petals 5-8, spreading, fy . D. G. Native
of Madeira. Sedum aizoides, D. C. pi. grass, t. 4. Sedum
divaricatum, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 108. Perhaps
also Anacampseros divaricata, Haw. syn. p. 113.? Flowers
yellow.
Aizoon-like Houseleek. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. ? Shrub 1 ft.
2 S. TORTUOSUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 148.) stem
frutescent, erect, branched ; leaves obovate-spatulate, scattered,
rather convex beneath ; petals 7-8, spreading ; scales 2-lobed.
Tj . D. G. Native of the Canary Islands. Curt. bot. mag. t.
296. D. C. pi. grass, t. 156. Flowers yellow. Leaves 11-12
lines long and 4-5 lines broad.
8
FIG. 30.
Twisted Houseleek. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1779. Sh. | to £ ft.
3 S. viLLbsuM (Haw. syn. p. 166. rev. 65. but not of Ait.)
stem frutescent, erectish, twisted ; leaves obovate, crowded,
gibbous beneath, villous ; scales of flower fringed. 1? . D. G.
Native of the Canary Islands. Flowers yellow. Leaves 5
lines long and 3 lines broad. S. villosum, Ait. is referrible to
S. stellatum.
Villous Houseleek. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1777. Sh. £ to | ft.
4 S. CHIA^TUM (Willd. enum. 1. p. 508. mem. crass, t. 10.)
stem frutescent, glabrous ; leaves oblong-obovate, somewhat spa-
tulate, mucronate, cartilaginously ciliated ; thyrse panicled, having
the branches crowded, with flowers at the apex; petals 6-7.
T2 . D. G. Native of the Canary Islands. Coll. hort. rip.
append. 4. t. 7. Flowers pale yellow.
Ciliated-leaved Houseleek. Clt. 1815. Shrub 1 to 1£ feet.
5 S. GLANDULOSUM (Ait. 1. c. p. 148.) stem frutescent; leaves
orbicularly spatulate, with clammy margins ; glands globose ;
scales of flower wedge-shaped, truncate. Tj . D. G. Native
of Madeira. Flowers yellow. Glands fringed, yellow, ex Haw.
rev. p. 65.
Glandular Houseleek. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. 1777. Shrub
1 to 1 foot.
6 S. GLUTINOSUM (Ait. 1. C. p.
147.) stem frutescent; leaves
cuneiform, viscid, rather scat-
tered, fringed with adpressed,
cartilaginous ciliae ; petals 8-10.
Tj . D. G. Native of Madeira.
Jacq. hort. schcenbr. 4. t. 464.
Sims, bot. mag. t. 1963. Ker.
bot. reg. t. 278. Branches of
panicle loose. Flowers golden
yellow. The stem rises to the
height of 2 feet, and even more,
according to Prince de Salm-
Dyck. The fishermen of Ma-
deira rub their nets with the
fresh leaves of this species, by
which they are rendered as du-
rable as if tanned, provided they are steeped in some alkaline
liquor, (f. 30.)
Clammy Houseleek. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1777. Shrub 1 to
2 feet.
7 S. U'RBICUM (C. Smith, mss. Horn, suppl. p. 66. Haw. in
phil. mag. 1827. p. 125.) stem frutescent, erect, leafy at the
top ; leaves broad, cuneiform, glabrous, cartilaginously ciliated
on the margins, running into the petiole at the base, broad and
blunt at the apex, and ending in a small point, fy • D. G. Na-
tive of the Canary Islands, on the walls of towns and the roofs
of houses. Leaves green. Flowers yellow. Perhaps the same
as S. latifolium. Hoffm. verz. 2. p. 208. Haworth's plant is
probably the same as that of Hornemann.
City Houseleek. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1 816. Shrub 1 to 2 ft.
8 S. RETU'SUM (Haw. in phil. mag. 1827. p. 125.) stem fru-
tescent, simple, leafy at the apex ; leaves broadly cuneated, ex-
panded, smooth, ciliated, somewhat cuneated at the apex, trun-
cate and retuse. Tj . D. G. Native of Teneriffe, on walls and
the roofs of houses. Flowers yellow. Very like S. urbicum,
but differs in the form of the leaves.
Retuse-leaved. Houseleek. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. Sh.
1 to 2 feet.
9 S. ARsbREUM (Lin. spec. p. 664.) stem arborescent, smooth,
branched ; leaves cuneiform, glabrous, ciliated, spreading and
rosulate at the tops of the branches ; panicle loose ; petals 9-11.
Jj . D. G. Native of Portugal, Barbary, Candia, &c. Bradl.
succ. pi. 1. t. 31. Ker. bot. reg. 99. D. C. pi. grass, t. 125.
CRASSULACE^E. XIX. SEMPERVIVUM.
123
Smith, fl. graze. 473. Shrub from 3-6 feet. Flowers golden
yellow.
Var. ft, variegatum ; leaves margined with white or purple.
Tree Houseleek. Fl. Mar. Dec. Clt. 1640. Sh. 3 to 6 ft.
10 S. FRUTE'SCENS (Haw. phil. mag. 1827. p. 125.) stem
shrubby, simple ; leaves crowded in a rosulate manner at the
tops of the branches, spatulately cuneated, green, ciliated.
Tj . D. G. Native of Teneriffe. Flowers yellow. Very like
S. arbbreum, but the plant is not above half a foot high.
Frutescent Houseleek. Fl. Mar. Dec. Clt. 1824. PI. ^ to 1 ft.
11 S. TABUL.SF6RME (Haw. suppl. p. 69. rev. 63.) stem fru-
tescent, erect, simple ; leaves spatulate, flat, ciliated, atten-
uated at the base, crowded at the top of the stem, and form-
ing a rosulate flat disk, in consequence of the leaves being
so closely imbricated over each other. Tj . D. G. Native of
Madeira. Stems branching after the first time of flowering.
Petals 10-12, linear-lanceolate, very pale sulphur-coloured.
Glands minute, pedunculate.
Table-formed Houseleek. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 ft.
12 S. CANARIE'NSE (Lin. spec. p. 664.) stem short, frutes-
cent ; radical leaves expanded, rosulate, obovately-spatulate,
villous, large ; leaves scattered along the flowering stem, ovate ;
branches of panicle expanded ; flowers pedicellate ; petals 9-10.
Tj . D. G. Native of the Canary Islands. — Comm. hort. amst.
2. t. 95. D. C. pi. grass, t. 141. Petals white, linear.
Canary-Island Houseleek. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1699. Sh. l|ft.
13 S. SMI'THII (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1980.) stems frutescent,
erect, hispid; leaves scattered, obovate, acuminated, flat, con-
cave, a little spotted ; branches of panicle revolute at the points,
bearing sessile flowers on the upper side ; petals 12. J? . D. G.
Native of the Canary Islands. S. foliosum, C. Smith, hort.
berol. p. 38. Petals pale yellow, oval-oblong, spreading. Glands
wanting, ex Haw. rev. p. 63.
Smith's Houseleek. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1815. Shrub 1 ft.
14 S. BARBA'TUM (C. Smith, in hort. ber. p. 37.) stem frutes-
cent ; leaves ovate-spatulate, acute, with cartilaginously ciliated
margins, marked with brown lines on both surfaces ; flowers
panicled ; petals 6, Tj . D. G. Native of the Canary Islands.
S. lineolare, Haw. suppl. p. 69. rev. p. 65. S. spatulatum,
Horn, suppl. p. 60. Flowers yellow.
Var. /3, hybridum (Salm-Dyck. and Haw.) all parts of plant
larger.
Bearded Houseleek. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1815. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
15 S. C^ESPITOSUM (C. Smith, in hort. berol. p. 38.) stem fru-
tescent, very short, at length a little branched, leafy at the apex ;
leaves oblong-linear, glabrous, stiffly ciliated, marked with brown
lines on both surfaces, crowded in a rosulate manner, but the
cauline ones are scattered ; flowers in cymose corymbs, with
the branchlets dichotomous ; petals 7-8, spreading. f? . D. G.
Native of the Grand Canary Island, on rocks on the highest
mountains. D. C. rapp. jard. bot. 1822. no. 13. S. ciliare,
Sims, bot. mag. t. 1978. but not of Willd. S. ciliare, Haw.
rev. p. 64. S. Simsii, Sweet, hort. suburb, p. 230. S. barba-
tum, Horn, suppl. p. 61. but not of Smith. Flowers yellow.
This plant survived 18 months in paper in the herbarium of C.
Smith, and afterwards when put into the earth grew.
Tufted Houseleek. Fl. Apr. Sept. Clt. 1815. Sh. § foot.
* Herbaceous plants.
16 S. DODRANTAVLE (Willd. enum. p. 508.) stem herbaceous,
erect, glabrous ; leaves flat, glabrous, quite entire ; radical ones
obovate, attenuated at the base, disposed in a spreading rosulate
manner : cauline ones erect, oval, sessile, obtuse at both ends ;
cymes corymbose ; petals 20. $ . D. G. Native of the Ca-
naries. D. C. mem. crass, t. 11. Pedicels puberulous. Co-
rymbs few-flowered. Petals linear ; pale when dried.
Nine-inch Houseleek. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1815. PI. $ ft.
17 S. AU'REUM (C. Smith, in hort. berol. p. 37.) stem herba-
ceous, erect, glabrous ; leaves obovate-spatulate, with membrana-
ceously cartilaginous, quite entire margins, glaucous; branches of
panicle dichotomous, many-flowered ; petals 20. $ . or Pj . D.
G. Native of Teneriffe, on the mountains. S. calyciforme, Haw.
suppl. p. 69. Ker. bot. reg. t. 892. Flowers yellow. Petals
linear, and are as well as stamens 20, and the pistils are nu-
merous, according to C. Smith. Perhaps the same as S. do-
drantale, Willd.
Golden Houseleek. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1815. PI. 1 foot.
18 S. FUNCTA'TUM (C. Smith, in Bach. can. p. 155.) stem
herbaceous, erect, branched ; leaves scattered, obovate, petio-
late, flat, glabrous, crenated on the margin at the top, dotted in
the recesses of the crense ; panicle loose ; pedicels puberulous ;
petals 6-9. ©• £ • D. G. Native of the Canary Islands.
D. C. mem. crass, t. 12. Petals oval, acute, yellow.
Dotted-\eaved Houseleek. PI. 1 foot.
19 S. STELLA'TUM (Smith, in Lin. soc. trans. 1. p. 251.) stem
herbaceous, erect, branched, puberulous ; leaves scattered, ob-
long, spatulately cuneiform, obtuse, villous ; flowers panicled ;
petals 6-8, spreading ; scales palmate, with subulate lobes.
O- D. G. Native of Madeira. S. vi!16sum, Ait. hort. kew.
ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 148. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1809. Flowers golden
yellow. Herb 6-8 inches high.
Stellate Houseleek. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1790. PI. | foot.
20 S. DicH6ioMUM (D. C. jard. gen. t. 21.) stem herbaceous,
terete, erect, dichotomous, beset with soft spreading hairs ; leaves
obovately spatulate, tapering into the petiole, dotted with soft
villi ; flowers in loose corymbs ; petals 8-9, spreading ; scales of
flower 2-lobed, small. $ . D. G. Native of the Canary Is-
lands, among rocks. S. laxum, Haw. rev. 65. Nearly allied to
S. hirtum, ex Buch. cat. Flowers yellow. This plant is nearly
allied to S. torluosum, but differs in being herbaceous.
Dichotomous Houseleek. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1815. PI. £ ft.
21 S. PYGM^UM (C. Smith, in Buch. can. p. 155.) stemdecli-
nate, few-leaved, 1 -flowered ; leaves spatulate, attenuated at
the base, retuse, hairy ; calyx villous ; petals awned. — Native of
the Island of Lancerotta. Flowers small, yellow. Plant hardly
an inch high. The rest unknown.
Pygmy Houseleek. PI. 1 inch.
SECT. II. JOVIBA'RBA (Jupiter, Jovis, Jupiter, and barba, a
beard ; Jupiter's beard ; application not evident). D. C. pi. rar.
gen. no. 21. obs. prod. 3. p. 413. Young plants rising from the
axils of the lower leaves. Flowers purplish or pale yellow. —
European species.
* Flowers yellowish.
22 S. HI'RTCM (Lin. spec. p. 605.) leaves somewhat ciliated ;
young plants globose ; petals 6, erect, fringed. I/ . H. Native
of Thuringia and Carinthia, on walls ; and in woods about Mos-
cow. D. C. pi. grass, t. 107. S. soboliferum, Sims, bot. mag.
t. 1457. S. globiferum, Hoppe, cent. Haw. rev. p. 67. Jacq.
aust. 5. p. 50. append, t. 40. Leaves of the flowering,
stems lanceolate, imbricate, loose, disposed in 3 spiral series.
Offsets falling off of themselves. Petals pale cream-coloured,
twice the length of the calyx.
Hairy House-leek. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804. PI. £ foot.
23 S. GLOBI'FERUM (Lin. 1. c.) leaves ciliated ; offsets rather
contracted; petals 15-20, spreading, very long. ^.H. Native
of Vallais, on rocks ; and probably of Austria. Curt. bot. mag.
t. 507. Schrad. icon. 95. t. 26. S. grandiflorum, Haw. rev. 66.
Petals yellowish, 3 times longer than the calyx.
Var. (3 ; offsets rather loose ; petals 12. 3/.H. Sims, bot.
mag. 2115. More villous and pale than the species.
R2
124
CRASSULACE^E. XIX. SEMPERVIVUM.
Globe-bearing or Hen and Chicken House-leek. Fl. Ju. Jul.
Clt. 1731. PI. i to 1 foot.
* * Flowers purplish.
24 S. TECTORUM (Lin. spec. p. 664.) leaves ciliated ; offsets
spreading ; petals 5-9, spreading ; scales of flowers cuneiform,
carunculate. I/ . H. Native of Europe, on rocks and roofs of
houses ; also in many parts of Britain, on walls and cottage
roofs, but perhaps not properly indigenous. D. C. pi. grass, t.
104. Smith, engl. hot. 1320. Curt. lond. 3. t. 29. Oed. fl. dan.
601. Blackw. t. 366. Sedum tectorum, Scop. earn. ed. 2. no.
529. Flowers purplish. Stamens sometimes changed into car-
pels according to Pet. Thouars, in bull. phil. nov. 1807. The
juice of the common house-leek either applied by itself, or mixed
with cream, gives present relief in burns, and other external in-
flammations ; it is also said to cure corns. With honey it is a
useful application in the thrush. Boerhaave found 10 ounces of
the juice beneficial in dysenteries, and others have found it use-
ful in gonorrhceas ; but it is not admitted into modern practice.
The house-leek had several names formerly, as sengreen and
aygreen, both translations of Sempervivum. It has also been
called Jupiter's eye, bullock's eye, and Jupiter's beard. In Ger-
man it is called hausnurz ; in French la grande joubarbe, and in
Italian sempervivo maggiore.
Roof or Common House-leek. Fl. June, Sept. Britain.
PI. 1 foot.
25 S. FLAGELLIFORME (Fisch. in Link, enum. 2. p. 20.) leaves
ovate, mucronate, papillose, with papillously ciliated margins ;
offsets spreading, lateral ; branches of cyme bifid. I/. . H. Na-
tive of Siberia. Allied to S. montanum, but differs in being
larger, and in the offsets being at the ends of long flagellse. The
leaves of the offsets terminate in a stiff brown point ; cauline
leaves narrower. Corolla reddish.
Flagelliform Houseleek. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI.
i to | foot.
26 S. MONTA'NUM (Lin. spec. p. 665.) leaves of the offsets
obovate-oblong, shortly acuminated, beset with glandular pubes-
cence on both surfaces, obsoletely ciliated, entire, pubes-
cent; offsets rather contracted; flowers rotate; petals 10-14,
lanceolate, acuminated, spreading, 3 times longer than the calyx,
scales of flowers small, nearly quite entire; style discoloured at
the apex. I/ . H. Native of the Pyrenees and the Alps of Eu-
rope, &c. on rocks. D. C. pi. grass, t. 105. Jacq. fl. aust. 5.
append, t. 41. Flowers deep red. This species differs from S,
tectorum in the smaller stature, and in the nectariferous scales
being almost wanting ; and from S. arachnoideum in the absence
of the cobwebbed wool. Scales of flower square and retuse.
Mountain House-leek. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1 752. PI. ^ to f ft.
27 S. FU'NKII (Braun, in bot. zeit. Jan. 1832. p. 4. t. 1.)
leaves of the offsets oblong, shortly acuminated, beset with glan-
dular pubescence on both surfaces, with ciliated margins ; flowers
rotate ; petals lanceolate, acuminated, about 3 times longer than
the calyx ; germens dilated, ovate; style discoloured at the apex.
Tf.. H. Native of the Alps of Europe, as in Switzerland, Pied-
mont, &c.
Funk's House-leek. Fl. June, July. Clt.? PI. | foot.
28 S. ARACHNOIDEUM (Lin. spec. 665.) leaves covered with
interwoven cobwebbed hairs or wool ; offsets globose ; petals
8-9, spreading ; scales of flower truncately emarginate. 1f..H.
Native of the Alps of Europe and the Pyrenees, &c. among
rocks. D.C. pi. grass, t. 106. Curt. bot. mag. t. 68. Jacq.
austr. 5. append, t. 42. Flowers purple.
Cobwebbed House-leek. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1699. PI. £ ft.
29 S. PU^MILUM (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 381.) leaves lanceolate,
ucute, ciliated by long hairs ; offsets globose; stem few-flowered ;
petals 12, hairy. I/ . H. Native of Caucasus, at the torrent of
Terek, on rocks. Flowers red. Very like S. arachnoideum, but
differs in the hairs on the leaves being distinct, not cobwebbed.
Dwarf House-leek. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI. f foot.
30 S. TENUIFOLIUM (Smith, fl. graec. prod. 1. p. 335. fl. graec.
t. 474.) leaves subulate : lower ones dilated at the base, and
sheathing ; cauline ones adnate, sessile, prolonged at the base ;
flowers with 7-10 styles; offsets cylindrical. T(.. H. Native
of Calabria, on arid hills. Sedum rostratum, Ten. fl. nap. prim,
p. 26. Sedum amplexicaule, D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 526. Sedum
carinatum, Link. Sempervivum anomalum, Lag. ex Spreng.
Petals yellow. More the habit of a Sedum than a Sempervivum,
and has much the habit of Sedum rupestre.
Fine-leaved House-leek. PI. £ foot.
SECT. III. MONA'NTHES (from p>coc, monos, one, and av-?oc,
anthos, a flower ; flowers one on each peduncle). Haw. rev. succ.
p. 68. D.C. prod. 3. p. 414. Real offsets none. Leaves clavate,
crowded in a somewhat rosulate manner. Flowers purple.
Glands large, orbicularly cochleate, serrulated when examined
through a lens, one-half shorter than the petals, but 4 times
broader, and rufous. Haw. — A very small nearly stemless
herb.
31 S. MONA'NTHES (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 149.)
leaves terete, clavated, glabrous, crowded in a rosulate manner ;
peduncles naked, generally 1-flowered, rarely few-flowered ;
petals 6-9, hardly longer than the calyx ; scales of flower obcor-
date. I/ . D. G. Native of the Canary Islands. Curt. bot.
mag. t. 93. D. C. pi. grass, t. 157. Monanthes polyphylla,
Haw. rev. p. 68. Flowers small, purplish. Plant tufted.
One-flowered House-leek. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1777. PI. 1
or 2 inches.
•)• Species hardly known.
32 S. AFRICA'NUM (Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 7.) margins of leaves
serrately toothed ; offsets spreading. 1£. D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Haw. syn. p. 367. This species has
never been seen except by Miller ; it is therefore doubtful.
Sprengel says it is the same as S. arboreum.
African House-leek. Clt. 1 768. Shrub.
33 S. ? SEGUIE'RI (D.C. prod. 3. p. 414.) stem herbaceous,
erect ; leaves opposite, obovate. — Native on Mount Baldo.
Sedum pertrae'um, &c. Scarella in Seg. ver. 2. p. 360. t. 17. S.
stellatum, Poll. fl. ver. 2. p. 114. exclusive of the synonyme of
Smith. It is probably a variety of Sedum dasyphyllum, but the
flowers are said to be yellow. The plant is therefore very
doubtful.
Seguier's House-leek. PI. ^ foot ?
34 S. ? HISPA'NICUM (Willd. enum. p. 508.) leaves subulate,
semi-terete, ciliated, imbricated ; cymes bifid, y.. H. Native
of Spain. The rest unknown. Perhaps a species of Sedum.
Spanish House-leek. PI. A to ^ foot.
35 S. CLAVICULA'TUM, Sieb. } These two species are only
36 S. MUTA'BILE, Schlecht. ) known by name.
Cult. The greenhouse kinds of house-leek are chiefly natives
of the Canary Islands. A mixture of sand, loam, and brick-rub-
bish is a good soil for them ; and care must be taken not to give
them too much water when not in flower. Cuttings taken off the
plants, and laid to dry a few days, will strike root freely without
any covering of glass. Cuttings of some species are difficult to
obtain, such as of S. tabuliforme, &c. ; the best way in such cases
is to cut the top out, and lateral shoots will be immediately
produced. The hardy kinds are well fitted for rock-work, or
to grow on walls ; and they are easily increased by the offsets,
which are issued in great abundance. A light soil suits them
best.
Tribe II.
CRASSULA'CE/£ ANO'MAL^E (the plants contained in this
CRASSULACE-E. XX. DIAMORPHA. XXI. PENTHORUM. FICOIDE^E. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM. 125
tribe are anomalous in the order, in consequence of the carpels
being united into a many-celled capsule, and dehiscing on the
outside). D.C. prod. 3. p. 414. Carpels united at the base into
a many-celled capsule.
XX. DIAMO'RPHA (from SiapopQou, diamorphoo, to de-
form ; in reference to the fruit, which is formed differently and
contrary to the rest of the order). Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 293.
D. C. prod. 3. p. 414.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Tetragyma. Calyx 4-lobed. Petals 4.
Stamens 8. Carpels 4, united at the base, but diverging at the
apex, cuspidate, opening on the outside, usually containing about
4 seeds. — A small biennial herb, with the branches disposed in
whorles from the base. Flowers small, white, disposed in cymes.
Leaves alternate, nearly terete.
1 D. PUSI'LLA (Nutt. 1. c.) $ . H. F. Native of North
Carolina, about Camden, among moss on rocks. Sedum pusil-
lum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 276. Tillae'a cymosa, Nutt. gen.
amer. 1. p. 110.
Small Diamorpha. PI. 1 inch.
Cult. The seeds of this plant should be sown in a pot, filled
with peat, and the plants need not be shifted into other pots ; but
be preserved through the winter by a frame.
XXI. PENTHO'RUM (from nevrc, pente, five, and o
horos, a boundary ; in reference to the 5 beaks which terminate
the capsule). Lin. gen. no. 580. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 312. t. 65.
D. C. prod. 3. p. 414.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals
5. Stamens 10. Scales wanting? Carpels 5, united at the
base, in a 5-beaked 5-celIed capsule, which is pentagonal at the
apex, and opening under the beaks. Seeds numerous, small,
fixed on every side of the broad placenta, and probably exalbu-
rninous. — Erect perennial herbs, with scattered, membranous,
oblong-linear, unequally serrated leaves : and unilateral cymes,
which are turned back at the points.
1 P. SEDIOIDES (Lin. spec. p. 620.) stem a little branched ;
leaves lanceolate ; cymes numerous, panicled, many-flowered ;
seeds scobiform. If. . H. Native of North America, in bogs,
from New England to Carolina, and on La Grande Chaudiere.
Lin. act. ups. 1744. t. 2. Lam. ill. t. 390. Flowers white or
pale yellow.
Stonecrop-like Pentborum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1768. PI. 1 ft.
2 P. CHINE'NSE (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 323. in obs.)
stem simple ; leaves long, linear-lanceolate ; cymes few, corym-
bose, few-flowered; seeds ovate, horny. 3£. H. Native of
China. D. C. mem. crass, pi. 13. Very like P. sediuldes, but
the seeds are certainly distinct. Stems, as in it, terete at the
base, and angular at the apex.
China Penthorum. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. The species of this genus grow freely in light sandy
soil, and are easily increased by dividing at the roots. Cuttings
also strike freely under a hand-glass. P. Chinensis, if ever it
should be introduced to the gardens, will require protection in
winter until its hardiness be ascertained.
ORDER CXIV. FICOI'DE^E (plants agreeing in character
with Mesembrydnthemum, or Fig-marygold, in particular charac-
ters). Juss. gen. p. 315. diet. sc. nat. 16. p. 528. D. C. prod.
3. p. 415.
Calyx constantly of a definite number of sepals, usually 5, but
varying from 4 to 8, more or less united at the base, either co-
hering with the ovarium, or almost distinct from it, equal or un-
equal, quincuncial or valvate in aestivation. Petals indefinite,
coloured, narrow, a little combined at the base, sometimes want-
ing, but in that case the inside of the calyx is coloured. Stamens
indefinite, arising from the calyx, distinct ; anthers oblong, in-
cumbent. Ovarium distinct, or adnate to the calyx, many-
celled, crowned by numerous distinct stigmas. Capsule either
girded by the fleshy calyx or naked, usually many-celled, but
often 5-celled, opening in a stellate manner at the apex. Seeds
attached to the inner angle of the cells, definite or indefinite.
Embryo lying on the outside of a mealy albumen, curved. —
Shrubby or herbaceous plants, variable in habit. Leaves fleshy,
opposite, simple. Flowers usually terminal.
The curved embryo and mealy albumen, along with the
superior calyx, and distinctly perigynous stamens, characterise
these among their neighbours, independently of their succulent
habit. With Crassulacece, Clienopodeee, and Caryophyllece they
are more or less closely related. Reaumuriece and Nilranacece
are families different in affinity. The hottest sandy plains in the
Cape of Good Hope nourish the largest part of this order. A
few are found in the south of Europe, north of Africa, Chili,
China, Peru, and the South Seas. The succulent leaves of a
few of the species are eaten, as of Tetragbnia expdnsa, Mesem-
brydnthemum edule, and Sesuvmrnportulacdstrum; others yield an
abundance of soda. Mesembrydnthemum nodiflbrum is used in
the manufacture of Moroquin leather.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 MESEMBRYA'NTHEMUM. Calyx of 5, rarely of 2-8 sepals.
Petals indefinite, linear. Stamens indefinite, inserted in the top
of the calyx along with the petals. Capsule adnate to the calyx,
from 4 to many-celled ; cells many-seeded.
2 TETRAGONIA. Calyx 4, rarely 3-cleft ; lobes coloured in-
side. Petals wanting. Stamens variable in number. Capsule
3-8-celled ; cells 1 -seeded.
3 SESU'VIUM. Calyx 5-parted ; lobes coloured inside. Petals
wanting. Stamens 15-30, inserted in the top of the tube of the
calyx. Capsule 3, rarely 4-5-celled ; cells many-seeded.
4 AIZOON. Calyx 5-parted, coloured inside. Petals want-
ing. Stamens about 20, inserted in the bottom of the calyx,
3-5 in each fascicle. Capsule 5-celled ; cells many-seeded.
5 GLINUS. Calyx 5-parted, coloured inside, with 3 inner
sepals and 2 outer ones. Petals 5-20, tongue-shaped, 2-4-cleft
at the apex. Capsule covered by the calyx, 5-celled ; cells
many-seeded.
6 ORYVGIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals numerous (20), lanceolate.
Stamens indefinite. Capsule globose, 5-celled, many-seeded.
I. MESEMBRYA'NTHEMUM (from //^i^Spia, mesem-
bria, mid-day, and avSepoi', anthemon, a flower). Lin. gen.
628. Gsertn. fruct. 2. t. 126. Lam. ill. t. 438. Haw. obs.
mes. 1. vol. 8. 1794. misc. 1803. p. 15. syn. pi. succ. 1819. p.
202. D. C. prod. 3. p. 415. — Mesembryanthemum and Hy-
menogyne, Haw. rev. succ. p. 74. and p. 192.
LIN. SYST. Icosdndria, Tetra-Polygynia. Calyx of 5, rarely
of 2-8 sepals ; sepals united to themselves, and to the ovarium
even to the middle ; lobes unequal, usually leaf-formed. Petals
innumerable, in one, but more often in many series, united among
themselves at the base. Stamens indefinite, disposed in many
series, inserted with the petals at the top of the calyx. Ovarium
adnate to the calyx, many celled inside (4-20), but usually 5-
12G
FICOIDEjE. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.
celled. Stigmas 4-20, but usually 5. Capsule many-celled,
opening stellately at the apex, adnate to the permanent calyx.
Seeds numerous. Embryo curved at the side of a mealy albu-
men. Cotyledons thick, very blunt. — Subshrubs, rarely herbs,
almost all natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves usually
opposite, thick, fleshy, flat, terete or trigonal. Flowers termi-
nating the branches, white, yellow or purple, the greater part of
which open in the heat of the sun, very few of them opening in
the evening. Fruit opening in a humid atmosphere, and reliev-
ing the seeds, which are then dispersed by the wind along with
the sand.
In consequence of this genus being very large, we think it
necessary to give a synoptical table of the sections, in order to
render a reference to the species more easy.
Synoptical Table of the Sections.
Leaves
not
papulose.
ACAU'LIA (I.), §. 1 15.
eaves crowded at the tops of the branches . . .
CEPHALOPHY'LLA (II.), §. 16, 18.
REPTA'NTIA (III-), §• 19-23.
leaves
connate or
plants
sheathing .
PERFOLIA'TA (IV.), §. 24-27.
evidently
'with stems.
leaves dis-
posed along
he branches
eaves tri-
quetrous.
leaves
stems erect
distinct
or pros-
trate, not
creeping.
leaves
or nearly
so ...
TBIQUE'TRA (V.), §. 28-36.
erete or
semi- terete ....
TERETIU'SCULA (VI.), §. 37-42.
Leaves pa-
pulose.
(leaves terete or semi-terete PAPILI^SA (VII.), §. 33-53.
(leaves flat PLANIFOLIA (VIII.), §. 54-59.
SUBDIVISION I. ACAU'LIA (acaulis, without a stem ; plants stem-
less or nearly so). Haw. rev. succ. p. 81. Stems wanting or
very short. Root perennial. Leaves large, variable in form and
thickness, but not flat.
§ 1 . Sphceroidea (from ofyaipa, sphaira, a sphere ; in reference
to the leaves being joined together into a globe). Salm-Dyck. —
Minima et Sphceroidea, Han. rev. succ. Plants stemless. Leaves
opposite, very blunt, joined even to the apex into a globe, but
separating at length at the apex, and becoming marcescent, but
still sheathing at the base. Flowers solitary, sessile, central.
Calyx 4-5-cleft. Stigmas 4-5. Petals joined into a loose tube.
1 M. MINU'TUM (Haw. obs. 126. misc. 21. rev. 82.) plant
stemless, obconical, glaucous, without spots ; flowers long, tu-
bular. I/ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sims,
bot. mag. t. 1376. Plant hardly the size of a common bean.
Petals pale reddish in the free part, spreading ; tube slender,
half an inch long, inclosing the ovarium.
Minute Fig-marigold. Fl Sept. Nov. PI, -j- inch.
2 M. MI'NINUM (Haw. obs. 126. misc. 21. syn. 203. rev. p.
82.) plant stemless, obconical, glaucescent, with confluent rather
branched spots ; ovarium exserted. If . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Petiv. gaz. t. 39. f. 3. ? ex Haw. Flowers
very pale yellow, almost white, sessile. The cultivated plants
of this species are sometimes somewhat caulescent. Offsets
fewer from this species than from the other allied species.
Smallest Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Dec. Clt. 1776. PL \ inch.
3 M. PERPUSI'LLUM (Haw. rev. p. 82.) plant stemless, obco-
nical, green, with strong confluent branched dots ; ovarium in-
closed, y.. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very
nearly allied to M. minimum, but the colour of the flowers is
deeper, and the offsets more numerous.
Very-small Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Dec. Clt. 1819. f\.\
inch.
4 M. OBCORDB'LLUM (Haw. misc. 21. syn. 203. rev. 82.)
plant stemless, obconical, glaucescent, with confluent branched
dots; ovarium inclosed. ^. D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Sims, bot. mag. 1647. Flowers small, sessile,
nearly white. Petals twice the size of those of M. perpusUlum,
to which it is very nearly allied.
Small-obcordate Fig-marigold. Fl. Feb. Oct. Clt. 1776.
PI. \ inch.
5 M. OBCONE'LLUM (Haw. misc. 21. syn. 203. rev. 83.) plant
stemless, obconical, green, with confluent, rather tubercle-
formed dots ; ovarium inclosed. % . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Calyx 4-cleft. Corolla white.
Little-cone Fig-marigold. Fl. Feb. Oct. Clt. 1786. PI. | in.
6 M. FICIFORME (Haw. rev. p. 83.) plant stemless, rather
pyramidal or pear-shaped, glaucous, retusely obtuse at the apex,
with the dots usually distinct, greenish, and nearly obsolete.
7/ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Plant pale.
Flowers unknown.
Fig-formed Fig-marigold. Fl. Feb. Oct. Clt. 1819. PL | in.
7 M. TRUNCATE'LLUM (Haw. misc. 22. syn. 203. rev. 83.)
plant stemless, much depressed, and rather glaucous, with the
dots rather distinct ; ovarium exserted. I/ . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers straw-coloured.
Small-truncated Fig-marigold. Fl. Feb. Oct. Clt. 1795.
PI. £ inch.
8 M. FIBUIJEFORME (Haw. misc. p. 22. syn. 203. rev. p. 83.)
plant stemless, rather canescent, and somewhat pubescent, very
much depressed, and spotless. I/ . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Flowers unknown.
Button-shaped Fig-marigold. Fl. ? Clt. 1795. PI. | inch.
9 M. TURBINIFORME (Haw. rev. p. 84.) plant stemless, obco-
nical, exactly truncate, and therefore top-formed, obscurely dot-
ted, it . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burch.
cat. 1630. 2. voy. 1. p. 310. This species is twice or thrice the
size of M. truncatum.
Top-shaped Fig-marigold. PI. 2 inches.
FICOIDE^E. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.
127
10 M. uv-SFoRME (Haw. rev. p. 84.) plant stemless, nearly
globose, green, form and size of a grape berry, with small, rather
confluent deeper dots. If. . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Burm. afr. 1. 10. f. 2.?
Grape-formed Fig-marigold. Fl. ? Clt. 1 820. PI. \ inch.
11 M. NUCIFORME (Haw. obs. 129. misc. 22. syn. 204. rev.
84.) plant stemless, glaucous, without dots, nearly spherical ;
tops of leaves unequal, distinct, flat above. Tj. . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown.
Nut-formed Fig-marigold. Clt. 1790. PI. 1 inch.
§ 2. Subquadrifblia (the plants belonging to this section are
usually furnished with about 4 leaves). Salm-Dyck, obs, 17. —
Semiovata and Obtusa, Haw. rev. p. 85. Plants almost stem-
less. Leaves 4-6, decussate, quite entire, obtuse, flat above, con-
vex beneath. Flowers nearly sessile, solitary. Calyx 4-6-cleft.
Stigmas 4-6. The upper leaves are usually connate, as in sec-
tion Sphcero'tdece, and at length separate, but more distinctly.
12 M. TRUNCA'TUM (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 412.) plant stemless;
leaves spheroid-obconical, umbilicately truncate ; peduncle soli-
tary, 1 -flowered, compressed ; calyx 4-cleft. I/ . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope.
Truncate Fig-marigold. PI. 1 to 2 inches.
13 M. TESTICULA'RE (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 181.) plant stem-
less ; leaves 4-8, white, smooth, semi-terete, ovate or parabolic,
expanded. 1J. . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
M. testiculare, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 412. Hew. obs. 133. syn.
205. exclusive of variety ft and y, misc. 24. rev. 85. Flowers
white.
Testicular Fig-marigold. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1774. PI. 1 inch.
14 M. OCTOPHY'LLUM (Haw. rev. p. 85.) plant stemless ;
leaves 6-8, white, smooth, rather erectish, convex beneath, flat
above. T£ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M.
testiculare •/, Haw. misc. p. 24. M. testiculare ft et y, Haw.
syn. 205. M. testiculare ft, Sims, bot. mag. 1573. Flowers
yellow, and when expanded they are 8 or 1 0 lines in diameter.
Calyx 6-cleft, furnished with two leaf-formed bracteas at the
base. According to the Prince de Salm-Dyck, this is merely a
variety of M. testiculare.
Eight-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1819. PI. -J ft.
15 M. OBTD'SUM (Haw. misc. 25. syn. 206. rev. 86.) plant
green, almost stemless ; leaves unequal, semi-terete, acinaciform,
obtuse ; flowers almost sessile ; calyx 6-lobed. I/ . D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. M. fissoldes, Haw. obs. 135.
Old stem 2 inches high. Flowers pale red, bibracteate at the
base ; petals an inch long. Styles 6.
Blunt Fig-marigold. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1792. PL | ft.
16 M. FI'SSUM (Haw. obs. 134. misc. 25. syn. 205. rev. 86.)
plant almost stemless ; leaves equal, half-terete, very blunt,
glaucescent. Tf.. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Old stem 1 or 2 inches high ; branchlets very short, and alter-
nate. Flowers unknown.
Cleft Fig-marigold. Clt. 1776. PL -| foot.
17 M. DIGITIFO'RME (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 412.) plant stemless ;
leaves 3-4, terete, smooth, obtuse ; flowers sessile, solitary, axil-
lary. ^. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M.
digitatum, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 181. Flowers white, according
to Thunberg. Leaves alternate. Perhaps belonging to a dif-
ferent section.
Finger-shaped Fig-marigold. Clt. 1775. PL 1 inch.
§ 3. Moniliformia (from monile, a bracelet, and forma, form ;
appearance of stems); Ham. and Salm-Dyck, I. c. Stems very
short, moniliform, leafless in the summer. The two first leaves
united even to the apex, and deciduous; the two following leaves
elongated, and joined at the base, marcescent,and deciduous. Calyx
4-6-cleft, and is, as well as the leaves, full of crystalline pa-
pulce. Stigmas 7-8.
18 M. PISIFO'RME (Haw. misc. 23. syn. 205. rev. 93.) leaves
full of crystalline papulae ; the first two united into the form of a
pea ; the following 2 semi-terete ; caudex much branched, and
very dwarf. •%.. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
The first leaves are produced in autumn, and the second in win-
ter. Flowers unknown.
Pea-formed Fig-marigold. Clt. 1796. PL 1 inch.
19 M. MONILIFO'RME (Haw. obs. 132. misc. 24. syn. 207. rev.
93.) first leaves joined into a spherical form ; the following ones
half-terete, subulate, very long, green, and somewhat recurved.
If. . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap.
p. 413. Peduncles 2 inches long, terminal. Calyx 4-cleft.
Petals snow white. Styles 7, ex Haw.
Necklace-formed Fig-marigold. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1791.
PL £ foot.
§ 4. Aloidea (plants resembling Aloe in habit). D. C. prod.
3. p. 419. Aloidea and Magnipiincta, Han. rev. p. 86. and 87.
Ringentia Integra, Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 20. Plants stemless.
Leaves triquetrous, gradually thickened towards the apex, having
the carinal angle gibbous ; the two superior ones entire. Flowers
central, sessile, yellow.
20 M. NO'BILE (Haw. in phil. mag. 1823. p. 381.) plant rather
caulescent; leaves coarsely and triquetrously clavate, obtuse,
somewhat recurved, rather concave above, marked by large
elevated tubercles. If. . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Flowers large, sessile, opening before meridian, yellow,
scentless, bibracteate at the base. Calyx 6-cleft, according to
Salm-Dyck.
Noble Fig-marigold. FL July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PL £ foot.
21 M. MAGNIPU'NCTUM (Haw. rev. p. 86.) plant stemless;
leaves perfect, usually about 4, large, clavately triquetrous, very
thick, glaucescent, flat above, keeled beneath, obtuse at the
apex, marked with very large and numerous dots. 1i. D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. magnipunctatum, Haw.
suppl. p. 87. Flowers yellow, sessile.
Large-dotted Fig-marigold. Clt. 1822. PL % foot.
22 M.CA'NUM (Haw. obs. p. 158. misc. 25. syn. 219. rev. 87.
but not of Salm-Dyck,) plant stemless ; leaves hoary, semi-
terete at the base, attenuated, gibbously keeled at the apex. Tf. .
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very like M. mag-
nipunctum, but is easily distinguished by its hoary aspect.
Flowers unknown.
Hoary Fig-marigold. Clt. 1795. PL 1 to 2 inches.
23 M. ALOIDES (Haw. suppl. 88. rev. 87.) plant stemless ;
leaves entire, semi-terete, green, marbled with white dots, acute
upwards, rather concave above, carinately triquetrous at the
apex. y.. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Old
plant tufted ; root fusiform. Flowers sessile, central, yellow,
middle-sized. Perhaps the same as M. compactum, no. 86. Per-
haps M. aloides, Burch. trav. afr. 2. p. 332.
Aloe-like Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1819. PL A foot.
§ 5. Albinbta (from albus, white, and nota, a mark ; plants
marked with white). Haw. in phil. mag. Aug. 1826. p. 126.
Plants almost without stems, tufted. Roots perennial. Leaves
decussate, entire, obliquely incurved, green, spreading, full of
large tubercular white dots, semi-terete at the base, acinaciformly
triquetrous at the apex, or nearly equal-sided, more or less mucro-
nulated. Flowers central, solitary, sessile, yellow. Stamens
erectly spreading, as in those of section Ringentia.
24 M. ALBINOTUM (Haw. in phil. mag. Aug. 1826. p. 126.)
leaves acinaciformly triquetrous upwards, with a recurved
128
FICOIDE^. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.
mucrone, full of scattered, rather elevated whitish dots. If.
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow.
White-marked Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1824. PL £ ft.
25 M. ALBIPUNCTA'TUM (Haw. 1. c.) leaves semi-terete, beset
with white tubercular dots. If.. D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Flowers yellow. Very like M. albinotum, but
the leaves are twice or thrice smaller, and more numerous.
There is also a larger variety of this species mentioned by
Haworth.
White-dotted Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1824. PI. -J ft.
§ 6. Ringentia (from ringens, gaping; appearance of the two
upper leaves of the plants). Ham. syn. p. 216. phll. mag. 64.
p. 110. Spreng. syst. p. 515. D. C. prod. 3. p. 419. — Ringentia
ciliata, Salm-Dyck. — Ringentia et Scapigera, Ham. rev. p. 87,
88. Plants stemless. Leaves triquetrous, gradually thickening
to the top or gibbous, usually ciliately toothed, without papulce.
Flowers yellow, opening after meridian. Calyx 4,-5 -cleft. Stig-
mas 4-5.
26 M. MUSTELLI'NUM (Salm-Dyck and Haw. suppl. p. 87.
rev. p. 89.) plant almost stemless, green, full of pellucid dots ;
leaves triquetrous, gradually thickening towards the apex, cili-
ately toothed, pustulately gibbous on the inside at the base ;
flowers on short pedicels ; calyx 4-cleft. I/. . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Salm-Dyck, obs. 1820. p. 9. Flowers
yellow, expanding in the evening, sweet-scented.
Weasel-chop Fig-marigold. Clt. 1820. PI. i foot.
27 M. ERMININUM (Haw. in phil. mag. Aug. 1826. p. 126.)
plant almost stemless, glaucous ; leaves wrinkled from large
dots ; margins with short teeth at the apex. If. . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Herb densely tufted. Flowers
solitary, terminal, yellow, opening in the evening. Nearest
allied to M. murinum.
Far. ft, magus (Haw. 1. c.) corolla yellow, red at the apex.
Ermine-chop Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1824. Pl.|ft.
28 M. AGNINUM (Haw. in phil. mag. Aug. 1826. p. 126.)
plant almost stemless, canescent, wrinkled from dots ; leaves
semi-terete, serrulated from elevated dots, and hence somewhat
toothed, pustulate on the inside at the base. I/ . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves with a large white pustule
on the inside at the base. Flowers sessile, solitary, central, ex-
panding in the evening.
Far. ft ; plant a little smaller ; teeth of leaves more obscure.
Far. y ; leaves more erect, entire.
7,am6-chop Fig-marigold. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824. Pl.|ft.
29 M. MURINUM (Haw. obs. p. 165. misc. p. SO. syn. 217.
rev. 90. phil. mag. 64. p. 111.) plant almost stemless, glaucous;
leaves ciliately denticulated, 3 rows on each side, and full of
tubercular dots, with the margins and keel ciliately denticulated
at the apex ; flower sessile. I/. D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Flowers small, yellow. Styles 5, very short, erect,
green, a little thickened towards the apex.
Mouse-chop Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1790. PL | ft.
30 M. FELINUM (Haw. obs. p. 161. misc. p. 31. syn. p. 216.
rev. p. 89.) plant stemless, glaucescent ; leaves ciliated with long
teeth, obsoletely dotted, cartilaginously keeled at the apex,
full of pellucid dots when examined by the light ; flowers sessile.
It . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D. C. pi. grass.
t. 158. — Dill. hort. elth. f. 220. M. ringens ft, Lin. spec. p.
698. Flowers yellow, expanding after meridian. Styles 5, fili-
form, equal in length to the stamens.
Cai-chop Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1730. PI. £ ft.
31 M. LUPINUM (Haw. in phil. mag. 64. p. 111.) plant stem-
less ; leaves glaucescent, marginal ciliae very long, and very
numerous. I/ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Very like M.fellnum, but differs according to Salm-Dyck in the
leaves being narrower, more attenuated, and in the ciliae being
longer and more numerous, but probably it is only a mere
variety of it.
Wolf-chop Fig-marigold. PI. £ foot.
32 M. TIOR'INUM (Haw. obs. p. 164. misc. p. 21. syn. 216.
rev. p. 89.) plant stemless, greenish ; leaves stem-clasping, ovate-
cordate, expanded, marbled with white, flat above, ciliated with
long hairs, cartilaginously keeled at the apex ; flowers sessile. Tf. .
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ker. bot. reg. t.
280. Flowers yellow, expanding after meridian, large, central.
Styles 4, filiform, equal in length to the stamens.
Tiger-chop Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1790. PI.
i foot.
33 M. CANINUM (Haw. obs. p. 159. syn. 217. rev. p. 87.)
plant almost stemless ; leaves glaucous, carinately triquetrous,
rather club-shaped, incurved towards the apex, and somewhat
toothed, as well as the bracteas ; peduncles longer than the leaves.
%. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D. C. pi.
grass, t. 95.— Dill. elth. f. 231. — Bradl. succ. t. 17. M. rin-
gens a, Lin. spec. 698. Flowers of a yellowish orange-colour,
opening after meridian.
Z)og-chop Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1717. PI. | ft.
34 M. VULPINUM (Haw. syn. p. 417. rev. p. 88.) plant almost
stemless ; leaves glaucous, carinately triquetrous, rather club-
shaped, with large teeth at the apex or entire ; old leaves hori-
zontal ; bracteas entire ; peduncles longer than the leaves. If. ,
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. caninum ft,
Haw. misc. p. 32. Very like M. caninum, but taller, and the
leaves are longer and greener, with fewer teeth. It is, however,
perhaps only a variety of it. Flowers yellow.
jRw-chop Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1795. PI. J ft.
35 M. HY'BRIDUM (Haw. syn. 218. rev. p. 88.) plant stemless,
smooth, white ; leaves semi-terete, entire, carinately triquetrous
above, and a little thickened, ending in a recurved mucrone
each. If. D. G. Raised in the gardens from the seeds of M.
dlbidum, impregnated by the pollen of M. caninum.
Hybrid Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Oct. PI. ^ foot.
36 M. MUSCULINUM (Haw. in phil. mag. nov. 1826. p. 328.)
margins and keel of leaves usually bearing but one tooth each ;
branches prostrate, half afoot long. If . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow, opening in the morning,
scentless. This plant is very like M. murinum, but differs in the
prostrate branches, and in the teeth of the leaves being fewer.
It comes perhaps nearest in habit to M. ermimnum, but differs
in the petals being a line broad, not capillaceous.
Little-mouse-c\w]> Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824.
PI. prostrate.
§ 7. Rostrata (from rostrum, a beak). Haw. syn. p. 211. Salm-
Dyck, obs. bot. 1820. p. 20. Plants stemless or nearly so.
Leaves 4-6, erectish, connate, semi-terete, attenuated, rather
keeled, and somewhat denticulated at the apex. Floners solitary,
pedunculate, yellow. Calyx 4-8-cleft. Stigmas 8-12.
37 M. A'LBIDUM (Lin. spec. p. 699.) plant stemless, smooth,
whitish ; leaves thick, subulate, triquetrous, obtuse, with an
acumen, but semi-terete at the base : all quite entire. If. . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope — Dill. hort. elth. f. 232.
Bradl. succ. t. 43. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1824. Haw. rev. p. 88.
Flowers large, yellow, opening early in the morning, but after-
wards remaining expanded through the whole day, sweet-
scented. Stigmas 11. This plant is intermediate between the
section Ringentia and Rostrata.
White Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1714. PI. | foot.
38 M. DENTICULAVTUM (Haw. obs. 149. misc. 30. syn. p. 215.
rev. 91.) plant stemless; leaves very glaucous, subulately tri-
quetrous, compressed, dilately keeled at the apex ; keel usually
FICOIDEjE. I. MESEMBRYANTIIEMUM.
129
denticulated; scape bibracteate, 1 -flowered ; styles 15. Tj. . D.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers pale straw-
colour, 3 inches in diameter.
Var. a, canum (Haw. obs. 149.) leaves canescent from minute
down.
Var. ft, glaucum (Haw. obs. p. 151.) leaves glaucous-white,
rather dilated at both ends, a little toothed.
Var. y, candidisximum (Haw. 1. c.) leaves white, elongated, a
little toothed, compressed on both sides.
Denticulated Fig-marigold. Fl. April. Clt. 1793. PI. -J- ft.
39 M. ROBU'STUM (Haw. misc. p. 28. syn. 211. rev. p. 91.)
stem robust, a little branched, short, decumbent ; leaves obtuse,
dotted, subulate, postulate inside at the base. I/ . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown.
Robust Fig-marigold. Clt. 1795. PI. | foot.
40 M. COMPA'CTUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 191.) plant stem-
less ; leaves connate, dotted, semi-terete, triquetrous at the apex,
rather reflexed, acute ; flowers sessile ; calyx subcylindrical, 6-
cleft. I/ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw.
syn. 211. rev. 91. Flowers yellow. A very doubtful species,
and probably the same as M. nobile, no. 20.
Compact Fig-marigold. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1780. PI. | foot.
41 M. QUADRIFIDUM (Haw. misc. 28. syn. 212. rev. 91.)
plant almost stemless, at length branched ; leaves subulate, ob-
tuse, hoary-glaucous, marked by a few dots towards the apex ;
scape terminal, 1 -flowered, longer than the leaves ; calyx 4-cleft.
Tf. . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Old stems
2-3 inches long. Flowers yellow. Styles about the length of
the stamens.
Four-cleft Fig-marigold. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1795. PI. | foot.
42 M. BI'FIDUM (Haw. misc. p. 29. syn. 212. rev. p. 92.)
plant almost stemless ; leaves subulate, glaucous, obtuse, with
many dots; scape nearly terminal, 1 -flowered : calyx bifid.
1£.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow.
Lobes of calyx 2, unequal. Allied to M. quadrifidum, but
weaker, and the leaves are shorter and blunter.
Bifid Fig-marigold. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1795. PI. ^ foot.
43 M. BIBRACTEA'TUM (Haw. syn. p. 215. rev. 92.) plant
almost stemless, branched ; leaves elongated, subulate, dotted,
very glaucous ; bracteas'4, decussate, shorter than the scape;
calyx 5-cleft. Tf. . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Very like M. rostratum. Flowers yellow, expanding in the sun.
Styles 10, subulate, erect, length of stamens.
Bibracteate Fig-marigold. Fl. April, Nov. Clt. 1803. Pl.^ft.
44 M. PURPURA'SCENS (Salm-Dyck, obs. bot. ann. 1822.)
plant almost stemless, branched ; leaves dotted, smooth, gibbous
inside at the base, of a bluish glaucous-colour, obtuse, and trique-
trous at the apex ; keel usually extended ; sheaths purplish. 2/ .
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Purplish Fig-marigold. PL i foot.
45 M. ROSTRA'TUM (Lin. spec. p. 696.) plant stemless ; leaves
subulate, elongated, acute, dotted ; bracteas 2, longer than the
scape ; calyx 4-cleft. !{.. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. — Dill. elth. f. 229. without a flower. Haw. obs. p. 152.
misc. 29. syn. 214. rev. 92. Flowers yellow, expanding in the
sun. Styles very short, approximate.
Var. ft, tuberculatum (Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 32.) leaves tuber-
cular on the outside.
Beaked Fig-marigold. Fl. April. Clt. 1742. PI. i foot.
46 M. RAMULOSUM (Haw. misc. 29. syn. 215. rev. p. 92.)
young plant nearly stemless ; old stem 3 inches high, branched,
and decumbent ; leaves subulate, obtuse, pustulate inside at the
base : when old expanded ; scape terete, bracteate at the base ;
calyx 5-cleft. I/ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
M. rostratoides, Haw. obs. 154. Flowers yellow. This is the
smallest of all the section.
VOL. in.
Small-branched Fig-marigold. Fl. March, Nov. Clt. 1791.
PI. i foot.
§. 8. Linguceformia (from lingua, a tongue, and forma, a
form ; shape of leaves). Hani. misc. p. 32. rev. p. 93. Salm-
Dyck, obs. 18. Plants stemless or nearly so. Leaves more or
less tongue-shaped, fiat above, and convex beneath, soft, and shin-
ing. Flowers solitary, large, sessile, or pedunculate. Calyx
usually 4-cleft, rarely 5-cleft. Petals shining, yellow, broadish.
S/igmas 8, rarely 10. Capsule 8-10-celled,
* Disticha (from £IOT<XOC, distichos, having two rows, a distich ;
leaves disposed exactly in two opposite rows). Ham. misc. p. 32.
— L'mguceformia, Ham. rev. p. 93. — Glossoidea, Spreng. syst. 2.
p. 514. Leaves exactly distich. — Perhaps all the plants con-
tained in this division are nothing more than varieties of one
species, and probably of garden origin. 7'he whole have been
collected under the name of M. linguceforme in Lin. spec. p. 699.
and D. C. pi. grass, no. 71.
47 M. SCALPRA'TUM (Haw. obs. p. 187. misc. p. 32. syn. p.
220. rev. p. 94.) plant stemless ; leaves sloped down much, seal-
prate, very broad, one of the margins thicker than the other,
pustulate inside at the base ; flowers sessile. % . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. — Dill. elth. f. 2->4. M. obliquum,
Willd. spec. 2. p. 1027. ex Salm-Dyck, obs. 1820. p. 19. M.
lingnaeforme a, Lin. spec. p. 669. Flowers yellow.
Knife-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1714. PI.
| foot.
48 M. FRA'ORANS (Salm-Dyck, obs. 1820. p. 8.) plant almost
stemless ; leaves tongue-shaped, thick, one side rather convex,
and obtuse at the apex, the other side thrown out into a keel ;
flower on a short peduncle. Tf.. D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Haw. rev. p. 95. Hoflfmans. verz. 1. p. 220.
Otto et Link, abb. gew. t. 43. Flowers fragrant, yellow, 3 inches
in diameter. Calyx 5-cleft. Allied to M. scalpratum, but the
leaves are narrower and thicker.
Fragrant Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. PI. £ foot.
49 M. pR.sriNGUE (Haw. obs. 179. misc. p. 35. syn. p. 222.
rev. p. 95.) plant stemless ; leaves obliquely tongue-shaped, pale
green, very soft, when young ciliated with pubescence, ending in
an incurved point at the apex ; flowers nearly sessile ; calyx 4-
cleft. I/. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Willd.
enum. p. 529. M. heterophyllum, Andr. bot. rep. t. 540. ? but
not of Haw. Capsule 8-celled, conically depressed. Old stem
half a foot long, procumbent. Flowers yellow.
Very-fat-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1792.
PI. % foot.
50 M. ORANDiFLORtM (Haw. in phil. mag. nov. 1826. p. 328.)
leaves broad tongue-shaped, long, thick, having a large pustule
on the inside at the base ; petals very broad. 1£. D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow, almost scentless,
large, sessile ; petals 3-4 lines broad. Leaves 3i inches long,
and 15 lines broad. Capsule subconical. This is the largest
species in the present section.
Var. ft (Haw. 1. c.) leaves deeper green.
Great-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. July. Clt. 1824. PI. J ft.
51 M. ME'DIUM (Haw. suppl. p. 88. rev. p. 95.) plant almost
stemless ; leaves tongue-formed, sloping, cultrate, deep green,
without any claw-like point at the apex ; peduncles longer than
the flowers. H. . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Leaves 4 inches long, and an inch broad. Peduncles an inch
long. Flowers yellow.
Middle Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. PI. J to £ foot.
52 M. CULTRA'TUM (Salm-Dyck, obs. 1820. p. 7.) plant almost
stemless ; leaves distich, exactly tongue-shaped, cultrate at the
margin and apex ; peduncles compressed, rather longer than the
S
130
FICOIDEjE. I. MESEMBUYANTHEMUM.
flowers ; calyx 5-cleft. I/ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Haw. rev. p. 95. Leaves 3-4 inches long. Petals of a
shining yellow above, and reddish beneath.
Cultrate-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1820.
PI. J foot.
53 M. I.&NGUM (Haw. obs. p. 177.) plant stemless ; leaves
elongated, tongue-shaped, shining, deep green ; flowers pedicel-
late. 11.. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Dill,
elth. f. 227. M. linguaeforme 2, Lin. spec. p. 699. D. C. pi.
grass, t. 71. M. lucidum, Haw. rev. p. 95. Flowers yellow.
Far. ft,Jldccidum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 421.) flowers almost ses-
sile. M. longum a, Haw. rev. 96. M. depressum, Sims, bot.
mag. t. 1866.
Zong-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1725. PI. | ft.
54 M. ADSCE'NDENS (Haw. syn. 220. rev. p. 96.) plant stem-
less ; leaves broadly tongue-shaped, very blunt, ascending,
green ; flowers pedunculate. % . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Flowers yellow. Probably only a variety of
M. longum.
Ascending Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1 80S. Pl.| ft.
55 M. PUSTULA'TUM (Haw. suppl. p. 88. rev. p. 96.) plant
stemless ; leaves tongue-shaped, ascending, elongated, furnished
with large pustules on the inside at the base. 7£ . D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves 5-6 inches long, and
3-11 lines broad. Flowers yellow.
blistered Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. -| foot.
56 M. LINGU^FORME (Haw. obs. p. 188. misc. p. 33, syn. p.
221. rev. p. 97.) plant stemless ; leaves unequally tongue-shaped,
thick, green, keeled on one side ; flower on a very short pedun-
cle ; calyx 4-cleft. 1£ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. — Dill. elth. f. 2.26. M. linguaeforme y, Lin. spec. 669.
M. obliquum, Pers. but not of Haw. Flowers yellow.
Var. ft, rufescens (Haw. syn. p. 221.) leaves very closely im-
bricated, rufescent.
Tongue-f<irmed-]eave<i Fig-marigold. Fl. Mar. Nov. Clt.
1732. PI. 4 foot.
57 M. LA'TUM (Haw. obs. 186. misc. p. 32. syn. p. 220. rev.
p. 98.) plant stemless ; leaves tongue-shaped, green, obtuse,
thick, usually sloping, and somewhat excavated ; flowers nearly
sessile ; calyx 5-cleft ; capsule large, conical. If. . D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope.— Dill. elth. f. 225. M. lin-
guaeforme ft, Lin. spec. 699. Flowers yellow.
Var. ft, breve (Haw. rev. p. 99.) leaves short, very blunt, de-
pressed on the ground ; capsule small, depressed.
.Brood-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Mar. Nov. Clt. 1620. PL |ft.
58 M. DEPRE'SSUM (Haw. misc. p. 33. syn. 221. rev. 99.)
plant almost stemless, prostrate ; leaves pale, narrow-tongue-
shaped, obtuse, recurved, depressed, variously incurved at the
apex ; capsule depressed. 1J. . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. — Dill. elth. f. 226. ? Flowers yellow.
Var. ft, lividum (Haw. 1. c.) leaves of a livid rufescent colour.
Depressed Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1795. PL £ ft.
* Cruciata (from crux, a cross ; leaves disposed crosswise
more or less). Hani. syn. p. 222. — Cruciata and Difformia, Haw.
rev. 100. and 101. Leaves more or less cruciate, usually obliquely
decussate.
59 M. CRUCIA'TUM (Haw. obs. p. 173. misc. 35. syn. 224.
rev. 35.) plant nearly stemless ; leaves linear-tongue-shaped,
semi-cylindrical, very soft, cruciate ; peduncles 2-edged ; calyx
4-cleft. y.. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Old
stems 3 inches high. Peduncles 1-2 inches. Corolla large,
yellow.
Crem-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl.May.Nov. Clt. 1792. Pl.Jft.
60 M. TAURIVNUM (Haw. syn. p. 224. rev. 100.) plant almost
stemless ; leaves disposed in 2 rows, obliquely cruciate, semi-
8
terete, obtuse, very thick, of a yellowish green colour, incurved ;
flowers sessile; calyx bifid? 2f. D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Calycine segments unequal. Styles 8. Old
stem branched at the base, half a foot high. Flowers yellow.
Bull's-\\orn Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1795. PI. f ft.
61 M. SA'LMII (Haw. suppl. p. 89. rev. p. 100.) plant nearly
stemless ; leaves decussate, semi-cylindrical, attenuated and acute
at the apex, or oblique and bluntish ; flowers exactly sessile ;
calyx 4-cleft; capsule half closed. Tj.. D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Salm-Dyck. obs. bot. 1820. Link, et
Otto. abb. gew. t. 44. Flowers large, yellow. Leaves pustulate
at the base, according to Haworth.
Var. ft, semi-cruciaium (Salm-Dyck. 1. c.) leaves obliquely
distich, straight, and more tongue-shaped than the species.
Salm-Dyck's Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1818. Pl.|ft.
62 M. SURRE'CTUM (Haw. rev. p. 101.) leaves decussate,
erectish, or spreading, more or less semi-terete, subulate, acute,
soft, usually pustulate at the base ; ovarium exserted, some-
what pedunculate. 1$.. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Flowers yellow.
Raised Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1819. PL i ft.
63 M. HETEROPHY'LLUM (Haw. obs. p. 420. misc. 36. syn.
225. rev. 101.) plant stemless; leaves green, difformed, with-
out dots ; upper ones the longest. % . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow. Leaves obliquely cru-
ciate : lower ones like those of M. canum : upper ones like
those of M. dijforme.
Variable-leaved Fig-marigold. Clt. 1795. PI. J foot.
64 M. ANGU'STUM (Haw. obs. 176. misc. p. 34. syn. 222. rev.
p. 101.) plant almost stemless; leaves linear-tongue-shaped,
semi-cylindrical, very long ; flowers nearly sessile ; calyx 4-
cleft. I/ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
yellow, having the petals broader than any other species of this
section. Calyx 4-cleft; stigmas 10, according to Haworth.
Var. ft, pallidum (Haw. rev. p. 101.) leaves paler, obliquely
cruciate. Perhaps this plant appertains to M. heterophyllum.
Andr. bot. rep. t. 540.
Mzmw Fig-marigold. Fl. Mar. Oct. Clt. 1790. PL \ ft.
65 M. DIFFORME (Lin. spec. p. 669.) plant nearly stemless ;
leaves obliquely cruciate, long, semi-cylindrical, oblique,
furnished with 1-2 obscure teeth at the apex ; flowers nearly
sessile; calyx 4-cleft. I/. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope.— Dill. elth. f. 242. Haw. obs. p. 169. misc. 35. syn.
225. rev. p. 103. Old stems 2-3 inches long, decumbent.
Flowers large, yellow, fading to a copper colour. Styles 8.
Var. ft, brevicaiile (Haw. rev. p. 103.). Caudex shorter.
Difformed Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1732. PL dec.
66 M. BIGIBBERA'TUM (Haw. inphil. mag. nov. 1825. p. 329.)
leaves obliquely somewhat cruciate, semi-cylindrical, pale green,
varying at the apex, usually with 2 gibbosities ; capsule de-
pressed. If. . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very
like M. difforme, but smaller and slenderer. Flowers yellow.
Tmo-bunched-\eavz& Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1820. PL
| foot.
67 M. BIDENTA^TUM (Haw. suppl. p. 89. rev. p. 103.) plant
stemless; leaves semi-cylindrical, thick, soft, oblique at the
apex, and difformed, bearing 2 large, almost opposite, fleshy
teeth in the middle. %. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Flowers large, yellow, on short peduncles ; petals
erosely toothed at the apex. Capsule a little depressed. — The
figure in Dill. hort. elth. f. 241. is referrible to this plant and not
to the next.
Bidentate-\ea\ed Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1818. Pl.|ft.
68 M.SEMICYLI'NDRICUM (Haw. obs. p. 238. misc. p. 36. syn.
225. rev. 103.) plant rather caulescent ; leaves very narrow,
tongue-shaped, semi-terete, oblique towards the apex, furnished
FICOIDE^E. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.
131
with 1 obsolete tooth on one side, and another stronger one on
the other; flowers on short pedicels ; calyx 4-cleft. l/.D. H.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Pluk. mant. t. 325. f. 4.
Flowers yellow, size of those of M. linguceforme. Styles 8.
Semi-cylindrical-]eaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Mar. Nov. Clt.
1 732. PI. | foot.
§ 9. Dolabriformia (from dolabra, an axe or hatchet, and
forma, form ; shape of leaves). Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 19. — Dola-
briformia and Carindntia, Han. rev. p. 90. Plants stemless, or
on short stems. Leaves decussate, with a keeled gibbous angle.
Flowers yellow. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5. Capsule 5-celled.
69 M. DOLABRIFORME (Lin. spec. p. 699.) young plant stem-
less, but as it grows old it becomes caulescent and erect ; leaves
glaucous, dotted, exactly dolabriform, i. e. depressed at the base,
and compressed at the apex, obtuse, and somewhat emarginate ;
flowers on short pedicels. Ij . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope.— Dill. hort. elth. f. 237. D. C. pi. grass, t. 6.
Curt. bot. mag. t. 32. Haw. obs. p. 366. misc. p. 37. syn. 1.
p. 219. Flowers yellow, opening in the evening. Styles 5,
filiform, longer than the stamens.
Far. ft, minus (Haw. I.e.). M. dolabriformoides, Haw. obs. 168.
Hatchet-form-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Nov. Clt.
1705. PL | foot.
70 M. CARI'NANS (Haw. rev. p. 90.) plant nearly stemless ;
leaves elongated, somewhat incurved and spreading, semiterete
at the base, compressed at the apex, and dilated into a keel,
whitish and dotted. Tj.. D. G. Native country and flowers un-
known. M. canum, Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 20. but not of Haw.
Flowers by threes, yellow, expanding in the evening. Very
like M. dolabriforme.
Keeling Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1818. PI. | ft.
71 M. SCA PIOER (Haw. in phil. mag. dec. 1824. p. 423.) plant
almost stemless ; leaves carinately triquetrous, green, roughish
and dotted on the margins ; scape strong, 2-edged, bracteate,
rather panicled. If. . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Flower middle-sized, yellow. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas
5, slender.
Scape-bearing Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1823.
PI. £ foot.
§ 10. Gibbosa (from gibbosus, crooked-backed or bunched ;
back of some of the leaves). Ham. rev. p. 104. — Abbreviata,
Haw. misc. \. p. 36. — Incequifdlia gibbdsa, Salm-Dyck. obs. p.
18. Plants nearly stemless. Leaves diffbrmed, connate a great
may at the base, large, unequal, one of which is short and gib-
bous, the other usually oblique. Flowers sessile, or on short pedi-
cels, small, reddish. Calyx 6-cleft. Stigmas 6.
72 M. GIBBOSUM (Haw. obs. p. 137. misc. p. 36. rev. p. 104.)
plant nearly stemless ; leaves connate, difformed, of a yellowish
green colour, spreading, ovate, semi-cylindrical, very rarely
keeled at the apex ; peduncles short, 2-edged. 7£ . D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals reddish, with paler
edges. Stigmas 6, very short. Calyx 6-lobed ; lobes unequal.
Gibbous -leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Jan. Apr. Clt. 1780. Pl.| ft.
73 M. LU'TEO-VIRIDE (Haw. syn. p. 226. rev. p. 104.) stem
short, prostrate, weak ; leaves connate, oblong, semi-cylindrical,
triquetrous at the apex, greenish-yellow ; flowers sessile. 1£.
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. perviride ft, Haw.
misc. p. 37. Stem 1-2 inches. Calyx 6-cleft. Styles 6, very
short, at length spreading. Petals reddish, marked by a deeper
line each. Perhaps only a variety of M. perviride.
Yellowish-green Fig-marigold. Fl. Jan. Clt. 1795. PI. £ ft.
74 M. PERVI'RIDE (Haw. obs. p. 136. misc. p. 37. exclusive
of var. /3, syn. p. 227. rev. 104.) stem weak, prostrate ; leaves
connate, semi-cylindrically triquetrous, or somewhat ovate, very
green; pedicels very short, 2-edged. If.. D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Calyx small, 6-cleft. Petals reddish,
paler than those of M. gibbosum. Styles 6, much spreading,
length of filaments. Stem 2-3 inches long. Leaves shorter
and broader than in M. luteo-viride.
Very-green Fig-marigold. Fl. Jan. Aug. Clt. 1792. PI. pr.
75 M. PUBE'SCENS (Haw. obs. p. 138. misc. 137. syn. 227.
rev. p. 104.) plant almost stemless ; leaves pubescent, hoary,
or silky, smooth, semi-cylindrical, oblique at the apex. I/ . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown. The
form of the plant agrees with the 2 preceding species, but differs
in being silkv or downy.
Pubescent Fig-marigold. Fl. Jan. May. Clt. 1792. PI. i ft.
§ 11. Calamiformia (from calamus, a reed, and forma, form ;
long taper leaves). Haw. rev. p. 104. Plants almost stemless.
Leaves numerous, nearly terete, greenish, dotted. Flowers on short
peduncles, of a dirty white colour. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 8.
76 M. CALAMIFORME (Lin. spec. 690.) stemless ; leaves su-
bulate, nearly terete, glaucescent, dotted, flat above ; flowers on
short peduncles. Tf.. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. — Bradl. succ. f. 19.— Dill. elth. f. 228. D. C. pi. grass.
t. 5. Haw. obs. p. 140. misc. p. 26. syn. 208. rev. 105. Ca-
lyx 5-cleft, with 3 of the lobes fleshy, and 2 of them membra-
nous. Petals whitish. Stigmas 8, acute. Capsule 8-celled.
Reed-shaped-\ea\ed Fig-marigold. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1717.
PI. $ foot.
77 M. OBSUBULA'TUM (Haw. misc. 26. syn. 208. rev. p. 105.)
stemless ; leaves inversely subulate, or gradually thickening
towards the apex, thick, obtuse, greenish. I/ . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown. Very like M.
calamiforme.
Obsubulate-]eaved Fig-marigold. Clt. 1796. PI. £ foot.
§ 12. Teretifblia (from teres, cylindrical, and folium, a leaf).
Haw, rev. p. 105. Plants stemless or subcaulescent. Leaves
nearly terete, greenish, dotted. Flowers pedunculate, showy, very
pale red. Calyx ^-cleft. Stigmas 12.
78 M. CYLI'NDRICUM (Haw* obs. p. 411. misc. 27. syn. p.
209. rev. p. 102.) plant almost stemless ; leaves triquetrously
terete, rather glaucous, dotted, but when young more glaucous
and more triquetrous ; peduncles compressed at the base, bi-
bracteate. 7£. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Leaves 3 inches long. Peduncles 1-2 inches long. Bracteas
filiform. Old stems 2 inches long, crowdedly branched.
Flowers red.
Cylindrical-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Feb. Sept. Clt. 1792.
PI. i foot.
79 M. TERETIFOLICM (Haw. syn. p. 210. rev. p. 105.) plant
subcaulescent ; leaves nearly terete or cylindrical, greenish, ra-
ther dotted : but when young polished, very green, and semi-
terete ; peduncle nearly terete, bibracteate. i;. D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. M. cylindricum /3, Haw. misc. p.
37. Branches procumbent. Bracteas filiform. Leaves 4 inches
long. Flowers red.
Terete-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Feb. Sept. Clt. 1794. PI.
I foot.
80 M. TERETIU'SCUIUM (Haw. obs. 410. misc. 27. exclusive
of the synonymes) plant stemless ; leaves triquetrously terete,
firm, thick, green, dotted. If.. D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Leaves 2 inches long. Flowers unknown, but
probably red.
Nearly terete-leaved Fig-marigold. Clt. 1794. PI. -^ foot.
§ 13. Bellidijlbra (from bellis, a daisy, and flos, a flower;
the flowers bear some resemblance to those of the daisy). Haw.
rev. p. 106. Plants stemless or caulescent. Leaves triquetrous,
132
FICOIDE^E. I. MESEMBRYANTIIEMUM.
acute at the angles, toothed at the apex. Florvers solitary, pe-
dicellate. Petals purple on the ribs and mhite on the margins.
Calyx 5-cleft. Capsule 5-celled. Stigmas numerous, small,
hair-formed.
81 M. BELLIDIFLORUM (Lin. spec. p. 690.) caudex short, suf-
fruticose ; leaves triquetrous, compressed, rather acinaciform,
denticulated at the apex ; pedicels short. I/ . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals red and white.
Far. ft, glaucescens (Haw. rev. p. 105.) leaves rather glau-
cous, with the teeth in 3 rows at the apex. — Dill. elth. f. 233.
Var. y, viride (Haw. rev. p. 105.) leaves pale green, toothed
heneath on the keel.
Daisy-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1717.
PI. i foot.
82 M. SUBULA'TUM (Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 10.) caudex branched ;
leaves rather glaucous, triquetrously subulate, denticulated at
the apex. 1£. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Haw. syn. 208. M. bellidiflorum simplex, D. C. pi. grass, t.
41. Flowers reddish. The plant is very like M. bellidiflorum,
but is much smaller and more branched.
Subulate-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. ? PL -j ft.
83 M. BURMA'NNI (Haw. rev. p. 106.) floriferous stems erect,
simple ; leaves triquetrous, with 3 rows of teeth at the apex ;
pedicels rather elongated. 1£. D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. — Burm. afr. t. 25. This species is hardly known.
Burmann's Fig-marigold. PI. ^ foot.
§ 14. Acuta (from acutus, acute; leaves acute). Han.
rev. 107. Plants stemless or nearly so. Leaves semiterete, su-
bulate, incurved, triquetrous at the apex, green, full of pellucid
dots. Flowers pedicellate; petals deep purple. Calyx 5 cleft.
Stigmas 1 0 ?
84 M. ACU TUM (Haw. misc. p. 26. syn. 207. rev. 107.) plant
stemless ; leaves semi-cylindrical, acute, green, full of pellucid
dots, finely wrinkled. I/ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. M. subulatoides, Haw. obs. p. 141. M. subrostratum,
Willd. enum. p. 529. ex Haw. Allied to M. diminutum, but
larger. Scape bibracteate at the base; bracteas filiform. Calyx
5-cleft. Petals purple, cleft at the apex. Stigmas 10, length
of filaments.
/^cute-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Apr. Nov. Clt. 1793. Pl.ift.
85 M. FUNCTA'TUM (Haw. obs. p. 411. rev. p. 107.) plant
smooth, stemless ; leaves semiterete, triquetrous at the top, flat
above, full of pellucid dots, pale green, furnished with a minute
white point at the apex, i/ . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Flowers unknown. Perhaps only a variety of M.
diminutum.
Dotted-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. April, Nov. Clt. 1793.
PI. | foot.
86 M. DIMINU'TUM (Haw. misc. p. 26. syn. p. 230. rev. 107.)
plant nearly stemless, smooth, shining ; leaves semiterete, trique-
trous at the apex, flat above, full of pellucid dots, terminating in
a white point at the apex. "%.. D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. M. corniculatum, Haw. obs. p. 226. exclusive of
the synonymes. M. loreum, Lin. spec, and Haw. exclusive of
the synonyme of Dillenius ex Haw. Flowers red or purplish.
Var. ft, cauliculatum (Haw. suppl. 90. rev. 107.) stem half
erect ; leaves longer, and with larger dots, but is perhaps only
an old plant.
Diminished Fig-marigold. Fl. Apr. Clt. 1789. Pl.ift.
crowded. Planers pedicellate, white. Calyx 5-cleft, having 2'
of the lobes very long. Stigmas 5. Capsule subgloi.ose.
87 M. MACRORH)ZUM (Haw. 1. c. D. C. 1. c.) stem very
short ; root large, tuberous ; leaves connate, bluntly triquetrous,
crowded, spreading; branches erect, bent; flowers 1-3 together,
nearly terminal, pedicellate. y.. D. S. Native of the Island
of Bourbon, among scoria near the sea. Stems 3 inches high.
Flowers small, white, numerous. The leaves have an acrid
taste when eaten, as those of Salsola. La Lavangere, Comm.
mss. and figure. Ficoide, De Pet. Th. mel. bot. p. 37.
Large-rooted Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1823. PL i ft.
SUBDIVISION II. CEPHALOPHY'LLA (from Kt<pa\ri, cephale, a
head, and t/>v\\oi', phyllon, a leaf; in reference to tlie leaves
being collected in heads at the tops of the branches). Haw.
rev. 108. Stems suffruticose, decumbent. Leaves long, tri-
quetrous, or nearly cylindrical, disposed in heads. Flowers
pedunculate, yellow. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 10-20. — This
division is perhaps not very natural.
§16. Corniculata (from corniculatus, horned; shape of
leaves). Han. rev. p. 108,—Prostrata, Haw. misc. p. 38. syn.
220. — Calainiformia prostrata, Salm-Dyck. Caudex branched,
prostrate, rather strumose at the knots, and nearly sarmenta-
ceous. Leaves crowded at the nodi, elongated, triquetrous, or
nearly cylindrical, glabrous, and without any papulae. Flowers
pedunculate, yellow. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 10-20. Ovarium
depressed.
88 M. LOREUM (Haw. syn. p. 229. rev. 108.) stems prostrate,
rather nodose : adult ones nearly terete ; leaves crowded in
heads, semi-cylindrically triquetrous, elongated, recurved, ra-
ther glaucous. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
— Dill. elth. f. 255. Peduncles solitary, an inch and a half long,
bibracteolate at the base. Flowers straw-coloured. Calyx 5-6-
cleft. Styles 15-18.
Var. ft, congest urn (Haw. 1. c.) plant more greenish ; lower
pair of leaves very long.
Thong Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1732. PL pr.
89 M. DIVERSIFOLIUM (Haw. misc. p. 38. syn. p. 230. rev.
p. 108.) stems prostrate, rather nodose : adult ones robust, an-
gular, red, and yellow ; leaves very long, triquetrously semi-
cylindrical, rather recurved, green, crowded in heads. Jj . D. G.
Natives of the Cape of Good Hope. — Dill. elth. f. 252. M.
diversiphyllum, Haw. obs. p. 228. M. corniculatum ft, Willd.
Flowers pedunculate. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals of yellowish brown
colour, striated by a red line on the outside. Styles 17. ex Haw.
Var. a, glaucutn (Haw. 1. c.) leaves rather glaucous.
Var. ft, brecifblium (Haw. 1. c.) leaves shorter than in any of
the other varieties.
Var. y, Ice te-virens (Haw. 1. c.) leaves pale green.
Var. S, atroeirens (Haw. 1. c.) leaves dark green.
Diverse-leaved Fig-marigold. FL Mar. Oct. Clt. 1726. PI. pr.
90 M. DECI'PIENS (Haw. rev. p. 110.) stems prostrate, with
rather distant nodi ; leaves rather crowded, long, arcuately
ascending, triquetrously semi-cylindrical, green, shining, mi-
nutely and finely wrinkled, f? . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Flowers pale yellow.
Deceiving Fig-mai igold. Fl. May. Cl. 1820. PL pr.
91 M. DUVBIUM (Haw. misc. p. 39. syn. 231. rev. 110.)stems
prostrate, nearly terete, with the nodi contiguous ; leaves rather
crowded, longish, triquetrously semi-cylindrical, ascending,
green, shining; stigmas 12. ^ . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. — Bradl. succ. t. 40. Petiv. gaz. 77. f. 10.
Leaves 2 inches long, but shorter than those of M. corniculatum.
Peduncles terminal, shorter than the leaves. Petals sulphur-
FICOlDEjE. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.
133
coloured on the inside, and of an orange red colour on the
outside.
Doubtful Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1800. PL pr.
92 M. CORNICULA'TUM (Lin. spec. 676.) stems spreading, an-
gular, with distant nodi ; leaves rather crowded, triquetrously
semi-cylindrical, very long, glaucous, incurved ; stigmas 12-18.
Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.— Dill. elth. f.
254. D. C. pi. glass, t. 108. Haw. misc. 39. syn. 231. rev.
110. Peduncles slender, length of leaves. Calyx 5-cleft.
Petals yellow, with a red dorsal line. Stigmas purple. Cap-
sule many-celled.
Horned Fig-marigold. Fl. May. Clt. 1732. PI. pr.
§ 17. Procumbentia (procumbens, procumbent; plants).
Haw. in phil. mag. dec. 1826. p. 329. Old stems procumbent.
Leaves connate at the base, long, semilerete or cylindrical.
93 M. PROCU'MBENS (Haw. rev. 111.) stems flexuous, pro-
cumbent ; leaves by pairs, recurved, corniculate, semi-cylindri-
cally triquetrous, glaucescent. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. M. dubium, Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 22. Allied
to M. tricolor, but the leaves are shorter and more expanded, &c.
Procumbent Fig-marigold. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. 1820. PI. pr.
94 M. TRICOLOHUM (Haw. obs. 233. misc. 39. syn. 232. rev.
111.) stems prostrate; branches distant; leaves exactly cylin-
drical, acute, green ; stigmas 20, short, expanded. ^ . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. stramineum, Willd.
enum. p. 533. ex Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 22. Flowers large, shin-
ing. Petals straw-coloured, blood-coloured at the base ; anthers
brown ; stigmas green.
Three-coloured-fiov/ered Fig-marigold. Fl. Apr. May. Clt.
1794. PI. pr.
95 M. PURPU'REO-A'LBUM (Haw. in phil. mag. dec. 1826. p.
329.) branches short, angular, prostrate, furrowed, yellowish ;
leaves green, triquetrously semi-cylindrical, full of little dots,
upper ones crowded. 17 . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Peduncles filiform. Flowers showy ; petals white, po-
lished, naked, with abroad, dark, purple line. Styles 10, reddish.
Purple and nihite-fiowered Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1824.
PI. pr.
§ 18. Capilata (from capitatus, headed ; leaves crowded into
heads at the top of the stems or branches). Ham. syn. 227. rev.
111. Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 30. Caudex erect, much branched.
Leaves crowded at the tops of the branches, alternate, very long,
triquetrous, or semi-terete, without either dots or papulce. Flo-
riferous branches disposed in something like whorls, decumbent.
Peduncles bracteate at the base. Flowers large, yelloni. Calyx
5-lobed ; lobes elongated. Petals ciliated at the base. Stigmas
10-20. The species are very nearly allied to each other.
96 M. PUGIONIFORME (Lin. spec. 699.) stem suffruticose,
erectish ; branches few, terete, decumbent ; leaves alternate,
crowded at the tops of branches, glaucous, triquetrous ; petals
shorter than the calyx ; stigmas 15, expanded, fy . D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope.— Dill. elth. f. 269. Bradl.
succ. t. 14. D. C. pi. grass, t. 82. Haw. misc. 42. syn. 218.
rev. 112. Flowers large, pale yellow. Perhaps the flesh-co-
loured and purple-flowered varieties mentioned in Breyn. cent,
p. 164. belong to this species.
Dagger-formed-\enved Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Sept. Clt.
1714. Shrub 1 foot.
97 M. CAPITA'TUM (Haw. misc. p. 41. syn. 228. rev. 112.)
stem simple, suffruticose, with the leaves alternate and crowded
at its top, rather glaucous, and triquetrous ; petals length of
calyx; stigmas 16, straight, setaceous. Fj . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Ker. hot. reg. 494. M. pugioni-
forme, Haw. obs. p. 390. Stem simple. Flowers pale yellow.
Far. /3, ramigerum (Haw. 1. c.) stem a little branched.
Capitate Fig-marigold. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1717. Sh. 1 ft.
98 M. BREVICAU'LE (Haw. suppl. p. 91. rev. 113.) camlex
sufFruticose, simple, erect, with the leaves alternate, greenish,
triquetrous, and crowded at its apex. J; . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Breyn. cent. p. 165. Much smaller
than M. capitatum. Flowers pale yellow.
Short-stemmed Fig-marigold. FL Jul. Sept. Clt. 1820. Sh. \ ft.
99 M. CORU'SCANS (Haw. suppl. 90. rev. 1 13.) stem shrubby ;
leaves alternate, dagger-shaped, long, glittering, crowded at the
top of the stem. ^ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Flowers yellow.
Glittering Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1812. Sh. 1 ft.
100 M. ELONGA'TUM (Haw. obs. p. 230. misc. p. 40. syn. p.
228. rev. p. 113.) stem weak, flexuous; leaves crowded at the
top of the stem, alternate, rather glaucous, bluntly triquetrous,
channelled or semiterete : root large, tuberous, fleshy. Ij . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow. Stioroas
12-19. D. C. pi. grass, t. 72.
Var. ft, minus (Haw. 1. c.) corolla a little smaller ; petals
hardly ciliated. Ker. bot. reg. t. 493.
Var. y,fusiforme (Haw. 1. c.) root fusiform. Breyn. cent. p.
33. M. fusiforme, Haw. misc. p. 41.
Elongated Fig-marigold. Fl. May. Clt. 1793. Sh. 1 foot.
SUBDIVISION III. REPTA'NTIA (replans, creeping ; plants
creeping). Haw. rev. p. 114. Stems suft'rutescent, decumbent,
creeping ; branches angular. Leaves opposite, connate at the
base, acutely triquetrous. Flowers pedunculate, reddish except
in M . edule. Stigmas 5-20.
§ 19. Sarmentosa (from sarmentosus, full of twigs ; branches
numerous and twiggy). Salm-Dyck. obs. 38. Haw. rev. p. 114.
Stems shrubby, decumbent; branches rooting, sarmentaceous.
Leaves opposite, connate, acutely triquetrous, dotted with serru-
lated margins. Peduncles usually ternate, bibracteate. Flowers
middle-sized, reddish, with a deeper- coloured dorsal line. Calyx
5-cleft. Stigmas 5.
101 M. GEMINIFLORUM (Haw. rev. 114.) stem shrubby, dif-
fuse ; branches elongated, slender, creeping ; leaves triquetrous,
nearly equal-sided, rather connate at the base, acute, and a
little hooked at the apex, dotted ; pedicels twin or tern ; stig-
•mas 5. fc . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M.
geminatum, Jacq. fragm. t. 50. but not of Haw. Petals purple.
Flowers hardly half an inch in diameter. Leaves 12-15 lines
long, scabrous from elevated dots.
Twin-jlowercd Fig-marigold. Clt. 1819. PI. creeping.
102 M. SIMILE (Haw. rev. p. 115.) stems shrubby, firm, pro-
cumbent ; leaves triquetrous, equal-sided, glaucescent, full of
very small dots, straight at the apex, longer than the internodes :
margins not serrulated. Pj . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Flowers unknown. Allied to M. gemmiflorum,
but the branches are shorter; and to M. Idxum, but the inter-
nodes are shorter.
Similar Fig-marigold. Clt. 1819. PI. pr.
103 M. LA'XUM (Willd. enum. p. 536.) stem loose, diffuse,
shrubby ; branches creeping, very slender ; leaves connate, com-
pressed, triquetrous, more green than the others, tubercularly
dotted, usually shorter than the internodes : with the margins
and keel finely denticulated. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Haw. rev. 115. Flowers reddish.
Loose Fig-marigold. Fl. May. Clt. 1 820. PI. creeping.
104 M. SARMENTOSUM (Haw. syn. 238. rev. 115.) stem
shrubby, diffuse ; branches prostrate, rooting, sarmentaceous ;
leaves crowded, compressed, triquetrous, pale green, roughish
on the edges ; peduncles club-shaped above; stigmas 5. fj . D. G,
134
FICOIDEiE. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.
Native of New Holland. Branches short, opposite. Leaves 2
inches long. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals reddish, with a deeper-
coloured line. Styles short, recurved at the apex, greenish
yellow.
Twiggy Fig-marigold. Fl. April. Clt. 1805. PI. pr.
105 M. RIGIDICAU'LE (Haw. rev. p. 116.) stem firm, procum-
bent, not pendulous ; leaves long, triquetrous, equal-sided,
straight, with roughish margins. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. The rest unknown.
Stiffish- stemmed Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1819. Pl.pr.
106 M. VA'LIDUM (Haw. in phil. mag. dec. 1826. p. 329.)
leaves long, pale green, with rougliish margins ; branches robust,
stiff, decumbent ; flowers usually by threes ; keel of bracteas
entire. Jj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
showy, rose-coloured, with a deeper coloured line in the middle.
Strong Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1824. Pl.pr.
107 M. SCHOLLII (Salm-Dyck. obs. 1820. p. 10. Haw. rev.
p. 116.) stems firm, decumbent, sarmentose ; leaves connate,
compressed, triquetrous, spreadingly recurved, dotted, serrulated
on the lateral angles, and on the upper part of the keel ; pedun-
cles tern, bibracteate in the middle; stigmas 5. f? . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. aduncum, Jacq. fragm.
t. 51. f. 2. but not of Willd. M. recurvum, Haw. suppl. p. 90.
but not of Mcench. Petals reddish, acute, with a deeper-co-
loured line in the middle of each.
So/toll's Fig-marigold. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1810. Sh. dec.
§ 20. Humlllima (from humillimus, very humble). Haw.
rev. p. 121. — Reptantia, Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 30. — Reptdntia
humiliima, Ham. syn. p. 241. Stems suffruticose, and are as
well as the branches humble, prostrate, and creeping, rooting at
the joints. Leaves opposite, rather connate, triquetrous, usually
crowded, with smooth margins. Flowers pedunculate, middle-
sized, reddish. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5.
108 M. RE'PTANS (Ait. hort. kew. vol. 2. p. 185.) stems
filiform, very slender, creeping ; leaves much crowded, trique-
trous, acute, glaucous, scabrous from large pellucid dots. fj .
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers reddish,
(ex Ait.), yellow (ex Salm-Dyck.), rarely flowering (ex Haw.
obs. p. 349. misc. 80. syn. 212. rev. 121.).
Creeping Fig-marigold. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1774. PI. cr.
109 M. CRASSIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. p. 693.) stem semi-terete,
creeping ; leaves triquetrous, dotless, very green, smooth, semi-
cylindrical at the base ; peduncles a little compressed ; stigmas
5, spreading. T; . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
— Dill. elth. f. 257.— Bradl. succ. t. 38. Haw. obs. 350.
misc. 78. syn. 241. rev. 122. Flowers middle-sized, deep red.
Peduncles 1-2 inches long. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas broad at
the base, and subulate at the apex.
Thick-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1727. Pl.cr.
110 M. DE'BILE (Haw. in phil. mag. dec. 1826. p. 331.)
plant smooth ; branches filiform, a little compressed ; leaves
crowded about the knots of the creeping stems, bluntly and aci-
naciformly triquetrous, glaucescent. t? . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. This species differs from M. reptans in
being smooth, not rough. Flowers unknown.
Weak Fig-marigold. Clt. 1824. PI. creeping.
111 M. CLAVELLA'TUM (Haw. misc. 79. syn. 242. rev. 122.)
branches angular, creeping ; leaves crowded, expanded, obso-
letely triquetrous, firm, clavate, very blunt, mucronulate, green ;
peduncles rather compressed ; stigmas 5, very slender, fy . D. G.
Native of New Holland. Flowers like those of M. crassifo-
lium, but more beautiful and of a deeper red. Calyx 5-cleft ;
stigmas setaceous, green.
Small-club-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1803.
Shrub creeping.
112 M. AUSTRA'IE (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 187.) stems semi-
terete, creeping ; leaves triquetrous, glaucescent, dotted, smooth,
incurved ; peduncles bluntly 2-edged, bibracteate at the base ;
stigmas 5, subulate. Tj . D. G. Native of New Holland.
Flowers middle-sized, pale red. Calyx 5-cleft. Haw. obs. p.
349. misc. 79. syn. 241. rev. 122. M. demissum, Willd. enum.
suppl. p. 36.
Southern Fig-marigold. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1773. Pl.cr.
§ 21. Rubricaulia (ruber, red, and caulis, a stem; stems
red). Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 29. Haw. rev. p. 116. Stems stiffru-
ticose ; branches usually reddish, erect, hardly decumbent. Leaves
triquetrous, rather acinaciform, opposite, connate, rough and
serrulated at the angles. Flowers pedicellate, solitary, bractless,
deep red. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5-8.
113 M. FILAMENTOSUM (Lin. spec. 694.) stems short, de-
cumbent ; leaves compressed, triquetrous, rather acinaciform,
crowded, thick, pale green, dotted, longer than the internodes,
roughly serrulated on the edges ; flowers solitary ; stigmas 5.
Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.— Dill. elth. f.
273. Haw. obs. 380. misc. 78. syn. 238. rev. 116. Flowers
middle-sized, deep red. Calyx 5-cleft.
Filamentose Fig-marigold. Fl. Nov. Dec. Clt. 1795. Pl.pr.
114 M. SERRULA'TUM (Haw. misc. 77. syn. 239. rev. 117.)
stem shrubby, when young erect ; branches erectly decumbent ;
leaves compressed, triquetrous, rather acinaciform, and rather
glaucous, usually longer than the internodes, with the margins
minutely serrulated, but hardly cartilaginous ; flowers solitary ;
stigmas 7-8, ramentaceous. fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Flowers reddish, and ternately disposed, as in
M. rubricaule : lateral ones usually abortive.
Far. ft, viridius (Haw. 1. c.) leaves green.
Serrulate-\ea\ed Fig-marigold. Fl. Nov. Dec. Clt. 1795.
Shrub pr.
115 M. RUBRICAU'LE (Haw. misc. p. 77. syn. 239. rev. 117.)
stem shrubby, when young erectish ; branches opposite, rather
effuse ; leaves compressed, triquetrous, usually shorter than the
internodes, cartilaginous and serrulated on the margins ; flowers
solitary ; stigmas 5, expanded. Jj . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Willd. enum. p. 536. Flowers middle-sized,
pale purple. There is a more dense variety, and a greenish one.
Red-stemmed Fig-marigold. Fl. Feb. Dec. Clt. 1802. PI. pr.
§ 22. Acinaciformia (from aKivanrif, akinakes, a Persian
sword or scymitar, and forma, form ; shape of leaves). Salm-
Dyck. obs. p. 20. Haw. rev. p. 118. — Reptdntia majbra,
Haw. syn. p. 233. Stems suffruticose, robust, rather decumbent ;
branches angular, prostrate, or decumbent. Leaves opposite,
connate a short nay at the base, acinaciform, triquetrous, thick.
Flowers solitary, terminal, large, reddish (or as in M. edule yel-
low]. Fruit Jleshy. Stigmas 6-10.
116 M. EDU'LE (Lin. spec. 695.) branches expanded, with
quite entire angles ; leaves equally triquetrous, dotless, a little
channelled, attenuated at both ends, with the keel serrulated ;
stigmas 8. >j . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. —
Dill. elth. 272. Seb. thes. 1. t. 19. f. 6. Haw. obs. 392.
misc. 76. syn. 234. rev. 110. Flowers large, yellow. Calyx
5-cleft. Capsule 8-celled, with the baccate calyx edible. Rarely
flowering in the gardens.
Edible Fig-marigold or Hottentot Fig. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
1690. Shrub pr.
117 M. ACINACIFORME (Lin. spec. 695.) stems rather pro-
cumbent, long ; leaves opposite, compressed, triquetrous, acina-
ciform, rather curled at the edges, and roughish ; flowers soli-
tary, terminal ; stigmas 12-17. Jj . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope.— Dill. elth. f. 270, 271. Andr. bot. rep. 508.
Salisb. par. t. 90. Haw. obs. 397. misc. 76. syn. 233. rev. 118.
FICOIDE^E. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.
135
Flowers large, reddish. There are two varieties of this species,
one with short and the other with longer branches.
Scymitar-formed-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt.
1714. Shrub pr.
118 M. LSVIGA'TUM (Haw. syn. 233. rev. 118.) stems rather
procumbent, long ; leaves acinaciform, smooth, glaucous, with
cartilaginous, entire margins. I? . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Flowers unknown. Allied to M. acinaciforme,
but differs in being smaller, and the branches being angular, &c.
Smooth Fig-marigold. Fl. June. Clt. 1802. PI. pr.
119 M. RUBROCI'NCTUM (Haw. syn. p. 284. rev. 118.) stems
rather procumbent, long ; leaves acinaciform, with rough red
edges and keel, fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. There is a variety of this species with thicker and more
compressed leaves.
Red-bordered-\eaved Fig-marigold. Fl. May. Clt. 1811. Pl.pr.
120 M. SUBALA'TUM (Haw. misc. 76. syn. 235. rev. 199.)
branches 2-edged at the apex, somewhat undulately winged ;
leaves compressed, triquetrous, equal-sided, dotless, rather aci-
naciform, with cartilaginous margins, which are scabrous on both
sides, fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
unknown, but probably reddish.
Rather-ninged Fig-marigold. Clt, 1796. Shrub pr.
121 M. LA'CERUM (Salm-Dyck. obs. 1820. p. 31.) stem
shrubby, erect ; branches erectly spreading, 2-edged ; leaves
rather acinaciform, acutely triquetrous, rather compressed, glau-
cous, full of pellucid dots : with the keel lacerately toothed ;
stigmas 10, very short, approximate. If.. D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. M. acinaciforme, D. C. pi. grass, t.
80. M. dimidiatum, and probably M. lacerum, Haw. rev. 119.
and 131. M. Milleri, Willd. enum. suppl. 31. and M. gladiatum,
Jacq. ex Salm-Dyck. Flowers large, red, opening in the sun ; pe-
tals linear, very numerous. Calyx 5-cleft ; lobes leaf-formed.
Stigmas for the most part 10, but sometimes even to the number
of 20.
Jagged-keeled Fig-marigold. Clt. ? Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
122 M. VIRENS (Haw. rev. 121.) stem erectish ; branches at
length spreading ; leaves compressed, triquetrous, rather acina-
ciform, smooth, dotted, green, pustulate on the inside at the
base, having the keel roughish at the apex. Tj . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers reddish, disposed by
threes. This species hardly belongs to this section, according
to Salm-Dyck.
Green Fig-marigold. Fl. June. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 foot.
§ 23. Carnicaulia (from caro, carnis, flesh, and caulis, a stem ;
stems fleshy while young). Haw. inphil. mag. dec. 1826. p. 330.
Stems usually elongated, weak, prostrate, and creeping: when
young thick and fleshy. Leaves triquetrous, with the sides nearly
equal, thick, usually soft. Flmvers solitary, terminal, reddish,
large, showy, and hexagynous. Capsule pulpy on the outside,
even when ripe.
123 M. *:auiLATERAxi,E (Haw. misc. 77. syn. 237. rev. 120.)
stems weak, prostrate ; leaves almost equally triquetrous, green-
ish ; peduncles angular, thickening towards the top ; calyx 5-
cleft ; stigmas C, short, erect. Tj . D. G. Native of New
Holland. Flowers showy, reddish.
far. ft, decdgynum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 429.) stigmas 10;
branches shorter.
Equal-sided-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1791. Sh. pr.
124 M. GLAUCE'SCENS (Haw. syn. p. 236. rev. 120.) stems
robust, decumbently prostrate ; young leaves a little incurved,
triquetrous, with the sides equal, soft, glaucous : with cartilagi-
nous, smoothish margins ; flowers solitary, sessile ; stigmas 7.
t? . D. G. Native of New Holland. Branches furrowed at
the top. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals pale purple.
Glaucescent Fig-marigold. Fl. July. Clt. 1 804. Sh. pr.
125 M. Rossn (Haw. rev. p. 120.) stems decumbently pros-
trate ; leaves acinaciform, or compressedly triquetrous, glau-
cescent, with red, smooth, cartilaginous edges. lj . D. G.
Native of Van Diemen's Land. Flowers unknown. Very like
M. glaucescens.
Ross's Fig-marigold. Clt. 1820. Shrub pr.
126 M. ABBREVIA'TUM (Haw. in phil. mag. dec. 1826. p.
330.) plant tufted ; stems short, coarse, and prostrate, crowded ;
leaves acutely triquetrous, thick, green, much longer than the
internodes, which are short. Ij . D. G. Native of New Hol-
land. This species comes very near to M. glaucescens, but the
leaves are more crowded. Flowers not seen.
<S7ior<-stemmed Fig-marigold. Clt. 1825. Shrub pr.
127 M. VIRE'SCENS (Haw. syn. p. 236. rev. 120.) stems de-
cumbently prostrate ; leaves triquetrous, with the sides nearly
equal, greenish ; peduncles terminal, solitary, 2-edged, winged ;
calyx 4-cleft ; stigmas 8, filiform. Tj . D. G. Native of New
Holland. Corolla showy, pale red ; petals white at the base,
and obtuse at the apex.
Greenish Fig-marigold. Fl. June. Clt. 1804. Shrub pr.
SUBDIVISION IV. PERFOLIA'TA (from per, through, and folium,
a leaf; stem running through the leaves). Haw. rev. p. 123.
Usually erect shrubs, with erect or decumbent branches. Leaves
opposite, connate, and sheathing at the base, usually triquetrous
towards the top, and for the most part hooked at the apex.
Flowers white, red, or reddish. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5.
§ 24. Forfcata (from forfex, a pair of scissors ; form and
disposition of leaves). Salm-Dyck, obs. p. 33. — Forficata Ge«
minata, 8fc. Haw. Stems frutescent ; branches erect or decum-
bent. Leaves opposite, triquetrous, compressed, scissor -shaped,
erect, with the carinal angle drawn out. Flowers reddish, soli-
tary, on short peduncles. Calyx 5-cleft ; petals very narrow.
Stigmas 5, short, thick.
128 M. HETEROPHY'LLUM (Haw. misc. 67. syn. 294. rev. 128.)
stem shrubby, short ; branches crowded, ascending ; leaves
crowded, glaucous, compressed, triquetrous, rather acinaciform :
with cartilaginous edges, and a jagged keel ; petals unequal,
shorter than the calyx, which is large and 5-horned ; stigmas 5,
very short. Jj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Willd. enum. suppl. 36. Petals white.
Various-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1794.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
129 M. MUTA'BILE (Haw. obs. 377. misc. 74. syn. 294. rev.
133.) stem shrubby, erect; branches 2-edged; leaves nearly
distinct, crowded, triquetrous, dotted : with a cartilaginous, entire
keel; petals subulate; stigmas 5, short, thick. Ij . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers reddish.
Changeable Fig-marigold. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1792. Sh. l^ft.
130 M. GLAUCI'NUM (Haw. suppl. 97. rev. 132.) stem
shrubby, erect ; leaves much crowded, compressed, triquetrous,
rather acinaciform, glaucescent, entire, with subcartilaginous
edges, a little dotted ; petals subulate ; stigmas 5, short, thick.
^2 . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers red-
dish. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from M. mutabde.
Glaucous Fig-marigold. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt.? Shrub 1| ft.
131 M. MARGINA'TUM (Haw. obs. p. 412. misc. p. 73. syn.
294. rev. 123.) stem dwarf; branches erect; leaves triquetrous,
rather acinaciform, glaucous, with whitened margins, fy . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stem 4 inches high. Leaves
small. Flowers unknown.
White-edged-\ea.\e& Fig-marigold. Clt. 1793. Shrub | ft.
132 M. INCLU'DENS (Haw. syn. 295. rev. 133.) stem shrubby :
leaves triquetrous, rather deltoid, smooth, green, with a gibbous
13G
FICOIDE.E. I. MESEMBRYANTHIIMCM.
crenulated keel ; inner petals very short, and imbricated. ^.
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Andr. hot. rep.
t. 381. Sims. hot. mac;. 1663. Flowers deep red, always ex-
panded. Petals broader than in any of the allied species.
Stigmas 6, thick.
Encompassing Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1805. Sh.
1 to 2 feet.
133 M. FORFICA'TUM (Lin. spec. 695.) stems suffrutescent,
decumbent ; leaves opposite, compressed, triquetrous, green,
ending in a spinulose mucrone at the apex ; peduncles angular ;
petals in 1 series ; stigmas 5, very short. Tj . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. obs. 394. descript. misc.
p. 78. syn. 280. rev. 123. Jacq. vind. 1. t. 26. M. filamen-
tosum ft, D. C. Petals purplish, with a deeper-coloured keel.
Scksor-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1758.
Shrub decumbent.
134 M. GEMINA'TUM (Haw. misc. p. 92. syn. 280. rev. 123.)
stem suffruticose, dwarf; branchlets dichotomous, ascending;
leaves connate a long way, triquetrous, erect, glaucous, smooth,
cartilaginous at the margins. I? . D. G. Naiive of the Cape
of Good Hope. Flowers unknown, but probably white.
TWn-shooted Fig-marigold. Clt. 1792. Shrub 1 foot.
§ 25. Rostellata (from rostellum, a little beak ; leaves tipped
with a little beak). Haw. rev. p. 123. Stems prostrate. Leaves
terete, subulate, connate at the base, recurved. Flowers white and
red. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5.
135 M. ROSTELLA'IUM (Haw. rev. 123.) stems branched,
prostrate ; leaves beaked, connate, semi-terete, subulate, recurved,
dotted, green ; peduncles clavate, bibi'acteate at the base ; stig-
mas 5, spreading, fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Calyx with .5 long lobes. Corolla expanded before meridian,
whitish, tipped with red.
Little-beaked-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1820. Sh. pr.
§ 26. Uncinata (from uncinalus, hooked ; points of leaves).
Haw. rev. 124. — Perfoliata, Salm-Dyck, obs. p. 24. — Perfoliata
axillaria, Ham. syn. 281. Stems shrubby, erect; branches hard.
Leaves opposite, dotted, connate and sheathing at the base ;
theaths obconical, Jleshy, covering the internodes ; limbs of leaves
rather triquetrous at the apex, acute, toothed under the keel.
Floriferous branches axillary,, \-jlorvered. Flowers middle-sized,
reddish. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5-7.
136 M. PERFOLIA'TUM (Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 19.) stem
shrubby, erect, with few branches ; leaves connate and sheath-
ing at the base, rather decurrent, triquetrous, hard, whitish -glau-
cous, dotted, acuminated at the apex, recurved ; keel tridentate
beneath. Fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw.
misc. 92. syn. 281. rev. 124. — Dill. elth. 240. Bradb. succ.
46. M. forcinatum /3, Lin. spec. 690. D. C. pi. grass, no. 54.
Flowers red.
Var. ft, monacdnthum (Bradl. succ. f. 26.) keel of leaves fur-
nished with only one tooth beneath.
Var. y, edentulum (Haw. rev. p. 125.) keel of leaves tooth-
less. Burm. afr. t. 26. f. 3.
Perfoliate-\eaved Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1714.
Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
137 M. UNCINE'LLUM (Salm-Dyck, in lift, and Haw. rev. p.
124.) stem shrubby, erect, with numerous branches; leaves con-
nate and sheathing at the base, rather decurrent, triquetrous,
thick, whitisli, dotted, recurved at the apex ; keel furnished with
one tooth beneath. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope — Dill. elth. f. 239. Flowers reddish.
Small-hooked-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1819.
Shrub 1 foot.
138 M. SEMIDENTATUM (Haw. suppl. 95. rev. 125.) stem
shrubby, with simple striated branches ; leaves connate and
sheathing at the base, triquetrous, compressed, white, dotted ;
keel furnished with 1-4 teeth. fj . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Salm-Dyck, obs. 1820. p. 9. Leaves 2 inches
long. Flowers on short peduncles, reddish. Differs in the
length of the leaves from M. perfoliatum.
Half-loolhed-\ea\ed Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 1 foot.
139 M. UNCIKA'TUM (Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 18.) stem shrubby,
erect ; leaves connate, and sheathing at the base, rather decur-
rent, green, dotted, triquetrous, furnished with 2 spines under-
neath at the apex. Jj • D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Bradl. succ. f. 27. M. uncinatum a, Lin. spec. 692.
D. C. pi. grass, t. 54. Flowers red.
Hooked-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1725. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
140 M. VI'RIDE (Haw. obs. p. 314. misc. 93. syn. 282. rev.
126.) stem shrubby; leaves connate and sheathing at the base,
quite entire, deep green, dotless, smooth, uncinately recurved at
the apex ; stigmas 7, subulate. (5 . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Peduncles clavate, bibracteate, axillary. Calyx
5-cleft. Petals pale red, expanded both by night and by day.
Green Fig-marigold. Fl. July. Clt. 1792. Shrub 1 foot.
141 M. U'NIDENS (Haw. in phil. mag. Dec. 1826. p. 331.)
plant depressed, stiff ; branches crowded ; leaves rather acinaci-
form, white, with large dots ; keel bearing one tooth near the
top. fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves
less perfoliate than any other of the section. Flowers not seen.
One-toothed Fig-marigold. Clt. 1 824. Shrub A to 1 foot.
§ 27. Paniculata (from panicula, a panicle; disposition of
flowers). Ham. syn. 283. Salm-Dyck, obs. p. 33. — Vaginata,
Lineala, and Tumidula, Ham. rev. 126-129. Shrubby, erect ;
branches hard. Leaves connate and sheathing at the base, with
the longitudinal lines of the sheath more or less distinct, for the
most part glaucous and triquetrous. Flowers panicled, numerous.
Peduncles bracteate. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5. Petals nthite,
rarely reddish.
142 M. TUMIDULUM (Haw. syn. p. 286. rev. p. 129.) stem
erect, with spreading branches ; leaves connate and sheathing at
the base, remote, green, smooth, rather recurved at the apex ;
sheaths tumid at the top. ^ . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Leaves an inch and a half long. Flowers reddish.
TumzW-sheathed Fig-marigold. Fl. March. Clt. 1802. Shrub
2 feet.
143 M. FOLIOSUM (Haw. misc. 97. syn. 287. rev. 130.) stem
erect, much branched ; branches crowded, hardly erect ; leaves
connate and sheathing at the base, rather glaucous, smooth,
crowded, obtuse, ending in a rather recurved mucrone ; sheaths
thickened at the top. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Leaves an inch long. Petals reddish, with a deeper
coloured line. Stigmas 5, expanded at length.
Leafy Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1802. Shrub 2 to 3 ft.
144 M. UMBELLA^TUM (Lin. spec. 689.) stem erect, with
erectly spreading branches ; leaves connate and sheathing at the
base, remote, nearly terete, and rather glaucous, scabrous from
dots, slender, recurved at the apex ; sheaths tumid at the apex.
Vi . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.— Dill. elth. f.
266. Haw. obs. p. 336. misc. 97. syn 287. rev. 129. Leaves
1-2 inches long. Peduncles furnished with 2 bracteas. Flowers
middle-sized, white. Stigmas 5, erect.
Var. ft, apetalum (Haw. rev. p. 129.) petals wanting. M.
anomalum, Willd. enum. p. 531. suppl. p. 36.
Umbellate-fioviered Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1727.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
145 M. IMBRICA'TUM (Haw. obs. p. 317. misc. 96. syn. 285.
FICOIDE.iE. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.
137
rev. 128.) stem and branches erect, subtetragonal ; leaves
connate and sheathing at the base, glaucous, remote, smooth,
dotted, rather compressed, triquetrous ; calyx turbinate, much
attenuated at the base. ^ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Peduncles bracteate even to the calyx. Corolla white,
nearly an inch in diameter. Leaves nearly an inch long.
Far. ft, majus (Haw. syn. 285.) leaves green, an inch and a
half long.
Jmbricated-\eaved Fig-marigold. Fl. July. Clt. 1792. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
146 M. MULTIFLORUM (Haw. obs. p. 318. misc. 96. syn. 285.
rev. p. 128.) stem and branches erect; leaves connate and
sheathing at the base, remote, glaucous, somewhat compressed,
triquetrous, smooth, dotted ; calyx cylindrical, hardly attenuated
at the base. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Peduncles bracteate even at the calyx. Flowers white, larger
than those of M. imbricatum. — Pluk. phyt. t. 117. f. 1.
Var. ft, rubrum (Haw. suppl. 95.) flowers reddish ; leaves
greenish. Perhaps a proper species.
Var. y, minus (Haw. rev. p. 128.) leaves glaucous ; calyx tur-
binate, much attenuated at the base. Perhaps a variety of M.
imbricatum.
Var. S, patens (Haw. 1. c.) stem spreading ; flowers solitary.
M. patens, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 37.
Var. e, miens (Haw. 1. c.) smooth ; branches spreading ; leaves
green. Perhaps a proper species.
Many-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1792.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
147 M. RIGIDUM (Haw. misc. 95. syn. 283. rev. 127.) stem
erect ; branches very stiff, spreading a little ; leaves connate, and
sheathing at the base, horizontal, and are, as well as the sheaths,
glabrous, but with the keel scabrous at the apex. T? . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Allied to M. tenellum.
Leaves 3 lines long. Peduncles bracteate nearly to the apex.
Petals snow white, shining.
Stiff Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1793. Shrub 1 foot.
148 M. TENELLUM (Haw. obs. 315. misc. 94. syn. 283. rev.
127.) stem erect, bushy; branches filiform, decumbent ; leaves
connate and sheathing at the base, rather spreading, slender,
and are, as well as the sheaths, scabrous at the margins. >j . D.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers panicled,
snow white. Calyx 4-5-cleft. Stigmas 5, erect, subulate. Leaves
3 lines long, glaucous.
Pliant Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1792. Shrub 1 foot.
149 M. CU'KTUM (Haw. syn. p. 334. rev. 126.) stem erect,
bushy ; leaves connate and sheathing at the base, usually ap-
proximate, incurved, smooth, green, with the angles rough at the
top. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
unknown, but probably white.
Var. ft, poltium (Haw. rev. p. 126.) less smooth, and leaves
shorter. M. vaginatum ft, Haw. syn. p. 284. Perhaps a pro-
per species according to Haw. in phil. mag. 64. p. 424.
Var. y, minus (D. C. prod. 3. p. 432.) smaller in all its parts.
M. hamatum, Willd. ex Haw. Perhaps a proper species.
Short- sheathed Fig-marigold. Shrub 1 to 1-J foot.
150 M. ACUTA'NGULUM (Haw. in phil. mag. 64. p. 424.) stem
erect, bushy ; leaves connate and sheathing at the base, forming
a kind of rectangle, triquetrous, acuminated, incurved, green,
with roughish margins, tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Allied to M. curium, but much more dwarf.
Flowers unknown.
Acute-angled Fig-marigold. Clt. 1821. Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
151 M. VAGINA'TUM (Haw. misc. 95. syn. 284. exclusive of
var. ft, rev. 127. but not of Lam.) stem erect, bushy ; leaves
spreading, straight, remote, triquetrous, rather recurved at the
apex, and are, as well as the sheaths, green and glabrous, but
VOL. III.
with the angles rough near the top. t? . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers panicled, white, small, numerous.
Leaves an inch long.
Sheathed Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1802. Shrub
1| foot.
152 M. PARVIFLORUM (Haw. misc. 95. syn. 284. rev. 127.
but not of Jacq.) stems and branches erect; leaves connate and
sheathing at the base, glabrous, erectish ; keel finely serrulated.
*?. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Peduncles
bracteate even to the calyx. Corolla -white, small. Leaves half
an inch long.
Small-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
153 M. LINEOLA'TUM (Haw, rev. p. 130.) stem short, depres-
sed ; branches spreading ; leaves connate, incurved and a little re-
curved, obtuse, triquetrous, with nearly equal sides, and having
the keel roughish at the apex ; sheaths with a short impressed
line, fy . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
small, terminal at the tops of the branches, solitary. Pe-
duncles an inch long, compressed, smooth, bibracteate at the
base. Calyx 5-cleft, wrinkled. Petals in one series, ob-
tuse, reddish, with a deeper coloured middle line, expanded,
rather incurved. Stamens collected ; filaments white at the
base, and reddish at the apex ; anthers pale yellow. Styles 5,
subulate, diverging in a stellate manner. This is rather an ano-
malous species, but it approaches nearest to the section Uncinata.
Var. ft, minus (Haw. 1. c.) margins of leaves roughish.
Var. y, nitens (Haw. 1. c.) leaves shining, greener.
Lined- sheathed Fig-marigold. Fl.Jul.Sep. Clt.1819. Sh.^ft.
SUBDIVISION V. TRIQUE'TRA (from triquetrus, triangular ;
triangular leaves). Haw. rev. 135. Subshrubs. Leaves oppo-
site, distinct more or less, triquetrous. Flowers usually soli-
tary, terminal. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5.
§ 28. Deltoidea (in reference to the leaves having the out-
line of a Greek A). Salm-Dyck, obs. 32. — Muricata, Han.
rev. 133. — Carinalia, Han. syn. 292. exclusive of some species.
Stems shrubby, branched, erect. Leaves opposite, nearly dis-
tinct, glaucous, deltoid, that is, short, thick, and triquetrous : with
the angles muricately toothed. Flowers numerous, aggregate,
rose-coloured, small, and sweet-scented.
154 M. CAULE'SCENS (Mill. diet. ed. 8. p. 12.) stem erect,
branched ; leaves much crowded, glaucous, rather long, trique-
trously deltoid, with the sides hardly toothed, and the keel en-
tire. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Dill,
elth. f. 243, 244. M. caulescens, Haw. obs. 367. misc. 74.
syn. 296. rev. 133. M. deltoides ft simplex, D. C. pi. grass.
no. 53. Flowers red, sweet-scented. Stigmas 5, short, thick,
erect.
Caulescent Fig-marigold. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1731. Shrub
14 foot.
155 M. DELTOIDES (Mill. diet. ed. 8. p. 13.) stem erect,
branched ; leaves crowded, very glaucous, triquetrous, deltoid,
trifariously toothed ; keel of the bracteas and the lobes of the
calyx entire. Jj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
D. C. pi. grass, t. 53. — Dill. elth. f. 245. and 247. M. deltoides
a, Lin. spec. 690. Haw. misc. 74. syn. 296. rev. 133. Flowers
red. Very like M. caulescens.
Devoid-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. May. Clt. 1731. Sh. 1£ ft.
156 M. MURICA'TUM (Haw. obs. p. 364. misc. 75. syn. 297.
rev. 133.) stem erect, branched ; leaves crowded, deltoid, glau-
cous, and are, as well as the bracteas, and lobes of calyx trifa-
riously denticulated. lj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope — Dill. elth. f. 246. Flowers red. Very like the two
138
FICOIDE^E. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.
preceding species, but smaller. Stigmas erect, hardly the length
of the filaments. Capsule more depressed.
Muricated Fig-marigold. Fl. May. Clt. 1731. Sh. 1£ foot.
§ 29. Falcata (from falcatus, hooked ; leaves hooked or fal-
cate). Han. misc. p. 69. — Lunata and Falcata, Salm-Dyck, obs.
31. and 32. Lunata, Pallid/flora, and Glomerata, Haw. rev.
135. 138. Stems fruticose or suffruticose ; branches erect or di-
varicate. Leaves opposite, distinct, compressed, triquetrous, fal-
cate, glaucous, usually dotted. Flowers pedunculate, flesh-colour-
ed or pale red.
* Flowers aggregate, reddish.
157 M. MA'XIMUM (Haw. obs. p. 402. misc. 66. syn. 292. rev.
135.) stem woody, erect, bushy; leaves crowded, large, very
much compressed, triquetrous, incurvedly half-moon shaped,
quite glaucous, obtuse, full of pellucid dots, half-stem-clasping.
1j . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Andr. bot.
rep. t. 358. Willd. enum. 539. Flowers small, terminal. Pe-
duncles bibracteate. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla reddish.
Largest Fig-marigold. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1787. Sh. l|ft.
158 M. LUNA'TUM (Willd. enum. p. 538.) stem woody, erect;
branches aggregate ; leaves small, much crowded, dotless, rather
connate, compressed, triquetrous, incurvedly half-moon shaped.
Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. rev. 136.
Flowers rose-coloured.
Lunate-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. July. Clt. 1812. Sh. 1 ft.
159 M. FALCIFORME (Haw. syn. 299. rev. 127.) stem suffru-
ticose, at length decumbent ; leaves much crowded, small, thick,
falcate, acinaciform, glaucous, largely toothed ; flowers some-
what fastigiate. I? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Flowers reddish, showy, an inch and a half in diameter.
Sickle-formed-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1S05.
Shrub 1-J foot.
160 M. FALCA'TUM (Lin. spec. 694.) stem woody, erect;
branches numerous, panicled, filiform ; leaves minute, distinct,
compressed, triquetrous, falcate, rather glaucous, fj . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.— Dill. elth. f. 275. and 276.
Haw. obs. 366. misc. 72. syn. 298. rev. 136. Flowers small,
numerous, pale red, expanded through the day, sweet scented.
Falcate-\ea\eA Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1727.
Shrub 1 foot.
161 M. VIRGA'TUM (Haw. misc. p. 88. syn. 290. rev. 142.)
stem suffruticose, weak ; branches twiggy, distant ; leaves com-
pressed, triquetrous, acute, rather glaucous, remote, dotted ;
flowers few. fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
M. compressum, Haw. obs. 416. not 326. Flowers small, light
red. Stigmas 5, longer than the filaments, subulate, revolute.
Peduncles bractless.
Twiggy Fig-marigold. Fl. Feb. Apr. Clt. 1793. Sh. 2 to 3 ft.
* Flowers solitary, rose-coloured or pale red.
162 M. DECU'MBENS (Haw. obs. 352. misc, 69. syn. 300. rev.
136.) branches much crowded, decumbent; leaves compressed,
triquetrous, incurved, attenuated at both ends, very glaucous.
>j D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers 2 inches
in diameter, almost white, or very pale red.
Decumbent Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1759. Shrub
decumbent.
163 M. INCU'RVUM (Haw. misc. p. 69. syn. 300. rev. 136.)
stem suffruticose, erect ; branches slender, effuse, leafy ; leaves
compressed, triquetrous, very glaucous, attenuated at both ends,
acinaciform. >j . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Flowers pale red.
Par-ft, dildtans (Haw. syn. 300. rev. 137.) leaves gibbously
dilated below, at length deflexed.
Var. y, roseum (Willd. enum. p. 535.) leaves obtuse, attenu-
ated at the base.
Var. (>, multiradiatum (Jacq. fragm. t. 53. f. 2.) leaves acute,
spreading, blunt on the back.
/ncaruerf-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. June. Clt. 1802. Sh. 1| ft.
164 M. CONFE'RTUM (Haw. syn. p. 301. rev. 137.) stem
erect, much branched ; leaves triquetrous, crowded, robust, in-
curved, very glaucous. fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Flowers showy, pale red. Perhaps only a variety of M.
incurvum.
Crowded Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1805. Sh. 1£ ft.
§ 30. Stena (from GTCVOS, stenos, narrow; leaves and petals).
Haw. in phil. mag. Sept. 1831. Small subshrubs, with the
branches nearly half a foot high, effuse, and are, as well as the.
leaves, Jilif arm. Petals very narrow, or setaceous, very pale red.
165 M. STE'NUM (Haw. in phil. mag. 1831. p. 420.) branches
effusely decumbent, flexuous, filiform ; leaves slender, falcately
incurved, triquetrously terete, mucronate, with few dots, glau-
cescent ; flowers 1 or 3 together, terminal. fj . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers expanding before meridian,
of a violaceous reddish-colour.
Narrow Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1829. Shrub ^ foot.
166 M. DE BILE (Haw. in phil. mag. Nov. 1826. p. 331.)
smooth ; branches filiform, a little compressed ; leaves crowded
at the nodes of the replant stems, bluntly and acinaciformly tri-
quetrous, glaucescent; flowers few, terminal. J? . D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers very pale red, or
nearly white, expanding before meridian.
Weak Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. July. Clt. 1824. PI. creeping.
§ 31. Microphylla (from fiiKpot, micros, small, and <f>v\\ov,
phyllon, a leaf; in reference to the small leaves of the species).
Salm-Dyck, obs. 33. Hani. rev. 134. syn. 297. exclusive of some
species. Plants small, suffruticose, much branched; branches
very humble, procumbent, divaricate. Leaves very small, con-
nate, triquetrous, mucronale, crowded, remaining on the plant
even when dried. Flowers solitary, small, reddish.
167 M. MICROPHY'LLUM (Haw. obs. 417. syn. 297. rev. 134.)
stem short, densely branched, decumbent ; leaves connate, tri-
quetrous, acuminated, a little awned, green, dotted, pustulate on
the inside at the base ; flowers solitary on short peduncles. 1? .
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small,
reddish. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5-6, green, with spreading
subulate tops.
Small-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. May. Clt. 1795. Sh. dec.
168 M. MUCRONA'TUM (Haw. misc. 73. syn. 297. rev. 134.)
stem very short, erect, branched ; leaves oblong-ovate, trique-
trous at the apex, connate at the base, glaucescent, terminating
in a white mucrone, coarsely dotted. Jj . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown. Leaves 3 lines long.
./l/ucronate-leaved Fig-marigold. Clt. 1794. Sh. i to i ft.
169 M. PYGSI^UM (Haw. suppl. 99. rev. 134.) stem very
short, branched ; leaves connate at the base, oblong-ovate, semi-
terete, awnless, in winter united nearly to the top. fj . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown, but pro-
bably pale red.
Pygmy Fig-marigold. Clt. 1805. Shrub -J- foot.
170 M. PULCHE'LLUM (Haw. misc. 72. syn. 298.) stems de-
cumbent ; leaves acutely triquetrous, with equal sides, somewhat
boat-shaped, hoary, obsoletely dotted, ciliated with pubescence
on the angles, but especially on the keel, terminating in a re-
curved mucrone. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
M. canescens, Haw. rev. 135. M. pulchellum, Willd. enum.
537. Corollas small, red. Stigmas 5, subulate, longer than the
filaments, greenish, recurved at the apex.
FICOIDEjE. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.
139
Var. /3, revolutum (Haw. rev. p. 135.) branches secund, re-
curved.
Neat Fig-marigold. Fl. April. Clt. 1793. Shrub dec.
§ 32. Scabrlda (a dim. of scaber, rough ; rough or scabrous
leaves). Han. misc. 71. — Scabra, Salm-Dyck, obs. 27. — Asperi-
folia, Ham. rev. 138. Stems suffruticose ; branches expanded,
jiliform. Leaves more or less triquetrous, rather compressed, sca-
brous from dots, usually a little incurved. Flowers pedunculate,
reddish, middle-sized.
* Stamens collected.
171 M. SCA'BRUM (Lin. spec. 692.) stem shrubby, branched;
leaves rather triquetrous, green, straight, very rough from shin-
ing warts ; lobes of calyx ovate, acuminated ; petals crenated at
the apex ; stamens collected. Jj . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. — Dill. elth. f. 251.— Haw. obs. 345. misc. 71.
syn. 267. rev. 138. Flowers rose-coloured.
Var. ft, purpureum ; flowers purple.
Scabrous Fig-marigold. Fl. July. Clt. 1731. Sh. 1 foot.
172 M. VERSI'COLOR (Haw. misc. 71. syn. 268. rev. 139.)
stem shrubby, branched ; leaves almost triquetrous, glaucescent,
scabrous from warts ; lobes of calyx ovate, acuminated ; petals
somewhat bidentate at the apex ; stamens collected. Tj . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals variable, expanding
in the heat of the sun, of a shining white or silvery colour, but
when closed in the morning and evening they are pale reddish.
Party-coloured- flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Aug. Clt.
1795. Shrub 1 foot.
173 M. RETROFLE'XUM (Haw. misc. 71. syn. 269. rev. 139.)
stem suffruticose ; branches decumbent ; bark white ; leaves
rather triquetrous, very glaucous, scabrous ; lobes of calyx re-
troflexed ; petals distant ; stamens collected. Tj . D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. M. emarginatoides, Haw. obs.
343. M. leptaleum, Haw. rev. 140. and perhaps M. elegans,
Jacq. schcenbr. 4. p. 18. which is referred to by the Prince de
Salm-Dyek, and therefore it is M. deflexum of Salm-Dyck, obs.
27. but not of Haworth. Petals reddish.
Retroflexed-calyxed Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1724.
Shrub dec.
174 M. I'MBRICANS (Haw. suppl. p. 94.) stem erect, shrubby;
leaves linear, obsoletely triquetrous, smoothish, of a whitish
glaucous-colour, imbricately crowded at the tops of the canes-
cent branches. Ij . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Flowers red. Said to be allied to M. retrqflexum.
Imbricating-le-dved Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1818.
Shrub 1 foot.
175 M. DEFLt'xuM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 187.) stems shrubby,
rather crowded, deflexed ; leaves rather triquetrous, glaucous,
roughish, attenuated downwards ; petals numerous, much imbri-
cated ; stamens collected. ^ . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Haw. obs. 347. misc. 71. syn. 269. exclusive of
the synonymes, rev. 140. There are two varieties of this species,
the one having the petals pale reddish and purple at the base,
the other having the petals of a deeper colour.
Dejtexed-brar.ched Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1774.
Shrub 1 foot.
* Stamens expanded.
176 M. POLYA'NTHUM (Haw. sy'n. 270. rev. 140.) branches
bushy, expanded, crowded ; bark on young stems rufous ; leaves
small, glaucous, triquetrous, scabrous ; flowers very numerous,
panicled ; petals imbricated. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Flowers small, very pale red. M. flexile, Haw.
rev. 141. is only a variety of this species in a younger state,
which has been confirmed by Salm-Dyck.
Many-flowered Fig marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1803. Shrub
1 to li foot.
177 M. POLYPHY'LLUM (Haw. rev. 141.) branches bushy, de-
cumbent, assurgent ; leaves much glomerated, rather robust,
somewhat incurvedly recurved, clavately and bluntly trique-
trous, compressed, scabrous from dots, glaucous, fj . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers pale red. Sta-
mens expanded, as in M. emarginalum. Like M. deflexum, but
double the size.
Many-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1819. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
178 M. VIOLA' CEUM (D. C. pi. grass, t. 84.) stem shrubby,
erect ; branches expanded ; leaves triquetrously semi- terete,
rough from dots, acute, glaucous; peduncles 1-flowered, naked
or bracteate at the very base ; lobes of calyx spreading, unarmed,
but prickle-formed. Pj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Haw. rev. 141. M. parvifolium, Lam. diet. 2. p. 482.
exclusive of the synonymes. M. pumceum, Jacq. schoenbr. t.
442. Flowers flesh-coloured, expanding in the heat of the sun.
Stamens not collected, but rather expanded.
Violaceous-branched Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
179 M. EMAitGiNAvTUM (Lin. spec. 692.) branches expanded ;
leaves triquetrous, scabrous, glaucescent ; peduncles bibracteate ;
lobes of calyx unarmed, but spine-formed ; petals deeply emar-
ginated at the apex. Jj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope.— Dill. elth. f. 250. — Haw. obs. 340. misc. 70. syn. 268.
rev. 142. Flowers pale red, like those of M. violaceum. Sta-
mens expanded.
Emarginate-ipetaNed Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1732.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
§ S3. Bracteata (bracteatus, bracteate ; flowers girded by
bracteas). Salm-Dyck, obs. 28. Han. rev. 143. — Adunca Inclau-
dentia, Han. syn. 288. Stems erect, shrubby; branches much
compressed. Leaves distinct, triquetrous, hooked at the apex,
more or less scabrous from dots. Flowers girded by 2-4 broadly
ovate keeled bracteas, nthich clasp the calyx, solitary, reddish,
always expanded; inner petals thread-formed.
180 M. BRACTEAVTUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 185.) stem
shrubby, erect ; branches compressed, of a reddish brown
colour ; leaves green, triquetrous ; bracteas 4, broadly ovate,
keeled, clasping the calyx. J? . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Haw. misc. 90. syn. 289. rev. 143. Lodd. bot.
cab. 251. Petals reddish, white at the base.
Bracteate Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1774. Shrub
lifoot.
181 M. A'NCEPS (Haw. syn. 289. rev. 143.) stem shrubby;
branches decumbent, 2-edged, of a brownish canescent-colour ;
leaves acinaciformly triquetrous : sides rather membranous be-
low ; dots large, pellucid, elevated. 1? . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers of a deep red colour.
Far. ft, pd/lidum (Haw. rev. 143.) branches of a rufous cop-
pery colour ; leaves rather incurved ; petals pale reddish.
Two-edged-branched Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1811.
Shrub 1| foot.
182 M. GRA'CILE (Haw. rev. 144,) stem shrubby; branches
very slender, straight ; leaves glaucescent, slender, rather sca-
brous ; bracteas ovate, acute, almost clasping the calyx, fj .
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. stellatum, Haw.
obs. 416. misc. 91. syn. 290. but not of D. C. There are
varieties of this species with deep red, and pale red flowers.
Slender Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1794. Sh. l£ ft.
183 M. RADIA'TUM (Haw. obs. 232. misc. 90. syn. 289. rev.
144.) stem shrubby ; branches crowded; bark canescent ; leaves
glaucescent, attenuated, and hooked at the apex; bracteas
140
FICOIDE-iE. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.
broadly ovate, clasping the peduncles above. T; . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope.— Dill. elth. f. 249. Corolla reddish,
larger than those of its allies.
Ray-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1732. Sh.
1£ foot.
184 M. COMPRE'SSUM (Haw. obs. 526. not 416. misc. 91. syn.
289. rev. 144.) stem shrubby ; branches rather compressed ;
leaves glaucescent, triquetrous, with equal sides, very rough ;
bracteas ovate, acute, clasping the tops of the peduncles. Ij .
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers middle-
sized, reddish. Perhaps M. compressum, Horn. hort. hafn. 2.
p. 454. is the same species.
Compressed-branched Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Sept. Clt.
1792. Shrub l| foot.
185 M. PA'TULBM (Haw. syn. p. 334. rev. 145.) stem
shrubby ; branches hardly erect ; leaves linear, half erect, glau-
cescent, roughish from pellucid dots. Tj . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. This species comes near to M. compres-
sum, but is less stiff, the leaves shorter and thicker, and the
flowers are larger and paler.
Spreading Fig-marigold. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1811. Sh. 1| ft.
186 M. A'SPERUM (Haw. rev. p. 145.) stem shrubby; leaves
compressed, triquetrous, longish, of a bluish green-colour, full
of pellucid dots, very scabrous, hooked at the apex ; keel fur-
nished with one tooth. Jj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Flowers unknown. Perhaps this species does not be-
long to the present section.
Rough Fig-marigold. Clt. 1818. Shrub 1| foot.
187 M. SERRA'TUM (Lin. spec. 696.) stem erect, branched ;
leaves opposite, distinct, triquetrous, subulate, having the cari-
nal angle serrated, with the serratures turned backwards. fj .
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.— Dill. elth. f. 238.
Flowers solitary, terminal, pedunculate. Calyx 5-cleft, attenu-
ated at the base. Petals yellow, copper-coloured at the apex.
Stigmas 5, short, obtuse, approximate. This species was for-
merly cultivated by Dillenius, but has now vanished from the
gardens, and is therefore very little known.
Serrated-keeled Fig- marigold. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1707.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
§ 34. Conferta (from confertus, crowded thick together;
branches). Haw. syn. 240. Salm-Dyck, obs. 29. — Eximia and
Bldnda, Hani. rev. 145-147. Steins shrubby ; branches crowded,
ascending. Leaves opposite, rather connate, crowded, triquetrous,
entire, acute, with the angles smooth. Flowers pedunculate,
solitary or by threes, showy, expanding in the sun, reddish or pale
rose-coloured.
188 M. AMOZ'NUM (Salm-Dyck in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p.
436.) stem branched, shrubby ; leaves green, crowded, elon-
gated, nearly triquetrous, bluntish, with a mucrone ; flowers ter-
minal, showy, disposed by threes. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Flowers red.
Pleasing Fig-marigold. Shrub 1 foot.
189 M. FORMOSUM (Haw. rev. 145.) stems suffruticose,
humble ; branches rather decumbent, elongated ; leaves trique-
trous, long, green, glittering in sunshine, much crowded, but
more remote on the branches ; flowers terminal, disposed by
threes ; stigmas 5-6, shorter than the filaments, rather lanceolate.
lj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals beautiful
red, blunt.
Beautiful Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1828. Sh. 1ft.
190 M. SPECTA'BILE (Haw. obs. 385. misc. 68. syn. 240. rev.
145.) stems rather humble ; floriferous ones ascending or erect;
leaves glaucous, triquetrous, and are, as well as the branches,
crowded ; stigmas 5, obovate, one-half shorter than the stamens,
which are white. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Curt. bot. mag. t. 396. D. C. pi. grass, t. 153. Leaves
rather connate, sometimes furnished with one tooth at the top of
the keel. Flowers beautiful reddish, 2 inches in diameter.
Showy Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1787. Shrub 1 ft.
191 M. CONSPICUUM (Haw. syn. 240. rev. 146.) floriferous
stems erect ; leaves green, glittering in sun-shine, triquetrous,
and are, as well as the branches, crowded ; stigmas lanceolate,
length of the stamens. Jj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. M. conspicuum, Spreng. nov. prov. 27. but the leaves
are there said to be semi-terete. Flowers beautiful red.
Conspicuous Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1806. Sh. 1 ft.
192 M. TURBINAVTUM (Jacq. hort. vind. t. 476.) stem shrubby,
branched, diffuse ; leaves glaucous, elongated, acute, triquetrous,
crowded ; flowers on long peduncles, reddish ; ovarium con-
tracted into a neck beneath the calyx. fj . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Petals numerous, linear, spreading
much. Salm-Dyck. in litt.
Turbinate Fig-marigold. Shrub 1 foot.
193 M. BLA'NDUM (Haw. suppl. 95. rev. 147.) stem shrubby;
branches numerous, compressed, ascending ; leaves compressed,
triquetrous, crowded, narrow, acutish, smooth ; peduncles equal,
longer than the bracteas ; stigmas 5, short, ramentaceous. Tj .
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ker. bot. reg. 582.
Lodd. bot. cab. 599. Flowers large, at first white, but at length
rose-coloured or pale red. Branches of a rufous chestnut colour.
There are varieties of this species with glaucous and green leaves.
Bland Fig-marigold. Fl. June. Clt. 1810. Shrub 1 foot.
194 M. CURVIFOLIUM (Haw. rev. p. 47.) stem shrubby,
branches robust, terete ; leaves compressed, triquetrous, glau-
cescent ; peduncles clavate, length of bracteas ; petals incurved.
Pj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Branches ru-
fous or bay-coloured. Leaves twice the thickness of those of
M. bldndum, to which it is nearly allied, and the corolla is less
open. It is, however, perhaps only a variety of it.
Curved-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1818. Sh. l^ft.
§ 35. Cymbiformia (from cymba, a boat, and forma, form ;
leaves). Salm-Dyck, obs. p. 33. Haw. rev. 149. — Tardifldra,
Haw. syn. 261. Stems fruticose or suffruticose, with straight,
usually decussate branches. Leaves small, distinct, turgidly tri-
quetrous, obtuse, boat-shaped, short. Flowers solitary, reddish,
rose-coloured, or yellow.
195 M. TETRAGONUM (Thunb. prod. 91.) stem erect, tetra-
gonal, shrubby ; leaves cylindrically trigonal. f? . D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. rev. 149. Corolla
yellow. This species is omitted by Haworth.
Tetragonal-stemmed Fig-marigold. Shrub 1 foot.
196 M. STRICTUM (Haw. misc. 82. syn. 262. rev. 149.) stem
woody, branched, very stiff, straight ; leaves triquetrous, obtuse,
expanded, glaucescent, beset with large dots. ^ . D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. This species grows 2 or 3
feet high in the gardens, but has never yet flowered. But from
a specimen of it received from the Cape by Haworth, they are
said to be showy and yellow.
Straight Fig-marigold. Clt. 1795. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
197 M. CYMBIFORME (Haw. obs. 264. misc. 82. syn. 263.
rev. 149.) stem suffruticose ; branches erectish, filiform, crowded;
leaves triquetrous, boat-shaped, spreading, glaucous. ^ . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown. Per-
haps M. sessile, Thunb. fl. cap. 419. belongs to this species,
which Thunberg says has red flowers.
Boat-formed-\ea.\ed Fig-marigold. Clt. 1793. Sh. 1 ft.
198 M. MOLLE (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 192.) branches crowded,
2-edged, decumbent ; leaves spreading, turgidly triquetrous,
firm, canescent, with the margins blunt, and lined with dots.
t? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. obs.
FICOIDE^E. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.
141
misc. 83. syn. 261. rev. 149. Flowers solitary, red, small, and
terminal.
Soft Fig-marigold. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 foot.
199 M. THUNBE'RGII (Haw. rev. p. 150.) stem decumbent,
articulated ; leaves connate, trigonal, smooth, dotless, erect ;
flowers solitary, terminal. I? . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. M. laeVe, Thunb. fl. cap. 425. but not of Ait.
Flowers yellow. Calyx 4-cleft. Perhaps this species belongs
to another division of the genus.
Thunberg's Fig-marigold. Shrub decumbent.
200 M. CYMBIFOLIUM (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. vol. 64. p.
424.) stem shrubby, erectish ; branches few, 2-edged, hoary ;
leaves trigonal, boat-shaped, pale green, beset with large dots.
lj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers un-
known. This species appears to be intermediate between M.
aureum and M. cymbiforme.
Boat-leaved Fig-marigold. Clt. 1822. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
§ 36. Aurea (from aureus, of gold; in reference to the
yellow flowers). Haw. rev. 148. — jEquilateralia, Salm-Dijck,
obs. 33. — Frequentiflora, Han. syn. 263. exclusive of some
species. Stems sujfruticose, and are as well as the branches
erect. Leaves distinct, dotted, bluntly or acutely triquetrous,
elongated, glaucous. Flowers large, solitary, yellow, or copper-
coloured, expanding in sun-shine. Stigmas thick.
201 M. GLAU'CUM (Lin. spec. p. 696.) stem suffruticose, erect ;
leaves triquetrous, much compressed, glaucous, roughish ; lobes
of calyx ovate, cordate ; stigmas yellow. Tj . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope.— Dill. elth. f. 248. D. C. pi.
grass, t. 146. Bradl. succ. t. 37. Haw. obs. 829. misc. 83.
syn. 264. rev. 148. Petals of a yellow sulphur colour.
Glaucous Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1696. Sh. l| ft.
202 M. AURANTI%ACUM (Haw. misc. 84. syn. 264. rev. 148.)
stem suffruticose, erect ; leaves bluntly triquetrous, somewhat
compressed, very glaucous ; bracteas semiterete ; lobes of calyx
oblong-ovate ; alternate stigmas purple. Pj . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. M. glaucoides, Haw. obs. p. 330.
M. aurantium, Willd. enum. 537. Flowers of a deep orange-
colour, smaller than those of M. glaucum. Perhaps a hybrid
between M. aureum and M. glaucum.
Orange-coloured-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.
1793. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
203 M. AU'REUM (Lin. syst. nat. ed. 10. p. 1050.) stem suf-
fruticose, erect ; leaves cylindrically triquetrous, rather connate
at the base, spreading, acute, full of pellucid dots, glaucous ;
stigmas dark purple, fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Curt. bot. mag. t. 262. D. C. pi. grass, t. 1 1 . Haw.
obs. 333. misc. p. 84. syn. 263. rev. 148. Corollas of coppery
golden colour, 2 inches in diameter, expanding in sunshine.
Go/rfen-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. Mar. Oct. Clt. 1750.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
SUBDIVISION VI. TERETIU'SCULA (a dim. of teres, cylindrical ;
leaves nearly cylindrical). Haw. rev. 150. Subshrubs. Leaves
distinct, rarely connate at the base, nearly terete, without any
papulae. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5, except in one of the species,
which vary to 7.
§ 37. Verruculata (from verrucula, a little wart ; plants be-
set with little warts). D. C. prod. 3. p. 438. — Perfoliosa, Haw.
misc. 81. — Calamiformia erecta, Salnt-Dyck.obs. 22. — Sebacea,
Han. rev. p. 155. Stems shrubby, erect, with short branches.
Leaves crowded, connate, cylindrical, obtuse, mealy-glaucous,
soft, dotless, without papules. Flowers yellow or croceous. Calyx
5-cleft. Stigmas 5. Capsule small.
204 M. VERRUCULA'TUM (Lin. spec. 696.) stem erect ; leaves
much crowded, very glaucous, cylindrical, hardly triquetrous,
obtuse, and a little mucronate, sebaceous, longer than the inter-
nodes. Pj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. _
Dill. elth. 259. D. C. pi. grass, t. 36. Haw. obs. 260. misc.
81. syn. 258. rev. 155. Flowers small, yellow, subumbellate,
expanding in the evening. The stigmas are said to be 5, but
Dillenius has seen them varying from 5-7.
Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1731. Sh. 1| ft.
§ 38. Crbcea (from croceus, like saffron ; colour of flowers).
Haw. in phil. mag. aug. 1826. p. 128. Sub-shrubs with secund
branches. Leaves thick, of a bluish glaucous colour, semi-terete
at the base, obsoletely triquetrous at the apex. Flowers terminal,
solitary, small, or middle-sized, scentless, at first yellow, but as
they become older change to a copper-colour. Peduncles succulent.
Calyx succulent, unequal.
205 M. LO'TEUM (Haw. in phil. mag. aug. 1826. p. 128.)
leaves obtuse ; flowers small ; stem branched, erect, stiff, with
the nodes tumid, and throwing out roots. fj . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. This species comes very near M.
crbceum, var. y, fidvo-croceum, but is taller, more slender, and
more branched, and the leaves and flowers are much smaller.
Corolla pale yellow, but becoming of a deeper colour as they
fade.
Fe^oni-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
206 M. LUTE'OLUM (Haw. 1. c. p. 129.) leaves crowded, acute
at the apex, and a little recurved ; branches slender and dense ;
flowers small, fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
M. laevve, Thunb. prod. ? Flowers yellow, and more numerous
than those of the last species. It differs from the last in the
leaves and in the more dwarf stature.
Small-yellow Fig-marigold. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1820. Sh. | ft.
207 M. CR6cEUM (Jacq. fragm. t. 11. f. 2.) stem erect; leaves
crowded, semi-cylindrical, mealy, glaucous, bluntish, shorter
than the internodes, somewhat sebaceous ; lobes of calyx some-
what unequal, t? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Haw. rev. 156. Leaves evidently connate. Petals obtuse,
copper-coloured.
Var. ft, purpureo-croceum (Haw. obs. 257. misc. 81. syn. 259.
rev. 155.) flowers copper-coloured, purple on the outside. M.
insititium, Willd. enum. 536. Hardly distinct from the species,
and ought probably to be joined with it, according to Salm-Dyck.
in litt.
Far. y,flavo-croceum (Haw. rev. 155.) flowers yellow on both
sides, but as they fade become copper coloured.
Co/>/)er-coloured-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt.
1780. Shrub 1 foot.
§ 39. Tenuiflora (from tennis, slender, and fios, a flower ;
slender flowers). Salm-Dyck, obs. 24. Haw. rev. — Fre-
quentiflora, Haw. syn. 263. exclusive of the species. Stem.i
shrubby ; branches slender, effuse. Leaves opposite, distinct,
nearly terete, rather triquetrous or somewhat compressed, without
papulce. Flowers solitary, pedunculate, expanding in the morn-
ing, yellow or scarlet. This section is nearly allied to Aurea.
208 M. COCCINEUM (Haw. obs. 247. misc. 85. syn. 265. rev.
150.) stem shrubby, erect; leaves teretely triquetrous, rather
compressed, obtuse, glaucescent ; peduncles smooth at the base ;
lobes of calyx bluntish, nearly equal. Tj . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. D. C. pi. grass, t. 83. Lodd. bot.
cab. t. 1033. Curt. bot. mag. 59. M. bicolorum minus, Haw.
obs. 246. M. bicolorum coccineum, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1059.
Leaves shorter than in the following species. Petals scarlet on
both surfaces. There are 2 varieties of this plant, the one with
obtuse leaves and the other with acute leaves.
Scarlet-ftowered. Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1696.
Shrub 1| foot.
142
FICOIDE./E. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.
209 M. BICOLORUM (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 485.) stem shrubby,
erect ; leaves rather triquetrous, acute, green ; peduncles and
calyxes scabrous ; calycine lobes unequal, fe . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope.— Dill. elth. f. 258. Haw. obs. 241.
misc. 85. syn. 2C5. rev. 151. This species is usually confused
with M. coccineum, but the leaves are longer and the petals are
yellow inside and scarlet outside. Stigmas shorter than the fila-
ments. There are 2 varieties of this plant, one with erect
branches and the other with spreading branches.
Two-coloured-Rowered Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Sept. Clt.
1732. Shrub 1| foot.
210 M. !NjEauAvLE (Haw. syn. 266. rev. 151.) stem shrubby,
erectish ; branches effusely decumbent ; leaves rather trique-
trous, deep green ; fructiferous peduncles compresseclly clavate ;
lobes of calyx very unequal. I? . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Bradl. succ. 7. bad. ex Haworth. Very like
M. bicoldrum, but differs in the branches being effuse, the flowers
being paler on the outside, and in the calycine lobes being longer
than the membrane.
Unequal-calyxed Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1716.
Shrub 1 foot.
211 M. TENUIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. 693.) stem shrubby, erect-
ish ; leaves semi-terete, rather compressed, subulate, green,
glabrous, longer than the internodes ; peduncles elongated,
naked. fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Dill,
elth. f. 236. D. C. pi. grass, t. 82. Bradl. succ. t. 9. Haw.
obs. 239. misc. p. 86. syn. 267. rev. 151. Flowers of coppery
red colour. There are varieties of this species with erect and
procumbent stems.
Slender-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1700.
Shrub 1 foot.
212 M. VARIA'BILE (Haw. misc. 85. syn. 266. rev. 152.)
stem shrubby, effuse, rather decumbent ; leaves somewhat tri-
quetrous, compressed, glaucous, scabrous ; lobes of calyx nearly
equal. T? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals
yellow, at length becoming reddish. There are varieties of the
species with distant and crowded leaves and branches.
Variable Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1796. Sh. l| ft.
§ 40. Adunca (from aduncus, hooked ; leaves hooked at the
apex). Salm-Dyck, obs. 25. Han. rev. 152. — Adunca clau-
dentia, Han. misc. 87. Stems suffruticose, hardly half a foot
high. Leaves nearly terete, subulate, usually incurved, acutely
hooked at the apex. Planers solitary, expanding before meridian,
and closing in the evening, small, reddish. Petals usually striated
or white at the base.
213 M. SPINIFORME (Haw. obs. 240. misc. 87. syn. 291. rev.
152.) stem suffruticose, with erect branches ; leaves cylindrical,
subulate, spine-formed, erect, recurved at the apex ; peduncles
and keels of the bracteas rather scabrous. T? . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Bark of branches dark. Flowers
small, pale red, with the petals paler at the base.
Var. /3, subaduncum (Haw. suppl. 96. ex rev. 152.). Leaves
less hooked.
Spine-shaped Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1793. Sh. ^ft.
214 M. CURVIFOLIUM (Haw. misc. p. 88. syn. 290. rev. 152.)
stems suffruticose ; branches firm, erectish, roughish, angularly
compressed ; leaves rather distant, expanded at the base, and
incurvedly recurved at the apex. >j . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Flowers numerous, middle-sized, pale red.
Stigmas blackish. M. ceratophyllum, Willd. enum. suppl. p.
37. is referred to this species by the Prince de Salm-Dyck, but
this is doubted by Haworth, who gives a different character to
the plant.
Curve-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1799. Sh. -J ft.
215 M. FLEXIFOLIUM (Haw. suppl. 98. rev. 153.) stem suf-
8
fruticose ; brandies filiform, compressed, flexuous, decumbent,
crowded ; leaves subulate, triquetrous, incurved below, recurved
and rather flexuous above, and a little hooked at the apex. Jj . D.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This plant is 3 times
smaller than t'^e preceding species, and more depressed. Flowers
unknown. There are varieties of this species with pale green
and dark green leaves.
Bent-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1820. Sh. dec.
216 M. INCONSPI'CUUM (Haw. in phil. mag. aug. 1826.
p. 128.) stems suffruticose, very stiff; leaves trigonal-semi-
terete, small, hooked ; flowers solitary, minute, terminal. Ij .
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. A small, bushy
subshrub, with spreading, ascending, or incurved, hard, glitter-
ing branches ; leaves glittering in the sunshine from papulae.
Flowers deep red, expanding in the morning.
Inconspicuous Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1823. Sh. ^ ft.
217 M. ADu'NcuM(Haw. syn. 291. rev. p. 153.) stem shrubby ;
branches erect, much crowded ; leaves crowded, semi-cylindrical,
acuminated, very much recurved at the apex. Tj . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, reddish, tipped
with a deeper colour. Stigmas subulate, spreading, greenish
yellow. This species is very like M. jlexifdlium, but is less
erect.
Hooked-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Feb. Mar. Clt. 1795.
Shrub \ foot.
218 M. FILICAC'LE (Haw. syn. 291. rev. 153.) stems tufted,
suffruticose, filiform, very weak, creeping ; leaves much crowded,
semi-cylindrical, acuminated. \i . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Peduncles elongated, flexuous, bibracteate in
the middle. Petals pale red inside, but of a deeper colour on
the outside, and more so at the apex. Stigmas erect, subulate,
green.
Thread- stemmed Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1808.
Shrub -| foot.
§ 41. Haworthiana (in honour of A. H. Haworth, F.L.S. ;
who has done more to elucidate the succulent tribes of plants than
any other individual). D. C. prod. 3. p. 439. — Corallina, Ham.
rev. 154. exclusive of M. cordllina perhaps. — Teretiuscula, Han.
syn. 301. — Rubictinda, Salm-Dyck. obs. 23. Stems suffruti-
cose, smooth, erect ; branches decussate, numerous, of a chestnut
colour. Leaves somenhat cylindrical, subulate, elongated, glau-
cous. Flowers solitary, showy, reddish, or white.
219 M. PRODU'CTUM (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 424.) stem
suffruticose, erect ; branches finely decussate, numerous ; leaves
crowded at the tops of the brandies, semi-cylindrical, glau-
cous, rather incurved, full of pellucid dots ; flowers terminal,
by threes ; calycine lobes unequal, two of which are long and
the other three short. I/ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Corolla rose-coloured. Stigmas 5, erect.
Produced-ady-aed Fig-marigold. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822.
Shrub 1 foot.
220 M. STIPULA'CEUM (Lin. spec. 693.) stem shrubby, and is
as well as the branches erect ; leaves teretely triquetrous, long,
subulate, incurved, glaucous, full of pellucid dots, margined at
the base. Pj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. —
Dill. elth. f. 267. and 268. Haw. obs. 256. misc. 65. syn. 301.
rev. 154. Axils usually bearing leaves, hence the metaphorical
name of stipulaceum, there being no stipules. Corolla light red,
paler on the under side, 2 inches in diameter.
Stipttlaceous Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1723. Sh. 1 ft.
221 M. HAw6RTHii (Willd. enum. suppl. 36. Donn, hort.
cant. ed. 6.) stem shrubby, erect; leaves crowded, compressedly
cylindrical, attenuated at both ends, erect when young, but
spreading and glaucous when old. (Salm-Dyck. inlitt.). fj . D.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. syn. 302. rev.
FICOIDE/E. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.
143
154. Corolla purple, 2 inches in diameter. Bark of branches
rufous or castaneous. Leaves distinct (ex Haw.), connate (ex
Willd.), therefore perhaps there are 2 species confused.
Hamorlh's Fig-marigold. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1793. Sh. 1 ft.
222 'M. LE'PIDUM (Haw. in phil. mag. 1826. p. 130.) leaves
recurved at the apex, rather mucronate ; segments of calyx acu-
minated, spreading, marcescent after flowering. Pj . D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. An erect, slender shrub.
Leaves nearly as in M. production. Flowers large, white, showy,
opening before meridian, longer than the peduncles.
Pretty Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1823. Sh. 1 ft.
223 M. LJE'VE (Haw. misc. 64. syn. 302. rev. 154. but not of
Thunb.) stem suffruticose, erect ; leaves crowded, cylindrical,
obtuse, arched, very glaucous, smooth. J? . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. M. lacVe, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 187.?
Flowers unknown (ex Haw.), purple (ex Willd. and Salm- Dyck.).
Smooth Fig-marigold. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1774. Sh. l|ft.
224 M. CORA'LLINUM (Haw. rev. 154. but not of Thunb.)
stem straight, much branched ; leaves nearly terete, incurved,
smooth, rather thicker in the middle, glaucous. Tj . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very nearly allied to M.
Haworthii, but the stems are one half taller and the flowers
smaller (ex Salm-Dyck. in litt.). Bark dark and bay-coloured
(ex Haw.).
CoraZ-stemmed Fig-marigold. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 1 foot.
§ 42. Spinosa (from spinosus, full of thorns ; the branches
become hard and spinose at the tips after flowering). Salm-
Dyck. obs. 25. Ham. rev. 153. — Teretiuscula species, Haw.
syn. Stems shrubby, erect ; branches stiff, hard, Jloriferous,
usually spinescent after flowering. Leaves teretely triquetrous,
distinct. Flowers reddish.
225 M. SPINOSUM (Lin. spec. 693.) stem shrubby, erect ;
branches hard, dichotomous, spinose after flowering ; leaves
nearly distinct, teretely triquetrous, dotted. J? . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope.— Dill. elth. f. 265. Bradl. succ. t.
39. Haw. obs. 338. misc. 66. syn. 303. rev. 153. Flowers
small, purple.
Spinose Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1714. Sh. 1 ft.
226 M. MUCRONIFERUM (Haw. in phil. mag. 1823. p. 381.)
stem shrubby, erect, straight ; leaves glaucescent, dotted, spread-
ing, bluntly triquetrous, mucronulate ; flowers reddish, disposed
by threes ; peduncles permanent after flowering and spinose.
1? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. pulveru-
lentum, Willd. enum. 583. ex ill. Pr. Salm-Dyck.
Mucrone-bearing Fig-marigold. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1821.
Shrub 1 foot.
SUBDIVISION VII. PAPULOSA (from papulosus, full of blis-
ters ; leaves beset with papulae). D. C. prod. 3. p. 440. —
Papuldsa-teretifolia, Haw. rev. p. 79. Shrubs, subshrubs or
herbs. Leaves opposite, very rarely alternate, distinct, nearly
terete, or thick at one end, channelled above, narrow, more or
less beset with glittering papillae. Calyx 4-6, but usually 5-
cleft. Stigmas just so many.
§43. Barbata (from barbatus, bearded; points of leaves).
Salm-Dyck. obs. 27. Hani. rev. 190. — Barbifolia, Haw. syn.
277. Stems suffruticose, branched. Leaves nearly terete, distinct,
rather papulose, thick, bearded at the apex by 5 pale hairs,
which are 5-10, rayed at the apex. Flowers flesh-coloured, rarely
white, expanding in the sun. Calyx 5-S-cleft, with as many
dark green tubercles on the torus. Stigmas 5-8.
227 M. BARBA TUM (Curt. bot. mag. t. 70.) stem erect ;
branches effusely procumbent ; leaves rather remote, spreading,
ending in 5-6 radiating hairs at the apex ; base of calyx gla-
brous ; lobes 5, nearly equal. ^ . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope.— Dill. elth. f. 234. D. C. pi. grass, t. 28. M.
barbatum a, Lin. spec. 691. M. stelligerum, Haw. syn. 278.
rev. 190. but not of phil. mag. M. barbatum, Haw. phil. mag.
1824. p. 61. Tubercles 5, dark green within the flower. Stig-
mas 5. Flowers flesh-coloured.
Bearded-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1705.
Shrub •!• to | foot.
228 M. STELLI'GERUM (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 61. but
not of his syn.) branches procumbent, elongated ; leaves re-
mote, half erect, terminating in 5 radiating hairs at the apex ;
calyx glabrous at the base ; lobes very unequal. (7 . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. barbatum, Haw. syn.
277. rev. 190. but not of phil. mag. Bradl. succ. t. 5. Curt,
bot. mag. 70. Perhaps merely a variety of M. barbatum.
Star-bearing Fig-marigold. Fl. May,. Oct. Clt. 1793. Sh.
| to | foot.
229 M. INTONSUM (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 62.) branches
erectly decumbent, effuse, hispid ; leaves terminating in 10 ra-
diating hairs at the apex ; calyx girded by a black beard. >j .
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers reddish.
far. ft, album (Haw. 1. c.) flowers at first white, but at length
becoming reddish as they fade.
Unshav ed Fig-marigold. Fl. July. Clt. 1824. Shrub | ft.
230 M. BULBOSUM (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 428.) root
tuberous ; branches rather villous ; leaves horizontal, crowded,
terminating in 10 radiating hairs. fj . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Root referrible to that of M. tuberosum;
the rest of the plant comes nearest to M. intonsum. Flowers
middle-sized, reddish.
Bulbous-rooted Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. 1 ft.
231 M. STELLA'TUM (Mill. diet. no. 14.) branches short,
thick ; leaves tufted, hoary, thick, scabrous from papulae, ter-
minating in many radiating hairs at the apex, and ciliated at the
base, greenish ; peduncles very hairy ; calyx hairy at the base,
6-8-lobed. T? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
D. C. pi. grass, t. 29.— Dill. elth. f. 235. M. barbatum /3, Lin.
spec. 691. M. hirsutum, Haw. misc. 105. syn. 279. M. stella-
tum, Haw. rev. 191. phil. mag. 1824. p. 62. but not of his syn.
Flowers pale red.
Starry-haired Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Oct. . Clt. 1716.
Shrub -| foot.
232 M. DE'NSUM (Haw. obs. p. 302. misc. 105. syn. 279. rev.
191. phil. mag. 1824. p. 62.) plant densely tufted ; leaves semi-
terete, scabrous from papulee, terminating in many radiating
hairs, rather ciliated at the base, greenish ; peduncles very hairy
as well as the calyx, which is 6-cleft. Tj . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. — Dill. elth. f. 236. without a flower.
Sims, bot. mag. t. 1220. Old stem thick, branched, very short.
Flowers expanding in the heat of the sun, purple, larger than
those of M. stellatum.
Dense Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1732. Sh.ift.
§ 44. Echinala (from echinalus, set with prickles ; leaves).
Salm-Dyck, obs. 27. Haw. rev. 189. — Hispifolia, Han. syn.
275. Stems suffruticose, much branched. Leaves nearly terete,
distinct, more or less hispid all over, as well as the branches.
Lobes of calyx 5, leaf-formed. Corolla white or pale yellow.
Stigmas 5.
233 M. ECHINA'TUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 194.) stem erect,
branched ; leaves oblong-ovate, rilled, rather triquetrous, gib-
bous, ramentaceously-echinated ; lobes of calyx leaf-formed,
unequal. 1? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
144
FICOIDE/E. T. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.
Haw. obs. 288. misc.103.syn.27C.rev. 189. B.C. pi. grass, t. 24.
Jacq. schcenbr. t. 487. M. setosum, Mcench. Flowers yellow.
Var. ft, Album (Haw. 1. c.) flowers white.
Hedge-hog Fig-marigold. Fl.Jul.Oct. Clt. 1774. Sh.ito|ft.
234 M. STRUMOSUM (Haw. rev. 190.) stems decumbent,
branched ; leaves crowded, depressedly cylindrical, hispid all
over ; lobes of calyx nearly equal ; root at length tuberous.
Jj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla pale
straw-coloured or white.
Strumose Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. itojft.
§ 45. Hispida (from hispidus, bristly ; branches rough from
bristles). D. C. prod. 3. p. 441. — Hispicaulia, Han. syn. 273.
ret. 185. Salm-Dyck. obs. 26. Stems suffruticose, bushy;
branches hispid from bristles. Leaves distinct, cylindrical, papu-
lose. Peduncles hispid. Flowers middle-sized, expanding before
meridian, reddish, or rose-coloured, rarely white. Calyx 5-cleft.
Stigmas 5.
235 M. CALYCI'NUM (Haw. rev. 187.) branches effuse; leaves
cylindrical, rather filiform, obtuse, papulose ; two of the caly-
cine lobes are foliaceous, much exceeding the other three in
length ; stamens longer than the stigmas. Ij . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white.
Long-calyxed Fig-marigold. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1819. Sli.-fft.
236 M. TUBERCULA'TUM (D. C. in Pers. ench. 2. p. 44.) stems
decumbent, much branched ; branches ascending ; leaves terete,
acute, papulose, soft ; branches, peduncles, and calyxes hispid ;
calyx campanulate at the base ; stamens hardly exceeding the
stigmas. Jj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M.
hispifolium, Haw. suppl. 94. rev. 189. Petals rose-coloured,
but purplish above, with a deeper-coloured middle line. There
is also a variety of this with white flowers.
Tubercled Fig-marigold. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1818. Shrub dec.
237 M. ATTENUA'TUM (Haw. rev. 188.) plant slender;
branches decumbent, filiform ; leaves semi-cylindrical, filled,
obtuse, or nearly terete, papulose ; peduncles elongated ; calyxes
hairy at the base. T? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Petals at first white, or with a rose-coloured middle
line, whence there is a rose-coloured circle in the flower.
Attenuated-branched Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1821.
Shrub decumbent.
238 M. STRIA'TUM (Haw. obs. 280. misc. 188.) stem erect;
leaves semi-cylindrical, subulate, papulose ; calyx woolly ; sta-
mens collected, length of stigmas. Tj . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Capsule angular at the apex.
Var. a, rdseum (Haw. rev. 188.) petals pale rose-coloured,
with a deeper-coloured line in the middle. — Dill. elth. f. 281.
Var. ft, pollens (Haw. 1. c.) petals white, each with a red line
at the base. D. C. pi. grass, t. 132.
Striated- flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1727.
Shrub | foot.
239 M. FLORIBU'NDUM (Haw. misc. p. 100. syn. 274. rev.
187.) branches spreading, very numerous ; leaves almost cylin-
drical, somewhat incurved, papulose, obtuse ; calyxes hemisphe-
rical, beset with papulose pili ; stamens not equalling the stigmas
in length, i; . D< (}• Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M.
hispidum ft, pallidum, Haw. obs. 279. Flowers numerous,
pale red ; with the petals white at the base.
Var. ft, torquatmn (Haw. rev. 187.) flowers fewer, larger and
more remote ; stamens exceeding the stigmas. According to
Salm-Dyck this is not distinct from M. floribundum, which are
both perhaps referrible to M. stridtum, var. ft.
Bundle-lowered Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1704.
Shrub ^ foot.
240 M. CA'NDENS (Haw. rev. p. 186.) branches long, weak,
procumbent or prostrate ; leaves cylindrical, incurved, canes-
cent, and glittering, obtuse. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Flowers unknown. Leaves shining in the sun
from papulae. M. hirtellum, Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 24. but not of
Haw. Perhaps only a variety of M. hirtellum.
Var. a, glaucescens (Salm-Dyck. in litt.) leaves glaucescent.
M. candens, var. a, minus, Haw. in phil. mag. dec. 1831.
p. 422.
Var. ft, virescens (Salm-Dyck. in litt.) leaves greener ; branches
less elongated. M. candens ft, virideus, Haw. 1. c.
Glittering Fig-marigold. Clt. 1820. Shrub pr.
241 M. HIRTE'LLUM (Haw. obs. 284. exclusive of the syno-
nymes, misc. 102. syn. 274. rev. 186.) stem erect, bushy; leaves
crowded, cylindrical, very blunt, beset with glittering papulae ;
calyx turbinate, beset with papulose pili ; stamens equal in length
to the stigmas. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Flowers larger than those of any other species of this section,
showy ; petals pale red, white at the base.
Bristly Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1792. Sh.^tolft.
242 M. SUBCOMPRE'SSUM (Haw. in phil. mag. Aug. 1826. p.
131.) plant erect and twiggy ; leaves greenish-canescent, com-
pressedly semi-terete, obliquely obtuse ; upper part of branches
rather pilose. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Flowers of a reddish violaceous colour.
Var. ft, minus (Haw. 1. c.) plant not half the size of the
species.
Subcompressed-]en\ecl Fig-marigold. Fl. July. Clt. 1825.
Shrub 1 foot.
243 M. FURFU'REUM (Haw. in phil. mag. Dec. 1831. p. 421.)
shrub bushy ; branches crowded, straightish, stiff, furfuraceous;
leaves cylindrical, very blunt, and are, as well as the calyx, beset
with obsolete crystalline papulae ; flowers small, numerous.
Jj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers termi-
nating the branches, usually solitary, very pale red.
Furfuraceous Fig-marigold. Clt. 1 830. Shrub 1 foot.
244 M. HI'SPIDUM (Lin. spec. 691.) stem erect, bushy ; leaves
cylindrical, very blunt, green, glabrous, and covered with glit-
tering papulae, as well as the calyx, which is conical ; stamens
exceeding the stigmas. Jj. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. — Dill. elth. f. 278. D. C. pi. grass, t. 66. M. hispidum a,
Haw. obs. 277. M. hispidum, Haw. syn. 273. rev. 186. Flowers
deep purple.
Hispid Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1704. Sh. | to 1 ft.
245 M. SUBHISPIDUM (Haw. in phil. mag. Dec. 1831. p. 421.)
stem erect ; branches and peduncles usually without hairs ;
leaves cylindrical, very blunt, and are, as well as the obconical
calyxes, glabrous, greenish, and covered with glittering papulae.
Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. hispidum ft,
platyp£talum, Haw. rev. 186. Petals pale purple, whitish at
the base, emarginate at the apex. Very like M. hispidum, but
taller, less branched ; but the branches are longer, more erect,
and straight, and the flowers paler.
Subhispid Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1704. Sh. 1 foot.
§ 46. Aspericaulia (from asper, rough, and caulis, a stem ;
stems rough). Haw. misc. 97. rev 182. Salm-Dyck, obs. 26.
Stems shrubby, hardly afoot and a half high ; branches filiform,
scabrous. Leaves distinct, remote, nearly terete, glittering from
papultz. Flowers expanding before meridian ; reddish or cop-
per-coloured. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5, but in one of the
species the calyx is 6-cleft, and the stigmas are 6.
* Floners reddish.
246 M. PULVERULE'NTUM (Haw. obs. 265. misc. 89. syn. 272.
rev. 185. but not of Willd.) stem erect; branches crowded;
leaves cylindrically triquetrous, obtuse, dotted with white, pow-
dery, scabrous ; calyx C-cleft. Jj . D. G. Native of the Cape
FICOIDE./E. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.
145
of Good Hope. Flowers almost like those of M. barbalum,
reddish. Stigmas 6, recurved at the apex.
Powdery Fig-marigold. Fl. May. Clt. 1792. Sh. | to 1 foot.
247 M. SE'SSILE (Thunb. fl. cap. 419.) stem erect, terete;
branches flexuous, divaricate ; leaves globosely trigonal, very
blunt, glabrous ; flowers sessile. Jj . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Leaves a line long. Flowers red.
Sessile-Rovtered Fig-marigold. Shrub 1 foot.
248 M. SUBGLOBOSUM (Haw. syn. 273. rev. 185.) branches
numerous, filiform, divaricate, rather decumbent ; leaves ex-
panded, rather papulose, very short, cylindrically subglobose.
lj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. capillare,
Thunb. fl. cap. 419. but not of others. M. subglobosum and
M. brevifolium a, Haw. misc. 62. and 99. Flowers red.
Subglobose-\eaved Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1795.
Shrub 1 foot.
249 M. BREVIFOLIUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 188.) stems erect-
ish ; branches diffuse, filiform, numerous ; leaves cylindrical,
very blunt, spreading, papulose. Pj . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. M. brevifolium, Haw. misc. p. 99. var. 0,
syn. 272. rev. 185. M. erigerifolium, Jacq. hort. vind. t. 477.
ex Salm-Dyck in litt. Corolla small, red.
Short-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1777. Sh. 1 ft.
250 M. PARVIFOLIUM (Haw. rev. 184. but not of Lam.) stem
erectish ; branches rather crowded, filiform, rough, hard ; leaves
grain-formed, expanded, bluntly triquetrous, rather glittering
from papulae. J? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Corolla expanding in the day time, deep purple, nearly like that
of M. hispidum, but one-half smaller. Stigmas 5, erect, green.
Small-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. | to 1 ft.
251 M. OBLI'QUUM (Haw. rev. 183. but not of Willd.) stem
erect ; branches filiform, hard, roughish, erectish ; leaves distant,
cylindrical, obtuse, small, glittering from papulae, with one of the
pair deflexed, and the other opposite it ascending. Tj . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ker, bot. reg. 863. Pe-
tals purple, spreading, acute. Stamens erect, collected, white.
Flowers 9-10 lines in diameter.
OWi^e-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1819. Sh. 1 ft.
* * Flowers copper-coloured or yellow.
252 M. FLA'VUM (Haw. rev. 183.) stem erectish; branches
very slender, scabrous from dots ; leaves nearly terete, rather
attenuated at both ends, glittering from papulae, erectly incurved
or variously bent ; lobes of calyx obtuse, nearly equal. Ij . D.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla expanded half
an inch broad, of a golden yellow-colour, rather reddish on the
outside ; filaments white.
Yellorv-fiowered Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub
^ to 1 foot.
253 M. MIVCANS (Lin. spec. 696.) stem erect; branches sca-
brous; leaves semi-cylindrical, bluntish, rather recurved, glit-
tering from papulae ; lobes of calyx and petals acutish. 1? . D.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.— Dill. elth. f. 283. and
423. Bradl. succ. t. 8. Curt. bot. mag. 448. D. C. pi. grass, t.
158. Haw. obs. 268. and 423. misc. 98. syn. 271. rev. 182.
Flowers pedunculate, copper-coloured, an inch and a half in dia-
meter, with dark sterile filaments. Stigmas 5, thick, and
greenish.
Glittering Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1704. Sh. 1| ft.
254 M. MACULA'TUM (Haw. syn. 271. rev. 182.) stems erect,
covered with rough spots ; leaves expanded, remote, obtuse,
semi-cylindrical, and rather compressed, papulose. Tj . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. maculatum and M.
micans ft, Haw. misc. 99. Flowers unknown.
Spotted-stamened Fig-marigold. Clt. 1732. Shrub li foot.
255 M. SPECIOSUM (Haw. obs. 367. misc. 98. syn. 270. rev.
VOL. in.
182.) stem erect, with scabrous branches ; leaves semi-cylindri-
cal, subulate, acutish, incurved, glittering a little from papulae ;
lobes of calyx and petals obtuse ; corolla rather funnel-shaped.
Tj. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla large,
deep scarlet, with a green base, less than that of M. micans, ex-
panding in the height of the sun.
Elegant Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1793. Shrub 1| ft.
§ 47. Trichotoma (the flowers are disposed by threes, or in a
trichotomous manner). Haw. rev. 178. Tuberbsa. Salm-Dyck,
obs. 25. Erect branched subshrubs. Leaves usually nearly cy-
lindrical, and glittering in the sun from papulce. Calyx 5-cleft.
Flowers small, disposed by threes, of various colours, but usually
of a yellowish coppery-colour. — An artificial section.
256 M. TUBEROSUM (Lin. spec. 693.) stem erect, branched ;
leaves rather triquetrous, compressed, beset with minute papulae,
recurved at the apex ; flowers trichotomous ; root tuberous,
hard. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Dill,
elth. f. 264. D. C. pi. grass, t. 78. Haw. obs. 271. misc. 89.
syn. 253. rev. 170. Peduncles usually permanent and spinose,
as in M. spinosum. Flowers small, flesh-coloured. Stigmas 5,
rarely 6, ex Haw.
Tuberous-rooted Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1714.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
257 M. MEGARHI'ZUM; root large, tuberous; stem erect,
branched ; leaves recurvely hooked ; branches erect, thong-
formed, flexile. 1-> . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Very like M. tuberosum, but differs from it in the principal stem
being more equal in thickness ; and in the flowers being more
numerous and white. M. macrorhizum, Haw. in phil. mag. Nov.
1826. p. 332. but not of D. C.
Large-rooted Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1824.
Shrub 2 feet.
258 M. TESTA'CEUM (Haw. suppl. 97. rev. 1 78.) stem shrubby,
erect ; leaves semi-terete, rather triquetrous, glaucescent ;
flowers disposed in trichotomous umbels. Tj . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Stems 2-3 feet high. Flowers
small, of a coppery-colour, pedunculate. Petals in one series.
Both the fertile and sterile stamens are snow white, collected
into a cone.
Testaceous-fiowered Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
259 M. TRICHO'TOMUM (Thunb. fl. cap. 419.) stem straight;
branches divaricate ; leaves connate, trigonal, obtuse ; flowers
terminal, sessile ; calyx 4-cleft. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. It differs from M. geniculifldrum in the leaves
being connate, and without papulae, and in the flowers being red.
Stigmas 4, purple, short.
Trichotomous Fig-marigold. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
260 M. SUBINCA'NUM (Haw. in phil. mag. Dec. 1824. p. 427.)
stem firm, branched, erect ; leaves expanded, compressed, tri-
gonal, rather canescent, soft, recurved, and mucronulate at the
apex ; flowers terminal, disposed by threes ; lobes of calyx 5,
unequal. Fj.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
middle-sized, snow white, expanding before meridian. This
species is most nearly allied toM. tnchbtomum.
Rather-hoary Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug, Sept. Clt. 1820. Sh.
2 to 3 feet.
261 M. DECUSSA'TUM (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 414.) stem shrubby,
trichotomous ; branches erect ; leaves connate, linear-semiterete,
rather papulose ; flowers pedunculate, solitary. Jj . D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers spreading, snow white.
Calyx 5-cleft.
Decussate-\eave<\ Fig-marigold. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
262 M. BRACHIA'TUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 119.) stem much
branched ; branches trichotomous, papulose ; leaves cylindrical,
U
146
FICOIDE^E. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.
papulose. Jj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Haw. obs. 25. misc. 58. (exclusive of the synonyme of Thunb.)
syn. 234. rev. 178. but not of D. C. Flowers yellow.
Armed Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1774. Sh. 1^ foot.
§ 48. Spinulifera (from spinula, a little thorn, and fero, to
bear ; leaves appearing like little thorns, when old). Ham. rev.
176. Salm-Dyck, obs. 26. Stems suffruticose, usually strumose
at the base; brandies rather fleshy, papillose, when old they ap-
pear as if they mere spiny from the permanent remains of the
dried leaves. Leaves cylindrical, papulose, opposite, somewhat
channelled. Flowers expanding before meridian, fulvous or
greenish red. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5.
263 M. SPINULI'FERUM (Haw. obs. 206. and 443. misc. 57.
syn. 252. rev. 176.) caudex and branches erect and thickened;
leaves crowded, semi-terete, channelled, papulose ; peduncles ter-
minal, subumbellate. J? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Corolla an inch in diameter, straw-coloured.
Spine-bearing Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1794. Sh. 1 ft.
264 M. LONGISPI'NULUM (Haw. in phil. mag. Dec. 1824. p.
426.) branches few, procumbent, nodosely strumose at the base;
leaves linear, channelled, and are, as well as the branches, papu-
lose ; old leaves permanent, long, hard, and spine-like ; flowers
usually solitary ; peduncles strong, subclavate. fj . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals pale yellow or straw-
coloured. Stigmas 5, erect.
Long-spined Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1820. Shrub
procumbent.
265 M. SALMONEUM (Haw. rev. p. 176.) stems rather fili-
form, weak, elongated, prostrate ; leaves linear, furrowed, longer
than the internodes, beset with sordid papulae ; roots at length
strumose above. J? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Flowers trichotomous, small, at first of a salmon colour, but
afterwards becoming white inside. Stigmas 5, erect.
Salmon-coloured-ftowered Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt.
1819. Shrub pr.
266 M. CANALICULA'TUM (Haw. obs. 218. misc. 57. syn. 253.
rev. 177.) stems procumbently prostrate, filiform ; leaves linear-
semiterete, covered with shining papulae. T? . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla pale rose-coloured. Old stems
half a foot high.
Channelled-]eaved Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1794.
Shrub pr.
267 M. VIRIDIFLORUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 196.) caudex
thickened ; branches diffuse, knotted ; leaves semiterete, beset
with papulose hairs ; calyx hairy, pedunculate. 17 . D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Curt. bot. mag. t. 326. D. C.
pi. grass, t. 159. Jacq. fragm. t. 52. f. 2. Petals very narrow,
greenish. Stigmas 5, joined in one body.
Green-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1774.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
268 M. GROSSUM (Haw. misc. p. 57. syn. 252. rev. 176.) cau-
dex thickened ; branches effusely decumbent ; leaves linear,
nearly terete, obtuse, attenuated at both ends, papulose. Tj .
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. grossum, M.
carneum, and M. aggregatum, Haw. obs. 205, 206. and 419.
Corolla middle-sized, pale, at length becoming of a reddish
straw colour.
Coarse Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 ft.
269 M. TENUIFIORUM (Jacq. fragm. t. 32. f. 3.) stems dif-
fuse, weak, cinereous ; leaves semiterete, obtuse, channelled,
spreading, beset with crystalline papulae ; flowers 1-2, termi-
nal, on short peduncles, fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Petals linear-filiform, of a dirty red-colour.
Slender-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 1 foot.
270 M. NI'TIDUM (Haw. obs. 412. misc. 57. syn. 243. rev.
177.) stem erect ; branches slender, effuse, knotted ; leaves semi-
terete, beset with glittering papulae; flowers terminal, usually by
threes. T? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
yellow. Salm-Dyck ex Spreng. nov. prov. 27. M. brachiatum,
D. C. pi. grass, t. 129. M. pruin6sum, Thunb. fl. cap. 425. ex
Salm-Dyck and Spreng. but according to Haworth this species
differs in the stem being decumbent, and in the branches being
bent.
Shining Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1790. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
§ 49. Noctiflbra (from nox, the night, and flos, a flower ;
flowers expanding at night). Han. syn. 259. rev. 179. Salm-
Dyck, obs. 23. Slender subshrubs, almost without leaves at the
base, at length becoming thickened at the roots ; nith elongated
branches. Leaves distinct, cylindrical, glaucous, remote, dotless,
soon falling off. Flowers usually by threes, terminal, white, rose-
coloured or straw-coloured on the outside, expanding in the even-
ing. Calyx turbinate, 4:-cleft. Stigmas 4.
271 M. NOCiiFLbauM (Lin. spec. 689.) stems suffruticose ;
branches erect, with white bark ; leaves rather remote, obso-
letely semicylindrical, glaucous ; peduncles biternately cymose.
Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. rev. 1 79.
Lodd. bot. cab. 495.
Far. a, Phcemceum (Haw. rev. 179.) flowers white inside, and
scarlet outside, very sweet-scented. — Dill. elth. f. 262. M.
noctiflorum, D. C. pi. grass, t. 10. Haw. obs. 2S1. misc. 63.
syn. 260.
Var. j8, stramineum (Haw. rev. 179. but not of Wilkl.)
flowers white inside, and straw-coloured on the outside. — Dill,
elth. f. 263.
Var. y? elatum (Haw. rev. 180.) leaves longer, semi-erect,
white from mealiness, cylindrically triquetrous, at length re-
flexed ; flowers by threes, white inside, and rose-coloured on the
outside. Perhaps a proper species.
Night-flowering Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1714.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
272 M. FU'LVUM (Haw. rev. p. 180.) stem suffruticose ; bark
of branches brownish-grey ; leaves remote, nearly cylindrical,
glaucescent, exactly half erect ; flowers by threes. 7 . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. stramineum, Haw. obs.
252. (exclusive of the synonyme of Dillenius,) misc. 63. syn.
261. but not of Willd. Flowers fulvous, but white on the in-
side. Ovarium top-formed. Perhaps distinct from the pre-
ceding species, according to the Prince de Salm-Dyck in litt.
-PWeous-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
273 M. CLAVA'TDM (Jacq. hort. schcenbr. t. 108.) stem erect,
sparingly branched ; leaves nearly terete, remote, horizontal ;
peduncles clavate, aggregate, cymose. Tj . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. M. defoliatum, Haw. misc. 83. rev.
181. Flowers white.
Var. ft, horizontdle (D. C. prod. 3. p. 445.) flowers straw-
coloured, but white on the inside, disposed by threes. M. ho-
rizontale, Haw. syn. 261. rev. 181. M. stramineum a, Haw.
misc. 63. exclusive of the synonymes. Perhaps a proper species.
C/auate-peduncled Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1795.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
§ 50. Geniculiflora (from geniculum, a little knee, andfas, a
flower ; from the flowers rising in the knees or forks of the
branches). D. C. prod. 3. p. 445. Stems frutescent, erect. Leaves
opposite, distinct, papulose, semi-terete. Flowers sessile in the forks
of the branches, solitary, yellowish, expanding in the day time.
274 M. GENICULIFLORUM (Lin. spec. 688.) stem frutescent,
erect ; leaves distinct, semi-terete, papulose ; flowers sessile and
FICOIDE./E. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.
147
solitary in the forks of the branches ; calyx 4-cleft. fj . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, and of Egypt and Arabia. —
Dill. elth. f. 261. Bradl. succ. t. 34. D. C". pi. grass, t. 17.
Haw. syn. 254. misc. 59. rev. 167. Petals pale yellow. Stig-
mas 4, erect, short.
Knee-jlorvered Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1727.
Shrub 1 foot.
§ 51. Splendentia (from splendens, shining ; in reference to the
leaves, which are covered with glittering papulae, which shine in
the sun). D. C. prod. 3. p. 445. — Digitiflbra and Crassulina,
Haw. rev. 170. and 172. — Teretiuscula albiflora, Salm-Dyck,
obs. p. 23. Stems suffruticose, branched, erect. Leaves oppo-
site, distinct, somewhat cylindrical, when young furrowed above,
beset with papilla more or less, which glitter in the sun. Flowers
middle-sized, solitary, rarely by threes, white, expanding before
meridian. Calyx generally 5-lobed, rarely 4 or 6-loled, usually
leaf-formed. Stigmas as many as there are calycine lobes.
275 M. CRASSULI'NUM (D. C. prod. 3. p. 445.) stem suffruti-
cose, erect, decumbent ; branches numerous, rather effuse ;
leaves crowded, thick, linear-lanceolate, channelled, almost with-
out papulee, green ; flowers solitary ; 3 of the segments of ca-
lyx membranous at the base, and 2 larger than the rest. ^ .
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. crassuloldes,
Haw. rev. 170. Flowers expanding before meridian ; petals 4
lines long, white, but at length becoming pale rose-coloured.
Stigmas 5, which after fecundation are very conspicuous above
the anthers.
Crassula-like Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. Sh.
decumbent.
276 M. INCOMPTUM (Haw. suppl. 96. rev. 171.) stem suffru-
ticose, branched, bushy ; leaves crowded, rather papulose, erectly
imbricating, semi-terete, firm, almost subulate ; flowers by
threes ; peduncles clavate ; lobes of calyx finger-shaped, acute.
fj . D, G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Plant half a
foot high, pale green. Corolla snow white. Stigmas 5, ramen-
taceous, equal in length to the anthers.
Undecked Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. Sh. i ft.
277 M. SPLE'NDENS (Lin. spec. 689.) stem shrubby, erect,
much branched ; leaves distinct, crowded, semi-terete, obtuse,
spreading, somewhat recurved, dotless, rather papulose ; flowers
solitary ; lobes of calyx finger-shaped. Tj . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. — Dill. elth. f. 260. D. C. pi. grass, t.
35. Haw. obs. 209. misc. 61. syn. 257. rev. 172. Flowers
middle-sized, white, shining. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5, thick,
but subulate at the apex.
Shining Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1716. Sh. 1| ft.
278 M. SULCA'TCM (Haw. rev. p. 173.) stem shrubby, erect;
leaves crowded, linear-subulate, semi-terete, channelled, pale-
green, adult ones expanded, semi-terete; lobes of calyx leaf-
formed, acute. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Flowers white. Stigmas 5, erect, not exceeding the stamens.
Perhaps only a variety of M. splendens.
Furrowed Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1819. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
279 M. ACUMINA'TUM (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. vol. 64. p.
426.) stem and branches erect ; leaves crowded, semi-terete,
acuminated, green ; lobes of calyx 5, 2 of which are much more
prolonged than the other 3. T? . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Allied to M. sulcatum, but differs from all the
species of this section in the lobes of the calyx being very un-
equal. Corolla white, expanding before meridian.
Acuminated-leaved. Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
280 M. ALBICAU'LE (Haw. in phil. mag. Nov. 1826. p. 331.)
stem and branches erect, slender, and whitish ; leaves subulate,
green, semi-terete, a little recurved, and mucronulated at the
apex. fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
white. Like M. acuminatum in habit, but three times smaller.
White-stemmed Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1824.
Shrub 1 foot.
281 M. FLEXUOSUM (Haw. misc. p. 61. syn. 257. rev. 172.)
stem suffruticose, and is, as well as the branches, flexuous, slen-
der, and shining ; leaves crowded, flexuously incurved, very
green, semi-terete ; lobes of calyx finger-shaped. Tj . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white, reddish on
the outside. Stigmas 4-5.
Flexuous-branched Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1795.
Shrub 1^ foot.
282 M. FASTIGIA'TUM (Haw. rev. 173. but not of Thunb.)
stems slender, erect at first, but at length becoming decumbent ;
leaves crowded, flexuously reflexed, subulate, semi-terete, glau-
cescent ; lobes of calyx equal, 3 of which are membranous on
both sides. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Corolla of a dirty fulvous-colour on the outside, white and paler
on the inside. M. fastigiatum, Haw. misc. p. 60. exclusive of
the synonyme of Bradl.
Var. ft, reflexum (Haw. rev. p. 173.) lobes of calyx unequal;
stem erect. M. reflexum, Haw. misc. 60. var. a.
Fastigmte Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1794. Sh. 1 ft.
283 M. UMBELLIFLORUM (Jacq. ex Willd. enum. 534.) stem
erect ; leaves distinct, nearly terete, papulose ; branchlets 1-flow-
ered. T? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. The
rest unknown. Perhaps only a variety of M. fastigiatum, Haw.
or a proper species, ex Haw. rev. 1 74. ?
Umbel-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1820.
Shrub li foot.
284 M. LONGI'STYLUM (D. C. pi. grass, t. 147.) stem suffru-
ticose ; branches elongated ; leaves opposite, distinct : when
young linear-filiform, but at length becoming a little keeled,
acute, and minutely papulose ; peduncles 1-flowered ; calyx 5-
cleft, with 2 or 3 of the lobes having hyaline margins ; stigmas 5,
exceeding the stamens. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. M. pallens, Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 3. t. 279. but
not of Ait. M. pallescens ft, Haw. rev. p. 174. Flowers white,
or somewhat rose-coloured, half an inch in diameter.
Var. ft, purpurascens (D. C. prod. 3. p. 446.) flowers pur-
plish. M. pallescens a, Haw. rev. 174. M. reflexum ft, Haw.
misc. 64.
Long-styled Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1820. Shrub
l£ foot.
§52 Juncea (from junceus, like a bull-rush, slender; stems).
Haw. rev. p. 175. — Articulata, Salm-Dyck, obs. p. 24. Stems
suffruticose or herbaceous, rather erect ; branches slender, green.
Leaves opposite, distinct, small, linear- simulate, slender, deciduous
when dry, whence the stems appear to be articulated from the
cicatrices of the fallen leaves. Flowers small, pedunculate, white
or reddish. Calyx k-cleft. Stigmas 4.
285 M. JU'NCEUM (Haw. misc. 175. syn. 255. rev. 59.) stem
shrubby, much branched ; branches articulated, filiform ; leaves
subulate, semi-terete, acute, remote ; flowers terminal, dichoto-
mous ; lobes of calyx 4, very unequal, fj . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Corolla small ; petals reddish, but whitish
at the base. Stigmas 4, erect, a little longer than the filaments.
M. aphy'llum, Hortul. M. articulatum, Thunb. fl. cap. 415.?
Rushy Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1800. Sh. 1 ft.
286 M. GRANULICAU'LE (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. vol. 64. p.
424.) stem very slender, suffruticose; branches terete, dotted
from numerous grains ; leaves very narrow, obtuse, glaucescent,
semi-terete, longer than the internodes. f? . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown.
u 2
148
FICOIDE^E. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.
Granular- stemmed Fig-marigold. Clt. 1820. Shrub \\ foot.
287 M. MICRA'NTHUM (Haw. syn. 257. rev. 174.) stem suffru-
ticose, slender, much branched ; leaves linear, keeled, dotless,
distinct ; peduncles 1-flowered ; calyx 4-cleft, having 2 of the
lobes very long, and 2 very short. Jj . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. M. parviflorum, Jacq. hort. schcenbr. 3.
t. 278. but not of Haw. Corolla small, snow white, shorter than
the calyx. Stigmas 4, spreading.
Small-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1 804.
Shrub !-£ foot.
288 M. TE'NUE (Haw. rev. p. 175.) stem suffruticose ;
branches effuse, very slender, rather secund, articulated ; leaves
linear, channelled, erect, very slender. T? . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves hardly half an inch long.
Flowers unknown. Perhaps different from M, micrdnthum.
Weak Fig-marigold. Clt. 1819. Shrub 1 foot.
289 M. RAPA'CEUM (Jacq. fragm. 43. t. 52. f. 1.) root tu-
berous ; stem herbaceous ; branches terete, and somewhat
articulated ; leaves distinct, terete, obtuse, dotted, spreading
much; peduncles 1-flowered ; lobes of calyx filiform ; stigmas
5, spreading. % . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Flowers snow white, 9-10 lines in diameter. Lobes of calyx
nearly equal, or very unequal.
Turnip- like-rooted Fig-marigold. PI. 1 foot.
§ 53. Nodijlora (from nodus, a knot, andflos, a flower ; flowers
rising from the knots of the stem, or axils of the leaves). D. C.
prod. 3. p. 446. — Cylindracea, Haw. rev. 163. Salm-Dyck, obs.
15. Roots annual. Stems herbaceous, branched. Leaves nearly
terete or linear, thick, opposite, rarely alternate, papulose. Flowers
axillary, nearly sessile. Calyx 4>-5-lobed, exceeding the petals,
n'hich are small and white. Stigmas 4-5.
290 M. NODIFLORUM (Lin. spec. 687.) stem erectish ; leaves
opposite and alternate, nearly terete, obtuse, ciliated at the base;
flowers axillary, nearly sessile ; lobes of calyx very unequal, ex-
ceeding the petals, which are small. O- D. G. Native of
Egypt, Barbary, Corsica, and Naples, in sandy places by the sea
side. D. C. pi. grass, t. 88. Smith, fl. graec. t. 480. — Moris,
hist. sect. 5. t. 37. f. 7. — Haw. rev. 166. — Column, ecphr. 2. t.
73. This species is often confused with the two following.
Perhaps the calyx is 4-cleft, as mentioned by Haworth, but in
some plants which have been examined it has been found to
be 5-cleft.
Knot-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1739. PL
i foot.
291 M. COPTICUM (Lin. spec. 688.) stem nearly erect ; leaves
distinct, semi-terete, papulose ; flowers sessile in the forks of
the branches ; calyx 5-cleft, exceeding the petals, which are
small. O- D. G. Native of Egypt. 'Willd. spec. 2. p. 1037.
Coptic Fig-marigold. PI. 1 foot.
292 M. APE'TALUM (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 258.) stem diffuse,
rather prostrate ; leaves papulose, distinct, stem-clasping, linear,
flat above, longer than the internodes ; flowers pedunculate ;
calyx 5-cleft, much exceeding the petals, which are very small.
O- D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. apetalum,
Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 180. Haw. rev. 165. M. Copticum, Jacq.
hort. vind. 3. t. 6. Petals 14-18, white. Stigmas 5, short.
Perhaps sufficiently distinct from M. Copticum.
Apetalous Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774. Sh. pr.
293 M. CADU'CUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 179.) leaves semi-
terete, filiform, distinct, beset with ovate papulae ; flowers lateral,
sessile, terminal, girded by a pair of leaves. O. D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. The rest unknown.
Caducous Fig- marigold. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774. PI. 1 ft.
SUBDIVISION VIII. PLANIFOLIA (from planus, level or flat,
and folium, a leaf ; leaves flat). Haw. misc. p. 43. but not of
rev — Papulosa, with flat leaves, Haw. rev. 79. — A'nnua plani-
folia, Salm-Dyck, obs. 15. Herbs or subshrubs. Leaves flat,
beset with papulae.
§ 54. Scaposa (from scapus, a scape or stalk ; in reference
to the peduncles). D. C. prod. 3. p. 447 — Limpida, Haw.
rev. 162. Annual nearly stemless herbs. Leaves opposite,
almost all radical, linear or cuneiform, quite entire, papulose.
Peduncles \-flowered, rising from the root like scapes. Flowers
expanding in sunshine. Lobes of calyx 5, unequal. Petals dis-
posed in one or two series. Sterile filament none. Stigmas 5.
The four last species of this section are hardly known.
294 M. CUNEIFOLIUM (Jacq. coll. 2. p. 319. icon. rar. 3. t.
488.) stem short, branched from the base, herbaceous ; leaves
opposite, cuneiform, flat, obtuse, rather scabrous from papulae ;
flowers pedunculate ; lobes of calyx 5, unequal, larger ones ob-
long, and contracted in the middle. O. O. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. D. C. pi. grass, t. 134. M. limpidum,
Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 183. Haw. misc. 36. syn. 245. rev. 162.
Petals purple, paler on the outside. Stamens very short. Stigmas
5, erect.
Wedge-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. July. Clt. 1 774. PI. i ft.
295 M. PYRO'PEUM (Haw. suppl. p. 99.) plant almost stem-
less ; leaves linear, broadest at the apex, obtuse, rather scabrous
from papulae ; flowers pedunculate ; lobes of calyx 5, oblong,
one of them very long. O- D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. M. tricolor, Willd. hort. berol. t. 22. Sims, bot.
mag. t. 2144. but not of Haw. M. pyropeum a, Haw. suppl.
99. M. tricolor a, Haw. rev. 163. but not of his syn. Petals
shining, greenish-purple, white at the base. Anthers black.
Var. /3, rbseum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 447.) flowers rose-coloured.
M. pyropeum var. /3, Haw. suppl. 99. M. roseum, Haw.
Var. y, album (Haw. rev. 163.) flowers white. M. lineare,
Thunb. fl. cap. 411.
Wheat-leaved Fig-marigold. PI. |- foot.
296 M. GRAMI'NEUM (Haw. misc. 55. exclusive of the syn. of
Thunb.) plant almost stemless ; leaves linear ; scapes filiform ;
lobes of calyx 5, lanceolate, longer than the corolla. O- D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Petiv. gaz. t. 88. f. 7.
Corolla yellow. This species is not sufficiently known. Perhaps
it comes nearest to M. tricolor.
Grassy-leaved Fig-marigold. PI. \ foot.
297 M. CRINIFLORUM (Hout. pfl. syst. 2. p. 53.) plant almost
stemless ; leaves radical, connate, obovate, papulose ; peduncles
rising from the root like scapes ; calycine lobes 5, oval, 3 of
them longer than the rest. O- D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 411. M. spatulatum, Thunb. in
Willd. spec. 2. p. 1025. Flowers white.
Hair-flowered Fig-marigold. PI. -j foot.
298 M. SABULOSUM (Thunb. fl. cap. 422.) plant almost stem-
less ; leaves radical, stem-clasping, oblong, flat, acutish, fur-
rowed above ; calycine lobes 5, oblong. O- D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow.
Gravelly Fig-marigold. PI. \ foot.
299 M. CLAVIFORME (D. C. prod. 3. p. 448.) plant almost
stemless; leaves clavate, obtuse ; flowers terminal. Q. D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.— Petiv. gaz. t. 88. f. 7. M.
clavatum, Haw. obs. 471. misc. 56. rev. 164. but not of Jacq.
Flowers golden yellow. Species hardly known.
Club-formed-leaved Fig-marigold. PI. \ foot.
§ 55. Platyphylla (from TrXaruc, platys, broad, and (j>v\\ov,
phyllon, aleaf; leaves broad). Haw. rev. p. 156. Roots annual
or biennial. Stems herbaceous. Leavesflat, variable inform, and
are papulose, as well as the branches. Flowers of various colours.
Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5.
FICOIDEiE. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.
149
300 M. CRYSTA'LUNUM (Lin. spec. 688.) plant diffusely pro-
cumbent, herbaceous, covered with large glittering papulae on
every part, which makes the plant appear as if covered with ice;
leaves ovate, alternate, stem-clasping, undulated ; flowers axil-
lary, almost sessile. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, Canary Islands ; and of Greece, about Athens, in the sand
by the sea side. Smith, fl. grasc. t. 481. — Dill. elth. f. 2t.
Bradl. succ. t. 48. D. C. pi. grass, t. 128. Haw. misc. 43.
Flowers white. There are two varieties of this plant ; one a
biennial, which is said to be the true M . crystdllinum ; and the
other an annual, which is the common ice-plant of the gardens,
which is called by Haw. M . glaciate. The whole plant is covered
with glittering white papulae, that shine in the sun, whence it
is called ice-plant; others name it the diamond-plant.
Crystalline Fig-marigold or Ice-plant. Fl. May, Aug. Clt.
1775. PI. procumbent.
301 M. CRI'SPUM (Haw. misc. 44. rev. 157.) leaves alternate,
ovate, petiolate, undulated; petals minute. 0. H. Native of
the Capd of Good Hope. — Petiv. gaz. t. 88. f. 5. M. crispk-
tum, Haw. obs. 470. Flowers reddish. This species is hardly
known.
Curled-\eaved Fig-marigold. PL pr.
302 M. PINNATI'FIDUM (Lin. fil. suppl. 260.) stems diffuse ;
leaves opposite, oblong, bluntly pinnatifid, papulose ; petals
shorter than the calyx. O- H. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, and also said to be a native of Chili. Curt. bot. mag. t.
67. D. C. pi. grass, t. 142. Haw. obs. 112. misc. 44. syn. 244.
rev. 157. Stems reddish, papulose. Petals small, yellow in one
series. Stigmas 5, ascending. Flowers small in the forks of
the branches, pedunculate.
Pinnatijld-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1774.
PI. pr.
303 M. SESSILIFLORUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 193.) branches
divaricate ; leaves flat, spatulate, and are, as well as the stems,
beset with papulae; flowers sessile. O- H. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow. Haw. syn. p. 247.
Var. fl, Album (Haw. rev. 158.) flowers white; leaves ovate,
petiolate : upper ones alternate ; flowers panicled, small. $ .
D. G. Perhaps a proper species, but is not sufficiently known.
Sessile-Jlorvercd Fig-marigold. Fl. July. Clt. 1774. PI. pr.
304 M. LANCEOLA'TUM (Haw. misc. 45. rev. 159.) stems de-
cumbent ; leaves alternate, lanceolate, bluntish, papulose ; calyx
and peduncles beset with crystalline dots. ©. D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. M. Volckameri, Haw. obs. p. 426.
— Volck. norib. p. 266. with a figure ? M. filiforme, Thunb.
fl. cap. 417. ? Flowers white.
Var. ft, roseum (Haw. rev. 159.) flowers reddish ; leaves lan-
ceolate-spatulate.
Lanceolate-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1795.
PI. dec.
. 305 M. LA'NCEUM (Thunb. fl. cap. 417.) stem erect, rather
tetragonal ; leaves lanceolate, flat, connate, acute, papulose ;
flowers terminal. Q. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Haw. rev. 170. Flowers white.
Zance-leaved Fig-marigold. PI. ^ foot.
306 M. PAPULI'FERUM (D. C. prod. 3. p. 448.) stem very
short; branches almost radical, somewhat fastigiate, gradually
thickened, and are as well as the leaves and calyxes beset with
papulae ; leaves connate, ovate ; flowers terminal, sessile, 1-3
together ; calyx 5-cleft. O- H. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, on hills in very dry places. M. fastigiatum, Thunb. fl.
cap. 413. but not of Haw. Flowers white. Lobes of calyx
purple. This species differs from M. rectum of Haw. in being
annual, not shrubby.
Papula-bearing Fig-marigold. PI. ^ to \ foot.
307 M. PAPULbsuM (Lin. fil. suppl. 259. exclusive of the
synonymes) branches decumbent, terete ; leaves opposite, spatu-
lately oblong, papulose ; flowers pedunculate, rising from the
forks of the stem; lobes of calyx linear. O- H. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. misc. 48. rev. 158. Corolla
yellow, hardly longer than the calyx.
Papulose Fig-marigold. PI. dec.
308 M. CLANDESTINUM (Haw. in phil. mag. aug. 1826. p.
129.) branches procumbent, papulose ; leaves acutely ovate,
petiolate ; flowers usually terminal, solitary or by threes, on a
terete, clavate peduncle ; petals very small. Tj . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope,
Hidden-ftowered Fig- marigold. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1822.
PI. pr.
309 M. PUBE'RULUM (Haw. in phil. mag. sept. 1831. p. 419.)
stems branched, procumbent, papulose ; florifcrous branches and
margins of leaves pubescent ; leaves opposite or alternate, obo-
vate-spatulate, channelled, keeled ; peduncles subcylindrical.
O- D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very like M.
papulosum. Flowers white.
Puberulous Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1829. PI. pr.
310 M. ANGULA'TUM (Thunb. fl. cap. 426.) stem herbaceous,
decumbent, angular, branched ; leaves opposite, obovate, sessile,
papulose; calyx 5-cleft, angular. ©.? D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow, as in M. papulosum, but
the stems are angular, not terete. The stems are angular, how-
ever, in M. Ahbnis, but the flowers are pale red, not yellow.
Angular-stemmed Fig-marigold. PL pr.
811 M. AITONIS (Jacq. hort. vind. t. 7.) branches decumbent,
angular ; leaves opposite or alternate, ovate-spatulate, papulose ;
pedicels short ; calyxes angular. $ . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Haw. misc. 48. rev. 158. Flowers ex-
panding in the evening, pale reddish, about the size of those of
M. cordifolium. Lobes of calyx very unequal. Stigmas 5, erect,
recurved at the apex.
Alton's Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1774. PL pr.
§ 56. Cordifolla (from cor, the heart, and folium, leaf;
shape of leaves). D. C. prod. 3. p. 449. Stem suffruticose.
Leaves opposite, distinct, peliolate, fiat, ovate, cordate, rather
papulose. Flowers purple. Calyx 5-lobed ; having 2 of the
lobes larger than the rest. Stigmas 4.
312 M. CORDIFOLIUM (Lin. fil. suppl. 260.) stems suffruticose,
diffuse ; leaves opposite, flat, petiolate, ovate-cordate, rather
papulose ; calyx 4 -cleft, 2-horned. 0. or T? . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Glox. obs. t. 1. f. a. Smith, pict.
t. 6. Jacq. icon. rar. t. 487. D. C. pi. grass, t. 102. Haw.
misc. 50. syn. 218. rev. 159. Branches procumbent, rather
herbaceous. Flowers solitary, terminal, or rather lateral on the
elongated branches. Corolla red. Stigmas 4, erect.
Heart-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1774. PI.
diffuse.
§ 57. Expdnsa (from expansus, expanded ; stems). D. C.
prod. 3. p. 449. — Planifolia -f- •{•, Haw. rev. 167. Stems suffru-
ticose, diffuse, or procumbent, terete. Leaves fiat, opposite, almost
without papulae, stem-clasping, a little keeled. Flowers white
or pale yellow, rarely pale red. Tube of calyx somewhat pear-
shaped; lobes 4-5, unequal. Stigmas 4-5.
313 M. EXPA'NSUM (Lin. spec. 697.) stems divaricate, loosely
expanded ; leaves distinct, remote, opposite or alternate, flattish,
ovate-lanceolate, dotless. J? . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. — Dill. elth. f.223. M. tortuosum, D. C. pi. grass.
t. 94. exclusive of the synonymes. M. expansum, Haw. obs.
195. misc. 50. rev. 168. Lobes of calyx 5, unequal. Corolla
large, pale yellow. Stigmas 4-6, short, erect.
150
FICOIDE.ZE. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.
Expanded Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1705. PI.
i foot.
314 M. VA'RIANS (Haw. misc. p. 51. syn. 249. rev. 168.)
branches prostrate ; leaves opposite, lanceolate, acuminated,
keeled, hence they are bluntly triquetrous and channelled ; pe-
duncles very thick. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. — Petiv. gaz. t. 78. t. 10. The whole plant is beset with
papulae. Calyx 4-5-cleft. Corolla white on the outside and
yellow on the inside ; but according to Haworth it is whitish,
and according to Petiver yellowish. Stigmas 5, short.
Varying Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1706. Sh. pr.
315 M. TORTUOSUM (Lin. spec. 697.) stems divaricate, pro-
cumbent, twisted : leaves flattish, oblong-ovate, rather papulose,
crowded, connate ; lobes of calyx 5, very unequal, 2 of which
are hardly evident, I? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. — Dill. elth. f. 222. M. tortuosum, Haw. obs. 196.
misc. 51. syn. 250. rev. 168. M. aridum, Moench. Flowers
pale yellow.
Twisted-stemmed Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1 705.
Shrub procumbent.
316 M.CONCA'VUM (Haw. rev. 168.) stem procumbent; leaves
concave, ovate-lanceolate, alternate, thick ; flowers terminal, so-
litary. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Burm.
afr. dec. 3. t. 26. f. 1. Flowers yellowish. This is a very
doubtful species.
Coracaue-leaved Fig-marigold. Shrub pr.
317 M. PA'LLENS (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 182.) stems diffuse ;
leaves stem-clasping, distinct, glaucous, oblong-lanceolate ; in-
flexedly concave, bluntly keeled, beset with minute papulae ;
lobes of calyx 5, ovate-oblong. ^ . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Haw. obs. 197. misc. 52. syn. 250. rev. 168.
M. expansum, D. C. pi. grass, t. 47. M. articulatum, Thunb.
fl. cap. 415.? Corolla white, rather longer than the calyx (ex
D. C.), but according to Haworth shorter than the calyx.
Pale Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774. Sh. diffuse.
318 M. LORA'TUM (Haw. rev. 168.) stems diffuse; leaves
lorate, canaliculately-inflexed, obtuse, very glaucous, convex
beneath ; lobes of calyx oblong, attenuated, obtuse. ^ . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. Perhaps
only a variety of M. pollens.
Lorate-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl.Jul. Aug. Clt. 1819. Sh.|ft.
319 M. CRASSICAU'LE (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 425.)
caudex very short and thick ; branches expanded ; leaves
crowded, flat, lorate, acuminated, green, glabrous, a little in-
curved ; peduncles furnished with 4-5 bracteas ; lobes of calyx
5, one of which is smaller than the rest. Pj . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers pale yellow, expanding
before meridian. Stigmas very short.
Thick-stemmed Fig-marigold. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1815.
PI. £ foot.
320 M. RELAXA'TUM (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 36.) stems de-
cumbent, terete, flexuous ; leaves linear -lanceolate, obtuse, of a
livid glaucous colour, channelled, dotted from papulae, costately
keeled ; lobes of calyx 5, foliaceous, one of which is very small.
Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Spreng. nov.
prov. 28. Haw. rev. 169. Flowers purple (ex Willd.), rose-
coloured (ex Spreng.), reddish or nearly scarlet (ex Haw.).
Relaxed Fig-mangold. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1815. Sh. dec.
321 M. ANATOMICUM (Haw. misc. 50. syn. 249. rev. 169.)
stems filiform, procumbent ; leaves opposite, lanceolate-elliptic,
full of crystalline papules, when dead the nerve alone remains
permanent. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Var. P,frdgile(Haw.rev. 169.)leaves large, concave, greener
than the species.
Var. y, emdrcidum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 450.) stems erectish.
M. emarcidum, Thunb. fl. cap. 415. Perhaps a proper species.
Skelelon-\eaved Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1803.
Shrub pr.
322 M. OVA'TUM (Thunb. fl.cap. 417.) stem decumbent, rather
angular, papulose ; leaves ovate, flat, obtuse, spreading ; flowers
terminal. 1? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw.
rev. 170. Flowers white.
O»a<c-leaved Fig-marigold. Shrub dec.
323 M. HUMIFU'SUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 179.) stems suffru-
ticose, trailing ; leaves stem-clasping, spatulate, keeled, scabrous
from conical papulae ; petals very minute. 1; . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla white. The rest unknown.
Trailing Fig-marigold. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1774. Sh.tr.
§ 58. Tripblia (iripolium is the name of the Sea Starwort, or
Aster tripblnim ; leaves resembling it). D. C. prod. 3. p. 450.
Roots biennial. Stems herbaceous, loose. Radical leaves crowded :
rameal ones alternate, fiat, nearly destitute of papula. Floners
pedunculate, white. Calyx acutely pentagonal, 5-cleft. Stigmas 5.
324 M. TRIPOLIUM (Lin. spec. 690.) stems herbaceous, loose,
simple ; radical leaves flat, crowded, rameal ones alternate, lan-
ceolate, dotless, almost destitute of papulae ; flowers peduncu-
late ; calyx pentagonal, 5-cleft. $ . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good 'Hope.— Dill. elth. f. 220.— Pluk. mant. 329. f. 4.
Haw. obs. 122. misc. 49. syn. 247. rev. 167. Flowers middle-
sized, white. There is no ally to this species, according to
Haworth.
Aster-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1700. Sh. | ft.
§ 59. Helianthoidea (from Helidnthus, sunflower, and idea,
form ; flowers). D. C. prod. 3. p. 450. — Pcmeriditina and
Hymenogyne, Hani. rev. 160. and 192. Roots annual. Stems
herbaceous, terete, branched. Leaves lanceolate or spatulate,
almost destitute of papula;, fiat, attenuated at the base, opposite,
distinct. Peduncles axillary, very long. Floners yellow, large,
expanding after meridian, or in the day time. Calyx rather
angular at the base ; lobes 5, elongated. Ovarium depressed.
Stigmas 10-20, sometimes connate.
325 M. POMERIDIA'NUM (Lin. spec. 698.) leaves broad-lan-
ceolate, flat, smooth, ciliated, nearly distinct ; stems, peduncles,
and calyxes hairy ; petals shorter than the calyx ; stigmas 12.
Q. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lin. fil. dec.
1. t. 13. Jacq. icon. rar. t. 489. Curt. bot. mag. 540. Haw.
rev. 160. Flowers yellow.
Var. ft, glabrum (Haw. rev. p. 160.) plant more glabrous and
naked ; upper leaves a little ciliated ; petals longer than the
calyx. ©• D. G. Andr. bot. rep. t. 57. Haw. misc. 44. but
not of Ait. Perhaps a proper species.
Pomeridian Fig-marigold. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1774. PI. 1 ft.
326 M. HELIANTHOIDES (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 198.) leaves
flat, spatulate, smooth ; peduncles very long ; calyxes flat and
angular at the base ; stigmas usually 10, connate at the base.
O- D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. rev. 161.
Flowers yellow.
Sun-fiower-like Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1774.
PI. | foot.
327 M. CALENPULA'CEUM (Haw. rev. 161. but not of his misc.)
leaves linear-lanceolate, hardly spatulate, ciliated ; peduncles
scabrous ; petals about equal in length to the lorately-linear,
thick, ciliated, calycine lobes ; ovarium sparingly pubescent.
O- D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stem much
branched. Hairs on the ovarium or tube of the calyx white
and short. Flowers yellow. The rest unknown.
Pot-marigold-like Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. f ft.
328 M. FLA'CCIDUM (Jacq. hort. vind. t. 475.) leaves lanceo-
late, acute, flat, glabrous, quite entire ; peduncles 1 -flowered,
erectish, glabrous, very long. $ . D. G. Native of the Cape
FICOIDE^E. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM. II. TETRAGONIA.
151
of Good Hope. Petals linear, acute at both ends, yellowish.
Styles 5. Root biennial (ex Salm-Dyck. in litt.).
Flaccid Fig-marigold. Clt. ? PI. ^ foot.
329 M. CANDOLLII (Haw. rev. p. 160.) leaves lanceolate, flat,
acute, ciliated a little, distinct ; peduncles very long, hairy ;
lobes of calyx acuminated, exceeding the petals ; stigmas 16-20.
0. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. helian-
thoides, D. C. pi. grass, t. 135. Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 15. but
not of Ait. ex Haw. Calyx angular at the base. Flowers
yellow.
De Candolle's Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1774. PI.
4 foot.
330 M. PILOSUM (Haw. rev. p. 161.) leaves linear-lanceolate,
ciliated ; stems effuse ; peduncles, bracteas, and calyxes clothed
with wool-like villi ; petals longer than the calyx ; stigmas 15-
20. ©. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Breyn.
cent. t. 79. — Mor. hist. sect. 12. t. 6. f. 13. M. pilosum and
M. calendulaceum, Haw. misc. 47. Perhaps sufficiently distinct
from M. Candollii. Flowers yellow.
Pilose Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. f ft.
331 M. GLA'BRUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 198.) leaves petio-
late, spatulately-lanceolate, dilated at the base, and are as well
as the branches glabrous ; base of calyx hemispherical, with
linear, unequal lobes; stigmas usually 12, united into a tube at
the base. Q. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Hymenogyne glabra, Haw. rev. 192. Corolla straw-coloured ;
petals rufescent at the base ; sterile filaments copper-coloured.
Habit almost of M. Candollii. Seeds winged.
Glabrous Fig-marigold. Fl. Jul. Oct. Clt. 1787. Pl.fft.
•f Species not sufficiently known.
332 M. HU'MILE (Haw. misc. 80. rev. 122.) stems prostrate ;
leaves triquetrous, subulate ; calyx 4-cleft. T? . D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves opposite, or probably
ternate.
Far.o., rubrum(t{avf. 1. c.) flowers red. — Petiv. gaz. t. 88. f. 8.
Haw. obs. 471.
Var.fi. luteum (Haw. 1. c.) flowers yellow. — Pet. gaz. t. 88. f. 8.
Humble Fig-marigold. PI. prostrate.
333 M. ARBORIFORME (Burch. voy. 1. p. 343. cat. geogr.
2004.). Jj.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Allied
to M. parvifolium. Shrub 1-2 feet high, branched, with the
trunk for the most part simple. Cymes 8-times dichotomous.
Flowers minute, of a testaceous colour.
Tree-formed Fig-marigold. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
334 M. CAMPE'STRE (Burch. cat. geogr. 1340. ex voy. 1. p.
259.). Jj . D. G. A plant a foot and a half high, straight.
Flowers rose-coloured. Allied to M. pulchellum.
Field Fig-marigold. Shrub 1-| foot.
335 M.? LAURIFOLUJM (Haw. obs. 470. misc. 49. rev. 157.)
root fusiform ; stem very flexuous ; leaves opposite, cuneately
obovate. }/ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
— Petiv. gaz. 88. f. 4. Anthers and petals purple. Perhaps a
species of Othbna.
Laurel-leaved Fig-marigold. PI. 1 foot?
336 M.? CILIA'TUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 179.) leaves oppo-
site, connnte, semi-terete; stipulas membranous, reflexed, jagged,
in the form of ciliae. tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Corolla white. The rest unknown. Stipulas in all
other species of Mesembrydnihemum are wanting ; it is then
probably a species of Arenarta.
Ciliated-st\pu\ed Fig-marigold. Clt. 1774. PI. % foot.
337 M. CORIA'RIUM (Burch. cat. geogr. 2487. ex trav. 1. p.
243.). T? . D. S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, where
it is used in tanning leather. Said to be allied to M. uncinatum.
Hide Fig-marigold. Shrub
338 M. ? VILLOSUM (Lin. spec. 695.) stem shrubby, thickened
at the base ; branches prostrate ; leaves connate, linear, semi-
terete, channelled, pubescent ; peduncles trichotomous ; flowers
apetalous. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Haw. obs. 222. and 441. misc. 58. syn. 254. rev. 125. Calyx
5-cleft, purplish inside. Capsule fleshy, 5-6-celled. Perhaps
a species of Aizbon, Tetragdnia, or Sesuvium, but the descrip-
tion is not sufficient to decide this point.
bilious Fig-marigold. Shrub prostrate.
339 M. GRANIFORME (Haw. misc. 82. syn. 263. rev. 149.)
stems expanded, short, suffruticose ; leaves distinct, rather tri-
quetrous, ovate grain-formed ; stamens collected. Jj . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Bradl. succ. t. 20. Stems
3 inches high. Leaves 3 lines long. Flowers yellow, expanding
in the evening. This species is entirely unknown at the present
day, having been only known to Bradley. According to Ha-
worth's opinion, it comes in section Cymbiformia.
Grain-/ormed~\eaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clc. 1727.
Shrub 1 foot.
Cult. This is a vast genus of what are called succulent
plants, that is, fleshy-leaved plants. The shrubby kinds should
be grown in pots, in a very sandy or gravelly soil ; they should
be kept almost quite dry, while in a dormant state, but when
growing freely and in the flowering season, they require a consi-
derable supply of water. The poorer the soil is, the more dwarf
the plants will grow, and bear flowers more abundantly. The
shelves in a greenhouse are a good place to preserve them through
the winter, however, a good dry frame will answer the purpose
equally well, if not better, with a covering of mats in frosty
weather. Cuttings of all of them strike root readily, if planted
in pots of the same kind of earth recommended for the plants,
and kept dry till they begin to wither, when they may have a
little water given to them ; and under this treatment they will
root very soon. There are also several annual and biennial
kinds, most of them handsome and curious. The seeds of these
should be sown in pots early in spring, and raised in a frame,
hot-bed, or greenhouse ; and when the plants are of sufficient
size, plant them singly in small pots, and set them in the green-
house, until the warm weather commences, when they may be
set out of doors along with the shrubby kinds, where they will
flower and seed freely, if the summer proves fine. The same
soil and treatment recommended for the shrubby kinds will also
suit these well. The ice-plant, M. crystMinum, and also M. pin-
natifidum do well if planted out on rockwork or among stones,
where they will make a very curious appearance.
II. TETRAGO'NIA (from rtrpct, tetra, four, and yuvia,
gonia, an angle ; fruit of some of the species). Lin. gen. no.
627. Gaertn. fruct. 2. t. 127. and 179. Lam. ill. 437. D. C.
prod. 3. p. 451. — Tetragonocarpus, Commel.
LIN. SYST. Icosdndria, Tri-Octogynia. Calyx 4-cleft, rarely
3-cleft, with the tube adhering to the ovarium, and 4-5-horned ;
lobes coloured on the inside. Petals wanting. Stamens vari-
able in number. Ovarium 3-8-celled. Styles 3-8, very short.
Nut bony, winged, or horned, indehiscent, 3-8-celled inside.
Seeds solitary in the cells. — Herbs or sub-shrubs. Leaves al-
ternate, flat, fleshy, undivided, usually quite entire. Flowers
axillary, pedicellate, or sessile.
SECT. I. TETRAGONOIDES (altered from Tetragbnia). D. C.
prod. 3. p. 452. Stamens in fascicles, or solitary in the recesses
of the calyx. Nuts usually horned. — Annual or biennial herbs.
Flowers sessile or on short pedicels. Horns of calyx sometimes
bearing accessory flowers.
1 T. EXPA'NSA (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 178.) herbaceous leaves
petiolate, ovate- rhomboid ; flowers sessile ; fruit 4-horned, 6-8-
seeded. O- H. Native of New Zealand and Japan, also of
152
FICOIDE.E. II. TETRAGONIA. III. SESUVIUM.
Chili, about Conception, and Valparaiso. Murr. comm. goett.
1783. t. 5. Scop. inst. t. 14. D. C. pi. grass, t. 114. T. cor-
nuta, Gsertn. fruct. 2. p. 179. f. 3. T. Japonica, Thunb. jap. 208.
T. halimif olia, Forst. prod. p. 223. Roth, abb. t. 8. Demidovia
tetragonoides, Pall. hort. dem. t. 1. Stamens 4-5 in each fascicle,
1 fascicle in every recess of the calyx. From all the species this
differs in the cells of the pericarp being double the number of
calycine lobes, not equal to them in number, as in the rest of the
species. The New Zealand spinach is a spreading, rather prostrate
plant, with yellow flowers, and leaves an inch and a half long.
The whole plant is studded with very minute crystalline dots. It
is a native of New Zealand, by the sides of woods, in bushy sandy
places, and though not used by the inhabitants, yet, being con-
sidered by the naturalist who accompanied Cook, as of the same
nature as the Chenopodium, it was served to the sailors boiled
every day at breakfast and dinner. It was introduced to this
country by Sir Joseph Banks in 1772, and treated as a green-
house plant; but it has been found to grow in the open garden
as freely as the kidney-bean or nasturtium, and has been used
as a spinach plant. In the Earl of Essex's family, at Cashio-
bury, no other spinach was used during the whole summer of
1821, and it is now commonly cultivated for that purpose. It
grows so fast that a few plants will suffice for a large family.
There are three varieties of this species found in Chili : 1. with
leaves smooth on both surfaces : 2. with leaves hoary beneath :
and 3. a small grabrous variety.
Expanded Tetragonia or New Zealand Spinach. Fl. Aug.
Sept. Clt. 1772. Pl.pr.
2 T. CRYSTA'LLINA (Lher. stirp. nov. 1. p. 81. t. 39.) plant
herbaceous, pruinose ; leaves ovate, sessile ; flowers almost ses-
sile ; fruit tetragonal, incurved, 4-seeded. Q. or Jj . F. Na-
tive of Peru and Chili, about Valparaiso and Coquimbo. D. C.
pi. grass, t. 34. Calyx 3-4-lobed. Stamens 3-4 in each fas-
cicle, 1 fascicle in each recess of the calyx.
Crystalline Tetragonia. Fl. June. Clt. 1788. PI. | foot.
3 T. ECHINA'TA (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 177.) plant herbaceous ;
leaves petiolate, ovate-rhomboid ; flowers on short pedicels ;
fruit echinated, 3-4-seeded. Q. or $ . F. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. D. C. pi. grass, t. 113. Calyx 3-4-lobed.
Stamens 3-4, 1 in each recess of the calyx. Calyx beset with
crystalline papulae.
Echinatcd-frmted Tetragonia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1774.
PI. | foot.
SECT. II. TETRAGONOCA'RPOS (from rtrpa, tetra, four, yiai'ia,
gonia, an angle, and icapTroc, karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the
fruit being usually furnished with 4 wings). Comm. ex D. C.
prod. 3. p. 452. Stamens disposed in 1 series at the base of
the calycine lobes. Fruit usually winged. — Herbaceous, peren-
nial, or suffruticose plants. Flowers on long pedicels.
4 T. HIRSU'TA (Lin. fil. suppl. 258.) plant herbaceous, de-
cumbent; leaves ovate, villous, sessile; flowers 3 together, on
short pedicels ; fruit tetragonal, with a wing on each angle, 4-
seeded. I/ . D, G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb.
fl. cap. 408. Stamens numerous, inserted in the middle of the
calyx by bundles, as described by Thunberg. Perhaps not
distinct from T. villosa, Poir. diet. 7. p. 604.
Hairy Tetragonia. PI. decumbent.
5 T. SPICA'TA (Lin. fil. suppl. 258.) plant herbaceous, erect;
leaves petiolate, glabrous : lower ones ovate : upper ones lan-
ceolate ; flowers pedicellate, branched. If.. D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 409. where it is called
T. racembsa. Pedicels numerous, aggregate.
Spiked-dowered Tetragonia. Fl. Jul. Clt. 1795. PI. 1 ft.
6 T. HERBA'CEA (Lin. spec. 687.) plant somewhat herbaceous,
rather decumbent, smooth ; leaves ovate, petiolate ; flowers on
long pedicels ; fruit 4-winged, 4-6-seeded ; root strumose. 11 .
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 409.
Haw. misc. 121. — Comm. hort. amst. 2. t. 102. Pedicels 1-3
together, nearly an inch long. Flowers 4-cleft, but the terminal
ones are 5-cleft. Root fleshy.
Herbaceous Tetragonia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1752. PI. dec.
7 T. DECU'MBENS (Mill. diet. no. 2.) plant suffruticose, de-
cumbent, pruinose ; leaves on short petioles, obovate-oblong ;
flowers 3 together on short pedicels ; fruit 4-5-angled, with a
wing on each angle. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. D. C. pi. grass, t. 23. Mill. fig. t. 263. f. 1. Flowers
4-5-cleft. Styles 4-5. Calyx and anthers of a pale sulphur
colour.
Decumbent Tetragonia. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1758. Sh. dec.
8 T. FRUTICOSA (Lin. spec. 687.) shrubby, erect; leaves ob-
long, on very short petioles ; flowers 1 or 3 together, on short
pedicels ; fruit bluntly 3-4-angled, each angle furnished with a
wing. J? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Comm.
hort. amst. 2. t. 103. — Seba, thes. 2. t. 11. f. 8. Haw. misc.
p. 120.— Mill. fig. 2. t. 263. f. 2. Calyx green without and
yellow within.
Shrubby Tetragonia. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1712. Sh. 2 to 4 ft.
9 T. TETRA'PTERIS (Haw. misc. p. 121.) plant suffruticose,
erect ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, nearly sessile ; flowers pedicel-
late, racemose ; fruit furnished with 4 large wings, and other 4
alternate small ones. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Tetrapteris, &c. Pluk. amalth. t. 200. Nut 4 seeded.
four-winged-fruited Tetragonia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1794.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
10 T. LINEAVRIS (Haw. rev. p. 73.) plant shrubby and dif-
fusely decumbent ; leaves linear, rather revolute at the sides,
engraven above by a dorsal line ; flowers terminal, racemose.
Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves greenish.
Ztnear-leaved Tetragonia. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1819. Sh. dec.
11 T. OBOVA'TA (Haw. rev. p. 73.) plant suffruticose, decum-
bent, pruinose ; leaves obovate or oval ; petioles winged, stem-
claspinsr, somewhat decurrent. T? . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Flowers unknown. Very like T. decumbens,
but one half larger.
Oiornte-leaved Tetragonia. Clt. 1821. Shrub dec.
Cult. The same culture, propagation, and treatment as that
recommended for Mesembryanthemum will suit the species of
Tetragonia. The T. expansa, when wanted for spinach, may
be planted out in the open ground, about April or May.
III. SESLTVIUM (a name not explained by the author). Lin.
gen. 624. Lam. ill. t. 434. D. C. prod. 3. p. 453.
LIN. SYST. Icosdndria, Tri-Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted,
permanent ; lobes coloured on the inside. Petals wanting.
Stamens 15-30, inserted at the top of the calycine tube, which
is short. Ovarium distinct, sessile. Style wanting. Stigmas
3-5. Capsule 3, rarely 4-5-celled, circumcised, having the pla-
centiferous axis permanent. Seeds numerous. Embryo hooked.
— Smooth fleshy herbs, inhabitants of the sea-side ; with oppo-
site, quite entire, veinless leaves ; and axillary, solitary, alternate
flowers, which are either sessile or on short pedicels. Calyx
purplish inside.
1 S. PORTULACA'STRUM (Lin. spec. 446. exclusive of the syn.
of Rumphius) leaves linear or lanceolate-oblong, flat ; flowers
pedicellate. I/ . IX G. Native of the West Indies, Mexico,
and Senegal, by the sea-side. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 223. f. 2.
— Jacq. amer. t. 95. Aizoon Canariense, Andr. bot. rep. 201.
Calyx green outside, and reddish within. Stamens 25-30.
Var. a, pedunculdtmn ; flowers pedicellate. S. pedunculatum,
Pers. ench. 2. p. 39. Lam. ill. t. 434. f. 1.
Var, /3, sessile; flowers nearly sessile. S. sessile, Pers. ench.
FICOIDE^E. III. SESUVIUM. IV. AIZOON.
153
2. p. 39. D. C. pi. grass, t. 9. The plant is very succulent
and full of neutral alkalescent salt, which may be easily ex-
tracted, and would probably answer all the purposes for which
the salts of the kali are now used.
Sea Purslane. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1693. PI. dec.
2 S. LONGIFOLIUM (Willd. enum. p. 521.) leaves linear-spatu-
late ; joints of stem equal; flowers pedicellate. 1(L. D. S.
Native of South America, by the sea-side. S. Portulacastrum,
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 86. from Peru and Cu-
mana. Stamens 70-75 (ex Kunth, 1. c.). Leaves nearly 2
inches long with the petioles.
Long-leaved Sesuvium. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. dec.
3 S. REVOLUT1F6LIUM (Ort. dec. p. 19.) leaves ovate-oblong,
with revolute margins ; flowers sessile. If.. D. G. Native of
Cuba, by the sea-side. S. Portulacastrum ft, Sims, bot. mag.
t. 1701. Stamens very numerous. Stigmas 5-6. Leaves rather
glaucous, not deep green, as in S. Portulacastrum.
Revolute-leaved Sesuvium. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? PI. dec.
4 S. REOPENS (Willd. enum. p. 521.) leaves spatulate-lanceo-
late ; joints of stem rooting, filiform ; flowers pedicellate. O-?
D. S. Native of the East Indies. — Rumph. amb. 5. p. 165.
t. 72. f. 1.
Creeping Sesuvium. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. PL creep.
5 S. MICROPHY'LLUM (Willd. 1. c.) leaves roundish or lanceo-
late; stems trailing, having equal joints ; flowers pedicellate. T(..
D. S. Native about the Havannah, by the sea-side. Humb. et
Bonpl. S. spatulatum, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p.
87. Leaves 5 lines long with the petioles. Stamens 30.
Stigmas 3.
Small-leaved Sesuvium. PI. creeping.
6 S. PARVIFLORUM (D. C. prod. 3. p. 453.) leaves linear-
oblong, flat; flowers sessile. Tf.. D. G. Native about Monte
Video by the sea-side ; and of Chili, near Laguna del Arbolita,
on the west side of Rio Saladillo. Sesuvium, Lam. ill. t. 434.
f. 2. Trianthema Americana, Gill. mss. ex Arn. in Cheek,
edinb. journ. 1831. p. 354. Perhaps S. Portulacastrum /3.
Flowers red, one half smaller than those of S. Portulacastrum.
Small-flowered Sesuvium. PI. trailing.
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit this genus
of succulent plants ; and they require but little water. Cuttings
planted (after being dried a little) in the same kind of soil, root
freely, in heat.
IV. AIZO'ON (from ««, aei, always, and £«oe, zoos, alive ;
succulent plant, which will live under most circumstances). Lin.
gen. no. 629. Gsertn. fruct. 1. t. 76. Lam. ill. t. 437. D. C.
prod. 3. p. 453. — Veslingia, Fabr. helmst. p. 363. — Ficoidea,
Dill. Boerh.
LIN. SYST. Icosandria, Pentagynia, Calyx 5-parted, co-
loured, and petaloid inside. Petals wanting. Stamens about 20,
inserted in the bottom of the calyx, and disposed in 3-5 bundles.
Ovarium distinct, 5-angled. Stigmas 5, thick, sessile. Capsule
5-celled, opening at the apex by 5 chinks, which are disposed in
a stellate manner ; cells many-seeded. — Humble herbs or sub-
shrubs. Leaves fleshy, quite entire, alternate or opposite.
Flowers sessile in the axils of the leaves or forks of the stems,
rarely pedicellate, greenish on the outside.
* Leaves alternate.
1 A. CANARIE'NSS (Lin. spec. 700. but not of Andr.) stems
herbaceous, procumbent, branched, villous ; leaves alternate, ob-
ovately cuneiform, pubescent ; flowers sessile, rather adnate at
the origin of the branches. Tf.. D. G. Native of the Canary
Islands and Egypt, along the sea shore. D. C. pi. grass, t. 136.
Gllnus crystallinus, Forsk. descript. p. 95. t. 14. Ficoidea,
Niss. act. par. 1711. t. 13. f. 1. Veslingia caulifl6ra, Mcench.
VOL. III.
Veslingia Heisteri, Fabr. Calyx 5-angled, yellowish inside.
Stamens 2-4 at the fifth lobe of the calyx.
Canary-Island Aizoon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. PI. pr.
2 A. OLINOIDES (Lin. fil. atippl. 261.) stems herbaceous, de-
cumbent, hairy ; leaves alternate, obovate, petiolate, pubescent ;
flowers sessile, axillary, hairy. I/ . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 410. Calyx beset with white
hairs on the outside, and coloured on the inside ; when dry rather
rose-coloured. Limb of leaves about equal in length to the
petioles.
Glinus-like Aizoon. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1774. PI. dec.
* * Leaves opposite.
3 A. HISPA'NICUM (Lin. spec. 700.) stem herbaceous, erect,
branched ; branches spreading and erect, rather papulose at the
apex ; leaves opposite, linear, lanceolate, glabrous, sessile ;
flowers solitary, somewhat pedicellate, in the forks of the branches.
0. H. Native of Spain, Calabria, and Barbary, by the sea
side. D. C. pi. grass, t. 30.— Dill. elth. 1. f. 143. Aizoon
sessiliflorum, Mcench, meth. Calyx white on the inside, and
rather greenish on the outside. The plant from the Cape of
Good Hope under this name is different.
Spanish Aizoon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1728. PI. from 1
inch to \ foot.
4 A. TOMENTOSUM (Lam. diet. 3. p. 418.) stem suffruticose,
tomentose, branched ; leaves opposite, tomentose, linear-lanceo-
late, narrowed at the base, rather spatulate at the apex ; flowers
sessile in the forks of the stem. Jj . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. A. Hispanicum, Burm. cap. prod. p. 154.
Calyx yellowish inside, 5-lobed, rarely 4-lobed. Stamens 15.
Tomentose Aizoon. Shrub 1 foot?
5 A. STELLA'TUM (Lam. diet. 3. p. 418.) stem suffruticose,
branched, hispid at the apex ; leaves opposite, linear-spatulate,
hairy ; flowers panicled : pedicels and calyxes hairy. T; . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Calyx yellowish inside.
Stamens about 20.
Stellate Aizoon. Shrub 1 foot.
6 A. PERFOLIA'TUM (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 261.) stem suffruticose,
erect, tomentose, branched ; leaves opposite, connate, obovate-
oblong, full of crystalline dots ; flowers axillary, pedunculate,
solitary. Jj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Thunb. fl. cap. 411. Margins of leaves reflexed.
Perfoliale-leaved Aizoon. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 ft.
7 A. SARMENTOSUM (Lin. fil. suppl. 260.) stem suffruticose,
erectly diffuse, glabrous, branched ; leaves opposite, linear-fili-
form, rather connate, glabrous ; branches rather villous, 3-flow-
ered at the apex, the two lateral flowers are bracteated, and
spring from the sides of the middle one. f? . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 410. — Burm. afr. t. 26.
f. 2. good. Mesembryanthemum hexaphyllum, Haw. rev. p.
1 65. ex syn. Burm. This species differs from all in the inflor-
escence. The peduncles and fruit of the preceding year are per-
manent and lateral.
Sarmentose Aizoon. Shrub sarmentose.
8 A. PANICULA'TUM (Lin. spec. 700.) stems herbaceous, de-
cumbent, hairy ; leaves opposite, lanceolate, hairy ; flowers nearly
sessile on trichotomous peduncles, fj . D. G, Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 410.
Panicled Aizoon. PJ. decumbent.
-j- Species not sufficiently known.
9 A. RI'QIDUM (Lin. fil. suppl. 261.) stem suffrutescent, de-
cumbent ; branches hoary ; leaves ovate, acute, covered with
glaucous tomentum; flowers sessile, alternate, secund, remote.
F? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl.
cap. p. 409. In the character of this species it does not say
154:
. IV. AIZOON. V. MILTUS. VI. GLINUS. VII. ORYGIA. NITRARIACE^E.
whether the leaves are alternate or opposite. The leaves are
said to be ovate in the diagnosis, and in the description obovate.
Stiff Aizoon. Shrub decumbent.
10 A. FRUTICOSUM (Lin. fil. suppl. 1. c.) stem shrubby, erect,
glabrous, stiff; leaves lanceolate, glaucous, attenuated at the
base; flowers sessile. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 410. The description does not mention
whether the leaves are alternate or opposite.
Shrubby Aizoon. Shrub 1 foot.
1 1 A. SECU'NDUM (Lin. fil. suppl. 1. c.) stem herbaceous, hairy,
decumbent ; leaves ovate, acute, rather petiolate, beset with silky
villi ; flowers sessile, secund, axillary. — Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 409. Leaves a line long ; in the
diagnosis they are said to be ovate, but in the description ob-
ovate.
/Secunrf-flowered Aizoon. PI. decumbent.
Cult. This genus of succulent plants is not worth growing
except in botanical gardens. The culture, treatment, and pro-
pagation recommended for the genus Mesembrylmthemum will
answer well for the species of Aizoon also.
V. MI'LTUS (from /uiXroe, miltos, vermilion ; in reference to
the deep red colour of the whole plant). Lour. coch. p. 302.
D. C. prod. 3. p. 454.
LIN. SYST. Icosdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted, per-
manent, spreading, coloured. Petals wanting. Stamens 12, in-
serted in the bottom of the calyx ; anthers standing. Ovarium.
roundish. Style wanting ; stigmss 5, linear. Capsules 5, con-
nate, each containing one seed. — A prostrate shrub, with ob-
long, opposite, crowded leaves ; and crowded lateral flowers.
This genus differs from Glmus in the petals being absent in the
spreading calyx, and in the capsules being 1-seeded.
1 M. AFRICA'NUS (Lour. 1. c.) 17 . D. S. Native of the
eastern coast of Africa, in arid places, in the islands of the Mo-
sambique. Glinus Miltus, Raeusch. nom. Glinus Mosambi-
censis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 467. The whole herb is reddish.
African Miltus. Shrub prostrate 4 feet long.
Cult. See Sesuvium, p. 153. for culture and propagation.
VI. GLPNUS (a name given by Theophrastus to the maple).
Lin. gen. no. 610. Juss. gen. 316. Lam. ill. 413. D. C. prod.
3. p. 455.— Rolofa, Adans. fam. 2. p. 256.
LIN. SYST. Dodecdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted, con-
niving, permanent, coloured inside, with 3 of the sepals exterior,
and the other 2 interior. Petals strap-formed, 2-4-cleft at the
apex, from 5 to 20 in number, shorter than the calyx. Stamens
about 15. Ovarium distinct. Style very short or wanting;
stigmas 5. Capsule covered by the calyx, 5-valved, 5-celled.
Seeds numerous, minute, hanging by a very long involute funicle
each. Embryo spiral. — Branched procumbent tomentose herbs,
with alternate leaves or in unequal pairs. Flowers axillary,
almost sessile. The plants have the habit of Aizoon, but the
embryo is that of Caryophylleee.
SECT. I. GLINOLA (an alteration from the generic name).
D. C. prod. 3. p. 455. Alsine species, Tourn. Glinus, Rafin,
Petals 5. Capsule truly 5-celled.
1 G. LOTOIDES (Lin. spec. 663.) plant clothed with white wool,
diffuse, herbaceous ; leaves obovate, fascicled, unequal ; pedicels
1 -flowered, axillary. Q. H. Native of Spain, Sardinia, North
America, north of Africa, Archipelago, and Senegal, Egypt, Asia,
&c. in inundated places ; also of Chili, about Buenos Ayres.
Smith, fl. graec. t. 472. — Burm. fl. ind. t. 36. f. 1 — Barrel, icon.
t. 336. — Bocc. sic. t. 11. G. lotoides and G. dictamnoides, Lam.
diet. 2. p. 728. ill. 413. f. 1, 2. Sepals white inside, with red
margins. Pedicels aggregate.
Lotus-like Glinus. Fl. July. Clt. 1788. PI. prostrate.
•2 G. DICTAMNOIDES (Lin. mant. 243.) plant clothed with white
tomentum, prostrate, suffruticose ; leaves orbicular, flat, on very
short petioles ; flowers axillary, nearly sessile. Tj . G. Native
of the East Indies. Vahl. symb. 3. p. 64.— Pluk. amalth. t. 306.
f. 6. Petals yellow.
Dictamnus-like Glinus. Shrub prostrate.
SECT. II. ROLOFA (meaning unknown). D. C. prod. 3. p. 456.
— Plenckia, Rafin. speech. 1. p. 194. Petals numerous. Cap-
sule probably 1 -celled.
3 G. SETIFLORUS (Forsk. descr. 95.) plant hoary, suffruticose,
diffuse ; leaves nearly orbicular, in whorles, petiolate ; flowers
axillary, capitate. Tj . G. Native of Arabia Felix, about Dahi,
in inundated places. Vahl. symb. 3. p. 64. Plenckia setiflora,
Ralin. 1. c. Petals numerous, linear, yellow, divided into 3-4
bristles at the apex. Capsule 1 -celled, ex Forsk. Very like
Glinus lotoides ex Vahl.
Bristle-flowered Glinus. Shrub diffuse.
f Species not sufficiently knonin.
4 G. ? TRIANTHEMOIDES (Roth, nov. spec. 231.) plant pros-
trate, glabrous ; leaves obovate, wedge-shaped, rounded, mucro-
nate ; panicles loose, terete, opposite the leaves. — Native of the
East Indies. This plant differs from Glmus in the petals being
wanting. It is therefore perhaps a species of Miltus; but this
is still doubtful because the number of the seeds are unknown.
Trianthema-like Glinus. PI. prostrate.
Cult. These plants will grow well in a mixture of sand, peat,
and loam ; and young cuttings of the shrubby kinds will strike
root readily in the same kind of soil. The seeds of the annual
species had better be reared on the hot-bed, and when the plants
are of a sufficient size, they should be planted out into a warm
damp situation.
VII. ORY'GIA (altered from the Arabic name of the plant
Horudjrudj). Forsk. descr. p. 103. Juss. gen. p. 317. diet. sc.
nat. 36. p. 512. D. C. prod. 3. p. 455. — Portulaca species, Vahl.
LIN. SYST. Icosdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted, per-
manent. Petals numerous (20 ?), lanceolate. Stamens indefi-
nite. Ovarium distinct. Stigmas 5, filiform. Capsule globose,
girded by the calyx, 5-celled, 5-valved, many-seeded. — An
Arabian decumbent small shrub, with mealy ovate acute leaves,
and reddish violet flowers. O. portulacifolia is a species of
Tallnum.
1 O. DECU'MBENS (Forsk. 1. c.) Tj . D. F. Native of Ara-
bia Felix. Portulaca decumbens, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 33. Tali-
num decumbens, Willd. spec. 2. p. 864. Leaves bluish.
Decumbent Orygia. PI. decumbent.
Cult. A gravelly or sandy soil will suit this plant, and cut-
tings will root readily in the same kind of soil.
ORDER CXV. NITRARIA'CE^E (this order only contains
the genus Nitraria). Lindl. introd. nat. syst. p. 163.
Calyx inferior, 5-toothed, fleshy. Corolla of 5 petals, which
arise from the calyx, inflexed, valvular in aestivation. Stamens
3 times the number of the petals, perigynous ; anthers innate,
with 2 oblique, longitudinal lines of dehiscence. Ovarium su-
perior, 3 or more celled, with a continuous fleshy style, at the
apex of which are as many stigmatic lines as there are cells in
the fruit ; ovula pendulous, by means of a long funicle. Fruit
drupaceous, opening by 3 or 6 valves. Seeds solitary, without
albumen. Embryo straight, with the radicle next the hylum. —
Shrubs with deciduous, succulent, alternate leaves, which are
NITRARIACE^E. I. NITRARIA. REAUMURIACE.E. I. REAUMURIA.
155
sometimes in fascicles. Flowers in cymes, or solitary. The
affinity of Nitraria with Ficoidece is undoubtedly great, espe-
cially with Tetragonia; but its very different embryo, and the
peculiar aestivation of the petals, which is much more like that
of Rhdmnece remove it from that order.
I. NITRA'RIA (so named by Schreber, who first found it
in Siberia, near the nitre works, with other marine plants). Lin.
gen. no. 632. Lam. ill. t. 403. Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 58. D. C.
prod. 3. p. 456.
LIN. SYST. Dodecdndria, Monogynia. Character the same
as that of the order.
1 N. ScHOBE1 RI (Lin. spec. C38.) leaves cuneate, obtuse, mu-
cronate, quite entire. J; . H. Native of Siberia, about the
nitre works ; and of the Soongarian desert, in salt fields every
where, and about Loktewsk, as well as on the borders of the
Caspian Sea. Pall. fl. ross. 1. t. 50. f. a and b. Lam. ill. t.
403. f. 1. Flowers white, disposed in panicled cymes. The
Siberian and Caspian varieties are not different, unless in the
more luxuriant growth of the Caspian kind, which is owing to
its growing in a more humid situation than that of the Siberian
variety.
Schceber's Nitraria. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1778. Sh. 3 feet.
2 N. TRIDENTA'TA (Desf. fl. all. 1. p. 372.) leaves cuneated,
retuse, somewhat tridentate at the apex ; drupes ovate. Tj . H.
Native of Barbary and Egypt, in sandy fields. Peganum re-
tusum, Forsk. ex. Dill. ill. fl.aegyp. Branches spinose. Flowers
white, in panicled cymes. Fruit red.
Tridentate-leaved Nitraria. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1| foot.
3 N. SENEGALE'NSIS (Lam. ill. t. 403. f. 2. diet. 4. p. 493.)
leaves obovate, obtuse, quite entire ; drupes trigonal. Jj . S.
Native of Senegal. Flowers white, in panicled cymes. This
species is easily distinguished from the rest by its pyramidal tri-
gonal drupe.
Senegal Nitraria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
•f A doubtful species.
4 N. BILLARDIE'RII (D. C. prod. 3. p. 456.) leaves linear,
attenuated at the base, acutish, quite entire ; drupes ovate, acu-
minated. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Very nearly allied
to N. Schoberi, Labill. mss. but very different from it in the
fruit being ovate conical, as well as from growing in a different
part of the world.
La Billardier's Nitraria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. This is a genus of singular shrubs : they thrive best in
a sandy or gravelly soil, and should be occasionally refreshed
with salted water, or they will not flourish ; they may be in-
creased by layers ; or cuttings planted in sand, with a hand-glass
over them, strike root readily. The N. Senegalensis, being a
stove plant, and N. Billardieri should be grown in pots, in order
that they may be placed in their respective situations.
ORDER CXVI. REAUMURIA'CEJi (plants agreeing with
Reaumuria in important characters). Reaumuriea, Ehrenberg in
ann. des. sc. 12. p. 78. (1827). Lindl. introd. hot. p. 48.
Calyx 5-parted (f. 31. a.), surrounded externally by imbri-
cating bracteas. Petals 5 (f. 31. b.), hypogynous. Stamens de-
finite or indefinite (f. 3 1 .), hypogynous, with or without a hypo-
gynous disk; anthers peltate (f. 31. d.\ Ovarium superior.
Styles several (f. 31. /.) ; filiform or subulate. Fruit capsular
(f. 31. e.), with 2 or 5 valves, and as many cells, opening in the
middle of the cells. Seeds definite, villous. Embryo straight,
surrounded by a small quantity of mealy albumen, with the
radicle next the hylum. Shrubs. Leaves fleshy, scale-like or
small, and alternate, without stipulas. Flowers solitary. Dr.
Ehrenberg suggests (ann. sc. 1. c.) that Reaumbria and Holo-
Idchna, both of which have according to him hypogynous sta-
mens, may constitute a little group to be called Reaumuriece.
The order appears to be more nearly related to Hypericinece
than to either Ficoidece or Nitrariacece, and ought perhaps to
have followed that order among the Thalamiflorce in vol. I.
From the former it chiefly differs in its succulent habit, and
definite villous seeds, agreeing with Reaumuria, at least even in
the obliquity of the veins of the petals, and in the leaves being
dotted. From Ficoidece its hypogynous stamens and seeds dis-
tinguish it ; from Tamariscinece, its plurilocular ovarium and
distinct styles ; from Nitrariacece, its erect villous seeds, dis-
tinct styles, and hypogynous stamens. Saline matter is present
in these plants in great abundance.
Synopsis of the genera.
} REAUMUVRIA. Calyx 5-parted (f. 31. a.), involucrated by
crowded leaves on the outside. Filaments indefinite (f. 38. J,
joined at the base into 5 bundles.
2 HOIOLA'CHNA. Calyx 4-5-parted. Stamens 8-10, mona-
delphous.
I. REAUMU'RIA (so named by Haselquist in honour of
Rene Antoine Ferchault de Reaumur, member of th,e Academy
of Sciences at Paris, &c. ; author of several Memoirs, Histoire
des Insects, &c. He died in 1757). Lin. gen. 686. Lam. ill.
489. D. C. prod. 3. p. 456.
LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted (f. 31.
a.), involucrated by leaves on the outside. Petals 5 (f. 31. 4.),
furnished with a ciliated appendage on each side at the base.
Ovarium distinct. Stigmas 5-6, filiform (f. 3 !._/".). Capsule
5-celled, 5-valved ; dissepiments easily separated from the valves.
Seeds 2 in each cell, very villous. — Oriental shrubs, with fleshy,
alternate, glaucous, dotted leaves, exuding globules of a saline
alkali. Flowers solitary at the tops of the branches.
1 R. VERMICULA'TA (Lin spec. 754.) leaves subulate, semi-
terete, imbricated, crowded on the branches. Tj . F. Native of
Sicily, Barbary, and Egypt, on the sea shore. Lam. ill. 489. f.
1. Desf. atl. 1. p. 481. — Lob. icon. 380. Flowers white or
pale red. Habit of Chenopodum fruticbsum. Hairs on the seeds
rufous, and very stiff.
Vermiculated Reaumuria. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1828. Sh. 1 ft.
2 R. HYPERICOIDES (Willd.
spec. 2. p. 1250.) leaves lanceo-
late, flat, rather remote. fj .
F. Native of Syria, Tauria, and
Persia, in arid places. Lam, ill.
489. f. 2. Ker. hot. reg. t. 845.
Hypericum alternifolium, Labill.
syr. dec. 2. t. 10. R. linifolia,
Sal. par. lond. t. 18. R. cistoi-
des, Willd. enum. p. 578. R. ver-
miculata var. /3, and perhaps also
var. a, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 17. —
Buxb. cent. 2. t. 35. Flowers of
a purplish rose-colour. Hairs on
seeds woolly, (f. 31.)
St. John' s-wort-like Reaumu-
ria. Fl. Jul. Oct. Clt. 1800. Sh.
1 to 2 feet.
x2
FIG. 31.
156
REAUMURIACE.E. II. HOLOLACHNA. CACTE^E.
Cult. Elegant little shrubs of easy culture ; they thrive best
in a mixture of sandy loam and peat ; and young cuttings readily
strike root under a hand-glass.
II. HOLOLA'CHNA. This genus having already been de-
scribed under the order Tamaracinees, it is only necessary here
to refer to vol. II. p. 728. where all the details of the genus will
be found.
ORDER CXVII. CA'CTEjE (this order contains the genus
Cactus, and all the genera recently separated from it). D.C.
prod. 3. p. 457. mem. cact. in mem. mus. vol. 17. p. 1-119.
— Cactoideae, Vent. tabl. 3. p. 289.— Nopaleae, D. C. theor.
elem. 216. — Cacti, Juss. gen. p. 310. exclusive of Grossu-
larieae. — Opuntiaceee, Juss. diet. 35. p. 144. exclusive of Gros-
sularieae. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 65. — Cactus,
Lin. gen. no. 613. Willd. enum. hort. berol. p. 30. Link,
enum. 2. p. 21. &c.
Calyx composed of many sepals, usually indefinite in number,
and confounded with the petals, united and adnate a great
length to the ovarium ; with the tube smooth in the genera Mam-
millaria, Melocdctus, and Rhipsalis ; or with the lobes of the se-
pals crowning the fruit, and having the tube scaly as in the genera
Ccreus, Opuntia, and Pereskia. Petals disposed in two or more
series, hardly distinguishable from the inner sepals, and some-
what united to them ; sometimes irregular, and disposed in a long
tube at the base, but distinct at the apex, as in the genera Mam-
millaria, Melocdctus, and Cereus ; sometimes equal and distinct
to the very base, forming a rotate corolla, as in the genera Opun-
tia, Pereskia, and Rhipsalis. Stamens indefinite, disposed in
many series, more or less cohering with the petals or inner
sepals ; filaments slender, filiform : in the genus Opuntia they
are irritable to the touch ; anthers ovate, versatile, 2-celled.
Ovarium obovate, fleshy, 1-celled: with numerous ovula, ar-
ranged upon parietal placentas, which are equal in number to the
lobes of the stigma. Style filiform, sometimes full and sometimes
fistular ; stigmas numerous, cither spreading or collected into a
cluster. Fruit fleshy, 1-celled, many-seeded, either smooth and
crowned by the calyx, or covered with scales, scars, or tuber-
cles, and umbilicate at the apex. Seeds, when young parietal,
but when mature imbedded in the pulp with which the cells are
filled, oval or obovate, without albumen. Embryo either straight,
curved, or spiral ; with a short, thick, obtuse radicle ; cotyledons
flat, thick, foliaceous in Opuntia and other leaf-bearing genera,
very small in Melocdctus, and perhaps almost obsolete in Mam-
millaria and other leafless genera.
This order contains fleshy or succulent shrubs, very variable
in habit. Stems usually angular, winged, or regularly beset with
tubercles, rarely terete, usually jointed ; joints compressed.
Leaves usually wanting, but when present small, caducous, and
terete, sometimes like those of Sedum, rarely flat and expanded,
sometimes alternate and disposed in a spiral order, always gla-
brous and fleshy. Prickles or bristles disposed in fascicles,
rising from the axils of the leaves ; in the leafless genera the
fascicles of spines are disposed on the angles of the stem, rising
from tubercles. Flowers very variable, showy, or minute, usually
solitary, sessile, rarely in fascicles, ephemeral, expanding by
night or by day.
It has already been remarked, on more than one occasion in
this work, that the state of that remarkable distention or in-
crease of cellular tissue of vegetables, from which the name of
succulent is derived, is no indication of natural affinity, but rather
to be considered a modification of structure, which may be com-
mon to all tribes. Hence the immediate relationship of Cdctece
is neither with Eupfiorbiacece, nor Laurmece, nor any other tribe
of succulent plants, but with Grossularieix, in which no tendency
whatever to an increase of cellular tissue exists. Through Rhip-
salis, which is said to have a central placenta, Cacleae are con-
nected with Purtulacece, to which also the curved embryo of the
section of Opuntiacece probably indicates an approach. De Can-
dolle further traces an affinity between these plants and Ficoidece.
For an elaborate account of this order, see his Memoir above
quoted.
The fruit is very similar in properties to those of Grossularia,
some being refreshing and agreeable to the taste, others mucila-
ginous and insipid ; they are all, however, destitute of the ex-
cessive acidity of some gooseberries and currants. The fruit of
Cactus Opuntia, has the property of staining red the urine of
those who eat it. The juice of Mammillaria vulgaris is remark-
able for being slightly milky, and at the same time sweet and
insipid.
Synopsis of the genera.
TRIBE I.
OPUNTIA%CE«. Ovula, and therefore the seeds, fixed to the
parietes of the fruit.
1 MAMMJLLA'RIA. Tube of calyx adhering to the ovarium ;
lobes 5-6, coloured, crowning the young fruit. Petals 5-6,
hardly distinguishable from the calyx. Stamens disposed in many
series. Stigma 5-7-cleft. Berry smooth.
2 MELOCA'CTUS. Tube of calyx adhering to the ovarium ;
lobes 5-6, petaloid, crowning the young fruit. Petals 5-6, united
into a long tube with the sepals. Stamens disposed in many
series. Stigma 5-rayed. Fruit smooth.
3 ECHINOCA'CTUS. Sepals numerous, imbricate, adhering to
the ovarium : outer ones in the form of an involucrum : inner
ones petal-formed. Stamens numerous. Style multifid at the
apex. Berry scaly from the remains of the sepals.
4 CE'REUS. Sepals very numerous, imbricate, adnate to the
base of the ovarium, united into an elongated tube : outer ones
shorter and like a calyx : middle ones longer and coloured,
innermost ones petal-formed. Style multifid at the apex. Berry
areolate, tubercular or scaly from the remains of the sepals.
5 EPIPHY'LLUM. Tube of calyx very long, furnished with
remote scales ; limb of corolla multifid, rosaceous or ringent.
Branches flat.
6 OPU'NTIA. Sepals numerous, leaf-formed, adnate to the
ovarium : upper ones flat and short : inner ones petal-formed,
obovate and expanded, with no tube above the ovarium. Sta-
mens numerous, shorter than the petals. Stigmas numerous,
CACTE^E. I. MAMMILLARIA.
157
erect, thick. Berry oval, umbilicate at the apex, either tuber-
cled or spiny.
7 PERE'SKIA. Sepals leaf-formed, numerous, adnate to the
ovarium, and usually permanent above the fruit. Corolla rotate,
almost as in Opuntia. Stamens numerous, much shorter than
the petals. Stigmas aggregate, in a spiral manner. Berry glo-
bose or ovate.
TRIBE II.
RmpSALiDEiE. Ovula, and therefore the seeds fixed to the
central axis of the fruit,
8 RHI'PSALIS. Tube of calyx smooth, adhering to the ova-
rium ; limb superior, 3-6-parted, short. Petals 6, oblong, in-
serted in the calyx. Stamens 12-18, fixed to the petals. Stig-
mas 3-6, spreading. Berry roundish, pellucid, crowned by the
dead calyx.
Tribe I.
OPUNTIA'CE/E (plants agreeing with Opiintia in important
characters). D. C. prod, 3. p. 458. Ovula, and therefore the
seeds fixed to the parietes of the berry.
I. MAMMILLA'RIA (from mamma, the nipple ; the plants
are covered with mammaeform tubercles, spirally disposed, the
mammae bearing radiating spines at the apex and deciduous to-
mentum). Haw. syn. 177. D. C. prod. 3. p. 458. — Cactus and
Mammillaria, D.C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 83. — Echinocaetus, Willd.
enum. suppl. 30. exclusive of some species. — Cactus, sect. A.
Link. enum. 2. p. 21.
LIN. SYST. Icosandria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx adhering
to the ovarium ; lobes 5-6, coloured, crowning the young fruit.
Petals 5-6, hardly distinguishable from the calyx, and longer than
it, united into a tube with the sepals. Stamens filiform, disposed
in many series. Style filiform. Stigmas 5-7, radiating. Berry
smooth. Seeds imbedded in the pulp. Cotyledons obsolete
(ex Nutt.). Fleshy, succulent, shrubby plants, of a roundish
or subcylindrical form, destitute of a woody axis (perhaps in
all ?), lactescent, leafless ; bearing rather conical, mammaeform,
crowded tubercles, which are disposed in a spiral manner, ter-
minating in radiating spines and deciduous tomentum. Flowers
sessile at the base of the mammae, usually disposed in a trans-
verse zone around the plant. Berries obovate, eatable, crowned
by the marcescent calyx, which at length becomes deciduous.
Tubercles of the stem very similar to the leaves of Mesembry-
anthemum barbatum.
\ M. MAGNIMA'MMA (Haw. in phil mag. vol. 63. p. 41.)
plant nearly globose, depressed ; tubercles or mammae large,
hard, and very green, when young woolly at the apex, but when
old quite smooth, each terminated by 4 very stiff, radiating, re-
curved, yellow spines : the upper one of which is very minute,
and the lower one much elongated. fj . D. S. Native of
Mexico. This is a very pretty species. The tubercles are large,
tetragonal, and cylindrical, very broad at the base, and much
depressed ; the spines very strong and very stiff, broadish, re-
curved, furrowed longitudinally, when young pale brown and
black at the apex, but when old wholly black, and with wool at
the base ; wool at the base of the spines vanishing.
Large-teated Mammillaria. Clt. 1823. Shrub ^ to f foot.
2 M. CORONA'RIA (Haw. rev. p. 69.) plant simple, cylindrical,
when young clavate ; tubercles or mammae large, ovate, woolly,
and spiny at the apex ; spines stiff, rising from white tomentum,
exterior ones white : interior ones brown. Tj . D. G. Native
of Mexico. Cactus coronatus, Willd. enum. suppl. 30. Cactus
cylindricus, Ort. dec. p. 128. t. 16. but not of Lam. This is a
very beautiful species, and the tallest of all the genus ; it is
about 5 feet high, and half a foot in diameter. Flowers scarlet.
Tubercles or mammae at the top of the stem are the longest, and
as if they were forming in a crown.
Crmvn Mammillaria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. Sh. 5 feet.
3 M. DISCOLOR (Haw. syn. 177. D. C. diss. t. 2. f. 2.) plant
globose, somewhat depressed, almost simple, with glabrous axils ;
tubercles or mammae ovate, hardly woolly at the tips, but bear-
ing spines : outer spines setaceous and white, spreading and
stiffish : inner ones fewer and brown, straight and more rigid.
Tj . D. S. Native of South America. Colla, hort. ripul. append.
3. t. 11. Cactus depressus, D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 84.
Cactus pseudo-mammillaris, Salm-Dyck. mss. C. Spinii, Colla
antol. 6. p. 501. Plant 3-4 inches high. There are 13-15 series
of tubercles, winding to the right. Flowers longer than the tu-
bercles, more spreading at the apex than in M. simplex, white
inside, but of a dirty reddish colour on the outside.
Two-coloured-spined Mammillaria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1800.
Shrub ^ to ^ foot.
4 M. LANIFERA (Haw. in phil. mag. vol. 63. p. 41. D. C.
diss. t. 4.) plant simple, terete, obovate, clothed with woolly to-
mentum all over ; tubercles or mammae bearing 20 or more
radiating, straight, spreading spines at the apex : outer spines
smaller and white : inner ones strong and fulvescent. Tj . D. S.
Native of Mexico. Cactus canescens, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex.
icon ined- Plant 3-4 inches high. F'lowers red, longer than
the tubercles (ex fl. mex.).
Wool-bearing Mammillaria. Clt. 1823. Shrub | foot.
5 M. FLAVE'SCENS (D. C. prod. 3. p. 459.) plant obovate,
rather proliferous at the top ; axils woolly ; tubercles or mammae
ovate, woolly at the apex, and bearing spines ; spines stiff, long,
straight, yellowish. ^ • D. S. Native of South America.
Cactus flavescens, D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 83. M. straminea,
Haw. ex Salm-Dyck. in litt. Cactus flavescens and C. stra-
mineus, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 494. Plant 4-5 inches high. The
tubercles are disposed in 13-14 series, which wind to the right.
Yellmvish-spmed Mamillaria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1811.
Shrub -1 to ^ foot.
6 M. FULVISPINA (Haw. in phil. mag. oct. 1829. p. 10(5.)
plant roundish ; tubercles or mammae bearing about 13 spines
each at the apex, about 4 of which are a little longer than the
rest : outer ones horizontal. T? . D. S. Native of Brazil.
Flowers large, red, nearly like those of M. rhoddntha (Otto),
but probably larger, and the spines are longer ; lower spines 3
lines long, white, almost covering the whole plant : and the 4
upper ones spreading, and 2 or 3 times longer than the rest, of
a fulvous colour.
Bromn-spined Mammillaria. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1829. Sh.-lto^-ft.
7 M. PROLIFERA (Haw. syn. 177. suppl. 71.) plant obovate,
proliferous at the base ; axils woolly ; spines long, straight, of
a whitish straw-colour. ^ . D. S. Native of South America.
Cactus mammillaris prolifer, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 175.
Offsets rising from the plant at the very base, from which it is
easily known from M.Jlavescens (ex Salm-Dyck.).
Proliferous Mammillaria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1800. Sh.
| to | foot.
8 M. DE'NSA (Link, et Otto, pi. rar. hort. berol. t. 35.)
plant cylindrical, glaucescent ; tubercles or mammae conical,
dense ; spines numerous, yellowish, 1 of which in each fascicle
is larger than the others. fj . D. S. Native of Mexico, on the
mountains.
Dense Mammillaria. Clt. ? Shrub i foot.
9 M. BICOLOR (Lehm. in pi. nov. hort. hamb. ex bot. zeit.
1831. p. 132.) plant obovate, proliferous at top ; axils woolly ;
mammae twisted spirally, ovate, pyramidal, woolly at the apex,
158
CACTEJL. I. MAMMILLARIA.
and bearing spines ; spines setaceous, divaricate, white, 2 of
which are erect in each fascicle, and much longer than the rest,
spaceolate at the apex. Tj . D. S. Native of Mexico, on the
mountains.
Two-coloured Mammillaria. Clt. ? Shruh ^ foot.
10 M. SIMPLEX (Haw. syn. 177.) plant simple, obovate ; axils
glabrous ; tubercles or mammae ovate, bearing stiff, straight,
radiating spines at the apex, fj • D. S. Native of South Ame-
rica, and the islands. Cactus mammiHaris, Lin. spec. 666. D. C.
pi. grass, t. 3. Cat. hort. monsp. 83. Plant 6-8 inches long.
There are about 18 or 20 series of tubercles, winding to the
left. Spines shortish and red. Tomentum short, deciduous.
Axils, when young, rather tomentose. Flowers white. Berry red.
Simple Mammillaria. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1688. Sh. |to| ft.
11 M. PARVIMA'MMA (Haw. suppl. 72.) plant nearly globose,
proliferous at the top ; tubercles or mammae numerous, small,
clothed with white tomenturn at the apex, each terminating in
10 or 12 rather stiff, dark purple spines. 1£. D. S. Native of
South America. Cactus microthele, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 494.
The character is from Salm-Dyck. in litt.
Small-teated Mammillaria. Clt. 1817. PI. Jto £ foot.
12 M. ELONGA'TA (D. C. mem. cact. in mem. mus. vol. 17.
p. 109.) plant usually multiple at the base, cylindrical, elon-
gated, a little branched, with the axils broad and naked ; mammae
or tubercles very short, broad at the base, obtuse at the apex,
with the areolae of the younger ones rather tomentose ; prickles
setiform, 16-18 in each fascicle, radiating, yellow, much longer
than the mammae, without any central ones. (7 . D. S. Native
of Mexico, where it was discovered and sent to Europe by Dr.
1 Coulter, as well as all the following species.
Elongated Mammillaria. Clt. 1830. PI. ^ foot.
13 M. ECHINA'RIA (D. C. 1. c. p. 110.) plant usually multiple
at the base, cylindrical, elongated, with the axils broad and
naked ; mammae naked, very short, broad at the base, and ob-
tuse at the apex, with the areolae of the younger ones rather
tomentose ; prickles bristle-formed, 16-18 in a fascicle, radiating,
spreadingly recurved, yellow, much longer than the mammas,
with the 2 central ones stiffer and brownish. ^ . D. S. Native
of Mexico. Flowers bearded at the base, sessile in the axils,
small and pale.
Hedgehog Mammillaria. Clt. 1830. PL •£ foot.
14 M. SUBCROCEA (D. C. 1. c.) plant usually multiple at the
base, cylindrical, with narrow, rather woolly axils; mammae
ovate, short, with the areolae of the younger ones rather tomen-
tose ; prickles bristle-formed, 16-18 in a fascicle, radiating,
yellow, longer than the mammae, but when old becoming copper-
coloured, without any central ones. Jj . D. S. Native of Mexico.
Coulter, no. 36. Flowers small, sessile, solitary in the axils of
the mammae, forming a circle round the top of the plant. Style
permanent ; stigma many-cleft. Berry ovate, about the size
of a pea, crowned by the floral remains. Plant 2-3 inches high,
and 9-11 lines in diameter, with 12-15 mammae in each series,
which series bend to the left.
Subcroceous-sp'med Mammillaria. Clt. 1830. PI. ^ foot.
15 M. TE'NUIS (D. C. 1. c.) plant multiple at the base, cylin-
drical, with narrow, naked axils ; mammas ovate, with the areolae
of the young ones rather woolly; prickles bristle-formed, 20-25
in a fascicle, yellow, radiating, a little longer than the mammae,
without any central ones. ^ . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coul-
ter, no. 34. Plant 3-4 inches high, and 5 lines in diameter.
Var. ft, media (D. C. 1. c.) stem thicker ; central prickles
wanting or solitary. Tj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Plant 10-
1 2 lines in diameter. Perhaps a proper species, or perhaps M.
ctespitdsa, Hort. berol. according to Salm-Dyck.
Slender Mammillaria. Clt. 1 830. PI. ^ foot.
16 M. INTERTE'XTA (D. C. 1. c.) plant multiple at the base
cylindrical, with narrow axils ; mammae ovate, much crowded
hidden by the congeries of prickles, with the areolae smoothish ;
prickles 20-2.5 in a fascicle, stiff, yellow, radiating, interwoven
from the mammae being so close together. Tj . D. S. Native
of Mexico. Coulter, no. 37. Plant 4 inches high, and
1 inch in diameter. Prickles 3-4 inches long, sometimes some-
what echinated. According to a letter received from Dr. Coul-
ter to De Candolle, this and the 4 preceding species will form,
as he conceives, only one species ; the appearance of these
plants have a striking likeness to each other, but these differences
appear to De Candolle real, and permanent, and he considers
them as forming a small group of the genus, remarkable for the
elongation of their stems, and for their yellow appearance.
Inlerjvoven-spined Mammillaria. Clt. 1830. PI. ^ foot.
17 M. CYLINDRICA (D. C. 1. c. p. 1 1 1 .) plant simple, cylin-
drical, with a few bristles in the axils ; mammae ovate, with
smoothish areolaa ; bristles 20-25, in a fascicle, radiating, white,
shorter than the mammae : the 2 central prickles stiff and diverg-
ing, twice the length of the surrounding bristles. Tj . D. S.
Native of Mexico (Coulter). This plant is easily distinguished
from all the preceding, in the colour of the mammae being deep
green, not yellow. Plant 5 inches high, and 1 inch in diameter.
Bristles l-j-2 lines long, and the central prickles 3-4 lines long.
Cylindrical Mammillaria. PI. \ foot.
18 M. E'LEGANS (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple, obovate, somewhat
umbilicate at the apex, with naked axils ; mammae ovate, having
the areolae of the young ones rather tomentose ; bristles 25-30 in
each fascicle, white, radiating, stiffish, and with 1-3 stiff, erect
prickles, which are a little longer than the bristles that surround
them, fj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 48. Plant
2 inches high and 2 inches in diameter.
Var. ft, minor (D. C. 1. c.) plant exactly obovate, one half
smaller than the species, but it is probably a young plant of the
same,
Var. y, globosa (D. C. 1. c.) plant larger, globose, with the
upper axils bearded. Perhaps the same, but an old plant.
Elegant Mammillaria. PI. -| foot.
19 M. RA'DIANS (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple, nearly globose, with
naked axils ; mammae ovate, large, with the areolae smoothish ;
prickles 16-18 in a fascicle, radiating, white, stiff, when young
rather tomentose, without any central ones. T; . D. S. Native
of Mexico. Coulter, no. 35. There are varieties of this plant
either with an obtuse or a depressed apex, and the spines either
white or yellowish. Plant about 3 inches high, and the same
in diameter. Prickles 5-6 lines long.
Radiating-prickled Mammillaria. PI. -j foot.
20 M. IRREGULA'RIS (D. C. 1. c.) plant multiple, and rather
tuberous at the base, with ovate offsets, and naked axils ; mammae
oblong, with smoothish areolse ; bristles 20-25 in each fascicle,
white, a little reflexed, without any central prickles, fj . D. S.
Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 31. Plant 2 inches high, with
offsets an inch in diwneter. Bristles 2 lines long.
Irregular Mammillaria. PI. -J foot.
21 M. CREBRISPINA (D. C. 1. c.) plant multiple at the base;
offsets ovate ; axils naked ; mammae ovate, short, crowded, with
the areolae smoothish ; prickles straight, outer 16-17 radiating
and white, central 3 brown and erect, fj . D. S. Native of
Mexico. Coulter, no. 14. Plant 2 inches high and 1$ inch in
diameter. The prickles, from the mammee being close, nearly
hide the stem.
Thick-spined Mammillaria. PI. 2 inches.
22 M. CONOIDEA (D. C. 1. c. p. 112.) plant simple, ovate-coni-
cal, with the axils woolly in the young state ; mammas ovate,
crowded, with the areolae rather tomentose while young ; prickles
straight, stiff, the outer 15-16 radiating, but the central 3-5 are
erectly diverging, brown, and rather longer than the ray ones.
CACTEJE. I. MAMMILLAIUA.
159
Tj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 22. Allied to M.
crebrisplna, and is perhaps M. cbnica, Haw. Flowers of a red-
dish-violaceous colour, few in number, rising near the top of the
stem.
Conoid Mammillaria. PL \ foot.
23 M. COMPRE'SSA (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple, cylindrically-
clavate ; axils when young woolly and bristly ; mammae ovate,
short, angular at the base, and as if they were compressed be-
neath, with the areolae rather tomentose ; prickles 4-5 in each
fascicle, unequal, white, lower one the longest. Tj . D. S. Na-
tive of Mexico. Coulter. Plant 5 inches high, an inch broad
at the base, and 1^ inch in diameter at the top.
Compressed Mammillaria. PI. \ foot.
24 M. coRtdrERA (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple, globose, with
naked axils ; mammae ovate, thick, crowded, with the areolae
smoothish ; outer prickles 16-17, radiating grey, with a strong,
longer, erect, rather incurved one in the middle of each fascicle.
J? . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter. Plant 3 inches in dia-
meter, 2^ broad. Ray prickles 5-6 lines long, and the central
one 7-8 lines long.
Horn-bearing Mammillaria. PI. ^ foot.
25 M. CRINITA (D. C. 1. c.) plant globose, depressed, multiple
at the base ; axils naked ; mammas ovate, thick, with the areolae
smoothish ; bristles 15-20 in each fascicle, white, elongated,
rather radiating : central prickles yellow, stiff, hooked at the
apex, length of the bristles that surround them. T? . D. S.
Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 28. Plant 1 inch high, l|.
inch in diameter. Bristles 8-9 lines long.
Var. (3, paucisetce (D . C. 1. c.) axils woolly ; bristles 8-10 in
a fascicle. Sometimes the bristles are nearly all deciduous.
Coulter, no. 29.
Hairy Mammillaria. PI. 1 inch.
26 M. c^EspiTiTiA (D. C. 1. c.) plant multiple at the base,
tufted, aggregate, globose ; axils naked ; mammae few, ovate,
with the areolae smoothish ; prickles straight, stiff, when young
whitish-yellow, but in the adult state greyish : outer ones 9-11
in each fascicle, radiating, with 1-2 longer, erect, central ones.
Ij . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter. Tufts 4 inches broad.
Offsets an inch in diameter.
Tufted Mammillaria. PI. £ foot.
27 M. SUJBANGULA'RIS (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple or multiple at
the base, nearly globose, depressed ; axils for the most part
woolly ; mammae ovate, thick, short, angularly tetragonal from
pressing so close against each other, with the areolae of the young
ones tomentose ; prickles 6-8 in each fascicle, erectly diverging,
Unequal, of a pale grey colour. fj . D. S. Native of Mexico.
Coulter. Plant nearly 3 inches high and 1|- broad. Prickles
3-10 lines long.
Subangular-teated Mammillaria. Clt. 1830. PI. -j foot.
28 M. MACRACA'NTHA (D. C. 1. c. p. 113.) plant simple, glo-
bose, depressed, with some of the axils naked, and some of them
>earded with wool ; mammae ovate, rather tetragonal, with the
ireolae of the young ones rather tomentose; prickles 1-2, very
ong, pungent, white, or brownish. Tj . D. S. Native of Mexico.
Coulter, no. 44. Perhaps the same as M. magnimfimma, Haw.?
?rickles 2 inches long. Plant 1^-2 inches high, and 3-6 inches
n diameter. Prickles rather angular.
Long-spined Mammillaria. PI. -^ foot.
29 M. LONGIMA'MMA (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple, or rather mul-
:iple at the base, ovate, or nearly cylindrical ; axils woolly ;
mammae ovate-oblong, dense, with the areolae tomentose ; prickles
)-10 in each fascicle, pungent, of a greenish brown colour. Tj .
. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 30. Plant 3-4 inches
ligh, and 2 inches broad. Prickles 6-9 lines long.
Long-teated Mammillaria. PI. •£• foot.
30 M. OCTACA'NTHA (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple, ovate-oblong,
8
nearly cylindrical ; axils naked ; mammae oblong, rather tetra-
gonal, with the areolae of the young ones rather tomentose ;
prickles stiff, the outer 7 in each fascicle radiating and white,
with a central one, which is stiffer, longer, and of a fuscescent-
colour. Jj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 39. Plant
3 inches high, 2 inches broad. Outer prickles 3-4 lines long ;
central one 6 lines long.
Eight-spined Mammillaria. PI. -| foot.
31 M. LEUCACA'NTHA (D. C. I.e.) plant multiple at the base,
ovate; axils naked; mammae few, ovate-tetragonal, with the areolae
of the young ones glabrous ; prickles 6-7 in each fascicle, stiff,
white, sometimes all radiating, and sometimes the one in the
centre is erect. T? . D. S. Native of Mexico, Coulter. Plant
an inch and a half high, and hardly an inch broad. Prickles 4
lines long.
White-spined Mammillaria. PI. ^ foot.
32 M. DIVE'RGENS (D. C. 1. c.) plant multiple at the base,
nearly globose, depressed ; axils woolly and bristly ; mammae
ovate, crowded, with the areolae of the young ones woolly ;
prickles 5-6 in each fascicle, unequal, pungent, white, but
brownish at the apex, diverging, and somewhat tetragonal. ^ •
D. S. Native of Mexico, Coulter. Perhaps only a variety of
M. macracdntha. Tufts 6-7 inches broad, and 2 inches high.
Diverging -splned. Mammillaria. PI. -J foot.
33 M. TRIACA'NTHA (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple, obovate, nearly
cylindrical, bluntly truncate ; axils hardly woolly, but with a few
bristles ; mammas ovate, much crowded, with the areolse of the
young ones tomentose ; prickles 3 in each fascicle, erect, white,
lower one the longest, tending downwards, 2 lateral ones very
short. Tj . D. S. Native of Mexico, Coulter, no. 46. Plant
3 inches high, and 1J inch broad. Sometimes there is a fourth
prickle in each bundle, but when this is present it is very short.
Three-spined Mammillaria. PI. ^ foot.
34 M. SEMPERVIVI (D. C. 1. c. p. 114.) plant simple, attenu-
ated at the base, depressed at the apex, disk-formed; axils
woolly ; mammae erect, ovate-tetragonal, with the areolae smooth-
ish ; bristles 3-4 in each fascicle, stiff, short, and white, and 2
thick, short, diverging prickles. Ty . D. S. Native of Mexico.
Coulter, no. 57. Plant 2^ inches broad, and 1-J high.
Var. ft, tetracdntfia (D. C. 1. c.) plant densely bearded in the
axils ; bristles none ; prickles 4, short, diverging. Tj . D. S.
Native of Mexico.
Sempervivum-like Mammillaria. PL ^ foot.
35 M. DISCIFO'RMIS (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple, depressed, disk-
formed ; axils naked ; mammae crowded, short, depressed, tetra-
gonal, with the areolae of the young ones rather tomentose, and
of the adult ones somewhat unarmed ; prickles 5, in each cen-
tral mamma, stiff, white, erect, fj . D. S. Native of Mexico.
Coulter, no. 50. Plant 3 inches broad, and hardly an inch
high.
Disk-formed Mammillaria. PL 1 inch.
36 M. LATIMA'MMA (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple, depressed,
somewhat discoid : with the younger axils woolly ; mammae short,
broadly ovate, at length depressed, transversely oblong, with the
areolae of the young ones woolly ; prickles 16-17 in each fas-
cicle, stiff, yellowish, rather fuscescent at the apex, diverging,
unequal. Pj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 54.
Plant 5 and a half inches in diameter, and hardly an inch and a
half high.
Broad-teated Mammillaria. PL 1 inch.
37 M. GEMINISPINA (Haw. in phil, mag. 63. p. 42. D. C. diss.
t. 3.) plant simple, cylindrically columnar ; axils very woolly ;
tubercles or mammas small, very numerous ; spines small, white,
interwoven, 2 of which in each fascicle are much longer than the
rest, fj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Cactus columnaris, Moc.
et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Plant half a foot high. Flowers
160
CACTE^E. I. MAMMILLARIA. II. MELOCACTUS.
red, a little longer than the tubercles. Haworth's plant appears
to be different from that of De Candolle.
Twin-spmed Mammillaria. Clt. 1823. Shrub | foot.
38 M. VIVI'PARA (Haw. suppl. p. 72.) plant multiple; offsets
nearly globose ; tubercles or mammae cylindrically ovate, bearded,
marked by a proliferous furrow above ; flowers central, large,
exserted. Jj . D. F. Native of Louisiana, on high hills about
the river Missouri. Cactus viviparus, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p.
295. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 494. exclusive of Haw. syn. Each
tuft of the plant in its native place of growth is 2 or 3 feet in
diameter. Flowers deep red, almost like those of Cereus Jlagel-
I'fbrmis, Outer lobes of calyx ciliated. Berries about the size
of grapes, fusiform, greenish.
Viviparous Mammillaria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1811. PI. 4 ft.
39 M. CLOMERA'TA (D.-C. prod. 3. p. 459.) plant tufted ;
tubercles or mammae clavate, glaucous, tomentose, furnished with
a stellate bunch of spines each at the apex. Tj . D. S. Native
ol St. Domingo, in marshes. Plum. ed. Burm. 201. f. 1. Cactus
glomeratus, Lam. diet. 1. p. 257. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 494. ex-
clusive of the synonyme of Haworth. Flowers red.
Glomerate Mammillaria. Shrub ^ foot.
40 -M. PUSI'LLA (D. C. diss. t. 2. f. 1.) plant multiple, round-
ish ; axils a little bearded ; tubercles or mammae ovate, bearing
radiating spines at the apex, outer spines hair-formed and white,
inner ones stiff" and pale yellow, pubescent when examined under
a lens. Fj . D. S. Native of South America. Mill. diet. no. 6.
Cactus pusillus, D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 185. — Pluk. phyt. t.
29. f. 2. ? Plant very small, rather glaucescent, hardly 2 inches
high. The tubercles or mammae are disposed in 5 or 7 series,
which wind to the left. Flowers large, white or pale red, with
the backs of the petals reddish.
Small Mammillaria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. ^ foot,
41 M. STELLA' TA (Haw. in phil. mag. Feb. 1830.) plant irre-
gularly tufted, beset with radiating fascicles of white pubescent
spines ; the lower ones of which are hair-formed, with a few of
the upper ones much stronger and more horizontal, and straw-
coloured at the apex. Jj . D. S. Native of South America.
Cactus stellaris, Willd. enum. p. 30. M. stellaris, Haw. suppl.
p. 72. Lodd. hot. cab. 79. but not M. pusilla, D. C.
Starry Mammillaria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1815. PI. -1 foot.
42 M. MISSOURIE'NSIS (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 171.) mammae or
tubercles ovate, terete, bearded ; flowers hardly exserted ; berries
scarlet, about equal with the mammae. Pj . D. F. Native of
Louisiana, on the high mountains about the Missouri. Cactus
mammillaris, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 295. Flowers white. Ber-
ries scarlet. This is a much smaller plant than M. simplex, to
which it is nearly allied.
Missouri Mammillaria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt, 1818. Shrub
to | foot.
t Species not sufficiently known.
43 M. HELI'CTERES (D. C. diss. t. 5.) plant simple, obovate,
glabrous ; tubercles or mammae disposed in numerous, nearly
vertical, regularly spiral series, bearing spreading, straight,
spines at the apex. Tj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Cactus
Helicteres, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Plant 3-4
inches high. Flowers rose-coloured, a little longer than the
mammae.
Screw Mammillaria. PI. -5 to ^- foot.
44 M. NUVDA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 400.) plant simple, cylindri-
cal, ascending, glabrous ; tubercles or mammae unarmed, fj . D.
S. Native of Mexico. Cactus nudus, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex.
icon. ined. Flowers rose-coloured.
Naked Mammillaria. PI. ^ to ^ foot.
J The following species are hardly known unless by name ;
some of these names may, however, be referrible to those described
above.
1 M. mltis, Mill. diet. 2 M. conica, Haw. suppl. 3 M.
ccEspilosa, Hort. berol. 4 M. canescens, Hort. berol. 5 M ' .
angularis, Hort. berol. 6 M. chrysdntha, Hort. berol. 7 M.
aurata, Hort. berol. 8 M.fuscata, Hort. berol. 9 M. atrata,
Hort. berol.
|| The following species were raised in the gardens in 1827
from seeds brought from Chili by Dr. Gillies, but have not yet
been described. The species me have referred to this genus only
from their seedling state, without any knowledge of them when
full grown. The names are under the genus Cactus in Gillies's
mss.
1 M. spinbsa, Gill. 2 M. quadrata, Gill. 3 M. caudata,
Gill. 4 M. cocc'mea, Gill. 5 M. solitaria, Gill.
Cult. Mammillaria is a genus of small singular grotesque
succulent plants. A mixture of sand, loam, and peat, or loam
mixed with brick rubbish, is a good soil for them. The pots in
which the species are grown should be as small as the plants will
allow, and they shouid be well drained with sherds ; they re-
quire very little water. The pots should be placed on shelves
erected for the purpose in a stove, should there be no house for
the purpose of growing succulent plants, called a dry stove.
The plants are increased by offsets.
II. MELOCA'CTUS (from ^n\of, melon, a melon, and KOK-
roe, cactos, a name applied to a spiny plant by Theophrastus ;
the plants are in the form of a melon, and the angles are beset
with tufts of spines). C. Bauh. pin. 384. D. C. diss. 1826.
Link et Otto, diss. 1827. p. 8. B.C. prod. 3. p. 460. — Cactus,
Haw. syn. 1 72. exclusive of some species^ Cactus, sect. B,
Link, enum. 2. p. 21.
LIN. SYST. Icosdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx adhering
to the ovarium ; lobes 5-6, petaloid, crowning the young fruit.
Petals 5-6, united into a long cylindrical tube with the sepals.
Stamens filiform, disposed in many series. Style filiform ; stig-
mas 5, radiating. Berry smooth, crowned by the dry lobes of
the corolla and calyx. Seeds imbedded in the pulp. Cotyle-
dons small. Plumule large, nearly globose '(D. C. Organogr.
t. 48. f. 3.) Fleshy globose simple roundish shrubs, with
deep furrows, alternating with vertical ribs, which are orna-
mented with confluent tubercles, each tubercle furnished with
a starry fascicle of prickles or spines. Spadix or flowering head
terminal, cylindrical, composed of mammaeform, much crowded
tomentose or setiferous tubercles. Flowers immersed in the wool
of the head under its apex.
1 M. COMMU'NIS (Link et Otto, 1. c. diss. p. 8. t. 11. D. C.
diss. t. 6.) plant ovate-roundish, deep green, with 11 or 18
angles ; ribs straight ; spines strong, pale brown, unequal, 9 in
each fascicle : lower one tl.e longest : middle one erect. Tj .
D. S. Native of the West India Islands, in salt marshy
places near the sea ; and probably on the main land of South
America. Cactus Melocactus, Lin. spec. 666. D. C. pi.
grass, t. 112. Cactus Melocactus, and C. coronatus, Lam. diet.
1. p. 537. — Bradl. succ. t. 32. Ribs 12-18. Flowers tubular,
red. Fruit red, nearly like those of Mammillaria, but larger,
oblong, and deciduous, protruding from the wool on the head.
Var. ft, oblongus (Link et Otto, 1. c.) plant smaller ; prickles
weaker, and more red. Stem 6 inches high, and 3j thick.
Var. y, macrocephalus (Link et Otto, 1. c.) plant thicker, H
inches high, and 9 inches broad.
Common Melon-thistle, or Turk's-cap. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
1688. Shrub 1 foot.
2 M. LAMA'RCKII; plant ovate, flattish at the base, with
14-20 angles at the top, which are rather oblique and bluntisli1
II. MELOCACTUS. III. ECHINOCACTUS.
161
on the back ; spines red, stiff, rather incurved, disposed in ap-
proximate fascicles, which are very woolly towards the tops of
the angles ; cap roundish, furnished with a few red setaceous
spines ; flowers red. ^ . D. S. Native of South America.
Cactus Lamarckii, Coll. hort. ripul. append. 3. t. 7.
Lamarck's Melon-thistle. PI. f foot.
3 M. MACRACA'NTHVS (Link et Otto, diss. p. 9. t. 12.) plant
roundish, light green, with 14 angles; ribs straight; spines in
fascicles, very thick, whitish, but of a brownish red-colour at the
apex : outer 12 radiating, central, 4 large and straight. Jj . D.
S. Native of St. Domingo. Cactus macracanthos, Salm-Dyck,
obs. 1820. p. 1. Haw. rev. p. 69. Flowers unknown, but the
sp.-idix or woolly head is depressed at the top.
Long-spined Melon-thistle. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 foot.
4 M. PYRAMIDA'LIS (Link et Otto, diss. p. 10. t. 25.) plant
conical or pyramidal, with 17 angles; ribs rather oblique, cre-
nated ; spines very long, in fascicles, of a brownish red co-
lour : outer 14 radiating in 2 series, with 2 or 3 straight and
very long. fj . D. S. Native of Curassoa. Cactus pyrami-
dalis, Salm-Dyck, obs. 1 820. p. 4. Stem when young crowded
with spines. Spadix or woolly head cylindrical, depressed at
the apex.
Pyramidal Melon-thistle. Shrub 1 foot.
5 M PLACENTIFORMIS (D. C. prod. 3. p. 460.) plant hemis-
pherical, depressed, green, with 12 or 14 angles; ribs very
blunt ; prickles 8-12 in a fascicle, unequal, recurved, strong.
Jj . D. S. Native of Brazil. Cactus Melocactus, Besl. hort.
e^stet. 4. ord. f. 1. but not of Lin. C. placentiformis, Lehm.
ind. sem. hort. . hamb. (1826). Melocactus Besleri, Link et
Otto, diss. (1827). p. 11. t. 21. Lehman's name being older
than Link's has been here adopted, as being more apt; but
Link's figure and description are far better. Spadix or woolly
head nearly globose, impressed in the vertex. Flowers reddish.
Prickles blackish.
Placenta-formed Melon-thistle. Shrub 1 foot.
6 M. LANGSDO'RFII (D. C. prod. 3. p. 461.) plant oblong,
with 17 angles; spines slender, stiff, spreading: top of plant
floriferous, very villous and very spiny. Tj . D. S. Native of
Brazil ? Cactus Langsdorfii, Lehm. in sem. hort. hamb. (1826).
Flowers yellow. Stamens purple. The rest unknown.
Langsdorf's Melon-thistle. Shrub 1 foot.
f Species not sufficiently known.
7 M. SELLOWII (D. C. prod. 3. p. 461.) plant globose, de-
pressed, glaucescent, woolly and flat in the vertex, with 10
arched ribs ; prickles 7 in each fascicle, recurved : the central 5
much the largest. ^ . D. S. Native of Monte Video. Echino-
cactus Sellowii, Link et Otto, diss. p. 16. t. 22. Melocactus
species secundum Salm-Dyck, who confirms that the plant is
woolly at the top, and is analogous to M. placentiformis.
Plant 2 inches high, and 4| inches thick. Prickles 8-10 lines
long, fuscescent. Flowers unknown.
Sello's Melon-thistle. PI. -^ foot.
8 M. POLYACA'NTHUS (D. C. prod. 3. p 461.) plant oval,
glaucescent, with a flat woolly apex, and with 21 blunt vertical
ribs ; prickles 8 in each fascicle : the upper 2 of these smaller
than the others. Jj . D. S. Native of Brazil in the province of
Rio Grande. Echinocactus polyacanthus, Link et Otto, diss.
p. 13. t. 16. f. 1. Stem 4 inches high, and 3 inches thick,
attenuated at the base, with narrow furrows ; prickles cinereous.
Flowers unknown.
Many-spined Melon-thistle. Shrub -1 foot.
9 M.? MELOCACTOIDES (D. C. prod. 3. p. 461.) plant globose,
with 10 angles, having the tops of the angles beset with a series
of woolly tubercles ; prickles 7 or 8 in a fascicle, rather recurved,
pale, but becoming gradually brownish towards the apex. Jj .
VOL. III.
D. S. Native of Brazil. Cactus melocactoides, Hoffms. verz
2. ? (1 826) 3. p. 24. Habit of M. communis.
Melocactus-like Melon-thistle. PI. ^ foot.
Cult. A grotesque and singular genus like the last, but of
larger growth, and beset with stronger spines, without teats.
The culture, propagation, and treatment of the species are the
same as that recommended for the last genus.
III. ECHINOCA'CTUS (from eXivoe, echinos, a hedgehog,
and /v-acT-oc, cactos, a name given by Theophrastus to the spiny
plant ; plants beset with spines like the hedgehog). Link et Otto,
diss. p. 11. Salm-Dyck, in litt. D. C. prod. 3. p. 461. — Cactus
species of Haw.
LIN. SYST. Icosandria, Monogynia. Sepals numerous, imbri-
cate, adnate to the base of the ovarium, united into a short
tube at the base : outer ones in the form of an involucrum :
inner ones petal-formed. Stamens numerous. Style filiform,
multifid at the apex. Berry scaly from the permanent remains
of the sepals. Cotyledons wanting? — Simple, grotesque, fleshy,
ovate or globose, ribbed, leafless shrubs, with the habit of Melo-
cactus; ribs as if they were formed from confluent tubercles,
bearing on their back fascicles of prickles. The woolly head or
spadix, which is present in Melocactus is wanting in this genus.
Flowers rising from the fascicles of spines at the tops of the ribs
very like those of the genus Cereus, but the tube is almost
wanting.
1 E. GIBBO'SUS (D. C. prod. 3. p. 461.) plant ovate or nearly
oblong, obtuse ; ribs interrupted by tubercles ; some of the
tubercles rather tomentose at the apex, and tipped with fas-
cicles of stiff straight needle-formed prickles ; others in the
outer series naked, elongated, and mammaeform, and a little com-
pressed. Pj . D. S. Native of Jamaica. Cactus gibbosus,
Haw. syn. p. 173. bot. reg. 137. Plant nearly like that of
Mammillaria tuberculosa, but is not lactescent? Flowers 2,
larger than any other of the genus, quite at the apex of the plant,
which is depressed. The tube of the flower is greenish, and
the sepals distant, with a white expanded limb : lobes obovate,
rather mucronate, disposed in 4 series. Genitals yellow.
Gibbous Hedgehog-thistle. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1808. PI.
| foot.
2 E. suBGiBBbsus (Haw. in phil. mag. Oct. 1831. p. 418.)
plant roundish-oblong, very spiny, with the spines interwoven ;
angles or ribs about 16 in number, and are, as well as the re-
cesses, profound and acute ; fascicles of spines distant, ?? . D. S.
Native near Valparaiso. Plant 5 inches high, and 3 inches
broad, woolly at the base of the fascicles of spines. Spines
straight, 12-13 in each fascicle: the lower ones of these are
whitish or pale, bristle-formed, nearly half an inch long, hori-
zontal : the 6 upper ones prickle-formed, much larger, nearly an
inch long, bulbous, and yellowish at the base, and rufescent at
the apex ; the middle spine of the ultimate fascicles compared
with the rest is straight.
Sub-gibbmis Hedgehog-thistle. Clt. 1830. PI. | foot.
3 E. NO'BIUS (Haw. in phil. mag. Feb. 1830. p. 114.) plant
erect, oblong : with many ribs, beset with numerous, strong,
straight, black fascicles of spines, f? . D. S. Native of Mexico.
Cactus nobilis, Haw. syn. p. 174. but not of others. Cactus
reductus, Link, enum. 2. p. 21. C&reus reductus, D. C. prod.
3. p. 463. Plant 3 feet high. Fascicles of spines interwoven,
imbricating.
Noble Hedgehog-thistle. Clt. 1 796. Shrub 3 feet.
4 E. CORNI'GERUS (D. C. diss. t. 7.) plant subglobose, very
obtuse ; ribs almost vertical, interrupted by tubercles, some-
what depressed : all prickly at the top ; prickles unequal,
straight, and needle-shaped : the lower one broad, thick, and a
little recurved at the apex, fj . D. S. Native of Mexico.
Y
162
CACTEvE. III. ECHINOCACTUS.
Cactus latispmus, Haw. in phil. mag. vol. 63. p. 41. Echinocactus
platycanthus, Link et Otto, diss. p. 14. t. 14. without a flower.
Cactus cornigerus, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers
2-3 at the top of the plant ex fl. mex. an inch long, with a short
thick tube, and brownish imbricating sepals, with a purplish
limb ; lobes nearly linear, acute, disposed in one series.
Horn-bearing Hedgehog-thistle. Clt. 1823. PI. £ foot.
5 E. CRISPA'TUS (D. C. diss. t. 8.) plant obovate, retuse at
the apex, and rather umbilicate ; ribs numerous, from 30 to 60,
nearly vertical, undulately curled, and tubercular ; prickles in
fascicles, unequal, straightish. Jj . D. S. Native of Mexico.
Cactus crispatus, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers
smaller than any other of the genus, at the top of the plant,
purple ; sepals densely imbricated along the tube, oblong-linear,
acute, disposed in 2 series in the limb.
Var. j3, fi6rridus(D. C. mem. cact. in mem. mus. 17. p. 115.)
fascicles of spines approximate ; prickles stronger, more erect
and longer, of a greyish brown-colour.
Curled Hedgehog-thistle. PI. -| foot.
6 E. ORNA'TUS (D. C. mem. cact. in mem. mus. vol. 17. p.
114.) plant nearly globose: with 8 deep compressed vertical ribs,
ornamented with transverse rows of flocky down, with 3 fascicles
on each rib ; prickles 7 in a fascicle, straight, yellow, and one
central. Jj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 40. Plant
5 inches in diameter. Prickles 8-10 lines long.
Ornamented Hedgehog-thistle. PI. ^ foot.
7 E. TUBERCULA'TUS (Link et Otto, diss. t. 26.) plant nearly
globose, with 8 nearly vertical ribs, and with the recesses nar-
row ; crests very obtuse, tubercled at the fascicles, of which there
are 8 or 10 on each rib ; areolse when young rather velvety ;
prickles 12-13 in each fascicle, gvey, with one central straight
strong one, the rest radiating. Fj'. D. S. Native of Mexico.
Coulter. Intervals on the ribs between the fascicles of spines
8-9 lines. Prickles an inch long.
Var. j8, spiralis (D. C. 1. c.) ribs twisted spirally to the right.
Tj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter. Perhaps merely an
older state of the species.
Tubercled Hedgehog-thistle. PI. J foot.
8 E. ? CEREIFORMIS (D. C. 1. c. p. 115.) plant nearly cylin-
drical, green, with about 13 compressed ribs, with the recesses
acute, and the crests bluntish ; prickles 7 radiating, and one cen-
tral, in each fascicle, greyish, stiff, slender, with 3 fascicles on
each rib. J? . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter. Perhaps a
species of Cereus.
Cereus-formed Hedgehog-thistle. PI. j foot.
9 E. GLAUCE'SCENS (D. C. 1. c.) plant nearly globose, depres-
sed, glaucescent, with 11-13 vertical compressed obtuse ribs,
with 6 fascicles on each rib ; areolse oval-oblong, when young
velvety ; prickles yellow, straight, with 6-7 radiating ones, and
one central one in each fascicle. Tj . D. S. Native of Mexico.
Coulter. Flowers solitary on the top of each rib, rising in the
front of a fascicle. Scales of calyx imbricated, smooth, oval,
acuminated, with membranous ciliated margins. Plant 3 inches
high, and 5 inches in diameter. Intervals between the fascicles
on the ribs half an inch. Prickles an inch long.
Glaucescent Hedgehog-thistle. PI. -j- foot.
10 E. COULTE'RI; plant nearly globose, depressed, green,
with 13-18 vertical ribs, with both the recesses and ribs acute ;
fascicles 3 on each rib ; areolse oval, when young velvety ;
prickles yellow, stiff, with 7-8 radiating ones, and one erect cen-
tral one, which is nearly twice the length of the others, in each
fascicle. Tj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 43.
E. hystrix, D. C. 1. c. but not of Haw. Plant 5-8 inches in
diameter, and 3-4 inches high. Prickles an inch long, central
ones 2 inches long. Intervals between the fascicles on the ribs
12-18 lines in length.
Coulter's Hedgehog-thistle. PL | foot.
HE. OBVALLA'TUS (D. C. diss. t. 9.) plant obovate-globose,
depressed and umbilicate at the apex ; ribs numerous, vertical ;
prickles in fascicles, unequal, divaricate, long ; flower solitary at
the top of the plant, surrounded by spines. Tj . D. S. Native
of Mexico. Cactus obvallatus, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon,
ined. — Tepenexcomitl, Hern. mex. p. 410. with a figure.
Spines whitish, needle-shaped, diverging, intricate. Flower
erect, purple, with the margins of the lobes of the limb white.
Environed-fioviered Hedgehog-thistle. PI. ^ foot.
12 E. TENUISPI'NUS (Link et Otto, diss. p. 12. t. 19. f. 1.)
plant nearly globose, umbilicately retuse at the apex ; ribs 12,
bluntish ; prickles in fascicles, slender, recurved, 3 or 4 of which
are a little larger than the rest ; flowers girded by wool. (7 .
D. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Grande. Plant
green, 2 or 3 inches in diameter. Sides of ribs rather impressed.
Flowers beyond 2 inches long, yellow ; sepals lanceolate, acute ;
petals dilated, obtuse, each mucronated by a red bristle. Style
12-15 parted.
Var. ft, minor (Link et Otto, 1. c. f. 2.) plant smaller ; spines
longer and slenderer, and more bent.
Slender-spined Hedgehog-thistle. PL •} foot.
13 E. MELOCACTIFO'RMIS (D. C. diss. t. 10.) plant roundish-
ovate, obtuse ; ribs vertical, about 30 in number ; prickles in
fascicles, diverging, unequal ; flowers numerous, in a kind of
whorl beneath the apex of the plant. Tj . D. S. Native of
Mexico. Cactus multangularis, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon,
ined. but not of Willd. Spines brownish. Flowers whitish.
Sepals numerous, purplish on the outside, imbricated, and ad-
pressed to the tube ; limb expanded ; lobes oblong, acute, dis-
posed in 2 or 3 series. Stigmas long, 8-12, exserted above the
stamens.
Melon-thistle-shaped Hedgehog-thistle. PL -| foot.
14 E. LANGSDO'RFII (Lehm. ind. sem. hort. hamb. 1826, p.
17.) plant oblong, with 17 angles; spines slender, stiff, spread-
ing ; vertex of plant very villous and spiny, and bearing flowers.
Tj . D. S. Native of Brazil. Plant green. Fascicles of spines
approximating, rising from short wool, central spine in each fas-
cicle an inch long, the 6 marginal ones unequal, reflexed, and
spreading. Flowers 2-4, terminal, rising from among wool and
spines. Calyx tubular. Petals about 20, yellow. Stigma many-
parted, radiate, purple.
Langsdorfs Hedgehog-thistle. Shrub \ foot.
"(" The flowers of the following species being unknown, some of
them are probably referrible to the genus Melocactus.
15 E. TEPHRACA'NTHUS (Link et Otto, diss. p. 13. t. 14. f. 2 )
plant globose, glaucescent, impressed on the top, not tubercled ;
ribs 15, acute; prickles 10 in each fascicle, spreading: the 4
central ones the largest, fj . D. S. Native of Brazil, in the
province of Rio Grande. The plant is hardly an inch high, and
hardly the same in thickness. Prickles canescent, hardly an
inch long. Flowers unknown.
Ash-coloured-spined Hedgehog-thistle. Clt. 1825. PL \ to
-\ foot.
16 E. RECU'RVUS (D. C. prod. 3. p. 462.) plant roundish, with
15 angles ; prickles broad, very numerous. Ij . D. S. Native
of Mexico. Cactus recurvus, Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 3. Cactus
nobilis, Lin. mant. 243. Willd. spec. 2. p. 939. Cactus multan-
gularis, Voigt. ex Steud. Prickles of two forms, outer ones ex-
panded, central ones long, brown and recurved at the apex.
.RecMrued-spined Hedgehog-thistle. Clt. 1796. PL 1 foot.
17 E. INTO'RTUS (D. C. 1. c.) plant oblong, with 13-16 angles;
angles twisted like a spire at the apex ; prickles middle-sized,
rather incurved. Tj . D. S. Native of Antigua. Cactus in-
tortus, Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 2. Haw. syn. p. 174.
CACTEiE. III. ECHINOCACTUS.
163
Var. ft, purpiireus (D. C. prod. 3. p. 462.) Melocactus pur-
pureus, striis in spiram contortis, Plum. spec. 1 9. mss. vol. 8. t.
8. Cactus nobilis, Lam. diet. 1. p. 537. Native of St. Do-
mingo. The whole plant is purple, with white prickles. Per-
haps a proper species, or a true species of Melocactus, ex Salm-
Dyck in litt.
Intorted-sp'med Hedgehog-thistle. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1768.
PI. 1 foot.
18 E. SALMIA'NUS (Link et Otto, diss. p. 14. t. 13.) ribs 14-
15, bluntish ; 3 central prickles erect, ray ones 15, spreading, in
each fascicle. Tj . D. S. Native of Curassoa. Plant 4 inches
long, and 4-j- inches thick, with the furrows narrow. Prickles
reddish. Top of plant impressed. Perhaps the same as Melo-
cactus pyramidalis, but in a young state. Flowers unknown.
Salm-Dyck's Hedgehog-thistle. PI. -| foot.
19 E. HY'STRIX (Haw. in phil. mag. Feb. 1830, p. 115.) plant
roundish, usually with 12 angles ; spines straight, an inch and a
half long, fulvous, much longer than the wool from which they
rise. f2 . D. S. Native of the West Indies. Cactus hystrix,
Haw. suppl. p. 73. Cereus hystrix, Sweet. Flowers unknown.
Like E. Salmianus, but differs in the plant being more oblong,
and in the spines being much fewer.
Porcupine Hedgehog-thistle. Clt. 1808. PI. | foot.
20 E. TUBERCULA'TUS (Link et Otto, diss. p. 16. t. 26.) plant
nearly globose, green, depressed at the top ; ribs 8, bluntish ;
fascicles with 3 central straight prickles, and 7 spreading, rather
recurved ray ones, which become gradually smaller from the
centre. I? . D. S. Native of Mexico. Plant 4 inches high,
and 3^ inches thick, with the furrows narrow. Central prickles
of the fascicle an inch long, the ray ones gradually decreasing in
length. Flowers unknown.
Tuberculated Hedgehog-thistle. PI. \ to j- foot.
21 E. GLADIA'TUS (Link et Otto, diss. p. 17. t. 17.) plant
oval-oblong, glaucescent, depressed at the apex; ribs 14-22,
bluntish ; prickles 10 in each fascicle, 3 central ones the largest,
flattened, and elongated : middle one of the 3 erect : ray ones
spreading much. Tj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Plant 5 inches
high, and 4 inches thick. Prickles canescent, crowded at the
top, larger ones 2 inches long. Flowers unknown.
Gladiate-spined Hedgehog- thistle. PI. |- foot.
22 E. SUBULI'FERUS (Link et Otto, diss. p. 16. t. 27.) plant
subglobose, green, not depressed at the apex; ribs 8-10, blunt,
tubercled ; central prickles large, erectish, recurved, and 4-5
spreading, and the 4-6 outer ones, divaricate, and slender, in
each fascicle. Jj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Plant 2-J inches
high, and 2 inches thick, with the ribs evidently composed of
conflated tubercles. Prickles hoary brown ; the larger ones 2
inches long, and the smaller ones about 4 lines loflg. Flowers
unknown.
Ami-bearing Hedgehog-thistle. PI. -| to % foot.
23 E. DEPRE'SSUS (D. C. prod. 3. p. 463.) plant nearly glo-
bose, depressed at the apex ; ribs vertical, about 20 in number,
obtuse, and somewhat tubercled ; fascicles of prickles crowded ;
prickles rising from fascicles of white tomentum, stiff, very pale
brown: central ones in each fascicle 3-4, and 10-12 ray ones:
the lower one of these very strong. Tj . D. S. Native of South
America. Melocactus? depressus, Salm-Dyck in litt. Cactus
depressus, Haw. syn. 173.?
Depressed Hedgehog-thistle. Clt. 1798. PI. | foot.
24 E. ORTHACA'NTHUS (Link et Otto, diss. p. 18. t. 18.) top
of plant depressed; ribs 18, bluntish; prickles 7 in each fas-
cicle : the central one of these strong, larger, and straight : the
rest spreading. T? . D. S. Native of Monte Video. Plant 2|
inches in diameter, with narrow furrows. Prickles canescent :
the larger ones 9 lines long, and the rest about 5 lines long.
Flowers unknown.
Straight-spined Hedgehog-thistle. PI. ^ to ^ foot.
25 E. ARCUA'TUS (Link et Otto, diss. p. 15. t. 23.) plant
subglobose, glaucescent, not depressed at the apex ; ribs 20,
arched ; prickles 7 in each fascicle, spreading, and recurved.
Jj . D. S. Native of Monte Video. Plant 3 inches high, and
24 thick, with broad furrows. Sides of ribs not impressed.
Prickles of a hoary fucescent colour, 4-6 lines long. Flowers
unknown.
Arched-ribbed Hedgehog-thistle. PI. -J foot.
26 E. PARVISPI'NUS (D. C. prod. 3. p. 463. Haw. in phil.
mag. Feb. 1830. p. 114.) plant nearly globose, umbilicate at the
apex ; ribs 15, compressed ; prickles small, white, fulvous at the
apex, rising from white tomentum, 7-9 in each fascicle : the cen-
tral one of these straight, and the ray ones 6-8 in number, and a
little recurved. Tj . D. S. Native of South America. Melo-
cactus parvispinus, Haw. suppl. 73. Salm-Dyck in litt. Flowers
unknown. Very like E. meonacdnthus, Link et Otto.
Small-spirted Hedgehog-thistle. PI. |. foot.
27 E. INTRICA TUS (Link et Otto, diss. p. 19. t. 24.) plant
oval, green, with a depressed tubercled top ; ribs 20, bluntish ;
fascicles of prickles crowded, 18-20 in each fascicle : the 4 cen-
tral ones of these larger and erect, the rest spreading, outermost
ones divaricate. Pj . D. S. Native of Monte Video. Plant 4
inches high, and Z\ thick. Sides of ribs depressed. Prickles
of a hoary-fuscescent colour: the larger ones 8 lines long.
Flowers unknown.
Intricate Hedgehog-thistle. PI. £ foot.
28 E. MEONACA'NTHUS (Link et Otto, diss. p. 19. t. 15.) plant
oblong, glaucescent, with the top depressed ; ribs 14, arched;
prickles 9 in each fascicle, short and straight, and one central.
Jj . D. S. Native of Jamaica. Plant 63 inches high, and 4^
broad ; ribs usually bent. Prickles yellowish, rising from short
wool, 4 lines long. The form of the plant is elongated, and like
that of a creeping Cereus. Flowers unknown.
Less-spined Hedgehog-thistle. PI. \ foot.
29 E. DENUDA'TUS (Link et Otto, pi. rar. hort. berol. t. 9.)
plant subglobose, green, with 6-8 bluntish ribs ; spines 5-8 in
each fascicle, all spreading ; involucrum with few leaves. J? .
D. S. Native of Brazil.
Naked Hedgehog-thistle. PI.
30 E. TOIITUOSUS (Link et Otto, pi. rar. hort. berol. t. 15.)
plant nearly globose, depressed at the top, green, with 4 arched
ribs ; the 4-6 middle spines in each fascicle a little larger and
thicker than the rest, which are numerous, but all are nearly
equal, spreading, and twisted. ^ . D. S. Native of Brazil.
Twisted-spined Hedgehog-thistle. PL
31 E. ERINA'CEUS (Haw. in phil. mag. Feb. 1830, p. 114.)
plant globular, usually with 14 angles; spines inclining, 9 lines
long, numerous, somewhat recurvedly divaricate, fulvous, shorter
than the wool from which they originate ; fascicles of spines ap-
proximate. Tj . D. S. Native of South America. Cactus eri-
naceus, Haw. suppl. p. 74. Very like Melocactus polyacanthus,
Link et Otto, in form, but differs from it in the number of the
angles, and in the absence of the woolly flowering top ; but the
fascicles of spines are nearly similar.
Erinaceous Hedgehog-thistle. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818.
PI. £ foot.
f The two following species from their habit in a seedling state
appear to belong to the present genus, but are not described;
they are in the gardens of Edinburgh and Glasgow under the
name of Cactus, and have been brought from Chili.
1 E. corrugala, Gill. mss. 2. E.foliosa, Gill. mss.
Cult. See Mammillaria, p. ICO. for culture and propagation.
Grotesque plants, with the habit of the last genus.
v 2
164.
CACTE^E. IV. CEREUS.
IV. CE'REUS (from cereus, pliant ; in reference to the
shoots of some of the species). D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 1813.
Haw. syn. 173. Salm-Dyck in litt. D. C. prod. 3. p. 4(i3.
LIN. SYST. Icostindria, Monogynia. Sepals very numerous,
imbricated, adnate to the base of the ovarium, united into an
elongated tube ; outer sepals the shortest, forming the calyx,
middle ones longer and coloured, innermost ones petal- formed.
Stamens very numerous, united with the tube. Style filiform,
rnultifid at the apex. Berry areolate, tubercular or scaly, either
from the remains of the sepals, or from their cicatrices when
they have fallen ofF. Cotyledons wanting ? — Fleshy grotesque
shrubs, with a woody axis, and medulliferous inside ; angles ver-
tical, bearing fascicles of spines, regularly furrowed. Angles or
wings either numerous or very few. Flowers large, rising from
the fascicles of spines or indentures on the angles.
§ 1 . Cereas'ri (an alteration from the generic name). Plants
standing without support, never throning out roots. Stems up-
right.
* Stems with many angles.
1 C. MULTANGULA'RIS (Haw. suppl. 75.) stem erect, with
18-20 angles ; angles very close, blunt ; prickles setaceous, yel-
low, longer than the wool from which they rise. Tj . D. S.
Native country and flowers unknown. Cactus multangularis,
\Villd. enum. suppl. 33. Perhaps the same as Cactus Kagene-
kii, Gmel. ex Salm-Dyck in litt.
Many-angltd Torch-thistle. Clt. 1815. Shrub 1 foot.
2 C. SCOPA (Salm-Dyck in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 464.)
plant erect ; stem with 30 vertical tubercled angles ; fascicles of
prickles crowded, rising from tufts of white tomentum : ray
prickles setaceous, very numerous and white : central ones 3-4,
dark-purple. J? . D. S. Native of Brazil. Cactus scopa,
Link, enum. 2. p. 21. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 494. Plant clothed
with short, stiffish, setaceous prickles.
Broom Torch- thistle. Shrub 1 foot.
3 C. SENI'LIS (Salm-Dyck in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 464.)
plant erect, somewhat club-shaped ; stem with 20-25 vertical
tubercled ribs ; fascicles of prickles crowded, naked at the base,
each fascicle containing 15-20 radiating hair-formed curled bris-
tles, and a straight stiff central spine. fj . D. S. Native of
Mexico. Cactus senilis, Haw. in phil. mag. vol. 63. p. 41.
Cactus bradypus, Lehm. ind. sem. hort. hamb. 1825. p. 17.
This is a very singular plant, covered all over with dense hair-
like bristles ; it is of an oblong shape, about 3 inches high, of a
greyish-colour, bent, and hanging, like the grey head of an old
man, hence the specific name.
Old-man Torch-thistle. Clt. 1823. Shrub | foot.
4 C. LANA'TUS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 68.)
stems erect, branched, with many angles, and clothed with white
wool ; angles membranous, tubercled, and beset with stellate
fascicles of prickles ; central prickle 8-times longer than the
rest. Tj . D. S. Native of Quito, near the rivers Aranza and
Guamcabamba. Stem 10-12 feet high. Central prickle of each
fascicle 1 or 1^ inch long. Flowers rising from lateral and lon-
gitudinal fissures of the stem, involved in wool. Fruit obovate,
red, with a whitish green-coloured pulp.
Woolly Torch-thistle. Shrub 10-15 feet.
5 C. MICRACA'NTHUS (D. C. mem. cact. in mem. mus. 17. p.
115.) plant dividing into many stems at the base, ovate-oblong,
greenish, obtuse, with 13 vertical bluntish ribs, with the recesses
broad, but hardly acute ; fascicles of spines approximating, with
tomentose areolse ; prickles 3 in each fascicle, short, setaceous,
diverging. Tj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 56.
Perhaps a species of Echinocdctus. Plant hardly an inch high
and the same in thickness.
Small-spined Torch-thistle. PI. 1 inch.
6 C. POLYLOPHUS (D. C. 1. c.) plant quite simple, erect, green,
cylindrical, with 15-18 vertical ribs, and with the furrows acute ;
crests rather repand ; fascicles of prickles approximating, with
the young areolae convex and tomentose ; prickles 8-9 in each
fascicle, yellow, straight, diverging, but the central one is long
and erect. Tj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 15.
Plant 30-40 feet in height, without any branch, according to
Coulter.
Many-crested Torch-thistle. Shrub 30 to 40 feet.
7 C. LI'NKII (Lehm. ind. sem. hort. hamb. 1827. p. 16.)
plant oval, green, with 13 angles; ribs obtuse, bearing flowers
at the top from the axils of the fascicles of spines ; 3 central
spines in each fascicle erectly spreading, and the 10 ray ones
slenderer, much more spreading ; stigmas 8. fj . D. S. Na-
tive of Mexico. Calyx half an inch long, beset with greenish
yellow scales, which are furnished with purple bristles and white
cobwebbed wool. Petals numerous, truncate at the apex,
yellow, with purple bases. Style yellow. Stigmas purple.
Link's Torch- thistle. Clt. 1828. Shrub i foot.
8 C. LE'CCHII (Coll. hort. ripul. append. 5. t. 2. under Cactus)
plant ovate, tapering to the apex, with numerous blunt angles ;
fascicles of spines approximate, woolly at the base ; spines white :
ray ones spreading : central one long and straight, fy . D. S.
Native of South America.
Lecche's Cereus. Clt. ? Shrub 1 foot.
* Stems with 6-12 angles.
9 C. HEXAGO'NUS (Willd. enum. suppl. 32.) plant simple,
erect, large, usually with 6 strong ribs ; fascicles of spines middle-
sized ; prickles short, brown. Jj . D. S. Native of South
America. Cactus hexagonus, Lin. spec. 1. p. 667. Andr. hot.
rep. t. 513. Cactus Peruvianus, D. C. pi. grass, t. 58. — Bradl.
succ. 1. p. 1. t. 1. The plant is about 40 feet high, usually
without any branches, varying with 5-6-7 angles. Flowers soli-
tary, 6 inches long ; having the sepals along the tube greenish
and irregularly imbricated ; limb a little expanded, reddish out-
side and white inside. Stamens greenish. Fruit dark purple,
according to Plumier.
Var. p, abnormis (Willd. enum. suppl. 31.) stem simple, ob-
long, irregularly furrowed, and tubercled ; tubercles oblong,
compressed, unequal, bearing prickles at the apex, and rather
woolly. t? . D. S. Native of South America. C. Peruvianus
ft, monstrosus, D. C. cat. hort. monsp. diss. t. 11. Flowers
twin, nearly as in C. hexagonus, but more expanded and larger,
with the outer sepals reddish, but the inner ones are pure white
and serrated ; tube striated with green on the outside. Stigmas
9-13, greenish.
Hexagonal Torch-thistle. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1690. Tr. 40ft.
10 C. OTTONIS (Lehm. ind. sem. hort. hamb. 1827. p. 16.)
plant oval, green, attenuated at tlie base, with 10 angles; ribs
obtuse, bearing the flowers above from the fascicles of spines ;
4 central spines in each fascicle, and 10-14 slender, spreading
ray ones ; stigmas 14. Pj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Calyx
tubular ; scales acute, greenish yellow, furnished with a fascicle
of pur-pie hairs, and white, cobwebbed wool. Petals numerous,
erosely serrated at the apex, rather diaphanous, yellow. Style
yellow. Stigmas purple.
Otto's Torch-thistle. Clt. ? Shrub | foot.
11 C. PERBVIAVNUS (Haw. syn. 171.) plant large, erect, with
usually 8 angles or ribs ; angles blunt, smooth, glaucous ; spines
whitish, rising from white tomentum, the lower one very small,
and the central one very strong. Jj . D. S. Native of Peru
and Curassoa. Cactus Peruvianus, Lin. spec. 667. Willd. enum.
suppl. 32. Cereus eburneus, Salm-Dyck, in cat. hort. Dyck.
1822. Cactus Coquimbanus, Molin. chil. ed. gall. p. 140. ex
CACTE.E. IV. CEREUS.
Bertol. viricl. bon. 1824. p. 4.— Bradl. succ. t. 12. — Lob. icon.
2. p. 25. — Mor. oxon. sect. 17. t. 37. Like C. hexagonus, but
differs in being clothed with glaucous bloom.
Var. /3, monstrbsus (Salm-Dyck, 1. c.) ribs nearly obliterated ;
fascicles of prickles spirally confluent.
Peruvian Torch thistle. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1728. Tr. 20 feet.
12 C. HEPTAGONUS (Haw. syn. 178.) plant erect, oblong, 7-
angled. fj . D. S. Native of South America. Cactus hetero-
gonus, Lin. spec. 666. hort. cliff. 181. The plant is said by
Linnaeus to be 1-2 feet high. Perhaps distinct from C. hexago-
nus and C. striatus. Flowers white.
Seven-angled Torch-thistle. Fl. Jul. Clt. 1728. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
13 C. GRANDISPINUS (Haw. in phil. mag. feb. 1830. p. 111.)
plant 8-angled ; prickles nearly 3 inches long ; flowers campa-
nulate, without a tube ; fruit globose, spiny. Tj . D. S. Native
of St. Domingo. — Plum. amer. t. 195. f. 2. Large, bluntly
angled. Spines subulate, 12-13 in a fascicle. Petals obtuse,
lanceolate, serrated.
Great-spined Torch-thistle. Shrub large.
14 C. SERRULIFLORUS (Haw. 1. c.) plant 8-angled ; bristles
half an inch long ; petals 5-times shorter than the tube ; fruit
rather conical, large, scaly, unarmed. Tj . D. S. Native of St.
Domingo. — Plum. amer. t. 195. f. 1. Large, bluntly angled.
Bristles about 20 in each fascicle ; fascicles remote. Petals
narrow, lanceolate, serrulate, hardly an inch long, but the tube
is 4| inches long, and scaly. Very like C. hexagonus, but the
spines are more numerous, longer, and slenderer.
Serrulated- petalled Torch-thistle. Shrub large.
15 C. MONOCLONOS (D. C. prod. 3. p. 464.) plant tall, erect,
with 8 angles ; angles blunt, compressed; spines stellate, nearly
equal ; petals emarginate at the apex. (7 . D. S. Native of
the Caribbee Islands. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 191. exclusive of the
synonymes. Plumier has himself made his plant the same as
C. Peruvianus, but by Linnaeus it has been referred to C. hexa-
gonus, but it differs from both these species, in the petals being
bluntly emarginate at the apex, and nearly obcordate. Limb of
flower spreading. Style exserted ; stigma 5-cleft. The name
is derived from fiofoe, monos, alone, and KA.OVOC, klonos, a noise ;
but the application is not evident to us.
Con/used Torch-thistle. Shrub 20 feet.
16 C. FIMBRIA'TUS (Lam. diet. 1. p. 539. under Ctictus) plant
tall, erect, bluntly 8-angled ; prickles setaceous, white ; flowers
with a short tube ; petals fringed. Tj . D. S. Native of St.
Domingo, in arid woods. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 195. f. 1. Stem
the thickness of a man's leg, and about 18-25 feet high. Flowers
rose-coloured, campanulate, with few petals. Stamens very
numerous ; stigma multifid. Fruit globose, red, size of an
orange, beset with prickly tubercles ; flesh red.
Fringed-petalled Torch-thistle. Shrub 18 to 25 feet.
17 C. HY'STRIX (Salm-Dyck. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 464.)
plant erect, green, shining, 9-angled ; ribs rather compressed ;
prickles rising from grey tomentum, with 9 radiating ones, 2^
small upper ones, and 3-4 strong, central ones, which are painted
with white and brown. Tj . D. S. Native of South America ?
Cactus hystrix, Salm-Dyck. obs. bot. 1822. Old prickles grey,
blackish at the apex. This is different from Cactus Ice'lus of
H. B. et Kunth, and from C. hystrix, Haw.
Porcupine Torch-thistle. Shrub.
18 C. FE'ROX (Haw. in phil. mag. 1830. feb. p. 107.) plant
oblong, nearly terete ; with usually 8 ribs ; spines divaricate,
brown, dense. Tj . D. S. Native of Brazil. Plant firm, green,
thickly beset with horned spines, and of these there are usually
6 outer radiating ones, 4-5 middle ones, and 1 long central one
in each fascicle.
Fierce Torch-thistle. Clt. 1827. Shrub 1 foot.
19 C. GRISEUS (Haw. syn. 182.) plant erect, longish, usually
8-angled, deeply furrowed, branched at the base ; prickles when
165
old half an inch long, white, but tipped with black. 1? . D. S.
Native of South America. The rest unknown.
GVey-spined Torch-thistle. Clt. 1809. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
20 C. CRENULA'TUS (Salm-Dyck, obs. bot. 1822.) plant erect,
greyish green, with 8-9 angles ; ribs blunt, crenulated ; prickles
white, rising from grey tomentum, blackish at the apex, 9 in
eacli fascicle, radiating and equal, and 1 long central one. J; .
D. S. Native of South America. C. Royeni, Willd. suppl.
enum. p. 32. Stem rather woolly at the apex ; wool grey, at
length falling off.
Var. ft ; plant rather slenderer than the species ; and the
prickles are shorter. Salm-Dyck, in litt.
Crenulated Torch-thistle. Clt. 1728. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
21 C. CINERA'SCENS (D. C. mem. cact. in mem. mus. 17. p.
1 1 6.) plant simple, erect, greyish green ; with 8 blunt tubercular
ribs, and narrow recesses ; areolae while young convex and vel-
vety ; prickles 14 in each fascicle, white, setaceous, stiff, outer
10 radiating, central 4 erectly diverging, and longer than the
ray ones, fj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 23.
Stem 6 inches high, and 2 inches in diameter. Outer prickles
6-9 lines long : central ones 12 lines long; in fascicles, which
are 5-6 lines distant from each other.
Var. ft, crdssior (D. C. 1. c.) stem thicker ; fascicles of spines
more distant.
Var. •/, tenuior (D. C. 1. c.) stems slenderer ; ribs more ap-
proximate. Very like C. pentalbphus, but differs in being 8-
angled, not 5-angled.
Greyish Torch-thistle. Clt. 1830. Shrub £ foot.
22 C. CALVE'SCENS(D. C.I. c.) plant simple.or a little branched
at the apex, erect, green, obtuse, and rather utnbilicate at the
apex, with 7-8 vertical, obtuse ribs, and acute furrows ; areolae,
while young, convex and tomentose, but at length becoming
nearly glabrous ; prickles 8-9 in each fascicle, brown, stiff, di-
verging : the central ones hardly to be distinguished from the
outer ones. Jj.D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter. Very like C'.
Peruvianus. Fascicles of spines 6-9 lines distant from each other.
Cahescent Torch-thistle. Shrub 8 to 10 feet ?
23 C. MARGINA'TUS (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple, or a little
branched at the apex, erect, green, obtuse at the tip : with 7
vertical ribs, and acute recesses ; crests obtuse, woolly their
whole length from white tomentum, in consequence of the oval
areolae being confluent ; prickles 7-9 in a fascicle, stiff, grey,
short : with the central ones hardly to be distinguished from the
ray ones. \i . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 13.
Stem 2-| and 3 inches in diameter. Prickles 1-2 lines long. A
very distinct species.
Margined Torch-thistle. Shrub.
24 C. ALBISH'NUS (Salm-Dyck, obs. bot. 1822.) plant erect,
greyish green, with 9 or 10 angles; ribs obtuse, very prickly;
prickles grey, tipped with yellow, rising from grey tomentum,
11 radiating ones and 4 central in each fascicle. fj . D. S.
Native of South America. Very like C. crenuldtus, but more
slender and more woolly. Old plant only woolly at the apex,
but the young plant all over ; the wool grey. Salm-Dyck, in litt.
White-spined Torch-thistle. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
25 C. REGA'LIS (Haw. suppl. p. 75.) plant erect, 9-angled,
furrowed ; spines fulvous, elongated, when young about equal in
length to the wool, fy . D. S. Native of South America.
Fascicles of spines much crowded.
Royal Torch- thistle. Clt.? Shrub 10 feet.
26 C. STRICTUS (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 32. under Cactus,)
plant erect, areen, shining, 7- 9-angled ; ribs rather compressed
repand ; prickles brown, rising from brown tomentum : each
fascicle composed of 8 radiating ones, a small superior one, and
3 central ones, which are much longer than the rest. fj . D. S.
Native of South America. There is hardly any wool at the top
of the stem ; the rest unknown. Salm-Dyck. in litt.
166
CACTE/E. IV. CEREUS.
Straight Torch-thistle. Clt. 1822. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
27 C. HAWORTHH (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 495. under Cactus)
plant erect, large, 5-angled, with profound furrows : spines nu-
merous, usually an inch long, brown. ^ . D. S. Native cf the
West Indies. C. nobilis. Haw. syn. 179. This species is more
formidable than the rest in the prickles being very large and
numerous. The rest unknown. The Cactus nobilis, Lin. Haw.
and Lam. are very different from each other, and constitute 3
distinct species.
Hanorth's Torch-thistle. 1811. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
28 C. AU'REUS (Salm-Dyck. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 465.)
« plant erect, green, 7-8-angled ; ribs compressed, very prickly ;
prickles yellow, rising from straw-coloured tomentum, with 8
radiating ones in each fascicle, and some central longer ones.
Tj . D. S. Native country and flowers unknown. Differs
from C. Harvorthii, in the prickles being yellow, and in their fas-
cicles being more closely crowded.
Golden-spmed Torch-thistle. Shrub.
29 C. NIGER (Salm-Dyck. hort. dyck. cat. 1822.) plant erect,
blackish, 7-angled ; ribs rather compressed ; prickles slender,
fulvous, rising from white tomentum : with 7 radiating ones in
each fascicle, the 3 lowest of these longer than the rest, and 2
or 3 central ones, the lowest one very short, (? . D. S. Native
of South America. Cactus nlger, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 495.
Cereus niger, Haw. rev. 70. Said to be allied to C. repdndus.
Top rather woolly ; wool grey.
Black Torch-thistle. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
30 C. FULVISPINOSUS (Haw. syn. 183.) plant erect, tall,
usually 9-angled, simple or branched ; prickles strong, yellowish,
when full grown nearly an inch long. Jj . D. S. Native of
South America. Cactus Koyeni, Mill. diet. ed. 8.
Tamney-spined Torch-thistle. Clt. 1796. Shrub 3 to 4 ft.
31 C. FLAVISPINUS (Salm-Dyck. obs. bot. 1822.) plant erect,
pale green, 8-10-angled; ribs rather compressed; prickles
slender, yellowish, rising from white tomentum : with 8 radiating
ones in each fascicle, the upper ones of these very small, and
3-4 central ones, the upper one of these erect and very long.
fj . D. S. Native of South America. Perhaps the same as C.
fiavispinus of Colla, hort. rip. p. 24. Stem hardly woolly at the
apex ; wool grey. There is a variety of this species with 6-
angled stems and longer prickles. Salm-Dyck. in litt.
Yellow-spined Torch-thistle. Clt. ? Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
32 C. CHILOE'NSIS (Colla, pi. rar. hort. ripul. app. 2. p. 342.)
plant ovate, erect, 10-angled ; angles blunt ; prickles pale, pel-
lucid, middle one of each fascicle the strongest ; wool very
short. Tj . D. S. Native of Chili. C. Coquimbanus, Hort.
but not of Molin.
Chiloe Torch-thistle. Shrub.
33 C. EOPHORBIOIDES (Haw. suppl. p. 75.) plant erect, usually
10-angled ; angles strong ; spines unequal, nearly naked at the
base, (j . D. S. Native of tropical America. There are 3 mid-
dle-sized spines, 2 about 2 lines long, and 1 about 7 lines long
in each fascicle.
Spurge-like Torch-thistle. Clt.? Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
34 C. ROYENI (Haw. syn. p. 102.) plant erect, bluntly 9-
angled ; spines a little longer than the wool, from which they
issue ; floral tube unarmed : outer lobes acuminated, inner ones
the shortest. Jj . D. S. Native of the West Indies. Cactus
Royeni, Lin. spec. 668. — Royen, lugd. bat. 279. — D. C. pi.
grass, t. 143. C. lanuginosus, Mill. diet. no. 7. Floral tube
greenish. Calycine lobes rufescent ; inner or corolline ones the
longest, acuminated, and white. Stigmas 12. Fruit red, ac-
cording to Herm.
Royen' s Torch-thistle. Clt. 1728. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
35 C. LANUGINOSUS (Haw. syn. 182.) plant erect, bluntly 8-9-
angled ; spines shorter than the wool from which they issue,
fj . D. S. Native of the West Indies. Herm. lugd. bat. par.
t. 115. without a flower. C. repandus, Mill. diet. ed. 8. Cac-
tus lanuginosus, Lin. spec. 667. The fruit, according to Herm.,
is red, not spiny.
Woolly Torch-thistle. Fl. Jul. Clt. 1690. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
36 C. REPA'NDUS (Haw. syn. 183. D. C. diss. t. 13.) plant
long, erect, with 8-9 blunt angles ; angles rather undulated ;
spines longer than the wool from which they issue ; floral tube,
and consequently the fruit, is unarmed : outer lobes of calyx
narrow and much acuminated, almost exceeding the inner ones
in length. Tj . D. S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. Cactus
repandus, Lin. spec. 667. Ker. bot. reg. t. 336. Cereus gra-
cilis, Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 8. — Trew. ehret. t. 14. Tube of
flower green ; inner calycine or corolline lobes white. Stigmas
8-10. Fruit yellow, white inside.
Repand Torch-thistle. Fl. May. Clt. 1 728. Sh. 1 0 to 20 ft.
37 C. SUBREPA'NDUS (Haw. suppl. 78.) plant erect, with 8
angles ; angles compressed, repand ; prickles strong, of a pale
colour ; wool very short, fj . D. S. Native of the West Indies.
Very distinct from C. crenatus.
Subrepand Torch-thistle. Clt. 1817. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
38 C. .dE'THiops (Haw. in phil. mag. feb. 1830. p. 108.)
plant erect, bluntly 8-angled ; angles short ; fascicles of spines
very black, as well as the short central wool, fj . D. S. Na-
tive of Brazil. Very like C. repdndus, but much more dwarf
and simple, and very green ; with about 12 spines in each fascicle.
This is a singular plant, from its black spines and black beard-
like terminal brush.
Black-sp'med Torch-thistle. Clt. 1829. Shrub.
39 C. POLYGONUS (Lam. diet. 1. p. 539. under Cactus') plant
erect, branched, with 11 blunt angles, woolly at the apex;
prickles setaceous, grey ; flowers short, with the limb hardly
spreading. Ij . D. S. Native of St. Domingo. — Plum. ed.
Burm. t. 196. Flowers white. Fruit reddish brown, tubercled;
flesh reddish. Stem 10 feet high, and 6-7 inches in diameter.
This species is allied to C. repdndus, according to Lamarck, but
Spreng. has joined it with C. griseus.
Many-angled Torch-thistle. Shrub 10 feet.
40 C. MA'GNUS (Haw. in phil. mag. feb. 1830.) plant very
strong, simple, with usually 12 deep furrows, and as many ridges ;
spines unequal, very stiff, dark. 5j . D. G. Native of St. Do-
mingo. Spines about 12 in each fascicle ; fascicles rather dis-
tant. Flowers large, white.
Large Torch-thistle. Clt. 1829. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
41 C. DIVARICAVTUS (Lam. diet. 1. p. 540. under Cactus)
plant erect, branched, very spiny, and bluntly 10-angled ;
branches spreading, fj . D. S. Native of St. Domingo. — Plum,
ed. Burm. t. 193. Flowers lateral, hardly known. Fruit glo-
bose, golden yellow, warted by large points, or unarmed ; pulp
white and sweet.
Divaricate Torch-thistle. Shrub.
42 C. CHLOROCA'RPUS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p.
68.) plant erect, branched ; branches fastigiate, 10-12-angled ;
angles tubercled ; tubercles beset with starry prickles ; central
prickle in each fascicle 4 times longer than the rest. H . D. S.
Native of South America.
Green-fruited Torch-thistle. Shrub 10 feet.
43 C. L«VTUS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) plant erect, pale green,
jointed ; joints 7-angled ; angles tubercled, each tubercle fur-
nished with a fascicle of spines. Jj . D. S. Native of Quito,
near Sondorillo. The rest unknown.
Fruitful Torch- thistle. Shrub.
* * * Stems rrilh 3-4 or 5 angles, very rarely n-ith G angles.
44 C. VIRENS (D. C. mem. cact. in mem. mus. 17. p. 116.)
plant simple, erect, pale green, with 5 vertical, obtuse ribs ;
fascicles of spines remote, having the areola velvety when young;
CACTEjE. IV. CEREUS.
167
prickles 8 in each fascicle, 4 of which are stiff, conical, and
greyish, or blackish, 3 very short and diverging, and 1 large and
horizontal. Jj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter. Largest
prickle in each fascicle 8-10 lines long, smaller ones hardly 2
lines long.
Green Torch-thistle. Shrub.
45 C. ASISACA'NTHUS (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple, erect, deep
green ; ribs 5-6, with the furrows and crests both acute ; fas-
cicles of spines crowded, having the areolae convex and velvety
while young; prickles 10-20 in each fascicle, setaceous, yellowish,
stiff, very unequal, outer ones diverging. Fj . D. S. Native of
Mexico. Coulter.
Var. a, ortholdpus (D. C. 1. c.) stems with 6 vertical ribs ;
prickles 10 in each fascicle.
far. ft, subspiralis (D. C. 1. c.) stems with 5, rather spirally
twisted ribs ; prickles 20 in each fascicle.
Unequal-spined Torch-thistle. Shrub.
46 C. PENTALOPHUS (D. C. 1. c. p. 1 1 7.) plant erect, greyish
green, obtuse ; ribs 5, vertical, obtuse ; fascicles of spines ap-
proximate, having the areolae velvety when young ; prickles
5-7 in a fascicle, setaceous, diverging, when young very pale
yellow, but grey in the adult state. Ij . D. S. Native of
Mexico. Dr. Coulter subjoins the 3 following varieties to this
species, which may probably hereafter turn out as many distinct
species.
Var, a, simplex (D. C. 1. c.) stem simple, not rooting; ribs
rather prominent ; furrows broad and obtuse ; prickles white.
Var. ft, iularticulatus (D. C. 1. c.) stem branched, a little arti-
culated, but not rooting ; ribs irregular, rather repand ; furrows
narrow ; prickles yellowish while young.
Var. y, radicans (D. C. 1. c.) stems rooting ; ribs broad,
short ; prickles yellowish while young.
Five-crested Torch-thistle. Shrub.
47 C. GRA'NDIS (Haw. suppl. p. 76.) plant large, exactly te-
tragonal, simple, erect ; prickles usually an inch long, divaricate,
almost interwoven among each other, tj . D. S. Native of
Brazil. The rest unknown.
Great-spmed Torch-thistle. Clt. ? Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
48 C. TETRAGONUS (Haw. syn. 1 80.) plant tall, erect, usually
4-angIed ; angles compressed, fj . D. S. Native of South
America. Cactus tetragonus, Lin. spec. p. 666. Angles plaited
transversely (ex Spreng). Flowers white.
Tetragonal Torch-thistle. Fl.Jul. Clt. 1710. Sh. 4 to 6 ft.
49 C. PAKICULA'TDS (Lam. diet. 1. p. 540. under Cactus)
trunk erect ; branches forming a kind of panicle at the top of
the trunk, tetragonal, articulated at the base ; spines short, in
fascicles ; petals rounded at the apex. Jj . D. S. Native of
St. Domingo, in wild places. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 192. Flowers
white, lined with red. Fruit tubercled, yellow. Perhaps this
species is referrible to Jamacaru prima, Marcgr. bras. p. 125.
f. 2. but the figure given by him is too rude to determine this
point.
Panicked Torch-thistle. Shrub.
50 C. PITAJA'YA (Jacq. amer. 151. under Cactus) trunk
erect : branches trigonal ; spines in fascicles. Ij . D. S. Na-
tive of Carthagena, in bushy places by the sea-side. Flowers
opening in the night, white, 8 inches long. Fruit scarlet, shin-
ing, size and form of a hen's egg ; pulp white. Pitajaya is the
•vernacular name of the plant.
Pitajaya Torch-thistle. Shrub.
51 C. CNDOLOSUS (D. C. prod. 3. p. 467.) trunk erect, very
spiny, and is as well as the branches trigonal ; spines in fascicles,
black ; limb of flowers spreading. T; . D. S. Native of St.
Domingo. Plum. ed. Burm. t. 194. Cactus Pitajaya ft, Lam.
diet. 1. p. 539. Prickles 2 inches long. Flowers white, beau-
tiful. Fruit greenish yellow, about the size and form of an
:ipple ; pulp white.
Undulated Torch-thistle. Shrub.
52 C. OBTU'SUS (Haw. rev. p. 70.) plant erect, pale green,
trismgular ; ribs blunt ; fascicles of prickles very remote ;
prickles tawny, rising from brown tomentum : with 4 radiating
ones in each fascicle, and a central, elongated erect one. Tj . D.
S. Native country and flowers unknown.
Blunt-angled Torch-thistle. Clt. 1 820. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
53 C. JAMACA^RU (D. C. prod. 3. p. 467.) plant erect ;
branches 3-4-angled ; prickles in fascicles, straight ; flowers
cylindrical, with an erect limb ; genitals inclosed. Jj . D. S.
Native of Brazil. Jamacaru, Pison, hist. nat. bras. p. 100. f. 1.
Trunk triangular, beset with spines. Flowers white, scentless.
Fruit red, size of a goose's egg. Perhaps Jamacaru quarla
species Marcgr. hist. nat. bras. p. 127. f. 3. is the same or a
distinct species.
Jamacaru Torch-thistle. Shrub.
54 C. VA'LIDUS (Haw. in phil. mag. sept. 1831. p. 418.) plant
tetragonal, firm, glaucous at the apex, with the sides nearly flat,
or rather convex at first, with the angles very blunt and spiny
in the middle. J? . D. S. Native of South America. Spines
brownish.
Strong Torch-thistle. Shrub.
§ 2. Serpentini (from serpo, to creep ; stems creeping and
rooting). D. C. prod. 3. p. 467. Stems jointed, prostrate, root-
ing or twining.
* Stems with many angles.
55 C. SERPENTINUS (Lag. anal. sc. nat. 1801. p. 261.) plant
creeping, flexuous, and somewhat climbing, with 11-12 very
blunt angles ; bristles in fascicles, much longer than the wool
from which they issue, but which at length falls off; floral tube
very bristly at the base. \j . D. S. Native of South America.
Willd. enum. suppl. 31. Link, et Otto, abbild. t. 91. D. C.
diss. t. 12. Flowers large, beautiful; lobes bluntish ; outer
ones greenish : middle ones purplish : inner ones white. Stigmas
7. This plant appears to hold a kind of middle station between
the erect and creeping species of the genus, and rarely throws
out roots from its stems. Bristles 7-8 lines long, purplish, also
crowded at the base of the floral tube.
Serpentine Torch-thistle. Clt. ? Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
56 C. TUNICA' TUS (Lehm. ind. sem. hort. hamb. 1827. p. 16.)
plant erectish, articulately branched ; joints attenuated at the
base, tubercular ; tubercles impressed at the apex, woolly and
bearing spines ; spines coated by a somewhat diaphanous, move-
able membrane. Jj . D. S. Native of Brazil. Joints terete
when young, 1-J inch long, furnished with fleshy, subulate
leaves, which become at length deciduous.
C'oa/e<f-spined Torch-thistle. Clt. ? Shrub -J to 1 foot.
57 C. AMBIGUUS (Bonpl. nav. t. 36. under Cactus) plant erect,
with 9-12 blunt angles; bristles spinescent, longer than the
wool from which they issue ; floral tube bearing bristles at the
base. 17 . D. S. Native country unknown. Flowers very
like those of C. terpentinus, of which it is probably only a
variety, differing only in the stem being more erect, and in the
bristles being shorter.
Ambiguous Torch-thistle. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
58 C. FLAGELLIFORMIS (Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 12. Haw. syn.
158.) stems prostrate, with about 10 angles : tubercles crowded,
bearing bristles ; style rather shorter than the petals. Jj . D. S.
Native of South America, and is now to be found in the Arabian
deserts, but has been probably introduced there. Cactus flagelli-
formis, Lin. spec. 688. Curt. bot. mag. t. 17. D. C. pi. grass.
127. This species is very common in gardens, and has trailing
stems, unless supported, which are therefore easily trained to any
kind of trellissing. The flowers are so beautiful, and are pro-
duced in such profusion, that the plant is worth being conveyed
168
CACTE.E. IV. CEREUS.
into the bouse whilst in flower, to adorn any of the rooms : they
are red or pink.
Flagellijbrm Torch-thistle or Creeping Cereus. Fl. Mar. Ju.
Clt. 1690. PI. trailing.
59 C. IE'PTOPHIS (D. C. mem. cact. in mem. mus. 1 7. p. 1 1 7.)
plant creeping a little, cylindrical, with 7-8 very blunt, rather
repanil ribs ; areolse velvety, but convex in the adult state ;
prickles 12-13 in each fascicle, stiffish, yellow, radiating, having
the 2 or 3 central ones erectish. Ij . D. S. Native of Mexico.
Coulter, no. 32. Habit of C. flagelliformis, but 3 times
slenderer.
Slender Torch-thistle or Creeping Cereus. Clt. 1830. PI. pr.
CO C. HUMEOLDTII (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 66.
under Cactus) stems procumbent, with 10 or 12 ribs, plabrous ;
angles tubercled ; tubercles bearing stiff bristles ; style much
exceeding the corolla. ?? . D. S. Native about Quito, in fields
between Sondorillo and San Felipe. Said to be very like C.
flagelliformis. Flowers red.
Humboldt's Torch-thistle or Creeping Cereus. Shrub pr.
61 C. ICOSIGONUS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) stems procumbent,
simple, usually with 20 angles ; angles bearing fascicles of
bristles : style length of petals, 8-cleft at the apex. tj . D. S.
Native of Quito, in dry places near Nabon. According to the
authors, this plant is sufficiently distinct from the foregoing.
Flowers white.
Ttrenty -angled Torch-thistle. Shrub proc.
62 C. SE'PIUM (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) stem erect, with 11
angles ; angles bearing fascicles of prickles ; stamens and style
about equal in leng'h, but exceeding the corolla a little ; stigma
8-parted. T? . D. S. Native of Quito, in sandy places, near
Riombamba, at the foot of Mount Chimborazo, where it is called
Pitahaya by the natives. According to the authors tliis species
is sufficiently distinct from C. Humboldtii. Flowers rose-co-
loured. Fruit red.
Hedge Torch-thistle. Shrub 6 feet.
63 C. CARIPE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) stems in fascicles,
elongated, creeping, branched, somewhat tetragonal ; angles
tubercled ; each tubercle bearing a fascicle of stellate bristles.
1? . D. S. Native of New Andalusia, near Caripe, growing
on rotten wood. Very like C.flagelliformis in habit, but both
the flowers and fruit are unknown, and therefore the place
which it should occupy in this genus is doubtful.
Caripe Torch-thistle. Shrub creeping.
* * Stems with 5 or 6 angles.
64 C. GRANDIFLORUS (Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 11. Haw. syn.
184.) stems rooting, diffuse, climbing, 5-6-angled ; bristles 5-8
in each fascicle, hardly longer than the down from which they
proceed, tj . D. S. Native of the West India Islands, and in
many parts of the main land of South America. Cactus gran-
diflorus, Lin. spec. p. 6G8. D. C. pi. grass, t. 52. Andr. bot.
rep. t. 508. — Mill. fig. t. 90. — Trew. ehret. t. 31, 32. — Volk.
hesp. 1. t. 234. This species, when of sufficient strength, will
produce many exceeding Inrge, beautiful, sweet-scented flowers,
like those of most of the species of very short duration, hardly
continuing 6 hours full blown, nor do the flowers ever open
again when once closed. They begin to open between 7 and 8
o'clock, in the evening, are fully blown by 1 1 o'clock, and by
3 or 4 o'clock in the morning they fade, and hang do -.MI
quite decayed ; but during their short continuance there is
hardly any flower of greater beauty, or that makes a more
magnificent appearance ; for the calyx of the flower, when
open, is near a foot in diameter, the inside of which being of a
splendid yellow colour, appears like the rays of a bright star,
the outside is of a dark brown ; the petals being of a pure
white add to the lustre ; the vast number of recurved stamens
in the centre of the flower, make a fine appearance : add to all
this, the fine scent, which perfumes the air to a considerable
distance ; there is scarcely any plant which deserves a place in
the hot-house so much as this, especially as it may be trained
against the wall, where it will not take up any room. The
flowers make a most magnificent appearance by candle-light,
sometimes there may be 6 or 8 flowers open upon one plant at
the same time ; and there will be a succession of them for several
nights together, provided the plant is large and healthy.
Great-flowered Torch-thistle or Night-flowering Cereus. Fl.
June, Aug. Clt. 1700. Shrub cl.
65 C. SPINULOSUS (D. C. mem. cact. in mem. mus. 17. p. 1 1 7.)
plant a little branched, creeping, and climbing somewhat, nearly
terete, with 5-6 hardly exserted, acutish ribs, and with broad,
bluntish furrows ; areolae, when young, velvety ; prickles 8 in
each fascicle, very short, stiff, when young yellowish, but after-
wards becoming brownish, the lateral ones radiating. Tj . D S.
Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 27. Habit of the stems like
those of C. gran'liflbrus, but the prickles are very different.
Spinulose Torch-thistle. Shrub cl.
66 C. PENTAGONUS (Lin. hort. cliff, p. 182.) plant erect,
jointed, slender, pale green, 5-angled ; ribs repand ; prickles
naked at the base, nearly equal, slender, straw-coloured, with
5-6 radiating ones in each fascicle, and 1 central one. Tj . D. S.
Native of South America. Cactus pentagonus, Lin. spec. 666.
Haw. syn. 180. rev. 77. Salm-Dyck. in litt. C. prismaticus
and C. reptans, Willd. enum. suppl. 32. This is a very poly-
morphous species, varying with 3-4-5 angles, sometimes much
compressed, and sometimes the angles are nearly obliterated.
The plant never throws out lateral roots. Flowers large, white.
Pentagonal-stemmed Torch-thistle. Fl. July. Clt. 1769.
Shrub 3 feet.
67 C. RADICANS (D. C. prod. 3. p. 468.) plant prostrate
jointed, pale green, with 3-5 angles ; prickles stiff, slender, ru-
fous, naked at the base, with 6-9 radiating ones in each fascicle
and 1 central one, which is rather elongated. Jj . D. S. Na-
tive of South America. Cactus reptans, Salm-Dyck. in litt. not
Willd. It differs from C. pentagonus in the stems being pros-
trate and rooting, not erect.
Rooting Torch-thistle. Shrub creeping.
68 C. HU'MILIS (D. C. prod. 3. p. 468.) plant jointed, divari-
cate, rooting, green, with 4 or 5 angles ; ribs much compressec
and repand ; fascicles of prickles crowded ; prickles about equa
in length to the white tomentum from which they arise : 8-10
radiating white bristle-formed ones in each fascicle and 3 stiffisl
straw-coloured, central ones. 17 . D. S. Native country anc
flowers unknown. C. gracilis, Salm-Dyck. in litt. but not 01
Haw. Plant humble, with the joints a little elongated and di-
varicating, deeply furrowed.
Humble Torch-thistle. Shrub.
69 C. ALBISETOSUS (Haw. rev. 77.) plant creeping, green,
with 5 angles ; prickles bristle-formed, white, stellately expanded,
shorter than the rufous wool from which they arise, tj . D. S.
Native of St. Domingo. The rest unknown.
White-bristled Torch-thistle. Clt. 1816. Shrub creeping.
* * * Stems with 3-4 angles.
70 C. QUADRANGULA'RIS (Haw. syn. p. 181.) plant creeping,
3-4-angled ; angles hardly channelled ; spines 5-7 in each fas-
cicle, hardly stellate. Tj . D. S. Native of the West Indies.
— Plum. ed. Burm. t. 199. f. 1. Flowers white, opening at
night, beautiful, and sweet-scented.
Quadrangular Torch- thistle. Clt. 1809. Shrub creeping.
7 1 C. TRIPTERIS (Salm-Dyck. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 468.)
plant jointed, erectish, rooting, green, 3-4-angled ; ribs much
compressed, rather repand ; fascicles of spines crowded, will:
8 radiating ones in each fascicle, and 3 stiffish central ones,
fj . D. S. Native country unknown. It differs from C. grac'lis
CACTE.E. IV. CEREUS.
169
to which it is nearly allied, in the stems being for the most part
3-angled, rarely 4-angled, and never 5-angled, in being more
erect, and in the joints being longer and broader, as if they were
winged, and also in the prickles being longer.
Three-winged Torch-thistle. Clt. ? Shrub.
72 C. SPECIOSISSIMUS (Desf. mem. mus. 3. p. 190. t. 9. under
Cactus) plant erect, 3-4-angled ; angles toothed ; prickles subu-
late, straight, rising from white tomentum ; limb of flower ex-
panded ; genitals declinate. Tj . D. S. Native of Mexico.
Cactus speciosits, Cav. hort. madr. Willd. enum. suppl. p. 31.
Colla, hort. rip. t. 10. but not of Bonpl. Cactus speciosissimus,
Ker. bot. reg. 486. herb. amat. t. 391. Flowers large, of a
beautiful scarlet colour, somewhat violaceous inside. Genitals
white. This is a most splendid plant when in flower, and is now
very common in the gardens.
Var. ft, Infrons (Haw. suppl. p. 76.) plant dwarfer, more de-
cumbent, and throwing out more roots.
Very shorvy Torch-thistle. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Sh.
3 to 6 feet.
78 C. TRIANGULA'RIS (Haw. syn. p. 180.) plant creeping, tri-
gonal ; prickles short, 4 in a fascicle, somewhat decussate, fj .
D. S. Native of Mexico. Cactus triangularis, Lin. spec. 666.
Lam. diet. 1. p. 541. Sims, bot. mag. 1884. Cactus triangu-
laris aphy'llus, Jacq. amer. p. 152. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 200. f. 1.
— Bradl. succ. pi. 3. without a flower. Flowers greenish on the
outside, and white inside, larger than any of the species. Fruit
.naked, scarlet, size and form of a goose's egg.
Var. ft, major (D. C. prod. 8. p. 468.). Native of St. Helena.
Var. y, pictus(D. C. 1. c.) variegated with yellow.
Triangular Torch-thistle. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1690. ' Sh.
1 to 2 feet.
74 C. UNDA'TUS (Haw. in phil. mag. nov. 1829. p. 109.) plant
large, climbing, triangularly furrowed ; joints large, rather lobu-
lately crenated, sometimes like a chain. fj . D. S. Native of
China. Very like C. triangularis, but much larger ; and the
branches are greener and more radicant. Fascicles of spines
small.
Waved Torch-thistle. Clt. 1828. Shrub cl.
75 C. SE'iiGER(Haw. in phil. mag. nov. 1829. p. 108.) plant
erectish ; branches few, quadrangular ; fascicles containing about
20 spines each, 3 or 4 of which are linear, radiating, and nearly
equal, pale. Jj . D. S. Native of Brazil. The habit of the
plant is referrible to Stapelia asterias, but taller and the angles
more concave ; wool at base of spines short.
' Brittle-bearing Torch-tli\al\e. Clt. 1828. Shrub.
76 C. TRIQUETER (Haw. syn. 181.) plant jointed, erectish,
rooting, green, triangular ; angles repand, with the fascicles of
prickles remote ; prickles rising from fuscous tomentum, ray
ones setaceous and deciduous, central 3-4, stiff", short, and ful-
vous. ^ . D. S. Native of South America. C. prismaticus,
Desf. hort. par. Prickles dirty yellow, 2-3 lines long, rising
from short tomentum. Stem 5-6 feet high, branched. * Flowers
unknown.
Triquetrous-stemmed Torch-thistle. Clt. 1794. Shrub 5 to
6 feet.
77 C. TENUISPINUS (Haw. in phil. mag. feb. 1827. p. 125.)
plant weak, branched, somewhat articulated, climbing and root-
ing; branches very slender and triangular; bristles very slender,
bent, wool-formed. lj . D. S. Native country unknown, but
probably in some part of South America. Bristles in crowded
interwoven fascicles along the angles of the stems, which they
hide. Perhaps the same as C. Myosusus.
Slender-spined Torch-thistle. Clt. 1826. Shrub 1 foot.
78 C. TRIGONUS (Haw. syn. 181.) plant creeping, triquetrous;
angles hardly channelled ; prickles 5-7 in a fascicle, stellate.
fj . D. S. Native of the West India Islands. Cactus triqueter
VOL. III.
ft. Haw. misc. nat. 199.— Plum. ed. Burm. t. 200. f. 2. Cdc-
tus triangularis folidsus, Jacq. amer. 152. ex Lam. diet. 1. p.
541. Flowers white (ex Plum.) and the fruit of a violaceous
scarlet colour ; but the fruit, according to Jacquin, is of a shin-
ing scarlet colour ; there are therefore probably two species
confused under this name.
Trigonal-stamened Torch-thistle. Clt. 1809. Shrub cl.
79 C. PRISMA'TICUS (Salm-Dyck. in litt. but not of Willd. ex
D. C. prod. 3. p. 469.) plant articulated, erectish, rooting, green,
triangular ; ribs repand ; fascicles of prickles crowded ; prickles
nearly equal, fulvous, rising from fuscous tomentum, 7 radiating
ones and 2 or 3 central ones in each fascicle. Jj . D. S. Native
country unknown. Plant slenderer and more humble than C.
triqueter ; prickles smaller and more numerous ; and the fas-
cicles are more crowded.
Prismatic Torch-thistle. Clt. 1818. Shrub cr.
80 C. COCCINEUS (Salm-Dyck. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p.
469.) plant with long joints, rooting, deep green, triangular ;
ribs compressed, repand ; prickles rising from yellow tomentum,
radiating ones few, pilose, white, and 4 rather recurved, stiff, ful-
vous, central ones in each fascicle. fj . D. S. Native of
Brazil, among rocks on the mountains. Flowers said to be
numerous, large, and scarlet.
Scarlet-Rowered Torch-thistle. Clt. ? Shrub cr.
81 C. EXTE'NSUS (Salm-Dyck. in litt. ex D. C. 1. c.) plant
with long joints, rooting, green, triangular ; ribs repand; prickles
rising from fulvous tomentum ; radiating ones pilose, whitish,
10-12 in each fascicle, and 2-4 small, stiff", yellowish, central
ones. 1} . D. S. Native country unknown. Perhaps only
a variety of the preceding, but less spinose. Joints much ex-
tended, and while young margined with red ; and with the
prickles and hairs rose-coloured.
Extended Torch- thistle. Clt. ? Shrub cr.
82 C. SQUAMULOSUS (Salm-Dyck. in litt. ex D. C. 1. c.) plant
erect, jointed, rooting a little, green, triangular ; ribs much com-
pressed, repandly crenated, furnished with an ovate acute
scale, and numerous white hairs in the crenatures. >j . D. S.
Native of Brazil. This is a very singular plant, with the sides
of the joints 2 inches broad, and 4-toothed at the angles, and
for the most part margined with red ; teeth as in Stapelia, fur-
nished each with a marcescent scale or leaf. Flowers small,
solitary, when dried permanent, yellow ; petals 6-8, acute. Style
filiform, 8-cleft at the apex. Fruit unknown.
Scaly Torch-thistle. Clt. ? Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
83 C. SETA'CEUS (Salm-Dyck. in litt. ex D. C. 1. c.) plant
jointed, erect, rooting a little, deep green, triangular ; ribs rather
compressed, somewhat repand ; hairs rising from white tomen-
tum, with 7-9 radiating ones in each fascicle, and in the middle
of each fascicle is a central soft prickle. fj . D. S. Native
of Brazil.
Bristly Torch-thistle. Clt. ? Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
84 C. MYOSU'RUS (Salm-Dyck. in litt. ex D. C. 1. c.) plant
rather articulated, erect, rooting a little, slender, margined with
red, 3-4-angled ; ribs crenulated, furnished with pencil-like
fascicles of white hairs at the crenatures. ^ . D. S. Native of
Brazil. Sides of stem hardly 3 lines broad. Pili long, erect,
especially on the young branches. The rest unknown.
Mouse-tail Torch-thistle. Shrub.
85 C. TE'NUIS (D. C. prod. 3. p. 469.) plant low, climbing,
acutely trigonal, with some roots issuing from the sides ;
hairs in fascicles along the angles, elongated, soft and adpres-
sed ; flowers sessile, usually with 5 sepals and 5 petals.
Jj . D. S. Native of Brazil. Cactus tenuis, Schott. ined.
Flowers small, rose-coloured, hardly open, rising from among
the fascicles of hairs ; tube very short.
Slender Torch- thistle. Clt ? Shrub.
170
CACTEjE. IV. CEREUS. V. EPIPHYLLUM.
§ 3. Opuntidcei (plants having the habit of Opuntia). D. C.
prod. 3. p. 470. Stems composed of globose joints, horrific
from diverging prickles. Flowers tubular. Style much exserted,
multifid at the apex. Perhaps a proper genus, intermediate
between Cereus and Opuntia ?
86 C. MONILIFORMIS (Lin. spec. 668. under Cactus) plant dif-
fusely procumbent, much branched ; joints globose ; prickles
strong, diverging. Tj . D. S. Native of St. Domingo. Plum,
ed. Burm. t. 198. Cactus moniliformis, Lam. diet. 1. p. 541.
Flowers and fruit red ; floral tube elongated, as in Cereus ;
limb short, spreading. Style much exserted. Stigmas 8-10,
spreading.
Necklace-formed Torch-thistle. Shrub procumbent.
87 C. SE'RPENS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 68.
under Cactus) plant creeping, branched, rather angular ; areolae
6-angled, prickly at the apex ; Howers tubular. Jj . D. S. Na-
tive of Quito, on dry hills on the banks of the river Guanca-
bamba, near Sondorillo. Flowers flesh-coloured; petals 8-12,
acute ; stigmas 8, approximate. Perhaps a species of Opuntia.
Creeping Torch-thistle. Shrub cr.
88 C. NA'NCS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. under Cdctus) plant
creeping and jointed ; joints terete, rather compressed, areolate,
prickly, a little branched. If. . D. S. Native of Quito, near
Sondorillo, on the banks of the Guancabamba. The rest un-
known.
Dwarf Torch-thistle. Shrub proc. 2 to 3 inches.
89 C. GRA'CILIS (Haw. in phil. mag. feb. 1827. p. 126.) plant
erectish, nearly terete ; old spines solitary, straight, an inch
long, but at first twin or more, white. fj . D. S. Native of
South America. Plant with the habit of Euphorbia hystrix, but
less spiny and the spines shorter. It appears to be more nearly
allied to C. nanus than to any other species.
Weak Torch-thistle. Clt. ? Shrub.
t The following species are in the gardens, but nothing is
known of them but the names.
1 C. rosaceus, Hort. berol. 2 C. Deppii, Hort. berol.
3 C. incrustatus, Hort. berol. 4 C. exerens, Hort. berol. 5 C.
off mis, Hort. berol. 6 C. proteiformis, Hort. par. 7 C. Col-
mill, Sweet. 8 C. ovatus, Gil), (under Cactus'). 9 C. po-
lymorphus, Gill, (under Cdctus).
Cult. The same kind of soil recommended for Mammillaria,
p. 160. will answer the species of this genus; and they are
easily propagated by cuttings, which if left to lie a few days
after being separated from the mother plant, strike root readily.
In order to have several species on one tree, insert them in a
plant of Pereskia.
V. EPIPHY'LLUM (from ciri, epi, upon, and <j>v\\ov,phyllon,
a leaf; flowers rising from the flat branches, which appear like
leaves). Herm. par. bat. add. (ex Dill.). Haw. syn. succ. p.
197. phil. mag. aug. 1829. p. 108 — Phyllarthus, Neck. elem.
1. p. 85. Cereus, § 3. Alata, D. C. prod. 3. p. 469. Cactus
species of Lin. and others.
LIN. SYST. Icosdndria, Monogynia. Tube of corolla very
long, middle-sized, or very short, furnished with remote, un-
armed scales, rising from the crenatures of the branches, among
small innocuous spines. Limb of corolla fugaceous, deeply
multifid, and as if it were polypetalous, rosaceous or more or
less of a ringent form. Branched, slender, hardly climbing
subshrubs, natives of South America, growing among rocks
or on the trunks of old trees ; branches much compressed, 2-
edged, thin but fleshy, lobately crenated, green, smooth ; with a
slender, woody, central axis. Flowers solitary, usually large
and showy, white, rose-coloured, or scarlet, rarely sweet-scented.
The branches towards the roots are rather angular. The rest
as in Cereus, of which perhaps it is merely a section.
SECT. I. NOCTU'RNA (from nocturnus, nightly, or in the night ;
in reference to the time at which the flowers expand). Haw. in
phil. mag. aug. 1829. p. 107. Corollas fugaceous, sweet-scented,
white, expanding alone at night ; tube very long.
1 E. PHYLLA'NTHUS (Haw. syn. 197.) corolla small, much
shorter than the tube, which is nearly a foot in length ; stigmas
10. ^2 . D. S. Native of South America, in Brazil, Guiana,
Surinam, Guadaloupe, &c. Cactus phyllanthus, Lin. spec. 670.
D. C. pi. grass, t. 145. Opuntia phyllanthus, Mill. diet. no. 9.
Cereus phyllanthus, D. C. prod. 3. p. 469. — Dill. elth. t. 64.
f. 74. Flowers white, 9-12 inches long, expanding at night,
sweet-scented.
Leaf-flowering Epiphyllum. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1810. Sh. 1 to 3 ft.
2 E. HOOKE'RI (Haw. 1. c.) corolla middle-sized, much shorter
than the tube, which is about half a foot long ; stigmas
usually 13. Jj . D. S. Native of South America. Flowers
white, sweet-scented. Cactus pliyllanthus. Hook. bot. mag.
2692. Flowers white, sweet-scented.
Hooker's Epiphyllum. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Sh. 2 feet.
SECT. II. DIU'RNA (from diurnus, belonging to the day-time ;
in allusion to the time of the blossoms expanding). Haw. in
phil. mag. aug. 1829. Corollas scentless, open day and night ;
tube middle-sized or very short.
3 E. PHYLLANTHOIDES (Haw. 1. c.) corolla large, rosaceous ;
tube middle-sized, shorter than the oblong-lanceolate petals ;
stigmas 7. J? . D. S. Native of Mexico. Cactus phyllan-
thoides, D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 84. Sims, bot. mag.
2092. D. C. prod. 3. p. 469. Cactus speciosus, Ker. bot. reg.
304. Bonpl. nav. t. 3. Epiphyll. speciosum, Haw. suppl. p.
84. Cactus elegans, Link, enum. 2. p. 25. Cactus alatus,
Willd. enum. suppl. 35. — Hern. mex. 292. f. 3. and t. 457
Pluk. phyt. t. 247. f. 5. Flowers pale rose-coloured, 4 inches
long, scentless. Branches flat, without any spines in the notches
except when young.
Phyllanthus -like or Common Epiphyllum. Fl. June, July.
Clt. 1810. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
4 E. VANDE'SII (Hortul.) branches flat or triquetrous, with
no spines in the notches, except when young, when there are a
few small ones at the base ; branches rather convex. fj .
D. S. A hybrid raised in the garden of the Count de Vandes
at Bayswater, from the seed of E. phyllanthoides, impregnated
by the pollen of Cereus speciosissimus. The flowers are large,
and of a deep red colour, and, upon the whole, it may be consi-
dered the most splendid of the genus.
Count De Vandes' Epiphyllum, or Hybrid Cactus. Fl. June,
July. Hybrid shrub.
5 E. JENKINSONII ; branches round or triquetrous at the base,
but always flat at the apex, with the notches more prominent and
spiny than in any other species of the genus; the branches are like-
wise more convex and firm. f; . D. S. A hybrid, raised from
the seeds of Cereus speciosissimus, impregnated by the pollen of
Epiphyllum speciosum. Cactus Jenkensonii, Hortul. The
flowers of this hybrid are large, and of a deep scarlet-colour, and
are said even to outvie in splendour those of E. Fandesii. There
are several other hybrids now in various gardens, raised from the
same parents as the present plant, which may prove even
superior in splendour to any of the genus, but they have not yet
flowered.
Jenkinson's Epiphyllum or Hybrid Cactus. Fl. Ju. July. Hy-
brid. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
6 E. OXYPE'TALUM (Haw. 1. c.) tube of flower length of the
acuminated lobes ; flowers sessile ; fruit nerved longitudinally.
CACTEjE. V. EPIPHYLIUM. VI. OPUNTIA.
171
Tj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Cereus oxypetalus, D. C. prod.
3. p. 470. Flowers 4 inches long, reddish brown on the out-
side, and white inside. Berry red, oblong, ribbed, attenuated at
both ends. Branches like those of E. phyllantholdes.
Sharp.-petalled Epiphyllum. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
7 E. AIA'TUM (Haw. suppl. p. 84.) corolla small, greenish
white ; tube very short ; berry blackish. Jj . D. S. Native of
Jamaica, on the trunks of trees. Cereus alatus, D. C. prod. 3.
p. 470. Cactus alatus, Swartz. fl. ind. occ. 878. Link. enum.
2. p. 24. exclusive of the D. C. syn.
Winged Epiphyllum. Fl. June. Clt. 1810. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
8 E. AKERMA'NNI (Haw. in phil. mag. Aug. 1829. p. 108.)
corolla large, rather ringent, assurgent before expansion, and
acute at the apex, nearly 4 times longer than the tube ; stigmas
7. f? . D. S. Native of Mexico, from whence it was brought
by a Mr. Akermann. Cactus Akermanni, Hortul. Flowers
large, scarlet. Petals keeled, a little recurved at the apex.
Branches flat, thin, seldom with any spines in the notches except
when young.
Akermann' s Epiphyllum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1829. Shrub
1 to 3 feet.
9 E. CRISPA'TUM (Haw. in phil. mag. Feb. 1830. p. 109.)
branches cuneate-oblong, waved ; margins appearing curled
from large crenatures. 1? . D. S. Native of Brazil. Flowers
not seen.
CWfed-branched Epiphyllum. Clt. 1829. Shrub 1 to 2 ft.
10 E. TRTJNCA'TUM (Haw. suppl. p. 85. et in phil. mag. vol. 4.
p. 188.) corolla reflexed, ringent; tube very short ; branchlets
dichotomous, truncate at the apex. Tj . D. S. Native of South
America. Cactus truncatus, Link. enum. 2. p. 24. Ker, bot.
reg. 696. Sims, bot. mag. 2526. Hook. exot. fl. t. 20. Lodd.
bot. cab. 1207. Cereus truncatus, D. C. prod. 3. p. 470. Flowers
rising from the truncate tops of the branches, red or rose-co-
loured, hardly 3 inches long, oblique ; stamens white, ascending ;
stigmas 7, closely conniving. Joints of stem compressed. This
species appears to be an intermediate plant joining Epiphyllum
with Opuntia. It is a very elegant plant when in blossom.
Truncate Epiphyllum. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1818. Shrub
1 foot.
Cult. The species of Epiphyllum are extremely showy when
in flower. Their culture and propagation are the same as that
recommended for the last genus. They are known at first from
all the other genera of this order by their flat elongated branches.
VI. OPU'NTIA (some species grows plentiful near Opus, a
city of Locris). Tourn. inst. 239. t. 122. Mill. diet. Haw. syn.
187. D. C. prod. 3. p. 471 Tuna, Dill. hort. elth. f. 379. and
383. — Cactus Opuntia, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 33. D. C. cat.
hort. monsp. Link, enum. 2. p. 23.
LIN. SYST. Icosandria, Monogynia. Sepals numerous, leaf-
formed, adnate to the ovarium : upper ones flat and short : inner
ones petal-formed, obovate, rosaceous, expanded : without any
tube above the ovarium. Stamens numerous, shorter than the
petals. Style cylindrical, constricted at the base; stigmas manyr
thick, erect. Berry ovate, umbilicate at the apex, tubercled, and
usually bearing spines. Embryo rather spiral, nearly terete.
Cotyledons semi-terete (ex Gaertn. fruct. 2. t. 138.), after germi-
nation becoming foliaceous, and flat, but thickish. (see Dill. elth.
f. 381.) Plumule small. — Shrubs, with the trunk at length be-
coming terete, but having the young branches very rarely cylin-
drical, but usually more or less compressed, and jointed ; joints
ovate or oblong, bearing fascicles of spines or bristles, which are
disposed in a quincuncial or spiral order. Leaves nearly the
form of those of some species of Sedum, but fall off very soon,
one under each fascicle of spines or bristles on the branches
when young. Flowers rising from the fascicles of spines or
bristles, or from the edges of the joints, either yellow or reddish.
Stamens rather irritable to the touch.
SECT. I. CYLINDRA'CE.S: (from cylindraceus, like a roller ; in
allusion to the cylindrical branches). D. C. prod. 3. p. 471.
Stems cylindrical, neither jointed, nor furrowed, but bearing areo-
late convex tubercles, and fascicles of prickles. The species of
this section are not sufficiently known, or probably they would
have constituted an intermediate genus between Cereus and
Opuntia.
1 O. ROSEA (D. C. diss. t. 15.) plant erect, rose-coloured ;
stems and branches tubercular ; tubercles oblong, depressed,
disposed in spiral series, bearing each at the apex a caducous
leaf, and a fascicle of straight white prickles ; flowers nearly ro-
tate, usually by fours at the tops of the branches. Tj . D. S.
Native of Mexico. Cactus subquadrifl6rus, Moc. et Sesse, fl.
mex. icon. ined. This is an anomalous species, as from the
stems it agrees with Cereus tuberculosus, and from the rotate
flowers it agrees with Opuntia. Flowers flesh-coloured. Fruit
white. Leaves terete, acute, soon falling off.
Tfose-coloured Indian-fig. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
2 O. CYU'NDRICA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 471.) plant erect ; stem
and branches tubercular, areolate ; tubercles rhomboid, bearing
each a caducous leaf, and a few white prickles. Tj . D. S. Na-
tive of Peru. Flowers unknown. Cactus cylindricus, Lam.
diet. 1. p. 539. but not of Ort. Cereus cylindricus, Haw. syn.
183.
Cylindrical-branched Indian-fig. Clt. 1799. Sh. 2 to 3 feet.
3 O. IMBRICA'TA (D. C. prod. 3. p, 471.) plant erect, terete,
not furrowed, but superficially ribbed, and rather lobe-formed,
somewhat imbricately tesselated in various ways. T? . D. S.
Native country and flowers unknown. Cfereus imbricatus, Haw.
rev. 70. Allied to O. cylindrica, but more robust according to
Haworth, but according to the Prince de Salm-Dyck it is slen-
derer.
/win'cate-tesseled Indian-fig. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
4 O. STAPE'LLE (D. C. mem. cact. in mem. mus. 17. p. 117.)
plant branched, irregularly tufted, deep green ; joints ovate or
oblong ; areolae small, tomentose in the axils of the tubercles ;
prickles 5-6 in a fascicle, stiff, straw-coloured, setaceous, when
old the epidermis or coat separates from them. Jj . D. S. Na-
tive of Mexico. Coulter, no. 38. Stem hardly an inch high.
Habit almost of Stapelia ccespilbsa, but which is without
prickles.
Stapelia-like Indian-fig. Clt. 1830. Shrub 1 to 2 inches.
5 O. EXUVIA'TA (D. C. 1. c. p. 118.) plant branched, erect,
nearly terete ; branches furnished with compressed tubercles,
and irregular crests, so as to make them nearly pentagonal ;
areolse orbicular, velvety at the axils of the tubercles ; prickles
6-12 in a fascicle, stiff, straight, when old the epidermis sepa-
rates from them. Tj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no.
18. Cactus tunicatus, Hort. berol. ex Salm-Dyck. Trunk a
foot high, and 18 inches thick.
Var. |3, angustior (D. C. 1. c.) trunk slenderer ; prickles
fewer; areolas narrower. Coulter, no. 17.
Var. y, spinosior(D. C. 1. c.) stem dwarf; prickles longer and
more numerous, and more spine-like.
Stripped Indian-fig. Clt. 1830. Shrub 1 foot.
6 O. DECI'PIENS (D. C. 1. c.) plant erect, branched, green ;
branches cylindrical, attenuated at the base; tubercles few,
spirally disposed ; areolae small ; prickles of two forms, the
lower one large and spreadingly deflexed : the rest, 3-4' in num-
ber, bristle- formed and radiating. Tj . D. S. Native of Mexico.
Coulter, no. 20. Leaves small, ovate-oblong, deciduous. Large
prickle an inch long, whenold the epidermis separates from
it. The rest 1-2 lines long. Compare it with 0. cylindrica.
z 2
172
CACTE.E. VI. OFUNTIA.
Deceiving Indian-fig. Clt. 1830. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
7 O. KLEI'NLE (D. C. 1. c.) plant erect, branched, greyish
green ; branches erect, cylindrical, without tubercles ; fascicles
disposed in a spiral manner to the left ; areolae velvety ; prickles
of two forms, with numerous bristle-formed whitish brown ones
in each fascicle, and one large spreadingly deflexed slender white
one at the lower side of the fascicle, fj . D. S. Native of
Mexico. Coulter, no. 21. Stem more than a finger in thick-
ness, like the stem of Cacalia Klemice. Leaves small, oblong,
deciduous. Large prickle an inch long.
Kleinia-]lke Indian-fig. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
8 O. LEPTOCAU'LIS (B.C. 1. c.) plant erect, branched; branches
cylindrical, erect, without tubercles ; fascicles disposed in spiral
lines to the left ; areolse rather tomentose ; prickles of two forms,
the 3 lower ones in each fascicle setaceous, blackish, spread-
ingly deflexed, the rest bristly, crowded, and rufescent. Tj . D.
S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 22. Stem the thickness
of the small finger. Referrible to the preceding species.
Slender-stemmed Indian-fig. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
9 O. LEUCO'TRICHA (D. C. I.e. p. 119.) joints oblong, erect,
when young velvety ; areolae when young convex, velvety ;
prickles of two forms, 2 or 3 of which in each fascicle are very
long, setaceous, unarmed, white, and spreading, and 4-5 very
small, bristle-like, straight, yellow ones. Jj . D. S. Native of
Mexico. Coulter, no. 2. Larger prickles 10-12 lines long.
Intervals between the fascicles of bristles distant.
White-haired Indian-fig. Shrub.
10 O. OTTONIS (Link et Otto, pi. rar. hort. berol. t. 16.)
stem nearly cylindrical, with 12 bluntish ribs; the 3-4 middle
spines in each fascicle are erectish, slender, brownish, longer
than the rest, which are 10-14 in number, very slender, and
spreading ; petals acute, rather serrulated, cuspidate. 17 . D. S.
Native of Brazil.
Otto's Indian-fig. Shrub.
11O. PULVINA'TA (D. C. 1. c.) joints oval, erect, velvety;
areolae convex, pulvinate, the whole occupied by innumerable,
straight, crowded, yellow, fragile bristles, without any true
prickles intermixed. Jj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter.
A very distinct species, O. macrodasys, Lehm. hort. hamb. ex
Salm-Dyck in litt.
Pulvinate Indian-fig. Shrub.
SECT. II. DIVARICA'TS (from divaricatus, divaricated ;
branches). Haw. syn. 195. Stems humble ; branches diverg-
ing ; joints linear-lanceolate, thick, nearly terete. Prickles strong,
in fascicles.
12 O. LONGISPINA (Link et Otto, hort. berol. Haw. in phil.
mag. Feb. 1830. p. 109.) joints compressedly terete: spines pur-
plish, some of them small and fulvous, and a slender terete one
(which is when full grown 3 inches long) in each fascicle, tj .
D. S. Native of Brazil.
Long-spined Indian-fig. Clt. 1829. Shrub.
13 O. GLOMERATA (Haw. in phil. mag. Feb. 1830. p. 110.)
branches disposed in crowded tufts ; central spines solitary in
each tuft, linear, acuminated, flat on both sides, very long. 1? .
D. S. Native of Brazil. Branches thick, teretely lanceolate,
greenish, hardly half an inch broad.
Glomerate-branched Indian-fig. Clt. 1829. Shrub.
14 O. FOLIOSA (Salm-Dyck in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 471.)
joints compressed, branched, pale green, when young leafy, when
old prickly; prickles 1-2, elongated, pale straw-coloured, rising
from yellowish tomentum. fj . D. S. Native of South Ame-
rica. O. pusilla, Haw. syn. 195. but not of Salm-Dyck. Cac-
tus foliosus, Willd. enum. suppl. 32. Flowers almost like those
of O. vulgaris. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 8-10, yellow. Stigmas
3-4, white.
Leafy Indian-fig. Fl. June. Clt. 1805. Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
15 O. CURASSA'VICA (Mill. diet. no. 7. Haw. syn. 196.) plant
erect ; joints brittle, cylindrically ventricose, compressed, very
much divaricated, deep green ; prickles 1-4 in each fascicle,
whitish. \) . D. S. Native of Curassoa. Bradl. succ. t. 4.
Cactus Curassavicus, Lin. spec. 670. Flowers yellow, an inch
and a half in diameter. Stigmas 3-5.
Var. ft, longa (Haw. rev. p. 71.) branches more firm, and
twice the length of those of the species. T; . D. S. Native of
Brazil. Perhaps a proper species. There are several other
varieties mentioned by Haworth, but they appear to have sprung
more from the state of the plants, and the manner of culture.
Curassoa Indian-fig. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1690. Shrub 4
to 6 feet.
16 O. FRA'OILIS (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 296. under Cdctns,)
joints short, oblong, nearly terete, fragile, doubly spinose ; fruit
dry and prickly. Ij . H. Native of North America, in sterile
places about the river Missouri. Flowers small, yellow, solitary
on the tops of the branches. Truly distinct from all the rest,
and will perhaps form a distinct section along with two other un-
published species, which are now growing in the garden of the
Prince de Salm-Dyck.
Brittle Indian-fig. Clt. 1814. Shrub \ to 1 foot.
17 O. PUSILLA (Salm-Dyck, obs. bot. 1822. et in litt. 1827.)
plant prostrate, divaricate, of a dirty-green colour ; joints cylin-
drical, cucumber-formed ; fascicles of prickles crowded ; prickles
setaceous, white, rising from white tomentum, 1 or 2 in each fas-
cicle are more elongated than the rest. \i . D. S. Native of
South America. Joints rather attenuated at the apex.
Small Indian-fig. Clt. 1817. Shrub prostrate.
SECT. III. GRANDISPINOS.E (from grandis, great, and spinosus,
full of spines ; in reference to the prickles being large and nu-
merous). Haw. syn. 195. Joints compressed, ovate or obovate.
Prickles variable, the smaller ones setaceous, and the larger ones
much longer and stronger.
ISO. MISSOURIE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 3. p. 472.) joints broad,
nearly orbicular, very prickly ; prickles of 2 forms, larger ones
radiating and permanent ; flowers numerous ; fruit dry and
prickly, fj . H. Native of North America, in arid places about
the Missouri, plentiful. Cactus ferox, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p.
296. but not of Willd. O. polyacantha, Haw. rev. p. 82.
Larger than 0. vulgaris. Flowers pale yellow or sulphur-co-
loured. Stigmas 8-10, greenish. Prickles white.
Missouri Indian-fig. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1814. Sh. 1 ft.
19 O. FE'ROX (Haw. suppl. p. 82.) joints oblong, elongated;
prickles strong and setaceous, numerous, whitish, in fascicles,
longer than the wool from which they issue, one of which in each
fascicle is longer than the rest. Tj . D. S. Native of South
America. Cactus ferox, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 35. but not of
Nutt. The rest unknown.
.Fierce Indian-fig. Clt. 1817. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
20 O. SPINOSI'SSIMA (Mill. diet. ed. 8. Haw. syn. 193.) joints
oblong ; prickles yellowish, setaceous, and subulate, very nu-
merous, in fascicles, longer than the wool from which they issue.
Tj.D. S. Native of Jamaica. Cactus spinosissimus, Lam. diet.
1. p. 537. Flowers yellow.
Very-spiny Indian-fig. Fl. July. Clt. 1732. Sh. 6 to 10 feet.
21 O. HO'RRIDA (Salm-Dyck in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 472.)
plant erect ; joints cuneately obovate, repand, tubercled ; fas-
cicles of prickles remote ; prickles of various forms, yellow,
painted with brown, rising from setaceous yellow tomentum, one
in each fascicle longer than the rest, about 2 inches in length.
P; . D. S. Native of South America. O. humilis, Haw. syn.
189. Cactus humilis, Haw. misc. 187. but the name is deceit-
ful, the plant growing to a considerable height. Flowers yellow.
CACTEiE. VI. OPUNTIA.
173
Perhaps Cactus humilis, Lag. nov. spec, is different from this.
The plant often occurs in the gardens under the name of 0. Tuna.
Horrid Indian-fig. Fl. July. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
22 O. DILLE'NII (Haw. suppl. p. 79.) plant erect; joints
roundish-obovate, undulated, glaucous ; prickles strong, divari-
cated, yellow, but the brush-like bristles by which they are sur-
rounded are much shorter, fy . D. S. Native of South America.
—Dill. elth. f. 382. Cactus Dillenii, Ker, bot. reg. 255. Flowers
large, pale yellow. Ovarium shorter than the corolla, furnished
at the summit by fascicles of bristles.
Dillenius's Indian-fig. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1810. Sh. 3 to 5 feet.
23 O. TI/NA (Mill. diet. no. 3. Haw. 1. c.) plant erect ; joints
broadly ovate-oblong ; prickles subulate, long, yellow ; wool at
the base of the spines sjiort. tj . D. S. Native of South Ame-
rica, at Cuenca in Quito. Cactus Bonplandii, H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 69. — Dill. elth. 386. t. 295. f. 386.
'lowers of an orange-colour, or iron grey-colour, or dirty red.
tigmas 8-10-cleft. This kind of Indian-fig makes strong
fences. When the Island of St. Christopher was to be divided
>etween the English and the French, three rows of the Tuna
were planted by common consent between the boundaries,
loane. Sir James Smith, in his paper upon the irritability of
vegetables, informs us that the long and slender stamens of the
lower are very irritable ; and that if a quill or feather is thrust
hrough them, in the space of 2 or 3 seconds they begin to lie
lown gently on one side, and in a short time become recumbent
at the bottom of the flower. According to Humboldt and Bon-
>land the fine kind of cochineal is nourished by this plant.
Tuna Indian-fig. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. Sh. 3 to 6 ft.
24 O. POLYA'NTHA (Haw. syn. p. 190.) plant erect; joints
oblong and ovate ; prickles very different in form, yellow, larger
ones setaceous, erectly spreading ; flowers numerous at the tops
of the branches. Tj . D. S. Native of South America. Cac-
tus Opuntia polyantha, D. C. pi. grass, no. 138. with a figure.
actus polyanthos, Sims, bot. mag t. 2691. Flowers yellow.
Style full, not fistular as in the other species. Stigmas 6.
Many-flowered Indian-fig. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1811. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
25 O. MONACA'NTHA (Willd. enum. suppl. under Cdctus, Salm-
Oyck in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 723.) joints obovate-oblong ;
>rickles solitary, subulate, strong. fj . D. S. Native of South
America. Cactus Opuntia Tuna, D. C. pi. grass, no. 137. t. 2.
taints a foot long. Flowers yellow, verging to purple beneath.
One-spined Indian-fig. Clt. 1816. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
26 O. ELA'TIOR (Mill. diet. no. 4. Haw. syn. 187.) plant
erect ; joints broadly ovate-oblong ; prickles subulate, very long,
jlackish, with the wool from which they rise nearly obsolete.
. D. S. Native of South America. Cactus Tuna ft, Willd,
spec. 2. p. 944. — Dill. elth. t. 294. f. 379. Flowers yellow,
varying to purple. Stigma 5-cleft. Adult stem nearly terete
ex Jacq.
Taller Indian-fig. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. Shrub 6 feet.
27 O. NI'ORICANS (Haw. syn. 189.) plant erect; joints ob-
long and lanceolate ; prickles very different in form, of a black-
ish brown-colour, larger ones divaricate. Tj . D. S. Native of
South America. Cactus nigricans, Haw. 137. Cactus Tunay,
nigricans, Sims, bot. mag. 1557. Cactus pseudo-coccinillifer,
Bert. exc. p. 11. virid. 18^4. p. 4. exclusive of the synonymes.
Flowers reddish on the outside, and yellow inside. Stigmas 5,
thick, greenish.
Blackish Indian-fig. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1795. Sh. 2 to 3 feet.
28 O. MA'XIMA (Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 5.) plant erect ; joints
ovate-oblong, very thick ; spines unequal. fy . D. S. Native
of South America. Perhaps the same as 0. Amyclea.
Greatest Indian-fig. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
29 O. TRIACA'NTHA (Willd. enum. suppl. under Cactus,) joints
ovate-oblong; prickles whitish, usually 3 together, strong,
longer than the wool from which they issue. Jj . D. S. Native
of South America. Very nearly allied to O. polyantha ex Salm-
Dyck in litt. but the joints are a little larger, and the prickles
are white. Flowers unknown.
Three-spmed Indian-fig. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
SECT. IV. PARVISPINOS^E (from parvus, small, and spinostis,
full of spines ; in reference to the spines being small, equal, and
numerous). D. C. prod. 3. p. 473. Prickles uniform, hair-
shaped, short or nearly wanting.
30 O. DECUMA'NA (Haw. rev. 71.) joints ovate-oblong;
prickles deciduous, length of the wool from which they issue.
f; . D. S. Native of South America. Cactus decumanus, Willd.
enum. suppl. 34. O. maxima, Mill. diet. ed. 2. no. 5. Cactus
elongatus, Willd. enum. suppl. 31-. There are varieties of this
plant with either ovate or lanceolate-oblong joints, almost un-
armed or furnished with some short white prickles. Flowers
yellow. The cochineal bug thrives almost as well on this species
as on the next.
Huge Indian-fig. Clt. 1768. Shrub 5 to 10 feet.
31 O. COCHINILLI'FERA (Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 6. Haw. syn.
192.) plant erect; joints obovate, nearly unarmed; petals
connivent ; stamens and style exserted. fj . D. S. Native of
South America. Cactus cochinillifera, Lin. spec. 670. Hook, in
bot. mag. 2741. and 2742.— Dill. elth. t. 297. f. 383. Joints
while young oblong, areolate, at length obovate-oblong. Flowers
blood-coloured ex Dill, elth., small, spreading a little. Spines
slender, blackish. The ripe fruit is said to check fluxes by its
mild restringency. Flowers red. Perhaps Nopal de Castille
Thierr-Menonville, voy. Guax. 2. p. 278. is the same as this
plant.
Of the particular species of Opuntia which nourishes the co-
chineal insect much doubt has existed. There is some reason to
believe that the Opuntia cochinillifera, Haw. Cactus, Lin is not
the plant which produces the best Mexican cochineal. Tilloa,
on the authority of well informed travellers, states that the cochi-
neal Cactus has no spines, and a fruit imbued with deep red
pulp. Clavigero, however, says, " In Misteca, where I was for
five years, I always saw the insect upon prickly Nopals. M. de
Raynal imagines that the colour of the cochineal is to be ascribed
to the red fig on which it lives ; but that author has been mis-
informed, for neither does the cochineal feed upon the fruit, but
only upon the green part of the plant ; nor does that species of
Nopal bear red, but white figs. Clavigero adds, " it may be
reared upon the species with red fruit, but that is not the proper
plant of the cochineal." M. Thierry de Menonville, who pro-
cured the cochineal insect, and the Opuntia on which it feeds
from Guaxaca in Mexico, and transported them to St. Domingo,
and who unquestionably had the best means of determining the
kinds of Cacti cultivated for the insect, describes particularly 3
sorts on which it may be reared, and cultivated to advantage.
The first is the Cactier Nopal, upon which alone the cochineal
is reared in Mexico, both the fine and the common sorts,
although there are throughout the country many other kinds of
Opuntia. The two following, therefore, it is presumed are em-
ployed in St. Domingo. 2. The Cactier splendide, which may
be used to equal advantage with the former ; and 3. The Cactier
de Campeche. Of these the first, as far as can be determined by
description, is the Cactus Tuna of Lin. which is the Opiintia
Tuna of Mill. The second appears to be very similar to
the former, but larger in its joints, and very glaucous. The
third is without doubt the Cactus cochinillifera, Lin. and which
he says of it from his own experience, that it may be usefully
employed for rearing the Cochinille sylvestre, and may even sup-
port a small quantity of the fine kind. Humboldt also, although
174
CACTE/E. VI. OPUNTIA.
lie allows that it is the plant upon which the cochineal has often
been sent to Europe, asserts that our Opuntia cochinillifera is
not the individual of the Mexican Nopaleries, which he makes
a new species under the name of O. Bonpldndii, and he quotes
under it with a mark of doubt the Cactus Tuna of Lin. At Rio
Janeiro, when that place was visited by the Chinese embassy
under Lord Macartney, there were considerable plantations of
Cactus Tuna, now Opuntia Tuna, for rearing the cochineal,
which had sometime previously been introduced to Brazil. In
St. Vincent the Rev. L. Guilding has a considerable nursery of
the Opuntia cochinillifera inhabited by thousands of the true
cochineal ; and he is in expectation of sending to the Society of
Arts a large quantity of the dried insects. From all that has
been said we think it may be inferred with safety that in Mexico
and Brazil the Opuntia luna or Bonpldndii is the favourite food
of the cochineal ; and that in the West Indian Islands, where 0.
Tuna is perhaps less frequent, the 0. cochinillifera is employed
by the natives, and answers the purpose sufficiently well.
Like all the species of Opuntia, the plants propagate readily
by having the joints stuck into the ground, and the plants love
dry and barren spots. If cultivated for the purpose of rearing
the cochineal, it must be defended, at least in the rainy Island of
St. Vincent, from storms and winds, by sheds placed to wind-
ward.
The cochineal insect, which feeds upon the kinds of Opuntia
just mentioned, is too well known to need a particular descrip-
tion here ; as are also its valuable properties in producing the
dye which bears its name, and carmine. It is the Coccus cacti
of Linn ECUS, a small insect of the order Hymenoptera, having a
general appearance not very dissimilar to that of the mealy-bug
of our gardens, and equally covered with a white powdery sub-
stance. The male is winged. It is originally a native of
Mexico, and was cultivated for its precious dye long before the
conquest of that country ; and these plantations, called Nopa-
leros, are most extensive in the Misteca and Oaxaca ; the latter
district alone has exported, according to Humboldt, upon the
average 32,000 arobas annually, estimated at 2,400,000 piastres,
above 500,000^. sterling.
In Sloane's Jamaica, vol. 1. t. 9. a representation of a Mexican
Nopalery is given from a drawing made at Guaxaca, by an In-
dian. In these small plantations or enclosures they cultivated
either the fine sort (Grana fina of the Spaniards), or the com-
mon kind (Grana sylvestre), which differ by the first having a
finer quality and more powdery covering ; whilst the latter, less
valuable in its produce, has a cottony covering ; but whether
these two insects be specifically distinct has not yet been deter-
mined. The placing of the females, when big with young, is
called sowing. The proprietor of a Nopalery buys in April or
May the branches of joints of the Tunas de Castilla (Opuntia
Tuna), which are sold in the market of Oaxaca at about 3 franks
a hundred, loaded with young cochineals (semilla). These are
kept in cellars for 20 days, when they are exposed to the air,
suspended under a shed. So rapid then is the growth of the
insect, that by August or September the females are big with
young, and ready for sowing, which is done in small nests, made
of the fibrous parts of the foliage of a Tillandsia called Paxtle.
In four months from the time of sowing the harvest commences.
The insects are brushed off with a squirrel's or deer's tail by
women, who sit during this operation, for whole hours at one
Nopal plant ; so that were it not for the extreme cheapness of
labour in that country, Humboldt says, that the rearing of the
cochineal would prove an unprofitable employment. After
being gathered, the insects are killed by boiling water, or by ex-
posing them in heaps to the sun, or by means of the vapour baths
of the Mexicans (temazcalli) ; and when dry they are fit for ex-
portation. By the latter method, the powdery substance is pre-
served, wliich increases the value of the insects in commerce.
Dr. Bancroft has estimated the annual consumption of cochineal
in Great Britain only at about 750 bags or 150,000 Ibs., worth
275.000Z. " a vast amount," as the authors of the introduction
to Entomology observe, " for so small a creature, and well cal-
culated to show us the absurdity of despising any animals, on
account of their minuteness." According to the same writers,
the only kind of cochineal that has been conveyed to the East
Indies is the sylvestre or wild cochineal from Brazil, and the Court
of Directors of the East India Company have offered a reward
of 6,OOOZ. to any person who should introduce the more valuable
sort. The insects were introduced to the royal gardens at Kew
in 1814 from Martinico, by M. Castleneau d'Auros, late super-
intendant of the botanic garden on that island. In 1820, the
fine cochineal was introduced to the Apothecaries' botanic gar-
den at Chelsea by W. Prinsep of Calcutta, from some of the
Nopaleries of Mexico.
Cochineal-bearing Indian-fig. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1688.
Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
32 O. FI'CUS-I'NDICA (Haw. syn. p. 191.) joints ovate-oblong,
obtuse at both ends ; prickles setaceous, length of the wool from
which they rise. Jj . D. S. Native of South America. Cactus
Ficus I'ndica, Lin. spec. 670. Willd. enum. suppl. 34. Joints
a foot long. Prickles all setaceous, and very short. Flowers
sulphur-coloured. Fruit large, edible, deep purple. This is
the most common kind of Indian- fig in Jamaica, and upon the
fruit of it a wild kind of cochineal feeds. The plant is to be
found in many parts of Asia, but has perhaps been transplanted
thither.
Common Indian-Jig. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1731. Shrub 2
to 3 feet.
33 O. PSEU'DO-TU'NA (Salm-Dyck, obs. bot. 1822. et in litt.
1827.) plant erect, branched, light green ; joints obovate, com-
pressed, large, thick ; fascicles of prickles distant ; prickles yel-
low, setaceous, collected into brush-like heaps : lower one of
each heap strong, and subulate. Jj . D. S. Native of South
America. Allied to 0. Ficus-Fndica, but more shining. This
species occurs often in gardens under the name of 0. Tuna.
False-Tuna. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
34 O. TOMENTOSA (Salm-Dyck, obs. bot. 1822. et in litt.
1827.) plant erect, tomentose ; joints lanceolate, compressed,
thick ; prickles setaceous, white : lower 4 or 6 in each fascicle
elongated, unarmed. Tj . D. S. Native of South America.
Cactus tomentosus, Link. enum. 2. p. 24. Spreng. syst. 2. p.
497. Hairs of joints short, adpressed, and rather villous.
Tomentose Indian-fig. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
35 O. LANCEOLA'TA (Haw. syn. 192.) plant erectish ; joints;
lanceolate ; spines uniform, very short. f? . D. S. Native ot
South America. Cactus lanceolatus, Haw. misc. p. 188. Leave-* j
larger in this species than any of its allies, generally they are!
more than 3 lines long. Flowers 4 inches in diameter, of a shin -I
ing yellow-colour. Stigmas 5, sulphur-coloured.
Lanceolate-lobed Indian-fig. Fl. July. Clt. 1796. Shruhl
2 to 3 feet.
36 O. TUBERCULA'TA (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 34. under Coc-l
tus,) joints ovate-oblong, attenuated at both ends ; tubercles spi-1
nose ; prickles setaceous, about equal in length to the wool from!
which they rise, fj . D. S. Native of tropical America. Haw .1
rev. p. 80. The rest unknown.
Warted Indian-fig. Clt. 1818. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
37 O. INE'RMIS (D. C. prod. 3. p. 473.) plant strictly erect I
joints fleshy, ovate-elliptic ; spines uniform, very short, hair 1
formed, very numerous. Tj . D. S. Native of South America •
Cactus Opuntia, D. C. pi. grass, no. 138. with a figure. CactuM
strictus, Haw. misc. 188. but not of Willd. O. stricta, Haw 1
syn. 191. Flowers yellow on both sides, spreading.
CACTEjE. VI. OPUNTIA. VII. PERESKIA.
175
Unarmed Indian-fig. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1796. Sh. 2 to 3 ft.
38 O. AMYCL^A (Tenore, fl. neap, append. 5. p. 15.) joints
orbicular or elliptic, very broad, flat, compressed ; prickles
strong, diverging, white, without any wool at their base. t? . F.
Native of the kingdom of Naples, near Amyclea, and at Monticelli
and Portella, on calcareous rocks. Joints 10 inches broad, and
15 inches long. Prickles 6-18 lines long, but sometimes want-
ing altogether. Flowers yellow. Fruit reddish yellow. Per-
haps the same as O. maxima, Salm-Dyck.
Amyclea Indian-fig. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
39 O. RUBE'SCENS (Salm-Dyck in litt. 1827. ex D. C. prod.
3. p. 474.) plant erect ; joints elongated, compressed, reddish
green, somewhat tuberculately areolate, unarmed ; leaves small,
reddish, at the base of the white tomentum. Tj. D. S. Native
of Brazil. This plant is very showy when young, being of a
reddish-colour, and the stem flat and elongated, nearly as in O.
spinoslssima, but absolutely without spines.
Reddish Indian-fig. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
40 O. CRA'SSA (Haw. suppl. p. 81.) plant erect ; joints ovate or
oblong, very thick, full of a fleshy substance ; fascicles of bris-
tles minute, unarmed, yellowish. Jj . D. S. Native of Mexico.
Thick Indian-fig. Clt. 1817. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
41 O. VULGA'RIS (Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 1. Haw. syn. 190.)
plant diffusely prostrate, rooting ; joints ovate ; prickles un-
equal, very short, and very numerous. TJ . H. Native of North
America, in the southern states ; plentiful in the neighbourhood
of New York, &c. ; and now frequent in the south of Europe.
Hook. bot. mag. 2393. Cactus Opuntia, Lin. spec. 669. Cactus
Opuntia vulgaris et nana, D. C. pi. grass, no. 138. with a table.
— Mill. fig. t. 191. Flowers yellow, spreading.
Common Indian-fig or Prickly-pear. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1596.
Shrub ^ to 1 foot, but usually prostrate and rooting.
42 O. HERNANDE'ZII (D. C. diss. t. 16.) plant erect; joints
thick, roundish-obovate, nearly unarmed ; flowers expanded ;
stamens shorter than the style and petals. fj . D. S. Native of
Mexico. Cactus cochinillifera, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon,
ined. Nopal Nochatzli, Hern. mex. 78. with a figure, and 489.
f. 1. Nopal sylvestre, Thierry-Menonv. voy. Guax. 2. p. 277.
with a figure. According to Thierry, the flowers on the same
plant vary from purplish to rose-colour, and greyish lilac. The
cochineal thrives well on this species.
Hernandez's Indian-fig. Clt. 1827. Shrub 1 foot.
SECT. V. TENUILOB/E (from tennis, thin, and lobus, a lobe ;
lobes of plant flat and thin). D. C. prod. 3. p. 474. Stems
terete, when young. Joints flat, membranous.
43 O. BRASIUE'NSIS (Willd. enum. suppl. 33. under Cactus)
stem terete : joints of branches compressed, flat, ovate ; spines
strong, solitary. Fj . D. S. Native of Brazil. Cactus para-
doxus, Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 443. — Hoffms. verz. 1826. p. 72.
Pis. bras. p. 100. f. 2. Flowers yellow.
Brazilian Indian-fig. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1816. Sh. 4 to 6 ft.
•f The following species are only known by name, not having
been described.
1 0. leucdntha, Hort. berol. 2 O. alata, Hort. berol.
3 O. myriacdntha, Hort. berol. 4 O. subinermis, Link. 5 0.
sulphurea, Gill, (under Cactus}. 6 O. sericea, Gill, (under
Cactus).
Cult. The species of Indian-fig are of very easy culture :
the soil recommended for Mammillaria will suit them ; and in
order to propagate them, the branches should be separated at
the joints, and allowed to lie a few days to dry after being so se-
parated, and when stuck into the earth they will soon strike root.
VII. PERE'SKI A (named by Plumier in honour of Nicholus
Fabr. Peiresk, senator of Aix in Provence, who collected a con-
8
siderable library and herbarium, but published nothing). Plum,
gen. p. 35. t. 26. Lin. gen. ed. 1. no. 402. Mill. diet. Haw.
syn. 197. D. C. prod. 3. p. 474.
LIN. SYST. Icosdndria, Monogy'nia. Sepals numerous, ad-
nate to the ovarium, and often remaining on the fruit, leaf-
formed. Corolla rotate, nearly as in Opuntia. Stamens nu-
merous, much shorter than the petals. Style filiform ; stigmas
collected, in a spiral manner. Berry globose or ovate. Seeds
imbedded in the pulp. — Shrubs or trees. Branches terete.
Prickles solitary at the axils of the leaves, and in fascicles on the
stem. Leaves distinct, flat, larger than those of any other
genus in the present order. Flowers somewhat panicled, soli-
tary, terminating the branches, or rather lateral. — Pereschia,
Thierry Menonv. voy. guax. 2. p. 275. is probably a species of
Opuntia.
1 P. ACULEA'TA (Mill. diet. Haw. syn. 198.) leaves elliptic ;
prickles solitary, in the axils of the leaves, but becoming at
length in fascicles on the stems ; flowers rather panicled ; fruit
globose, bearing the foliaceous sepals. Jj . D. S. Native of
the West Indies, where it is called American or Barbadoes
Gooseberry by the inhabitants, and by the Dutch Blood-apple.
Plum. gen. t. 26.— Dill. hort. elth. t. 227. f. 294. Cactus
Pereskia, Lin. spec. 671. Prickles half an inch long. Buds
rather woolly. Flowers white. Fruit yellowish, edible.
Prickly Barbadoes-gooseberry. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1696.
Shrub 5 to 7 feet.
2 P. LONGISPINA (Haw. syn. 178.) leaves elliptic; prickles
twin, an inch and a half long, very woolly, tj . D. S. Native
of South America. P. aculeata /3, longispina, D. C. prod. 3.
p. 475.
Long-spined Barbadoes-gooseberry. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
3 P. BLE'O (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 69.) leaves
oblong, acuminated ; prickles axillary, 5-6 in a fascicle ; flowers
2-4 together at the tops of the branches, each on a short pedun-
cle ; petals obovate, retuse. J? . D. S. Native of New Gra-
nada, on the banks of the river Magdalena, near Badilla, where
it is called Bleo by the inhabitants. Lindl. bot. reg. 1473.
Flowers pale red. Stamens also red, but white at the base.
Stigma 5-7-cleft.
Bleo Barbadoes-gooseberry. Fl. Oct. Jan. Clt. 1827. PI.
8 to 10 feet.
4 P. H6RRIDA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. p. 70.) leaves oblong, acute
at both ends ; spines 1-3 together, subulate, in the woolly axils
of the leaves ; flowers 2-5 together, axillary, pedunculate, rising
above the spines. P? . D. S. Native of South America, in the
province of Jaen de Bracamoros, on the banks of the Amazon.
Flowers small, red. Stigma 3-4-cleft.
Horrid Barbadoes-gooseberry. Shrub or tree.
5 P. PORTULAC^EFOLIA (Haw. syn. 199. in a note) leaves obo-
vate-cuneated ; prickles solitary, under the leaves, but at length
coming in fascicles on the stem ; flowers solitary ; petals emar-
ginate ; fruit globose, retuse, naked. Tj . D. S. Native of the
West Indies. — Plum. ed. Burm. 197. f. 1. Cactus portulaci-
folius, Lin. spec. 671. Lun. hort. jam. 2. p. 256. About the
size of an apple-tree. Prickles blackish. Flowers terminal,
purple ; petals roundish. Fruit umbilicate, greenish, with white
flesh, and numerous black seeds.
Purslane-leaved Barbadoes-gooseberry. Clt. 1820. Tree
20 to 30 feet.
6 P. ZINNUEFLORA (D. C. diss. t. 1 7.) leaves ovate, acute,
undulated ; prickles axillary, twin : but at length somewhat fas-
ciculate on the stem, about the cicatrices occasioned by the
falling of the leaves ; flowers solitary, terminal ; petals obcor-
date ; ovarium bearing the sepals. Tj . D. S. Native of
Mexico. Cactus zinniaefl6rus, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon,
ined. Flowers of a deep reddish-violet colour, greenish on the
176
CACTE^E. VII. PERESKIA. VIII. RHIPSALIS.
outside, about an inch in diameter. Very like the preceding
species.
Zinnia-flowered Barbadoes-gooseberry. Tree 10 feet.
7 P. LYCHNIDIFLORA (D. C. diss. t. 18.) leaves ovate, acute ;
prickles solitary in the axils of the leaves, but perhaps in fas-
cicles on the stems ; flowers solitary, terminal ; petals cu-
neated, fringed at the apex ; ovarium bearing the sepals. Pj .
D. S. Native of Mexico. Cactus fimbriatus, Moc. et Sesse,
fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers of a coppery peach colour, about
2 inches in diameter, similar to those of Lychnis coronatus.
Lychnis -flowered Barbadoes-gooseberry. Shrub.
8 P. oruNTUEFLORA (D. C. diss. t. 1 9.) leaves obovate, mu-
cronate, usually 2 together ; prickles axillary, solitary, very
long, but perhaps disposed in fascicles on the stem ? flowers
usually terminal, or nearly so, solitary ; petals ovate, acutish ;
ovarium bearing fascicles of hairs. Tj . D. S. Native of Mexico.
Cactus opuntiseflorus, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers
of a dirty scarlet colour, an inch in diameter ; petals disposed in
2 series.
Indian-Jig-Jlomered Barbadoes-gooseberry. Shrub.
9 P. ROTUNDIFOLIA (D. C. diss. t. 20.) leaves roundish, mu-
cronate ; prickles axillary, solitary, but perhaps disposed in
fascicles on the stem ; flowers solitary, lateral ? petals broad,
roundish, mucronate ; ovarium bearing the sepals ; fruit obovate,
full of cicatrices, fj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Cactus ro-
Uindifolius, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers yellow,
variegated a little with scarlet, 1 5 lines in diameter. Berry red,
obovate.
Round-leaved Barbadoes-gooseberry. Shrub.
10 P. GRANDIFOLIA (Haw. suppl. p. 85.) leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, smooth above, beset with rough dots beneath ; stem very
spiny. fy . D. S. Native of Brazil. Cactus grandif olius,
Link. enum. 2. p. 25. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 498. Larger spines
blackish, 2 inches long.
Great-leaved Barbadoes-gooseberry. Clt. 1818. Sh. 6 feet.
Cult. The species of this genus are very different in habit
from the rest of the genera of the present order, from the
branches being woody and furnished with proper leaves ; but
the flowers resemble the other genera of the order. They are
of easy culture, growing freely in any light earth ; and cuttings
of them are readily rooted in mould or sand, under a hand-
glass, in heat. A large plant of any of the species has a very
grotesque and ornamental appearance, when several species of
Cereus and Epiphyllum has been grafted or inserted on it.
Tribe II.
RHIPSALI'DEjE (this tribe only contains the genus RJnp-
salis). D. C. prod. 3. p. 475. Ovula, and therefore the seeds
are fixed to the central axis of the berry.
VIII. RHI'PSALIS (prji, rhips, a willow-branch; in refer-
ence to the flexible branches). Gaertn. fr. 1. p. 136. t. 28.
Haw. syn. 18G. D. C. prod. 3. p. 475 — Hariota, Adans. fam.
2. p. 243. — Rhipsalides. Willd. enum. suppl. p 33. — Cact. pa-
rasitici, D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 83.
LIN. SYST. Icosdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx adhering
to the ovarium, smooth; limb superior, 3-6-parted, short; teeth
acuminated, membranous. Petals 6, oblong, spreading, inserted
in the calyx. Stamens 12-18, fixed to the base of the petals.
Style filiform, crowned by 3-6 stigmas. Berry pellucid, roundish,
crowned by the marcescent calyx. Seeds imbedded in the pulp,
without albumen ; radicle of the embryo thick ; cotyledons 2,
short, obtuse. — Small shrubs, growing upon trees in the West
Indies, usually pendulous, branched, leafless, and terete, naked
or bearing rather falcate small bristles ; fascicles of bristles,
when present, disposed in a quincuncial spiral order. Flowers
lateral, sessile, small, white. Berries pellucid and white, nearly
like that of Viscum or Missletoe.
1 R. CASSY'THA (Gsertn. 1. c. Haw. 1. c.) plant pendulous ;
branches verticillate, naked, glabrous ; calyx 6-parted ; petals
5-6. \i . D. S. Native of Jamaica, St. Domingo, Trinidad,
&c. hanging on the branches of the tallest trees. Christy, in bot.
mag. 3080. Cassytha baccifera, Mill. fig. Cassytha filifi'rmis,
Mill. diet. ed. 8. Cactus pendulus, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 876.
Flowers white. Berry white, about the size of those of a red
currant, 12-seeded.
Var. ft, Mauril/ana (D. C. prod. 3. p. 476.) plant creeping ?
branches crowded, jointed. Tj . D. S. Native of the Mauri-
tius, on the rock called Lapouce. Cactus pendulinus, Sieb. fl.
maur. 2. no. 259. Perhaps this plant has been introduced to
the Mauritius from the Brazils, as all the other species of this
genus are natives of America. Flowers whitish. Berries white.
Cassytha Rhipsalis. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1758. Shrub 1 foot.
2 R. HOOKERIA^NA ; plant pendulous ; branches verticillate,
naked, glabrous ; calyx 4-parted ; petals 4. Tj . D. S. Native
of the West Indies and Mexico. R. Cassytha, Hook, exot. fl.
t. 21. R. Cassy^tha /3, Hookeriana, D. C. prod. 3. p. 476.
Flowers white. Berries white, about the size of those of a red
currant, 12-20-seeded.
Hooker's Rhipsalis. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? Shrub 1 foot.
3 R. CASSYTHOIDES ; plant pendulous ; branches verticillate,
naked, glabrous ; calyx 3-lobed : lobes broad at the base, and acu-
minated at the apex; petals 6. (7 , D. S. Native of Mexico.
Flowers white. Berries white, about the size of red currants.
Cactus cassythoides, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. R.
Cassytha y, Mociniana, D. C. prod. 3. p. 476. diss. t.21.
Cassytha-like Rhipsalis. Shrub 1 foot.
4 R. DICHOTOMA ; plant pendulous ; branches dichotomous ;
calyx 3-lobed ; petals 6, disposed in 2 series, fj . D. S. Native
of New Andalusia and New Granada, growing on trees. Cac-
tus pendulus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 65. R.
Cassytha S, dichotoma, D. C. prod. 3. p. 476. Flowers white.
Berries white, about the size of gooseberries, 30-40 seeded.
Dichotomous Rhipsalis. Shrub 1 foot.
5 R. GRANDIFLORUS (Haw. suppl. pi. succ. p. 83. rev. p. 72.)
plant sparingly branched; branches nearly erect, somewhat cala-
miform, naked : spines very minute, solitary, pale, closely ad-
piessed, at nearly regular distances ; flowers numerous, hardly
an inch in diameter. I? . D. S. Native of Brazil. Hook. bot.
mag. t. 2740. R. funalis, D. C. prod. 3. p. 476. Cactus fu-
nalis, Salm-Dyck. in hort. dyck. 1822. Petals and calycine
lobes 8, pale yellow inside. Filaments numerous, white ; anthers
yellow. Stigmas 4, rotate.
Great-flowered Rhipsalis. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1816. Sh. 1 ft.
6 R. FASCICULA'TA (Haw. suppl. p. 83.) pendulous ; branches
terete, in fascicles ; fascicles of hairs disposed in a spiral quin-
cuncial order along the younger branches. Pj . D. S. Native
of the West India Islands. Christy, in bot. mag. 3079. R.
parasitica, Haw. syn. p. 187. Cactus parasiticus, Lam. diet. 1.
p. 541. D. C. pi. grass, t. 59. Cactus fasciculatus, Willd.
enum. suppl. p. 33. Flowers greenish-white, few, and confined
to the main branches. Berry similar to R . Cassytha.
Fasciculate Rhipsalis. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. Sh. 1 ft.
7 R. SALICORNIOIDES (Haw. suppl. p. 83.) plant erect,
branched, proliferous at the joints ; joints short, obclavate, te-
rete, and angular, with fascicles of very minute hairs, floriferous
at the apex ; flowers solitary. Tj . D. S. Native of South
America. Otto, et Link. abbl. t. 49. Petals 7-10, acute, yellow,
longer than the stamens and style.
Salicornia-like Rhipsalis. Fl. June. Clt. 1817. Sh. 1 foot.
8 R. MESEMBRYANTHOIDES (Haw. rev. p. 71.) plant glomer-
ately branched ; branches erect, terete, straight, bearing joints ;
CACTEiE. VIII. RHIPSALIS. GROSSULARIE^E. I. RIBES.
177
joints lateral, crowded, terete, attenuated at both ends, clouded,
bearing the flowers in the middle ; fascicles of capillaceous bristles
white or pale, but when old and faded black ; flowers solitary.
fj.D. S. Native of South America. Christy, in bot. mag. 3878.
C. salicornioides /3, Haw. suppl. p. 83. Joints at the sides of
the branches numerous, crowded, and nearly erect. Flowers
solitary, rising from the middle, not from the tops of the joints,
white. Fruit a white berry, smaller than those of R. Cassfltha.
Fig-marigold-like Rhipsalis. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. Sh. $ ft.
9 R. PARASITICA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 476.) plant pendulous,
branched, glabrous ; branches striated, or undulately repand.
jj . D. S. Native of the West India Islands. — Plum. ed. Burm. t.
197. f. 2. Flowers like those of R. dichotoma. This species is
hardly known, but distinct from the others in the stem being
repand in an undulating manner.
Parasitic Rhipsalis. Shrub 1 foot.
10 R.? MICRA'KTHA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p.
65. under Cactus) plant glabrous, pendulous, branched ; branches
with 3-4 angles, or compressedly 2-edged ; flowers rising from
the angles. ^ . D. S. Native of Quito, in groves, near Olleros.
Flowers white, minute.
Small-flowered Rhipsalis. Shrub £ foot.
Cult. This is a genus of singular plants, but without much
beauty. Being parasites, on trees, they grow best in vegetable
mould, mixed \vith a little brick rubbish ; and they are easily
increased by cuttings.
ORDER CXVIII. GROSSULARIE^E (this order only con-
tains the genus Ribes, or gooseberry tribe). D. C. fl. fr. (1804)
4. p. 406. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 58. Berlandier,
mem. soc. phys. gen. 3. pt. 2. p. 43. t. 1-3. D. C. prod. 3. p.
477._Ribesiae, Ach. Rich. bot. med. (1823) 2. p. 487. — Genera
ofCacteas, Juss. — Genus of Saxifrageae, Vent. — Genus of Por-
tulacese, Adans.
Calyx superior (f. 32. d. f. 33. 6.) ; limb 4-5-parted (f. 33.6.
f. 32. «.), regular, coloured. Petals 5, inserted in the throat of
the calyx (f. 33. c.), and alternating with its segments, equal.
Stamens 4-5 (f. 33. c.), very rarely 6, very short, inserted alter-
nately with the petals, equal ; filaments conical or cylindrical,
distinct : anthers 2-celled, opening lengthwise on the inside ; but
in the varieties of R. rubrum they burst laterally and trans-
versely. Ovarium 1 -celled, with 2 opposite parietal placentas;
ovula numerous. Style one, 2 (f. 32. c. f. 33. e.~) -3 or 4-cleft.
Fruit succulent (f. 32. e.), nearly globose, umbilicate at the apex
from the permanent calyx (f. 32. d.), 1-celled, many-seeded.
Seeds arillate, suspended by a long filiform podosperm ; outer
integument gelatinous or juicy, and membranous : under one a
very thin membrane, adhering closely to the albumen ; bluntish
at the extremity opposite the hylum. Albumen horny, conform-
ing to the seed, white- Embryo minute, placed at the sharpest
end of the seed, excentral, with a blunt radicle, which is placed
next the hilum — Unarmed or spiny shrubs. Leaves alternate,
lobed or cut, plaited while in the bud. There is one bractea at
the base of each pedicel, which is cut more or less, and two
much smaller ones called bracteoles under each ovarium. Flowers
greenish, white, yellow or red, very rarely unisexual.
This order was formerly confounded with Cdctece : notwith-
standing the dissimilarity of their appearance they are most
closely related ; the principal differences between the two orders
VOL. III.
are, that in Cdctece the stamens are indefinite, the seeds without
albumen, and the calyx and corolla undistinguishable ; while in
Grossulariece the stamens are definite, the seeds albuminous, and
the calyx and corolla distinct. There are spines in both orders,
and some of the Cdctece have distinct leaves.
The properties of the gooseberry and currant are those of the
generality of the order, except that in other species a mawkish
or extremely acid taste is substituted for the refreshing and
agreeable flavour of the former. Some are emetic. The black
currant, which is tonic and stimulant, has fragrant glands upon
its leaves and flowers ; these reservoirs are also found upon some
other species. Malic acid exists in currants and gooseberries.
Turner, 634.
I. RTBES (the name of an acid plant mentioned by the Ara-
bian physicians, which has been discovered to be the Rheum
Ribes}. Lin. gen. 281. Berlandier, mem. soc. phys. gen. 3. pt.
2. p. 43. t. 1-3. and D. C. prod. 3. p. 477. — Grossularia,
Tourn. Gsertn.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogijnia. Character the same as
the order.
SECT. I. GROSSULA'RIA (a dim. of grossus, thick ; meaning a
gooseberry bush ; the species contained in this section all bear
gooseberries). Ach. Rich. 1. c. Berlandier, 1. c. t. 1. Stems
usually prickly (f. 32.). Peduncles 1-2-3 -flowered. Calyx more
or less campanulate (f. 32. a.). Leaves plicate.
* Flowers greenish.
1 R. OXYACANTHOI'DES (Lin. spec. 291.) plant prickly and
bristly, nakedish ; spines 1 or 3, joined at the base ; leaves cor-
date, 5-lobed, serrated, often pubescent beneath, and on the
petioles ; peduncles very short, usually 2-flowered ; tube of calyx
glabrous, hairy inside, with a spreading limb, which is longer
than the obovate petals ; germs and pedicels naked, y. . H.
Native of North America throughout Canada, and as far as the
Saskatchawan, and of Newfoundland. Berlandier, I.e. t. 1. f.
1. The shrub varies much in the aculei and spines, in their
number and colour, and in the more or less dense ramification,
and pubescence. Mr. Drummond says, the fruit of this species
is much like the common gooseberry, and is equally agreeable,
either of a red or green colour.
Hawthorn-like Gooseberry. Fl. May, June. Sh. 3 to 4 ft.
2 R. SETOSUM (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1237. Hook. fl. bor. amer.
1. p. 230.) branches beset with dense bristles ; prickles unequal,
subulate ; leaves roundish, cordate at the base, pubescent, 3-5-
lobed, deeply crenated ; peduncles 2-flowered, rather bracteate;
calyx tubularly campanulate, with the segments linear, obtuse,
and spreading, twice the length of the petals, which are entire ;
berries hispid. Tj . H. Native of North America, on the banks
of the Saskatchawan.
Bristly Gooseberry. Fl. May, April. Clt. 1810. Shrub 4
to 5 feet.
3 R. TRIFLORUM (Willd. hort. berol. t. 61.) prickles wanting;
spines usually solitary ; leaves cordate, 5-lobed, serrated, gla-
brous ; peduncles elongated, 2-3-flowered ; tube of calyx nar-
row, cylindrical, glabrous, with a spreading limb, which after-
wards becomes reflexed; stamens exserted; ovarium naked.
J? . H. Native of North America, in mountainous situations to
the west of the Rocky Mountains ; and of Pennsylvania. Ber-
landier, 1. c. t. 1. f. 4. R. stamineum, Horn. hort. hafn. p. 237.
Berry reddish, glabrous. The species seems to be easily dis-
tinguished from/?. Cynosbati by the constantly smooth fruit, very
narrow flowers, and exserted stamens.
Aa
178
GROSSULARIE^:. I. RISES.
Three-flowered Gooseberry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812. Sh.
3 to 4 feet.
4 R. CYNO'SBATI (Lin. spec. 29.2.) stem unarmed, rarely
prickly ; spines usually twin ; leaves cordate, 5-lobed, serrated,
more or less pubescent underneath, and on the petioles ; pedun-
cles elongated, 2-3-flowered ; pedicels divaricate ; tube of calyx
ovate-cylindrical ; limb spreading, with the segments exceeding
the petals, which are obovate ; stamens hardly exserted ; ovarium
bristly. fj . H. Native of Canada (Michx.), Japan (Thunb.),
Berlandier, I.e. t. 1. f. 3. Jacq. vind. 2. t. 123. Berries bristly
or prickly. It hardly differs from R. divaricatum, except in the
broader tube of the corolla, and the shorter stamens.
Far, fl ; fruit unarmed. T? . H. Native of Hudson's Bay.
R. oxyacanthoides, Richards in Frankl. first journ. ed. 2.
append, p. 7.
Var. y ; branches prickly ; peduncles shorter ; flowers pu-
bescent, purplish ; fruit prickly. Tj . H. Native about Lake
Huron.
Dog-bramble Gooseberry. Fl. Apr. Clt. 1759. Sh. 3 to 4 ft.
5 R. DIVARICA'TUM (Dougl. in bot. reg. 1359.) branches diva-
ricate, bristly, at length naked; spines 1-3 together, axillary,
deflexed, large ; leaves roundish, 3-lobed, deeply toothed,
nerved, glabrous ; peduncles 3-flowered, drooping ; calyx fun-
nel-shaped : with the segments at length spreading, and twice the
length of the tube ; style and stamens exserted ; berries gla-
brous. Fj . H. Native on the north-west coast of America, a
common bush on the banks of streams near Indian villages.
This species comes nearest to R. triflorum. Berries black, smooth,
and spherical, pleasant to the taste. Petals white.
Divaricate Gooseberry. Fl. April. Clt. 1826. Sh. 5 to 7 ft.
6 R. IRRI'GUUM (Doug, in hort. trans. 7. p. 516. Hook. fl.
bor. amer. 1. p. 231.) prickles axillary, tern; leaves cordate,
somewhat 5-lobed, toothed, ciliated, pilose on both surfaces,
nerved ; peduncles 3-flowered, beset with glandular pili ; calyx
campanulate : segments linear, about equal in length to the
tube ; berries glabrous. ^ . H. Native of the north-west
coast of America, on moist mountain rocks near springs and
streams, on the Blue Mountains, and on the banks of the Spo-
kan river. Berries spherical, half an inch in diameter, smooth,
juicy, and well flavoured. Apparently closely allied to R. tri-
fiorum.
Well-watered Gooseberry. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
7 R. SAXOSUM (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 231.) stem unarmed,
rarely prickly ; spines wanting, solitary or twin ; leaves cordate,
5-lobed, serrated, smoothish ; peduncles very short, deflexed,
1-2-flowered; calyx glabrous, with a campanulate tube : seg-
ments spreading, but at length reflexed, twice the length of the
corolla, and about equal in length to the stamens ; ovarium
naked. T; . H. Native of the north-west coast of America,
common on the undulating grounds of the interior among stones ;
and about Lake Huron, and on the banks of the Saskatchawan ;
nlso near Boston. R. saxatile, Dougl. mss. R. triflorum,
Bigel. fl. bost. ed. 2. p. 90. Fruit resembling a common goose-
berry.
Stone Gooseberry. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
8 R. HIRTE'LUJM (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 479.) spinules
nearly axillary ; branches beset with a few short bristly hairs ;
leaves small, semi-trifid ; lobes few-toothed ; peduncles 1 -flow-
ered ; berry glabrous, red. Jj . H. Native of North America,
in Canada, in stony places by the river Signey ; and on the
mountains of Virginia.
Hairy Gooseberry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812. Shrub 3
to 4 feet.
9 R. LACU'STRE (Poir. encycl. suppl. 2. p. 856. Pursh. fl.
amer. sept. 1. p. 161.) stem very prickly ; spines many-parted,
slender ; leaves cordate, deeply 3-5-lobed, cut ; racemes 5-8-
8
flowered, loose ; calyx rotate ; germs and pedicels hispid, and
glandular. fj . H. Native throughout Canada to Fort Frank-
lin and Bear Lake, near the Arctic circle ; mouth of the Colum-
bia ; mountains of the Columbia, and of North California ; also
of Virginia, &c. R. oxyacanthoides, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1.
p. 111. R. echinatum, Dougl. mss. This has the flowers of
the currant, and the prickly stems of the gooseberry. The fruit
is about the size of black currants, in pendulous racemes, pur-
plish black, shining, clothed with hairs, unpleasant to the taste.
Lake Gooseberry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812. Sh. 4 to 5 ft.
10 R. ROTUNDIFOLIUM (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 110.)
spines nearly axillary, solitary ; leaves nearly orbicular, clothed
with very minute down, a little lobed ; lobes roundish, obtuse ;
peduncles 1 -flowered ; limb of calyx tubular. Pj • H. Native^
on the high mountains of Carolina. Berries glabrous.
Round-leaved Gooseberry. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
11 R. GRA'CILE (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 111.) spines
nearly axillary, very short, solitary ; leaves on slender petioles,
lobed ; lobes acute, cut ; peduncles capillary, erect, usually 2-
flowered ; calyx glabrous, tubularly campanulate. fj . H. Na-
tive of North America, on the mountains of Tennessee ; and in
mountain meadows from New York to Virginia. Berry glabrous,
purple or blue, with a very pleasant taste. Leaves pubescent.
Slender Gooseberry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812. Shrub 3
to 4 feet.
12 R. CAUCA'SICUM (Adams, in reliq. Willd. ex Rcem. et
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 507.) prickles stipular, tern; peduncles 1-
flowered, erect ; leaves 5-lobed, deeply toothed, tj . H. Na-
tive of Caucasus. Perhaps only a variety of R. U^va-crispa.
Caucasian Gooseberry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819. Shrub
4 to 5 feet.
13 R. MICROPHY'LLUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6.
p. 62.) prickles usually solitary ; leaves nearly reniform, small ;
peduncles very short, 2-flowered ; calyx campanulate : segments
oblong, obtuse ; petals spatulately obovate, retuse at the apex.
fj . H. Native of Mexico, in mountainous places near El
Guarda, between Guchila and the city of Mexico, at the eleva-
tion of 4200 feet. Ovarium rather turbinate. Flowers red.
Small-leaved Gooseberry. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
14 R. CUNEIFOLIUM (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 233. f. c.) un-
armed ; leaves cuneiform, cut, trifid ; petioles not half the
length of the leaves ; peduncles solitary, axillary, 2-3-flowered,
length of the petioles ; bracteas 2, at the base of each flower.
Ij . G. Native of Peru, on the Andes. Berry pale red. Habit
of R . Uyoa-crispa. Perhaps belonging to a separate section.
Wedge-leaved Gooseberry. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
15 R. CUCULLA'TUM (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 250.)
unarmed ; branches glabrous ; leaves glabrous, somewhat fi-
lched, roundish-reniform, cucullate at the base, and cuneated ;
the lobes lying over each other, acutely and deeply lobed ; pe-
tioles a little shorter than the leaves ; racemes hardly puberu-
lous, axillary, short, few- flowered ; flowers nearly sessile, hardly
exceeding the bracteas, which are roundish. ^ . G. Native of
the Cordillera of Chili. Nearly allied to R. cuneifblium, but ap-
parently quite distinct.
Hooded-\eaved Gooseberry. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
16 R. ACICULA'RE (Smith in Rees" cycl.) very prickly ; prickles
stipular, 3- 5-parted ; leaves rather pubescent, nearly orbicular,
3-5-lobed; lobes bluntish, deeply serrated; peduncles usually
1 -flowered, bracteolate in the middle; calyx campanulate,
smoothish ; berries bractless, and are, as well as the styles, quite
glabrous. f? . H. Native of Siberia, in stony rocky mountain-
ous places. Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 230. R. U'va-crispa,
Sievers in Pall. nord. beytr. 7. p. 274. Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 37. ?
Stem erect or procumbent. Petals white. Berries glabrous,
yellowish or purplish, sweet, with a grateful taste.
GROSSULARIE^:. I. RISES.
179
/^czeu/ar-spined Gooseberry. Shrub.
17 R. GROSSUIA'RIA (Lin. spec. p. 291.) prickles 2 or 3 under
each bud ; branches otherwise smooth, and spreading or erect ;
pedicels 1-2-flowered ; leaves 3-5-lobed, rather villous ; brae-
teas close together ; calyx campanulate, with reflexed segments,
which are shorter than the tube ; petals rounded at the apex,
glabrous, but bearded in the throat ; style always beset with
long down. ?j . H. Native of Europe and Nipaul, in woods
and hedges ; plentiful in some parts of Britain, in hedges,
thickets, and waste ground, as the woods and hedges about
Darlington ; apparently wild in Hamilton wood, Scotland.
Smith, eng. hot. 1292. R. UVa-crispa, Oed. fl. dan. t. 546.
Grossularia hirsuta, Mill. diet. no. 2. R. UVa-crispa var. £
sativum, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 408. Flench, icon. 148. The Nipaul
plant has the stem thickly beset with bristles, and the spines
strong and 3-parted. It is therefore probably a proper species.
Var. j3, U*va-crispa (Smith, engl. fl. 1. p. 333.) plant beset
with spines all over ; leaves small, rather villous ; berries smaller,
glabrous. Tj . H. R. UVa-crispa, Lin. spec. 292. Smith, eng.
bot. 2057. UVa-crispa, Fuch's hist. t. 187. — UVa spina, Math,
valgr. 1. t. 151. f. 1.— Black w. herb. 277.— Plench. icon. t. 149.
— Duham. arbr. 1. t. 109. Berlandier, 1. c. t. 1. f. 6. R. UVa-
crispa var. a sylvestre, Berland. 1. c. mss.
Var, y, spinosissimum (Berl. mss.) plant spiny all over ; prickles
scattered, reflexed. Native of Europe in stony places-
Far. S, reclinatum (Berl. mss.) branches rather prickly, recli-
nate. R. reclinatum, Lin. spec. 291. Grossularia reclinata,
Mill. diet. no. 1.
Var. t, Besseriana (Berl. mss.) branches prickly ; fruit pubes-
cent, intermixed with glandular bristles. Native of Cracovia,
in hedges. R. hybridum, Besser. prim. fl. galic. austr. p. 186.
Var. f, subenerme (Berl. mss.) plant nearly glabrous ; bark
smooth, brown ; prickles axillary ; flowers and leaves small.
Native about Geneva. Perhaps a variety of /f. reclinalum.
Var. r\, macrocdrpmn (D. C. prod. 3. p. 478.) stigmas often
longer than the petals ; flowers and berries large.
Var. 8, bracteatum (Berl. mss.) berries clothed with 2-4-5
straight coloured, nearly opposite, bracteas and bristles, emulat-
ing sepals, which fall off before the berry arrives at maturity.
The gooseberry is called Groseille a maquereau, in French ;
Uva-spino in Italian ; Stachelbeerstrauch, in German ; in Scot-
land it is called Groseir ; in Piedmont, where the gooseberry is
found wild, and where the Italian botanists state the berries to
be eatable, but astringent and neglected, it is called Griselle.
Some derive our name gooseberry from gorzeberry, from the re-
semblance of the bush to gorze ; others, as Professor Martyn,
from its being used as sauce with young or green geese. Gerarde
says it is called feaberry (feverberry) in Cheshire ; and it has
the same name in Lancashire and Yorkshire. In Norfolk this
term is shortened to feabes, or, as they pronounce it fapes.
Carberry is another British name for this fruit.
The gooseberry is a low, branching, prickly shrub, bearing
pendulous, hairy, or smooth berries, of various colours ; it is a
native of several parts of Europe, and abounds in the Vallais,
in copsewoods, where it produces a small, green, hairy, high-
flavoured fruit. In England it is naturalized in various places,
as on old walls, ruins, and in the woods and hedges about Dar-
lington. It is cultivated in greater perfection in Lancashire than
in any other part of Britain ; and next to Lancashire the cli-
mate and treatment of the Lothians seem to suit this fruit. In
Spain and Italy the fruit is scarcely known. In France it is
neglected and little esteemed. In some parts of Germany and
Holland the moderate temperature and humidity of the climate
seem to suit the fruit ; but in no country is its size and beauty
to be compared with that produced in Lancashire, or from the
Lancashire varieties, cultivated with care, in the more temperate
and humid districts of Britain. Neill observes, that when
foreigners witness our Lancashire gooseberries, they are ready
to consider them as forming quite a different kind of fruit.
Happily this wholesome and useful fruit is to be found in almost
every cottage-garden in Britain ; and it ought to be considered
apart of every gardener's duty to encourage the introduction of
its most useful varieties in their humble enclosures. In Lan-
cashire, and some parts of the adjoining counties, almost every
cottager, who has a garden, cultivates the gooseberry, with a
view to prizes, given at what are called Gooseberry-prize Meet-
ings, of which there is annually published an account, with the
names and weight of the successful sorts, in what is called the
Manchester Gooseberry Book. The prizes vary from 1 1. to 51.
or 10/. The second, third, to the sixth and tenth degree of
merit, receiving often proportionate prizes. There are meetings
held in spring, to " make up," as the term is, the sorts, the
persons, and the conditions of exhibition ; and in August to weigh
and taste the fruit, and determine the prizes.
Use. — The fruit was formerly in little esteem ; but it has
received so much improvement, that it is now considered very
valuable for tarts, pies, sauces, and creams, before being ripe,
and when at maturity, it forms a rich dessert fruit for three
months ; and is preserved in sugar for the same purpose, arid
in water for the kitchen. Unripe gooseberries can be preserved
in bottles of water against winter ; the bottles are filled with
berries, close corked, and well sealed ; they are then placed in
a cool cellar till wanted. By plunging the bottles, after being
corked, into boiling water, for a few minutes (heating them gra-
dually to prevent cracking), the berries are said to keep better."
—Neill.
Varieties. — The gooseberry is mentioned by Turner, in 1573.
Parkinson enumerates 8 varieties ; the small, great, and long
common, 3 reds, 1 blue, and 1 green. Ray mentions only the
pearl gooseberry, but Rea has the blue, several sorts of yellow,
the white Holland, and the green. Miller only says, there are
several varieties obtained from seed, most of them named from
the persons who raised them ; but as there are frequently new
ones obtained, it is needless to enumerate them. The present list
of the London nurserymen contains from 80 to 100 names, but
those of some of the Lancashire growers above 300. Forsyth,
in 1800, mentions 10 sorts as common; and adds a list of
43 new sorts, grown at Manchester. The following may be
considered established varieties, and such as merit cultivation.
List of gooseberries. — Those marked with a star may be con-
sidered the best ; the rest only second rate.
I. Fruit green.
§ 1 . Branches spreading or pendulous.
* Berries smooth, green.
1 Barclay's green champagne. Fruit roundish, middle-sized.
2 Perring's evergreen. Fruit large, oblong.
3 Fame. Fruit large, obovate. Branches pendulous.
4 Bates' s favourite. Fruit oblong, middle-sized. Branches
pendulous.
5 Glory of Kingston. Fruit roundish, middle-sized.
6 Allen's glory of Ratcliff. Fruit oblong, middle-sized.*
7 fforsefield's green gage. Fruit large, roundish.
8 Green globe. Fruit round, middle-sized.
9 Nixon's green myrtle. Fruit large, oblong. Branches
pendulous.
10 Berry's greenwood. Fruit large, oblong. Branches pen-
dulous.
1 1 Massey's heart of oak. Fruit large, oblong. Bran ches
pendulous.*
Aa 2
180
GROSSULARIE^E. I. RIBES.
12 Grundy's high sheriff of Lancashire. Fruit obovate,
middle-sized. Branches pendulous.
13 Edward's jolly tar. Fruit large, obovate. Branches
pendulous.*
14 Minerva. Fruit large, oblong.
15 Taylor's no-bribery. Fruit large, obovate. Branches
pendulous.
1 6 Northern hero. Fruit large, obovate.
17 Reformer. Fruit large, oblong.
18 Sabine's green. Fruit small, round.
19 Large smooth green. Fruit large, obovate.*
20 Green Walnut, Belmont's, smooth green, nonpareil. Fruit
middle-sized, obovate.*
* Berries green, hairy, or downy,
21 Colonel Onsen's. Fruit large, oblong, hairy.
22 Holt's beauty. Fruit large, oblong, downy.
23 Early green hairy, early green, green Gascoigne. Fruit
small, round.*
24 Lovart's Elija. Fruit large, roundish, hairy.
25 Glenton green, York seedling Fruit middle-sized, oblong,
hairy. Branches pendulous.*
26 Green globe. Fruit small, round, hairy.
27 Green seedling. Fruit small, oblong, hairy. Branches
pendulous.*
28 Hodkinson'sjoke. Fruit large, roundish, downy. Branches
pendulous.
29 Lovely Anne. Fruft large, oval, downy. Branches pen-
dulous.
30 Gregory's perfection. Fruit large, roundish, downy, late.
Branches pendulous.*
3 1 Prophet's profit. Fruit large, oblong, downy.
32 Early royal George. Fruit middle-sized, oblong, hairy,
early.
33 Ryder's triumph. Fruit small, obovate, hairy.
34 Moore's troubler. Fruit large, roundish-oblong, hairy.
35 Unicorn. Fruit large, oval, downy.
§ 2. Branches erect.
* Fruit green, smooth.
36 Pitmaston green-gage. Fruit small, obovate.*
37 Brigg's independent. Fruit large, obovate.
38 Merry lass. Fruit middle-sized, obovate.
39 Midsummer. Fruit small, roundish.
40 Royal George. Fruit middle-sized, oval.
* * Fruit green, hairy, or downy.
41 Monck's Charles Fox. Fruit small, ovate, hairy.
42 Green oak. Fruit large, roundish, hairy.
43 Greensmith. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, hairy.
44 Hebburn's prolific. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, hairy.*
45 Colliers's jolly angler, Lay's jolly angler, Collins' s jolly
angler. Fruit large, oblong, downy.*
46 Mills' s Langley green. Fruit large, roundish, hairy.
47 Late green. Fruit small, obovate, downy.
48 Parkinson's laurel, green laurel, green willow. Fruit large,
obovate, pale green, nearly white.*
49 Hopley's Lord Crew. Fruit large, oblong, hairy.*
50 Mignonette. Fruit small, roundish, hairy.
51 Lovart's Moses. Fruit large, obovate, hairy.
52 Green Rumbullion. Fruit small, round, hairy.
53 Small green. Fruit small, globular, downy.
54 Small hairy green. Fruit small, round, hairy.
55 Bratherston's Wistaston hero. Fruit large, oblong.
II. Fruit yellow.
§ 1. Branches spreading or pendulous.
* Fruit yellow, smooth.
1 Amber, amber yellow, smooth amber. Fruit small, roundish.
2 Diggles's Bonny Roger. Fruit large, obovate.
3 Capper's Bunker's Hill. Fruit large, roundish.
4 Hopley's Cheshire cheese. Fruit large, oblong.
5 Forbes's golden chain. Fruit large, oblong. Branches
pendulous.
6 Bamford's golden Purse. Fruit large, obovate. Branches
pendulous.
7 Beaumont's smiling beauty. Fruit large, oblong. Branches
pendulous.*
8 Beardsell's smuggler. Fruit large, roundish, oblong.
Branches pendulous.
9 Dixon's golden yellow. Fruit middle-sized, turbinate.
Branches pendulous.*
10 Mather's victory. Fruit large, obovate. Branches pen-
dulous.
11 Forester's Lord Combermere. Fruit large, obovate.
12 Saunder's Napoleon. Fruit large, obovate.
13 Costerdine's Champion Goliath. Fruit large, oblong,
smooth, golden yellow. Branches pendulous.
14 Large yellow. Fruit obovate, middle-sized, golden yellow,
smooth. Branches pendulous.
15 Gorton's viper. Fruit large, obovate, golden yellow,
smooth. Branches pendulous.
16 Long yellow. Fruit large, oblong, golden yellow.
* * Fruit yellow, hairy, or downy.
17 Capper's bottom sawyer. Fruit large, obovate, downy.
18 Lister's Britannia. Fruit large, obovate, downy.
19 Hopley's globe. Fruit large, round, hairy. Branches
pendulous.
20 Glory of England, Fruit large, obovate, downy. Branches
pendulous.
21 Golden bees. Fruit small, oblong. Branches pendulous.
22 Jackson's golden orange. Fruit large, oblong, Branches
pendulous.
23 Bratherston's golden sovereign. Fruit large, roundish,
hairy.
24 Hill's golden gourd. Fruit large, oblong, hairy. Branches
pendulous.
25 Hilton's Kilton, Kilton hero. Fruit large, oblong, golden
yellow, hairy. Branches pendulous.
26 Blomerley's John Bull. Fruit large, obovate, downy.
Branches pendulous.
27 Ranger. Fruit small, roundish, hairy. Branches pendulous.
28 Sparklet. Fruit small, obovate, downy.
29 Hallow's Trafalgar. Fruit large, oblong, hairy. Branches
pendulous.
30 Waverham's yellow. Fruit middle-sized, oval. Branches
pendulous.
31 Weedham's delight. Fruit large, oblong, hairy.
§ 2. Brandies erect.
* Fruit yellow, smooth.
32 Yellow ball. Fruit middle-sized, roundish.*
33 Blithfield. Fruit small, round, late.
34 Clegg's Tim Bobbin. Fruit middle-sized, oblong.
35 Old dark yellow. Fruit small, roundish.
36 White walnut. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, whitish yellow.
GROSSULARIE^l. I. RIBES.
181
Fruit yellow, hairy, or downy.
37 Hebburn yellow aston. Fruit small, roundish, hairy.*
38 Yellow champagne, hairy amber. Fruit small, roundish,
hairy.
39 Callow's conquering hero. Fruit large, oblong, coarse, hairy.
40 Heap's conquering girl. Fruit large, oblong, hairy.
41 Golden drop, golden lemon.
42 Part's golden fleece. Fruit large, oval, hairy.
43 Sulphur, rough yellow. Fruit small, roundish, hairy.*
44 Early sulphur, golden ball, golden bull. Fruit middle-
sized, roundish-oblong, hairy.
45 Foster's husbandman. Fruit large, obovate, downy.
46 Heywood's invincible. Fruit large, roundish-oblong, downy.
47 Hardcastle's jolly gunner, royal gunner. Fruit large,
oblong, hairy.
48 Prophet's regulator. Fruit large, roundish, hairy.
49 Rumbullion, yellow globe, round yellow. Fruit small,
roundish, downy.
50 Smooth yellorv. Fruit small, roundish, downy.*
51 Williamson's yellow hornet. Fruit small, ovate, downy.
5^ Yellowsmith. Fruit small, roundish-oblong, hairy.*
53 Kelk's yellow. Fruit middle-sized, oblong, downy.
III. Fruit white, or greenish white.
§ 1 . Branches erect.
* Fruit smooth, white.
1 Cranshaw's ambush. Fruit large, obovate, white.
2 White Damson. Fruit small, roundish.*
3 Honey white. Fruit middle-sized, roundish-oblong.
4 Hoslam's smiling yellow. Fruit large, roundish-oblong.
5 Cook's white eagle. Fruit large, obovate.*
6 Lovart's Queen Caroline. Fruit middle-sized, obovate.
* * Fruit greenish white, hairy, or downy.
7 Large early white. Fruit large, obovate, downy.*
8 Sampson's Queen Ann. Fruit large, oval, downy.
9 Peers's Queen Charlotte. Fruit middle -sized, oblong, hairy.*
10 Morris's Queen Mary. Fruit middle-sized, ovate, downy.
1 1 1'rueman. Fruit large, obovate, hairy.
* Fruit white, hairy, or downy.
12 Bonny landlady, noble landlady. Fruit large, oblong.
1 3 Hopley's lady of the manor. Fruit large, roundish-oblong,
hairy.
14 White lion. Fruit large, obovate, hairy.
15 Stringer's maid of the mill. Fruit middle-sized, obovate,
downy.
16 Marchioness of Downshire. Fruit middle-sized, oblong,
hairy.
1 7 Early rough white. Fruit large, oval, hairy.
18 Saunder's royal rock getter, Andrews' s royal rock getter.
Fruit large, obovate, downy.
19 White royal. Fruit small, round, hairy.
20 Compton's Sheba Queen. Fruit large, obovate, downy.*
21 Wellington's glory. Fruit large, roundish-oblong, downy.*
22 Moore's white bear. Fruit large, obovate, hairy.*
23 Nixon's white heart. Fruit middle-sized, heart-shaped,
hairy.
24 White lily. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, downy.
25 Woodward's whitesmith, Sir Sidney Smith, Hall's seedling,
Lancashire lass, Grundy's Lady Lillford. Fruit large, roundish-
oblong, downy.
• 26 Taylor's bright Venus. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, hairy.*
27 White champagne. Fruit small, roundish-oblong, hairy.*
28 Saunder's Cheshire lass. Fruit large, oblong, downy.*
29 Hedgehog. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, hairy.*
§ 2. Branches spreading or pendulous.
* Fruit smooth, white.
30 Crystal. Fruit small, roundish. *
31 White fg. Fruit small, obovate, *
32 Parkinson's first rate. Fruit large, oval.
33 Leigh's fudler. Fruit middle-sized, oblong. Branches pen-
dulous.
34 Great Britain. Fruit large, oblong, greenish white.
35 White rasp. Fruit small, round.
36 Brundrett's white rock. Fruit large, obovate. Branches
pendulous.
37 Diggles's wanton. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, greenish
white.
38 Denny's Victoria. Fruit large, obovate, greenish white.
* Fruit greenish white, smooth.
39 Stringer's dusty miller. Fruit middle-sized, obovate.
Branches pendulous.
40 Great Britain. Fruit large, oblong. Branches pendulous.
41 Denny's Vittoria. Fruit large, obovate. Branches pen-
dulous.
* Fruit white, hairy, or downy.
42 Capper's bonny lass. Fruit large, oblong, hairy.
43 White crystal. Fruit small, roundish, hairy or downy. *
44 Early white. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, downy. *
45 Grundy's fowler. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, downy.
46 Large white. Fruit middle-sized, oval, downy.
47 Smith's radical. Fruit large, roundish-oblong, hairy.
Branches pendulous.
48 Irish white raspberry. Fruit small, round, hairy.
49 Cleworth's white lion. Fruit large, obovate, downy.
Branches pendulous. *
* * * * Fruit greenish white, hairy or downy.
50 Counsellor Brougham. Fruit large, oblong, downy.
51 Brathertons governess. Fruit large, roundish-oblong,
hairy.
52 Princess royal. Fruit large, obovate, hairy. Branches
pendulous. *
53 Leigh's toper, Fox's toper. Fruit large, oblong," downy.
Branches pendulous.
54 Taylor's speedwell. Fruit large, oblong, hairy. Branches
pendulous.
IV. Fruit red.
§ 1 . Branches spreading or pendulous.
* Fruit hairy or downy.
1 Alexander. Fruit large, obovate, hairy.
2 Hamlet's beauty of England. Fruit large, oblong, hairy.
3 Waverham's black bullfinch. Fruit middle-sized, obovate,
dark red, downy.
4 Shipley's black prince. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, downy,
deep red.
5 Boardman's British crown. Fruit large, roundish, hairy.
6 Williams' s conqueror. Fruit large, obovate, hairy.
7 Melling's crown bob. Fruit large, oblong, hairy. *
8 Worthington 's defiance. Fruit large, obovate, hairy.
Branches pendulous.
9 Earl Grosvenor. Fruit large, obovate, downy. Branches
pendulous.
182
GROSSULARIE^E. I. RIBES.
10 Early black. Fruit middle-sized, oblong, dark red.
Branches pendulous.
11 Early rough red. Fruit small, roundish-oblong.
12 Berry's farmer's glory. Fruit large, obovate, downy.
Branches pendulous. *
13 Smith's favourite. Fruit middle-sized, roundish-oblong,
hairy.
14 Glory of Oldham. Fruit middle-sized, oblong, hairy.
15 Ironmonger, hairy black. Fruit small, roundish, hairy.
16 Jackson's slim. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, dark red,
downy.
1 7 Keens' s seedling, Keens' s seedling Warrington. Fruit mid-
dle-sized, oblong. Branches pendulous. *
18 Brathcrlon's Lord of the Manor. Fruit large, roundish,
hairy. *
19 Knight's Marquis of Stafford. Fruit large, roundish-ob-
long, hairy. *
20 Wrig/it's matchless. Fruit middle-sized, oblong, dark-
red, hairy.
21 Miss Bold, pigeon's egg. Fruit middle-sized, roundish,
downy, dark red, early. *
22 Bratherton's over-all. Fruit large, oblong, hairy. Branches
pendulous.
23 Bratherlon's pastime. Fruit large, roundish, hairy, dark
red. Branches pendulous.
24 Raspberry, nutmeg. Fruit small, roundish, hairy, dark
red. *.
25 Red Mogul. Fruit small, roundish, hairy. *
26 Large red oval. Fruit large, oval, hairy. *
27 Red rose. Fruit large, oblong, downy. Branches pen-
dulous. *
28 Red Smith. Fruit middle-sized, oval, downy.
29 Acherley's Rodney. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, downy.
Branches pendulous.
30 Rough red, little red hairy, old Scotch red, thick skinned
red. Fruit small, round, hairy. *
31 Small dark rough red, small rough red. Fruit small,
round, hairy. *
32 Royal oak. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, hairy. *
S3 Small red. Fruit small, round, hairy. *
34 Capper's top sawyer. Fruit large, roundish, hairy, pale
red. Branches pendulous.
35 Denny's triumphant. Fruit large, obovate, hairy. Branches
pendulous.
36 Lomas's victory. Fruit large, roundish, hairy. Branches
pendulous.
37 Red walnut, Murrey, Eckersley's double bearing, Ashton
red. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, downy, early.
38 Warrington red, Aston, volunteer. Fruit large, roundish-
oblong, hairy. Branches pendulous. This is one of the best,
and hangs late. *
39 Knight's niarrior. Fruit large, ovate, downy, pale red.
Branches pendulous.
40 Wilmot's late superb. Branches large, roundish-oblong,
hairy.
* * Fruit smooth, red.
41 Gerard's Ajax. Fruit large, roundish.
42 Red ball. Fruit small, roundish.
48 Claret. Fruit small, roundish.
44 Worthington's conqueror. Fruit large, obovate. Branches
pendulous.
45 Rival's emperor Napoleon. Fruit large, obovate. Branches
pendulous.
46 Whitton's glory. Fruit middle-sized, oblong, dark red.
47 Hooper's great captain. Fruit large, oblong.
48 Ambersley hero. Fruit large, oblong, dark red.
49 Jagg's red. Fruit large, roundish. Branches pendulous.
50 Eckersley's jolly printer. Fruit large, oblong, dark red.
51 Brawnlie nutmeg. Fruit small, obovate.
52 Rider's Old England. Fruit large, roundish-oblong, dark
red. Branches pendulous.
53 Boardman's Prince Regent. Fruit large, roundish, dark
red.
54 Red Turkey, smooth red. Fruit small, obovate.*
55 Ward's Richmond Hill. Fruit large, obovate, dark red.
Branches pendulous.
56 Johnson's ringleader. Fruit large, oblong. Branches pen-
dulous.
57 Farrow's roaring lion, great chance. Fruit very large, ob-
long. Branches pendulous.
58 Saint John. Fruit middle-sized, obovate.
59 Rider's scented lemon. Fruit large, obovate. *
60 Greaves's Srnolensko. Fruit large, obovate. Branches
pendulous.
61 Chadwick's sportsman. Fruit large, obovate, dark red.
62 Bratherton's whipper-in. Fruit large, oblong, dark red.
Branches pendulous.
63 Wilmot's early red. Fruit large, roundish-oblong, dark
red. Branches pendulous.
64 Wilmot's seedling red. Fruit large, oblong, dark red.
65 Walker's Bank of England. Fruit large, obovate.
Branches pendulous.
§ 2. Branches erect.
* Fruit smooth, red.
66 Small red globe, smooth Scotch. Fruit small, roundish. *
* * Fruit red, hairy or downy.
67 Brundrett's atlas, Brundit's atlas. Fruit large, oblong,
hairy.
68 Barton's red. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, hairy.
69 Red Champagne, red Turkey, countess of Errol, Ironmon-
ger of many. Fruit small, roundish-oblong, hairy. A fruit of
unequalled richness. *
70 Dakins's black. Fruit middle-sized, oblong, dark red. A
bad bearer.
71 Large red globe. Fruit large, roundish, hairy.
72 Barton's hairy red. Fruit small, roundish, hairy. A good
bearer.
73 Bratherton's huntsman, Speechley's rough red. Fruit large,
roundish, hairy. A good bearer.
74 Irish plum. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, hairy.
75 Hopley's jubilee. Fruit large, roundish, hairy, dark red.
76 Allcock's king. Fruit large, roundish, hairy, dark red.
77 Lad Hartshorn's Lancashire. Fruit large, roundish, hairy,
dark red. A good bearer.
78 Little John. Fruit small, oblong, hairy, dark red.
79 Beaumont's red. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, hairy. *
80 Leigh's rifleman, Allcock's Duke of York, Yates's royal
Ann. Fruit large, roundish, hairy. A good bearer, and late. *
81 Rob Roy. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, hairy.
82 Scarlet transparent. Fruit small, roundish, hairy. A
bad bearer.
83 Scotch best jam, dumpling. Fruit small, hairy, roundish. *
84 Denny's Shakspeare. Fruit large, roundish, hairy.
85 Mellor's Sir Francis Burdett. Fruit large, obovate, pale
red.
86 Hampson's Tantarara. Fruit middle-sized, obovate,
downy. *
87 Speechley's Yaxley hero. Fruit large, obovate, hairy. *
GROSSULARIE^E. I. RISES.
183
Selection of sorts. — " It must be admitted," Neill observes,
" that although large gooseberries make a fine appearance on
the table, they are often deficient in flavour when compared with
some of smaller size. Many of them have very thick strong
skins, and are not eatable unless thoroughly ripened. Some of
the large sorts, however, are of very good quality, such as the
red Champagne and the green walnut, &c. For culinary use in
the month of May, Wilmot's early red is larger and better than
most others, the skin not being tough, and the whole berry melt-
ing to a fine consistence." Forsyth very judiciously recommends
cultivating the early and late sorts, in order to prolong the sea-
son of this fruit. But the best way of selecting sorts for any
particular purpose is from the list given above, where those that
are of particular excellence are marked by an asterisk.
Propagation. — The gooseberry may be propagated by all the
modes applicable to trees or shrubs, even by pieces of the roots ;
but the mode by cuttings is usually adopted for continuing
varieties, and that by seeds for procuring them.
By seeds. — The scientific mode of impregnating one variety
with another has, we believe, not been applied to this fruit. In
general the seed of some choice variety, thoroughly ripe, is taken
and sown in autumn or early in spring, in beds or pots of rich
light mellow earth ; when the plants are a year old, they are
planted out in nursery rows, to be cultivated and trained there
a year or two ; in general they will bear the third year. By
preparing for the best of these seedlings a very rich soil, and by
watering, shading, and thinning the fruit, the largest sorts have
been obtained. Not content with watering at the roots and over
the top, the Lancashire connoisseur, when he is growing for ex-
hibition, places a small saucer of water immediately under each
gooseberry, only 3 or 4 of which he leaves on the tree. This is
technically called suckling. He also pinches off a great part of
the young wood, so as to throw all the strength he can into the
fruit.
By cuttings. — Miller says, the best season for planting goose-
berry cuttings is in autumn, just before their leaves begin to fall.
The cuttings should be taken from bearing shoots, rather than
from those that issue from the main stem. Cut them to such a
length as the strength and ripeness of the wood will bear, and cut
off all the buds, excepting three, or at most four at top, and
train the plants with a single stem of 9 inches or a foot high,
from the top of which the branches should radiate upwards at an
angle of 40°, or better if 45°. Haynes advises taking off cut-
tings in July, when the fruit is on the bush, in order to make
sure of the sorts. He says, by immediate planting, watering,
and shading, as good plants are produced as from ripe wooded
cuttings. Treat, of the gooseberry, &c. p. 29.
Soil and site. — Any good garden soil, on a dry bottom, and
well manured, will suit the gooseberry. That which is soft and
moist produces the largest fruit. The situation should not be
under the drip of trees, over much shaded or confined, other-
wise the fruit will be small, ill flavoured, and the plants apt to
mildew. Forsyth says, gooseberries should be dunged every
year, or at least have a good coat of dung once in two years.
Haynes recommends a mixture of peat and loam well manured,
and a shaded situation. The last he proposes to effect by plant-
ing among his quarters of gooseberries, rows of Jerusalem arti-
chokes in the direction of east and west.
Final planting. — " The season for planting gooseberries is
any time during open weather, from October till March. When
trees are procured from the public nurseries, choose such as are
in some advanced state, about 3 years' growth, with pretty full
heads, for immediate plentiful bearers. Let the general supply
be in standard bushes, and plant principally in the kitchen
garden, in single rows along the boundary edges of the main
quarters or outward borders, from 6 to 8 feet apart, or some
may be planted in cross rows, to subdivide extensive quarters.
When the object is to raise large quantities of fruit, plantations
are made in continued parallel rows, 8 or 10 feet asunder, by C
feet in the row. It would be eligible to plant a few choice sorts
against south and other sunny walls or paling, for earlier and
larger fruit : and on north walls to ripen late in succession."
Abercrombie. Forsyth says, " The market gardeners about
London plant them in rows, from 8 to 10 feet apart from row to
row, and 6 feet from plant to plant in the rows. In small gar-
dens I would recommend planting them in quarters by them-
selves, at the distance of 6 feet between the rows, and 4 feet
from plant to plant ; or you may plant them round the edges of
the quarters about 3 feet from the path ; you will then have
the ground clear for cropping, and a man, by setting one foot on
the border, can gather the gooseberries without injuring the
crop." Neil says, " In some places gooseberry bushes on the
sides of the borders, are trained to a single tall stem, which is
tied to a stake ; this, though G or 8 feet high, occasions scarcely
any shade on the border, and it does not occupy much room, nor
exclude air ; while, at the same time, the stem becomes close
hung with berries, and makes a pleasant appearance in thatstate."
Edinb. encycl. art. hort. § 161. Maher observes (Hort. trans.
2. p. 146.) " that as the crop of ripe fruit is often injured by
having the largest and earliest berries prematurely gathered,
whilst green, for tarts, a sufficient number of trees of such
varieties as are earliest should be planted in a separate quarter
of the garden, and devoted exclusively to the use of the kitchen,
for tarts and sauce."
Mude of bearing — " The gooseberry produces its fruit not
only on the shoots of last summer, and on shoots 2 or 3 years'
old, but also on spurs or snags arising from the elder branches
along the sides ; but the former afford the largest fruit. The
shoots retained for bearers should therefore be left at full length
or nearly so." Abercrombie.
Pruning. — " The bushes will require a regular pruning twice
in the year."
Summer pruning. — " Where any bushes are crowded with
cross and water shoots of the same year, shading the fruit from
the sun, and preventing the access of air, thin the heart of the
plant and other tufted parts moderately, pinching off or cutting
out close what spray is removed ; but do not touch the summer
shoots in general. Maher says, it will greatly contribute to the
perfection of the fruit, if the very small berries are taken away
with a pair of scissors about the middle or end of May ; and
these small berries will be found quite as good for sauce or
gooseberry cream as the larger."
Winter pruning. — " You may proceed to the winter pruning
any time from November until the end of February, or until the
buds are so swelled, that further delay would endanger their
being rubbed off in the operation. Cut out the cross-shoots and
water-shoots of the preceding summer, and the superfluous
among crowded branches. Prune long ramblers and low strag-
glers to some well placed lateral or eye ; or if any under straggler
spring very low, cut it away. Of last year's shoots retain a
sufficiency of the best well-placed laterals and terminals in
vacant parts, to form successional bearers, and to supply the
places of unfruitful and decayed old-wood, which, as you pro-
ceed, should be removed. Mostly retain a leading shoot at the
end of the principal branch, leaving it either naturally terminal,
or, where the branch would thus be too extended, pruning in
some competent lateral within bounds. The superfluous young
laterals on the good main branches, instead of being taken off
clean, may be cut into little stubs of one or two eyes ; which will
send out fruit-buds and spurs. Of the supply reserved for new
bearers, a small number will probably require shortening, where
too extended, or curved incommodiously ; leave these from 8 to
184
GROSSULARIE^E. I. RIDES.
] 2 inches in length, according to strength and situation ; those
of moderate extent and regular growth will require very little
shortening, and many none at all. Observe, too close cutting or
general shortening, occasions a great superfluity of wood in
summer ; for the multiplied laterals thus forced from the eyes
of the shortened branches, increase to a thicket, so as to retard
the growth, and prevent the full ripening of the fruit; on which
account it is an important part of pruning to keep the middle of
the head open and clear, and to let the occasional shortening of
the shoot be sparing and moderate. Between the bearing
branches keep a regular distance of at least 6 inches at the ex-
tremities, which will render them fertile bearers of good fruit.
Some persons, not pruning the gooseberry bush on right prin-
ciples, are apt to leave the shoots excessively close and tufted,
while they shorten the whole promiscuously ; others sometimes
clip them with garden shears to close round heads ; in conse-
quence of being pruned in these methods, the bushes shoot
crowdeclly, full of young wood in summer, from which the fruit
is always very small, and does not ripen freely with full flavour."
Forsyth says, " Many of the Lancashire sorts are apt to grow hori-
zontally, and the branches frequently trail on the ground, which
renders them liable to be broken by high winds, especially when
they are loaded with fruit. In that case I would recommend 2
or 3 hoops to be put round them, to which the branches may
be tied to support them, and prevent their being broken by the
wind." S. Jeeves has tried training gooseberries on an arched
trellis in the manner of a berceau or arbour-walk. For this
purpose he plants in rows, 5^ feet apart, and the plants 3 feet
distant in the row. He chooses the strongest growing kinds,
and trains 4 branches at 9 inches distance from each plant, till
they meet at the top. The advantages of this plan are beauty
of appearance, fruit not splashed by rain, easily gathered, and
the ground more readily cultivated.
Insects and diseases, &c. — The caterpillars of saw-flies (Ten-
thredinidse, Leach), of butterflies (Papilia, Lin.), and of moths
(Phalsena, Lin.), are well known as serious enemies to goose-
berries. The larvBe of the Tenthredinidse have from 16 to 20
feet, a round head, when touched they will roll themselves to-
gether. They feed on the leaves of the gooseberry, apple, and
most fruit trees, as well as on roses, and other shrubs and plants.
When full grown they make, sometimes in the earth, and some-
times between the leaves of the plants on which they feed, a
net-work case, which, when complete, is strong and gummy, and
in that change to the pupa incomplete, which for the most part
remains during the winter in the earth. The perfect fly
emerges early in the ensuing spring ; its serrated sting is used
by the female in the manner of a saw, to make incisions in the
twigs or stems of plants, where it deposits its eggs. The Cale-
donian Horticultural Society having requested information re-
specting the best method of preventing or destroying the cater-
pillar on gooseberries, received various communications on the
subject, and the following are extracts from such as they deemed
fit for publication.
J. Gibb describes the large black, the green, and the white
caterpillar, with his methods of destroying them: —
" During the winter months the large black kind may be ob-
served lying in clusters on the under parts, and in the crevices
of the bushes ; and even at this season (Feb.) I find them in
that state. In the course of 8 or 10 days, however, if the
weather be favourable, they will creep up in the day time, feed
on the buds, and return to their nest during the night. When-
ever leaves appear upon the bushes they feed upon them till
they arrive at maturity, which is generally in the month of June;
after which they creep down upon the under sides of the
branches, where they lodge till the crust or shell is formed over
them. In July they become moths, and lay their eggs on the under
side of the leaves and bark. The produce of these eggs, coming
into life during the month of September, feed on the leaves so
long as they are green, and afterwards gather together in clusters
on the under side of the branches, and in the crevices of the
bark, where they remain all the winter, as already said. Winter
is the most proper time for attacking this sort with success, as
their destruction is most effectually accomplished by the simple
operation of pouring a quantity of boiling-hot water upon them
from a watering-pan, while no injury is thereby done to the
bushes.
" The green sort are at present (February) in the shelly state,
lying about an inch under ground. In April they come out
small flies, and immediately lay their eggs on the veins and
under sides of the leaves. These eggs produce young cater-
pillars in May, which feed on the leaves till June or July, when
they cast a blackish kind of skin, and afterwards crawl down
from the bushes into the earth, where a crust or shell grows
over them, and in that state they continue till the following April.
The only method which I have hitherto found effectual for
destroying these is, 1st, to dig the ground around the bushes
very deep during the winter season, by which means the greater
part of them are destroyed, or buried too deep ever to penetrate
to the surface ; 2ndly, in April, when the flies make their ap-
pearance, to pick off all the leaves on which any eggs are ob-
servable ; this is a tedious operation, but may be done by chil-
dren. If any of the enemy should escape both these operations,
they will be discernible as soon as they come into life, by their
eating holes through the leaves, and may then easily be de-
stroyed, without the least injury to the bushes or fruit.
" The white kind, otherwise called borers, are not so nume-
rous as the other kinds, though very destructive ; they bore the
berry, and cause it to drop off; they preserve themselves during
the winter season in the chrysalis state, about an inch under
ground, and become flies nearly at the same time with the last
mentioned kind ; they lay their eggs on the blossoms, and these
eggs produce young caterpillars in May, which feed on the ber-
ries till they are full grown, and then creep down into the earth,
where they remain for the winter in the shelly state." Caled.
mem. vol. 1.
Macmurray, in autumn, pours a little cow urine around the
stem of each bush, as much as suffices merely to moisten the
ground. The bushes which were treated in this manner re-
mained free of caterpillars for two years ; while those that were
neglected or intentionally passed over, in the same compart-
ment, were totally destroyed by the depredations of the in-
sects. A layer of sea-weed laid on in autumn, and dug in in the
spring had the ^same effect for one year. Caled. mem. vol. 1.
p. 95.
R. Elliot says, " take 6 pounds of black currant leaves, and
as many of elder leaves, and boil them in 12 gallons of soft
water; then take 14 pounds of hot lime, and put it in 12 gal-
lons of water ; mix them altogether ; then wash the infested
bushes with the hand engine ; after that is done, take a little
hot lime, and lay it at the root of each bush that has been washed,
which completes the operation. By these means you com-
pletely destroy the caterpillars, without hurting the foliage. A
dull clay is to be preferred to any other for washing. When the
foliage is all off the bushes, wash them over with the hand en-
gine to clean them of decayed leaves ; for this purpose any sort
of water will do ; then stir up the surface of the earth all round
the roots of the bushes, and lay a little hot lime about them to
destroy the eggs. This I have never found to fail of success
since the first trial, 6 years ago. The above mentioned propor-
tion of leaves, lime, and water, will serve for 2 acres of ground
or more, covered with bushes or trees in the ordinary manner,
and will cost very little money indeed. The same proportion is
GROSSULARIEjE. I, RIBES.
185
to be observed in making a wash for the rest of the trees or
bushes."
J. Machray procured some tobacco and soft or black soap,
and boiled a quarter of a pound of tobacco with the one pound
of soft soap in about 1 8 scotch pints of water ; and kept stirring
the liquid while boiling with a whisk, in order to dissolve the
soap ; this liquor, when milk-warm, or so cool as not to hurt the
foliage, he applied to the bushes with a hand-squirt, in the
evening, and in the morning found all the ground under the
bushes covered with dead caterpillars. This practice he con-
tinued for six years, always when he saw any symptoms of the
approach of caterpillars.
J. Tweedie, in the course of any of the winter months, pares
all the earth from under the bushes to the depth of about 3
inches, into a flat ridge betwixt the rows ; and on the first dry
day following, either treads, beats, or rolls these ridges, and
trenches the whole down l-J- or 2 spades deep, observing to tread
the foul earth into the bottom of the trench.
Forsyth's method is as follows : " Take some sifted quick-
lime, and lay it under the bushes, but do not at first let any of
it touch the branches or leaves ; then shake each bush suddenly
and smartly, and the caterpillars will fall into the lime ; if the
bush be not shaken suddenly, the caterpillars, on being a little
disturbed, will take so firm a hold as not easily to be shaken off.
After this is done, sift some of the lime over the bushes ; this
will drive down those which may have lodged on the branches.
The caterpillars ought to be swept up next day, and the bushes
well washed with clear lime-water mixed with urine ; this will
destroy any caterpillars that may still remain, and also the
aphides, if there are any on the bushes."
Of all the methods for destroying caterpillars mentioned
above, Gibb's appears to us the only plan on which any reliance
can be placed.
Taking the crop — " From gooseberries being useful for dif-
ferent purposes, both in a green and in a mature state, and from
the compass of time afforded by early and late sorts, they are in
season in great request 4 or 5 months in summer, from April
till September. The early sorts on south walls come in for
gathering in small green berries for tarts, &c. in April or early
in May, and attain maturity in June. From common standard
bushes an abundant supply is yielded in May and June of goose-
berries in a green state ; and in proportion as part is reserved to
ripen, a succession, in full size and maturity, is obtained in June,
July, and August. Some late kinds, either planted in shady
situations, or shielded with mats from the sun in their ripening
state, continue good on the bush till September."
Prolonging the crop. — In addition to planting late sorts in
shady situations, the bushes, whether standards or trained, may
be matted over when the fruit is ripe, and in this way some of
the reds, as the Warrington, and the thick-skinned yellow sorts,
as the Mogul, will keep on the trees till Christmas.
Forcing. — The gooseberry may be forced in pots or boxes
placed in pits, or in the peach-house or vinery. The plants in
pots or boxes, are placed in pits, or in the peach-house in January,
and has ripe fruit in the end of April, which is sent to table
growing on the bush.
Common Gooseberry. Fl. March, April. Britain. Shrub 4
to 6 feet.
* Flowers red.
18 R. SPECIOSUM (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. append. 731.)
shrub bristly and prickly ; spines tripartite ; leaves roundish-oval,
3-5-lobed, obtuse ; peduncles few-flowered ; bracteas broadly
ovate ; calyx cylindrical, 4-parted, with erect glandular seg-
ments ; germens and pedicels beset with glandular bristles. Jj . H.
Native of North California and Monterrey, and Mexico. Sweet, fl.
gard. second ser.t. 149. Lindl. bot. reg. vol. 18. with a figure. R.
VOL. III.
stamineum, Smith in Rees' cycl. FIG. 32.
R. triacantha, Menzies. R.fuch-
sioides, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex.
icon. ined. Flowers large, scar-
let, pendulous, very like those of
a Fuchsia. Stamens much ex-
serted ; style long, entire ; petals
cuneate, inserted on the very short
tube of the calyx, the margins
involute. Fruit hispid, (f. 32.)
Showy Gooseberry. Fl. May,
June. Clt. 1824. Sh. 4 to 5 ft.
19 R. MENZIE'SII (Pursh. fl.
amer. sept. 2. append, p. 732.)
plant very prickly ; spines tripar-
tite ; leaves cordate, truncate at
the base, 5-lobed, serrated, wrinkled Trom veins, clothed with
pubescence beneath; peduncles usually 1 -flowered; calyx cy-
lindrically campanulate, deeply 5-parted, glandular ; stamens 5,
inclosed ; style a little exserted ; germens and peduncles prickly.
fy . H. Native of North California, at Port Trinidad. R. ferox,
Smith in Rees' cycl. The present species and the preceding are
very showy plants, from their large bright red or crimson glan-
dular flowers, and may be considered as holding the same rank
among the gooseberries as R. sanguineum does among the cur-
rants.
Menzies's Gooseberry. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
SECT. II. BOTRYCA'RPUM (from ftorpvg, botrys, a raceme, and
xapwof, karpos, a fruit ; fruit disposed in racemes). This is an
intermediate section between sect. 1. Grossularia, and sect. 3.
Ribesia, having the prickles of the former, and racemose flowers
and small fruit of the latter. R. lacustre, no. 9. ought probably
to have been placed in this section.
20 R. ORIENTA'LE (Poir. encycl. suppl. 2. p. 856.) plant
rather prickly ; leaves 3-5-lobed, orbicularly somewhat reniform,
cut, hairy ; lobes rather deep, obtuse ; petioles hairy ; racemes
erectish, few-flowered ; bracteas longer than the flowers ; style
bifid at the apex. ^ . H. Native of Syria. Desf. arb. 2. p.
88. Flowers greenish yellow. Fruit like those of the currant.
Eastern Gooseberry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1824. Shrub 4
to 6 feet.
21 R. SAXA'TILE (Pall. nov. act. petr. x. p. 276.) prickles
scattered ; leaves roundish-cuneiform, bluntly 3-lobed ; racemes
erect ; bracteas linear, shorter than the pedicels ; calyx flat, sca-
brous ; petals small, of a livid green colour. (7 . H. Native of
Siberia. Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 239. R. alpinum, Sievers in
Pall. nord. beytr. 7. p. 345. ? Flowers small, greenish purple.
Petals spatulate. Berries smooth, globose, bractless, dark pur-
ple, when mature full of edible pulp, rarely so large as common
currants, and like them.
Rock Gooseberry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1819. Shrub 4 to
5 feet.
22 R. DIACA'NTHA (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 157.) prickles twin, sti-
pular ; leaves cuneiform, tripartite, quite glabrous, shorter than
the petioles ; lobes toothed ; racemes long, erect ; flowers on
long pedicels ; bracteas length of flowers; sepals roundish, yel-
lowish ; petals small, roundish. ^.H. Native of Dahuria and
Siberia. Berl. 1. c. t. 2. f. 8. Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 36. t. 60.
append, no. 79. t. 2. f. 2. Berries about the size of currants,
red, of a sweetish acid taste.
Two-spined Gooseberry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1781. Shrub
4 to 5 feet.
SECT. III. RIBE'SIA (an alteration from Ribes). Shrubs un-
armed (f. 33.). Racemes for the most part many-flowered (f. 33.).
Leaves plicate. Calyx campanulate (f. 33. 6.), or cylindrical.
B B
186
GROSSULARIE^E. I. RIBES.
* Flowers greenish or greenish-yellow.
23 R. ALPI'NUM (Lin. spec. 291.) leaves 3-5-lobed, obtuse,
shining beneath, pilose above ; racemes erect, rather crowded ;
bracteas lanceolate, ventricose, bearing a few glands, usually
longer than the flowers ; petals minute, almost abortive ; anthers
more or less nearly sessile ; styles joined. \\ . H. Native of
Europe and Siberia, on the Alps; in Britain, in woods, in
the north of England ; near Bradford, Yorkshire ; near Ripon
and in Durham ; also of Scotland, but rare. Smith, engl.
bot. 704. Fl. dan. t. 698. Jacq. aust. 1. t. 47. Flowers
greenish-yellow. Berries red, elliptic, mucilaginous and insipid.
Var. a, sterile (Wallr. sched. p. 108.) flowers flat, destitute of
the germ, fugaceous ; racemes dense, many-flowered ; anthers
nearly sessile, bearing pollen, acute. R. dioicum, Mcench. meth.
p. 683.
Var. ft, bacciferum (Wallr. I. c.) flowers some what 4iypocrate-
riform ; racemes few-flowered ; anthers distinctly pedicellate,
but imperfect ; style hardly semibifid ; germ large. Cultivated
in gardens.
Var. y, pumilum (Lindl. in hort. trans. 7. p. 244.) in every
respect the same as the species, but not one-third the size, never
exceeding 3 feet.
Alpine Currant. Fl. April, May. Britain. Shrub 3 to 6 ft.
24 R. RESINOSUM (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 163.) all parts
of the shrub are full of resinous glands ; leaves 3-5-lobed,
roundish ; racemes erect ; calyx flattish ; petals bluntly rhom-
boid ; bracteas linear, longer than the pedicels. >j . H. Native
of North America, on the mountains. Sims, bot. mag. 1583.
Berl. 1. c. t. 2. f. 10. Flowers greenish yellow. Berry hairy,
red ? Perhaps the flowers are dioecious. Very like R. alpinum.
Resinous Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1800. Sh. 3 to 5 ft.
25 R. CILI/OTUM (Willd. mss. ex Roam, et Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 500.) plant beset with glands ; leaves 5-lobed, deeply cor-
date, doubly crenate-serrated, ciliated, glabrous above, but hairy
on the nerves and veins beneath ; lobes acute ; petioles beset
with glandular hairs ; racemes solitary. Tj . H. Native of
Mexico, on the burning mount Jorullo, at the elevation of 1 500
feet. R. Jorullense, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 61.
Nearly allied to R . macrobbtrys.
Ciliated Currant. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
26 R. MACROBO'TRYS (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 12. t. 202.
f. a.) leaves cordate, lobed, deeply serrated ; petioles ciliated at
the base ; racemes very long, pendulous, hairy : bracteas linear-
subulate, pilose, nearly the length of the pedicels ; calyxes ru-
fescent ; petals small, red. ^ . G. Native of Peru, on the
Andes, in groves. Berl. 1. c. t. 2. f. 17. Berries greenish,
hairy.
Long-racemed Currant. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
27 R. ALBIFOLIUM (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 12, t. 132. f. 6.)
leaves rather cordate, deeply serrated; racemes twice the length
of the leaves, pendulous ; bracteas spatulate, ciliated, length of
pedicels ; petals roundish, purplish ; anthers nearly sessile.
fj . H. Native of Peru, in groves about Munna. Berl. 1. c.
t. 2. f. 18. Berries globose, rather hairy. Allied to R. ma-
crobotrys.
White-leaved Currant. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
28 R. BRACTEOSUM (Dougl. mss. ex Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1.
p. 232.) leaves on long petioles, cordate, deeply 5-7-lobed ;
lobes acuminated, cut, doubly serrated, hispid above, but full of
resinous dots beneath ; racemes often terminal, at length re-
flexed ; pedicels erectly spreading, pubescent, exceeding the
spatulate bracteas ; calyx rotate, glabrous ; petals minute,
roundish ; germens and berries full of resinous dots. 1j . H.
Native of the north-west coast of America, at the confluence of
the Columbia with the ocean. This is a very remarkable and
elegant shrub, with leaves nearly as large as, and resembling,
those of the Sycamore ; these, as well as the fructified racemes,
have a very strong resemblance to R. macrobbtrys ; but the
flowers are widely different. Flowers purplish-yellow. Berries
about the size of those of R. rubrum.
Bracteate Currant. Shrub 5 to 8 feet.
29 R. IURTUM (Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. herb, ex Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 501.) leaves ovate, rather cordate, 3-lobed,
reticulated beneath from hairy nerves and veins, and pale, but
blackish green above ; lobes deeply serrated, middle one the
largest ; petioles pilose, glanduliferous, and somewhat tomentose ;
racemes reflexed ; bracteas dentately ciliated ; petals roundish-
obovate ; styles bifid, fj . G. Native of South America, in
cold places on Mount Antisana, at the elevation of 300 feet.
Berl. I.e. t. 2. f. 13. R. fngidum, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 6. p. 62. Flowers flesh-coloured. Berries hispid.
Hairy Currant. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
30 R. FRA GRANS (Pall. nov. act. pet. 5. p. 377. t. 9.) leaves
glabrous, on long petioles, 3-5-lobed, greener above than below ;
racemes erect, stiff; flowers campanulate, white, sweet-scented ;
bracteas deciduous ; petals lanceolate, acute, spreading. T? . H,
Native of Siberia, on the higher mountains. Berries red, of a
very sweet taste. From the under surface of the leaves exudes,
in very frequent little yellow drops, a very fragrant balsamic
resin, having a strong smell of the black currant.
Fragrant Currant. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
31 R. PROCU'MBENS (Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 35. t. 65.) leaves
bluntly lobed ; lobes serrated : lateral ones a little cut ; racemes
erect ; peduncles long, setaceous ; segments of the limb of the
flower pubescent, acute, of a livid purplish colour ; anthers
hardly rising from the calyx. Tj . H. Native of Siberia, in
moist shady places. Flowers flattish. Berries very grateful
to the taste, rufescent when ripe. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 41. R.
polycarpon, Gmel. syst. veg. p. 419.
Procumbent Currant. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1804. Shrub pr.
32 R. PROSTRA'TUM (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 3. t. 2.) leaves deeply
cordate, 5-7-lobed, glabrous ; lobes acute, cut, doubly serrated,
naked on both surfaces ; racemes erect, loose, slender ; bracteas
small, obtuse, much shorter than the pedicels, which are beset
with glandular bristles ; calyx rotate ; germens and berries
beset with glandular bristles. Pj . H. Native of Newfoundland ;
throughout Canada ; and in woods on the Rocky Mountains.
Berl. 1. c. t. 2. f. 12. R. glandulosum, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1.
p. 279. R. rigens, Bigel. fl. best. ed. 2. p. 9. R. glandulo-
sum, Richards, in Frankl. 1st journ. ed. 2. append, p. 7.
R. laxiflorum, Richards, in Frankl. 1st. journ. ed. 2. append,
p. 7. Berries large, reddish. This is a very distinct species.
Var. /3 ; racemes pubescent ; pedicels divaricate. Tj . H. Na-
tive of the north-west coast of America. R. aff ine, Dougl. mss.
R. laxiflorum, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 731.
Prostrate Currant. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1812. Shrub pr.
33 R. TRIFIDUM (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 110.) leaves '
smoothish, moderately lobed ; racemes loosely many-flowered,
pubescent; flowers small ; calycine segments rather trifid ; ber-
ries hairy, red. t? . H. Native of North America, near Quebec,
and at Hudson's Bay. Lobes of leaves acutish. Racemes weak,
nearly like those of R. rubrum, but the flowers smaller. Petals
purplish, spatulate, rounded at the apex. Perhaps this is the
same as R. prostratum.
Trj/M-calyxed Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. Sh. pr.
34 R. TAKA'RE (D.Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 208.) leaves cor-
date, 3-lobed, acuminated, doubly serrated, pubescent on both
surfaces, as well as on the branches. Tj . H. Native of Nipaul,
in Sirinagur. Leaves as large as those of the Sycamore. Flowers
unknown. The bush is called Takare by the Nipaulese.
Takare Currant. Shrub.
GROSSULARIE,E. I. RIBES.
187
35 R. MULTIFLORUM (Kit. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
493. but not of H. B. et Kunth) leaves 5-lobed, cordate, tomen-
tose beneath ; racemes very long, pendulous, drooping ; bracteas
shorter than the flowers ; petioles length of leaves ; petals
wedge-shaped ; styles bifid, and sometimes distinctly trifid.
Ij . H. Native of Croatia. Sims, bot. mag. 2368. Berl. 1. c.
t. 2. f. 11. R. spicatum, Schultes, cestr. fl. ed. 1. p. 433.
Many-flowered Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1822. Shrub
4 to 6 feet.
36 R. ACUMINA'TUM (Wall. cat. no. 6834.) branches glabrous ;
leaves glabrous above, but with a few scattered hairs beneath,
8-5-lobed ; lobes acuminated, serrated ; racemes axillary, erect ;
peduncles pubescent; berries nodding; calyx campanulate ; pe-
tals rounded at the apex, fj . H. Native of Nipaul, on Sirmore
and Emodi. Berries red, about the size of red currants.
Acuminated-leacveA Currant. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
37 R. SPICA'TUM (Robs, in Lin. trans. 3. p. 240. t. 21.) leaves
roundish-cordate, 3-5-lobed, covered with soft pili 'above, and
tomentum beneath ; racemes erect ; flowers more or less pedi-
cellate ; bracteas obtuse, tomentose, much shorter than the
pedicels ; sepuls roundish-cuneated ; petals oblong ; styles bifid.
^ . H. Native of the North of England, in woods, near Rich-
mond, in Yorkshire ; and between Piersbridge and Gainford,
Durham. Smith, engl. bot. 1290. Berl. 1. c. t. 2. f. 16. Ber-
ries glabrous, globose, colour and taste of those of R. riibrum.
The tree currant affords a fruit rather smaller and more acid
than the common red currant ; but by crossing and cultivation
might, no doubt, be greatly improved ; and from its compara-
tively tree-like habits, might be a more convenient fruit shrub
in respect to crops around it.
Spiked-Rowered Currant. Fl. April, May. Engl. Sh. 4 to 6 ft.
38 R. PETR^UM (Wulf. in Jacq. misc. 2. p. 36.) leaves acu-
minated, 3-5-lobed, rather cordate, deeply serrated, on long
petioles, pilose above ; racemes erect, crowded, rather pubes-
cent ; bracteas shorter than the pedicels ; sepals obtuse ; petals
obcordate. Pj . H. Native of the Alps of Carinthia, Savoy,
and on almost all the mountains of Europe. In England, near
Eggleston and ConsclifFe, in the county of Durham; and in Scots-
wood Dean, Northumberland. Berl. 1. c. t. 2. f. 14. 'Jacq. icon.
1. t. 49. Smith, engl. bot. 705. R. alpmum, Delarb. auvergn.
p. 166. Petals small, white. Berries large, deep red, with an
acid taste. Fruiting racemes pendulous. The rock currant is
sometimes called Woolly-leaved currant, and Red Marsh mallorv-
leaved currant.
Rock Currant. Fl. May. England. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. -
89 R. RIGENS (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 110.) branches
erect ; leaves glabrous above, pubescent beneath, wrinkled re^i-
culately ; lobes and teeth acute ; racemes rather loose, many-
flowered, when bearing the fruit stifHsh and erect. T? . H.
Native of Canada, and the mountains of Pennsylvania. Pursh,
fl. amer. sept. l.p. 136. Berries red, hispid.
Stffish-racemed Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812. Sh.
4 to 6 feet.
40 R. VILLOSUM (Wall. cat. no. 6832.) branches pubescent;
leaves nearly orbicular, cordate, bluntly 3-lobed, villous as well
as the petioles ; racemes erect, few-flowered. Jj . H. Native
of Sirinagur.
bilious Currant. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
41 R. ALBINE'RVIUM (Michx. 1. c.) leaves short, petiolate,
deeply and acutely lobed, smoothish, with whitish nerves ; ra-
cemes recurved. Fj . H. Native of Canada, and on the Cats-
kill Mountains, in the state of New York. Flowers small.
Berries red, glabrous.
White-nerved Currant. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. ? Sh. 4 feet.
42 R. TUBULOSUM (Eschscholtz, pi. calif, p. 281.) leaves cor-
date, 3-lobed, clothed with white tomentose pubescence be-
neath ; petioles angular, dilated at the base, and furnished
with broad, dilated, jagged, membranous stipulas ; racemes ter-
minal, erect ; bracteas entire, with glandular margins ; calycine
segments short, roundisli ; petals oblong. Tj. H. Native of
North California. Stem strigose, dark purple, pruinose ; branches
angular, covered with setose, deciduous bark. Pedicels and
germs dotted with white tomentum. Petals pale brown. Very
nearly allied to R. albinervium and R. sanguineum.
7«5«/ar-flowered Currant. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
43 R. TUBIFLORUM (Meyer, in acad. Morou. vol. 7.) unarmed;
hairs glandular, at length deciduous ; adult leaves cordate, 5-
lobed, pubescent beneath ; racemes somewhat spicate, terminal,
drooping ; calyx tubular, pubescent, exceeding the bracteas ;
petals nearly orbicular. Tj . H. Native of North California.
Tube-flowered Currant. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
44 R. MAGELLA'NICUM (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 856.) stems rather
prostrate : leaves 3-lobed, crenately undulated, glabrous be-
neath,-and paler ; racemes erectish, thick ; bracteas longer than
the pedicels ; petals reflexed at the apex. T? . H. Native of
the Straits of Magellan.
Magellan Currant. Shrub pr.
45 R. PUNCTA'TUM (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 12. t. 233. f. a.)
leaves 3-lobed, serrated, beset with resinous glands beneath, as
well as on the bracteas ; racemes longer than the leaves, either
drooping or erect ; bracteas cuneate-oblong, obtuse, at length
reflexed ; calyx campanulate, yellowish ; berries oblong, hairy.
Tj . F. Native of Chili, on hills. Petals small, yellow. Ber-
ries red, dotted. Berl. 1. c. t. 2. f. 19. Lindl. bot. reg. 1278.
Z>o«erf-berried Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1826. Sh.
3 to 4 feet.
46 R. VISCOSUM (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 13.) leaves cor-
date, 5-lobed, crenated, rough, clammy, 5-nerved ; racemes
short, simple, solitary ; bracteas lanceolate, length of calyx.
^ . H. Native of Peru, on rocks. Corolla yellow. Calyx
nearly of the same colour. Berries small, pale purple.
Clammy Currant. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
47 R. HETERO'TRICHUM (Meyer, in Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t.
235. fl. alt. 1. p. 270.) stem .erectish; leaves pubescent,
bristly, and glandular, nearly orbicular, 3-lobed ; lobes obtuse,
toothed ; racemes erect ; pedicels equal in length to the brac-
teas ; calyx flat, pubescent ; berries puberulous, glandless, bract-
less. Jj . H. Native of Altaia, on rocks at the foot of the
mountains, on the west of Buchtorminsk, towards the river
Kurtschum ; also on the mountains in the Kirghisean Steppe.
Calyx of a livid purple colour ; petals purple, rounded, and
entire at the apex. Berries almost like those of R . riibrum, but
orange-coloured.
Variable-haired Currant. Fl. April, May. Shrub 2 to 3 ft.
48 R. CARPA'THICUM (Kit. in Schultes, cestr. fl. 2. ed. 1. p.
432. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 493.) stem erect ; leaves
5-lobed, cordate ; racemes pendulous, and are as well as the
calyxes pubescent ; petals flatfish, smaller than the calyx, Jj .
H. Native of the Carpathian mountains. R. acerrimum, Ro-
chel. ex Rcem. et Schultes, 1. c. Perhaps only a variety of R.
riibrum.
Carpathian Currant. Shrub 4 feet.
49 R. RU'BRUM (Lin. spec. 290.) leaves cordate, bluntly 3-5-
lobed, pubescent beneath, when young usually rather tomentose,
glabrous above ; racemes drooping ; bracteas ovate, shorter
than the pedicels ; calyx flatly campanulate, spreading ; sepals
obtuse ; petals obcordate ; fruit quite glabrous. tj . H. Na-
tive of Europe and Siberia, in woods ; and throughout Canada
to the mouth of the Mackenzie ; in mountainous woods, espe-
cially in the north of England and in Scotland, about the banks
of rivers ; undoubtedly wild on the banks of the Tees : in the
Isle of Isla, and in Culross woods, Scotland. Woodv. med. bot.
Bb 2
188
GROSSULARIE^E. I. RISES.
t. 74. Fl. dan. 967. Blackw. herb. t. 285. Smith, engl. hot.
1289. Flowers yellowish.
Var. a, sylvestre (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 406.) leaves and berries
smaller ; lobes of leaves short.
Var. ft, hortense (D. C. 1. c.) leaves larger, sometimes varie-
gated ; berries sweeter and larger than in var. a. Cultivated in
gardens. R. rubrum, Lois. nouv. diet. 3.
Var. y, cdrncum (Berl. mss. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 481.) leaves
rather tomentose beneath ; sepals red ; cells of anthers distant ;
berries pale red. R. rubrum domesticum /3, baccis carneis,
Wallr. sched. p. 106.
Far. S, variegatum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 481.) berries variegated.
Wallr. 1. c.
Var. e, album (Desf. cat. bot. p. 164.) berries white. Ait.
hort. kew. 2. p. 40. Wallr. sched. p. 106. Berl. 1. c. t. 2. f. 15.
The red currant is called Groseille ordinaire a grappes, or
d'outre mer, in French ; Johannlsbeere, in German ; and Uvetla,
in Italian. It is a low shrub, with smooth branches, downy
leaves, yellowish green flowers, disposed in pendulous racemes,
which appear in May, and the fruit ripens in June and July.
The berries of this shrub, in its wild state, are red ; but cul-
tivation has produced white and pale red berries. Professor
Martyn observes, that " The currant does not seem to have been
known to the ancientGreeks and Romans, as the southern nations
of Europe have not even an appropriate name to it at this day.
The old French name, groseilles d'outre mer, and the Dutch,
besklns oversee, proclaim their having been strangers imported.
Our English name of currant is evidently from the similitude of
the fruit to that of the Corinth grape, the small grape of Zante,
or the common grocers' Corinths or currants. The red currant
has been long cultivated in Britain, and very much improved in
the size of the bunch and berry."
Use. — The fruit is acceptable at the dessert, being of an
agreeable acid taste. It is much used for jellies, jams, and wines.
Forsyth says it is the most useful of all the small fruit, either
for the table and kitchen, or for preserving, making wine, &c.,
and continues longer in succession than any other. According
to Withering, the juice forms an agreeable acid to punch ; and
Professor Martyn says it was a common beverage in Paris in
1763. Its medicinal qualities are similar to those of other sub-
acerb fruits, allaying thirst, lessening an increased secretion of
the bile, and correcting a putrid and scorbutic state of the fluids.
Varieties. — There are as follow :
* Red currants.
1 Common red, groselllier rouge a petit fruit, groseilller
ordinaire a fruit rouge.
2 Red Dutch, large red Dutch, New red Dutch, large red,
large bunched red, Morgan's red, red grape, groseilller rouge
a gros fruit. This is the best of the red currants for all pur-
poses.
3 Knight's large red.
4 Knight's sweet red currant.
5 Knight's early red currant.
6 Champagne, groselllier a fruit couleur de chair.
7 Striped-leaved currant, and variegated-leaved currant.
8 Large pale red Dutch.
* * White currants.
1 Common white currant, groseillier a fruit blanc.
2 White Dutch currant, new rvhlte Dutch, Morgan's white,
white crystal, white Leghorn, pearl white. This is one of the
very best of the white currants.
3 Pearl white, blanc peril.
4 Speary's while.
Propagation and nursery culture. — The same as in the goose-
berry. With a view to obtaining new improved varieties from
seed, Mr. Knight procured cuttings, in the year 1810, of the
finest varieties of the red and white currants, which he planted
in pots of very rich mould, and placed under a south wall, to
which the trees were subsequently trained. At the end of 3
years, within which period the pots had been as often changed,
the trees were first suffered to produce blossoms. These were,
with the exception of a very small number, removed from the
white currant bushes, as soon as their buds unfolded ; and those
which remained were deprived of their stamens while immature,
and subsequently fertilized by the pollen of the red variety.
The seeds thus obtained were sown in pots, as soon as the fruit
had become perfectly mature, and were subjected early in the
following spring to the artificial heat of a forcing-house ; by
which means, and by proper subsequent attention, the plants
grew more than a foot in height the first season. At 2 years
old, in the year 1816, several of the plants, and in 1817, the
greater part of them, produced fruit of great variety of charac-
ter and merits ; but out of about 200 varieties, only 3 red and
2 white appeared to possess greater merits than their parents.
Soil and site. — All the sorts are very hardy, will grow freely
and bear plentifully almost any where, alike in open or shady
situations, by which the fruit may be obtained early, in June
and July, and prolonged for several months in succession till
October. As to soil, the currant generally does well in any
common garden-soil, well tilled and recruited : it bears the
greater crop in a strong loam or improved clay, somewhat moist ;
the earlier in a sandy light soil, which is not pqor. Previous to
planting, the ground should be dug 2 feet deep.
Final planting. The season for planting, on a dry soil, is
any time in open weather from the fall of the leaf till Fe-
bruary or March. Plants expected to bear the following sum-
mer, are best moved in October, unless the ground be wet in
winter. Allot a competent supply of standard bushes, to be
planted chiefly in the kitchen garden, in a single row, round the
main quarters, or in the outward borders, or some in cross rows,
to divide extensive quarters. Plant them from 5-10 feet dis-
tance in the row. To raise large supplies, full plantations are
formed in parallel rows, with intervals between the rows of 8'
or 10 feet, and between the trees in each row of 6 feet. Where
convenient, have also some choice sorts, trained against walls,
paling, or trellis-work, of different aspects, to obtain early and
late fruit in perfection ; some against a south exposure for early
production ; others on east, west, and north walls for interme-
diate succession and late fruit. Plant them at 6, 8, or 1 0 feet
distance ; letting them occasionally fill up the vacant spaces
between other wall-trees. The branches should be allowed to
advance from near the bottom, and be trained in a nearly hori-
zontal direction, from 3-6 inches asunder. Before nailing them,
cut out superabundant and irregular growths, retaining a com-
petency of regular shoots for orderly training, among which, if
any are of very considerable length, prune them to moderate
extent. Some may likewise be trained as espaliers, in a de-
tached row in the borders or divisions of the quarters. The
bushes so trained may either be left to grow without support, or
be tied occasionally to stakes, and the branches thus will not
overspread the ground. Being kept moderately thin and re-
gular, they will bear fine large fruit, and make an agreeable
appearance.
Mode of bearing. — Currant bushes, in general, bear the fruit
both on the young wood of one, two, or three years' growth,
and on the older brandies from small spurs and snags along the
sides, which continue for several years fruitful ; but the fruit
produced on the last year's shoots are always the finest, espe-
cially when the old mother bearers have borne more than 4
years.
GROSSULARIE,£. I. RIBES.
189
Priming. — The chief part of the future culture is seasonable
pruning. After the plants are furnished with full heads, they
produce many superfluous and disorderly shoots every summer,
crowding the general bearers, so as to require retrenchment
and regulation, both in the young growth of the year and older
wood. The season for the capital pruning is winter ; but a pre-
paratory part is performed in summer, to thin the superfluous
shoots of the year where too crowded, excluding the sun and
air from the fruit. First as to standards : —
Summer pruning. — In May or June cut out close the most
irregular shoots, rising in the centre of the bush with all the
cross and water shoots, to admit more freely the essential in-
fluence of the air and sun, and promote the growth of the fruit
and improve its flavour. Also twist off all root suckers as they
appear.
Winter pruning. — This extends both to the old and young
wood ; the time for it is when the plant is at rest. Of the
shoots of the preceding summer, cut out the cross-placed and
the otherwise irregular, with those which are not wanted for
vacancies ; but superfluous good lateral shoots are to be cut
down to short stubs or artificial spurs, about half an inch long,
so as to leave an eye or two, in order that they may send out
fruit-shoots and spurs. With regard to the old bearers, take
away those which are naked, or getting unfruitful, or of which
the fruit is declining in size ; reduce any of excessive length,
pruning in to some well-placed lateral young shoot, to preserve
the head within some regular compass ; cut out also any de-
cayed or cankery parts ; retain a competency of the finest best-
placed new shoots above and below vacant parts, to come in for
successional bearers, or to supply the places of defective old
wood, and preserve a leading shoot to the principal branches,
where within orderly limits, shortening such terminal shoots as
are of greatest length to 10, 12, or 15 inches, according to their
strength and the situation of the branches, and leaving those of
small extent mostly entire. Take care of the small lateral
fruit-spurs, and occasionally select short lateral shoots of 1,2,
or 3 inches, for bearing fruit ; or similar small shoots may be
cut to short snags of an inch or two long, also for fruiting.
Thin out spurs of the old branches where very thick. As the
old fruit branches decline bearing, or decay, cut them away,
taking care to provide young ones in succession ; and thus keep
the bushes always furnished with full-bearing branches, and ad-
vancing young bearers, in a regular open expansion, 6, 8, or 10
inches asunder at the extremities, circumscribing the general
head within the height of 3 or 4 feet, or 5 at most.
" Currants of the finest quality," Mr. Neill observes, " are
raised by Macdona!d, at Dalkeith House. A good deal depends
upon the way in which he manages the bushes, especially during
the ripening of the fruit. He prunes the bushes at the usual
season of mid-winter, shortening the last year's shoots down to
an inch or an inch and a half. Next summer the plants show
plenty of fruit, and at the same time throw out plenty of strong
shoots. As soon as the berries begin to colour, he cuts off the
summer shoots to within 5 or 6 inches before the fruit. This is
commonly done with the garden shears, with which a man may
go over half an acre of bushes in a day. Sun and air thus get
more free access, and more of the vigour of the plant is di-
rected to the fruit ; the berries are found not only to be of higher
flavour, but larger than usual." — Neill, Cal. mem. vol. 2.
To mall-bushes, espaliers, and fan- standards, without support,
the same course of summer and winter pruning is applicable,
with the obvious variations required by their figure. In training
wall-trees, 2 branches are led in an horizontal direction along
the bottom of the wall or trellis, perhaps half a foot from the
surface of the earth, and the growths from these of all upright
shoots, which will admit of being arranged at the distance of
5 or G inches from each other, is encouraged. Fan standards
are sometimes trained in a manner nearly similar, and some-
times with the branches radiating from the crown of the stem.
Insects, &c. — The red currant is occasionally attacked by the
caterpillar, and very frequently by the aphis ribes, Lin. which
changes the colour of the leaves to red, pits and puckers them,
and causes the fruit to be shrivelled and flavourless. Forsyth
says, " As currants are very liable to be devoured by earwigs,
which take shelter under their leaves and branches, bundles of
bean-stalks should be hung up some time before the bushes are
covered with mats or nets. If proper attention be not paid to
this, the fruit will generally suffer very much from these insects.
After the bushes are covered, take the mats off once in 3 or 4
days, and kill the earwigs that have got into the bean-stalks,
which it will be necessary still to keep hung up. As there is a
sweetness in the inside of bean-stalks which attracts the ear-
wigs, they very regularly take shelter in them from rain."
Taking the crop and preserving. — The ripening fruit comes
in for small gatherings in June, advances to maturity in July,
and continues in perfection till the end of August ; or if trees
in a full exposure are timely defended from birds and the full
sun, with garden mats, or protected with nets where they grow
against walls, the fruit may be continued good till September or
October. Gather in a dry state, as in rainy weather they lose
their flavour.
Forcing. — To obtain early currants by forcing, let some good
bearing trees, in pots, be placed early in January or February,
in any common forcing department : they will produce ripe fruit
in April or May.
Red and White Currant. Fl. April, May. Brit. Sh. 4 to 6 ft.
50 R. GLANDULOSUM (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. t. 233. f. 6. but
not of Ait.) leaves cordate, bluntly 3-lobed, doubly serrated,
rugged ; racemes short ; calyx glandular, pubescent. Jj . H.
Native of Chili, on wooded hills. Berl. 1. c. t. 2. f. 20.
Glandular- c&\yx.ed Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
51 R. CAMPANULA TUM (Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. herb, ex
Rcem. et Schultes, 2. p. 500.) leaves somewhat 5-lobed, doubly
crenated, cordate, hairy beneath ; lobes obtuse ; petioles cili-
ated with glandular hairs ; racemes pendulous ; calyx campa-
nulate; petals oblong-spatulate ; styles bifid. Jj . H. Native
of Mexico, near Moran, at the height of 3900 feet. R. affine,
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 60. Flowers
white. Hardly distinct from the following species.
Campanulate-calyxed Currant. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
52 R. KU'NTHII (Berl. mss. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 482.) leaves
somewhat 5-lobed, doubly serrated, rather cordate at the base,
pubescent ; racemes solitary or numerous, crowded, erect ; calyx
campanulate ; petals spatulate, reflexed ; stamens 5-6, hardly
shorter than the petals ; styles 3-4-cleft ; stigmas capitate. ^ .
H. Native of Mexico, along with the preceding. R. multi-
florum, H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. but not of Kit.
Kunth's Currant. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
53 R. TRI'STE (Pall. nov. act. petro. 10. p. 378.) leaves 5-
lobed ; branches simple, twiggy, bearing leaves and racemes of
flowers at the apex ; racemes pendulous, both when in flower
and in fruit ; corollas flattish, reddish on the outside, and yel-
lowish inside ; petals revolute. T? . H. Native of Siberia,
on the Mongol Mountains. Berries small, black, insipid. Root
creeping.
/)ar/l-fruited Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1820. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
54 R. GLACIAVLE (Wall. cat. no. 6833.) branches smooth ;
leaves glabrous above, but with a few scattered bristly hairs
beneath, cordate at the base, 3-5-lobed at the apex ; lobes acute,
serrated ; petioles long, serrated at the base ; racemes droop-
190
GROSSULARIEjE. I. RIDES.
ing ; calyx campanulate ; petals longer than the calyx. ^ . H.
Native of Nipaul, on Emodi and Gosaingsthan. Flowers white.
Berries black.
Icy Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. Sh. 4 to 6 feet.
55 R. NIGRUM (Lin. spec. 291.) leaves dotted from glands be-
neath, 3-5-lobed ; racemes loose ; bracteas minute, subulate or
obtuse, much shorter than the pedicels ; petals oblong ; calyx
campanulate, with reflexed segments. I? . H. Native of Europe
and Siberia, in woods ; plentiful in some parts of Britain about the
banks of rivers, in the north of England and in Scotland. Berl.
1. c. t. 2. f. 21. Woodv. med. bot. t. 75. Fl. dan. 556. Blackw.
285. Smith, engl. bot. 1291. R. olidum, Mcench. meth. 683.
Flowers whitish green ; calyx often of a rich brownish red-
colour. Stamens sometimes more than 5, and there are fewer
petals ; so that when there are 10 stamens, there are no petals ;
this change of petals into stamens is just the reverse of the pro-
cess by which single flowers become double ; but it is the only
fact of the kind which has hitherto been observed. Stigmas bifid.
Berries globose, black, glandular. The black currant is a shrub
with smoothish branches, strong smelling leaves, with a solitary
1 -flowered pedicel at the base of each raceme. The flowers
appear in April, and the fruit ripens in June and July, and
changes from a green to a black colour. It is a native of most
parts of Europe, especially the more northern parts. It abounds
in the woods in the north of Russia, and the subalpine regions
of Siberia, where the branches and berries are very large, and
sapid. In Britain it is found in wet hedges, on the banks of
rivers, in alder swamps, and sometimes in woods.
Use. — The fruit, which has a peculiar flavour, and disliked by
some, is seldom brought to the dessert ; but it is eaten in pud-
dings and tarts, and made into jellies and wines. The Russians
put the berries into brandy, and the Irish into whisky, in the
same way as the English put cherries : the Russians also ferment
the juice with honey, and so form a strong and palateable wine.
Many cottagers, who cannot afford to mix green tea with black,
substitute one or two dried leaves of the black currant, the
flavour produced by which few are so acute as to distinguish
from that of the mixture of green and black tea.
The varieties are as follow :
1 Wild black. 2 Black grape, Ogder's black grape. 3 Black
Naples, Cassis of the French ; this is one of the best of black
currants. 4 Green-fruited black; fruit of a dingy colour, of no
value. 5 Russian green.
Propagation. — By cuttings. See gooseberry.
Soil and site. — A moist soft soil, and shady situation ; such as
is afforded by borders of north exposure is preferable. Miller
says, " the fruit is always best when the plants are placed in an
open situation, in light loamy soil."
Final planting. — As only a few plants are in general required
for private gardens, these may be placed at the distance recom-
mended for gooseberries, in the margin of a shady border, or
against a wall of a north exposure. Mr. Neill says, it produces
most fruit as a standard, but the largest berries when trained to
a wall.
Mode of bearing. — The black currant bears chiefly on the
shoots of the preceding year, and also from snags and spurs,
which, however, are less abundant, and of smaller size in the
black currant than in the gooseberry or red currant.
Insects and diseases. — The black currant is seldom attacked
by insects, though, like the elder tree, it has its own variegated
caterpillar, which sometimes reduces it to a state of complete
nudity.
Gathering the fruit. — See red currant.
Forcing. — The black currant may be forced in pots like the
gooseberry. In Russia this is often done for the sake of the
fragrance of the leaves.
Black Currant. Fl. April. Britain. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
56 R. BIEBERSTEINII (Berl. mss. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 482.)
leaves cordate, acutely 3-5-lobed, sharply and doubly serrated,
rather pilose above, and villously tomentose beneath ; serratures
numerous ; racemes nodding ; petals minute. ^ . H. Native
of Caucasus. R. Caucasicum, Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. 160. but not
of Adams. Leaves having a strong scent like those of R. nlgrum.
Berries black.
Bieberstein's Currant. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
57 R. HUDSONIA'NUM (Richards in Frankl. first, journ. ed. 2.
append, p. 6.) branches erect ; leaves 3-lobed, quite glabrous
above, full of resinous dots beneath, and are, as well as the pe-
tioles, villous ; germens dotted ; berries globose, glabrous,
black ; racemes erect, pubescent ; bracteas short ; segments of
the calyx, which is campanulate, spreading. ^ . H. Native of
, North America, from Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains, in
the west, and as far north as lat. 57°. Flowers small ; petals
white. The fruit, and peculiar odour of the plant, are that of R.
ntgrum.
Var. ft ; racemes longer ; calyx smoothish. T? . H. Native
of the north-west coast of America, on the mountains of the
Columbia, about the Kettle Falls. R. petiolare, Doug, in hort.
trans. 7. p. 514.
Hudson's Bay Currant. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
58 R. FLORIDUM (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 4.) leaves full of resinous
glands, 3 or 5-lobed, cordate, double-serrated ; racemes pendu-
lous, pubescent ; bracteas linear, longer than the pedicels ; calyx
tubularly campanulate, glabrous : with the segments obtuse, ami
at length reflexed ; germens and black berries oval-globose, gla-
brous, fy . H. Native throughout Canada ; and of Pennsyl-
vania. Berl. 1. c. t. 2. f. 22. R. nlgrum /3, Lin. spec. 291. R.
Pennsylvanicum, Lam. diet. 3. p. 49. R. recurvatum, Michx. fl.
bor. amer. 1. p. 109. according to Torrey. — Ribesium nlgrum,
&c. Dill. elth. 2. t. 244. f. 315. This is in many respects allied
to R, mgrum, but its more copious, denser flowers, and espe-
cially the long bracteas, and more tubular calyx, will always dis-
tinguish it ; the solitary pedicel too at the base of the flowers is
wanting in this species. Petals oblong, rather erose at the apex.
Flowering Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1729. Sh. 4 to 6 ft.
59 R. INE'BRIANS (Lindl. in bot. reg. 1471.) leaves roundish,
deeply 3-5-lobed, and deeply toothed, truncate at the base,
glandular on both surfaces ; petioles pubescent; peduncles 3-5-
flowered, pendulous ; flowers aggregate ; calyx tubular, glandu-
lar, with the segments recurved. I? • H. Native of North
America. Calyx greenish white, with the tube 4 lines long.
Leaves smelling like those of R. fioridum. The species was
received from Mr. Floy of New York, under the name of in-
toxicating currant, but without any account of its quality. The
berries probably possess some narcotic quality.
Intoxicating Currant. Clt. 1827. Fl. April. Shrub 3 to 4 ft.
60 R. CE'REUM (Dougl. in hort. trans. 7. p. 512. bot. reg.
1263. Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 234.) leaves small, cordate,
lobed, serrated, clothed with glandular pubescence, glabrous,
glaucous, full of white glands above ; racemes pendulous, rather
capitate ; bracteas ovate, adpressed to the germens, which are
glabrous ; flowers nearly sessile, cylindrical, rather angular ;
calycine segments small, reflexed. J? . H. Native of North-
west America, on the banks of the Columbia, and its southern
tributary streams, from the Great Falls to the Rocky Mountains,
in gravelly or sandy soil. In the small foliage, and few-flow-
ered racemes, this species resembles the gooseberry tribe, but
without any thorns. The flowers are rather large and white,
with a slight tinge of green, rather downy. White waxy dots
like scales cover the upper surface of the leaf, whence the speci-
fic name.
Waxy-leaved Currant. Fl. April. Clt. 1827. Shrub 2 to 3 ft.
8
GROSSULARIE^E. I. RIBES.
191
61 R. VISCOSI'SSIMUM (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 153.) leaves
cordate, obtuse, S-5-lobed, deeply crenated, viscid from glandu-
lar pubescence : glands on both surfaces ; racemes erect, corym-
bose ; bracteas linear-obovate, rather shorter than the pedicels,
which are clothed with glandular hairs ; calyx tubularly campa-
nulate, with erectly spreading obtuse segments ; germens and
fruit ovate-oblong, clothed with viscid hairs. Pj . H. Native of
North America, on the Rocky Mountains, and in dry plains in
partially shaded places towards the sources of the Columbia ;
also on the summits of the hills near the Spokan and Kettle
Falls, at an elevation of 8000 feet above the sea. Hook. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 234. t. 74. Berries oblong-ovate, black. Flowers
large, pale yellowish green. This is a very fine and remarkable
species.
Very-clammy Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1826. Shrub
4 to 8 feet.
* * Flowers deep red.
62 R. ATROPURPU REUM (Meyer in Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t.
231. fl. alt. 1. p. 268.) stem erect ; leaves pubescent, nearly or-
bicular, cordate, 3-5-lobed ; lobes acute, serrated ; racemes
drooping ; pedicels exceeding the bracteas ; calyxes campanu-
late, ciliated ; berries glabrous, bractless. ^ . H. Native of
Altaia, on mountains and subalpine places at the river Ursal,
also at the river Tscharysch. Berries dark purple, size of those
of the common currant.
Far. o ; flowers deep purple ; leaves rather pubescent be-
neath, but smooth and glabrous above, as well as the branches.
Far. ft ; leaves rather pubescent beneath, but hispid from
bristles above, as well as the petioles and stems. Near the river
Volschoi Ulegumen.
Far. y ; flowers paler ; leaves pubescent above, but most so
below ; branches smooth.
Dark-purple-&owered Currant,
to 6 feet.
63 R. SANGUI'NEUM (Pursh. fl.
amer. sept. 1. p. 164.) leaves cor-
date, somewhat 5-lobed, serrated,
veiny,smoothish above,but clothed
with villous tomentum beneath ;
racemes drooping, pubescent,
twice the length of the leaves ;
calyx tubularly campanulate, with
oblong obtuse spreading seg-
ments, exceeding the petals, which
are red, and quite entire ; brac-
teas obovate-spatulate ; berries
turbinate, hairy. Jj . H. Native
of the north-west coast of Ame-
rica, in abundance from lat. 38°
to 52°, usually growing in rocky
situations by the sides of streams.
Dougl. in hort. trans. 7. t. 13. bot. reg. 1349. Sweet, fl. gard.
n. s. t. 109. R. malvaceum, Smith in Rees' cycl. This is per-
haps the most ornamental species of the genus, bearing a profu-
sion of large racemes of deep rose-coloured flowers, and is there-
fore well adapted for ornamenting shrubberies and pleasure
grounds. The berries are brownish black and bitter, completely
destitute of the pulpy substance common to most of the species
of the tribe.
.B/oocfy-flowered Currant. Fl. April. Clt. 1826. Shrub 4
to 8 feet.
SECT. V. SYMPHOCA'LYX (from <7t>yu^vw, symphuo, to join toge-
ther, and icaXv£, calyx, a calyx ; in reference to the calyx being
tubular in all the species belonging to this section). Berl. 1. c. t. 2.
Fl. April, May. Shrub 4
FIG. 33.
D. C. prod. 3. p. 483. Calyx tubular, yellow. Racemes many-
flowered. Leaves compassing in the bud. Unarmed shrubs.
64 R. AT/REUM (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 164.) quite gla-
brous ; leaves 3-lobed ; lobes divaricate, with a few deep teeth,
shorter than the petioles, which are ciliated at the base ; calyxes
tubular, longer than the pedicels : tube slender : segments ob-
long, obtuse ; petals linear, much shorter than the calycine seg-
ments ; bracteas linear, length of the pedicels ; style entire ;
berries glabrous. J? . H. Native of North-west America, in
light gravelly soils, from the Great Falls of the Columbia River
to the mountains, and on the southern branches. Berl. 1. c. t. 2.
f. 23. Flowers golden yellow. Fruit yellow, seldom black, and
of an exquisite flavour.
Far. a, prce'cox (Lindl. in hort. trans. 7. p. 242.) flowers
earlier ; leaves cuneated at the base, pubescent beneath ; lobes
deeply serrated ; berries copious, earlier, turbinate ; racemes
bracteate. Tj • H. Native of North America.
Far. ft, villosum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 483.) leaves rather vil-
lous. R. longiflorum, Fraser, cat. 1813.
Far. y, serotinum (Lindl. 1. c.) flowers late ; leaves of various
forms, smoothish beneath ; lobes deeply serrated ; berries few,
late, round ; racemes naked, t; • H. Native of North Ame-
rica.
GoWen-flowered Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812. Shrub
6 to 8 feet.
65 R. TENUIFLORUM (Lindl. in hort. trans. 7. p. 242. bot.
reg. 1274.) unarmed, quite glabrous; leaves roundish, 3-lobed,
mealy ; lobes bluntly toothed at the apex ; racemes pendulous,
many-flowered ; calyx tubular, glabrous, longer than the pedi-
cels, coloured ; petals quite entire, linear, one-half shorter than
the segments of the calyx, which are oblong and obtuse ; bracteas
linear, length of the pedicels ; berries glabrous. J? . H. Native
of North America, common on the rocky tracts of the Columbia,
near the head waters of the Missouri. R. aureum, Colla, hort.
rip. append. 3. t. 1. f. A. R. flavum, Berl. in D. C. prod. 3. p.
483. R. Missouriensis, Hort. In habit this species is more
erect than R. aureum, and has the young wood more thinly clothed
with leaves ; its whole appearance is also paler 'during the early
part of the season. The flowers are not more than half the size
of those of R. aureum, and have entire, not notched petals. The
fruit is the size of a red currant, of an agreeable flavour, but
possessing little acidity.
Far. a, fructu-riigro ; berries changing from yellow to red,
and finally acquires a deep blackish purple-colour.
Far. ft, fructu-Iuteo ; fruit yellow, always retaining the same
colour.
SWer-flowered Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812. Sh.
6 to 8 feet.
66 R. FLA'VUM (Coll. hort. ripul. append. 3. p. 4. t. 1. f. /3.)
unarmed, quite glabrous ; young leaves 3-lobed : adult ones
usually 5-lobed, deeply toothed, about equal in length to the
ciliated petioles ; racemes short, 4-5-flowered ; calyx tubular,
much longer than the pedicels ; tube slender : segments rather
spatulate, reflexed ; petals one-half shorter than the calycine
segments ; bracteas elliptic ; berries oblong, glabrous. fj . H.
Native of North America. R. aureum y sangumeum, Lindl. in
hort. trans. 7. p. 242. R. palmatum, Desf. hort. par. R. au-
reum, Ker, bot. reg. t. 125. but not of Pursh. Flowers yellow.
Yellow-flowered Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812. Shrub
6 to 8 feet.
Cult. All the species of Kibes grow well in any kind of soil,
and all root freely from cuttings planted in autumn, or early in
spring. Those species, natives of Chili, Peru, Mexico, and
other parts of South America, require shelter in severe weather.
Some of the species are well adapted for ornamenting shrub-
beries and pleasure grounds. But the most ornamental and
192
ESCALLONE&. I. ESCALLONIA.
most worthy of cultivation are R. speciosum, R. Menziesii, R.
sfinguineum, R. alropurpureum, and R. aiireum.
ORDER CXIX. ESCALLO'NEvE (plants agreeing with Es-
callonia in important characters). R. Brown, in Franklin's voy.
p. 7(i6. (1824.). Saxifrageae, Sect. I. Escallonieae, D. C. prod.
4. p. 4.
Calyx superior, 5-toothed (f. 84. b. f. 35. a.). Corolla of 5
petals (f. 34. e. f. 35. &.), alternating with the calycine segments,
from within which they rise, forming by their cohesion a tube
(f. 34. e.), but finally separating from each other (f. 35. b.), im-
bricate in aestivation. Stamens arising from the calyx (f. 35. b.),
alternating with the petals (f. 35. 6.) ; anthers bursting length-
wise. Disk conical, epigynous (f. 34. c.), plaited, surrounding
the base of the style (f. 34. c.). Ovarium inferior (f. 34. a.),
2-celled, with 2 large polypernous placentas (f. 34./.) in the
axis. Style simple (f. 34. d.). Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit cap-
sular, 2-celled, crowned by the style and calyx (f. 34. a. b. c.
d.), which are permanent, splitting by the separation of the
cells at their base. Seeds numerous, minute, with a trans-
parent membranous integument. Embryo minute, in the apex
of an oily albumen, having the radicle pointing to the extremity
opposite the hilum. — Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, exsti-
pulate, simple, full of resinous glands. Flowers axillary, con-
spicuous, white, rarely reddish.
This order is distinguished from Grossulariece by the cohering
petals, and by the radicle being at the extremity of the seed,
opposite the hylum ; the albumen is also oily, not horny, and
the placentas are not parietal ; from Philadelphece they are
known by their glandular leaves and minme_4fcbryo ; from Vac-
ciniece, by the final separation of the petals, zmd by the anthers.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 ESCALLONIA. Limb of calyx 5-toothed or 5-lobed (f. 34.
b.). Stigma peltate, 2-lobed (f. 34. d.). Capsule baccate (f.
34.y.), somewhat 2-celled, opening by pores at the base. Seeds
scrobiculate.
2 QuiNTiNiA. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Stigma peltately
capitate, 4-5-lobed. Capsule 3-celled. Seeds compressed.
3 FORGE'SIA. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Style finally di-
visible into 2 parts ; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule 2-celled, dehiscing
between the parts of the style.
4 ANOPTERUS. Calyx 6-lobed (f. 35. a.). Petals and sta-
mens 6 (f. 35. &.). Stigma bifid (f. 35. e.). Capsule 1-celled,
2-valved (f. 35. d.). Seeds compressed, furnished with a wing
at the top.
5 ITE'A. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigma capitate. Style finally di-
visible into 2 parts. Capsule compressed, 2-celled, separable
into 2 parts.
I. ESCALLO'NIA (in honour of Escallon, a Spaniard, a
traveller in South America, who found the first species of this
genus in New Granada). Mutis, in Lin. fil. suppl. p. 21.
Vent, choix. p. 54. Gsertn. fr. carp. 3. p. 16. t. 182. H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 294. D. C. prod. 4. p. 2. Ste-
reoxylon, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. prod. p. 38. — Escallbnia, Rcem.
et Schultes, syst. 5. no. 956. exclusive of Imbricdria.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx semi-
globose, adnate to the ovarium (f. 34. a.) ; limb 5-toothed or
5-lobed (f. 34. 6.). Petals 5, arising from the calyx. Stamens
5 ; anthers ovate-oblong. Style filiform, permanent. Stigma
peltate (f. 34. d.), somewhat 2-lobed by a furrow. Capsule
baccate (f. 34. f.), crowned by the calycine lobes and the style
(f. 34. b. c. d.), somewhat 2-celled, dehiscing irregularly by
pores at the base ; dissepiment incomplete at the top, and there-
fore placentiferous. Seeds very numerous, scrobiculate. — Trees
and shrubs, natives of South America, especially Chili, usually
full of resinous glands. Leaves scattered, serrated, or entire.
Flowers terminal, bracteate, variously disposed, white or red.
In many of the species there is present a conical pervious urceo-
lus, girding the base of the style ; for this reason the species
of the genus may hereafter be formed into sections.
* Pedicels solitary, \-fiorvered.
1 E. SERRA'TA (Smith, icon. ined. 2. p. 31.) shrub glabrous,
erectish ; leaves obovate, obtuse, serrated, veinless beneath
(except the middle nerve) ; flowers terminal, solitary ; petals
oblong, tongue-shaped. ^ . F. Native of the Straits of Ma-
gellan, at Terra del Fuego. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 326.
Stereoxylon serratum, Poir. diet. 7. p. 435. Flowers white.
Serrated-leaved Escallonia. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
2 E. MYRTILLOIDES (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 156.) shrub glabrous;
branches spreading much ; leaves obovate-oblong, acutish, cre-
nately serrulated, veiny ; flowers terminal, solitary ; petals spa-
tulate. I? . F. Native of New Granada, every where on the
Andes, in cold places. Smith, icon. ined. 2. t. 30. H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 294. Stereoxylon patens, Ruiz,
et Pav. fl. per. 3. t. 234. f. 6. but the leaves and flowers are
larger.
Myrtle-like Escallonia. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
3 E. ALPINA (Pcepp. pi. exsic. no. 820.) branches glabrous :
leaves obovate, narrowed into short petioles, serrated at the
apex, densely clothed with fine down beneath, and with scattered
down above ; flowers axillary, solitary, on short pedicels ; tube
of calyx puberulous, with subulate teeth ; petals oblong-tongue-
shaped. 1? . F. Native of Chili, on the higher mountains.
Flowers white.
Alpine Escallonia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
4 E. TORTUOSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 295.)
shrub glabrous ; branches spreading, twisted ; leaves obovate,
acute, reticulately veined, glandularly crenated, rather shining ;
flowers nearly terminal, solitary ; lobes of calyx quite entire.
\l . F. Native in very rough mountainous places, on the Andes
about Quito. Flowers white. Allied to E. myrtilloides and
E. corymbosa. Fruit almost the size of that of Vaccmium
myrtillus.
Twisted Escallonia. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
5 E. BERBERIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
296.) shrub glabrous ; branches spreading ; leaves obovate,
bluntish, crenulately denticulated, reticulately veined ; flowers
terminal, solitary ; lobes of calyx quite entire ; petals rather
spatulate. (? . F. Native on the Andes, about Quito. Flowers
white. Perhaps only a variety of E. tortuosa, according to the
authors.
Barberry-leaved Escallonia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
6 E. COUYMBOSA (Pers. ench. 1 . p. 234.) shrub glabrous ;
branches erectish ; leaves oblong, acute, serrulated ; flowers
terminal, solitary ; lobes of calyx denticulated ; petals oblong.
Tj . F. Native of Peru, in cold humid places, on high hills,
where it is called Siuba by the natives. Stereoxylon corvm-
bosum, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 14. t. 234. f. a. Peduncles
ESCALLONEjE. I. ESCALLONIA.
193
straight, bearing 1 leaf each, just under the calyx. Petals white,
spreadingly reflexed. Stigma peltate.
Corymbose-fiowered Escallonia. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
7 E. VIRGA'TA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 234.) shrub glabrous;
branches erect ; leaves obovate, acute, serrulated, veinless ; pe-
duncles nearly terminal, 1 -flowered ; lobes of calyx denticulated ;
petals obovate. T? . F. Native of South America, on moun-
tains, and in humid woods in the province of Rere, near Naci-
miento. Stereoxylon virgatum, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 14.
t. 235. f. 6. Stem much branched ;~ branches cinereous, grey,
rather spinose. Flowers white.
Twiggy Escallonia. Shrub 5 to 10 feet.
8 E. PUNCTA'TA (D, C. prod. 4. p. 3.) shrub smoothish ;
branches erectish ; leaves obovate obtuse, or lanceolate acu-
minated, serrated, full of resinous dots beneath ; pedicels 1-
flowered, arising from the axils of the upper leaves, each bear-
ing 2 linear bracteoles ; lobes of calyx long, denticulated. Ij .
F. Native of South America. Allied to E. virgala, but differs
in the leaves being dotted beneath ; to E. rubra, but the flowers
are on axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered pedicels. In this and in E.
rubra the urceolus is conical and pervious at the apex, 10-angled,
and 10-toothed, girding the style at the base.
Dotted-\ea\e& Escallonia. Shrub 5 to 8 feet.
9 E. FLORIDA (Pcepp. pi. exsic. no. 843. ex D. C. prod. 3.
p. GCti.) shrub glabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminated at
both ends, with a few serratures, crowded ; flowers on short
pedicels, arising from the axils of the upper leaves, solitary,
collected into an ovate raceme ; limb of calyx 5-cleft, with ob-
tuse recesses and acute lobes ; petals obovate, on short claws,
fj . F. Native of Chili, probably on the mountains. Leaves
8-9 lines long, and 1 J line broad. Petals with obscure veins,
which are pinnately disposed.
Florid Escallonia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
* * Flowers disposed in terminal racemes or panicles.
10 E. RUBRA (Pers. ench. FIG. 34.
2. p. 235.) shrub smoothish;
branches erect, when young
clothed with glandular villi ; leaves
obovate-oblong, acuminated, ser-
rated, full of resinous dots be-
neath ; peduncles 2-7-flowered,
bracteate ; lobes of calyx denti-
culated ; petals spatulate. Tj . F.
Native of Chili, on the mountains
at Colocolo, in the fissures of
rocks, and about Valparaiso.
Hook. bot. mag. 2890. Stere-
oxylon rubrum, Ruiz et Pav. fl.
per. 3. t. 236. f. b. Petals red,
conniving, but spreading a little
at the apex. (f. 34. e.)
Var. a, glabriuscula (Hook, et Am. in bot. misc. 3. p. 252.)
branches glandular, hardly pubescent ; leaves glabrous ; flowers
red. Jj . F. Native of Chili, near La Guardia, on the Andes
of Chili, and about Valparaiso.
Var. ft, albiflora (Hook.et Arn. 1. c.) flowers white. Tj . F. E.
glanduldsa, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1291. Native of Chili ; and the
province of Maule.
Var. y, pubescens (Hook, et Arn. 1. c.) branches hardly glan-
dular, but clothed with villous pubescence ; leaves pubescent
on both surfaces, but more so beneath ; flowers red. fj . F.
Native of the Andes of Chili. The leaves of all the varieties
are spotted beneath with resinous dots.
VOL. III.
^erf-flowered Escallonia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1827. Shrub
3 to 6 feet.
11 E. POJPPIGIA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 3.) shrub smoothish ;
branchlets pubescent, rather clammy ; leaves oval, acute, taper-
ing into the petiole, serrated, full of resinous dots beneath,
rather clammy above ; pedicels 1 -flowered, disposed in a few-
flowered, terminal raceme ; calyx glandular, with the tube drawn
out beyond the ovarium : teeth subulate ; petals erect, oblong.
fy . F. Native of Chili. E. rubra, Pcepp. pi. exsic. no. 81.
Flowers red. Like E. rubra, but differs in the peduncles being
1-flowered, in the teeth of the calyx being subulate, in the ur-
ceolus not being prominent, and in the style being equal in length
to the petals. There is a long-leaved variety of this, or a species,
which was collected on the mountains in Chili, where it is called
by the natives Ripa.
Pceppig's Escallonia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
12 E. MACRA'NTHA (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 251.)
branches pubescent, glandular ; leaves ovate-elliptic, bluntish,
cuneated at the base, glabrous, full of resinous dots beneath,
bluntly crenate -serrated ; lower peduncles simple, axillary:
upper ones racemose; bracteoles wanting, or very minute;
calycine teeth subulate. fj . F. Native of Chiloe. Petals
connivent. The flowers are larger and the leaves broader than
in E. rubra.
Large-flowered Escallonia. Shrub.
13 E. MYRTOI'DEA (Bert, in lift, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 66C.)
shrub glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, serrated, attenuated at the
base ; racemes terminal, nearly simple, hardly longer than the
leaves ; limb of calyx campanulate, 5-cleft : lobes subulate, re-
flexed; petals obovate, on long claws. Pj . F. Native of Chili,
at the river Cachapual near Rancagua, where it is commonly
called Lun. The calyx agrees with that of E. rcvoluta, but dif-
fers in the whole plant being smooth, and in many other points.
Myrtle-like Escallonia. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
14 E. ILLINI'TA (Presl, in reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 49. t. 59.) quite
glabrous ; branches spreading, anointed with resin ; leaves pe-
tiolate, obovate or oblong, obtuse, crenulated, attenuated at the
base, beset with glandular dots above, and clammy ; panicle ter-
minal, many-flowered, leafy ; calycine segments acuminated,
quite entire ; petals on long claws ; capsule turbinate, 5-nerved ;
style furnished with a 10-toothed, 10-angled, pervious, cylin-
drical urceolus at the base, as in most of the species. lj . F.
Native of the Cordillera of Chili.
Var. a ; leaves beset with shining resinous dots on both sur-
faces, but especially beneath. Tj . F. Native of Chili, in El
Arroyo de Los Lanes, Valle del Rio Tinguiririca, where it is
called by the natives Lun.
Var. /3 ; leaves bearing minute glands beneath. Tj . F. Na-
tive of Chili, in La Siente Vieja, and La Cuesta de Chacabuco,
and La Laguna near Valparaiso, where it is called by the
natives Araca or Arayan. This variety is perhaps a distinct
species ; the glands beneath sometimes pass into a kind of pu-
bescence.
Anointed Escallonia. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
15 E. ARGU'TA (Presl, reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 48. t. 58.) quite
glabrous ; branches erect ; leaves obovate or oblong-lanceolate,
mucronate, sharply serrated, attenuated into the petiole, disco-
loured beneath ; panicle terminal, many flowered ; rachis pubes-
cent ; segments of calyx acute, quite entire ; petals spatulate,
on long claws ; capsule turbinate, 10-nerved. (7 . F. Native
of Chili, at San Gabriel, La Guardia, and La Cuesta del Inga;
Andes of Chili ; and Valle del Rio Claro. Lun is its vernacular
name. E. microcarpa, Gill. mss. E. reflexa, Gill. mss. E.
myrtoidea, Gill. mss. hardly of Bertero. The raceme is very
compact, and the flowers nearly sessile. Perhaps afterwards it
may prove a mere state of M. rubra.
Cc
194
ESCALLONEjE. I. ESCALLONIA.
(S^arp-serrate-leaved Escallonia. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
16 E. RESINOSA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 235.) shrub glabrous;
branches erect ; branchlets anointed with resin ; leaves oblong,
obovate, hardly narrowed at the base, sessile, glandularly serru-
lated ; panicles few-flowered, terminal ; lobes of calyx quite en-
tire ; petals obovate-oblong. ^ • F'« Native of Peru, on the
cold parts of hills. H.B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 296.
Stereoxylon resinosum, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 14. t. 235. f.
2. Style permanent, hardly longer than the fruit.
jResinous-branched Escallonia. Tree 10 to 20 feet.
17 E. GRAHAMIA'NA (Gill. mss. ex Hook, et Arn. in bot.
misc. p. 253.) plant glabrous ; branches straight, angular, rather
resinous ; leaves elliptic-oblong, bluntish, a little attenuated at
the base, crenate-serrated, beset with a few resinous dots be-
neath ; flowers in compact panicles, on short pedicels ; fruit ob-
conical ; calycine segments subulate. T? . F. Native of Chili,
in El Valle del Rio Tinquiririca. The branches of the panicle
contain each 3 or 4 flowers, on pedicels hardly a line in length.
The fruit or tube of the calyx is about twice as long as it is
broad, and twice or thrice the length of the pedicels.
Graham's Escallonia. Shrub.
18 E. SELLOWIA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 4.) shrub glabrous ;
branches erect ; leaves lanceolate, tapering into the petiole at the
base, serrated, full of resinous dots beneath ; panicles many
flowered, terminal ; teeth of calyx short, quite entire ; petals
spatulate. Tj . F. Native of Brazil. E. resinosa var. dodo-
naeifolia, Cham, in Linnaea. 1. p. 545. Very like E. resinosa.
Style hardly longer than the fruit. Flowers white.
Var. ft, spirceifblia (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves obovate, obtuse,
tapering into the petiole at the base. Jj . S. Native of Brazil.
E. resinosa spiraeifolia, Cham, in litt.
Sello's Escallonia. Tree 10 to 20 feet.
19 E. CALLCOTTI.S: (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 252.)
branches smoothish, glandless ; leaves ovate, oblong, oval or
roundish, acute at both ends, petiolate, glabrous, glandless, with
sharp adpressed serratures ; flowers panicled ; petals erect, on
long claws; teeth of calyx subulate. Tj . F. Native of Juan
Fernandez, where it was collected by Mrs. Callcott, late Mrs.
Maria Graham. The lower peduncles of the raceme are
branched, thus forming a panicle. The toothed urceolus at the
base of the style is not so conspicuous in this as in other species
of the genus.
Callcott 's Escallonia. Shrub.
20 E. MONTEVIDE'NSIS (D. C. 1. c. p. 4.) shrub glabrous ;
branches erect ; leaves oblong, cuneated at the base, acutish,
finely serrated, full of resinous dots beneath ; panicle terminal,
many-flowered, crowded, intermixed with foliaceous bracteas ;
lobes of calyx acute, rather denticulated ; petals obovate-oblong.
Tj . F. Native of Brazil, in many places, but especially on the
sandy banks and pastures of the Uruquay. E. floribunda var.
ft, Montevidensis, Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 543. Lindl. bot.
reg. 1467. E. bifida. Link et Otto, abbild. t. 23. Flowers
white, very like those of the hawthorn. Style permanent, double
the length of the fruit after flowering.
Monte-Video Escallonia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1827. Shrub
6 to 10 feet.
21 E. FLORIBU'NDA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
297.) shrub glabrous; branches, covered with clammy resin;
leaves oblong, obtuse, finely crenulated or quite entire, membra-
nous ; corymbs terminal, rather panicled, much branched, leafy;
teeth of calyx acute ; petals obovate-spatulate. T? . F. Native
of New Granada, on the Andes. Style length of the stamens.
Leaves when young clammy and shining above. Flowers white.
This species is said to come near E. cuneifblia.
Bundle-flowered Escallonia. Tree 10 to 20 feet.
22 E. CARACASA'NA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
8
297.) shrub glabrous ; branchlets scattered, somewhat trigonal ;
leaves oblong, acute, cuneated at the base, petiolate, finely cre-
nulated, membranous ; panicle terminal, many-flowered, leafy ;
teeth of calyx acute ; petals obovately spatulate. Tj . G. Na-
tive of South America, in temperate places near Caraccas.
Flowers white. Style shorter than the stamens. Very like E.
floribunda.
Caraccas Escallonia. Tree 12 to 20 feet.
23 E. SPECTA'BILIS (Hort. monac. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 4.)
branchlets pubescent : leaves oblong or elliptic, somewhat cu-
neated at the base, obtuse at the apex, serrulated, glabrous ;
panicle short, thyrsoid ; bracteoles and lobes of calyx acute,
somewhat serrated by black glands ; petals obovate-spatulate.
T? . F. Native country unknown. Flowers red. Style length
of the stamens. E. glandu!6sa, Lodd. bot. cab. 1291.
Showy Escallonia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 182.7. Sh. 3 to 6 feet.
24 E. PANICULA'TA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 328.)
shrub glabrous ; branches angular, rather clammy ; leaves lan-
ceolate-oblong, obsoletely serrulated ; peduncles racemosely
panicled ; teeth of calyx very short ; petals obovate. J? . F.
Native of Peru, in the groves of Pillao. Stereoxylon panicu-
latum, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 16. t. 238. f. b. Flowers
white. Style very short. Calyx nearly entire.
Pamcferf-flowered Escallonia. Shrub 5 to 8 feet.
25 E, ANGUSTipfrnA (Presl, in reliq. Hsenk. 2. p. 47.) gla-
brous ; branches erect, glandular, resinous ; leaves petiolate,
linear-lanceolate, obtuse, dotted with glands, and glandularly
serrulated, narrowed at the base ; panicle terminal, many-flow-
ered ; segments of the calyx entire ; style exceeding the capsule.
Jj . F. Native of Peru. Style naked at the base, not furnished
with an urceolus, as in those formerly named Stereoxylon.
Narrow-leaved Escallonia. Shrub.
26 E. MULTIFLORA (Presl, in Haenk. reliq. 2. p. 48. t. 57.)
glabrous ; branches spreading ; branchlets glandular and gluti-
nous ; leaves nearly sessile, obovate, mucronate, glandularly
serrulated, pale beneath, and glandularly ciliated at the base ;
panicles terminal, many flowered ; teeth of calyx obtuse, quite
entire ; petals obovate ; style equal in length to the ovarium,
which is pubescent, tj . F. Native of Chili and Peru. Style
naked at the base, as in the last species.
Many-flonered Escallonia. Shrub.
27 E. FLAVE'SCENS (Presl, in reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 48.) quite
glabrous ; branches erect ; leaves obovate, recurvedly acumi-
nated, glandularly serrulated, and pinnately veined, attenuated at
the base ; flowers terminal and axillary, sessile ; teeth of calyx
acuminated, glandular; capsule turbinate, 10-nerved. Tj . F.
Native of the Cordillera of Chili. Style furnished with an ur-
ceolus at the base.
Yellowish Escallonia. Shrub.
28 E. CUNEIFOLIA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 328.)
branches spreading ; leaves oblong-wedge-shaped, serrulated,
nearly sessile, whitish beneath ; panicle terminal, rather corym-
bose, hairy ; teeth of calyx small ; petals obovate, obsoletely
crenulated. f? . F. Native of Peru, in woods on the Andes, at
Chincao. Stereoxylon cuneif61ium, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p.
16. t. 238. f. a.
Wedge-leaved Escallonia. Shrub 5 to 8 feet.
29 E. DI'SCOLOR (Vent, choix. t. 54.) branchlets rather pubes-
cent ; leaves cuneiformly lanceolate, somewhat crenulated, or
quite entire, of a different colour beneath, having the middle
nerve hairy ; panicles terminal, many flowered; calyx puberu-
lous ; petals obovate. 17 . F. Native of New Granada, on the
Andes. Stereoxylon discolor, Poir. diet. 5. p. 246. E. Tubar
Muds ex Humb. tabl. nat. 1. p. 113. Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 299. Flowers white. Style length of the petals, shorter
than in any other species, rather conical at the base, striated.
ESCALLONEjE. 1. ESCALLONIA. II. QUINTINIA. III. FORGESIA. IV. ANOPTERUS.
195
Discoloured-leaved Escallonia. Clt. 1820. Shrub 6 to 8 ft.
30 E. REVOLU'TA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 235.) shrub hairy in every
part ; branches erect, very hairy, but smoothish in the adult
state ; leaves obovate, denticulated, revolute ; raceme thyrsoid ;
teeth of calyx subulate ; petals linear-spatulate. tj . F. Native
of Chili, in shady moist places, and on the banks of rivulets
about Conception, Valparaiso and Quillota, where it is called
Liun or Lun by the inhabitants, and Siete Camisas. Stereoxy-
lon revolutum, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 15. t. 236. f. a.
Flowers white ?
Revolute-\eaved Escallonia. Tree 10 to 20 feet.
31 E. PULVERULE'NTA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 235.) shrub hairy in
every part ; branches rather erect, somewhat trigonal ; leaves el-
liptic, obtuse, on short petioles, serrulated, rather clammy above
when young ; racemes terminal, spike-formed, erect ; teeth of
calyx spreading ; petals obovate. ^ • F. Native of Chili, be-
tween Conception and the tract of Carcano, where it is called
Mardogno by the natives, and about Valparaiso. Poepp. pi.
exsic. no. 79. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 1. p. 541. Stereoxy-
lon pulverulentum, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 15. t. 237. a.
Flowers white, nearly globose, when in the bud. The style
is shorter in this than in any other species.
Powdered Escallonia. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
32 E. BERTERIA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 666.) shrub glabrous,
clammy from resin ; leaves elliptic, petiolate, serrated, shining
above ; racemes spicate, terminal, simple, twice the length of the
leaves; calyxes shining and clammy, 5-cleft ; petals elliptic-ob-
long, sessile. fj . F. Native of Chili, on the banks of rivers,
and in valleys on the mountains, as at La Guardia del Maypu,
banks of Rio Maule, Valle del RioTinquiririca, and Causa Blanca,
and in woods near Rancagua. E. resinosum, Bertero in litt.
Leaves 2-j to 3 inches long, and 1^ broad. Petioles 3 lines
long. Vernacular name of the shrub Corantillo.
Bertero s Escallonia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
33 E. CHLOROPHY'LLA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1.
p. 542.) shrub glabrous ; branches rather angular ; leaves ob-
ovate-cuneated, mucronulate, quite entire, of a greyish white
colour ; racemes terminal, clothed with powdery down ; bracteas
about equal in length to the peduncles; petals obovately spatu-
late. 17 . F. Native of Brazil. Flowers white ?
Green-leaved Escallonia. Shrub.
34 E. PE'NDULA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 235.) branches erectly
spreading, rather clammy when young ; leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, acute, finely crenulated, hairy beneath, but especially on
the nerves ; racemes terminal, spike-formed, pendulous ; calyx
hairy, with the teeth acute ; petals linear-spatulate. Jj . F.
Native of Peru, in groves ; and on the Andes about Loxa, near
Gonzanama. Stereoxylon pendulum, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p.
16. t. 237. f. b. E. pendula, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.
3. p. 298. Perhaps the plant from Loxa is the same as that
from Peru. Flowers white.
Pendulous-racemed Escallonia. Tree 10 to 14 feet.
35 E. HI'RTA (Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 329.)
leaves obovate-oblong, almost quite entire, glabrous ; panicle
terminal; peduncles hairy, f} . H. Native of South America,
where it is said to have been gathered by Humboldt and Bon-
pland, but it is not mentioned in the nov. gen. amer.
Hairy Escallonia. Shrub.
Cult. All the species of Escallonia are very fine ever-green
shrubs ; they grow best in a mixture of peat, sand, and loam ;
and cuttings strike readily in mould or sand under a hand glass.
Most of the species will probably be found sufficiently hardy to
stand in the open air in our climate, provided they are planted
in a warm sheltered situation, particularly against a south wall
or hot-house ; and in winter they may be protected by throwing
a mat over them.
II. QUINTI'NIA (in memory of La Quintinie, who has writ-
ten on gardening). Alph. D. C. in monog. campan. Paris, 1830,
p. 92. D. C. prod. 4. p. 5.
LIN. SYST. Pentundria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx adhering
to the ovarium, marked by 10 nerves; limb 5-toothed, perma-
nent. Petals 5, obovate. Stamens 5. Style columnar, fili-
form ; stigma peltately capitate, 4-5-lobed. Capsule crowned
by the style and calycine teeth, 3-celled, with the dissepiments
hardly complete ; cells many-seeded. Seeds small, ovate, com-
pressed.— Shrub smooth. Leaves alternate, petiolate, oval, acu-
minated at the apex, attenuated at the base, quite entire, coria-
ceous. Panicles terminal, composed of spreading racemose
branches. Pedicels spreading, shorter than the fruit.
1 Q. SIEBE'RI (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) Jj . F. Native of New
Holland. — Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 261.
Sieber's Quintinia. Shrub.
Cult. See Escallonia above for culture and propagation.
III. FORGE'SIA (in honour of M. Desforges, Governor of
the Isle of Bourbon, when Commerson investigated the veget-
ation of that country). Comm. in Juss. gen. p. 164. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 5. — Deffbrgia, Lam. ill. t. 125.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx turbinate,
adnate to the ovarium ; limb 5-parted : lobes lanceolate. Petals
5, inserted in the calyx, linear-lanceolate, approximate at the
very base, hardly longer than the calyx, somewhat valvate in
aestivation. Stamens 5, erect ; anthers ovate. Style filiform,
finally separable into 2 parts ; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule half
adnate, crowned by the erect separated styles, 2-celled, many-
seeded, opening between the styles. — Tree small, quite glabrous.
Leaves alternate, coriaceous, lanceolate, attenuated at both ends,
on short petioles, serrated. Racemes terminal, few-flowered,
bracteate at the base of the pedicels.
1 F. BORBO'NICA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 194.) Jj.G. Native of
the Island of Bourbon, in the high woods above the plains of the
Caffres. Defforgia Borbonica, Lam. ill. p. 59. t. 125. Poir.
suppl. 2. p. 460. Forgesia racemosa, Gmel. syst. veg. 1. p. 353.
Bourbon Forgesia. Tree 20 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Escallonia above.
IV. ANO'PTERUS (from avta, ano, upwards, and irrepov,
pteron, a wing ; in reference to the seeds, which are winged
at the apex). Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 86. t. 112. R. Br. in
Frankl. narr. journ. 756. verm, schrift. 1. p. 545.
LIN. SYST. Hexandria, Digynia. Tube of calyx turbinate (f.
35. a.), adnate to the ovarium at the base; lobes 6, short, acute,
permanent. Petals 6 (f. 35. 6.), alternating with the calycine
lobes, and inserted in the calyx. Stamens 6 (f. 35. b.), inserted
with the petals, shorter, and alternating with them. Style short ;
stigma bifid (f. 35. c.). Capsule
oblong, 1 -celled, 2-valved (f. 35.
d.) ; valves opening from the
apex to the base, with the pla-
centas at the margins (f. 35.
e.). Seed ovate, compressed, fur-
nished with a wing at the top. —
Tree, quite glabrous. Leaves
alternate, rarely nearly oppo-
site, ovate-oblong, attenuated at
both ends, nearly sessile, coria-
ceous, callously toothed. Racemes
simple, terminal. Flowers some-
times 7-cleft.
1 A. GLANDDLOSA (Labill. 1.
c.) ^2 • F- Native of Van Die-
men's Land. Flowers white, (f.
35.)
c c 2
FIG. 35.
196
ESCALLONE.E. V. ITEA. CUNONIACE7E.
Glandular Anopterus. Tree 25 feet.
Cult. See Escallonia, p. 195. for culture and propagation.
V. I'TEA (trea, itea, is the Greek name of the willow ; given
to this genus on account of the quick growth of the 7. Virgi-
nica). Lin. gen. 275. Rich, in Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 156.
Gasrtn. fruct. 3. p. 142. t. 209. f. 4. D. C. prod. 4. p. 6.
— Diconangia, Michx. gen. p. 5. Adans. fam. 2. p. 165. —
Cedrela, Lour, but not of Lin.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx regular, perma-
nent, campanulate, 5-cleft, with the recesses obtuse, and the
teeth subulate. Petals 5, lanceolate-linear, inserted in the upper
part of the tube of the calyx, and alternating with its lobes, val-
vate in aestivation. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals, and
shorter than them ; anthers oblong, rather bifid at the base, 2-
celled, bursting lengthwise. Ovarium oblong, free. Style 1,
but at length separating into 2 parts : stigma capitate, usually
divisible in the furrow. Carpels 2, joined into a 2-celled com-
pressed bisulcate capsule, which separate at length from each
other from the base to the apex. Seeds numerous, disposed in
2 rows along the inflexed margins of the carpels. — Shrubs, with
alternate simple exstipulate leaves. Flowers racemose, as in
Weinm&nnia, but pentandrous, and as it were single styled.
The character of the genus is alone taken from 7. Virginica.
1 I. VIRGI'NICA (Lin. spec. 289.) leaves lanceolate, acutely
toothed ; racemes simple, terminal. Fj . H. Native of North
America, from Pennsylvania to Carolina. Lam. ill. 1. t. 147.
f. 1. Lher. stirp. 1. p. 138. Lois, in Duham. abr. ed. 2. vol. C.
t. 9. Sims, bot. mag. 2409. — Trew. ehret. t. 98. When this
shrub is in vigour it is entirely covered with racemes of white
flowers in July and August, and then makes a fine ap-
pearance.
Virginian Itea. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1744. Sh. 6 to 7 feet.
f Asiatic shrubs related to I' tea, and referred to the genus by
the authors, but mill probably constitute 2 or 4 different genera
rvhen the parts of fructification are properly examined.
* Leaves alternate.
21.? UMBELLA'TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 419.) leaves alternate,
broadly lanceolate, entire, smooth ; panicles axillary and termi-
nal, composed of simple umbels, on long peduncles. ^ . S.
Native of the Malay Islands. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, with
2 parietal placentas on each side. Flowers white.
Umbellate-Qovtered Itea. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
31.? MACROPHY'LLA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 419.) leaves
alternate, elliptic-ovate, acuminated, callously serrated ; racemes
axillary, fasciculate, erect, equal in length to the leaves. Tj .
G. Native of the East Indies, on the Khasee mountains bor-
dering on the province of Silhet. Flowers yellow, fragrant,
when young conical, and valvate in aestivation. Ovarium half
adhering to the calyx, 2-celled. Style columnar.
Long-leaved Itea. Tree 20 feet.
* Leaves opposite.
41.? FRA' GRANS (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 420.) leaves
opposite, cuneate-lanceolate, entire ; racemes terminal ; flowers
in sessile fascicles, tetrandrous, and pentandrous. Jj . G. Na-
tive of the East Indies, in the Island of Singapore. Flowers
yellow, fragrant. Calyx cup-shaped, 4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5,
linear, valvate in aestivation, longer than the stamens. Ovarium
adnate to the calyx, 2-celled. Style columnar. This species,
with the preceding, will perhaps] form a new genus nearly
allied to Escallonia.
/Vagrant-flowered Itea. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
51.? ROSMARI'NUS (Roam, et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 408.)
leaves opposite, filiform, glabrous, hardish ; peduncles axillary,
1-flowered. t? . F. Native of the north of Cochin-china, in
sandy places, and in China about Macao. Cedrela Rosmarhius,
Lour. coch. p. 160. Calyx somewhat campanulate, 5-toothed,
with the base permanent, and the teeth deciduous. Petals 5,
obtuse. Stamens 5, equal in length to the petals. Style 1.
Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved, dehiscing at the apex, many-seeded.
Leaves odoriferous, from containing a quantity of essential
cephalic oil. This plant hardly belongs to the order.
Rosmary-like Itea. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
Cult. Itea Virginica is a very pretty hardy shrub, well
adapted for decorating the front of a shrubbery. It is increased
by layers put down in the autumn. The rest of the species
should be grown in pots, in order that they may be protected
by a frame in winter, or to be grown against a south wall, where
they may be easily preserved from the frost by mats ; a light
soil is best suited for them, and they may be either increased by
layers put down in the autumn, or by cuttings.
ORDER CXX. CUNONIA'CE^E (plants agreeing with Cu-
nbnia in important characters). R. Br. gen. rem. p. 16. D. Don
in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830. — Saxifragaceae, Tribe II.
Cunonieae, D. C. prod. 4. p. 7.
Calyx of many divisions (f. 36. a. f. 37. a. f. 38. a. f. 39. a.),
valvate in aestivation. Petals equal in number to the divisions
of the calyx (f. 36. b. f. 38. b. f. 39. c.), and alternating with
them, imbricate in aestivation, sometimes wanting. Stamens in-
serted in a perigynous disk, definite (f. 37. 6.), rarely indefinite ;
anthers peltate, 2-celled (f. 38. c. f. 39. a7.), bursting length-
wise by a double fissure. Ovarium 2-celled : ovula usually in-
definite ; styles 2 (f. 36. e. f. 37. d. f. 38. e. f. 39. &.), rarely
connate : stigmas 2, simple, obtuse, pruinose. Capsule com-
posed of 2 conflated follicles, which are applied to each other,
rarely confluent, 2-celled, 2-valved ; for the most part furnished
with 2 beaks, and many-seeded ; dissepiments double, from the
inflexed edges of the valves. Placenta central, composed of
fascicles of umbilical vessels. Seeds pendulous, sometimes
winged; testa crustaceous or membranaceous. Albumen copious,
fleshy. Embryo slender, straight, with the radicle turned to-
wards the umbilicus, usually rather long. — Trees or shrubs, for
the most part natives of the southern hemisphere. Leaves
usually opposite, but sometimes verticillate, simple or compound.
Stipulas interpetiolar, rarely wanting. Flowers usually disposed
in spicate racemes or panicles.
The Cunoniacece were first proposed by Dr. R. Brown as a
separate family from Saxifragacece, to which they had been re-
ferred by Jussieu, and to which they are intimately related,
being chiefly distinguished by habit alone. M. Kunth considers
them merely as a section of Saxifragacece, but it appears pre-
ferable to regard them as a distinct family ; for the advantages
arising from dividing extensive families and genera are, that the
individuals composing these become better understood, and their
characters more accurately investigated. The Saxifragacece are
almost exclusively confined to the northern, as Cunoniacece are to
the southern hemisphere. Some pass beyond these limits, but
their number is very small. Both families agree in having entire
CUNONIACE.E. I. WEINMANNIA.
197
and divided petals, and a superior and inferior ovarium. In the
series of natural affinities the Philadelpheae clearly follow the
Cunoniacece, with which they correspond in habit ; and in Bau-
era and Belangera the stamens are indefinite, and the seeds of
Caldcluvia have a striking analogy to those of Philadelphus.
The styles both in Saxifragacea; and Cunoniacece are often 3,
and in Cornidia of the Flora Peruviana that number is always
constant.
A species of Weinmannia is used in Peru for tanning leather,
and its astringent bark is employed to adulterate the Peruvian
bark. The Indian Weinmannias appear to possess similar
astringent qualities.
Synopsis of the genera.
TRIBE I.
CUNONIE^. Stamens definite. Ovarium distinct.
1 WEINMA'NNIA. Calyx 4-parted, permanent (f. 36. a.).
Petals 4 (f. 36. 6.). Stamens 8. Hypogynous disk urceolate
(f. 36. d.). Styles 2. Capsule opening at the apex at the dis-
sepiments ; cells many seeded. Seeds reniform, hairy. Leaves
simple or compound, with 3-5 leaflets.
2 LEIOSPE'RMUM. Calyx 4-parted, deciduous. Petals 4.
Stamens 8. Hypogynous disk flat, entire. Styles 2. Capsule
opening in the manner of Weinmannia; cells many-seeded.
Seeds smooth. Leaves simple.
3 CALDCLU'VIA. Calyx membranous, 4-parted, deciduous.
Petals 4, unguiculate. Stamens 8. Hypogynous glands 8.
Styles 2. Capsule opening in the manner of Weinmannia ; cells
5-10-seeded. Seeds fusiform ; with the testa membranous, and
larger than the nucleus. Leaves simple.
4 PLATY'LOPHUS. Calyx 4-cleft, sometimes 5-cleft, perma-
nent. Petals 4, rarely 5, trifid. Stamens 8 or 10. Hypogy-
nous disk urceolate, entire. Styles 2. Capsule membranous,
2-celled at the base, and ending in a flat bifid wing at the apex ;
cells 1 -seeded. Seeds large, arched, leaves compound, with 3
leaflets.
5 CDNONIA. Calyx 5-cleft ; segments deciduous. Petals 5.
Stamens 10. Hypogynous disk small. Styles 2. Capsule
opening like that of Weinmannia ; cells many seeded. Seeds
oblong, compressed, smooth, winged on one side. Leaves im-
pari-pinnate.
6 ARNO'LDIA. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Hy-
pogynous glands 8. Styles 2. Ovarium didymous, biovulate.
Carpels 2, connate at the base, solitary from abortion, beaked
by the styles, opening on the inside, 1 -seeded. Leaves impari-
pinnate.
7 PTEROPHY'LLA. Calyx 4-cleft, deciduous. Petals 4. Sta-
mens 8. Styles 2, very short. Ovarium 2-celled. Capsule un-
known. Leaves impari-pinnate.
8 CALY'COMIS. Calyx 5-parted, permanent. Petals 5. Sta-
mens 10. Hypogynous disk small. Styles 2, setaceous. Cap-
sule globose, 2-celled, opening at the apex ; cells many seeded.
Seeds minute, smooth. Leaves simple.
9 CALU'COMA. Calyx 4-parted, rarely 5-parted (f. 37. «.),
permanent. Petals wanting. Stamens 8, rarely 10 (f. 37. 6.).
Hypogynous disk small. Styles 2 (f. 37. d.), setaceous. Cap-
sule inclosed in the calyx, dehiscing at the dissepiments ; cells
ventricose, 1-2-seeded from abortion. Seeds rough from pa-
pillse. Leaves simple.
10 CERATOFE'TALUM. Limb of calyx 5-parted (f. 38. «.),
permanent. Petals 5 (f. 38.6.), linearly multifid, permanent or
wanting. Stamens 10; anthers beaked (f. 38. c.). Styles 2,
short (f. 38. e.). Capsule 1 -seeded from abortion, dehiscing at
the apex. Leaves simple or ternate.
11 SCHIZOME'RIA. Calyx 5-cleft, permanent. Petals 5, jag-
ged, deciduous. Stamens 10. Ovarium 2-celled ; ovula many.
Styles 2, short. Capsule baccate, closed at the apex. Leaves
simple.
TRIBE II.
CODIE'/E. Stamens definite. Ovarium inferior.
12 CODIA. Limb of calyx 4-5-parted, permanent. Petals 4-5.
Stamens 8-10. Styles pubescent. Capsule closed at the apex,
usually 1 -seeded from abortion. Seeds roundish, smooth. Leaves
simple.
TRIBE III.
Stamens indefinite. Ovarium free.
13 BELANGE'RA. Calyx deeply 6-parted ; segments deci-
duous. Petals wanting. Stamens numerous. Styles 2. Cap-
sule superior, 2-celled, 2 -beaked, opening at the dissepiments ;
cells many-seeded. Seeds compressed, winged at the apex.
Leaves compound, with 3-5 leaflets.
14 BAUE'RA. Calyx 6-10 parted (f. 39. a.). Petals 6-10
(f. 39. c.). Styles 2 (f* 39. &.), glabrous. Capsule superior,
2-celled, 2-valved at the apex, opening by a transverse chink ;
cells few-seeded. Seeds scabrous from resinous dots. Leaves
in whorles.
TRIBE IV.
SYMPHYOOY%NE«. Stamens definite. Ovarium free. Styles
connate.
15 GEISSOIS. Calyx 4-parted, deciduous. Petals wanting.
Stamens 8. Style 1 ; stigmas 2. Capsule compressed, 2-celled,
2-valved ; cells many seeded. Seeds compressed, winged.
Leaves compound, with 5 leaflets.
Tribe I.
CUNONIE'^ (plants agreeing with Cunbnia in having de-
finite stamens). Stamens definite. Ovarium distinct from the
calyx.
I. WEINMA'NNIA (in honour of John William Weinmann,
apothecary at Ratisbon, author of Phytanthoza Iconographica,
in 4 vol. fol. Ratisbon, vol. 1. in 1737., vol. 2. in 1739., vol. 3.
in 1742., vol. 4. in 1745.) Lin. gen. no. 493. Juss. gen. p.
309. H. B. et Kunth, 6. p. 49. D. Don, in edinb. phil. April,
1830. — Windmannia, P. Brown, jam. ed. 2. p. 212.
LIN. SYST. Octandria, Digynia. Calyx permanent, 4-parted
(f. 36. a.). Petals 4 (f. 36. &.). Stamens 8. Disk hypogy-
nous, urceolate (f. 36. d.~). Capsule opening at the dissepiments
from the apex ; cells many seeded. Seeds roundish-reniform.
— Trees, natives of South America and the Mauritius. Leaves
compound or simple ; petioles articulated. Stipulas undivided,
caducous.
198
CUNONIACE/E. I. WEINMANNIA.
FIG. 30.
Flowers hermaphrodite, race-
mose, usually white ; pedicels in
fascicles.
* Leaves simple.
1 W. OVA'TA (Cav. icon. 6. p.
45. t. 566.) leaves elliptic-oblong,
bluntish, crenated, glabrous on
both surfaces, as well as the
branches, acute at the base. ^ .
S. Native of Peru, at the town
of San Buenaventura. Leaves
2-3 inches long, and an inch or
an inch and a half broad. Racemes
S inches long, loose. Hypogy-
nous disk with 8 glands (f. 36. d.).
Otaif-leaved Weinmannia. Fl. May, June. Clt 1824. Tree
1 2 to 20 feet.
2 W. KUNTHIA'NA (D. Don in edinb. pliil. journ. April, 1830.)
leaves elliptic, crenated, cuneated at the base, membranous, gla-
brous ; racemes elongated ; fascicles many flowered. Tj . S.
Native of New Granada, near Santa Fe de Bogota. W. ovata,
H. B. et Kunth, 6. p. 52. exclusive of the synonyme of Cav.
Leaves with the nerves and veins beneath, rather pilose, 3-4
inches long, and an inch and a half or 2 inches broad. Racemes
a span long ; fascicles 3-10-flowered.
Kunth's Weinmannia. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
3 W. BALBISIA'NA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 51.
t. 520.) leaves nearly sessile, ovate-lanceolate, rather acumi-
nated, serrated, glabrous, attenuated at the base ; fascicles of
racemes many-flowered. 17 • S. Native of Quito, in woods
near Loxa. Leaves 1^ inch or 3 inches long. Racemes loose,
2 inches long. Capsule ovate, glabrous.
Balbis's Weinmannia. Tree or shrub.
4 W. LAU'RINA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. 6. p. 51.) leaves ob-
long, acute, crenated, glabrous, attenuated at the base ; fascicles
of racemes many flowered. ^ • S. Native of South America.
Leaves 3 inches long or more, puberulous on the veins beneath.
Racemes 2 inches long.
Laurel-like Weinmannia. Tree.
5 W. MACROPHY'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 52. t. 521.)
leaves nearly sessile, ovate, acuminated, serrated, glabrous on
both surfaces, as well as on the branches, rounded at the base ;
fascicles of racemes many flowered. Jj . S. Native of the
Andes of Quito, between Loxa and Nabon. Leaves 2-5 inches
long, and 2-3 inches broad, shining above. Racemes rather
loose. Capsule terete, oblong, glabrous.
Long-leaved Weinmannia. Tree or shrub.
6 W. LATIFOLIA (Presl, in Haenke, reliq. 2. p. 51.) leaves
ovate-elliptic, obtuse, acute at the base, crenately serrated, coria-
ceous, quite glabrous above, hairy beneath ; racemes longer
than the leaves ; stipulas oblong, obtuse, silky outside ; urceolus
entire. Jj . G. Native of Peru, in mountain woods.
Broad-leaved Weinmannia. Tree.
7 W. ELLI'PTICA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 50.) leaves petio-
late, elliptic, obtuse, crenated, glabrous on both surfaces, acutish
at the base ; racemes loose. Tj . S. Native of Quito, near Loxa.
Leaves an inch or an inch and a half long, coriaceous. Racemes
1-j or 2 inches long. Capsule ovate, glabrous. Flowers purplish.
Elliptic-leaved Weinmannia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824. Tr.
8 W. OVA'LIS (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 333. f. a. ined.)
leaves petiolate, oval, crenated, quite glabrous on both surfaces,
as well as the branches, shining, acute at the base ; fascicles of
racemes many flowered. J? . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes,
in groves at Pillao. Leaves coriaceous, 2 or 3 inches long.
R acemes loose, a hand long. Capsule ovate, quite smooth.
Oval-leaved Weinmannia. Tree.
9 W. CRASSIFOLIA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 331. f. a. ined.)
leaves nearly sessile, oval, coarsely crenated, rather pilose as well
as the branches, rounded at the base ; fascicles of racemes many
flowered. J? . S. Native of Peru. Leaves 2 inches long,
coriaceous, thick, pilose on the rib and veins beneath. Racemes
2-3 inches long. Capsule ovate-oblong, smooth.
Thick-leaved Weinmannia. Tree.
10 W. SUBCORDA'TA (Moricand, herb, ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 8.)
leaves oval, obtuse, somewhat cordate at the base, dentately
crenated, coriaceous, glabrous, shining above ; racemes when
in flower exceeding the leaves a little. Tj . S. Native of Peru.
Flowers on very short pedicels. Leaves 24-30 lines long, and
16-18 lines broad.
Subcordate-leaved Weinmannia. Tree.
* * Leaves simple and ternate.
11 W. HETEROPHY'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6.
p. 52. t. 522.) leaves simple and ternate, ovate-oblong, acutely
and coarsely serrated, rather pilose beneath ; fascicles of racemes
many flowered. 1? . S. Native of New Granada, near Santa
Fe de Bogota. Leaves for the most part simple, glabrous above,
pilose beneath, particularly at the ribs, 3-5 inches long, and l^
or 2 inches broad. Petioles half an inch long. Racemes loose,
4 inches long. Capsule ovate, smooth.
Variable-leaved Weinmannia. Tree.
12 W. CORDATA (D. Don in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830.)
leaves nearly sessile, cordate-ovate, bluntish, coarsely serrated,
rather pilose beneath, and on the branches ; fascicles of racemes
many flowered. Tj . S. Native of Peru. W. heterophylla,
Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 331. f. b. Leaves simple or ternate, 2
inches long. Racemes loose, 3 inches long.
Corrfate-leaved Weinmannia. Tree.
13 W. AURICULA'TA (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April,
1830.) leaves elliptic, with revolute, serrated margins, rounded
at the base, hairy beneath and on the branches ; fascicles of
racemes crowded. T; . S. Native of Peru, in groves at Pillao.
W. ovata, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 333. f. b. ined. W. drya-
difolia, D. C. prod. 4. p. 9. Leaves shining and glabrous
above, but densely clothed with fulvous hairs beneath, an inch
or an inch and a half long, 1-lobed at the base, and sometimes
trifoliate. Racemes den^e, spicate, 2-3 inches long. Capsule
roundish-ovate, and are as well as the styles rather hairy.
Auricled-lea.\e& Weinmannia. Tree.
14 W. AUSTRA'LIS (Cunning, in Field's new south wales, p.
353.) leaves trifoliate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, deeply and
equally serrated, sessile ; flowers terminal. 17 . G. Native of
New Holland, on moist shady rocks, at Springwood.
Southern Weinmannia. Shrub.
* * * Leaves ternate and quinate.
15 W. PENTAPHY'LLA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 330. f. a.)
leaves ternate and quinate ; leaflets 3-5, ovate-lanceolate, acute,
serrated, glabrous on both surfaces ; racemes loose. Fj . S.
Native of Peru. Branchlets pubescent. Leaflets coriaceous,
shining above, 2-3 inches long : lateral ones unequal-sided at
the base. Racemes loose, a hand long ; pedicels longish. Cap-
sule ovate, smooth. Styles sometimes 3, when this is the case
the capsule is 3-celled.
Five-leaved Weinmannia. Tree.
16 W. CRENA'TA (Presl, in reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 51.) leaves of
the branches with 2 pairs of leaflets and an odd one, those of
the branchlets ternate ; leaflets oblong, obtuse, broadly crenated,
quite glabrous, coriaceous, terminal one oblong-lanceolate, atte-
nuated at the base ; wings of the rachis and petiole semi-obo-
vate ; racemes longer than the leaves, and are as well as the
branches pubescent ; flowers glomerate ; segments of the calyx
CUNONIACE^E. I. WEINMANNIA.
199
ciliated ; urceolus crenated. T? . G. Native of Peru, in moun-
tain woods.
Crenated Weinmannia. Tree.
17 W. MAURITIA'NA (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April
1830.) leaves ternate and quinate ; leaflets 3-5, obovate, or
elliptic, obtuse, crenated, smoothish ; racemes loose. Ij . S.
Native of the Mauritius, where it is called La Lou. W. trifo-
liata, Lam. diet. 7. p. 579. ill. t. 313. f. 2. exclusive of the
synonyme. Smith, in Rees' cycl. exclusive of the synonymes of
Lin. Tliunb. and Willd. W. Madagascariensis, D. C. prod. 4.
p. 9. Leaflets coriaceous, pubescent beneath, j or 1 inch long.
Racemes loose, 2 inches long ; fascicles few-flowered.
Mauritian Weinmannia. Tree.
18 W. MARGINA'TA (Moricand, mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 10.)
leaves with 3-5 leaflets ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrated,
attenuated at both ends : extreme one the largest ; petiole mar-
gined ; capsule glabrous, fj . S. Native of Peru. Branchlets
villous, by threes at the tops of the branches. Racemes ex-
ceeding the leaves. Leaflets 2-3 inches long, and 8-14 lines
broad.
Marginate-petidled Weinmannia. Tree.
19 W. MICROPHY'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6.
p. 54. t. 523.) leaves ternate and quinate ; leaflets 3-5, obovate,
crenated, glabrous ; racemes very short, somewhat corymbose.
^ . S. Native of Quito, near Loxa. Leaves with sometimes
only 2 leaflets ; leaflets small, cuneate-obovate, crenated, quite
glabrous, shining, 3 lines long. Capsule ovate, glabrous.
Small-leaved Weinmannia. Shrub.
* * * * Leaves impari-pinnate.
20 W. GLA'BRA (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 228.) leaves with many
pairs of leaflets ; leaflets obovate or oblong, crenated, rather
pilose beneath ; rachis with rhomboid joints ; racemes loose.
\j • S. Native of the Islands of Santa Cruz and Martinique ;
and of Mexico, near San Salvador and Chiconquiera. Willd.
spec. 2. p. 436. exclusive of the synonyme of Lam. W. pin-
nata, Lin. spec. 1. p. 315. exclusive of the synonyme of Browne,
jam. Flowers numerous, white.
Glabrous Weinmannia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1815. Sh. 6 ft.
21 W. TRICHOSPE'RMA (Cav. icon. 6. p. 45. t. 567.) leaves
with many pairs of leaflets ; leaflets oblong, acutely toothed,
rather pilose beneath ; joints of rachis .exactly rhomboid. fj .
S. Native of the Island of San Carlos de Chiloe ; and of Peru.
W. dentata, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 334. f. c. W. pinnata,
Lin. and Cav. mss. Leaflets obliquely cuneated at the base, naked
and shining above, but rather pilose on the nerves and veins be-
neath. Racemes loose. Capsule roundish-ovate, ribbed, glabrous.
Hair-seeded Weinmannia. Shrub.
22 W. HIRTA (Swartz, prod. p. 63. fl. ind. occid. 2. p. 691.)
leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets ; leaflets elliptic, serrated, hairy
beneath as well as the branches ; joints of rachis cuneated.
. S. Native of Jamaica, St. Domingo, and Brazil. Wind-
mdnnia fruticosa, &c. Browne, jam. p. 212. Leaflets hairy,
at length smoothish above, coriaceous. Racemes loose, very
copious, 2 inches long.
Rough Weinmannia. Fl. May. Jul. Clt. 1820. Tr. 10 to 20 ft.
23 W. NITIDA (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830.)
leaves with usually 3 pairs of leaflets ; leaflets obovate, crenated,
glabrous, and shining on both surfaces ; joints of rachis cu-
neated. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica. Weinmannia hirta, var.
Smith, herb.
Shining-leaved Weinmannia. Tree.
24 W. GLOMERA'TA (Presl, in reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 52.) leaves
with 4-6 pairs of leaflets ; leaflets oblong, obtuse, coriaceous,
toothed towards the apex, hairy on the middle nerve beneath :
terminal leaflet oblong-lanceolate, acute at both ends ; wings of
rachis semi-obovate ; racemes spicate, longer than the leaves,
and are as well as the branchlets and petioles very hairy ;
flowers glomerate, sessile ; calyx smoothish ; urceolus entire,
fj . G. Native of Peru, on the mountains.
Glomerate- fiowered Weinmannia. Tree.
25 W. TINCTORIA (Smith, in Rees' cycl.) leaves with many
pairs of leaflets ; leaflets oblong, serrated, smoothish ; joints of
rachis spatulate ; fascicles of racemes many-flowered. fj • S.
Native of the Island of Bourbon. W. glabra, Lam. diet. 7.
p. 578. ill. t. 313. f. 1. W. macrostachya, D. C. prod. 4. p. 10.
The tree is called Tan rouge by the inhabitants of Bourbon,
where it is used for dying red.
Dyers' Weinmannia. Tree.
26 W. FAGAROIDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p.
54. t. 524.) leaves with many pairs of leaflets ; leaflets obovate
or elliptic, crenated, glabrous on both surfaces, shining above;
joints of rachis obcordate. T? . S. Native of Peru, at Pillao,
and at Loxa. Branchlets with annular chinks, pubescent.
Leaflets from 5-15, coriaceous, pilose on the joints beneath, 3
lines long. Racemes 2 inches long ; fascicles many-flowered.
Capsule ovate-oblong, glabrous.
Fagara-like Weinmannia. Tree.
27 W. PARVIFOLIA (Ruiz, mss. ex D. Don, in edinb. phil.
journ. April, 1830.) leaves with many pairs of leaflets ; leaflets
oblong, serrated, pilose beneath ; joints of rachis obovate ; ra-
cemes short, fj . S. Native of Peru, at Pillao, where it is
commonly called Mucho and Arljol del Peregil by the inhabitants.
W. microphylla, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 334. f. a. Branchlets
densely pilose. Leaflets from 9-15, contiguous, naked and
opaque above ; 3-5 lines long. Racemes dense, cylindrical,
hardly an inch long ; fascicles many-flowered, crowded. Cap-
sule roundish, ovate, glabrous.
Small-leaved Weinmannia. Tree.
28 W. RETICULA TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 332.) leaves
with many pairs of leaflets ; leaflets elliptic, crenated, clothed
with rusty tomentum beneath ; joints of rachis obovate-oblong ;
fascicles of racemes crowded. T^ • S. Native of Peru, at
Pillao and Acomaya. W. pubescens, Ruiz, mss. Branchlets
densely clothed with rusty tomentum, usually with annular
chinks. Leaflets 9-17, pilose above and shining, reticulately
veined, half an inch long. Racemes dense, cylindrical, 2 or 3
inches long ; fascicles many-flowered, very pilose. Styles rather
pilose at the base. Capsule ovate, smooth.
Reticulated-leaved Weinmannia. Tree.
29 W. LENTISCIFOLIA (Presl, in reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 52.) leaves
with 3-5 pairs of leaflets ; leaflets oblong, obtuse, toothed, co-
riaceous, hairy on the nerves, racemes, and petioles : terminal
one oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends ; wings of petiole
and rachis semi-obovate ; flowers on long pedicels ; segments
of the calyx ciliated ; urceolus angular and crenated. ^ . G.
Native of Peru, on the mountains.
Lentiscus-leaved Weinmannia. Tree.
30 W. TOMENTOSA (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 277.) leaves with many
pairs of leaflets ; leaflets oval, with revolute margins, quite
entire, clothed with hoary tomentum beneath ; spikes cylin-
drical, much crowded. Tj . S. Native of New Granada. H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 55. t. 52.5. Leaflets size of
those of box leaves, 9-15, approximate, very blunt, convex and
pubescent above, but at length green. Joints of rachis obovate,
with revolute margins. Spikes cylindrical, obtuse, an inch long;
fascicles many-flowered, much crowded ; peduncles short, densely
clothed with tomentum.
Tomentose Weinmannia. Tree.
31 W. CINE'REA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 332. f. b.) leaves
with usually 3 pairs of leaflets ; leaflets elliptic, serrated, reti-
culated, smoothish ; joints of rachis cuneate-oblong ; racemes
200
CUNONIACE.5L I. WEINMANNIA. II. LEIOSPERMUM. III. CALDCLUVIA. IV. PLATYLOPHUS.
loose, Tj . S. Native of Peru, in groves, at Pillao, where it is
called Arbol del Peregil. W. sambucuna, Ruiz, mss. W. di-
versifolia, Moricancl, mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 10. Leaflets
7-9, elliptic, coriaceous, stiff", an inch long. Peduncles very
hairy. Racemes loose, 2-3 inches long. Fascicles few-flowered.
Capsule ovate, glabrous.
Cinereous Weinmannia. Tree.
32 W. SUBSKSSILIFLORA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 334. f. b.)
leaves with many pairs of leaflets ; leaflets oval or oblong, ser-
rated, smoothish ; spikes elongated, cylindrical ; styles pube-
rulous ; capsule silky. Pj . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes,
at Pillao. W. polystachya, Ruiz, mss. Leaflets 11-15, % or 1
inch long, while young canescent on both surfaces. Joints of
rachis obovate. Spike narrow, 3-4 inches long ; fascicles
crowded, many-flowered. Pedicels and calyxes silky.
Subsessile-jiowered Weinmannia. Tree.
33 W. HIRTE'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 56.)
leaves with many pairs of leaflets ; leaflets oblong, serrulated,
pubescent beneath ; racemes loose. Jj . S. Native of New
Granada, near Santa Fe de Bogota. Branchlets tomentose.
Leaflets 4-7 pairs, 8-9 lines long. Racemes loose, 2-3 inches
long. Ovarium ovate, glabrous.
Hairy Weinmannia. Tree.
34 W. PUBE'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p.
56.) leaves with many pairs of leaflets ; leaflets elliptic-oblong,
serrated, pilose on both surfaces ; capsule ovate, tomentose.
Ij . S. Native of New Spain, on Mount Avila, near Caraccas.
Leaflets 4-6 pairs, 6-13 lines long. Racemes loose, 3-4 inches
long.
Pubescent Weinmannia. Tree.
35 W. SOUBIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 57.) leaves with
usually 4 pairs of leaflets ; leaflets oblong, acutish, serrated,
rather pilose beneath ; racemes loose ; ovaries glabrous. Pj . S.
Native of New Granada. Branches glabrous. Leaflets oblong,
acutish, glabrous above, 19-20 lines long and 6-7 broad, ob-
liquely cuneated at the base. Racemes loose, 3-5 inches long ;
fascicles remote.
Sorbus-leaved Weinmannia. Tree.
36 W. CARIPE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 58.) leaves with
usually 5 pairs of leaflets.; leaflets oblong, bluntish, serrated,
membranous, glabrous. Tj . S. Native of New Andalusia,
near the convent of Caripe. Branches pubescent. Leaflets 10-
15 lines long, and 4-5 broad, membranous. Racemes loose,
4-5 inches long. Ovarium ovate, glabrous.
Caripe Weinmannia. Tree.
37 W. POLYPHY'LLA (Moricand, mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 11.)
leaves with 8-12 pairs of leaflets ; leaflets elliptic, obtuse, ser-
rated, glabrous : outer one lanceolate ; joints of rachis trian-
gular ; branchlets, petioles, and the nerves on the under side
of the leaves pilose ; racemes exceeding the leaves. lj . S.
Native of Peru, near Guayaquil. Leaves 4 inches long ; leaflets
4-8 lines long, and 2-4 lines broad.
Many -leaved Weinmannia. Tree.
38 W. PAULLINI^FOLIA (Pohl, inlitt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 11.)
leaves glabrous, except the rachis, which is hairy ; leaflets 7-9,
oblong, cuneated at the base, serrately toothed at the apex ;
joints of rachis oblong ; racemes length of leaves. Tj . S. Na-
tive of Brazil.
Paullinia-leaved Weinmannia. Tree.
39 W. PRODU'CTA (Moricand, mss. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 10.)
leaves with 6-7 pairs of leaflets ; leaflets small, ovate, coarsely
toothed, rather coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces : outer one
elongated, acute, cuneated at the base ; joints of rachis semi-
obovate ; racemes dense, much longer than the leaves. Tj . S.
Native of Peru. W. sessiliflora, Pav. in herb. Moricand.
Branches pubescent. Extreme leaflet an inch and more long,
the rest 4-5 lines long, but the lower 2 are hardly 2 lines long.
Flowers white. Pedicels length of flowers, and exceeding the
bracteas.
Drawn-out-leaved Weinmannia. Tree.
Cult. The species of Weinmannia will grow in any light
rich soil ; and cuttings will strike root in the same kind of soil,
under a hand-glass, in heat. None of the species are worth
cultivating for ornament.
II. LEIOSPE'RMUM (from Xaoc, leios, smooth, and a-Kippa,
sperma, a seed ; in reference to the seeds being smooth). D.
Don, in edinb. phil. journ. april, 1830. — Weinmannia, species of
authors.
LIN. SYST. Octandria, Digynia. Calyx 4-cleft, deciduous.
Petals 4. Stamens 8. Disk hypogynous, flat, entire. Styles
2. Capsule opening at the top at the dissepiments ; cells many-
seeded. Seeds oblong, glabrous. — Trees, natives of New Zea-
land, with simple crenated leaves, jointed petioles, caducous
stipulas, and racemose flowers ; with the pedicels scattered, not
in fascicles.
1 L. RACEMOSUM (D. Don, 1. c.) petioles jointed at the apex ;
racemes usually solitary. Tj . G. Native of New Zealand.
Weinmannia racemosa, Murr. syst. veg. p 376. Lin. suppl.
p. 227. Leaves elliptic, beautifully veined beneath, 2-3 inches
long. Racemes terminal, usually twin, 3-4 inches long.
Racemose-flowered Leiospermum. Tree.
2 L. PARVIFLORUM (D. Don, I.e.) petioles jointed at the base;
racemes corymbose. Pj • G. Native of New Zealand. Wein-
mannia parviflora, Forst. prod. p. 29. Leaves elliptic, recurved
at the apex, an inch and a half long. Racemes numerous, 1^
or 2 inches long. Flowers 3 times smaller than those of the
first species.
Small-flowered Leiospermum. Tree.
Cult, For culture and propagation see Callicoma, p. 201.
Not worth growing, unless in botanic gardens.
III. CALDCLU'VIA (named after Alexander Caldcleugh,
F.R.S. F.L.S. who has collected and sent home many dried plants
from Chili). D.Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830. — Diete-
rica, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 8.
LIN. SYST. Octandria, Dygynia. Calyx membranous, 4-part-
ed, deciduous. Petals 4, unguiculate. Stamens 8. Hypogy-
nous glands 8, alternating with the stamens ; cells of ovarium
many-ovulate, 20-30. Styles 2, rarely 3, thickish. Capsule
opening from the top at the dissepiments ; cells many seeded,
usually 5-10. Placenta tetragonal. Seeds fusiform, glabrous;
testa larger than the nucleus, membranous, loose, elongated, and
subarillate at the base. — A tree, native of Chili, with simple, ser-
rated, glabrous leaves ; jointless pedicels; twin, subfalcate, tooth-
ed, caducous stipulas ; terminal panicled flowers ; woody cap-
sule, and the seeds nearly as in Philadelphia.
1 C. PANICULA'TA (D. Don, 1. c.) \i . G. Native of Chili,
near Talcahuano, and in moist places at Conception. Wein-
mannia paniculata, Cav. icon. 6. p. 44. t. 565. Weinm. corym-
bosa, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 330. f. b. ined. Weinmannia
Chilensis, D. C. prod. 4. p. 665. Dieterica paniculata, Ser. in
D. C. prod. 4. p. 8.
.PnmWerf-flowered Caldcluvia. Tree.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Callicoma, p. 201.
IV. PLATY'LOPHUS (from irXari/c, platys, broad, and
Xoi/ioc, lophos, a crest ; the capsule is so much compressed at the
apex as to appear winged). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April,
1830. — Weinmannia species of Lin.
LIN. SYST. Octo-Decdndria, Digynia. Calyx 4, but some-
times 5-cIeft, permanent. Petals 4, rarely 5, permanent, trifid;
CUNONIACE^E. V. CUNONIA. VI. ARNOLDIA. VII. PTEROPHYLLA. VIII. CALYCOMIS. IX. CALLICOMA. 201
segments linear, acute, sometimes unidentate. Stamens 8 or 10.
Disk hypogynous, urceolate, entire ; cells of ovarium biovulate.
Styles very short. Capsule membranous, reticulated, flattened
into a bifid wing at the apex, ventricose at the base, 2-celled ;
cells 1 -seeded. Seed large, arched, with a smooth coriaceous
testa. — An elegant tree, native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Leaves petiolate, ternate ; leaflets sessile, lanceolate, acuminated,
sharply serrated, coriaceous, glabrous, reticulated with many
veins. Flowers terminal, panicled.
1 P. TRIFOLIA'TUS (D. Don, 1. c.) Jj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope, where the tree is called white ash by the
English colonists. Weinmannia trifoliata, Lin. fil. suppl. 227.
Thunb. prod. p. 77. exclusive of the synonyme of Lamark.
Trifoliate Platylophus. Clt. 1820. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Callicoma, below.
V. CUNONIA (dedicated by Linnaeus to John Christian
Cuno, of Amsterdam, who described his own garden in verse in
1750). Lin. gen. 556. ed. Schreb. 761. Juss. gen. p. 310.
Gaertn. fruct. p. 344. t. 225. D. Don in edinb. phil. journ. 1830.
April. — Osterdykia, Burm. afr. 259. t. 96.
LIN. SYST. Decandria, Digynia. Calyx 5-cleft ; segments
deciduous. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 10. Disk hypogynous,
small. Capsule opening from the base at the dissepiments ;
cells many seeded. Seeds oblong, compressed, smooth, winged,
with a rather loose membranous testa. Cotyledons somewhat
foliaceous. — Smooth trees, with impari-pinnate leaves, serrated
coriaceous leaflets, large caducous interpetiolar stipulas, and with
the flowers disposed in axillary racemes or panicles.
1 C. CAPE'NSIS (Lin. spec. p. 569.) shrubby ; leaflets 5-7,
lanceolate, coriaceous, serrated ; racemes spicate, opposite ; pe-
dicels numerous, in fascicles. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Lam. ill. t. 371. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 826. Flowers
white.
CapeCunoma. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub 6 feet.
2 C. I'NDICA (Blum, bijdr. p. 867.) shrubby; leaves some»
what ternately pinnate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminated, ob-
liquely subcordate at the base, doubly serrated ; panicles axil-
lary, clothed with rusty tomentum. T-i . S. Native of Java, in
woods on the higher mountains.
Indian Cunonia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
3 C. CELE'BICA (Blum. 1. c.) arboreous ; leaflets ovate-oblong,
acuminated, serrated : lateral ones oblique at the base ; panicles
corymbose, axillary, tj. S. Native of the Celebes, on the
mountains.
Celebes Cunonia. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
Cult. See Callicoma for culture and propagation.
VI. ARNO'LDIA (named in memory of Joseph Arnold, M.D.
who accompanied Sir Stamford Raffles to the East Indies,
where he collected many plants ; and the discoverer of the
gigantic flower Rafflesia Arnoldi in the Island of Sumatra). Blum,
bijdr. p. 868. D. C. prod. 4. p. 12.
LIN. SYST. Oclcindria, Digynia. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4.
Stamens 8, interposed by glands. Ovarium didymous, biovu-
late. Styles 2, incurved : stigmas simple. Carpels 2, connate
at the base, solitary from abortion, beaked by the styles,' 1-
seeded, opening lengthwise on the inside. — Indian shrubs, with
opposite branches and leaves. Leaves impari-pinnate, glabrous.
Stipulas interpetiolar, orbicular, deciduous. Racemes axillary
and terminal, twin or tern.
1 A. PINNA'TA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves with 4-5 pairs of lanceo-
late, bluntly serrated coriaceous leaflets ; stipulas deciduous ;
racemes usually twin. J? . S. Native of Java, in mountain
woods, where it is called Kiringit. Spirae'a pinnata, Blume, cat.
hort. buit. p. 76.
VOL. III.
.Pinnate-leaved Arnoldia. Shrub.
2 A. HETEROPHY'LLA (Blum. 1. c.) lower leaves with two pairs
of leaflets, and an odd one : upper ones ternate or simple ; leaf-
lets lanceolate, distantly serrulated ; racemes twin or tern. >j .
S. Native of Java, in mountain woods in the province of
Bamtam.
Variable -leaved Arnoldia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Weinmannia, p. 200.
VII. PTEROPHY'LLA (from irrfpox, pteron, a wing, and
<j>v\\ov,pftyllon, a leaf; so called in reference to the large folia-
ceous stipulas). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1 830.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Digynia. Calyx 4-cleft, deciduous.
Petals 4. Stamens 8. Styles 2, very short, incurved. Ovarium
2-celled. Capsule ? — A tree, native of the Moluccas. Leaves
impari-pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, bluntly acuminated, crenated,
glabrous, glaucous beneath, oblique at the base, 3 inches long :
the odd or terminal one on a longer petiole than the others.
Stipulas large, foliaceous, reniform, quite entire, deciduous.
Flowers minute, polygamous, in spicate racemes. Racemes erect,
terminal, aggregate, rather panicled, a hand long. Ovarium
densely clothed with wool.
1 P. FRAXI'NEA (D. Don, 1. c.) Tj . S. Native of the Island
of Honimao, one of the Moluccas. Weinmannia? fraxinea,
Smith, herb.
Ash-like Pterophylla. Tree.
Cult. See Weinmannia, p. 200. for culture and propagation.
VIII. CALY'COMIS (from raXu£, kalyx, a calyx, and
home, hair ; in allusion to the tufts of flowers). R. Br. in gen.
rem. p. 17. D. Don in edinb. phil. journ April, 1830.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted, permanent.
Petals 5. Stamens 10. Disk hypogynous, very small. Styles
setaceous. Capsule globose, 2-celled, opening at the apex ;
cells many seeded. Seeds minute, smooth. — An Australian,
erect, evergreen, branched shrub. Leaves simple, nearly sessile,
3 in a whorl, oblongly cordate, acute, coarsely serrated, coria-
ceous, glabrous, glaucous beneath. Stipulas peleaceous, per-
manent. Flowers small, white, copious, in whorles, pedicellate.
Capsule membranous, gaping at the apex nearly as in Heuchera.
1 C. VERTICILLA'TA (D. Don, 1. c.) Jj . G. Native of New
Holland, among the mountains on moist rocks.
Whorled-Rowered Calycomis. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Callicoma.
IX. CALLI'COMA (from caXoc, kalos, beautiful, and
home, hair ; appearance of tufted heads of flowers). Andr. bot.
rep. t. 566.
LIN. SYST. Octo-Decdndria, Digynia. Calyx 4-parted, rarely
5-parted (f. 37. a.), permanent. Petals wanting. Stamens 8,
rarely 10 (f. 37.6.). Disk hypogynous, small. Ovarium dis-
tinct ; cells many-ovulate. Styles 2, setaceous (f. 37. d.). Cap-
sule inclosed in the calyx, which is permanent, dehiscing at the
dissepiments; cells ventricose, 1-2-seeded from abortion. Seeds
ovate, scabrous from minute papillae on every side, like those of
Saxifraga; with a crustaceous testa. — Trees, natives of Aus-
tralia. Leaves simple, petiolate, serrated ; petioles jointless.
Stipulas membranous, bidentate, caducous. Flowers capitate ;
heads terminating the tops of the branchlets, pedunculate, glo-
bose.
1 C. sERRATirbLiA (Andr. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, acumi-
nated, hoary beneath, attenuated at the base. fy . G. Native
of New Holland, where the tree is called black wattle by the
English colonists. Delaun, herb. amat. t. 299. Sims, bot. mag.
1811. Codia serratifolia, Ser. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 7.
Dd
202 CUNONIACE.E. IX. CALLICOMA. X. CERATOPETALUM. XI. SCHIZOMERIA. XII. CODIA. XIII. BELANGERA.
Flowers yellow. The twigs are FIG. 37.
used for making baskets in New
Holland. Perhaps the flowers
are dioecious, (f. 37.)
Saw - leaved Callicoma. Fl.
May, Aug. Clt. 1793. Shrub.
2 C. FERRUGINEA (D. Don, in
edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830.)
leaves oblong, acute, cuneated at
the base, clothed with rusty to-
mentum beneath, and on the
branchlets. (7 . G. Native of
New Holland, on the banks of
rivers.
Rusty Callicoma. Shrub.
3 C. BILLARDIE'RI (D. Don, 1.
c.) leaves 3 in a whorl, nearly
sessile, elliptic, retuse, crenulated, glabrous. ^ . G. Native
of New Holland ? Codia montana, Labill. mss. in herb. Lamb.
La Billardier's Callicoma. Shrub.
Cult. A genus of very pretty shrubs ; they will thrive well
in a mixture of loam and peat ; and ripened cuttings root readily
in sand under a hand-glass.
X. CERATOPETALUM (from Kcpae, keras, a horn, and
irtraXov, petalon, a petal ; the petals are jagged so as to resemble
a stag's horn). Smith, nov. holl. 1. p. 9. t. 3.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Digynia. Calyx with a 5-parted per-
manent limb (f. 38. a.). Petals 5 (f. 38. 6.), linear, multifid,
stiff, permanent, or wanting. Stamens 10 ; anthers cordate, ter-
minated by a beak-formed process (f. 38. c.). Ovarium half
inferior, 2-celled, few-ovulate. Capsule 1 -seeded from abor-
tion, dehiscing at the apex. Seed round, with a thick crusta-
ceous testa. — Trees, natives of New Holland, with ternate or
simple serrated glabrous leaves, standing on petioles, which are
jointed at the apex. Stipulas undivided, rather foliaceous, ca-
ducous. Flowers terminal, panicled.
* Leaves ternate ; flowers with petals.
1 C. GUMMI'FERUM (Smith, nov. pjr< ag
holl. t. 3.) TZ. G. Native of
New Holland, where it is called
red gum-tree by the English co-
lonists, (f. 38.)
Gum - bearing Ceratopetalum.
Clt. 1820. Tree SO feet.
* * Leaves simple ; flowers ape-
talous.
2 C. APE'TALUM (D. Don, in
edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830.)
leaves lanceolate. Jj . G. Native
of New Holland. Ceratopetalum
monopetalum, Caley, mss. Per-
haps the flowers are sometimes
furnished with one petal ?
Apetalous Ceratopetalum. Tree.
3 C. MONTA'NUM (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate. J? .
G. Native of New Holland, on the mountains.
Mountain Ceratopetalum. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Callicoma above.
XI. SCHIZOME'RIA (from a^ta, schizo, to cut, and jutpif,
mem, a part ; in reference to the cut petals). D. Don, in edinb.
phil. journ. April, 1830.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-cleft, permanent.
8
Petals 5, jagged, deciduous. Stamens 10; anthers cordate,
awnless. Ovarium superior, 2-celled ; ovula many. Styles 2,
very short, recurved. Capsule baccate ? closed at the apex.
Seeds unknown. — A tree, native of New Holland. Leaves
simple, petiolate, elliptic- oblong, acute, serrated, coriaceous,
glabrous, with the veins numerous and reticulated beneath : pe-
tioles articulated at the base. Stipulas undivided, caducous.
Flowers small, white, panicled. Panicle terminal, much branched.
1 S. OVA'TA (D. Don, 1. c.) Tj . G. Native of New Holland.
Ceratopetalum ovatum, Caley, mss.
Ocafc-leaved Schizomeria. Clt. 1825. Shrub 8 to 10 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Callicoma above.
Tribe II.
CODIE'jE. Stamens definite. Ovarium inferior.
XII. CO'DIA (from KvSeia, kodeia, a little ball, in reference
to the flowers, which grow in little round heads). Forst. gen.
p. 59. t. 50. Labill. sert. caled. p. 45. t. 46.
LIN. SYST. Octo-Decdndria, Digynia. Calyx permanent,
with a 4-5-parted limb. Petals 4 5. Stamens 8-10. Ovarium
2-celled ? adhering to the tube of the calyx. Styles densely
pubescent. Capsule closed at the apex, usually 1 -seeded from
abortion. Seed roundish, smooth, with a bony testa ; albumen
very sparing ; cotyledons rather foliaceous ; radicle very short.
— A shrub, with simple, elliptic, obtuse, quite entire, glabrous,
coriaceous leaves ; jointless petioles ; caducous Stipulas ; and
small, white, capitate flowers. Heads of flowers globose, pe-
dunculate, axillary. Ovarium densely woolly. Stigmas simple,
obtuse.
1 C. MONTA'NA (Forst. gen. 1. c. icon. ined. t. 35. Labill.
sert. 1. c.). Jj . G. Native of New Caledonia. Flowers yellow ?
Mountain Codia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Callicoma above.
Tribe III.
BAUEVRE^ (plants agreeing with Bauera in having indefi-
nite stamens). Stamens indefinite. Ovarium distinct.
XIII. BELANGE'RA (in honour of — Belanger, Director
of the Royal Garden at Pondicherry, who has travelled in many
parts of Persia and India, where he collected a copious herba-
rium). Cambess. in St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 203. — Polystemon,
D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830.
LIN. SYST. Icosdndria, Digynia. Calyx deeply 6-parted ;
segments reflexed, deciduous, valvate in aestivation. Petals
wanting. Stamens indefinite, disposed in many series ; fila-
ments subulate, glabrous ; anthers 2-celled, bursting lengthwise.
Disk girding the base of the ovarium. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells
many-ovulate ; ovula flattened, fixed to the middle of the dis-
sepiment in 2 rows. Capsule superior, 2-celled, 2-valved, 2-
beaked ; valves at length bifid ; cells many-seeded. Seeds
compressed, ending in a wing at the apex. — Small, Brazilian
trees, with opposite branches, and opposite stalked leaves.
Leaves with 3 or 5 leaflets. Stipulas interpetiolar, foliaceous,
deciduous. Flowers racemose ; racemes simple, axillary. Ova-
rium densely tomentose. Capsule coriaceous. Stamens erect
in the bud.
1 B. GLA'BRA (Cambess. in St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 204. t. 115.)
leaves trifoliate ; leaflets oblong, narrow at the base, serrated,
§labrous ; capsule smoothish. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, on
erra Negra, in the province of Minas Geraes.
Glabrous Belangera. Tree.
2 B. CUNEA'TA (Cambess. 1. c. p. 204.) leaves trifoliate;
leaflets oblong-cuneated, sharply serrated, puberulous beneath ;
capsule clothed with hairy tomentum : hairs rufescent. (j . S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes.
CUNONIACE^E. XIII. BELANGERA. XIV. BAUERA. XV. GEISSOIS. GALACIN^E.
203
Cuneate-leafletted Belangera. Tree.
3 B. TOMENTOSA (Cambess. 1. c. p. 205. t. 116.) leaves tri-
foliate ; leaflets oblong, acuminated, sharply serrated, tomentose
beneath ; capsule clothed with white tomentum. Tj . S. Na-
tive of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, near Tejuco,
Barbacena, &c., and near the town of St. Paul. Polystemon
triphyllus, D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1 830.
Tomentose Belangera. Tree.
4 B. SPECIOSA (Cambess. 1. c. p. 206. t. 117.) leaves of 5
leaflets ; leaflets ovate-elliptic or lanceolate, acute, sharply ser-
rated, glabrous. Jj . S. Native of Brazil, in that part of the
province of Minas Geraes called Minas Novas. Polystemon
pentaphyllus, D. Don, in edinb. phil. mag. April, 1830.
Beautiful Belangera. Tree.
Cult. See Weinmannia, p. 200., for culture and propagation.
XIV. BAUE'RA (named in honour of Francis and Ferdinand
Bauer, two celebrated German draughtsmen). Salisb. in ann.
bot. p. 512. t. 10.
LIN. SYST. Icosandria, Trigynia. Calyx 6-10-parted (f.
39. a.). Petals 6-10 (f. 39. c.). Stamens numerous, disposed
in a double order ; anthers peltate (f. 39. rf.) ; cells connate,
bursting lengthwise. Styles 2 (f. 39. 6.), glabrous ; stigmas
simple, obtuse. Capsule superior, 2-celled, 2-valved, opening
at the apex by a transverse chink ; cells few-seeded ; dissepi-
ment placentiferous. Seeds oblong-cylindrical, erect, branched,
leafy, roughish from resinous atoms. — Small shrubs, natives of
New Holland. Leaves 6 in a whorl, approximating by threes,
and therefore as it were opposite and ternate, exstipulate.
Flowers rosaceous, axillary, solitary, pedunculate.
1 B. UUBI^FOLIA (Salisb. in FIG 39.
ann. bot. 1. p. 514. t. 10.) leaves
lanceolate, crenated ; flowers po-
lypetalous. Jj . G. Native of
New Holland. B. rubioides,
Andr. bot. rep. t. 198. Sims,
bot. mag. 715. Vent. malm. t.
96. Calyx 8-10- cleft. Corolla
8-10-petalled, pale red, or pink.
Rubin-leaved Bauera. Fl. Jul.
Dec. Clt. 1793. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
2 B. HUVMII.IS (Sweet, hort.
suburb, p. 124.) leaves oblong,
crenated ; flowers polypetalous.
\ . G. Native of New Holland.
Lodd. bot. 1197. Calyx 8-10-
cleft. Corolla 8-10-petalled, red, one half smaller than those
of B. rubicef blia, and the plant is altogether much smaller.
Hum lie Bauera. Fl. July, Dec. Clt. 1804. Shrub 1 foot.
3 B. BILLARDIE'RI (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1 830.)
leaves lanceolate, nearly quite entire ; flowers with 6 petals.
T? . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. B. rubioides, Labill.
mss. Habit of the rest.
La Billardier's Bauera. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
4 B. MICROPHY'LLA (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 289. D.
Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830.) leaves elliptic-oblong,
quite entire ; flowers with 6 petals. JJ . G. Native of New
Holland. Leaves like those of Thymus serpyllum. Flowers
smaller than those of B. rubiaefblia, red.
Small-leaved Bauera. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
5 B. CAPITA'TA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 13.) leaves
oblong, 3-lobed at the apex ; flowers terminal, capitate, sessile.
Tj . G. Native of New Holland, on the western coast.
Capitate-flowered Bauera. Shrub.
Cult. The species of this genus are very pretty little shrubs,
which flower nearly the whole year through ; they are therefore
very desirable plants for a greenhouse or conservatory. They
are rather hardy, and easily cultivated. An equal mixture of
sandy loam and peat is the best soil for them ; and young cut-
tings root freely in the same kind of soil, under a bell glass.
Tribe IV.
SYMPHYO'GYNE^l (from trvfujivw, symphyo, to join, and
ywVt gyne, a style ; styles joined). Stamens definite. Ovarium
free. Styles connate.
XV. GEI'SSOIS (from ytiaaov, geisson, the house-eaves;
seeds imbricated like the tiles on a house). Labill. sert. cal. p.
50. t. 50. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx deciduous. Pe-
tals wanting. Stamens 8. Style 1, with the base remaining ;
stigmas 2, simple. Capsule compressed, 2-celled, 2-valved ;
cells many-seeded. Seeds compressed, winged, with a mem-
branous testa. — A tree, with opposite, petiolate, quinate leaves ;
elliptic, obtuse, quite entire leaflets, which are pubescent be-
neath ; oblong, ribbed, undivided, caducous stipulas ; and axil-
lary, many-flowered racemes, which are either solitary or by
threes.
1 G. KACEMOSA (Labill. sert. caled. p. 50. t. 50.). Jj . G.
Native of New Caledonia.
Racemose Geissois. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Callicoma, p 202.
ORDER CXXI. GALACrNJi (plants agreeing with Galax
in important characters). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. Oct.
1828. — Francoacese, Adr. de Juss. in ann. des scien. vol. 25.
p. 7.
Calyx 4-5-parted, permanent. Petals 4-5, hypogynous, cadu-
cous, alternating with the calycine segments; stamens 8-10-16,
hypogynous, joined into a tube, which is toothed at the apex, or
distinct ; filaments or alternate teeth antheriferous. Ovarium com-
posed of 3 or 4 follicles, which are joined, therefore 3-4-celled ;
ovula indefinite ; stigma composed of 3-4 joined ones, undivided
or 4-lobed. Capsule 3-4-celled, 3-4-valved ; valves bearing the
dissepiments in the middle. Central placenta none. Seeds nu-
merous, minute, scobiform, inserted in the inner angle of the
cells ; outer testa loose, membranous, cellular : inner one very
thin, closely adhering to the albumen. Albumen copious, fleshy.
Embryo erect, terete, with short cotyledons, and a long cylin-
drical centripetal radicle. — Perennial American herbs. Leaves
radical, simple, lyrate, pinnatifid or serrated ; the teeth tip-
ped each by a gland. Flowers terminal, copious, disposed
in spicate racemes ; pedicels 1 -flowered, propped each by a per-
manent bracteole.
This order differs from Saxifragciceceby the presence of sterile
stamens, alternating with the fertile ones ; in the absence of a
central placenta ; and in the frequent quaternary arrangement,
in the parts of the calyx and corolla.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 GA'LAX. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens joined into
a tube, which is 10-toothed : the alternate teeth antheriferous;
anthers 1 -celled. Stigma entire. Capsule 3-celled.
2 FftANcbA. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Stamens distinct,
Dd 2
204
GALACIN.E. I. GALAX. II. FRANCOA. III. TETILLA. SAXIFRAGACE^E.
16, 8 of which are fertile ; anthers 2-celled. Stigma 4-lobed.
Capsule tetragonal, 4-celled.
3 TETI'LLA. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4, unequal. Stamens 8.
Styles 2, very short. Capsule 2-celled.
I. GA'LAX (from yaXa, gala, milk; in reference to the
whiteness of the flowers). Lin. gen. 276. Juss. gen. 420.—
Blandfbrdia, Andr. bot. rep. t. 343. — Viticella, Mitch, gen. 24.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals
5. Stamens joined into a tube, which is 10-toothed at the apex :
the alternate teeth bearing anthers; anthers 1 -celled : cell trans-
verse. Stigma of 3 joined ones, therefore trigonal, 3-furrowed.
Ovarium villous. Capsule 3-celled, destitute of any central
column. Seeds mucronate at both ends, as in Adspora of De
Candolle.— A small herbaceous plant ; with radical cordate
stiff crenated leaves ; and naked scapes (f. 40. c.), bearing a loose,
spicate raceme of small white flowers at the apex.
1 G. APHY'LLA (Lin. spec. FIG. 40.
289.). 1£.H. Native of Vir-
ginia. Sims, bot. mag. 754.
Anonymus or Belvedere. Clayt.
no. 4. Gron. virg. 25. — Bland-
fordia cordata, Andr. bot. rep. t.
343.
Leafless Galax. Fl. Ju. July.
Clt. 1786. PI. A to | foot.
Cult. This is a pretty little
plant ; succeeds best in peat soil,
and if planted out in a moist
situation, will grow and flower
freely. It is increased by divid-
ing at the roots.
II. FRANCOvA(to tl-.e memory of F. Franco, M.D. ofValen-
tia, a promoter of botany in the 16th century). Cav. in ann. sc.
nat. matr. 4. p. 237. icon. 4. p. 76. t. 596. D. Don, in edinb.
phil. journ. Oct. 1826. Adr. de Juss. 1. c. p. 6.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Tetragynia. Calyx 4-parted. Petals
4, spatulate, with their nerves pinnate and branched towards
the apex. Stamens 16, only 8 of which are antheriferous, these
are subulate or setaceous, and tapering at the apex ; the 8
sterile ones are flattened, obtuse, shorter and broader ; anthers
cordate, 2-celled, 2-lobed at the base : cells confluent at the
apex. Ovarium bluntly 4-sided, 4-celled, with 4 furrows,
which are opposite the dissepiments. Style very short, or
wanting ; stigma 4-lobed : lobes dilated, obtuse, and pruinose.
Capsule tetragonal, having the angles drawn out a little at the
apex into 4 tubercles, 4-celled, 4-valved; cells prominent, de-
hiscing by a longitudinal suture, many-seeded ; dissepiments
formed from a double lamina. Seeds ovate-oblong, fuscescent,
smooth, mutic. — Perennial herbs, natives of Chili, beset with
simple, deciduous hairs. Leaves lyrate, nearly like those of the
turnip, reticulately veined ; lobes roundish, toothed : terminal
one large, cordate, obtuse, sinuately toothed ; teeth terminated
each by a gland. Flowers red, terminal, copious, in spicate ra-
cemes, which are disposed in a panicle; pedicels 1-flowered.
1 F. APPENDICULA'TA (Cav. in ann. sc. nat. matr. 4. p. 273.
icon. 4. p. 76. t. 596.) stemless ; leaves petiolate ; racemes
loose, secund ; calycine segments lanceolate, acute ; lobes of
stigma cuneated, emarginate. 1£ . F. Native of the island of
San Carlos de Chiloe. D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. new ser. t.
151. — Herb hairy. Leaves petiolate, lyrate. Scape nearly sim-
ple. Petals pale red, marked each by a deeper spot in the middle.
Fertile filaments 3 times longer than the sterile ones.
AppendiculatedFrancoa. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1830. PI. 2 ft.
2 F. SONCHIFOLIA (Cav. icon. 4. in a note. D. Don, in edinb.
phil. journ. Oct. 1826.) plant caulescent; leaves sessile; ra-
cemes loose, nodding ; calycine segments dilated ; petals with in-
volute margins ; stigmas elliptic, entire. If. . F. Native of Chili.
D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. new ser. t. 169. Panke sonchifolia,
Willd. spec. 2. p. 487. Herb hairy. Leaves sessile, lyrate, at
length naked. Racemes nodding at the apex. Flowers secund,
drooping. Flowers scarlet, marked with a deeper spot in the
middle of each petal. Fertile filaments hardly 3 times longer
than the more slender sterile ones.
Sow-thistle-leaved Francoa. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1830. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
3 F. RAMbsA (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. Oct. 1826.) plant
caulescent ; leaves petiolate ; racemes spicate, erect ; calycine
segments lanceolate, obtuse, nerveless ; lobes of stigma cuneated.
I/ . F. Native of Chili, near Santiago. Herb erect, branched,
hairy. Stem furnished with small, petiolate, simple, deeply-
toothed leaves. Radical leaves not seen, but they are probably
lyrate. Flowers smaller and more numerous than in the rest
of the species, neither are they secund, but disposed on every
side of the racemes, erect ; petals obovate, obtuse. Fertile
filaments 4 times longer than the flattened, obtuse, sterile ones.
Style distinct, but very short; stigma 4-lobed; lobes cuneated,
emarginate, or 2-lobed, thick, with revolute margins.
Branched Francoa. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1831. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
Obs. — The Panketinctbria of Molina belongs to a very dis-
tinct genus from Francoa.
Cult. The species of Francoa are beautiful plants when in
flower, and deserve a place in every garden. A mixture of
peat and sand is the best soil for them ; they should be grown
in pots, well drained with sherds, to prevent their rotting. The
protection of a frame is sufficient for them in winter ; or they
may be planted out in the open ground, in a warm sheltered
situation, where they will probably survive the winter by a little
protection. They are only to be increased by seeds.
III. TETI'LLA (the Chili name of the plant). D. C. prod.
4. p. 667. Adr. de Juss. in ann. scienc. p. 7.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Digynia. Calyx 4-parted ; lobes
oval, equal. Petals 4, the 2 superior ones roundish-ovate,
large ; the 2 inferior ones small, oblong. Stamens 8. Ova-
rium ovate, clothed with glandular pubescence. Styles 2,
very short, smoothish, slender. Capsule 2-celled, dehiscing
at the apex at the dissepiments, many-seeded. — A smoothish
slender herb. Radical leaves on long petioles, orbicular, pro-
foundly cordate, with the recess closed, palmately 3-nerved,
sinuately toothed ; recesses broad, obtuse, mucronulate. Scape
erect, naked, simple. Racemes elongated; pedicels short, 1-
flowered, longer than the bracteas ; larger petals cream-coloured,
red at the base, smaller ones red.
1 T. HYDROCOTYLJEFOLIA (D. C. 1. c.). If. . F. Native of
Chili, at Concon, in the mountains of Leone, where it is called
Tetilla by the natives.
Hodrocotyle-leaved Tetilla. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. This is a curious and beautiful plant. Its culture and
propagation are the same as that recommended for the species of
the genus Francoa.
ORDER CXXII. SAXIFRAGA'CEJi (plants agreeing with
Sajcifraga in important characters). D. C. prod. 4. p. 1. —
Saxifragas, Juss. gen. p. 308. — Saxifrageae, Vent. tabl. 3. p.
277. D. C. fl. franc. 4. p. 358.
SAXIFRAGACE^E.
205
Calyx either superior or inferior, of 4 or 5 sepals (f. 42. a. f.
43. a.), which cohere more or less at their base. Petals 5 (f.
42. b. f. 45. d.) or wanting, inserted between the lobes of the
calyx. Stamens 5-10, inserted either into the calyx or beneath
the ovarium ; therefore they are either perigynous or hypogy-
nous ; anthers 2-celled, bursting lengthwise. Disk either hypo-
gynous or perigynous, sometimes obsolete, sometimes annular
and notched, rarely consisting of 5 scales. Ovarium inferior, or
nearly superior, usually consisting of 2 or 5 carpels (f. 42. d. f.
4C. e. f. 48. e.) or follicles, cohering more or less on the inner
side, but distinct at the apex ; sometimes 2-celled, with a cen-
tral placenta ; sometimes 1-celled, with parietal placentas,
rarely 4-5-celled. Styles none ; stigmas sessile on the tips of
the lobes of the ovarium (f. 42. e. f. 52. e.). Fruit generally a
membranous 1 -2-celled capsule, with 2 bracteas, rarely a 4-5-
celled 4-5-valved capsule, and sometimes a 4-celled berry. Seeds
numerous, very minute, usually with long hexagonal reticula-
tions on the side of a transparent testa. Embryo terete, in the
axis of a fleshy albumen, with the radicle next the hylum. —
Shrubs or herbs, variable in habit. Leaves simple, either divided
or entire, alternate, without stipulas. Flower-stems simple,
often naked.
The plants of this order agree in some respects with the her-
baceous part of Rosacece, with which they agree in habit, and
from which they differ in their polyspermous partially concrete
carpella, albuminous seeds, and want of stipulas. From Cunoni-
acece they are divided by their habit, and by the want of
stipulas. To Caryophylleee their habit allies them ; but they
differ in the insertion of their stamens, the situation of the em-
bryo, and otherwise. Grossulariece agree very much in the
structure of the flowers, but differ from them in the capsular
fruit, usually 2-celled ovarium, in the seeds being without aril,
furnished with a short podosperm, not gelatinous on the outside,
and in the more fleshy albumen and habit. From Crassulacece
they differ in the fewer carpella, which are joined together, and
usually with the calyx ; and in having no glands on the inner
side of the carpella. From UmbeUiferce they are easily distin-
guished in the carpella or cells of the ovarium being dehiscent
and many seeded, not indehiscent and 1 -seeded, in the form of
the petals, in the absence of villas, and in habit. From Vibur-
neae, to which the tribe Hydrangece comes very near, in the fruit
being capsular, not baccate, and in the styles being exserted, not
wanling, &c. From Vacciniece, Campanulacece, Ericece, Gen-
tianeee, in ihe corolla being polypetalous, not gamopetalous.
The genus Drummondia has ihe stamens equal in number to the
petals, and opposile them ; ihus indicaling some analogy to the
monopelalous Primulacece.
According lo De Candolle ihe whole order is more or
less astringent. The root of Heuchera Americana is a power-
ful astringent, whence it is called in North America alum-
root, Barton, 2. p. 162. Otherwise they possess no known
properties ; for the old idea of iheir being lilhontriplic ap-
pears to have been derived from their name, rather than their
virtues.
Synopsis of the genera.
TRIBE I.
SAXIFRA'GE* (plants agreeing with Saxifraga in being herba-
ceous). D. C. prod. 4. p. 17. — Saxifragece, R. Br. gen. rem.
exclusive of Hydrdngece.
§ 1. Stamens twice the number of the petals or sepals.
1 SAXI'FRAGA. Calyx 5-parted (f. 41. a. f. 42. a.). Pe-
tals 5 (f. 41. b. f. 42. b. f. 46. c.), on short claws, entire.
Slamens 10 (f. 42. c. f. 46. d.). Capsule adnate lo ihe calyx or
free, composed of 2 carpella (f. 42. d.), which are usually joined
even lo the style, many seeded (f. 42./.).
2 ERIOOY'NIA. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, hardly unguiculate.
Stamens 20, monadelphous at ihe base. Ovaries 4-6, free, con-
nected logelher by dense wool. Carpels distincl, 4-6, free from
ihe calyx, many seeded.
3 LEPTARRHE'NA. Calyx 5-paried (f. 47. a.). Petals 5 (f.
47. &.), entire, on short claws. Stamens 10 ; anthers (f. 47. c.),
1-celled, 2-valved. Capsule composed of 2 carpels (f. 47. e.),
which are joined at the base, many seeded.
4 CHRYSOSPLE'NIUM. Tube of calyx adhering to the ovarium;
limb 4-5-lobed. Petals wanting. Stamens 8-10. Styles 2.
Capsule 2-valved and 2-beaked, at length 1-celled and many
seeded.
5 MITE'LLA. Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 5, jagged or toothed.
Stamens 10. Styles 2, joined. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved,
many seeded.
6 TE'LLIMA. Free parl of ihe calyx inflated, 5-loothed (f.
49. &.), ihe adhering parl conical. Petals 5 (f. 49. c.), jagged.
Stamens 10 (f. 49. a.). Styles 2-3, distinct. Capsule (f. 49./.),
1-celled, 2-valved al ihe apex.
7 DRUMMONDIA. Calyx with an obconical lube (f. 50. 6.),
and a 5-clefl limb. Pelals 5 (f. 50. c.), pinnaiifid. Stamens 5.
Stigmas 2, spreading, 2-lobed. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved,
many seeded (f. 50. rf.).
8 TIARE'LLA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, unguiculate, entire.
Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, adnate to
the bollom of ihe calyx ; valves unequal, dehiscing between ihe
slyles. Seeds numerous.
9 ASTI'LBE. Calyx deeply 4-5-parted, coloured. Petals
wanting. Stamens 8-10. Styles 2 ; stigmas truncate. Capsule
2-celled, 2-beaked, many seeded.
§ 2. Stamens equal in number to the petals, or fewer, and
alternating with them.
10 HEUCHE'RA. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 51 . b.). Petals 5 (f. 51. a.),
undivided. Stamens 5. Styles 2 (f. 51. c.), very long, dislincl.
Capsule crowned by the dead flower, 1-celled, dehiscing between
the slyles (f. 51. d.). Seeds rough.
1 1 DONA' TIA. Tube of calyx lurbinale ; limb truncate, witli
2 opposite acuminated triangular teeth. Petals 9 (8-10, Forst.),
narrow. Slamens 3. Slyles 3-5. Ovarium 2-3-celled ; ovula
numerous. Fruil capsular.
206
SAXIFRAGACE^E. I. SAXIFRAGA.
12 LEPUROPE'TALUM. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, scale-
formed. Stamens 5. Styles 3, somewhat concrete at the base.
Capsule 1 -celled, 3-valved at the apex, many seeded.
13 VA'HLIA. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, spreading,
undivided. Stamens 5. Styles 2, capitate at the apex. Cap-
sule 1 -celled, 2-valved at the apex, 5-furrowed, crowned by the
lobes of the calyx. Seeds convex on the outside.
14 CRYPTOPE'TALUM. Calyx turbinate, 5-cleft. Petals 5,
minute, spatulate. Stamens 5. Styles 3. Capsule 1 -celled,
3-valved, opening at the cells in the free part, with a parietal
placenta in the middle of each valve.
TRIBE II.
HYDRANGEA (plants agreeing with Hydrangea in being
shrubby). D. C. prod. 4. p. 13.
15 HYDRA'NGEA. Flowers usually of two forms, one fertile
and hermaphrodite. Calyx globose, 10-ribbed, rather truncate ;
limb 5-toothed. Petals 5. Stamens 10. Styles 2, distinct.
Capsule 2-celled, with bent-in valves, dehiscing by a hole be-
tween the styles.
16 CORIS-IDIA. Tube of calyx globose ; limb 4-toothed. Pe-
tals 4. Stamens 8. Styles 3-4, thick, fleshy. Fruit 4-celled,
many seeded.
17 CIANITIS. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, rather
fleshy. Stamens 10. Styles 3-5; stigmas obtuse. Berry
crowned by the teeth of the calyx, somewhat 3-5-celled, many
seeded.
18 ADA' MIA. Limb of calyx with 5 short teeth. Petals 5.
Stamens 10. Styles 5, ending in rather club-shaped 2-lobed
stigmas. Berry crowned by the teeth of the calyx, somewhat
5-celled, many seeded.
19 BROUSSAI'SIA. Calyx 5-parted, hemispherical, free from
the ovarium. Petals 5, oblong, acuminated, with the acumen
reflexed as in umbelliferous plants. Stamens 10, hypogynous.
Ovarium roundish, crowned by the short style and truncate
stigma, 5-celled ; cells many seeded.
Tribe I.
^SAXIFRAvGE5i (plants agreeing with Saxifraga in being
herbaceous). D. C. prod. 4. p. 17. Saxifragese, R. Br. gen.
rem. exclusive of Hydrangeas. Herbs variable in habit, usually
dwarf. Leaves exstipulate, alternate, rarely opposite. Flowers
disposed in racemes or panicles, rarely solitary, all fertile.
§ 1. Stamens twice the number of the petals and sepals.
I. SAXI'FRAGA (from saxum, a stone, and frango, to
break ; supposed medical virtues in that disease). Lin. gen. 764.
Juss. gen. p. 309. Lam. ill. t. 372. Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 177. t.
36. D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 341. Sternb. enum. sax. et
suppl. 1. Moretti, tent. sax. Gaudin, fl. helv. 3. p. 83. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 17.
LIN. SYST. Decandria, Digynia. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 41. a. f.
42. a. f. 46. a.). Petals 5 (f. 42. b. f. 46. c.), entire, unguicu-
late. Stamens 10 (f. 42. c. f. 46. d.) ; anthers 2-celled. Styles
2 (f. 42. e.), permanent. Capsule (f. 42. d.) 2-celled, 2-valved,
2-beaked, opening within the beak by an orbicular hole, many
seeded. Seeds minute, smooth.
SECT. I. BERGE'NIA (in honour of Charles Aug. Bergen,
author of Flora Francofurtana, in one vol. 8vo. 1750, and other
botanical works). Moench, meth. 664. ex D. Don, in Lin. trans,
13. p. 343. Geryonia, Schrank, Tauch, and Sternb. — Erophe-
ron, Tauch, hort. canal, fasc. 1. Megasea, Haw. enum. sax. 6.
Calyx campanulate, 5-parted, wrinkled on the outside ; segments
conniving. Petals unguiculated, inserted in the calyx. Stamens
inserted in the throat of the calyx ; filaments subulate ; anthers
roundish. Styles hollow inside, full of seeds, joined at the base,
at length turgid, and changing into a profoundly bipartite cap-
sule ; stigmas semiglobose, glabrous ; seeds cylindrical. — Peren-
nial herbs, with thick woody roots. Leaves large, fleshy. Pe-
tioles furnished by entire membranous stipulas along both sides
at the base. Flowers red, disposed in thyrsoid panicles.
1 S. CRASSIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 573.) leaves oval or obovate,
very blunt, glabrous, serrulated ; petals elliptic-oblong. tj . H.
Native of Siberia, on the Alps. Curt. bot. mag. 196. Gmel. fl.
sib. 4. p. 166. t. 56. Megasea crassifolia, Haw. enum. sax.
p. 6. Flowers large, red. The root is stiptic or astringent
when chewed.
Far. /3, Hantorthiana (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 36.) leaves
somewhat orbicularly cordate, flat, hardly crenated. 7£. H.
Native of Siberia. Megasea media, Haw. enum. sax. 7.
Thick-leaved Saxifraga. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1765. PI. 1 ft.
2 S. CORDIFOLIA (Haw. misc. nat. 157.) leaves orbicularly
cordate, serrated, glabrous ; petals roundish. If. . H. Native
of Siberia, on the Alps. Meg&sea cordifolia, Haw. enum. sax.
7. Flowers large, red.
Heart-leaved Saxifraga. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1779. PI. 1 ft.
3 S. LIGULA'TA (Wall, in asiat. res. 13. p. 398. with a figure)
leaves obovate, subcordate, denticulated, quite glabrous on both
surfaces, but ciliated on the margins ; panicle dichotomous ;
petals broad, orbicular. I/ . F. Native of Nipaul, and the
east of Bengal, on the alps. Lodd. bot. cab. 747. Sweet, fl.
gard. t. 59. S. Pacumbis, Buch. mss. Meg&sea ciliata, Haw.
enum. sax. 7. Flowers very pale red, almost white.
Var. ft, minor (Wall, mss.) leaves much smaller ; flowers
more loose, and distant.
Ligulate-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 ft.
SECT. II. GYNO'PERA (from yvvri, gyne, a style, in botanical
language, and irtpa, pera, beyond ; in reference to the styles
being above the stamens). Diptera, Borkh. ex Tausch, 1. c. Au-
laxis, Haw. syn. sax. p. 46. Hydatica, Tausch, hort. can. Neck,
elem. 2. p. 387. Robertsonia, Haw. syn. succ. p. 311. enum.
sax. p. 52. Calyx 5-leaved, reflexed. Petals hypogynous,
sessile. Stamens hypogynous ; filaments clavate ; anthers kid-
ney-shaped. Styles conniving ; stigmas simple, beardless. Cap-
sule roundish, naked. Seeds spherical. — Perennial tufted herbs,
furnished with short surculi. Leaves fleshy, undivided, for the
most part cartilaginously serrated. Scapes erect, branched.
Flowers small, panicled, rose-coloured or white, dotted.
4 S. GE'UM (Lin. spec. 574.) leaves reniform, crenated, pilose
on both surfaces, adult ones crowded and spreading ; petioles
very long, nearly terete, villous ; calycine segments ovate, ob-
tuse. I/ . H. Native of Siberia, Switzerland : and the hills in
Ireland, especially on a mountain, near Dingle, in the county of
Kerry. Sternb. rev. sax. p. 15. Lapeyr. fl. pyr. t. 24. Smith,
engl. bot. 1561. S. punctata, Sternb. sax. p. 18. S. umbrosa
punctata, Smith, engl. fl. 1. p. 263. Sax. hirsuta /3, geum,
Arnott et Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 42. Robertsonia geum,
Haw. enum. sax. p. 53. — Gmel. sib. 3. p. 161. t. 65. f. 1.
SAXIFRAGACE/E. I. SAXIFRAGA.
207
Petals white or pale red, furnished at the base with red and
yellow spots.
Far. ft, dentata (Haw. enum. sax. p. 53.) leaves reniform,
round, crenately toothed ; petals marked with yellow and red
dots. 2/ • H. Native on the mountains of Ireland. Robert-
sdnia dentata, Haw. syn. p. 323. Sax. dentata, Loud. hort.
brit. p. 176.
Var. y, crenata (Haw. 1. c.) hairy; leaves reniform, round,
bluntly crenated. If. . H. Robertsonia crenata, Haw. 1. c. S.
crenata, Loud. hort. brit. p. 53.
Var. S, polita (Haw. 1. c.) hairy ; leaves reniform, roundish,
sharply toothed, with the surface naked and smooth. If.. H.
Native on the mountains of Ireland. Roberts6nia polita, Haw.
I.e. S. polita, Loud. hort. brit. p. 176.
Geum Saxifrage. Fl. May, July. Ireland. PI. 1 foot.
5 S. HIRSU TA (Lin. spec. 574.) leaves oval, acutely serrated,
rounded at the base or cordate, pilose on both surfaces, when
adult erect ; petioles very long, nearly terete, villous ; pedicels
elongated, 1 -flowered. I/. H. Native of the Pyrenees and
Ireland, on moist rocks ; in Ireland on mountains in the county
of Kerry. Lapeyr. fl. pyr. sax. p. 45. t. 23. Smith, engl. bot.
2322. Sternb. sax. p. 14. Robertsonia hirsuta, Haw. enum.
sax. p. 54. Petals white, furnished with numerous red and
yellow dots. S. hirsuta, var. a, serrata, Arnott, in D. C. prod.
4. p. 42. S. elegans and S. gracilis, Mack, ex Hook, in litt.
5. polita, Link, et Hort.
Var. ft ; leaves roundish, cordate, glabrous on both surfaces.
Var. y, sphceroidea (Haw. enum. sax. p. 54.) leaves broadly
oval, somewhat cordate, bluntly crenated, with the surface
naked. If. . H. Native of the Pyrenees. Robertsonia sphse-
roidea, Haw. syn. 32?. S. sphaeroidea, Loud. hort. brit. 176.
Hairy Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Ireland. PI. -|- to 1 ft.
6 S. UMBROSA (Lin. spec. p. 574.) leaves obovate, retuse,
cartilaginously crenated, quite glabrous, crowded and spreading
in the adult state ; petioles short, compressedly dilated ; pedicels
iew-flowered. 1£. H. Native of the Pyrenees and Ireland,
n the clefts of rocks and on the mountains. In several parts
of Ireland ; plentiful on a mountain called the Mangeston, county
of Kerry ; on the mountains of Sligo ; on Croagh Patrick, near
the Lake of Killarney, in great abundance ; in Thorp Arch
woods, near Wetherby, Yorkshire ; betwixt Arncliffe and Hor-
ton, in Craven. Mill. fig. 141. f, 2. Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 44.
t. 22. Smith, engl. bot. 633. Sternb. sax. p. 14. Robert-
sonia umbrosa, brevipes, et 16ngipes, Haw. sax. p. 55. S. spa-
tularis, Brot. fl. his. 2. p. 1 72. Petals oval, of a reddish white
colour, full of scarlet and yellow dots, with 3 conspicuous
branched nerves. The plant is very variable in habit.
Var. ft, punctata (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 352.) leaves
roundish, sharply serrated : adult ones erect ; petioles longer.
. H. Native of Siberia and Ireland, on the mountains ; also
of Kotzebue's Sound. S. punctata, Lin. spec. p. 574. Sternb.
suppl. f. 1. S. gracilis, Step, in Sternb. sax. suppl. 1. p. 5. t. 5.
but not of Schleich. S. geum, herb. Patrin. S. semidecandra,
Worsm. and S. sestivalis, ex Fisch. in litt. Robertsonia punc-
tata, Haw. enum. sax. p. 55 — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 161. no. 71. t. 66.
Var. y, serratifblia (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 352.)
leaves oblong-ovate, deeply serrated : adult ones erect ; petioles
longer. If. . H. Native of Ireland, on the mountains. S.
serratifblia, Mackay, in lit. Robertsonia punctata ft, serrata,
Haw. enum. sax. p. 55.
Shady Saxifrage, None-so-pretty, or London-pride. Fl. April,
June. Ireland. PI. -| to 1 foot.
7 S. cuNEirbLiA (Lin. spec. p. 574.) leaves cuneiform, re-
pandly crenated, glabrous : adult ones crowded, spreading ;
petioles linear, very narrow, naked ; calycine segments oblong,
acute; petals spatulate. 1£.H. Native of the Pyrenees, Alps
of Switzerland, Styria, Hungary, and Norway. Scop. earn,
t. 13. Schmied. fasc. t. 12. no. 37. Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1.
p. 43. t. 44. Sternb. sax. p. 14. S. punctata, Gunn. fl. norv.
no. 1076. act. hafn. 10. p. 445. t. 3. f. 10. — Gesn. fasc. 19.
t. 12. f. 37. Morretti, tent. sax. p. 31. Gaudin, fl. helv. 3.
p. 97. Robertsonia cuneifolia, Haw. enum. sax. p. 56. S.
cuneifolia diversifolia, Ser. in Meisn. anz. 1818. p. 73. Plant
tufted. Petals spatulate, furnished with a solitary yellow spot.
Var. ft, Davurica (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 354.) leaves
opaque, toothed; flowers larger. If.. H. Native of Siberia.
S. Davurica, Hort. but not of Willd. Robertsonia Daurica,
Haw. enum. sax. p. 56.
Wedge-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1768. PL ^
to | foot.
8 S. PAUCIFLORA (Sternb. rev. sax. suppl. 1. p. 6. t. 4. f. 2.)
root tufted ; leaves roundish or ovate-roundish, toothed, cu-
neated at the base, running down the petiole, which is short ;
petals ovate, unguiculate, longer than the calyx. 7£. H. Na-
tive of Siberia and Kamtschatka. Petals spotted.
Few-flowered Saxifrage. PI. -| foot.
9 S. SPICA'TA (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 354.) leaves on
long petioles, orbicularly cordate, sharply serrated, veiny, pilose;
petioles dilated at the base ; raceme elongated, spike-formed ;
calycine segments very short. If. . H. Native of Sledge
Island, on the west coast of America. S. geum, Pursh,
fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 311. but not of Lin. Plant tufted. Petals
elliptic-oblong, dotted, 3-nerved, with the nerves branched.
<$7M'A:e-flowered Saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
10 S. NELSONIA'NA (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 355.) leaves
orbicularly-cordate, somewhat peltate, deeply serrated ; petioles
very long, filiform ; thyrse ovate. I/. H. Native of the north-
west coast of America, at Cape Newnham, and at Kotzebue's
Sound. Hook, et Arn. in Beech, bot. p. 124. t. 29. Flowers
on short pedicels ; petals oval, white, dotless ; filaments white.
A beautiful species.
Nelson's Saxifrage. PL -| to 1 foot.
US. ARGU'TA (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 356.) leaves
roundish-reniform, deeply serrated, glabrous ; petioles filiform ;
scape slender, smooth ; calycine segments oblong, acute. If. . H.
Native of the western coast of America. Flowers white, size
of those of S. stellaris.
Sharp-cul-\ea\7ed Saxifrage. PI. -j foot.
12 S. STELLA'RIS (Lin. spec. p. 572.) leaves aggregate, rhom-
boid-ovate, sessile, acutely toothed, but narrowed, and quite
entire at the base ; petals ovate, acute, equal, unguiculate ;
scape nearly simple. %. . H. Native on most of the mountains
of Scotland, north of England, and nearly throughout the whole
of Europe, Siberia, and the western coast of America, on wet
shady rocks, and by the sides of rivulets. Fl. dan. t. 23. Jacq.
coll. 1. p. 202. t. 13. Scop. earn. 1. p. 292. t. 13. Smith,
engl. bot. t. 167. Sternb. sax. p. 11. S. Nootkana, Moc. icon,
ined. t. 422. Spatularia stellaris, Haw. enum. sax. p. 49.
Petals white, elegantly 3-nerved, furnished with 2 yellow spots
at the base.
Var. ft, elata (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 357.) scapes nu-
merous, a foot high. If. . H. Native of Siberia.
Var. y. angustifolia (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves narrower and
longer, with few teeth at the apex. % . H. Native of Siberia.
Var. c, Schleicheri (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves obovate, repandly
crenated ; scapes humble, flexuous. If. . H. Native of Swit-
zerland, on the Alps. S. stellaris, Schleich. in litt.
Var. e, Belldrdi (D. Don, 1. c.) plant stemless ; leaves roundish,
repand; flowers sessile. 1{,.H. Native of the Alps of Pied-
mont. S. Bellardi, Allion. pedem. no. 1536. t. 88. f. 1.
208
SAXIFRAGACE^. I. SAXIFRAGA.
Var. £, disstmilis ; leaves with deep broad teeth. I/ . H. Na-
tive of Scotland, on the western Highlands. S. dissimilis, G.
Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 176.
Var. 77, untflbra (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 379. var. a.) plant very
minute; scapes 1 -flowered. %. H. Native of Switzerland, on
the Alps. S. stellaris ft, pumila, Gauditi, fl. helv. 3. p. 100.
Var. S, acaulis (Hall. fil. in Meisn. anz. 1818. p. 76 ) flowers
sessile, in the heart of the leaves. !(. . H,
Starry Saxifrage. Fl. June, Jul. Scotland. PI. -J- foot.
13 S. FOLIOLOSA (R. Br. in Parry's 1st voy. app. p. 275.)
radical leaves cuneated, a little toothed ; scape divided : branches
bearing 1 flower at the apex, covered below by a fascicle of
small leaves ; calyx inferior, obovate ; segments of the petals
cordate-lanceolate. 1(.H. Native of Lapland, Melville Island,
and other arctic islands. S. stellaris y, Lin. fl. lapp. ed Smith,
p. 144. t. 2. f. 3. S. stellaris j3, comosa, Willd. spec. 2. p. 641.
Leafy Saxifrage. PI. \ foot.
14 S. LEUCANTHEMIFOLIA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 260.)
clothed with clammy pubescence ; leaves crowded, lanceolate-
cuneated, acutely and coarsely toothed, quite entire at the base ;
scape much branched, diffuse ; petals ovate, acute, unguiculate :
3 outer ones the largest. 1£. H. Native of the Pyrenees;
and of North America, in Behring's Straits, Nootka Sound, on
the Rocky Mountains, and at Portage, near the source of the
Columbia. Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 49. t. 25. Hook, in hot. mag.
2959. S. Clusii, Gouan. ill. p. 28. exclusive of the synonymes.
Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 40. S. ferruginea, Graham in edinb.
phil. journ. 1828. p. 348. Spatularia Clusii and S. leucanthe-
inif olia, Haw. enum. sax. p. 48. Petals white : 3 outer ones
the largest, and with 2 spots at the base : the 2 inner ones much
smaller and spotless.
Var. (3; plant clothed with pubescent tomentum. y.. H.
Native of the north-west coast of America, on Dundas Island,
in Queen Charlotte's Sound.
Leucanthemum-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. June. Clt. 1812. PI.
i to •§• foot.
15 S. MELALEU'CA (Fiscli. in Sternb. rev. sax. suppl. S. t. 3.)
leaves roundish ovate, acutish, somewhat denticulated, tapering
into the petiole, glabrous ; scape few-flowered, also glabrous ;
flowers disposed in a somewhat panicled corymb ; calycine seg-
ments ovate, acute ; petals unguiculate. I/ . H. Native of
Altaia, on the Alps at the river Tschulyschm, and at Lake Te-
letskoje Osero. S. elongata ft, glabra, Sternb. rev. sax. p. 9.
Petals obovate, pale sulphur coloured, suffused with violet on
the outside ; filaments of a pale violet colour. Leaves greenish
yellow ; upper part of plant of a deep violet colour.
Black and white Saxifrage. PI. ^ to ^ foot.
16 S. STRIGOSA (Wall. cat. no. 448?) lower leaves sessile,
somewhat rosulate, oblong-lanceolate, few-toothed, mucronate
at the apex, clothed with strigose hairs ; cauline leaves lanceo-
late-linear, acute, entire, much smaller than the lower ones ;
stem simple, few-flowered, and is as well as the pedicels beset
with numerous capitate hairs ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; petals
3-nerved, obtuse ; styles very short ; stigmas thickish. 1£. H.
Native of Nipaul, on the Emodi mountains at Gosainsthan, and
at Kamoon. Leaves almost the size and form of those of
A'rabis alplna. Filaments flat.
Strigose Saxifrage. PI. ^ foot.
1 7 S. SARMENTOSA (Lin. h'l. suppl. p. 240.) stolons or runners
creeping ; leaves orbicularly cordate, lobately crenated, pilose,
red beneath ; petals unguiculate, the 2 outer ones large and
flaccid. I/ . F. Native of China and Japan, in moist places on
mountains, among stones. Schreb. mon. dion. p. 16. t. 2. f. 3.
Curt. hot. mag. 92. S. stolonifera, Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 80.
Ligularia sarmentosa, Duval, pi. sec. p. 11. ex Haw. enum. sax.
p. 50. Diptera sarmentosa, Borkh. in Rcem. mag. 1. p. 29.
S. ligulata, Murr. comm. 1781. p. 26. t. 1. S. Chinensis, Lour,
coch. p. 281. Petals white : 3 inner ones cordate ; of these 3 the
lateral ones are marked by a yellow spot at the base ; and the
central one by 2 scarlet spots at the base : but the 2 outer petals
are large, flaccid, and 3-nerved.
Var. ft, cuscutceformis (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 43.) plant
much smaller ; stem usually 3-flowered ; leaves ovate-roundish,
coarsely and simply toothed ; flowers less irregular ; petals
more acute. 1(..F. Native of China. S. cuscutaeformis, Lodd.
hot. cab. t. 186. Ligularia minor, Haw. enum. sax. p. 151.
The stolons or runners resemble dodder very much.
Creeping Saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1771; ft 1815.
PI. | foot.
18 S. EROSA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 311.) leaves lanceo-
late, acute, glabrous, runcinately serrated ; panicle divaricate,
pyramidal; pedicels elongated, 1 -flowered ; petals oblong-oval,
obtuse, unguiculate. 1£. H. Native of Carolina, on the higher
mountains, in stony rivulets. S. Caroliniana, gracilis, and erosa,
Schleich. cat. 1821. p. 63. Robertsonia micranthifolia, Haw.
syn. succ. 322. Aulaxis micranthifolia, Haw. enum. sax.
p. 47. Petals white, 3-nerved, with a yellow spot at the base.
Var, ft; leaves hairy.
.Enwe-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May.Ju. Clt. 1812. PI. ltol|ft.
19 S. ? NU'DA (Haw. enum. sax. p. 47. under Aulaxis)
leaves naked, doubly and deeply toothed. I/ . H. Native
country unknown.
Naked-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. ? PI. | to 1 ft.
SECT. III. LEIOGVNE (from Xttoc, leios, smooth ; and ywr/,
gyne, a female ; in reference to the stigmas being beardless).
D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 344. Calyx deeply 5-cleft (f.
41. a.). Petals (f. 41. 6.) sessile in most of the species. Sta-
mens inserted in the throat of the calyx (f. 41. c.); filaments
subulate. Styles straight ; stigmas orbicular, flattish, beard-
less. Capsule free from the calyx (f. 41. rf.). Seeds roundish.
— Humble herbs, rarely subshrubs. Roots fibrous, but in many
of the species they are granular. Stems flexuous, usually
many-flowered and many-leaved. Leaves in all reniform and
lobed. Flowers white or yellow.
20 S. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Lin. spec. p. 576.) leaves reniform, un-
equally and coarsely toothed : cauline ones petiolate ; petals
lanceolate, acute. TJ. . H. Native of Austria, Switzerland, and
Siberia. Mill. fig. t. 141. Curt. bot. mag. t. 424. Lapeyr.
pyr. sax. t. 26. Micropetalum rotundifolium, Haw. enum.
sax. p. 16-17. Petals white, marked with scarlet dots, 3-nerved.
Var. ft, repanda (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 361.) plant
larger and more robust; leaves broader. If. H. Native of
the Alps of Caucasus. S. repanda, Sternb. rev. sax. p. 17. t. 5.
S. rotundifolia, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 315. Micropetalum majus,
Haw. enum. sax. p. 17.
Round-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1596. PI. 1 ft.
21 S. HY'BRIDA (Sternb. sax. p. 17. t. 8. f. 3.) radical leaves
petiolate, roundish- cuneated, crenated : cauline ones minute,
entire; stem panicled. l/.H. Native of the Pyrenees. Very
like S. rotundifblia, but differs in the smaller stature and slen-
derer habit ; in the leaves being acute at the base, not cordate,
and in the cauline ones being minute, entire, and nearly sessile.
Hybrid Saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
22 S. DivERSirbuA (Wall. cat. no. 452.) leaves thickish,
more or less pilose, of many forms ; lower ones cordate, petio-
late : cauline ones petiolate, or sessile and stem-clasping, en-
tire, of a different colour beneath, reticulately veined, marked
above by small depressed dots ; flowers in panicled corymbs ;
bracteas and calyxes more or less ciliated with short, capitate
SAXIFRAGACE.E. I. SAXIFRAGA.
209
hairs ; pedicels beset with glandular hairs. 1£ . F. Native of
Nipaul, in Emodi, Gosaingsthan and Kamaon. Root fibrous.
Stern firm, leafy. Calycine lobes spreading. Petals obovate,
yellow, 5-nerved. Styles diverging at maturity. Stigmas thick.
Var. a, lanceoldta (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 44.) leaves lan-
ceolate : lower ones not seen : but the middle ones are attenuated
at the base, and acutish ; calycine lobes oblong, beset with glan-
dular hairs. Tj.. F. S. diversifolia, Wall.
Var. ft, parnassijolia (Ser. 1. c.) radical leaves cordate, obtuse,
on long petioles : cauline ones cordate, stem-clasping, obtuse ;
calycine lobes oblong, beset with glandular pili. If.. F. S.
parnassifolia, Wall. cat. no. 451.
Var. "Y, Moorcroftiana (Ser. 1. c.) lower leaves elliptic :
cauline ones stem-clasping, ovate-oblong, numerous ; flowers
larger; calycine lobes more ciliated with glands. "H.. F. S.
Moorcroftiana, Wall. cat. no. 453.
Diverse-leaved Saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
23 S. PARVIFLORA (Biv. stirp. rar. fasc. 4. p. 1. t. 3.) stem
branched at the base, or simple ; leaves reniform, 5-lobed :
superior ones 3-lobed : uppermost ones entire, lanceolate ; pe-
duncles spreading, opposite the leaves ; petals obovate, longer
than the calyx. "%. . F. Native of Sicily, in the mountains, on
mossy rocks. — Cup. panpli. 3. t. 36. Flowers white, almost
like those of Stellaria media. Styles very short, diverging ;
stigmas spatulate, papillose. Capsule bladdery, slender.
Var. a, ramosa (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 44.) stem branched
at the base, few-flowered ; lower leaves 5-lobed, crenated : su-
perior ones 3-lobed. y. . F. Native among rocks, on Mount
Maronis, near the monastery of St. Martini de Scalis. Bernard!,
1. c. t. 3.
Var. ft, Bocconiana (Ser. 1. c.) stem purple, erect, 2- flowered :
lower leaves 3-lobed, or lanceolate, entire. 7£. F. Native on
the mountains, about Palermo, (ex Guss. Bocc. cent. 2. p. 4.
t. 45. f. 2.)
Small-flowered Saxifrage. PI. \ foot.
24 S. CYMBALA'RIA (Lin. spec. 579.) lower leaves reniform,
on long petioles, very bluntly 5-lobed : upper ones 3-lobed or
undivided ; calycine segments oblong, obtuse ; petals ovate,
acute, with branched nerves. If. . H. Native of the Levant,
on Parnassus Delphus and other Grecian mountains. Smith, fl.
grsec. 378. S. hederacea, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 317. exclusive
of the synonymes. Lobaria cymbalaria, Haw. enum. sax. p. 18.
— Buxb. cent. 2. p. 40. t. 45. f. 2. — Vaill. itin. ed. gall. t. 362.
Flowers small, golden yellow. Stems numerous, leafy, slender,
flaccid, creeping at the base.
Cymbalaria-like Saxifrage. PI. cr.
25 S. HEDERA'CEA (Lin. spec. 579.) lower leaves acutely 8-
lobed : upper ones ovate, entire ; calycine segments ovate,
acute; petals roundish, unguiculate. O- H. Native of Can-
dia and Cyprus, among humid shaded rocks. Smith, fl. graec.
t. 379. Lobaria hederacea, Haw. enum. sax. 18. Plant small;
stems numerous, filiform. Flowers small, white.
hy-like Saxifrage. Fl. July. Clt. 1752. PI. pr.
26 S. ORIENTA'LIS (Jacq. obs. 2. p. 9. t. 34.) radical leaves
roundish : cauline ones cuneated, acutely and coarsely toothed ;
calycine segments ovate, acute ; petals oval, with simple nerves.
Q. H. Native of the Levant ; and of Caucasus, on the higher
mountains of Talusch, near springs and on the banks of rivulets.
S. reticulata, Sternb. sax. p. 21. t. 18. S. paradoxa, Sternb.
1. c. p. 22. t. 14.? Lobaria orientalis, paradoxa, and reticulata,
Haw. enum. sax. pp. 18. and 20. Stems erectish, branched,
decumbent at the base. Petals golden yellow, size of those of
S. hederacea.
Oriental Saxifrage. PI. dec.
27 S. Ru'ssi (Presl, del. prag. p. 140.) radical leaves petio-
late, repandly crenated, cordate at the base, somewhat 5-lobed :
VOL. III.
FIG. 41.
cauline ones sessile : lower ones 3-lobed, middle lobe the longest;
uppermost leaves lanceolate, entire ; sepals ovate ; petals lan-
ceolate, 3-nerved, twice the length of the calyx. If. . H. Na-
tive of Sicily, on rocks and among stones, about Giuliana. Plant
2-3 inches high, beset with short glandular hairs. Flowers
white.
Russo's Saxifrage. PI. -y foot.
28 S. JAME'SII (Torrey, in ann.
lye. new york 2. p. 204.) plant
beset with glandular pubescence;
lower leaves on long petioles,
reniform, crenately lobed ; upper
leaves tapering into the petiole,
cuneated, nearly sessile ; lobes of
calyx triangularly ovate, acute ;
petals spatulate, acute, on long
claws ; racemes secund ; brae-
teas lanceolate ; pedicels of ca-
lyxes glandular. 1£ . H. Native
of North America, among the
Rocky Mountains. Hook, fl.
bor. amer. 1. p. 247. t. 74.
Flowers about the size and colour
of those of S. oppositifolium (fig. 41.).
James's Saxifrage. PI. \ foot.
29 S. RICHARDSONII (Hook, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 247.) stem
glandular, leafy, pubescent above ; leaves on long petioles, or-
bicularly cordate, crenately lobed, veiny, with the margins and
veins glandular beneath ; glands pedicellate ; racemes rather
compound ; bracteas lanceolate, and are as well as the pedicels
glandular ; petals obovate-elliptic, on short claws, very acute,
nerved, about twice the length of the calycine segments, which
are acuminated ; stamens 5. "If.. H. Native of the Arctic
Sea shore, between the Mackenzie and Coppermine rivers ; and
of Kotzebue's Sound. S. Nelsoniana, Hook, et Am. in hot.
Beech, p. 124. t. 29. but not of D. Don. This and the pre-
ceding are very elegant plants.
Richardson's Saxifrage. PI. |- foot.
30 S. NUDICAU'LIS (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 366.) leaves
reniform, palmate, glabrous : lobes ovate, mucronate ; stem
erect, naked, terete ; flowers panicled ; lobes of calyx triangu-
larly ovate, acute ; petals obovate, a little longer than the calyx.
If. . H. Native of the north-west coast of America, Behring's
Straits. S. gracilis, Steph. in Sternb. rev. sax. suppl. p. 7.
t. 5. f. 1. ? Flowers panicled, white, size of those of S. rivularis.
Naked-stemmed Saxifrage. PI. -^ foot.
31 S. HETERA'KTHA (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 252. t. 78.
ft.) plant rather pubescent ; radical leaves on long petioles,
reniformly cordate, membranous, veiny, many-lobed : lobes
short, somewhat tridentate : teeth acute, mutic ; scape naked ;
flowers panicled, usually abortive ; some of the filaments cla-
vate, and others petal-formed ; ovarium free ; calyxes reflexed ;
branches of panicle sometimes bearing bulbs below. If. . H.
Native of North America, common on moist rocks of the Co-
lumbia, from its source to its confluence with the sea. The
leaves resemble those of S. rotundifolia, but they are fur-
nished with a long, membranous, sheathing base, and altogether
radical.
Variable-flowered Saxifrage. PI. -| foot.
32 S. GRANULA'TA (Lin. spec. p. 576.) plant hairy; radical
leaves reniform, crenately lobed : cauline ones petiolate ; caly-
cine segments lanceolate, obtuse ; petals spatulate ; root granular.
If. . H. Native of the north and middle of Europe, in dry
fields and the borders of woods ; plentiful in some parts of
Britain. Fl. dan. t. 514. Lam. ill. t. 272. f. 1. Smith, engl.
bot. t. 500. Stem leafy, many-flowered ; pedicels elongated,
Ee
210
SAXIFRAGACEJL I. SAXIFRAGA.
1 -flowered, and are as well as the calyxes clothed with clammy
down. Flowers snow-white ; nerves of petals branched.
Var. ft, plena ; flowers double. Common in gardens.
Var. y, multicaulis (Lapeyr. fl. pyr. t. 27.) stems numerous,
short ; lower leaves lobed, broadly crenated : upper ones obo-
vate, acuminated, entire, rarely 1-2-toothed ; peduncles many-
flowered, tlf. H. Native of the Pyrenees. S. granulata y,
ramosissima, Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 36.
Var. S, Ctrsicana (Ser. in Duby, bot. gall. 1. p. 211.) plant
very small; stem 1-4-flowered ; leaves small, crenately lobed ;
flowers hardly smaller than those of the species. %. H. Na-
tive of Corsica. S. rivularis, Ph. Th. exsic.
Var. c, pendulijloTa (Ser. in Duby, bot. gall. 1. p. 211.) leaves
reniform, broadly crenated ; flowers somewhat umbellate, pen-
dulous ; peduncles 1-flowered, weak. "H- H. Native of Au-
vergne. S. penduliflora, Bast, in journ. bot. 1814. p. 17. and
D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 519.
Var. r), sessilijlora (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 36.) stems quite
simple ; leaves reniform, crenated ; flowers sessile, subcapitate.
I/. H. In dry places.
Var. £, bulbilldris (Ser. 1. c.) stem more or less branched ;
flowers numerous, sessile, abortive, transformed into little bulbs,
which rise from the axils of the leaves. If. . H. Native of
Sicily. S. granulata gemmifera, Haw. enum. sax. p. 23.
Granular -rooted Saxifrage. Fl.May. Brit. PL -^ to 1ft.
33 S. ODONTOI'HY'LLA (Wall. cat. no. 454.) leaves reniform,
bluntly lobed, rather pubescent ; stem few-leaved, many-
flowered, and are as well as the pedicels and calyxes clothed
with glandular pubescence ; petals obovate, unguiculate ; stig-
mas diverging, capitate. It. H. Nativeof Nipaul, in Kamaon.
Roots woody, fibrous. Flowers white. Pedicels 1-flowered.
Very like S. granulata.
Tooth-leaved Saxifrage. PL ^ to £ foot.
34 S. BULBIFERA (Lin. spec. 577.) radical leaves reniform,
petiolate, crenated : cauline ones sessile, deeply lobed ; calycine
segments triangularly ovate, acute ; stem branched, many-
flowered. If. . H. Native of the south of Europe, as in Spain,
in stony meadows and shady places ; also of Switzerland, on
dry hills. Sternb. sax. p. 15. t. 12. f. 1. — Mor. hist. 3. p.
474. sect. 12. t. 9. f. 24.— Column, ecphr. 1. p. 318. t. 317.
S. vivipara, Vest, in flora, 1820. p. 405. Flowers white, smaller
than those of S. granulata. Peduncles elongated, 1-flowered,
clothed with glutinous down as well as the calyxes. Stem beset
with viscid hairs. Leaves pilose.
Var. /3, veroniccefblia (Sternb. rev. sax. 16. t. 12. f. 1. and
in Sturm, deutschl. fl. 35. with a figure). I/ . H. Haw. enum.
sax. 23. S. veronicaefolia, Bertol. amoen. p. 361. There is
also a variety of this with a 1-flowered stem, under the name
of S. bulbifera drctica, Haw. enum. sax. p. 24. ?
Bulb-bearing Saxifrage. FL Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. PL | to 1 ft.
35 S. CE'RNUA (Lin. spec. p. 577.) leaves glabrous, petiolate;
radical ones reniform, deeply lobed : cauline ones palmate ;
calycine segments ovate, obtuse ; petals spatulate, emarginate ;
stem quite simple, generally 1-flowered. %. H. Native of
Lapland, Pyrenees, Switzerland, and Scotland, about alpine rills
on the loftiest mountains. In North America, on the arctic
shore and islands, and in Kotzebue's Sound ; also of Siberia, on
alpine rocks, at the rivers Ursal and Tschuja. In Scotland,
on Ben Lawers and on Craigalleach. Fl. dan. t. 22. Gunn. fl.
norv. no. 528. t. 9. f. 2. Sternb. sax. 'p. 18. t. 12. f. 2. Lo-
baria cernua, Haw. enum. sax. p. 20. — Lin. fl. lapp. p. 172. t. 2.
f. 4. Bulbs scaly ; scales fleshy, rising from the base of the
Eetioles of the primordial leaves. Stem simple, 1-flowered,
;afy, with small aggregate bulbs rising from the upper leaves.
Flowers solitary, large, campanulate, drooping, white ; nerves
of petals branched. The specimens from the Rocky Mountains
of North America are more leafy, especially on the stem amongst
the bulbs, which are very numerous.
Var. j3, ramosa (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 36.) stem a little
branched, few-flowered ; flowers nearly all transformed into
bulbs. If.. H. Nativeof the Alps of Lapland and Norway.
Var. y, Ledeboiiri ; stem branched ; branches elongated, 1-
flowered ; leaves crenated : lobes acutish. If. . H. Native of
Altaia, on alpine rocks, at the rivers Tschuja and Ursal.
Var. S, multiflora (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot.)
plant branched ; each branch bearing a large flower, and no
bulbs. Tf.. H. Native of Kotzebue's Sound. Perhaps S. Ste-
phaniana, Sternb. sax. suppl. p. 8. t. 6. f. 2. may be correctly
referred to this variety.
Drooping- fiowered Saxifrage. FL June, July. Scotland.
PL i to | foot.
36 S. SIBI'RICA (Lin. spec. 577.) root granular; leaves hairy,
petiolate : radical ones reniform, palmately lobed : cauline ones
digitate ; pedicels elongated, remote, capillary ; petals obovate,
with simple nerves ; stem much branched, filiform. I/ . H.
Native of Siberia, Altaia, and the Alps of Caucasus, among
rather humid shaded rocks, or among stones ; also of Labrador
and Newfoundland. Sternb. sax. p. 23. t. 25. f. 1. Gmel. sib.
4. p. 162. no. 74. S. granulata /3, Steven de sax. cauc. in
mem. mosq. 4. p. 77. no. 3. S. grandiflora, Sternb. sax. t. 12.
f. 4. ? S. cymbateria, Bieb. fl. taur. 3. p. 292. no. 780. Lo-
baria Sibirica, Haw. enum. sax. 21. Lobes of calyx ovate-
linear. Petals white. Stem beset with viscid hairs.
Siberian Saxifrage. FL June, July. Clt. 1802. PL ascend.
37 S. BRACTEATA (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 367.) radical
as well as cauline leaves on long petioles, renifprm, and deeply
lobed ; flowers in crowded corymbs, bracteate ; stem leafy,
flexuous, branched, ascending, clothed with viscid villi. % . H.
Native of Eastern Siberia. Flowers white, like those of S.
cernua, but a little larger ; calycine segments broadly ovate,
obtuse. Petals obovate, a little longer than the calycine seg-
ments.
Eracteated-fiowered Saxifrage. PL ^ foot.
38 S. RIVULA'RIS (Lin. spec. p. 577.) stem weak, quite sim-
ple ; leaves reniform, on long petioles, glabrous ; flowers usually
by threes, sessile, bracteate. Q. H. Native of the higher
Alps of Europe, as in Lapland, Norway, as well as of Siberia.
It is also found in North America, as in Labrador, Arctic
Sea shore and Islands, Kotzebue's Sound, and in elevated
places among the Rocky Mountains. In Scotland about
Alpine rivulets, and in wet fissures of rocks, as on Ben Ne-
vis, near the lake in the ascent: also on Ben Lawers, and
at Loch Rannoch. Lin. fl. lapp. no. 174. t. 2. f. 7. FL
dan. t. 118. Smith, engl. bot. 2275. Sternb. sax. p. 19. t. 12.
f. 3. Plant annual. Stem weak, ascending, few-leaved, fur-
nished with viscid hairs above. Leaves 5-6-lobed ; lobes ob-
tuse. Flowers small, white, bracteate. Calycine segments
ovate, very blunt, obtuse, conniving. Petals oval, obtuse, triple
nerved.
Brook Saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Scotland. PL 2 inches.
39 S. HYPERBOREA (R. Br. in Parry's first voy. append, p.
274.) stem woolly, 2-flowered ; leaves glabrous : radical ones
palmate, on long petioles ; petals 1 -nerved. %.H. Nativeof
Ireland, and Arctic America. S. rivularis /3, Hook. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 246. Flowers white. Perhaps only a variety of S.
rivularis.
Northern Saxifrage. PL 2 inches.
40 S. NU'TANS (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 268.) stem rather
pubescent, decumbent at the base, jointed in the middle, and
furnished with one leaf at the joint: raceme drooping, few-
flowered : radical leaves on long petioles, reniform, deeply and
coarsely toothed, with a few scattered stiff hairs on both sur-
1
SAXIFRAGACE^. I. SAXIFRAGA.
211
faces : cauline one petiolate ; petioles hairy. If. . H. Native
of the west coast of North America, in the Island of Unalaschka.
Flowers white, size of those of S. bulbifera ; calycine segments
lanceolate, acute ; petals obovate, with branched flexuous
nerves. Pedicels and calyxes beset with crowded glandular
hairs.
Nodding-fiowered Saxifrage. PI. ^ foot.
41 S. RANUNCULIFOLIA (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 246. t. 83.)
plant clothed with glandular pubescence, slender : lower leaves
on very long petioles, reniform, 3-parted : segments broadly
cuneated, deeply lobed ; cauline leaves few ; flowers corymbose,
pentandrous ; petals obovate, twice the length of the calyx ;
calyx beset with glandular hairs: segments acute. 1£. H.
Native of North America ; common on the high grounds around
the Kettle Falls of the Columbia, and on the Rocky Mountains.
Flowers white, size of those ofS. stellaris. Petals obovate, un-
guiculate.
Crorv-foot-leaved Saxifrage. PI. J foot.
42 S. EXIVLIS (Steph. in Sternb. sax. suppl. p. 8. t. 3. f. 1.)
root tufted ; radicles capillary ; radical leaves palmately 5-lobed,
petiolate : cauline ones linear, entire ; petals obovate-oblong,
much longer than the 5-cleft calyx. l/.H. Native of Siberia,
and probably of Kotzebue's Sound. Stem weak, 2-flowered.
Flowers white.
Slender Saxifrage. PI. | foot.
43 S. LAURENTIA'NA (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 35.) plant
with many stems ; radical leaves on long petioles, reniform, 5-7-
lobed, crenated, reticulately veined lengthwise, glabrous ; stems
and peduncles ornamented with long intricate hairs ; flowers
few, somewhat capitate, involucrated by 3-4 crenately lobed
bracteas ; lobes of calyx ovate, obtuse, shorter than the petals ;
petals 3-nerved towards the middle. 1J. . H. Native of the
Island of St. Laurence in Behring's Straits. S. Chamissonis,
Sternb. ined. but not S. Chamissoi, Sternb. Flowers white.
St. Laurence Saxifrage. PI. ^ foot.
44 S. STEPHANIA'NA (Stern, suppl. sax. 1. p. 8. t. 6. f. 2.)
plant tufted ; stem usually 4-flowered, pilose ; radical, as well as
the cauline leaves, petiolate, and palmately many-lobed, pilose ;
bracteas nearly linear ; sepals linear, obtuse ; petals obovate,
many nerved. Tf.. H. Native of Siberia, Steph. S. palmata,
Steph. in litt. ex Sternb. 1. c. Flowers white.
Stephan's Saxifrage. PI. -^ foot.
45 S. ALTI'FIDA (Haw. enum. sax. p. 24.) leaves deeply and
palmately 3-parted : segments profoundly 3-5-cleft ; peduncles
subracemose, divaricate. I/ . H. Native country unknown.
.S. adscendens, Haw. exclusive of all the synonymes. Very
nearly allied to S. granulata, but truly distinct, and differs in
the fissures of the leaves, and in the more decumbent stems.
Flowers white.
Deep-cleft-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. PI. -J- foot.
SECT. IV. HI'RCULUS (a name given by the ancients to a kind
of spikenard or valerian, which has nothing to do with the pre-
sent plant). Tausch, hort. canal, fasc. 1. Haw. enum. sax. p.
40. Kingstonia, Gray, brit. fl. 2. p. 531. Calyx deeply 5-cleft
(f. 42. a.), not adhering to the ovarium. Petals sessile (f. 42. 6.)
in most of the species. Stamens inserted in the throat of the
calyx (f. 42. c.) ; filaments subulate. Styles straight ; stigmas
orbicular, flattish, beardless. Capsule free from the calyx (f.
42. d. a.). Seeds oblong, wrinkled from dots. — Humble her-
baceous evergreen plants. Stems leafy, stoloniferous. Leaves
alternate, narrow, nerved, entire, but usually ciliated with stiff
hairs, marcescent. Flowers white or yellow.
46 S. HIRCULUS (Lin. spec. 576.) leaves lanceolate, obtuse, not
ciliated ; calycine segments lanceolate, obtuse, usually ciliated ;
petals obovate, many nerved ; styles almost wanting ; stigmas
spatulate, when young deflexed, afterwards divaricate. If. . H.
Native of Sweden, Switzerland, Lapland, Siberia, Caucasus,
Germany, and in England, in boggy places. It is also found in
North America, from the Saskatchewan to the Arctic sea shore
and Islands, where it seems most abundant ; Behring's Straits,
Cape of Good Hope, Kotzebue's Sound, &c. In England in a
turfy morass about the centre of Knutsford moor, Cheshire ; and
on Cotherstone Fell, near the junction of the Black Heath with
the river Balder, Yorkshire. Fl. dan. t. 200. Smith, engl. bot.
1009. S. flava, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 529. S. propinqua, R. Br. in
Ross' voy. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 192. Hirculus ranunculoides, Haw.
enum. sax. p. 60. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 165. t. 65. f. 3. Plant
pale green, with numerous procumbent stolons. Stem from 4
inches to 1 foot high. Peduncles long, 1-flowered, covered with
clammy fuscous villi. Flowers large, showy golden yellow; se-
pals obtuse.
Var. ft, elata ; stem a foot high, many flowered ; peduncles
very villous. I/ . H. Native of Eastern Siberia.
Var. y, acutdta (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 45.) segments of
calyx acute; styles rather elongated. — Hall. hist. no. 972. 1. 11.
Var. S, Altalca ; stem usually 1-flowered, pubescent ; pe-
duncles clothed with rufous villi. 11 . H. Native of Altaia, in
humid subalpine places at the rivers Ursul and Tschuja. S.
Hirculus, Ledeb. fl. alt. 2. p. 121.
Hirculus Saxifrage. Fl. Aug. England. PI. -J to 1 foot.
47 S. MYOSOTIFOLIA (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 373.)
plant tufted, without any stolons or flagellae ; leaves ovate, acute,
mutic, bristly ; pedicels elongated, and are as well as the calyxes
beset with glandular pili ; stem nearly naked, usually 3-flowered ;
calycine segments broadly ovate, acute ; petals roundish, ungui-
culate, 5-nerved. %. H. Native of Siberia. Surculi very
short, erect, crowded. Stem 2-3-flowered, beset with stiff hairs.
Leaves ciliated with hairs on the margins, and on both surfaces.
Flowers cream-coloured ; filaments compressed, yellowish. Styles
short, thick.
Mouse-ear-leaved Saxifrage. PI. 2 inches.
48 S. ELAGELLA'RIS (Sternb.
sax. p. 25. t. 6.) stolons or fla-
gellae filiform ; stems erect, simple,
1-5-flowered, and are as well as
the calyxes clothed with glandu-
lar pubescence ; radical leaves as
well as lower cauline ones obo-
vately spatulate : superior ones
rather villous ; petals permanent,
longer than the capsule, which is
semi-superior. 1[. H. Native of
the Alps of Caucasus ; and of
north-west America, at Cape
Newnham, in Melville Island,
Baffin's Bay, Behring's Straits,
Arctic Islands, summits of the
Rocky Mountains, Kotzebue's
Sound, &c. Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 253. t. 77. S. setigera,
Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 312. S. aspera, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p.
314. exclusive of the synonymes. Hirculus flagellaris, Haw. enum.
sax. p. 41. Stem leafy, 1-5-flowered. Radical leaves crowded,
all ciliated on the margins, with cartilaginous spinules : calyx
and pedicels clothed with glutinous down. Flowers yellow, size
of those of S. Hirculus (f. 42.).
Var. a; stem 1-5-flowered; ovarium free from the calyx;
sepals oblong. l/.H. S. flagellaris, Willd. ex Sternb. sax. p.
25. t. 6. Bieb. fl. taur. 3. p. 291. Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 321.
S. aspera, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 314. S. myosotidifolia, Pall, ex
Spreng. syst. 2. p. 364.
Var. ft; stem 1-flowered ; ovarium adhering to the calyx at
E e 2
FIG. 42.
212
SAXIFRAGACEJ5. I. SAXIFRAGA.
the base ; calycine segments ovate. I/ . H. S. flagellaris, R.
Br. in Ross' voy. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 192. D. Don, in Lin. trans.
13. p. 373. Hook, et Arn. in bot. Beech, voy. 1. p. 124. S.
setigera, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 312.
FlagellcE-bearmg Saxifrage. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819.
PI. i foot.
49 S. BRUNONIANA (Wall. cat. no. 442.) tufted ; stems 1-4-
flowered, bearing a few glandular hairs ; stolons or surculi capil-
lary, without any tuft of leaves at the points, rising from the
axils of the leaves, as in S.jlagcllaris ; leaves linear, with car-
tilaginous ciliately serrate edges, and terminated by a stiff mu-
crone ; cauline leaves fewer, shorter ; sepals ovate, very blunt ;
petals obovate-oblong, 3-nerved, yellow, much longer than the
calyx; stigmas small. 1( . F. Native of Nipaul, in Emodi, and
Kamaon. Flowers yellow. Pedicels slender, elongated.
Brown's Saxifrage. PI. -j to -J foot.
50 S. BRACHY'PODA (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 378.) plant
tufted ; stems dense, simple, gemmiferous ; leaves dense, linear,
spreading, ciliated with bristles, 1 -nerved, full of pellucid
dots, of a different colour beneath ; flowers solitary, terminal ;
pedicels clothed with unequal glandular hairs ; sepals lanceo-
late, mucronate, ciliately serrulated, 3-nerved; petals obo-
vate, 5-nerved, bluntish ; stigmas thick, diverging. Tf.. F.
Native of Nipaul, in Emodi, Gosaingsthan, and Kamaon. S.
glandulosa, Wall. cat. no. 442. Pedicels nearly the length of
the flowers. Leaves glaucous beneath, quite glabrous, very
numerous, with revolute edges. Buds echinated. Flowers
yellow.
Short-peduncled Saxifrage. PI. \ foot.
51 S. FIMBRIA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 443,) stem simple, gemmi-
ferous, very leafy, bearing scattered glandular hairs ; leaves lan-
ceolate, very acute, of a different colour beneath, ciliated with stiff
bristles, marked above with fine parallel wrinkled lines : nerves
5-7, nearly parallel, reticulated and pellucid ; flowers small, sub-
racemose, but often solitary ; pedicels short, rather hispid ; sepals
lanceolate, rather cartilaginously serrulated, mucronate. 2£ . F.
Native of Nipaul, at Gosaingsthan and Kamaon.
/VinoW-leaved Saxifrage. PI. -| foot.
52 S. AIZOIDES (Lin. spec. p. 576.) stems leafy ; leaves linear,
mucronate, glabrous, edged with stiff" ciliae ; calycine segments
broadly ovate ; petals oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved : nerves sim-
ple. %. H. Native on the Alps of Switzerland, Lapland,
Styria, north of England and Scotland, on the borders of moun-
tain rills, in a black boggy soil. In North America, in the bar-
ren country from lat. 64° to the Arctic sea and islands ; in
swamps and rivulets on the Rocky Mountains; also of Labrador
and Newfoundland. Smith, engl. bot. t. 39. Sternb. sax. p. 25.
t. 8. f. 1. Sturm, deutschl. fl. 35. with a figure. S. autumnalis,
Lin. spec. p. 575. Fl. dan. t. 72. Scop. earn. 1. p. 293. t. 14.
Leptasea aizoides, Haw. enum. sax. p. 39 Breyn. cent. 106.
t. 48. — Moris, hist. 3. p. 477. sect. 12. t. 6. f. 3. Plant green,
growing in tufts. Surculi numerous, procumbent, leafy. Stems
erect, leafy, many flowered, clothed with viscid down. Flowers
somewhat racemose, yellow ; calycine segments furnished with
a membranous margin, which is jagged at the apex ; petals
spotted with copper-coloured dots.
Var. fi, crbcea (Gaudin, syn. sax. in Meisn. anz. 1818. p. 66.
fl. helv. 3. p. 102.) petals copper-coloured. !(.. H. S. aizoides
p, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 366. Leptksea aizoides crocea, Haw.
enum. sax. 40. S. atrorubens, Bertol. in Desv. journ. bot. 4.
p. 76. and amoen. acad. 1819. Sternb. rev. sax. suppl. 1. p. 10.
There are varieties of this with one or many flowered stems.
Far. y, Integra (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 47.) leaves not
ciliated. If.. H. S. aizoides, Lin. spec. 576. Leptisea aizoides
/3 Integra, Haw. enum. sax. p. 39.
Aizoon-like Saxifrage. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PL ^ foot.
53 S. BRONCHIA'LIS (Lin. spec. 572.) suffrutescent ; leaves
crowded, linear-subulate, triquetrous, mucronate, ciliated with
stiff spinules ; calycine segments ovate ; petals oblong ; stems
few-leaved and many flowered. If. . H. Native of Siberia ;
north-west coast of America, Behring's Straits, Kotzebue's
Sound, height of land at the portage of the Columbia river, on
the west side of the Rocky Mountains. Cili&ria bronchialis,
Haw. rev. sax. 43. — Grnel. sib. 4. p. 164. t. 65. f. 2. Surculi
numerous, erect, branched. Panicle terminal, few or many
flowered. Flowers small, cream-coloured ; petals obovate-ob-
long, 3-nerved, with numerous minute copper-coloured dots ;
anthers copper-coloured. This is very nearly allied to S. tricus-
pidata, but differs in the want of the lateral points to the
leaves.
Var. j3, Lenensis (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 377.) surculi
shorter ; leaves longer, spreading ; panicle larger, spreading, fas-
tigiate. % . H. Native of Siberia, at the river Lena.
Bronchial Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819. PI. J ft.
54 S. TENE'LLA (Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 3. p. 144. t. 17.) plant
tufted ; leaves crowded, linear-subulate, flat, pungent, ciliated ;
stems slender, few-leaved, few-flowered ; calycine segments
linear-lanceolate ; petals obovate. If. . H. Native of Carinthia,
on the Alps. S. nitida, Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 3. t. 10. f. 4. Sur-
culi numerous. Stems numerous, erect. Leaves imbricated,
keeled below, glabrous. Peduncles by threes, long, capillary,
1 -flowered, beset with glandular hairs, as well as the calyxes.
Flowers white, spotless ; anthers yellow.
Delicate Saxifrage. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. -J to | ft.
55 S. FILICAU'LIS (Wall. cat. no. 445.) stems filiform, much
branched, beset with capitate hairs ; branches filiform, 1-flower-
ed ; leaves linear, sessile, full of pellucid dots, nerveless, cili-
ated by capitate bristles ; sepals lanceolate-oblong, bluntish ;
petals obovate, obtuse, 3-nerved ; styles much elongated ;
stigmas thickish, arched. Ij. . F. Native of Nipaul. Branches
dense. Flowers golden yellow. Perhaps distinct from S. bra-
chypoda.
Thread- stemmed Saxifrage. PI. -j foot.
56 S. KRUHSIA'NA (Fisch. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 46.)
plant tufted ; leaves dense, imbricate, ovate, ciliated, nerveless ;
flowers by threes ; sepals lanceolate, obtuse ; petals elliptic,
much longer than the calyx, with pinnate nerves ; capsule some-
what hemispherical ; styles arched. 1£.H. Native of Siberia,
near Ijiga, where it was found by Kruhs, according to Fischer.
This species is very distinct from S, aspera, in the leaves being
oval, not linear-ovate, in being nerveless, not 3-nerved, and in
the petals being feather-nerved, &c. S. glandulosa, Willd. herb,
ex Stev. in litt. 1821.
Kruhs' s Saxifrage. PI. £ foot.
57 S. STELLERIA'NA (Merk ex Fisch. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 46.) plant tufted ; leaves of the surculi or sterile branches
small, numerous, oblong, ciliated and mucronate, hardly petio-
late : cauline ones distant : uppermost ones acute, not ciliated ;
stems branched, 5-7-flowered ; flowers distant ; pedicels and
calyxes glabrous ; calycine lobes oblong, acute ; petals oblong,
3-nerved, exceeding the calyx ; ovarium conical ; styles hardly
diverging, length of the petals. 1£. H. Native of Eastern
Siberia.
Steller's Saxifrage. PI. \ foot.
58 S. MULTIFLORA (Ledeb. dec. pi. in mem. acad. des. scienc.
petersb. 5. p. 532. no. 18. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 335.) leaves lan-
ceolate-linear, scattered, cuspidate, remotely and setaceously
ciliated, and covered with cobwebbed villi ; corymbs terminal,
many flowered ; calycine segments ovate, obtuse ; petals elliptic,
bluntish, 1 -nerved, more than thrice the length of the calyx ;
stamens exceeding the corolla. 1£.H. Native of Altaia. It
differs from S. aspera and S. bronchialis, and all the nearly
SAXIFRAGACE^l. I. SAXIFRAGA.
213
allied species, in the many flowered corymbs, in the surfaces of
the leaves and margins, &c.
Many-flowered Saxifrage. PI. -j foot.
59 S. A'SPERA (Lin. spec. 575.) leaves flat, lanceolate-linear,
scattered, pungent, remotely ciliated with spinules, glabrous ;
stem branched, few-flowered ; calycine segments ovate, cuspi-
date ; petals broadly elliptic, rounded at the apex, 5-7-nerved,
twice the length of the calyx, and a little longer than the sta-
mens. If. . H. Native of Switzerland and the Pyrenees; also
of Siberia. Jacq. austr. 5. append. 31. Sternb. sax. 29. t. 8.
f. 1.— Scheuch. itin. 2. p. 140. t. 20. f. 8. — Gesn. fasc. 22.
t. 6. f. 27. S. aspera var. a elongate, Gaudin, fl. helv. 3. p.
108. S. intermedia, Heg. fl. helv. 1. p. 288. Ciliaria aspera,
Haw. enum. sax. p. 42. — Moris, hist. 3. p. 479. sect. 12. t. 10.
f. 25. Plant grey : surculi elongated, decumbent, villous. Stem
branched, reddish, brittle, hispid from short hairs. Peduncles
longish, stiff, 1 -flowered, furnished with glanduliferous hairs, as
well as on the calyxes. Nerves of petals branched. Flowers
large, cream-coloured.
Rough Saxifrage. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1752. PL £ foot.
60 S. BRYOIDES (Lin. spec. 572.) tufts of leaves at the tops
of surculi globose ; leaves imbricated, subulate, mucronate, ci-
liated ; calycine segments ovate, obtuse ; petals oblong ; stems
few-leaved, 1-flowered. I/. H. Native of Austria, Switzer-
land, and the Pyrenees. Jacq. misc. 2. p. 49. t. 5. f. 1. Scop,
earn. no. 497. t. 15. Sternb. rev. sax. p. 30. t. 8. and in Sturm,
deutschl. fl. p. 33. with a figure. Moretti. tent. sax. p. 32.
t. 8. Ciliaria bryoides, Haw. enum. sax. p. 42. — Scheuch. alp.
142. t. 21. f. 2.— Col. ecphr. 2. p. 66. t. 67. f. 1-2. S. aspera
/3 bryoides, D. C. fl. fran. 4. p. 383. prod. 4. p. 46. Plant
densely tufted, rosulate. Stem beset with glanduliferous pili.
Leaves rather triangular, keeled. Flowers cream-coloured, size
of those of S. aspera ; calycine segments 5-nerved ; petals 3-
nerved, beset with scattered golden yellow dots ; anthers copper-
coloured.
Bryum-like Saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1752. PI. | foot.
61 S. CHERLERIOIDES (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 382.)
tufts of leaves on the tops of the surculi globose ; leaves densely
imbricated, spatulate, mucronate, ciliated ; calycine segments
semi-ovate, obtuse ; petals obovate, 3-nerved ; stems filiform,
many-flowered. I/ . H. Native of Kamtschatka. S. bryoides,
Pall. mss. Plant tufted. Stems ascending, 4-5-flowered, with
a few small adpressed leaves. Flowers corymbose, cream-co-
loured, much smaller than those of S. bryoides. Pedicels 1-
flowered, furnished with a few scattered glands, as well as the
calyxes.
Cherleria-like Saxifrage. PI. ^ foot.
62 S. IIISPI'DULA (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 380.) plant
tufted, and hispid ; stems filiform ; leaves ovate, mucronate,
bristly, with one tooth on each side ; flower terminal, nearly ses-
sile ; calyx bristly ; petals nearly orbicular, triple-nerved :
nerves simple, straight, li. H. Native of Nipaul, on the
Alps. Flowers yellow, on short pedicels, drooping in the bud.
Styles incurved at the apex.
Rather-hispid Saxifrage. PI. \ foot.
63 S. EVOLVULOIDES (Wall. cat. no. 447.) stems very simple,
1-flowered, ornamented by long capitate spreading hairs ; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, acute, furnished with 1 or 2 teeth, nerveless,
sessile, covered with strigose pili ; sepals ovate, mucronate by a
bristle, and bearing strigose hairs ; petals roundish-obovate,
opaque, hardly longer than the calyx. If. . F. Native of Nipaul,
at Gosaingsthan and Kamaon. Perhaps distinct from S. hispi-
dula. Leaves small, superior ones broadest. Pedicels filiform,
nearly twice the length of the flowers. Flowers yellow.
E volvulus-like Saxifrage. PI. 5 foot.
64 S. LJE'VIS (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 314. suppl. 291. but not of
Haw.) stems declinate, few-flowered ; cauline leaves oblong,
acutish, crowded, naked, unarmed, glaucescent ; flowers terminal,
sessile; petals obovate-oblong, longer than the calyx. 1£. H.
Native of the Alps of Caucasus. Flowers yellow. Very nearly
allied to S. aizoldes, but differs in the flowers being smaller and
sessile.
Smooth Saxifrage. PI. •g to -^ foot.
65 S. SPINULOSA (Adams, in mem. soc. mosc. 5. ex Spreng.
neue. entd. 3. p. 225.) stem nearly naked, many flowered ; leaves
imbricate, undivided, erect, linear-lanceolate, flat, ciliated, spiny.
1£. H. Native country unknown.
Spinulose Saxifrage. PI. ^ foot.
66 S. CHAMISSOI (Stern, rev. sax. suppl. 1. p. 12. t. 10. f. 1.)
plant tufted ; stem generally 4-flowered ; lower leaves cuneated,
cuspidately trifid, ciliated ; cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, quite
entire ; sepals small, obtuse ; petals oblong, minute, hardly
longer than the sepals. I/ . H. Native of the Island of Una-
laschka ; and the subalpine regions of Mount Hood. S. tricus-
pidata /3, Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 254. Flowers minute,
white.
Chamisso's Saxifrage. PI. ^ to \ foot.
67 S. TRICUSPIDA'TA (Retz. prod. fl. scand. ed. 2. no. 522.)
stems straight, thick ; lower leaves dense, coriaceous, cuneiform,
tricuspidate, with the margins finely ciliated ; flowers somewhat
corymbose ; peduncles short and stiff; calycine segments ovate ;
petals oblong or lanceolate, 3 times longer than the calyx ; cap-
sule conical, ending in diverging styles ; stigmas subcapitate.
I/ . H. Native of Greenland, and of North America ; from
Lake Winepeg in lat. 50° to the Arctic sea and islands ; and
from Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains ; Kotzebue's
Sound, Newfoundland, &c. Rottb. in act. hafn. 10. p. 446.
t. 6. Fl. dan. t. 976. Leptasea tricuspidata, Haw. enum.
sax. p. 40. Plant densely tufted, glabrous : surculi very short.
Stems ascending, many flowered. Superior leaves undivided.
Pedicels elongated, glandular, as well as the calyxes. Flowers
yellow, size of those of S. Hirculus. Petals spotted, triple-
nerved : nerves simple.
Tricuspidate-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824.
PI. | to | foot.
68 S. JUNIPE'RINA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 314. suppl. p. 291.)
stems suffruticose, proliferous ; leaves crowded at intervals, su-
bulate, triquetrous, stiff, pungent ; flowers disposed in spikes ;
petals obovate, triple-nerved. 1£. H. Native of the Alps of
Caucasus, at the foot of the Kaischaur Alps frequent, and nearly
throughout the whole of Caucasus. Sternb. sax. p. 31. t. 10.
Chondrosea juniperina, Haw. enum. sax. p. 15. Stems nu-
merous, crowded with leaves, proliferously branched at the
apex. Leaves flattish on the keel beneath, bisulcate above, fur-
nished with an acicular spine at the apex, and finely serrulated
at the base. Spike 6-10-flowered : pedicels short, beset with
clammy down. Bracteas linear, obtuse, ciliated with glands.
Flowers yellow, size of those of S. dspera.
Var. a, Steveniana (Set. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 23.) flowers
crowded into an ovoid spike.
Var. ft, Adamsidna (Ser. 1. c.) flowers disposed into a capitate
corymb, emulating that of Lychnis alplna, Sternb. sax. p. 31. t.
10. a middle figure.
Juniper-like Saxifrage. PL J to •§ foot.
SECT. V. PORPHY' REON (from iroptyvpeoe, porphyreos, purple;
colour of flowers). Tausch, hort. canal, fasc. f. 1. D. C. prod.
4. p. 17. — Antiphylla species, Haw. enum. sax. p. 43. — Calli-
phyllum, Gaudin, fl. helv. 3. p. 94. Calyx 5-cleft, with a long,
erect, permanent tube (f. 43. a.), joined to the ovarium or
free from it. Petals sessile, perigynous. Stamens perigynous
(f. 43. b. e.) ; filaments flat, gradually attenuated. Stigmas
214
SAXIFRAGACE^E. I. SAXIFRAGA.
FIG. 43.
spreading, flat, spatulate, bearded with short down (f. 43. c.).
Capsule covered by the calyx. Seeds angular, smooth or
wrinkled Tufted evergreen herbs, with small opposite coria-
ceous or thick permanent leaves. Flowers red or violaceous.
Elegant little plants.
69 S. OPPOSITIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 575.) stems 1-flowered ; leaves
imbricated, ovate or obovate, flat, obtuse, ciliated; segments of
the calyx broadly ovate, obtuse; petals obovate, 5-nerved ;
genitals shorter than the corolla. H. . H. Native of Lapland,
Switzerland, Spitzbergen, Pyrenees, Scotland, and England, on
alpine rocks and precipices ; also of North America, as in New-
foundland and Labrador ; Antecosti, in the Bay of St. Laurence ;
Rocky Mountains, near the highest summits, between lat. 52°
and 56° ; Arctic sea shore and islands ; Bay of Eschscholtz, &c.
In England on the west side of Ingleborough Hill, Yorkshire ;
on Snowdon plentifully ; and on Ben Lomond and other Scottish
mountains. Lin. fl. lapp. p. 179. t. 2. f. 1. Fl. dan. t. 34. All.
pedem. 1529. t. 21. f. 3. Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 36. t. 16. Smith,
engl. bot. t. 9. Hohenwart in Reiner, itin. 1. p. 133. t. 3. S.
ccerulea, Pers. ench. l.p. 488. Antiphylla ccerulea, Haw. enum.
sax. p. 43. Plant forming a broad flat tuft ; surculi short, pro-
cumbent, reddish. Leaves usually perforated at the apex by 1
or 2 pores. Flowers large, of a beautiful lilac colour.
Far. /3, distant (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 18.) leaves of the
sterile branches loose and distant. If. . H. Native of the Alps
of Switzerland and the Pyrenees.
Opposite-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. March, April. Britain. PI.
1 inch.
70 S. RETU'SA (Gouan,
ill. 28. t. 18. f. 1.) stems
usually 3-flowered ; leaves
imbricated, oblong, trigo-
nal, acute, full of perforated
dots above ; petals lanceo-
late, acute ; styles much
longer than the corolla. If. .
H. Native of Piedmont,
on the tops of the Alps, as
well as of Dauphiny and
the Pyrenees. Lapeyr. pyr.
sax. p. 38. t. 18. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 49. new ser. t. 49. S.
imbricata, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 531. S. purpurea, All. pedem. 1531.
t. 21. f. 2. S. oppositifolia y, Willd. spec. 2. p. 648. Anti-
phylla retusa, Haw. enum. sax. p. 44. Plant forming a very com-
pact harsh tuft, glaucescent ; surculi procumbent, densely leafy.
Stems erect, few-leaved. Leaves imbricated in 4 rows, like
those of the last species, trigonal, glabrous, shining, ciliated at
the base. Pedicels and calyxes clothed with short glandular
down. Flowers purple. Calycine segments oblong-ovate, ob-
tuse. Petals triple-nerved, acute (f. 43.).
Retuse-\ea\ed Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1826. PI. £ ft.
71 S. BiFL6n.A (All. pedem. 1530. t. 21. f. 1.) stem usually
2-3-flowered; leaves flat, spatulate, ciliated, loose ; petals linear-
oblong ; calycine lobes obtuse ; genitals longer than the corolla.
y. . H. Native of the Alps of Switzerland and the Pyrenees,
near the limits of perpetual snow. Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 37. t.
17. Hohenwart and Reiner, itin. 1. p. 138. t. 2. f. 2. Anti-
phylla biflora, Haw. enum. sax. p. 44. S. oppositifolia ft, Willd.
spec. 2. p. 648. Plant tufted, greenish purple, like S. oppo-
sitifolia, but larger and more loose in habit. Flowers purplish
or lilac. Leaves imbricating in 4 rows. Seeds obovate, trique-
trous, truncate at the apex.
Two-flowered Saxifrage. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1820. PI. 1
to 2 inches.
72 S. ESCHSCHO'LTZII (Sternb. rev. sax. suppl. p. 9. t. 10. f.
2.) plant small, densely tufted ; leaves closely imbricated, ob-
ovate, concave, pectinately ciliated ; flowers solitary on short
peduncles ; petals cochleate, ciliated ; calycine segments obtuse,
ciliated. If.. H. Native of the north-west coast of America,
at Cape Newnham and Behring's Straits. S. fimbriata, D. Don,
in Lin. trans. 13. p. 404. Plant canescent, forming a flat
spreading tuft. Leaves glabrous, full of pitted dots. Peduncles
solitary, 1-flowered. Flowers probably purple.
Eschscholtz's Saxifrage. PI. 1 inch.
SECT. VI. AIZOONIA (am, aiei, always, and £woe, zoos,
alive; succulent plants). Tausch, hort. canal, fasc. 1. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 18. — Chondrosea, Haw. enum. sax. p. 10. — Cotyle-
don, Trigonophy'llum, and Porophyllum, Gaudin, fl. helv. 3. p.
86. 89. and 91. Calyx 5-cleft, with a long tube adhering to the
ovarium, erect, permanent. Petals sessile, perigynous. Stamens
perigynous ; filaments flat, gradually attenuated. Stigmas
spreading, flat, spatulate, bearded with short down. Seeds ovate,
triquetrous, wrinkled. Leaves alternate, thick, sessile, coriace-
ous, glaucescent, permanent, cartilaginously margined, usually
marked with excavated dots towards the margin : radical ones
rosulate. Flowers white, yellow or red.
§ 1. Leaves ligulate, obtuse, cartilaginously serrated.
73 S. COTYLE'DON (Lin. spec. 5 70.) leaves flat, spatulate, car-
tilaginously serrated ; calyx densely beset with glands : with
linear-lanceolate obtuse segments ; petals oblong-spatulate. I/ .
H. Native of the Alps of Lapland, Norway, Iceland, Switzer-
land, and the Pyrenees. Oed. fl. dan. t. 241. S. pyramidalis,
Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 32. Sternb. sax. p. 2. t. 2. S. pyramidata,
Mill. diet. no. 4. S. multiflora, Ehrh. pi. sel. p. 74. Chondrosea
pyramidalis, Haw. enum. sax. p. 10. — Lin. fl. lapp. 177. t. 2.
f. 2. Plant tufted. Stem erect, branched in a pyramidal form,
many flowered. Leaves with silvery edges. Flowers large,
white, dotless ; petals conspicuously 3-nerved. Angles of seeds
rough.
Cotyledon or Pyramidal Saxifrage. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1596.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
74 S. LINGULA'TA (Bell, in act. taur. 5. p. 226.) leaves linear-
Ungulate, channelled, tubercularly crenated ; calyx densely be-
set with glands : with semi-ovate obtuse segments ; petals oval.
%. H. Native of the tops of the Alps of Switzerland ; and the
Pyrenees, on the Alps by the sea side, and other alpine places
about Montregal. C. Cotyledon, Mill. diet. no. 2. S. longi-
folia, Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 26. t. 11. Chondrosea longifolia,
Haw. enum. sax. p. 11. Plant tufted. Stem erect, flexuous,
branched in a pyramidal form, leafy, beset with glandular hairs.
Leaves glaucous, ciliated at the base, recurved at the apex.
Panicle nodding. Peduncles many flowered, and are, as well as
the calyxes, beset with rusty glandular down. Flowers flat,
white, with numerous rose-coloured dots ; petals conspicuously
triple-nerved.
Var. /3, media (Sternb. sax. p. 1. t. 1. a. and in Sturm,
deutschl. fl. 33. f. a.) leaves shorter; stem panicled above; pa-
nicle erect, pyramidal. Tf.. H. Native of the Alps of Carin-
thia. Chondrosea intermedia, Haw. enum. sax. p. 11. — Hort.
eyst. ord. 5. pi. 10. f. 1 Pluk. phyt. t. 222. f. 1. Perhaps a
distinct species.
Var. y, crustata (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 391.) plant
4 times smaller than the species ; leaves narrower, with more
crustaceously porose margins; panicle few-flowered. I/. H.
Native of the Alps of Switzerland, Carniola, Carinthia, and the
Pyrenees. S. longifolia y minor, Sternb. sax. t. 1. f. b. S.
crustata, Vest, man. bot. p. 656. S. lingulata, Bell, in act. acad.
tur. 5. p. 226. S. callosa, Smith in Rees' cycl. vol. 31. Panicle
straight : peduncles 2-3-flowered.
SAXIFRAGACEJE. I. SAXIFRAGA.
215
Var. S, subnana ; flabelliform ; stem single. Lapeyr. 1. c.
If. . H. Native on the tops of the Pyrenees.
Tongue-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1800. PI.
1 to l£ foot.
75 S. AIZOON (Murr. syst. ed. 14. p. 411.) leaves short,
cuneated, silvery serrated ; flowers corymbose ; calyxes gla-
brous, with acute segments ; petals nearly orbicular. I/ . H.
Native of Austria, Switzerland, Pyrenees, and the Carpathian
mountains ; also of North America, in Labrador and on the Sas-
katchawan. Jacq. austr. 5. t. 488. Sternb. sax. p. 3. t. 3. f. o.
Lapeyr. fl. pyr. p. 33. t. 15. S. paniculata, Mill. diet. no. 3.
Chondrosea Aizoon, Haw. enum. sax. 11. — Barrel, icon. 1. 1310.
— Moris, hist. sect. 12. t. 9. f. 19. Plant tufted. Stems erect,
simple, leafy, shining, with a few scattered gland-bearing hairs.
Radical leaves rosulate, glaucous, ciliated at the base : cauline
leaves obovate-mucronate. Flowers corymbose, cream-coloured,
marked with minute rose-coloured dots. Peduncles elongated,
usually 2-flowered.
Var. ft, retusa (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 293.) one-half
smaller than the species ; leaves shorter and retuse. I/ . H.
Native of the Pyrenees. S. Aizoon ft minor brevifolia, Sternb.
401. 1. c. t. 3. f. ft. S. rosularis, Schleich. cat. 1824. p. 64.
Chondr6sea Aizoon y parvifldra and C. rosularis, Haw. enum.
sax. 12. Chondrosea Aizoon minor, Haw. 1. c. p. 11. S. ro-
sulenta, Ehrh. pi. sel. no. 51. There is another variety of this
with still smaller leaves, in Sternb. 1. c. t. 36. f. 2. S. Aizoon
minima, Ser. anz. 1828. p. 73. S. Aizoon S rufescens, Gaudin,
fl. helv. 3. p. 88.
Var. y, recta (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 19.) stems erect,
many flowered ; peduncles elongated, 3-4-flowered. 1^ . H.
Native of the Alps of Switzerland and the Pyrenees. S. recta,
Lapeyr. fl. pyr. p. 33. t. 15. B.C. fl. fr. 4. p. 361. ft. S.
Aizoon y, Gaudin. Petals without any dots. Gaudin, fl. 3.
p. 88.
Var. S, neglecta (Ser. in D. C. 1. c.) tufts of leaves globose ;
raceme simple, few-flowered, somewhat cylindrical ; petals rose-
coloured, dotted with purple. I/ . H. Native of Italy. — Sedum
Barrel, icon. 1310. ex Tenore. S. neglecta, Tenore, append,
prod. fl. neap. p. 19. S. Aiz6on and S. erecta, Tenore, fl.
neap. prod. p. 25. There is a variety of this with a sessile
corymb of flowers in the tufts of leaves ; peduncles and calyx are
quite glabrous, and the stem 1-flovvered.
Aizoon Saxifrage. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1731. PI. •§ foot.
_76 S. INTA'CTA (Willd. hort. berol. 2. p. 75. t. 75.) leaves
linear, acute, straight, sharply and silvery serrated ; calyx and
pedicels sparingly glandular : with obtuse segments ; petals oval.
Tf.. H. Native of the Alps, about Tyrol, Pyrenees, and Cau-
casus. S. recta, Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 33. t. 15. S. Cotyledon,
Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 313. exclusive of the synonymes. S. Aizoon,
Steven, de sax. cauc. in mem. mosq. 4. p. 74. exclusive of the
synonymes. S. cartilaginea, Sternb. sax. p. 5. t. 3. S. longi-
folia, Moretti notiz. ed. 1. p. 11. exclusive of many synonymes.
S. lingulata, Moretti notiz. ed. 2. in mem. t. 1. p. 262. Plant
growing in conical tufts. Stems erect, leafy, clothed with gland-
bearing hairs. Leaves glaucous, ciliated at the base ; cauline
ones spatulate, rather adpressed, ciliately serrated. Flowers
racemose; pedicels few-flowered. Petals cream-coloured, marked
with a few rose-coloured dots.
Untouched Saxifrage. Fl. May, July. PI. | to 1 foot.
77 S. AUSTRA'LIS (Moric. fl. ven. 1. p. 431.) plant quite
glabrous ; stem angular ; leaves of the tufts oblong-spatulate,
ciliated at the base, with crustaceous margins ; cauline leaves
oblong, somewhat denticulated, acutish ; panicle branched,
many-flowered ; petals ovate, obtuse, much longer than the
calyx ; styles straight, ascending. TJ . H. Native of Virgin
Mount, near Naples. S. Aizoon, Guss, in litt. S. pyramidalis,
Tenore, fl. neap. prod. 1. p. 25. Petals yellow, as seen in a dried
state. Flowers very like those of S. Cotyledon, and the leaves
like those of S. Aizoon.
Southern Saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
78 S. CARTILAGI'NEA (Willd. in litt. ex Sternb. sax. p. 5.
t. 3. c.) leaves of the tufts and stems lanceolate, acute, carti-
laginously serrated ; flowers panicled, somewhat corymbose ;
lobes of calyx ovate, about equal in length to the campanulate
tube ; calyx and peduncles beset with glandular pili ; petals
obovate, contiguous at the base, spotless ; styles diverging.
If.. H. Native of Caucasus. S. Cotyledon, Bieb. fl. taur. 1.
p. 313. 3. p. 290. Chondrosea cartilaginea, Haw. enum. sax.
12. Flowers cream-coloured, dotless. Perhaps only a variety
of S. Aizoon.
Cartilaginous-edged-leaved Saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
79 S. MARGINAVTA (Sternb. rev. sax. suppl. 1. p. 1. t. 1. f. 1.)
radical leaves lingulate, ciliated at the base, having pitted dots
within the edge ; flowers somewhat corymbose ; petals ovate,
twice the size of the calyx. H.. H. Native of Naples. S.
Cotyledon, Tenore, cat. hort. neap, append, alter, p. 86. and S.
Aizoon, longifolia, and recta, Tenore, fl. neap. prod. p. 25. ex
Moretti, tent. sax. p. 35.
Marginate-leaved Saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
80 S. FLORIBU'NDA (Moretti, tent. sax. p. 9.) radical leaves
tufted, lanceolate, mucronate, ciliated : cauline ones linear ; stem
fistular, bearing flowers from the base to the apex ; flowers dis-
posed in a racemose thyrse, white, or cream-coloured. If., H.
Native on the mountains about Nice.
Bundle-flowered Saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
FIG. 44.
81 S. HUTATA (Lin. spec. 570.)
leaves flat, spatulate, cartilagi-
nously crenated and ciliated ; ca-
lyx densely beset with glands :
with broadly ovate, acute seg-
ments ; petals linear-lanceolate,
acuminated. If.. H. Native of
the Alps of Switzerland, Carniola,
Italy, and the Pyrenees. Jacq.
icon. rar. 3. t. 466. Curt. bot.
mag. t. 351. Chondrosea mu-
tata, Haw. enum. sax. p. 13. —
Hall. helv. 979. t. 16. Plant
densely tufted. Stem erect, leafy,
beset with glandular hairs. Leaves
fringed with long villi : cauline
ones obovate, ciliated at the base.
Flowers panicled, copper-coloured, marked with deeper-coloured
dots. Peduncles and calyxes densely clothed with rusty clammy
down (f. 44.).
Var. ft, macropetala (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 20.) petals
ovate-oblong, spotted. I/ . H. Native of Switzerland. Hall,
hist. no. 979. t. 16. f. 2.
Changed Saxifrage. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1779. PI. |to 1 ft.
§ 2. Leaves lingulately- spatulate, apiculated, with quite entire
cartilaginous margins.
82 S. ME'DIA (Gouan. ill. 27.) radical leaves rosulate, Un-
gulate, quite entire, with cartilaginous margins, dotted above ;
petals obtuse, shorter than the calyx. If.. H. Native of
the Pyrenees, on calcareous rocks, and on Mount Olympus.
Lam. encycl. 4. p. 675. t. 372. f. 6. Smith, fl. graec. t. 376.
S. calyciflora, Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 28. t. 12. S. cae'sia, Lin.
mant. 382. S. porophylla, Bertol. injourn. bot. 4. p. 76. and
amcen. ital. dec. 4. p. 98. t. 3. Chondrosea calyciflora, Haw.
enum. sax. p. 13. Plant growing in conical tufts. Stems sim-
ple, beset with viscid, rusty, twisted villi. Leaves glaucous :
216
SAXIFRAGACEjE. I. SAXIFRAGA.
radical ones rosulate, glabrous ; cauline leaves cuneated, clothed
with glandular hairs. Pedicels 1-flowered, and are as well as the
calyxes clothed with viscid hairs. Petals obovate, dark purple.
Genitals inclosed in the calyx.
Middle Saxifrage. PL £ to £ foot.
83 S. LAPEYROU'SII (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 397.)
radical leaves aggregate, Ungulate, quite entire, with cartilagi-
nous margins ; flowers panicled ; petals obovate, quite entire,
connivent, longer than the calyx. If. . H. Native of the Py-
renees, on calcareous rocks. S. luteo-purpurea, Lapeyr. pyr.
sax. p. 29. t. 14. S. ambigua, D. C. Peduncles and calyxes
clothed with purple down. Very like S. media, but differs in
the flowers being panicled, and citron-coloured. Said to be a
hybrid between S. media and S. aretioldes.
La Peyrouscs Saxifrage. PI. •£ to J foot.
84 S. ARETIOIDES (Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 28. t. 13.) leaves
aggregate, linear-lingulate, upright, rnucronulate, keeled, glau-
cous, with cartilaginous margins ; stem clothed with clammy
tomentum ; petals linear-spatulate, crenulated at the apex. If. .
H. Native of the Pyrenees, on calcareous rocks. Chondrosea
aretioides, Haw. enum. sax. p. 14. Plant densely tufted. Leaves
imbricate, ciliately toothed at the base, wi;h a few perforated
dots near the margin. Flowers by threes, p.V.den yellow. Pe-
dicels and calyxes clothed with clammy down Calycine seg-
ments ovate, acute. Very like the two preceding tpecies, but
the plant is much smaller.
Aretia-lilte Saxifrage. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1826. PL £ ft.
§ 3. Leaves triquetrous, obtuse.
85 S. DIAPENSIOI'DES (Bellardi, in act. acad. taur. 5. p. 227.)
stems, peduncles, and calyxes glandular ; leaves linear, erect,
keeled, aggregate, imbricated, cretaceously glaucous ; stem
many-leaved, few-flowered ; calycine segments elliptic-oblong.
T(.. H. Native of the Alps of Piedmont and Switzerland.
Lapeyr. append, fl. pedem. p. 21. t. 3. Sternb. sax. p. 35. t. 9.
Chondrosea diapensioides, Haw. enum. sax. p. 13. S. cae'sia /3,
Lam. diet. 4. p. 676. Plant densely tufted. Leaves with car-
tilaginous margins, ciliated at the base, and with 1 or 2 perfo-
rated dots at the apex, which is obtuse. Flowers 3-4 or 5, cam-
panulate, white, disposed in a terminal head. Petals narrow at
the base, with an orbicular, S -nerved limb.
Diapensia-like Saxifrage. Fl. April, Ju. Clt. 1825. Pl.^ft.
86 S. SQUARROSA (Sieb. in fl. 1821. p. 99. and fl. austr. exsic.
no. 133.) stem pubescent below, usually 3-flowered ; leaves
linear-elliptic, rather retuse, stiff, squarrosely imbricated, per-
manent, when young powdery ; branches diffuse, flaccid ; pe-
duncles and stems glabrous. If. . H. Native of the Alps of
Tyrol. Flowers white, larger than those of S. ccesia. Lobes
of calyx broader than in S. cce'sia and S. diapensioides.
Squarrose-leaved Saxifrage. PL ^ foot.
87 S. KAMULOSA (Wall. cat. no. 446.) plant densely tufted ;
stems 1-flowered, very short ; leaves of the barren stems or
surculi acute and flattish at the apex, lined with rugged dots ;
the upper surface of the leaves have a regular marginal, double
line of dots ; margins of leaves thin and cartilaginous ; lobes
of calyx acute ; styles nearly parallel, longer than the calyx ;
stigmas thickish, capitate, 2f. F. Native of Nipaul, at Bhud-
drinath. Very nearly allied to C. cassia, but perfectly distinct.
Branched Saxifrage. PL 1 inch.
88 S. CJE'SIA (Lin. spec. 571.) plant greenish glaucous; stems
and peduncles smoothish ; leaves linear-oblong, aggregate, re-
curved, keeled, the upper surface with marginal dots regularly
disposed ; petals roundish, unguiculate ; stems few-leaved,
many-flowered. •%.. H. Native of the Alps of Switzerland,
Austria, and the Pyrenees. Jacq. austr. t. 374. Scop. earn.
ed. 2. p. 495. t. 15. Sternb. rev. sax. p. 34. t. 9. f. 1-2.
and in Sturm, deutschl. fl. p. 33. n. 16. with a figure. Lodd.
bot. cab. 421. S. recurvifolia, Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 30.
— Segu. ver. p. 449. t. 9. f. 2. Chondrosea cae'sia, Haw. enum.
sax. p. 14. — Scheuch. alp. p. 49. 141. t. 21. f. 1. Surculi
short, erect, forming compact tufts. Leaves concave above
and keeled beneath, perforated by numerous minute holes, cili-
ated : cauline ones few, scale-formed. Flowers milk-coloured,
disposed in a small panicle. Pedicels and calyxes with a few
short, glandular hairs. Calycine segments very blunt. Genitals
shorter than the corolla.
Var. ft, patens (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 22.) leaves loosely
rosulate, not recurved at the apex, with a few crustaceous spots ;
stems short, usually 2-flowered. If, . H. Native of Vallais,
on Mount Fouly. S. patens, Gaudin. in Meisner, anz. 1818.
p. 65. fl. helv. 3. p. 92. but not of Sternb. rev. sax. suppl. 1.
t. 1. f. 2. Chondr6sea patens, Haw. enum. sax. p. 14. There
is a variety of this without any stem and with 1 sessile flower in
the middle of the leaves, which is a native of Upper Styria, and
is described by Vest, in flora. 1820. no. 26. p. 397.
Grey Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1752. PI. i to i ft.
89 S. ROCHELIA'NA (Sternb. suppl. sax. 2. ex Host, fl. austr.
1. p. 501.) flowers corymbose ; sepals ovate ; petals lanceolate-
ovate, twice the length of the calyx ; lower leaves Ungulate,
glabrous, ciliated at the base, disposed in tufts : cauline ones
clothed with clammy villi, pale green. If. H. Native of
Austria, in the fissures of rocks. Leaves white at the edges,
and with distinct impressed dots. Flowers white. Perhaps a
variety of S. cc^sia or S. Valdensis.
Rachel's Saxifrage. PL -J to ^ foot.
90 S. VALDE'NSIS (D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 517.) peduncles and
calyxes very clammy, and beset with glandular hairs ; leaves
of the surculi and stems flat at the base, but more or less tri-
quetrous at the apex, with the upper surface marked with dots,
which are disposed without order. 1f..H. Native of the Alps
of Lyons, on the hill called Lacroix, near Abries and Pignerol ;
and on Mount Cenis. S. rupestris, Thomas, exsic. S. cassia,
var. Willd. spec. 2. p. 642. in a note. S. cae'sia y, Moretti,
tent. sax. p. 12. Flowers white, corymbose; peduncles short.
Leaves dense, short.
Var. ft, laxifolia (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 22.) leaves loose,
elongated ; flowers very numerous, loose, disposed in panicled
corymbs. 7/. H. Native of Portugal and Italy. S. cae'sia,
var. ex alpibus Italicis, Lin. mant. p. 381. but not of his spec.
S. csevsia /3, major, D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 403. S. com-
pacta, Sternb. suppl. 1. p. 9. t. 1. f. 3. under the name of S.
patens.
Lyons Saxifrage. FL May, June. Clt. ? PL -j foot.
91 S. SERPYLLIFOLIA (Pursh, fl. aiDer. sept. 1. p. 310.) sur-
culi creeping ; leaves rosulate, imbricately reflexed, oblong,
obtuse, tapering into the petiole, coriaceous, quite glabrous ;
stem filiform, few-leaved, beset with glandular pubescence, 1-
flowered ; calycine segments obtuse, not adhering to the ova-
rium ; petals broadly obovate, somewhat 3-nerved. If. H.
Native of the north-west coast of America, at Cape Newnham,
Behring's Straits, and Unalaschka. S. Fischeri, Ser. in D. C.
prod. 4. p. 22. S. Eschcholtzii, Cham, in litt. S. planif olia,
Cham, in herb. Hook. S. diapensioides, Fisch. in litt. but not
of Bellardi. Plant green, tufted. Flowers large for the plant,
apparently yellow, solitary, on slender, few-leaved, glandular
stalks. Calyx wholly inferior.
Wild-thyme-leaved Saxifrage. PL \ foot.
% 4. Leaves triquetrous, mucronately pungent.
92 S. NitiDA (Schreb. in litt. ex Sternb. rev. sax. p. 32. t. 10.
SAXIFRAGACEjE. I. SAXIFRAGA.
217
b. f. 4.) stems nearly naked, few- flowered ; leaves densely
imbricated, lanceolate, spinosely mucronate, and ciliated, shin-
ing beneath ; flowers usually by threes, panicled ; calyx pilose :
with ovate lobes, which end in a little spine each ; petals obtuse,
hardly longer than the calyx. I/ . H. Native country unknown.
Chondrosea nitida, Haw. enum. sax. p. 16. Very nearly allied
to &. tenella. Flowers yellowish.
Shining Saxifrage. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. ? PI. | foot.
93 S. TENE'LLA (Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 3. p. 144. t. 17.) leaves
crowded, linear-subulate, flat, pungent, ciliated ; stems slender,
few-leaved, many-flowered ; calycine segments linear-lanceolate ;
petals obovate. %. H. Native of the Alps of Carinthia, Car-
niola, and of the Carpathian mountains ; also about Prague.
Chondrosea tenella, Haw. enum. sax. p. 15. Plant tufted ; sur-
culi decumbent. Leaves crowded, imbricate, deep green, keeled
beneath. Flowers panicled, white. Calyx beset with glan-
dular hairs.
Delicate Saxifrage. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1819. PL | foot.
94 S. ARENARIOIDES (Brignoli, fasc. rar. pi. forogul. p. 24.
Sternb. rev. sax. p. 59.) stem erect, nearly naked, branched in
forks ; surculi creeping, prostrate, covered with imbricated
leaves; leaves linear, acuminated, ciliated at the base. I/. H.
Native of the mountains of Matajura, in the fissures of rocks.
Flowers white. Perhaps not distinct from S. tenella. (ex Mo-
retti, tent. sax. p. 33.)
Sand-wort-like Saxifrage. PI. -^ foot.
95 S. BURSERIA'NA (Lin. spec. 572.) stem beset with glan-
dular hairs ; leaves aggregate, subulate, pungent, smooth, glau-
cous ; stems usually 1 -flowered; segments of the calyx ovate ;
petals roundish, with curled edges, and branched nerves, li- H.
Native of the Alps of Carinthia and Carniola ; and in Upper
Italy, on the mountains. Wulf. in Jacq. misc. 1. p. 152. t. 17.
f. 3. Sternb. sax. p. 33. t. 10. f. 1-2. and in Sturm, deutschl.
fasc. 33. no. 10. f. a. b. c. d. — Seguier, pi. rar. 3. p. 201. t. 5.
f. 2. Chondrosea Burseriana, Haw. enum. sax. 15. Plant
densely tufted. Surculi short, erect. Leaves rosulate, trique-
trous. Flowers large, beautiful, milk-coloured, lined with
branched, yellowish, flexuous nerves.
Var, ft, subbiflora (Sternb. 1. c. t. 10. /3.) stems usually 2-
flowered.
Burser's Saxifrage. Fl. Mar. Ju. Clt. 1826. PI. ^ foot.
96 S. VANDE'LLII (Sternb. rev. sax. p. 34. t. 10. b. f. 3. ex-
clusive of the syn. of Jacq.) plant beset with glandular hairs ;
leaves firm, ciliated : radical ones aggregate, dense ; flowers
corymbose, pedunculate ; lobes of calyx ovate, acutish ; petals
obovate, cuneated, much longer than the calyx. 7/.H. Na-
tive on Mount Corni de Canzo, and of the Pyrenees. S. Bur-
seriana, Lapeyr. fl. pyr. p. 35. but not of Lin. exclusive of
many synonymes. S. Burseriana /3, spinosa, Pers. ench. 1. p.
488. S. Burseriana y, Vandelli, D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13.
p. S98. Chondrosea Vandelli, Haw. enum. sax. p. 15. Stem
usually 4-flowered. Flowers milk-coloured.
Vandelli's Saxifrage. PI. -| foot.
SECT. VII. MICRA'NTHES (from ^uicpoc, micros, small, and
avdoe, anthos, a flower ; flowers small). D. Don, in Lin. trans.
13. p. 345. Tausch, hort. canal, fasc. 1. Haw. syn. succ. p.
321. and enum. sax. p. 45. — Dermasea, Haw. enum. sax. p. 8.
Calyx 5-parted (f. 45. a.), spreading. Petals small (f. 45. b.),
sessile, spreading, inserted in the calyx : as also the stamens ;
filaments very short, subulate (f. 45 . c.). Styles very short, thick ;
stigmas capitate, glabrous. Capsule depressed, free from the
calyx (f. 45. d,}. Seeds oblong, smooth. — Perennial herbs, with
fibrous roots and many-flowered scapes. Leaves undivided,
spreading, lanceolate or ovate, serrated or crenated. Flowers
VOL. III.
corymbose, small, white or yellowish, disposed in terminal
panicles.
97 S. HIERACIFOLIA (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 17. t. 18.)
scape erect, hairy; leaves petiolate, elliptic, acute, repandly
toothed, glabrous ; pedicels aggregate, 1-flowered, disposed in
spikes: petals lanceolate, acute. l/.H. Native of the Car-
pathian mountains, Greenland: shores of the Arctic Sea, between
the Mackenzie and Coppermine rivers, Arctic Islands ; and of
Siberia, at the mouth of the river Lena. S. plantaginifolia,
Hook, in Parry's 2d voy. append, p. 394. S. rigida, Christ.
Smith, mss. S. uliginosa a, Fisch. in litt. 1S29. S. nivalis,
var. racemosa, Towns, itin. hung. p. 488. t. 15. S. rotundi-
folia, Geners. clench, scap. no. 372. Micranthes hieracifolia,
Haw. enum. sax. p. 45. Leaves ciliated, with articulated hairs.
Stem beset with glandular hairs, as well as the pedicels and
calyxes. Bracteas lanceolate, obtuse, one under each fascicle of
flowers. Flowers small, of a brownish-bay colour.
Var. |3, capitellata (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 39.) flowers
few, somewhat capitate ; leaves nearly entire ; scape length of
leaves. I/. H. Native of the Carpathian mountains, and the
Island of St. Lawrence. Micranthes hirta, Haw. enum. sax.
p. 46. ? S. uliginosa /3, atrata, Fisch. in litt.
Hawkwecd-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1789. PI.
| to 1 foot.
98 S. PENNSYLVA'NICA (Lin. spec. 571.) leaves lanceolate,
without petioles, sinuately denticulated, very hairy on botli sur-
faces ; scape branched ; flowers disposed in corymbose heads,
the whole forming a branched panicle ; calycine segments ovate,
acutish; petals linear, longer than the calyx. 3£. H. Native
of North America, in the states of New York and Virginia, in
humid meadows ; also of Canada, but rare. S. Caroliniana and
S. Marylandica, Hortul. S. palustris, Hort. engl. Link, enum.
1. p. 412. Micranthes Pennsylvania, Haw. enum. sax. p. 45.
—Dill. elth. 337. t. 253. f. 328. Leaves attenuated at the base.
Scape beset with viscid hairs, and the pedicels and calyxes
with glandular ones. Flowers of a squalid white colour.
Var. ft, corymbifera (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 269.) panicle
loose ; flowers corymbose, distant.
Pennsylvanian Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1732. PI.
1! to 2 feet.
99 S. SEMIPUBE'SCENS (Sweet, hort. suburb, p. 97.) leaves
without petioles, oval-oblong, obtuse, quite glabrous, denticu-
lated ; scape branched ; flowers in capitate corymbs, the whole
forming a panicle ; calycine segments ovate, acute ; petals oval,
about equal in length to the calyx. 1£. H. Native of North
America. Micranthes semipubescens, Haw. syn. succ. append.
321. S. Marylandica, Hortul. Micranthes hirta, Haw. enum.
sax. p. 46. Stem beset with glandular hairs, as well as the
calyxes and pedicels. Flowers small, yellowish.
Semi-pubescent Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1800. PI.
1 to \\ foot.
100 S. VIRGINIE'NSIS (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 269.) leaves
ovate, acute, toothed, stalked ; calycine segments ovate, obtuse ;
petals oval, with branched nerves ; scape paniculately branched.
T/. H. Native of Virginia, Carolina, and New England, on
the mountains ; also of Canada, near Montreal, and on the
banks of the Saskatchewan. S. Virginica, Nutt. gen. amer. 1 .
p. 285. S. elongata /3, subspatulata, Sternb. append, enum.
sax. p. 4. Dermasea pilosa, Haw. enum. sax. p. 8. — Pluk. aim.
p. 331. t. 39. f. 1. and t. 222. f. 5. Leaves rather hairy on
both surfaces. Scape beset with glandular hairs, naked above,
dichotomously branched; branches elongated, ascending. Flowers
disposed in unilateral spicate racemes, small, white. Pedicels
numerous, 1-flowered, clothed with viscid down.
Virginian Saxifrage. Fl. May.Jul. Clt. 1790. PI. | foot.
101 S. VERNA'LIS (Willd. hort. berol. t. 43.) leaves oblong or
Ff
218
SAXIFRAGACE/E. I. SAXIFRAGA.
obovate, rather, membranous, nerved, deeply crenate-toothed,
tapering into the broad petiole ; scape naked ; flowers in pani-
cled corymbs ; calycine segments erect, obtuse ; petals oblong,
obovate, more than twice the length of the calyx. I/ . H.
Native of Canada, and to the mountains of the Columbia, and
from Fort Vancouver to the Kettle Falls. S. Virginiensis,
Torrey, fl. unit. stat. 1. p. 444. Flowers small, white, forming
an imperfect corymb or thyrse. This species differs from S.
Virginiensis in the disposition of the flowers.
Var. a ; flowers loosely panicled ; scape longer. I/ . H.
Var. ft; flowers compact, rather thyrsoid. If.. H. Native
on the banks of the Saskatchewan. General habit of S. nivalis.
Var. y, gracilis ; corymb loose, few-flowered. "%. H. Na-
tive of North America. S. elongata, Sternb. sax. p. 9. t. 4.
Dermasea elongata, Haw. enum. sax. p. 9.
Spring Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? PI. £ foot.
102 S. REFLE'XA (Hook, fl. FIG. 45.
bor. amer. 1. p. 249. t. 85.)
plant clothed with hoary down ;
leaves ovate, rather coriaceous,
opaque, deeply serrated, tapering
into the petiole ; scape naked ;
panicle quite glabrous, compact,
corymbose ; petals obovate, bi-
maculate ; calyx reflexed. 2/ . H.
Native of North America, on the
shores of the Arctic Sea, between
the Mackenzie and Coppermine
rivers. Together with the harsh
and rigid foliage of S. nicalis,
the present species has a panicle
more resembling that of S: ver-
nalis ; but the petals have 2 orange spots, similar to those of S.
leucanthemifdlia. The pubescence gives a whitish or hoary
appearance to the whole plant, the panicle excepted ; but as the
pubescence is very variable in all the species of the present sec-
tion, it cannot be depended upon. (f. 45.)
Reflexcd-ca]yxe& Saxifrage. PI. •£ foot.
103 S. INTEGRIFOLIA (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 249. t. 86.)
the whole plant clothed with clammy pubescence ; leaves radical,
ovate, rather membranous, very blunt, quite entire, or sinuately
crenated, reticulately veined ; scape elongated, naked, panicled,
at the apex ; panicle loose, broad or contracted, -bracteate ;
petals obovate, twice the length of the calyx, which is at first
spreading, but at length reflexed ; stamens short ; styles diverg-
ing, y. . H. Native of the north-west coast of America, near
the mouth of the Columbia. The leaves are short, in proportion
to the height of the plant.
Entire-leaved Saxifrage. PI. -| to 1 foot.
104 S. NIVA'LIS (Lin. spec. p. 573.) leaves ovate or obovate,
coriaceous, undulately crenated, tapering into the broad petiole ;
scape naked, simple ; flowers in crowded heads ; calycine seg-
ments erect, obtuse ; petals obovate, permanent, hardly one
half longer than the calyx. Tf.. H. Native of Scotland, north
of England, Lapland, on the loftiest mountains ; in North Ame-
rica, on the Arctic Sea-shore and islands, abundant ; Labrador,
Canada, Spitzbergen, and the Rocky Mountains. In Bri-
tain, upon Snowden, and on the summits of several hills about
Snowden ; on Ben Lawers, Clova, and other Highland mountains
of Scotland; and near the top of Ben Lomond. Lightf. fl. scot,
with a figure. Smith, engl. bot. t. 440. Sternb. in Sturm,
deutschl. fl. with a figure. S. congesta, Haw. Dermasea nivalis,
Haw. syn. sax. p. 9. — Lin. fl. suec. p. 176. t. 2. f. 5, 6. — Ray.
angl. 3. p. 354. t. 16. f. 1.— Oed. fl. dan. t. 28. Leaves gla-
brous above, villous beneath. Scape clothed with viscid hairs.
Flowers disposed in crowded bracteate heads ; bracteas ciliated.
Pedicels and calyxes clothed with viscid down. Petals white,
but becoming reddish as they fade, triple-nerved ; nerves simple.
The American specimens of this plant are very variable in
habit, and in many instances so closely approach the varieties
of some of the preceding species, as hardly to be distinguished.
It is therefore most easily to be recognised by its stiff and
rigid habit, by the broad permanent petals, which remaining
amongst the deep purple capsules form a singular contrast with
them.
Var. j3, laxifldra ; heads of flowers loose, branched.
Var. 7, tennis (Wahl. fl. lapp. p. 113. Sternb. suppl. 1. p.
6.) flowers pedunculated, umbellately panicled. I/. H. Na-
tive of Lapland. — Lin, fl. lapp. t. 2. f. 5. S. punctata, Rottb.
act. hafn. 10. p. 445. t. 10.
Snowy Saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. \ foot.
105 S. LONGI'SCAPA (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 388.) leaves
ovate, serrated, on long petioles ; thyrse of flowers ovate ; seg-
ments of the calyx ovate, acute ; petals ovate, hardly longer
than the calyx. ]/ . H. Native of Siberia. Leaves hairy.
Scape filiform, beset with glandular hairs. Pedicels and calyxes
downy. Flowers white. This plant scarcely differs from S.
nivalis var. y, tennis.
Long-scaped Saxifrage. PI. -^ foot.
106 S. PA'LLIDA (Wall. cat. no. 450.) plant quite glabrous;
leaves lanceolate, obtuse, obscurely crenated, petiolate ; bracteas
linear ; flowers few, disposed in a loose panicle ; pedicels fili-
form, longer than the fruit ; petals obovate, longer than the
calyx ; calycine lobes lanceolate, length of tube, each terminated
by a sessile gland ? filaments clavate ? capsule rather bladdery,
nerved, marked by minute elevated dots ; stigmas sessile,
thickish. 1£ . F. Native of Nipaul, at Gosaingsthan, Emodi,
and Kamaon.
Pale Saxifrage. PI. | foot.
107 S. DAHU'RICA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 465.) plant quite gla-
brous ; leaves cuneiform, on long petioles, attenuated at the
base, coarsely and deeply serrated at the apex ; flowers in loose
panicles ; calycine segments ovate, acute ; petals elliptic, acute.
I/ . H. Native of Dahuria, on the tops of the Alps, near the
limits of perpetual snow. In North America, at Behring's
Straits ; alpine rivulets of the Rocky Mountains, Kotzebue's
Sound, and Bay of St. Lawrence. Leaves said to be pubescent ;
the scape beset with glandular hairs, and the pedicels and calyxes
clothed with clammy down. Petals white, marked with 2 yellow
spots at the base. The broadly cuneate, or rather flabelliform
leaves are very remarkable.
Dahurian Saxifrage. PI. |- foot.
SECT. VIII. SAXI'FRAG.K-VE'R.JE (this section contains what are
considered the true species of the genus). D. Don, in Lin.
trans. 13. p. 345. — Dactyloides, Tausch, hort. canal, fasc. 1.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 23. — Muscaria and Saxifraga, Haw. enum.
sax. p. 22-29. — Triplinervium, Gaudin, fl. helv. 3. p. 116.
Calyx 5-cleft (f. 46. a.), erect, permanent, with the tube adhering
to and involving the ovarium (f. 46. b.). Petals sessile, perigynous
(f. 46. e.). Stamens perigynous (f. 46. d.) ; filaments flat, gradually
attenuated. Stigmas spreading (f. 46. e.), flat, spatulate, bearded
with short down. Capsule covered by the calyx (f. 46. b.), and
closely adhering to it. Seeds obovate. — Perennial rarely annual,
humble, densely tufted herbs, for the most part bearing surculi.
Leaves alternate, variously parted, rarely simple, usually green ;
with the margins neither cartilaginous nor dotted. Stems leafy,
few, or many-flowered. Flowers white or yellow, rarely red.
§1. Perennial. Surculi numerous. Leaves undivided, rarely
tridentate at the apex.
108 S. PARNASSIFOLIA (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 405.)
stem erect, leafy, 3-4-flowered ; leaves cordate, stem-clasping,
SAXIFRAGACE^:. I. SAXIFRAGA.
219
glabrous ; calycine segments ovate, mucronate ; petals obovate,
5-nerved. Tf. . F. Native of Nipaul, on the Alps. Habit of
plant referrible to Parndssia palustris. Steins numerous. Leaves
ciliated with glandular hairs. Pedicels 1 -flowered, and are as
well as the calyxes glandular. Flowers milk-coloured. This is
evidently only a small specimen of S. divers/folia var. ft, parnas-
sifolia, p. 209.
Parnassia-leaved Saxifrage. PI. ^ foot.
109 S. ANDROSA'CEA (Lin. spec. 571.) radical leaves crowded,
elliptic or spatulate, obtuse, pilose, quite entire ; calycine seg-
ments obtuse ; petals spatulate ; stems nearly naked, usually
2-flowered. 7£. H. Native of Switzerland, Austria, and Car-
niola ; and on the north-west coast of America. Jacq. austr. 4.
t. 389. Sternb. sax. p. 42. t. 11. f. a. S. ciliaris, Lapeyr. ex
Benth. cat. pyr. p. 118. — Hall. itin. helv. no. 69. p. 292. t. 2.
S. androsacea y, longifolia, Gaudin, fl. helv. 3. p. 116. — Col.
ecphr. 2. p. 66. and 67. Plant densely tufted. Stems beset
with jointed glanduliferous hairs. Leaves hairy. Pedicels and
calyxes clothed with viscid down. Flowers with white petals,
and yellow filaments.
Var. ft, tridentata (Gaudin, syn. sax. in Meisner, anz. 1818.
p. 67. fl. helv. 3. p. 115.) leaves cuneiform, more or less, 3-5-
toothed. Tj:. H. Native of the Alps, but rare. Sternb. rev.
sax. t. 11. a. f. 4. and in Sturm, deutschl. fl. p. 33. no. 13. S.
androsacea trifida, Haw. enum. sax. p. 35. S. Pyrenaica, Scop,
fl. earn. no. 498. t. 16. S. androsacea trifolia. Sternb. rev.
sax. suppl. p. 11. t. 7. f. 3. S. tridens, Jan. in litt.
Androsace-like Saxifrage. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1 792. PL | ft.
110 S. SPATULA'TA (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 342. t. 96. f. 2.) plant
gemmiferous ; surculi very leafy ; leaves quite entire, spatulate,
fringed; calycine segment ovate-oblong, obtuse; petals obo-
vate; stem nearly naked, usually 2-flowered. "H. H. Native
of Mount Atlas, at the top near Belide. Antiphylla spatulata,
Haw. enum. sax. p. 44. Plant densely tufted. Surculi pro-
cumbent. Stems capillary, with a few short hairs, 1-3 or many-
flowered. Pedicels and calyxes downy. Flowers with milk-
coloured petals and yellowish filaments.
Spatulate -leaveA Saxifrage. PI. -J foot.
111 S. SEDIO'IDES (Lin. spec. 572.) stems erectish ; leaves
linear-lanceolate, acute, glabrous ; peduncles elongated, capil-
lary, 1 -flowered; calycine segments ovate, bluntish ; petals
linear, mucronate, equal in length to the calyx. I/ . H. Na-
tive of the Alps of Carinthia, Carniola, Salisburgh, Pyrenees,
Arragon, and Mount Baldo. Jacq. misc. 2. p. 134. t. 21. f. 22.
Sternb. sax. p. 27. t. 7. f. a and fl, and t. 9. f. fl, and in Sturm,
deutschl. fl. fasc. 35. f. 10. S. trichodes, Scop. fl. earn. n. 496.
t. 15. S. Hohenwartii, West, in Sternb. rev. sax. p. 26. t. 7.
middle figure, and Sturm, deutschl. fl. fasc. 33. no. 6. f. a. S.
Seguierii, Sternb. rev. sax. p. 30. t. 9. fl. Spreng. cent. nov. in
mant. hal. 46. no. 38. Gaudin, fl. helv. 3. p. 112. S. plani-
folia y, Seguierii, Sternb. rev. sax. p. 30. t. 9. b. S. angusti-
folia, Hall, fil. in Ser. herb. hort. no. 289. S. aphy'lla, Tenore,
fl. neap. pr. append. 4. p. 21. but not of Sturm. S. andro-
sacea, Comoll. prod. p. 78. no. 507. but not of Lin. Plant
tufted, pale green. Stem with a few scattered, glanduliferous
hairs. Leaves ciliated with glands. Peduncles 1-flowered,
glandular. Flowers yellow.
Var. fl, colorala (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 408.) petals
and anthers purplish. % . H. Native of the Alps of Austria.
S. Hohenwartii fl, purpurascens, Sternb. sax. p. 26. t. 9. fl.
S. sedioides fl, colorata, Sternb. rev. sax. p. 27. t. 9. fl, f. 4.
and in Sturm, deutschl. fl. p. 33. no. 6. b. S. sedioides fl, Ho-
henwartiana, Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 23.
Stonecrop-like Saxifrage. Fl. May.Ju. Clt. 1820. PI. -| ft.
112 S. TE'NERA (Sut. fl. helv. 1. p. 245.) surculi short, very
leafy ; leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, and are as well as the stems
beset with glandular hairs; calycine segments oblong- ovate ;
petals obovate, retuse, exceeding the calyx. I/ . H. Native of
the Alps of Switzerland, Piedmont, Pyrenees ; and on Mount
Cenis. Sternb. sax. p. 28. t. 9. f. 4. S. planifolia, Lapeyr. fl.
pyr. sax. p. 31. Sternb. sax. p. 28. t. 7. f. 3. S. muscoides,
All. fl. pedem. no. 1528. t. 61. f. 2. exclusive of the synonymes.
S. planifolia citrina, Gaudin, syn. sax. in Meisner, anz. 1818.
p. 66. fl. helv. 3. p. 113. a, fl. Plant densely tufted. Stems
1-3-flowered. Flowers cream-coloured, twice the size of those
of S. sedioides. Easily distinguished from S. sedioides in the
stems and leaves being densely beset with glandular hairs, and
in the petals being obovate, retuse, and twice the length of the
calyx.
Far. fl, trifida (Gaudin, in Meisner, anz. p. 66. fl. helv. 3.
p. 114.) some of the leaves trifid. I/. H. Native of Vallais,
in the valley called Bagnes.
Tender Saxifrage. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1819. PL -| foot.
113 S. DEPRE'SSA (Sternb. rev. sax. 42. t. 11. a. f. 5.) stem
roughish, few-flowered, furnished with 2 leaves, one of which
is a little stem-clasping ; leaves spatulate, entire, and cuneately
tridentate at the apex, running into the petiole at the base, rather
scabrous beneath ; petals hardly exceeding the calyx, which is
campanulate ; calycine lobes triangular, broad. l/.H. Native
of Italy, on Mount Alto. Haw. enum. sax. p. 31. It differs
from S. androsacea, to which it is nearly allied, in the leaves
running into the petiole at the base, and in the lower surface
of the leaves being roughish from short stiflfish hairs, not pilose.
Perhaps the same as S. androsacea fl, tridentata.
Depressed Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? PL | foot.
114 S. ME'RKII (Fisch. in Sternb. rev. sax. 1. p. 1. f. 3.)
stems tufted, usually 3-flowered ; calycine segments ovate ;
petals obovate-roundish, longer than the calyx ; capsule rather
bladdery ; styles parallel ; radical leaves rosulate, ovate or spa-
tulate, entire, ciliated, glabrous : cauline ones smaller, few.
7f . H. Native of Siberia, in humid places on Mount Jab-
lonoi. Habit nearly of S. androsacea, but differs in the capsule
being bladdery, much longer than the calyx. Flowers white.
Merk's Saxifrage. PL ^ foot.
115 S. CROCEA (Gaudin, syn. sax. in Meisner, anz. 1818. p.
70. fl. helv. 3. p. 133.) stems tufted, 3-5-flowered, covered with
short pubescence ; terminal peduncle sessile : lateral ones very
long, filiform ; leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, or tridentate ; caly-
cine segments oblong-narrow, bluntish, clothed with clammy
pubescence, longer than the tube ; petals elliptic, bluntish,
hardly equal in length to the calyx. I/ . H. Native of Savoy,
in the southern Alps. Muscaria crocea, Haw. enum. sax. p. 38.
Flowers copper-coloured.
Co/>per-coloured-flowered Saxifrage. PL -| foot.
116 S. STENOPE'TALA (Gaudin, syn. sax. in Meisner, anz. p.
70. fl. helv. 3. p. 132.) smoothish ; stems tufted, short; leaves
cuneated and trifid, or spatulate and obtuse ; calycine lobes obtuse,
nerveless ; petals linear. I/ . H. Native of Austria and Swit-
zerland, about St. Gall. S. unifloraand S. leptophylla, Fraelich.
S. aphy'lla, Sternb. sax. p. 40. t. 11. fl, and in Sturm, deutschl.
fl. p. 33. no. 11. with a figure. Muscaria stenopetala, Haw.
enum. sax. p. 39. S. muscoides, Wahl. carp. p. 122. Lower
leaves usually trifid. Flowers yellow.
Narrow-petalled Saxifrage. FL May, June. Clt. PL -| ft.
§ 2. Perennial. Surculi numerous. Leaves 3-5-parted, petiolate.
117 S, GERANIOIDES (Lin. spec. 578.) leaves reniform, 3-5-
lobed, pubescent, on long petioles : segments cuneated, deeply
toothed ; panicle coarctate, many-flowered ; calycine segments
linear-lanceolate, obtuse, reflexed ; petals oblong, flat. If. . H.
Native of the Pyrenees. Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 66. t. 43. S.
paniculata, Schleich. cat. 1821. S. quinquefida, Lam. fl. fr. 3.
Ff2
220
SAXIFRAGACE.E. I. SAXIFRAGA.
p. 533.— Gouan. ill. p. 28. t. 18. f. 2. Plant tufted. Surculi
reddish, stiff. Stems red, beset with glanduliferous hairs.
Bracteas lanceolate, obtuse. Flowers campanulate, white ; fila-
ments yellowish. Pedicels and calyxes clothed with clammy
down.
Var. ft, obtusiloba (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 30.) plant hardly
pilose ; lobes and lobules of leaves hardly toothed ; flowers sub-
umbellate; bracteas linear. 1{. H. Native of Switzerland.
S. geranioides, Schleich. cat. 1 822. p. 03.
Geranium-like Saxifrage. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1770. PL | ft.
118 S. IRRI'GUA (Fisch. hort. gorenk. Spreng. cent. spec,
min. cogn. p. 36.) radical leaves palmately 5-parted : * cau-
line ones trifid, sessile ; segments cuneate-oblong, mucronate,
trifid ; panicle loose, many-flowered ; calycine segments linear,
acute; petals spatulate. If. or $. H. Native of Tauria,
among rocks, at the Salghir fountains ; and of Siberia, especially
in boggy fields, from the Aldan to the Urak, and among rocks, on
the banks of the Jaika. Bieb. cent. pi. rar. ross. 2. t. 73. Sims,
bot. mag. 2207. S. petrae'a, Pall. ind. taur. Habl. taur. p. 147.
S. aquatica, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 317. exclusive of the synonyme
of Lapeyr. and Persoon. S. geranioides ft, irrigua, Ser. in
D. C. prod. 4. p. 30. Plant rather larger than the preceding,
much softer and looser, without any surculi. Stems green,
beset with jointed hairs. Petioles villous, viscid. Bracteas
palmate. Flowers large, campanulate, white ; filaments green ;
anthers yellow. Peduncles and calyxes clothed with viscid villi.
Flashy Saxifrage. FL Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. PL | to 1 foot.
119 S. MADERE'NSIS (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 414.)
surculi woody ; leaves crowded, cuneiform, on long petioles,
acute at the base, unequally and deeply lobed at the apex ;
calycine segments broadly ovate, acute. If. F. Native of
Madeira. Plant densely tufted. Stems numerous, ascending,
filiform, few-leaved, and few- flowered, beset with scattered glan-
duliferous hairs ; lobes of leaves short, ovate, acute : uppermost
cauline leaves undivided, acute. Petioles filiform, terete, cili-
ated. Pedicels and calyxes clothed with clammy down.
Madeira Saxifrage. PL ± foot.
120 S. PEDATI'FIDA (Ehrh. exsic. no. 15. Smith, in Lin.
trans. 10. p. 314.) radical leaves reniform, pedatifid,- clothed
with clammy villi : segments linear-lanceolate, acute ; panicle
fastigiate ; calycine segments linear-lanceolate, mucronate ; pe-
tals narrow, spatulate. 7/.H. Native of the Alps of Switzer-
land and the Pyrenees ; and on rocks in the highlands of Scot-
land, especially on the Clova mountains, Angus-shire. . Smith,
engl, bot. 1278. S. quinquefida a, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 533. Donn,
hort. cant. ed. 5. p. 137. S. fragilis, Schrank, hort. mon. t 92.
S. ladanifera /3 pinnatifida, Duby, in bot. gall. 1, p. 210. S. gera-
nioides S pedatifida, Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 30. Plant grow-
ing in dense conical tufts. Stems erect, red, smoothish. Petioles
villous, compressed, dilated at the base. Radical leaves 2-3-
cleft ; lateral segments 2-3 -cleft: middle one cuneately trifid or
entire ; lobes linear-lanceolate, acute, awned. Lower cauline
leaves tripartite, with linear entire lobes : upper cauline ones
entire, narrow. Flowers white, smaller than those of S. gerani-
oides; filaments yellowish green.
/W<z/j/?rf-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Scotland. PI.
-£ to i foot.
121 S. VISCOSA (Haw. ra misc. nat. 164. enum. sax. p. 26.)
stems hairy ; radical leaves pedatifid : of the surculi, which are
erect, 3-5-cleft: cauline ones trifid and lanceolate, 3-nerved. If.
H. Native country unknown. Allied to S. geranioides and S.
pedatifida, but much smaller and more clammy. Flowers white.
Clammy Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. PI. \ to | foot.
122 S. CERATOPHY'LLA (Dryamler, in hort. kew. 3. p. 70.)
surculi woody; leaves 2-3-parted, petiolate, stiff, glabrous:
segments subulate, with horny mucrones ; stems clammy ; calyx
brownish, glabrous : with ovate segments, which are furnished
each with a recurved mucrone at the apex ; petals oblong, y. .
H. Native of Spain. Sims, bot. mag. 1651. S. trifurcata,
Schrad. hort. goett. fasc. 1. p. 13. t. 7. S. petrae'a, Pavon. herb.
Plant densely tufted, quite glabrous. Stems reddish at the base,
covered with viscid juice. Petioles naked, channelled above.
Flowers snow white, disposed in a loose branched panicle. Pe-
dicels and calyxes covered with clammy juice.
Horn-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1804. PL i
to | foot.
123 S. OBTUSI'FIDA (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 416.) sur-
culi woody ; leaves 3-parted, stiff, and smooth, as well as the
very narrow petioles ; segments linear, very blunt ; calyxes pu-
bescent, with ovate obtuse segments ; petals obovate. 7£ . H.
Native of Spain. Plant densely tufted, quite glabrous, deep
green. Stems few-leaved. Lateral segments of leaves length-
ened, and usually bifid. Pedicels 1 -flowered, pubescent. Flowers
campanulate, white. Petals triple-nerved : nerves 2-3-forked at
the apex.
Blunt-cleft-leaved Saxifrage. PL ^ foot.
124 S. AJUGjEFbLiA (Lin. amcen. acad. 4. p. 271.) surculi pro-
cumbent ; leaves 5-parted : segments lanceolate, mucronate ;
stem branched ; calycine segments ovate, mucronate ; petals
flat, obovate. 1£. H. Native of Provence, on the mountains,
and of the Pyrenees. Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 56. t. 31. Sternb.
sax. p. 46. Plant green, furnished with a few viscid hairs,
which are more dense on the petioles : densely tufted at the time
of flowering, but growing in a loose manner afterwards. Surculi
long, reddish, as well as the base of the stems. Leaves glabrous,
but ciliated : cauline ones undivided, lanceolate. Flowers large,
campanulate, white. Calyx beset with glanduliferous hairs.
Petals triple-nerved : nerves simple.
Var. /3, Aitbnis (Haw. enum. sax. p. 29.) leaves of the pros-
trate stolons 3-5-cleft, somewhat pedate ; segments linear-lan-
ceolate, awned, twice the length of the petioles. 3£ . H. Native
of the mountains of Provence. S. ajugaefolia, Ait. hort. kew. ed.
2. vol. 3. p. 70. S. ajugaefolia S longipes, Haw. 1. c.
far. y, fimbriata (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 28.) sepals and
petals jagged. If.. H. Native of the Pyrenees. Ramond, in
D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 372. in a note.
Ajuga-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1825. PL i ft.
125 S. AFFI'NIS (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 418.) surculi
procumbent ; leaves 5-parted : segments linear, mucronate ;
calycine segments linear, awned ; petals oblong, with inflexed
edges. 3£. H. Native of Ireland, as on the top of Brandon
mountains, county of Kerry. Plant beautiful green, furnished
with soft and viscid hairs, densely tufted before flowering, but
afterwards loose. Surculi elongated, reddish. Stems shining,
smooth, few-flowered. Leaves of the surculi for the most part
3-parted. Pedicels and calyxes clothed with viscid down.
Flowers white, smaller than those of S. ajugcefolia. Petals tri-
ple-nerved : nerves simple.
Allied Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. PL \ foot.
126 S. CAPITA'TA (Lapeyr. fl. pyr. p. 55. t. 30.) stems thick-
ish, prostrate, hardly pilose ; leaves cuneated, 3-5-cleft, rather
fleshy, nerved, crowded towards the tops of the surculi : lobes
ovate, rather parallel ; calycine lobes ovate-lanceolate, bluntish,
length of tube when in flower ; petals obovate, much longer
than the calyx ; styles very long, spatulate. I/ . H. Native of
the Pyrenees. S. ajugaefolia /3, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 371. Sternb.
rev. sax. p. 26. Petals white, 3-nerved above the base, lateral
nerves confluent. Very like S, ajugcefblia, but differs in the
leaves being thicker and denser.
CV/p'<a/e-flowered Saxifrage. FL May, June. PL -| foot.
127 S. PENTADA'CTYLIS (Lapeyr. fl. pyr. sax. p. 64. t. 40.)
surculi short, erect; leaves on long petioles, glabrous, 5-parted :
SAXIFRAGACE^E. I. SAXIFRAGA.
221
segments linear, obtuse, ribbed beneath ; calycine segments lan-
ceolate, acute ; petals obovate, with branched nerves. If. . H.
Native of the Pyrenees. Herb glabrous, pale green, densely
tufted. Stems branched, terete, glabrous, flexuous. Petioles
long, compressed, glabrous. Flowers white, disposed in loose
panicles.
Var. ft, corymbbsa (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 30.) flowers nu-
merous, in dense corymbs ; peduncles more rigid and shorter.
Var. y, capitellata (Ser. 1. c.) flowers somewhat capitate ; pe-
duncles very short.
Fice-Jtngered-\ea.ve<i Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1815.
PI. i to | foot.
128 S. LATI'FIDA (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 420.) surculi
erect, short ; radical and surculine leaves broadly cuneated, gla-
brous, 3-5-lobed: lobes broadly ovate; calyx glabrous, with
ovate-lanceolate mucronulate segments ; petals spatulate, with
simple nerves. I/ . H. Native of Spain. S. adscendens,
Pavon, herb. Plant quite glabrous, pale green, tufted. Stems
many leaved, many flowered. Lower cauline leaves like the
radical ones, but more profoundly lobed : lobes lanceolate ; upper
cauline leaves undivided. Peduncles elongated, 2-flowered.
Flowers white.
Broad-cleft-\eave& Saxifrage. PI. i foot.
129 S. DECI'PIENS (Ehrh. beitr. 5. p. 47.) plant very villous ;
leaves 5-cleft or trifid : segments ovate-oblong, obtuse, mutic ;
calycine segments triangularly ovate, obtuse, mutic ; petals orbi-
cular. 1£. H. Native of Germany and Bohemia,, in exposed
rocky places. In North Wales on the rocks of Cwn Id well. In
Ireland on the Galty mountains of Tipperary. Sternb. sax. p. 55.
t. 23. S. ceespitosa, Oed. fl. dan. t. 71. S. petraea, Roth. tent.
1. p. 184. With. brit. p. 890. S. palmata, Smith, brit. 2. p.
456. engl. hot. t. 455. Lapeyr. fl. pyr. sax. p. 64. t. 41. S. vil-
losa, Willd. enum. 462. S. caespitosa, Smith, engl. fl. 2. p. 273.
S. rupestris, Schleich. cat. 1821. S. Lapeyrousii, Sternb. rev.
sax. p. 51. S. decipiens hirsuta, Haw. enum. sax. p. 31. S.
decipiens canescens, Haw. 1. c. S. intermedia, Tausch, ex Link,
enum. 1. p. 415. S. Steinmannii, Tausch, hort. canal, fasc. 1.
with a figure, S. hypnoides villosa, Arn. et Ser. in D. C. prod.
4. p. 32. Plant canescent, densely tufted before flowering, but
afterwards becoming loose, and the surculi elongated and pro-
cumbent. Lower cauline leaves usually tripartite, upper cauline
ones undivided. Stems many flowered. Flowers large, spread-
ing, milk-coloured. Petals triple-nerved : nerves simple.
Deceiving Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Wales. PI. -| foot.
130 S. HI'RTA (Donn, cant. ed. 5. p. 107.) plant very villous;
radical leaves 5-cleft: surculine ones trifid: segments ovate-
lanceolate, acute ; calycine segments triangularly ovate, acute ;
petals obovate. If. . H. Native of Ireland, among alpine rocks,
western highlands of Scotland, and Wales ; as on the Galty
mountains, Tipperary ; in the west part of Scotland ; near Twll
du in Cwn Idwell, also on the walls of Dolwyddelan castle, be-
twixt Capel Cory and Llandwst, North Wales. Smith, engl.
bot. 2291. Plant canescent, densely tufted before flowering,
but afterwards loose, with the surculi decumbent and flexuous.
Stem many leaved, few-flowered, clothed with viscid hairs. Pe-
tioles dilated. Lower cauline leaves 3-parted, with linear seg-
ments : upper ones undivided. Flowers white, smaller than
those of S. decipiens. Pedicels and calyxes clothed with glan-
dular hairs. Petals triple-nerved : nerves simple.
Hairy Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Ireland. PI. A to \ ft.
131 S. PLATIPE'TALA (Smith, in Lin. trans. 10. p. 391.) plant
villous ; surculi elongated, prostrate ; leaves 3-5-parted : seg-
ments linear, acute, and awned ; calycine segments ovate, mucro-
nate ; petals orbicular. Tf. . H. Native of the Alps of Scot-
land and Wales ; as upon Snowdon in Wales ; and the Clova
mountains in Angus-shire, Scotland. Smith, engl. bot. 2276.
S. recurva, Schleich. cat. 1821. S. hypnoides rhodopetala, Haw.
enum. sax. p. 32. Plant densely tufted before flowering, but
afterwards loose. Stems leafy, many flowered. Upper cauline
leaves undivided. Flowers rather large, milk-coloured. Pe-
duncles and calyxes clotlied with glandular down. Petals red at
the apex when in the bud, triple-nerved : lateral nerves in-
curved, a little branched, middle one straight and simple.
Broad-petalled Saxifrage. Fl. June. Britain. PI. J foot.
132 S. INCURVIFOLIA (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 423.)
plant smoothish ; radical leaves 5-cleft, surculine ones trifid :
segments lanceolate, obtuse, incurved ; calycine segments ovate,
acute; petals roundish, emarginate. 7(.. H. Native of Ireland,
on alpine rocks. S. incurva, Mackay in litt. Plant green,
densely tufted, glabrous at the time of flowering, but furnished
with long viscid villi afterwards. Surculi short, erect. Stems
leafy, 2-3-flowered. Radical leaves aggregate : upper cauline
ones undivided. Petioles dilated. Flowers white. Pedicels and
calyxes furnished with glanduliferous hairs. Petals triple-nerved :
nerves simple.
Incurved-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Ireland. PI. •% ft.
133 S. DENUDA'TA (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 424.) plant
quite glabrous ; radical leaves 5-cleft, surculine ones 3-parted :
segments linear-subulate, acute, mucronate ; calycine segments
lanceolate, mucronulate; petals obovate, emarginate. 1£. H.
Native of Scotland, on the Clova mountains in Angus-shire.
Herb pale green, growing in small dense tufts. Surculi short,
crowded, very leafy. Stems erect, few-leaved, 2-flowered, pur-
plish, beset with glanduliferous hairs. Upper cauline leaves un-
divided. Flowers campanulate, white. Petals 3-nerved : nerves
simple ; filaments greenish yellow.
Naked Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Scotland. PI. ^ foot.
134 S. STERNBE'RGII (Willd. enum. p. 462.) plant glabrous ;
radical leaves 5-cleft, palmatifid, those of the surculi trifid or
undivided : lobes ovate, acute, mutic ; calycine segments ovate,
mucronate ; petals obovate, with branched nerves. If.. H. Na-
tive of Germany, about Norimberg. Sternb. sax. p. 56. t. 24.
S. palmata, Pauz. in Sturm, deutschl. fl. p. 26. half. t. 10. f. 2.
S. decipiens contraversa, Haw. enum. sax. p. 32. S. coutra-
versa, Hortul. but not of Sternb. S. elongata, Panz. fl. norimb.
mss. S. decipiens, Sieb. exsic. S. hypnoides latifida, Haw.
enum. sax. p. 33. S. uniflora, Sternb. rev. sax. suppl. p. 13. t.
9. S. intermedia a, Gaudin, fl. helv. 3. p. 121. S. hyp-
noides T) Sternbergii, Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 32. Plant pale
green, densely tufted. Surculi very short, crowded. Stems 2-3,
rarely 4-flowered. Cauline leaves all undivided, cuneated,
acute. Flowers large, white. Pedicels and calyxes beset with
short glanduliferous hairs. Petals triple-nerved : nerves flexu-
ous, much branched.
Sternberg's Saxifrage. Fl. May. June. PI. 3- foot.
135 S. PULCHE'LLA (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 426.) plant
glabrous ; radical leaves 5-cleft, surculine ones trifid : segments
linear, obtuse, mucronate ; calycine segments broadly ovate, ob-
tuse ; petals orbicular, with branched nerves. If. . H. Native
of Germany. Herb deep green, densely tufted, furnished with
a few glanduliferous hairs at the time of flowering. Surculi
short, erect. Stems 2-3-flowered, beset with a few glandulifer-
ous hairs. Lower cauline leaves digitately 5-parted : upper
ones 3-parted. Flowers milk-coloured, size of those of the pre-
ceding species. Pedicels and calyxes clothed with glandular
down. Petals triple-nerved.
Neat Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818. PI. £ foot.
136 S. TRIDENTA'TA. (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 426.) plant
glabrous ; radical leaves 5-cleft, surculine ones on long petioles,
acutely tridentate ; calycine segments triangularly ovate, mucro-
nate ; petals spatulate. If.. H. Native country unknown.
Herb densely tufted, quite glabrous before flowering, but fur-
222
SAXIFRAGACE^:. I. SAXIFRAGA.
nished with some viscid villi afterwards. Surculi very short,
very leafy. Stems erect, few-leaved, few-flowered, purplish,
beset with glanduliferous hairs. Petioles slender, ciliated. Pe-
dicels and calyxes clothed with viscid down. Petals triple-
nerved : nerves simple. Flowers white ; filaments green.
Tridentate-\eaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. PI. ^ foot.
137 S. ANDI'COLA (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 427.) plant
very villous ; radical leaves trifid : segments lanceolate, acute :
upper surculine leaves linear, simple, acute ; calycine segments
ovate, acute ; petals obovate-orbicular, with branched nerves.
If. F. Native of Peru, in very cold places on Mount Rucu-
Pichincha, at the elevation of 4000 or 5000 feet. H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 48. t. 519. S. villbsa, Pavon, mss.
S. Cordilleriana, Presl, in Haenk. reliq. 2. p. 55. Plant densely
tufted. Surculi short, decumbent. Stems erect, leafy, 3-4-
flowered, clothed with viscid villi. Lower cauline and surculine
leaves 3-parted. Flowers milk-coloured, subcorymbose. Calyx
densely clothed with glandular hairs.
Andes Saxifrage. PI. -^ foot.
138 S. CJESPITOSA (Lin. spec. 578.) radical leaves aggregate,
5-3-parted or undivided : segments linear-lanceolate, obtuse ;
stems few-leaved, few-flowered ; calycine segments ovate, ob-
tuse ; petals obovate-roundish, connivent. Tf.H. Native of the
Alps of Lapland, Sweden, Switzerland, Norway, and the Pyre-
nees ; also of the north-west coast of America, Kotzebue's Sound,
Arctic sea-shore, and of Greenland. In Wales and Ireland on the
loftiest mountains ; on the rocks of Troll du Cwn Idwell, North
Wales ; on the lofty summits of Brandon mountains, county of
Kerry. Gunn. fl. norv. no. 1047. t. 7. f. 3. Smith, engl. bot.
t. 794. S. Groenlandica, Lin. spec. p. 578. Gunn. fl. norv. p.
689. t. 7. f. 1. Lapery. pyr. sax. p. 39. t. 19.— Dill. elth. p.
337. t. 353. f. 329. Muscaria caespitosa, Haw. enum. sax. p.
37. Plant densely tufted, beset with glanduliferous hairs. Sur-
culi short, very leafy. Stems 1-3-flowered, but in cultivation
usually 4-flowered. Lower cauline leaves palmate, upper ones
for the most part 3-parted. Pedicels and calyxes clothed with
viscid down. Flowers rather large, milk-coloured ; filaments
yellow ; petals triple-nerved ; nerves simple : lateral ones curved.
Tufted Saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Wales. PI. \ foot.
139 S. UNIFLORA (R. Br. in Parry's first voy. append, p.
275. but not of Sternb.) radical leaves aggregate, trifid: cauline
ones linear, undivided, distant; stem one-flowered, and is, as
well as the inferior ovarium, viscid ; down glandular, very
short; calycine segments obtuse ; petals obovate-oblong. Tf.. H.
Native of the Arctic Islands. S. caespitosa, R. Br. in Ross' voy.
ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 192. S. caespitosa ft uniflora, Hook. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 244. S. venosa, Haw. enum. sax. p. 28.? Flowers
milk-coloured.
One-flowered Saxifrage. PI. ^ foot.
140 S. STELLA' TA (Pavon, mss. ex D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13.
p. 430.) leaves very numerous, adpressedly imbricated, 5-cleft
or trifid : segments linear-oblong, obtuse; stem few-flowered;
calycine segments ovate, acute ; petals obovate. 3f . F. Native
of Peru, on the Andes in very cold places. Plant densely tufted.
Habit of Fragbsa tomentbsa, beset with glanduliferous hairs.
Stems erect, 2-flowered. Cauline leaves simple, obtuse. Pe-
tioles dilated. Flowers largish, milk-coloured. Calyx clothed
with glandular down ; petals obovate, triple-nerved : nerves
simple.
Stellate Saxifrage. PI. 1 inch.
141 S. BONPLA NDII (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 431.) plant
pubescent ; leaves crowded, 5-cleft or trifid : segments linear,
obtuse ; calycine segments lanceolate, acute ; petals obovate.
If. . H. Native of the Cordillera of Peru, in cold places. S.
Peruviana, Bonpland in Sternb. sax. p. 55. t. 22. S. Cordil-
leriana ft Bonplandii, Presl, in reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 55. S. al-
pina, Pavon, mss. Plant densely tufted, beset with short glan-
duliferous hairs. Surculi short, very leafy. Stems clothed with
glandular tomentum, as well as the calyxes, few-leaved. Lower
cauline leaves 3-parted : upper cauline ones undivided, linear-
lanceolate. Petioles narrow, short. Flowers white, terminal,
nearly sessile, by threes, rarely solitary ; petals triple-nerved :
nerves simple.
far. ft, Hce^nkei; leaves densely glandular, 3-5-lobed : lobes
ovate; surculi nearly globose ; corymbs 6-1 0-flowered. %. F.
Nalive in valleys on the Cordillera of Peru. S. Cordilleriana
var. y Haevnkei, Presl, in Haenk. reliq. 2. p. 55.
Var. y, Idxa ; stems elongated ; leaves densely glandular, 3-
5-lobed, loosely imbricated : lobes ovate ; surculi cylindrical,
loose; corymbs many flowered. If.. F. Native of the Cordil-
lera of Peru, in valleys. Petals white. S. Cordilleriana S laxa,
Presl, in Haenk. reliq. 2. p. 55.
Bonpland's Saxifrage. PI. 1 inch.
142 S. MAGELLA'NICA (Poir. diet. 6. p. 686.) stems tufted,
procumbent ; leaves linear or trifid, much crowded, glabrous ;
floriferous branches naked, axillary, very short, l-flowered. If..
F. Native of the Straits of Magellan. Muscaria Magellanica,
Haw. enum. sax. p. 38. Plant tufted. Stems leafy. Lower
leaves trifid. Flowers solitary, on short peduncles. Segments
of the calyx linear, obtuse. Petals obovate, twice the length of
the calyx.
Var. a, integrifblia (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 24.) leaves spa-
tulate, usually entire : upper ones puberulous : lower ones gla-
brous.
Var. ft, triloba (Ser. 1. c.) leaves all cuneated, 3-lobed at the
apex, clammy. If,. F. S. Magellanica, Sternb. rev. sax. p. 39.
t. 11. f. 1.
Magellan Saxifrage. PI. -| foot.
143 S. LANCEOLA'TA (Haw. syn. succ. p. 324. enum. sax. p.
240.) leaves glabrous, ciliated ; those of the surculi palmately
7-cleft : those of the stolons, which are very short and erect, 3-
5-cleft : cauline leaves lanceolate ; petals roundish, obovate.
2£ . H. Native of the Alps of Europe. Flowers white.
Var. ft, minor (Haw. enum. sax. p. 24.) leaves trifid and en-
tire : lower cauline ones lanceolate-spatulate ; petals oblong-cu-
neiform, distinct. If.. H. Two or three times smaller than
the species, and the leaves and petioles are very different.
Haw. 1. c.
Var. y, obtusa (Haw. 1. c. p. 24.) leaves cuneiform at the
base or obovate : those of the rosulae deeply 1-5-toothed, and
brownish : those of the stolons usually abortive : lower cauline
leaves elliptic ; petals orbicularly obovate. If. H.
Lanceolate-leaved. Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1800. PI.
| to | foot.
144 S. DICHO'TOMA (Willd. in Sternb. sax. rev. p. 51.) radical
leaves reniformly cordate, palmately parted : segments linear ;
cauline leaves nearly sessile, cuneated, 3-5-parted ; flowers in
dichotomous panicles ; peduncles and calyxes pilose ; calycine
lobes lanceolate, acute, length of the tube. If. . H. Native of
Spain. Haw. enum. sax. p. 27. Flowers white.
Dichotomous Saxifrage. PI. i to J foot.
145 S. EXARA'TA (Vill. dauph. 4. p. 674. t. 45.) plant pubes-
cent ; radical leaves 5 or 3-parted : those of the surculi 3-
parted : segments linear, very blunt, engraven above ; stem
many flowered ; calycine segments ovate-oblong, obtuse ; petals
obovate, with simple nerves. If. H. Native of the Alps of
Dauphiny, Savoy, Piedmont, and the higher Pyrenees ; also of
North America : frequent on the Rocky Mountains between lat.
52° and 56°. S. nervosa, Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 63. t. 39. S.
hypnoides, All. pedem. no. 1538. t. 21. f. 4. S. intermedia,
Gaudin, fl. helv. 3. p. 122. S. striata, Hall. fil. in herb. Gaudin,
1. c. p. 129.? Plant densely tufted before flowering, afterwards
SAXIFRAGACE.E. I. SAXIFRAGA.
•228
loose and surculose, densely clothed with glandular down. Sur-
culi stiffs!]. Cauline leaves profoundly 3-parted, with the lateral
segments generally bifid. Petioles linear, flat. Pedicels fili-
form, 1 -flowered, furnished each with a tripartite bractea at the
base. Flowers white ; filaments yellow.
Var. ft, pubescens (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 433.) radical
and surculine leaves deeply 3-parted : lateral segments bifid ;
flowers on long peduncles, corymbose. Tf.. H. Native of the
Pyrenees and Newfoundland. S. pubescens, Poir. act. toul. 3.
p. 327. D. C. prod. 4. p. 27. S. mixta a and ft, Lapeyr. pyr.
sax. p. 41. t. 21. S. caespitosa, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 672. S.
moschata, Lapeyr.
Var. y, intricata (D. Don, 1. c.) radical leaves crowded,
spreading, cuneated, 5-cleft; peduncles divaricate. I/. H.
Native of the Pyrenees. S. intricata, Lapeyr. sax. pyr. p. 58.
t. 33.
Var, S, Prostidna (Ser. in Benth. cat. p. 118.) stems few-
flowered ; leaves rosulate, short, reflexed : with short obtuse
lobes, which hardly diverge ; cauline leaves entire. I/ . H. Na-
tive about Melda, Alps of Dauphiny, and on the Pic St. Loup,
near Montpelier. S. mixta, Lapeyr. fl. pyr. t. 20. S. pubes-
cens y and S, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 375.
.Engra^en-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818. PL
| to | foot.
146 S. PAVONII (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 434.) plant
pubescent ; leaves 3-parted : segments linear, acute, nerved ;
petioles linear, dilated, ribbed beneath ; calycine segments linear-
lanceolate, acute ; petals obovate, with simple nerves. I/ . F.
Native of the Andes of Peru, in very cold places. Herb grow-
ing in dense flat tufts. Surculi short. Stems few-leaved, 3-5-
flowered, covered with short glandular hairs. Upper cauline
leaves simple, linear, all the rest tripartite. Petioles linear,
dilated. Peduncles and calyxes densely clothed with short glan-
dular down. Flowers milk-coloured, fading to a yellowish
colour.
Paron's Saxifrage. PI. i to J foot.
147 S. PEDEMONTA'NA (All. ped. no. 1540. t. 21. f. 6.) plant
pubescent ; leaves crowded, cuneatedly spatulate, engraven
above, cut in a digitate manner : segments linear-oblong, entire
or tridentate ; flowers corymbose ; segments of the calyx linear
and elongated, acute ; petals oblong-spatulate, with simple
nerves, y. . H. Native of the Alps of Piedmont and Hungary.
S. heterophylla, Sternb. sax. p. 50. t. 20. f. 1. and 2. S. cervi-
cornis, Viv. fl. cors. prod, append, p. 2. S. cymosa, Waldst. et
Kit. hung. p. 91. t. 88. S. Pedemontana a, /3, and y, D. C.
prod. 4. p. 29. Plant densely tufted. Surculi short. Stems
many flowered, clothed with clammy down. Flowers large,
campanulate, white. Calyxes and pedicels clothed with short
viscid down.
Piedmont Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. PL J to ^ foot.
148 S. QUI'NQUEDENS (Haw. syn. succ. p. 325. and enum.
sax. p. 30.) naked ; leaves of the twiggy surculi 3-5 -cleft, re-
mote, length of the internodes ; lobes subulate, awned, equal in
length to the petioles, which are ciliated ; petals orbicular. Tf. .
H. Native country unknown.
Five-toothed-lea.ved Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. PL •£ to •§• ft.
149 S. PANICULA'TA (Hort. madr. ex Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p.
402.) leaves glabrous, 3-parted : lobes trifid, linear ; cauline
leaves tripartite, with entire lobes; stems ascending, y.. H.
Native of Spain.
Panicled Saxifrage. PL -j foot.
150 S. MOSCHA'TA (VVulf. in Jacq. misc, 2. p. 128. t. 21. f. 2.)
plant pubescent ; radical leaves trifid : surculine ones trifid or un-
divided, nerved ; segments linear, acutish ; stems filiform, some-
what racemose ; petals narrow-oval, hardly exceeding the calyx.
~ Native of the Alps of Carinthia, Carniola, Savoy, Salis-
. H.
burgh, and the Pyrenees. Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 61. t. 37.
Sternb. sax. p. 41. t. 11. f. 3. S. caespitosa, Scop. earn. p. 494.
t. 14. S. exarata, All. pedem. no. 1539. f. 2. S. muscoides X
prostrata, Gaudin, fl. helv. 3. p. 131. and Ser. in D. C. prod. 4.
p. 20. S. muscoides, Sternb. sax. p. 39. t. 11. f. 2. exclusive
of var. ft. and y, and the synonyme of Smith. Plant densely
tufted before flowering, smoothish, but afterwards loose and
surculose. Surculi erect, elongated, slender. Stems filiform,
3-5-flowered, rather naked. Petioles linear, with a furrow.
Flowers subracemose, on short pedicels, which are furnished
each with a tripartite leaf at the base. Calyx densely clothed
with glandular down : with linear obtuse segments. Petals yel-
low, triple-nerved : nerves simple.
Far. ft, atropurpurea (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 26.) plant
hardly with any clammy hairs ; leaves rather loose : upper ones
entire; stem smoothish, few-flowered; petals narrow, of a pur-
plish orange-colour, longer than the calyx. Tf. . H. Native of
Carniola and Switzerland. S. atropurpurea, Sternb. rev. sax. t.
11. b. f. 2. and in Sturm, deutschl. fl. p. 33. f. 11. Muscaria
atropurpurea, Haw. enum. sax. p. 28. S. ampulacea, Tenore,
append, prod. fl. neap. 4. p. 20. S. muscoides var. p, Ser. in
D.C. prod. 4. p. 26.
Musky Saxifrage. FL May, June. PL ^ foot.
151 S. MUSCOI'DES (Wulf. in Jacq. misc. 2. p. 125.) plant
quite glabrous ; radical leaves entire or trifid : surculine ones all
linear, undivided, obtuse, nerveless ; stems very slender, usually
3-flowered ; calycine segments lanceolate, blunt ; petals linear,
a little longer than the calyx. 1{.. H. Native of the Alps of
Carinthia, Dauphiny, Switzerland, Caucasus, Persia, and the
Pyrenees. In England on the mountains about Ambleside, in
Westmoreland. S. caespitosa, Huds. angl. p. 181. exclusive of
the synonyme of Lin. and Fl. dan. Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 59. t.
35. and probably 34. Sternb. sax. t. 11. f. 1. S. moschata,
With. brit. 2. p. 406. S. Pyrenaica, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 671. S.
muscoides S, Sternb. rev. sax. p. 40. Muscaria muscoides ft elon-
gella, Haw. enum. sax. 37. S. elongella. Haw. in misc. nat. p.
161. but not engl. bot. S. muscoides ft elatior, Gaudin, syn.
sax. and fl. helv. 3. p. 31. Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 26. Plant
green, densely tufted. Surculi erect, longish, slender. Stems
erect, nakedish, for the most part 3-flowered, and beset with
glands. Leaves rarely with glands on the edges. Nerves of
petals simple. Flowers of a pale yellow-colour.
Var. ft, crassifblia (Gaudin, syn. sax. and in fl. helv. 3. p.
31.) leaves nearly sessile, fleshy, for the most part undivided;
stems rather panicled. I/. H. Native of the Alps of Savoy.
S. muscoides y, D. C. prod. 4. p. 26.
Var. \, uniflbra (Gaudin, 1. c.) surculi densely tufted ; leaves
short, rather incurved ; stems rather capillary, 1 -flowered, or
almost wanting. I/. H. S. ceespitosa, Lapeyr. fl. pyr. t. 34.
and 36. S. muscoides ft, Sternb. rev. p. 40. S. moschata, var.
Lapeyr. fl. pyr. t. 38. S. acaulis, Gaudin, syn. sax. in Miesner,
anz. p. 68. fl. helv. 3. p. 127. Muscaria acaulis, Haw. enum.
sax. p. 38. S. muscoides nana, Sternb. rev. sax. suppl. p. 11. t.
7. f. 2. S. muscoides c, D. C. prod. 4. p. 26.
Var. S, capitata (Gaudin, fl. helv. 3. p. 131.) surculi densely
tufted ; leaves short, thickish ; flowers sessile, capitate, few.
If. . H. Native of Switzerland, in the grassy parts of the moun-
tains. S. csespitosa, Wahlenb. helv. p. 80. exclusive of the
synonymes. S. muscoides £, D. C. prod. 4. p. 26.
Moss-like Saxifrage. FL May, June. England. PL ^ foot.
152 S. PYGM^A (Haw. misc. nat. p. 168.) plant quite gla-
brous ; surculi very short, rosulate ; leaves lanceolate, nerve-
less, glabrous, blunt, and rather cut at the apex ; calycine seg-
ments broadly ovate ; petals oval, hardly longer than the calyx.
If. . H. Native of the Pyrenees. S. muscoides y hemisphae'-
rica, Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 60. t. 36. S. moschata, Smith, engl.
224
SAXIFRAGACEiE. I. SAXIFRAGA.
bot. t. 2214. exclusive of the synonymes. S. moschata ft, La-
peyr. pyr. sax. p. 62. t. 38. S. moschata y, Sternb. sax. t. 11.
ft, f. 2. S. muscoldes lineata, Sternb. rev. sax. suppl. 1. p. 10.
t. 7. f. 1. ? S. muscoldes a microphylla, Gaudin, syn. sax. in
Meisner, anz. 1829. p. 69. fl. helv. 3. p. 131. D. C. prod. 4. p.
26. Plant densely tufted, spreading close on the ground. Sur-
culi short, rosulate, very leafy. Stems filiform, slender, few-
leaved, 3-4-flowered, beset with glands. Flowers the smallest
of all the section, of a yellowish colour. Calyx and pedicels
glandular. Nerves of petals simple. Filaments short, purple.
Pygmy Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Scotland. PI. 1 to 2
inches.
153 S. TEREKTE'NSIS (Bunge, in Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t.
398. fl. alt. 2. p. 123.) plant small, tufted ; radical leaves much
crowded, cuneated, trifid : segments oblong-linear, obtuse,
ciliated with a few glands ; cauline leaves few, trifid or entire ;
stem few-flowered, glandular ; petals eblong, twice the length of
the calyx. 11 . H. Native of Altaia, in rough stony places on
tops of mountains, between the rivers Ursul and Koksun.
Flowers pale yellow. Allied to S. moschata, but differs in the
flowers being twice the size, and in the petals being obovate-
oblong.
Terek Saxifrage. PI. ^ foot.
154 S. SECU'NDA (Moretti, tent. sax. p. 20.) plant very vil-
lous ; radical leaves aggregate, cuneiform, 3-5-cleft : lobes ob-
tuse ; stems few-leaved, rather corymbose ; flowers secund ;
lobes of calyx ovate, obtuse ; petals obovate, longer than the
calyx. 11 . H. Native of Italy ? S. csespitosa, Biroli, fl. aeon.
1. p. 142. Poll, veron. 2. p. 33. but not of Lin.
Sccund-fio\vered Saxifrage. PI. ^ foot.
155 S. VENOSA (Haw. enum. sax. p. 28.) plant almost stem-
less ; leaves simple and trifid, nerved; scapes 1 -flowered, fur-
nished with linear entire leaves. If. H. Native of Melville
Island. Perhaps only a variety of S. muscoldes, unrflbra, or
ccespilbsa.
Veiny-leaved Saxifrage. PI. 1 to 2 inches.
156 S. GLABE'LLA (Bertol. virid. bonn. 1824. p. 80.) surculi
densely leafy ; stems few-flowered, glabrous ; leaves all un-
divided, linear or spatulate, glabrous ; peduncles and calyxes
puberulous, viscid ; petals obovate, obtuse, length of the calyx,
triple-nerved ; capsule short, somewhat globose, inclosed in
the calyx ; styles short, diverging ; seeds obovate, echinated,
dark. 1£. H. Native of Abruzzo, on humid grassy rocks.
Said to be nearly allied to S. exarata, Tenore, append. 4. fl.
neap. p. 19.
Smooth Saxifrage. Fl. July, Aug. PI. ^ to •£ foot.
157 S: QUINQUE'FIDA (Haw. in misc. nat. p. 163. enum. succ.
p. 26.) surculi erect ; leaves cleft into 5-11 parts, pedate : seg-
ments linear-lanceolate, furrowed by a line on the upper side.
If. . H. Native of Scotland, on the mountains. Perhaps the
same as S. pedatijida.
Quinqucfid-\eaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Scotland. PI.
| foot.
158 S. SILENIFLORA (Cham, ex Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p.
245.) plant tufted ; surculi short; leaves stiff, rosulate, dense,
3-5-7-parted, shining, and as if they were varnished, many
nerved, pubescent : segments linear, acutish ; floriferous stems
elongated, clothed with glandular down ; flowers panicled, rather
large ; ovarium adhering to the tube of the calyx, which is
clothed with glandular down ; calycine segments obtuse ; petals
obovate, 3-nerved, twice the length of the calyx. If.. H. Native
of Behring's Straits. The inflorescence of this plant a good deal
resembles S. hypnoides.
Var. ft, uniflora (Hook. 1. c.) stem 1-flowered.
Catclifly-flonered Saxifrage. PI. £ to | foot.
159 S. ADSCE'NDENS (Vahl. in act. nat. hist. hafn. 2. 1. p. 12.)
leaves deeply tripartite ; segments cuneated, multifid ; pedun-
cles many-flowered ; calycine segments ovate-oblong, bluntish ;
petals oval, entire ; stem ascending, panicled. If. . H. Native
of the Pyrenees, in springs. S. petrae'a, Gouan. ill. p. 29. t. 1 7.
f. 3. S. aquatica, Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 53. t. 28. Sternb. sax.
p. 48. t. 19. f. 1 and 2. Plant tufted. Surculi short, leafy.
Stems ascending, a foot or more high, beset with glanduliferous
hairs. Radical leaves 5-lobed, glabrous ; lobes deeply toothed.
Petioles dilated at the base. Flowers disposed in coarctate
panicles, white. Peduncles many-flowered, and are as well as
the calyxes clothed with glandular down. Nerves of petals
simple, reddish. Filaments yellow. This is the largest species
of the whole section.
Var. ft, fiamda (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 29.) stems firm,
branched ; flowers scattered, yellowish, large ; anthers purple.
If.. H. Native of the Pyrenees. S. aquatica, var. Lapeyr. fl.
pyr. p. 53. t. 29. Sternb. var. ft and S, rev. sax. p. 48.
t. 19. f. 2.
Var. y, secunda (Ser. 1. c.) flowers secund. If. . H. Native
of the Pyrenees. S. aquatica, var. y, Lapeyr. fl. pyr. p. 53.
Sternb. rev. sax. p. 48. var. y.
Var. S, coronata (Ser. 1. c.) peduncles lateral ; stems leafy at
the apex. If. . H. Native of Corsica. S. adscendens y, D. C.
fl. fr. 4. p. 370.
Far. e, glomerata (Ser. 1. c.) flowers nearly sessile, sub-capi-
tate, yellow ; stems humble and weak. S. aquatica ft, Lapeyr.
fl. pyr. p. 52.
Ascending Saxifrage. Fl. May. Clt. 1752. PI. 1 foot.
160 S. CUNEA'TA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 658.) glabrous ; lower
leaves on long petioles, cuneated, 5-lobed: upper ones nearly
sessile, lanceolate, undivided ; stems ascending, panicled ; caly-
cine segments ovate, acute ; petals oblong. If. . H. Native of
Spain, on the mountains near Castellfort. S. cuneifolia, Cav.
icon. 3. p. 25. t. 248. but not of Lin. Lobaria cuneifolia, Haw.
enum. sax. p. 19. Stems many, ascending. Lobes of leaves
acute. Flowers panicled, white. Peduncles elongated, 1-
flowered, smoothish.
Cuneate-]ea\ed Saxifrage. PI. -| to -j foot.
161 S. GLOBULI'FERA (Desf. atl. 2. p. 342. t. 96. f. 1.) plant
gemmiferous ; surculi short ; leaves of the surculi 5-cleft or
trifid, and sometimes simple, lanceolate, acute, and awned ;
flowers panicled ; calycine segments oval-oblong, obtuse ; petals
obovate. %. H. Native on the top of Mount Atlas. Plant
tufted. Stems erect, filiform, glabrous, furnished with a few
leaves. Segments of divided leaves lanceolate. Petioles cili-
ated. Axils of leaves furnished with globular buds, which are
pedunculate, and formed of simple, ciliated, imbricated leaves ;
these buds shoot out into surculi for the following year. Flowers
white, one half smaller than those of S. hypnoides, 5-7, dis-
posed in a panicle. Pedicels and calyxes clothed with clammy
down. Nerves of petals simple.
Var. ft, Gibraltdrica (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 31.) leaves
much smaller : lobes short, ovate, acutish ; buds in the axils
of the leaves smaller, oblong, acutish ; stems few-flowered.
11 . H. Native of Gibraltar. Styles not exceeding the calyx
at maturity.
Globule-bearing Saxifrage. PI. \ foot.
162 S. HYPNOIDES (Lin. spec. p. 579.) plant gemmiferous ;
surculi very long, procumbent ; radical leaves 5 or 3-parted ;
surculine leaves simple, linear, stiff", ciliated, mucronately awned;
calycine segments triangularly ovate, awned ; petals roundish-
obovate. If. H. Native of the Alps of Switzerland, Austria,
Pyrenees. In Britain, in the north of England, Scotland,
and North Wales, on high rocky mountains ; as well as on
limestone rocks, walls, and roofs in less elevated situations, abun-
dantly. Fl. dan. t. 348. Vill. dauph. 4. p. 674. t. 45. Lapeyr.
SAXIFRAGACE^l. I. SAXIFRAOA.
225
pyr. sax. p. 57. t. 32. Smith, FIG. 46.
engl. hot. t. 454. S. elongella,
platip£tala, densa, curvata, densi-
folia, Selileich. cat. 1821. Herb
densely tufted before flowering,
quite glabrous, but afterwards
becoming loose, surculose, and
villous. Surculi reddish as well
as stems, which are erect, shin-
ing, brittle, and 2-4-flowered.
Surculine leaves furnished with
ovate, acute buds in the axils.
Cauline leaves few, linear-lan-
ceolate, undivided. Peduncles
elongated, 1 -flowered, clothed
with viscid down as well as the
calyxes. Petals white, triple-nerved, rose-coloured on the out-
side at the apex ; nerves simple.
Var. ft, viscosa (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 447.) plant
softer and looser ; flowers larger. If. . H. Native of the Alps
of Scotland. S. viscosa, Hortul.
Far. y, angustifolia (D. Don, 1. c.) surculi ascending ; leaves
longer. If.. H. Native of the Alps of Scotland. S. angusti-
folia, Hortul. S. hypnoides S, Aitoni, Haw. enum. sax. p.
332. S. Sponhemica, Gmel. fl. bad. 2. p. 224. ?
Far. S, muscbsa (D. Don, 1. c.) plant one half smaller and
slenderer ; segments of leaves smaller ; flowers smaller. If. . H.
Native of the Alps of Scotland.
Far. t, pulchella (D. Don, 1. c.) plant more robust ; surculi
thicker and stiffer, and more rigid ; buds obtuse, more crowded ;
surculine leaves broader, with a furrow on the upper surface.
1£. H. Native of the Alps of Scotland.
Far. £, spatulata (Haw. enum. sax. p. 33.) leaves of the sur-
culi spatulate, hardly acuminated, somewhat tridentate ; stem
few-flowered. If. . H. Native of Switzerland. S. spatulata,
Haw. misc. nat. p. 165. Schleich. cat. 1821. but not of Desf.
S. crateriformis, hort. oxf. ex Schleich. cat. 1821. S. dubia,
Schleich. cat. 1821.
Hypnum-like Saxifrage. Fl. April, in Britain. PI. \ to -J ft.
163 S. CONDENSA'TA (Gmel. fl. bad. 2. p. 226. t. 3.) surculi
procumbent, short ; radical leaves 5-parted : surculine ones
trifid : segments linear, glabrous, awned; calycine segments
triangularly ovate, acute, mutic. l/.H. Native of Sponhemia,
among rocks, and on the Alps of Scotland ; also of Kotzebue's
Sound, if S. ccespilosa, Cham, in litt. be the same. S. densa
and S. lae vis, Hortul. S. palmata, Lejeune, fl. spa. 1. p. 194.
S. Gmelini, Host. fl. aust. 1. p. 512. S. flavescens, Sternb. rev.
sax. suppl. p. 13. t. 9. f. 2.? S. lae'vis, trifida, rupestris, and
congesta, Schleich. cat. 1821. Plant quite glabrous, shining,
of a beautiful green, densely tufted before flowering, but after-
wards loose and surculose. Surculi procumbent, without buds.
Stems numerous, nearly naked, glabrous, 2-3-flowered. Pe-
duncles glabrous, 1-flowered, curved when the flowers are in
the bud. Calyx rather downy. Petals white, triple-nerved,
rose-coloured on the outside at the apex ; nerves simple.
Condensed Saxifrage. Fl. May, Ju. Scotland. PI. ^ foot.
164 S. ELONGE'LLA (Smith, in Lin. soc. trans. 10. p. 340.
engl. bot. 2277. exclusive of the synonyme of Donn, cant.)
surculi short, erect; radical leaves 5-cleft or trifid; surculine
leaves for the most part tridentate : teeth mucronate ; calycine
segments ovate, awnless ; petals obovate. If. H. Native of
Scotland, on humid rocks near Lintrathen, in Angusshire. S.
hypnoides a, elongella, Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 30. Herb
quite glabrous, and densely tufted before flowering, but after-
wards becoming loose and rather villous. Stems erect, nearly
naked, 2-3-flowered, smoothish. Petioles slender, dilated. Pe-
VOL. III.
duncles very long, 1-flowered, beset with glanduliferous hnirs.
Petals white, triple-nerved ; lateral nerves curved, branched :
middle one simple, straight.
ZongtsA-stalked Saxifrage. Fl. Apr. May. Scot. PL ^ ft.
165 S. LEPTOPHY'LLA (Pers. syn. 1. p. 490.) surculi procum-
bent, very long, slender ; radical leaves 5-parted : surculine
ones 3-parted or undivided : segments linear-lanceolate, very
acute, divaricate ; calycine segments oblong-ovate ; petals spa-
tulate, quite entire. % . H. Native of the Alps of Switzer-
land, and on the mountains of Wales. S. retroflexa, Hortul.
Plant quite glabrous, and densely tufted before flowering, but
afterwards loose, diffuse, and surculose, and beset with viscid
villi. Stems numerous, flexuous, smoothish, shining, many-
flowered. Leaves without any buds in the axils. Segments of
leaves awned. Flowers drooping, white. Peduncles elongated,
and are as well as the calyxes beset with glandular pili. Caly-
cine segments ending in a reflexed mucrone each. Petals triple-
nerved, with the nerves simple.
Far. /3, angustifida (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 450.) plant
slenderer ; segments of leaves narrower. "% . H. Native of
Wales, on the mountains.
Slender-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, Ju. Wales. PI. -j ft.
166 S. UETEVIRENS (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 451.)
surculi procumbent, elongated ; leaves 5 or 3-parted : segments
linear, acute ; calycine segments lanceolate, mucronate ; petals
spatulate, emarginate. I/. H. Native of the Alps of Scot-
land, on the loftiest rocks, in moist situations, in Angusshire and
Aberdeenshire, and on the hills to the north of Loch Lomond.
Herb pale green, densely tufted before flowering, and quite
glabrous, but afterwards becoming loose, diffuse, and surculose,
and beset with long scattered villi. Surculi destitute of buds in
the axils of the leaves. Stems erect, few-leaved, usually 3-
flowered, rarely 1-flowered. Radical leaves 5-parted : surculine
ones 3-parted : lower cauline ones 5-parted : upper caulineones
undivided, lanceolate, and acuminated. Flowers campanulate,
white, drooping while in the bud. Petals triple-nerved ; nerves
simple, green.
Pale green Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Scotl. PI. J foot.
§ 3. Annual or biennial plants, without surculi. Roots
fibrous. Petals usually emarginate.
167 S. ARACHNOIDEA (Sternb. rev. sax. p. 23. t. 15. and in
Sturm, deutschl. fl. 35. no. 7. with a figure) stems weak, diffuse,
much branched, very pilose ; leaves very thin, somewhat cune-
ated, obovate, 3-5-notched ; flowers on long peduncles : pedun-
cles divaricate ; lobes of calyx ovate-lanceolate, shorter than the
tube, which is rather villous ; petals ovate, entire, hardly ex-
ceeding the calyx; styles much shorter than the calyx, parallel.
y.. (Sternb.) O- (Ser.) H. Native of Tyrol, in shady rocky
places. Moretti, sax. p. 28. Lobaria arachnoidea, Haw. enum.
sax. p. 20. Flowers white.
Cobnebbed Saxifrage. Fl. April, June. Clt. ? PI. A to \ ft.
168 S. PETR.JE'A (Lin. spec. p. 578.) radical leaves palmately
5-lobed : cauline ones tripartite and cut ; peduncles very long,
1 -flowered ; calycine segments linear, acute ; petals obovate,
truncate at the apex and emarginate, twice the length of the
calyx. O- H. Native on Mount Baldo, among broken rocks,
and of the Alps of Carinthia ; also of North America, in alpine
rivulets on the Rocky Mountains. Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 1. p.
200. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 81. S. geranioides, Host, syn. 231.
S. rupestris, Willd. spec. 2. p. 653. S. Ponse, Sternb. sax. p.
47. t. 18. and t. 11. f. 6. and in Sturm, deutschl. fl. p. 35. fig.
16. S. alba petrae'a, Pona, itin. p. 183. S. bianca, Calceol. itin.
p. 12.— Pluk. aim. p. 331. t. 222. f. 3.— Moris, hist. 13. p. 379.
sect. 12. t. 9. f. 28. S. petrse'a a, /3, and y, Ser. in D. C. prod.
4. p. 34. Tridactylites petraj'a, Haw. enum. sax. p. 22. Plane
Gg
226
SAXIFRAGACEjE. I. SAXIFRAGA. II. ERIOGYNIA. III. LEPTARRHENA.
diffusely branched, furnished with glanduliferous hairs. Stems
erect, branched at the base ; brandies elongated, fastigiate.
Radical leaves on long petioles, somewhat reniform at the base ;
lobes obtuse ; cauline leaves all petiolate : upper cauline leaves
undivided, acute at both ends : lower cauline ones tripartite ;
lobes acute. Peduncles and calyxes clothed with viscid down.
Flowers white, much larger than those of S. tridactylites. Petals
triple nerved ; nerves simple.
Rock Saxifrage. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1752. PI. \ to| ft.
169 S. TRIDACTYLITES (Lin. spec. 578.) primordial leaves
entire, and spatulate : cauline ones quinquefid or trifid ; calyx
urn-formed : with very short, obtuse segments ; petals obovate,
truncate at the apex. Q. H. Native of Europe, in dry sandy
places, and on walls and roofs of houses ; plentiful in Britain.
Curt. lond. fasc. 2. t. 28. Smith, engl. bot. t. 501. Sternb.
sax. p. 44. t. 17. and in Sturm, deutschl. fl. 33. no. 15. S.
annua, Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 53. Tridactylites annua, Haw. enum.
sax. p. 21. — Moris, hist. 3. p. 478. sect. 12. t. 9. f. 31. Stems
erect, branched, flexuous, many-flowered, furnished with short
glanduliferous hairs. Radical leaves crowded. Petioles ciliated
with glands. Peduncles and calyxes clothed with viscid down.
Flowers small, white ; petals with 3 simple nerves.
Var. ft, exllis (Gaudin, fl. helv. 3. p. 116.) leaves all oblong-
spatulate; stem simple, few-flowered. O-H. Native of Swit-
zerland, Italy, France, &c. S. exilis, Poll, veron. 2. p. 31.
Three-fngered-leaveA or Wall Saxifrage. Fl. April, May.
Britain. PI. | to | foot.
170 S. CONTRAVE'RSA (Sternb. sax. p. 43. t. 16.) plant beset
with glanduliferous viscid hairs ; radical leaves crowded, 3-5-
toothed, or sometimes nearly entire ; calycine lobes ovate,
shorter than the tube at maturity ; petals obcordate, larger than
the calyx ; styles much divaricate, longer than the calyx. O-
H. Native of the Alps of Lapland, Norway, Savoy, Carinthia,
Piedmont, Dauphiny, Carpathian Mountains, and the Pyrenees.
S. tridactylites ft, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 404. S. adscendens, Lin.
spec. p. 579. mant. p. 884. All. pedem. p. 1537. t. 22. f. 3.
Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 1. p. 197. t. 11-12. f. 1-2. S. petrsea,
Gunn. norv. p. 427. t. 9. f. 1-3. exclusive of the syn. and
descript. of Lin. Fl. dan. t. 680. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 370. S.
hypnoides, Scop. earn. 499. t. 16. Gaudin, fl. helv. 3. p. 117.
S. Scopolii, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 673. S. petrae'a integrifolia,
Gaudin, in Meisn. anz. 1818. p. 67. fl. helv. 3. p. 117. var. ft.
S. contraversa a and ft, Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 34. S. tridac-
tylites ft, alpicola, D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 441. Tridac-
tylites petraeva, Haw. enum. sax. p. 22. Flowers corymbose,
white, twice the size of those of S. tridactylites. The plant is
much larger than S. tridactylites ; the radical leaves more
crowded : the cauline ones more numerous, and for the most
part 5-toothed.
Var. ft, liltoralis (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 34.) plant small,
very leafy ; leaves usually quinquefid; petals entire. O- H.
In humid places on the banks of Lake Leman, S. petrae a lit-
toralis S, Gaudin. fl. helv. 3. p. 117.
Var. y, Bellardiana (Ser. 1. c.) flowers usually twin, nearly
sessile, in the heart of the crenulated leaves. Q. H. S. pe-
trae'a, Bellardi, Gaudin. in Meisn. anz. 1818. p. 67. fl. helv. 3.
p. 118. S. Bellardi, All. pedem. no. 1356. t. 88. f. 1. Sternb.
rev. sax. p. 20.
Contrary-turned Saxifrage. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1800. Pl.|ft.
Cult. Saxifraga is a most extensive genus of pretty alpine
plants, the greater part of which are well adapted for rockwork,
or to be grown on the sides of naked banks to hide the surface.
Many of the more rare and tender kinds require to be grown in
pots, in light sandy soil, and placed among other alpine plants,
so that they may be protected by a frame in winter. The species
belonging to sections Micrdnlhes and Hirculus grow best in a
peat soil, which should be kept rather moist. The species be-
longing to the section Porphyreon are so very pretty little plants
as to be worth growing in pots for ornament, being clothed with
elegant little red flowers early in spring : a mixture of peat and
sand suits them well. S. sarmentosa does best in a greenhouse.
All the species are easily increased by dividing. S. ligulata,
cordifblia, and crassifolia are strong growing plants, well fitted
for ornamenting flower-borders.
II. ERIOGY'NIA (from tpiov, erion, wool, and yvvri, gyne,
a female ; in reference to the ovaries being woolly). Hook, in
fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 255. t. 88.
LIN. SYST. Icosandria, Tetra-Hexagynia. Calyx turbinate,
5-cleft. Petals 5, hardly unguiculate. Stamens 20, inserted in
the mouth of the tube, monadelphous at the base ; anthers 2-
celled, roundish. Ovaries 4-6, distinct from the calyx, and from
each other, but connected by dense wool. Styles elongated,
deciduous, filiform. Carpels 4-6, distinct, oblong, acute, re-
curved at the apex, opening lengthwise inside. Seeds dust-
formed, pendulous, inserted towards the tops of the valves at
the margins. Albumen wanting. — A perennial herb, native of
North America, with the habit almost of Saxifraga cerato-
phylla ; stoloniferous. Leaves very stiff, coriaceous, 1-nerved,
quite glabrous, trifid ; segments trifid or quadrifid : lobules
linear. Flowers white, disposed in racemes, for the most part
bracteate ; pedicels 1 -flowered.
1 E. PECTINA'TA (Hook. 1. c.). l£.II. Native of Behring's
Straits ; height of land upon the Rocky Mountains, on the west
side, near the sources of the Columbia. Saxifraga pectinata,
Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 312. Sterile stems tufted, decum-
bent, stiff1, stoloniferous. Lower leaves rosulate, with 3 trifid
segments : lower cauline ones with 3 bifid segments : upper
cauline ones or bracteas trifid.
Pectinated-leaved Eriogynia. PI. ^ foot.
Cult. This is a beautiful alpine plant. It should be grown
in pots, in a mixture of peat and sand ; and will be easily in- .
creased by dividing, or by cuttings.
III. LEPTARRHE'NA (from \tirroe, leptos, slender, and
apprjv, arrhen, strong ; plant strong and slender). R. Br. in
chlam. melv. p. 15. append, to Parry's 1st voy. p. 273. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 48. Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 256. t. 89.
LIN. SYST. Decandria, Digynia. Calyx campanulate, short,
5-cleft (f. 47. a.), with a broad tube. Stamens 10, inserted in
the throat of the tube; anthers 1 -celled (f. 47. c.), 2-valved.
Petals 5 (f. 47. fc.), linear, Ovaries 2 (f. 47. e.}, free, tapering
into the styles, which are permanent. Stigmas obtuse. Carpella
2, opening lengthwise on the inside (f. 47. d.). Seeds scobiform,
erect, inserted in the margins of the valves. — Herbs with a habit
between Pyrola and those species
of Saxifraga belonging to section
Micrdnlhes; inhabitants of cold
places of North America. Scapes
naked. Flowers disposed in ra-
cemose panicles. Leaves coria-
ceous, permanent, entire, coarsely
serrated ; petioles broad and
sheathing.
1 L. PYROLIFOLIA (R. Br. in
Parry's 1st voy. append, p. 273.
Hook. I.e.). l/.H. Native of
the Island of Unalaschka, Beh-
riiii;'s Straits, height of land on
the west side of the Rocky Moun-
tains, in lat. 52°. L. amplexi-
FIG. 47.
SAXIFRAGACE^:. III. LEPTARRHENA. IV. CHRYSOSPIENIUM. V. MITELLA.
227
FIG. 48.
folia, Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 48. Saxifraga pyrolifdlia, D.
Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 389. Saxifraga amplexifolia, Sternb.
rev. sax. suppl. p. 2. t. 2. Saxifraga micrantha and S. coriacea,
Fisch. mss. Root rather fusiform, fibrous. Sterns ascending,
simple, or branched at the base, leafy. Leaves elliptic, green
and shining above but pale beneath ; petioles channelled, a little
ciliated. Scape a span to a foot high, furnished each with 2
oblong, obtuse scales, pubescent above. Racemes compound,
somewhat corymbosely panicled. Flowers small, inconspicuous.
Pyrola-leaved Leptarrhena. PI. -| to 1 foot.
Cult. See Eriogynia above for culture and propagation.
IV. CHRYSOSPLENIUM (from xp<"">f. chrysos, gold, and
aTt\riv, splen, the spleen ; in reference to the golden colour of
the flowers, and the supposed virtue of the plant in diseases of
the spleen). Tourn. inst. t. 60. Lin. gen. 558. Gaertn. fruct.
1. p. 208. t. 44. f. 7. D. C.prod. 4. p. 48.
LIN. SYST. Octo-Decdndria, Digynia. Tube of calyx ad-
hering to the ovarium ; limb 4-5-lobed (f. 48. a.) : lobes obtuse.
Stamens 8-10, alternating with the sepals, and opposite them.
Styles 2. Capsule birostrate (f. 48. c. d.\ ,2-valved, at length
1 -celled, many-seeded. Seeds very smooth, inserted towards
the bottom of the capsule. — Perennial herbs. Leaves thickish,
simple, petiolate, toothed. Flowers somewhat corymbose, yellow.
1 C. ALTERNiFOLiUM(Lin. spec.
569.) leaves alternate, reniformly
cordate, crenately lobed ; flowers
corymbose, dichotomous. 1£. H.
Native of Europe, in moist shady
places, and by the borders of
shady rivulets, in Siberia and
North America ; in the woody
and principally the barren coun-
try of British North America; to
the extreme Arctic Islands, and
on the Rocky Mountains ; also in
Kotzebue's Sound. In many
parts of the north of England,
but not so common as C. oppo-
sitif olium, as in Yorkshire, Port-
land Heath, near Norwich, in
Worcestershire ; and in lowlands of Scotland. Smith, engl.
bot. t. 54. Fl. dan. t. 366. — Moris, hist. p. 477. sect. 12. t.
8. f. 8. Stems usually 3-cornered. Flowers yellow. Roots
having offsets, but not creeping.
Far. /3, Sibiricum (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 48.) stems and
leaves smaller, y. . H. Native of Siberia, about the Baical,
and of Dahuria. C. Sibiricum, Steph.? ex Fisch. in litt.
Alternate-leaved Golden Saxifrage. Fl. April, May. Brit.
PL -£ foot.
2 C. OVALIF6L1UM (Bieb. herb, ex Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 404.
fl. alt. 2. p. 11 5.) stems with many scattered leaves ; leaves ovate-
orbicular or elliptic, tapering into the petiole, crenately serrated
or entire ; corymb dichotomous, loose. I/. H. Native of the
Altaian region. Root creeping. Stem pilose below. Flowers
yellow, solitary in the forks of the corymb.
Oval-leaved Golden Saxifrage. FL April, May. PI. -j foot.
3 C. OPPOSITIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. p. 569.) floriferous stems
erect ; leaves opposite, reniformly sub-cuneated, crenated ;
flowers corymbose. 7/ . H. Native of Europe and America,
in moist shady places, and by the sides of rivulets. In Britain,
in many places, in like situations. Curt. lond. 2. t. 27. Smith,
engl. bot. 490. Gsertn. fruct. 1. t. 44. f. 7. Oed. fl. dan. t.
365. Root creeping. Stems quadrangular. Flowers yellow.
Far. ft, Scouleri (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 242.) leaves pro-
foundly crenately serrated, y.. H. Native of the north-west
coast of America, on the banks of the Columbia river.
Opposite-leaved Golden Saxifrage. Fl. Apr. May. Brit. PI Jft.
4 C. AMERICA'NUM (Schweinitz, mss. Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1.
p. 242.) stems slender, decumbent, loose, dichotomous at the
apex ; leaves opposite, roundish-cordate, obscurely and crenately
lobed ; flowers axillary, distant. 2/ . H. Native of Canada,
Lake Huron, Saskatchawan, and other parts of North America.
C. oppositif olium, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 269. and other
American botanists. Flowering branches never forming co-
rymbs, but lengthened out and bearing distant small leaves and
solitary flowers in the axils.
American Golden Saxifrage. Fl. April, May. Clt. ? PI. pr.
5 C. DU'BIUM (Gay, ex Gaud, in herb. D. C. and prod. 4. p.
48.) leaves opposite, ovate, bluntly serrated. I/ . H. Native
of Calabria. Flowers yellow.
Doubtful Golden Saxifrage. Fl. April. PI. ± foot.
6 C. NIPAULE'NSE (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 210.) leaves
opposite, orbicularly subcordate, crenately serrated, glabrous.
I/. H. Native of the Alps of Nipaul. Very nearly allied to
C. oppositif olium, but differs in the leaves being more reniform,
less manifestly crenated, and in the seeds being opaque, not
shining. Leaves like those of Betula nana, but membranous.
Flowers yellow.
Nipaul Golden Saxifrage. Fl. Apr. Ma. Clt. 1820. PL Jft.
7 C. NUDICAU'LE (Bunge, in Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 405.) cau-
line leaves wanting : radical ones reniformly orbicular, and are
as well as the floral ones, which are reniform, petiolate, and
deeply lobed ; flowers densely glomerate. 2£. H. Native of
Altaia, near springs at the foot of the Alps, about Chasin, near
Tschetchulicha, at the river Tscharysch. Root creeping, fur-
nished with thick brown fibres. Plant quite glabrous, except
sometimes on the under side of the leaves. Flowers greenish,
much larger than those of C. alternif olium.
Naked-stemmed Golden Saxifrage. PI. -| to \ foot.
8 C. KAMTSCHA'TICUM (Fisch. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 48.)
stems erect, nearly naked, 2-leaved, the rest crowded near the
flowers, cuneate, obtuse, somewhat crenated, glabrous. !£. H.
Native of Kamtschatka.
Kamtschatka Golden Saxifrage. PL \ foot.
Cult. A moist shaded situation is the best for the species of
Chrysosplenium, as under the shade of trees or bushes, or behind
a north wall ; and they thrive best in peat soil. Easily propa-
gated by dividing.
V. MITE'LLA (a diminutive of mitra, a mitre ; the form of
the fruit being somewhat like a mitre). Tourn. inst. 126. Lin.
gen. 561. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 208. t. 44. f. 6. Lam. ill. t. 373.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 49.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Digynia. Calyx campanulate, 5-
lobed, rather adnate to the base of the ovarium. Petals 5, in-
serted in the calyx, jagged or toothed, longer than the calyx.
Stamens 10. Styles 2, short, joined together in one ; stigmas
hardly distinct. Capsule 1 -celled, 2-valved, adhering to the
base of the calyx a little way. Seeds numerous, erect, in the
bottom of the capsule. — Perennial herbs. Leaves petiolate,
cordate, mostly radical. Flowers on short pedicels, disposed in
loose terminal racemes, white or red.
1 M. DIPHY'LIA (Lin. spec. p. 580.) radical leaves cordate,
somewhat 3 or 5-lobed, dentately serrated, on long petioles;
cauline leaves 2, opposite, smaller, and nearly sessile ; capsule
joined with the calyx only at the base ; petals pinnatifidly fringed.
1i. H. Native of North America, in the United States"; and
Canada, about Quebec, Lake Huron, &c. Lam. ill. t. 373. f. 1.
Gartn.. fruct. 1. t. 44. f. 6. Schkuhr, handb. t. 120. Ker.
bot. reg. t. 166. — Mentz. pug. t. 10. Flowers white.
Gg2
228
SAXIFRAGACE^E. V. MITELLA. VI. TEILIMA. VII. DRCMMONDIA. VIII. TIARELLA.
Two-leaved Mitella. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1731. Pl.fto j ft.
2 M. NUVDA (Lin. spec. 580.) plant usually stoloniferous ;
radical leaves reniformly cordate, thin, bluntly lobed, crenated,
and somewhat ciliated ; scapes slender, leafless ; calyx spread-
ing : petals pectinately jagged ; ovarium joined to the calyx
only at the very base. I/ . H. Native of Canada, from Lake
Huron to the Arctic Sea ; and from Hudson's Bay to the Rocky
Mountains ; and of Siberia, at the river Lena. M. reniformis,
Lam. ill. t. 373. f. 2. M. cordifolia, Lam. diet. 4. p. 196. ill.
t. 373. f. 3. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 270. M. prostrata,
Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 270.— Gmel. sib. 4. t. 68. f. 2.
Flowers white. The plant here characterised is the acknow-
ledged M. cordifolia of all American botanists. A comparison
of it with the figure of Gmelin will show that it is the same with
his species, and consequently the M. nuda, Lin., and among the
numerous specimens gathered by travellers in North America,
many throw out runners, which again bearing leaves and scapes,
the plant becomes the M. prostrata of Michx.
Naked-stemmed Mitella. Fl. Apr. Ju. Clt. 1758. PI. | to | ft.
3 M. TRI'FIDA (Graham, in edlnb. phil. journ. June, 1829.
Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 241. t. 82.) radical leaves cordate,
bluntly lobed, crenated ; scapes leafless ; flowers pentandrous ;
calyx campanulate, with a spreading limb ; petals trifid ; ovary
adhering to the calyx only at the base. I/. H. Native of
Nortli America, in alpine rivulets north of the Smoking River,
on the east side of the Rocky Mountains, in lat. 56°, but rare.
Plentiful in woody situations, on the low ridge of the Blue
Mountains of Lewis and Clark's River, west of the Rocky
Mountains, in lat. 46°. M. parviflora, Dougl. mss. Flowers
white. This species has the petals similar to those of Tellima
parviflora. Differs from the rest of the species in the petals
being trifid, and in the stamens being only 5 instead of 10, op-
posite the lobes of the calyx. Perhaps a species of Drum-
mondia.
7Vj/M-petalled Mitella. Fl. May. Clt. 1829. PI. \ to 1 ft.
Cult. The species of Mitella are pretty plants, well suited
for the front of flower-borders, or to grow on rockwork. They
are readily increased by dividing. Any light soil suits them,
although they grow most luxuriant in a peat soil.
VI. TE'LLIMA (an anagram of Mitella ; separated from it).
R. Br. in Frankl. narr. journ. p. 766. verm, schrift. 1. p. 545.
Dougl. in bot. reg. 1178. Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 239. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 49.
LIN. SYST. Decandria, Digynia. Calyx adnate to the ova-
rium at the very base, having the free part inflated, ovate, and
5-toothed (f. 49. 6.), and the adhering part conical. Petals 5
(f. 49. c.), inserted in the calyx, jagged. Stamens 10 (f. 49. a.).
Styles 2-3, distinct from the base : stigmas subcapitate, angular.
Capsule adnate to the calyx at the base : the other half supe-
rior and furnished with the permanent flower, 1 -celled, 2-valved
at the apex ; placentas parietal, many seeded (f. 49./.). This is
an intermediate genus between Heuchera and Vahlia ; it differs
from Mitella in the styles being distinct, and the different habit.
Perennial herbs. Leaves all radical, roundish, cordate, bluntly
lobed, in T. parviflora compound, toothed, and hispid. Flowers
of a dirty red-colour, rather large, disposed in racemose spikes.
1 T. GRANDIFLORA (Dougl. in bot. reg. t. 1178.) leaves cor-
date, lobed, dentately serrated ; racemes elongated ; petals ob-
long-linear, pinnatifidly jagged ; styles 2. Tf.. H. Native of
the north-west coast of America, in shady pine woods, near
springs along the shore. Mitella grandiflora, Pursh. fl. amer.
sept. 1. p. 314. This is a fine plant, with leaves as large as
those of Malva rotundifolia. Flowers reddish. Stem and pe-
tioles generally thickly clothed with fulvous hairs.
Great-flowered Tellima. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 ft.
FIG. 49.
2 T. PARV1FLORA (Hook. fl.
bor. amer. 1. p. 239. t. 78. A.)
plant scabrous from hairs ; leaves
ternate ; leaflets deeply pinnati-
fid; racemes short; petals un-
guiculate, trifid; styles 3. TJ..
H. Native of North California.
Abundant in light gravelly soils,
under the shade of sappling pines,
near Fort Vancouver ; plentiful
in low hills at the grand rapids of
the Columbia ; and also at Spo-
kan river. Root small, rather
fusiform, more or less fibrous,
and bearing tubers ; tubers gran-
ular. Racemes terminal, curved.
Flowers middle-sized, red. This
is a curious and distinct plant,
with something of the habit of slender specimens of Saxifraga
granulata.
Small-flowered Tellima. PL 1 foot.
Cult. See Mitella, p. 227. for culture and propagation.
VII. DRUMMO'NDIA (named after Thomas Drummond,
who accompanied Capt. Franklin and Dr. Richardson in their
last journey in North America). D.C. prod. 4. p. 49. — Mitella
species, Graham.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Calyx with an obconical
tube (f. 50. 6.), adhering to the capsule a considerable way : limb
5-cleft : lobes triangular, valvate in aestivation (f. 50. a.), and
at length reflexed. Petals 5, pectinately pinnatifid (f. 50. c.),
alternating with the calycine lobes. Stamens 5, in front of the
claws of the petals, nearly sessile. Stigmas 2, spreading, 2-lobed.
Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved at the apex, bursting long before the
seeds are mature (f. 50. d.). Seeds numerous, disposed along
2 opposite placentas. — An herb, with a habit between Mitella
and Heuchera. It differs from Milella in the capsule adhering a
greater length to the calyx, in the stamens being 5, not 10, and
in the stigmas being spreading, not erect, arid 2-lobed, not en-
tire ; and from Heuchera in the calycine lobes being valvate, not
imbricate in aestivation.
1 D. MITELLO1DES (D. C. 1. C.)
I/ . H. Native of North Ame-
rica, in moist alpine woods on
the Rocky Mountains. Mitella
pentandra, Graham, in edinb.
phil. journ. July, 1829. Hook, in
bot. mag. t. 2933. Radical leaves
on long petioles, cordate, bluntly
lobed. Scape leafless. Flowers
yellowish, (f. 50.)
Mitella-like Drummondia. Fl.
May, June. Clt. 1827. PI. i foot.
Cult. For culture and propa-
gation see Mitella, p. 228.
VIII. TIARE'LLA (a diminutive of tiara, a Persian diadem;
in reference to the shape of the capsules). Lin. gen. no. 765.
Juss. gen. p. 309. Lam. ill. t. 373. D. C. prod. 4. p. 50.
LIN. SYST. Decandria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted, permanent,
adhering at the base to the ovarium : lobes obtuse. Petals 5,
unguiculate, entire, inserted in the calyx, and alternating with the
calycine lobes. Stamens 10. Styles 2, distinct. Ovarium 2-
celled. Capsule 1-celled, adnate to the calyx at the base, mem-
FIG. 50.
SAXIFRAGACE^E. VIII. TIARELLA. IX. ASTILBE. X. HEUCHERA.
229
branous, 2-valved ; valves unequal, opening between the styles
(one of the valves or carpels usually abortive). Seeds fixed to
the bottom of the capsule, along the margins of the carpels or
valves. — Perennial herbs, with the habit of Milella. Stems
erect, naked, or few-leaved. Leaves for the most part radical,
petiolate. Racemes terminal, simple ; flowers distant, pedicel-
late : pedicels incurvedly pendulous when bearing the fruit. A
very heterogeneous genus, which may probably be hereafter
divided.
§ 1. Leaves simple.
1 T. CORDIFOLIA (Lin. spec. p. .580.) stems leafless; stolons
creeping ; leaves cordate, acute, deeply lobed, serrated : teeth
mucronate; racemes simple. If.H. Native of Canada, about
Montreal; and also of the north of Asia. Sims, bot. mag. 1589.
Lam. ill. t. 373. f. 1. Flowers white. Habit of Milella eft-
phylla.
Cordate-leaved Tiarella. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1731. PI. f ft.
2 T. UNIFOLIA'TA (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 238. t. 81.)
plant smoothish ; stems furnished with one leaf; leaves all pe-
tiolate, triangularly cordate, bluntly toothed : teeth mucronate ;
panicle loose ; flowers drooping ; calyx campanulate ; petals
abortive. If. H. Native of North America, on the height of
land on the Rocky Mountains, near the source of the Columbia,
and at Portage river. Stems rather pubescent above. Leaves
3-5-lobed ; lobes acutely toothed. This species has much the
habit of Heuchera glabra, and is probably a decandrous species
of that genus. The petals, if any exist, must be very fuga-
cious, as none has been seen.
One-leaved Tiarella. PI. 1 foot.
3 T. MENZIE'SII (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 313.) leaves
oval-cordate, acute, toothed : cauline ones alternate, distant ;
racemes filiform, somewhat spicate ; calyx tubular. 3f. H. Na-
tive of the north-west coast of America.
Menxies's Tiarella. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812. PI. 1 foot.
4 T. ALTERNIFOLIA (Fisch. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 59.)
stem leafy ; lower leaves cordate : upper ones truncate at the
base, all having 5-7 short lobes, and these lobes are lobed again,
sharply and coarsely toothed ; lobes of calyx oblong, erect, 3f .
H. Native of the north of Asia, in the island of Sitka. Radical
leaves on long, upper ones on short petioles. Flowers twice the
size of those of T. polyphylla.
Alternate-leaved Tiarella. PL 1 foot.
5 T. POLYFHY'LLA (D. Don, fl. nep. p. 210.) stem furnished
with 3 leaves, beset with glandular hairs ; leaves cordate, 3-5-
lobed, sharply serrated, pilose on both surfaces ; lobes of calyx
lanceolate, mucronate, pressed to the fruit ; racemes loose. }/ .
F. Native of Nipaul. Habit of T. cordifblia or Mitella di-
phylla. Racemes many flowered. Fruit pendulous.
Many-leaded Tiarella. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1820. PL J
to 1 foot.
§ 2. Leaves compound — Bldndia, Neck. elem. 2. p. 115.
6 T. TRIFOLIA'TA (Lin. amoen. acad. 2. p. 351. spec. p. 580.)
stem furnished with 1 or 2 leaves, rarely naked ; leaves all tri-
foliate : leaflets rhomboid-ovate, deeply toothed : teeth mucro-
nate ; panicle loose ; flowers drooping ; calyx small, campanu-
late ; petals obovate, lanceolate. "H., H. Native of the north
of Asia, and the north-west coast of America ; common on the
coast, and on the Rocky Mountains, on the west side of the
ridge. The specimens from the Rocky Mountains are glabrous,
and many of those from the coast, while others are more or less
pubescent. Two panicles are often produced on the same stem.
Trifoliate Tiarella. PL 1 foot.
7 T. LACINIA'TA (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 239. t. 77.) plant
rough and hairy ; stems usually furnished with 3 leaves ; leaves
trifoliate : middle leaflet trifid : lateral ones bifid, all broadly
lanceolate, and pinnatifidly jagged ; panicle loose ; flowers
drooping ; calyx short, campanulate ; petals wanting ? if. . H.
Native of the north-west coast of America. Roots rather hori-
zontal. The petals, if any, must be very fugacious, as none
have been seen.
Jagged-\enved Tiarella. PL ^ to 1 foot.
8 T. STENOPE'TALA (Presl, in reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 45.) stems
1-leaved, and are, as well as the branches, clothed with glandular
pubescence ; radical leaves unknown : cauline one trifoliate :
leaflets glabrous, deeply lobed, mucronately toothed, acute :
lateral leaflets obliquely ovate, middle one acute at the base ;
petals subulate, very narrow ; capsules erect, dotted. I/ . H.
Native of Nootka Sound. Panicle many flowered.
Narron-petalkd Tiarella. PL 1 foot ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Mitella, p. 228.
IX. ASTI'LBE (a. priv. and ortX/fy, stilbe, brightness ; plants
opaque). Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 210. D. C. prod.
4. p. 51.
LIN. SYST. Octo-Decdndria, Digynia. Calyx deeply 4-5-
parted, coloured ; segments oval, obtuse, concave. Petals want-
ing. Stamens 8-10, opposite the calycine lobes ; filaments su-
bulate ; anthers spherical, 2-celled. Styles 2 ; stigmas 2, trun-
cate, pruinose. Capsule superior, birostrate, many seeded. —
Perennial robust pilose herbs, with the appearance of Spirce'a
Aruncus, inhabiting the banks of rivulets. Leaves large, biter-
nate ; leaflets coarsely serrated ; petioles much dilated at the
base. Flowers small, of a greenish yellow-colour, in spicate
racemes, which are disposed in panicles.
1 A. RIVULA'RIS (Hamilt. 1. c.) flowers 4-cleft, octandrous ;
leaves biternate ; leaflets ovate, doubly serrated, villous beneath,
and on the petioles. If. H. Native of Nipaul, at Narainhetty.
Bracteas usually jagged at the apex.
Rivulet Astilbe. PL 3 feet.
2 A. DECA'NDRA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 211.) flowers 5-
cleft, decandrous ; leaves biternate ; leaflets cordate, deeply
lobed and serrated, beset with glandular pili beneath, and on the
petioles. 2£ . H. Native of North America. Tiarella biter-
nata, Vent. malm. t. 54. The petals are said to be 5, and
linear, in this plant, not as in the first species wanting. Leaflets
ovate, broadly and bluntly serrated.
Decandrous Astilbe. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. PL 2 to 3 ft.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Heuchera, p. 231.
§ 2. Stamens equal in number to the petals, or sometimes
fewer, alternating with the petals.
X. HEUCHE'RA (in honour of John Henry de Heucher,
once professor of medicine at Witterberg ; author of Hortus
VVitterbergensis, 1711-1713.). Lin. gen. p. 320. Gasrtn. fruct. 1.
p. 177. t. 36. f. 2. Lam. ill. t. 184. f. 3. D. C. prod. 4. p. 51.
Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 235.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx permanent, 5-cleft
(f. 51. 6.), imbricate in aestivation. Petals undivided (f. 51. a.),
nearly equal. Stamens 5. Styles 2 (f. 5 1 . e.), very long, dis-
tinct, length of stamens : when young approximate and almost
concrete, but afterwards diverging. Capsule crowned by the
dry calyx, and adnate to it at the base, opening between the
styles (f. 51. rf.), 1-celled; placentas 2, adnate, many seeded.
Seeds rough from dots or wrinkled. — Herbs. Leaves mostly
radical, palmately lobed, toothed. Stems mostly leafless. Flowers
panicled or racemose.
1 H. AMERICA'NA (Lin. spec. 328.) plant clothed with clammy
pubescence, scapes and leaves roughish ; leaves on long petioles,
somewhat 5-7-lobed, toothed ; thyrse elongated, panicled ; caly-
cine lobes short, obtuse ; petals lanceolate, length of the calyx ;
230
SAXIFRAGACE^:. X. HEUCHERA.
stamens much exserted. If.. H. Native of shady places from
New England to Carolina, in the Illinois region ; New Spain and
Peru. Schkuhr, handb. t. 58. H. viscida, Pursh, fl. amer.
sept. 1. p. 187. H. cortusa, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 171.
There is a variety of this species having 2 of the petals longer
than the rest. Flowers reddish. Perhaps H. renif6rmis and H.
glauc.?, Rafin. med. fl. 1. p. 244. are not distinct from this.
Far. j3, glabriuscula (Schultes, syst. 6. p. 216.) leaves smooth-
ish ; panicle rather crowded.
Far. y,foliosa (Moricand, mss.) scapes furnished with a few
long distant leaves. Native of Peru.
American Heuchera. FL May, July. Clt. 1656. PL \\ foot.
2 H. DIVARICA'TA (Fisch. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 51.)
scapes naked, glabrous ; leaves glabrous, somewhat 5-lobed :
lobes toothed : teeth mucronate ; branches of panicle divaricate ;
teeth of calyx bluntish ; petals lanceolate, acute. l/.H. Na-
tive of the north of Asia, in the islands of Kadiak and Sitka ;
also in Kamtschatka.
Divaricate Heuchera. PL \^ foot.
3 H. PUBE'SCENS (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 187.) plant
covered with powdery down ; lower part of scape and under
side of leaves glabrous ; leaves somewhat acutely lobed, toothed:
teeth roundish, mucronate ; branches of panicle short, crowded
with flowers ; calyx broad, campanulate ; petals spatulate,
longer than the calyx ; stamens exserted. y.. H. Native from
Pennsylvania to Virginia, on the Blue Mountains. H. pulveru-
lenta, Rafin. med. bot. 1. p. 213. Petals pale red, variegated
with yellow. Flowers larger than in many other species.
Pubescent Heuchera. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1812. PL 1 ft.
4 H. HI'SPIDA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 188.) plant hispid
and scabrous ; scapes, petioles, and under side of leaves gla-
brous ; leaves acutely lobed, toothed, hispid from villi above :
teeth short, rather retuse, mucronate ; branches of panicle few-
flowered ; calyx middle-sized, with acutish lobes ; petals spatu-
late, length of calyx; stamens exserted. If.. H. Native of
Virginia and Carolina, on high mountains. F'lowers reddish.
Hispid Heuchera. FL May, June. Clt. 1826. PL 2 to 3 ft.
5 H. MICRA'NTHA (Dougl. in bot. reg. 1302.) lower part of
scape and petioles beset with long fulvous hairs ; leaves round-
ish-cordate, nearly naked, bluntly lobed, crenate : crense mucro-
nate ; lower bracteas foliaceous, cut : upper ones setaceous ;
panicle loose ; petals linear, one-half shorter than the long ex-
serted stamens. %. H. Native of the north-west coast of
America, on the steep rocky banks of the Columbia, near the
Grand Rapids. Flowers greenish-yellow.
Small-flowered Heuchera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. PL
2 feet.
6 H. VILLOSA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 172.) lower part of
scape and petioles beset with deflexed soft hairs ; leaves cordate,
acutely lobed, mucronately serrated, a little cut, nearly naked
above, but very villous on the nerves beneath ; panicle loose ; pe-
duncles capillary, dichotomous ; bracteas linear, ciliated ; flowers
small ; petals very long, narrow-spatulate, and are, as well as
the stamens, much exserted. 1£.H. Native of Upper Canada,
and on the higher mountains of Virginia and Carolina. The
leaves are very different from those of H. Americana, the
flowers are smaller, and the petals regularly long and narrow,
white.
Villous Heuchera. FL May, July. Clt. 1812. PL 1 foot.
7 H. GLA'BRA (Willd. in Schultes, syst. 6.^ p. 216.) scape
leafy; leaves cordate, acutely lobed, glabrous, unequally and
acutely toothed ; lower stem ones or bracteas toothed ; panicle
loose ; flowers small ; calyx pubescent ; petals linear ; stamens
exserted. Tf. . H. Native of the north-west coast of America ;
Nootka, in the vicinity of the Columbia river ; Rocky Moun-
tains, at Providence and Portage rivers. Hook. fl. bor. amer.
1. p. 236. t. 79. Tiar611a colorans, Graham, in edinb. ne'w.
phil. journ. July, 1829. Petals white. Stipulas adnate, as in
the genus Rosa, but free at the top.
Glabrous Heuchera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. PI. 1 foot.
8 H. CAULE'SCENS (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 188.) plant suf-
fruticose at the base ; lower part of scape and petioles pilose ;
leaves glabrous above, but pilose at the nerves beneath, acutely
lobed, ciliated, toothed : teeth acute, mucronate ; calyx short,
villous ; petals linear, twice the length of the calyx ; stamens ex-
serted. Tf. . H. Native of Carolina, on the mountains, and of
Kamtschatka. Petals white.
Caulescent Heuchera. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1812. PL 1 ft.
9 H. BARBAROSSA (Presl, in reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 56.) plant
suffruticose at the base ; floriferous stems clothed with rufous
villi ; petioles very villous from rufous hairs ; leaves roundish-
cordate, bluntly lobed, mucronately toothed, ciliated, puberu-
lous ; panicle loose, many flowered ; petals linear-oblong, longer
than the calyx ; stamens exserted. 7£. H. Native of Nootka
Sound. Plant small.
Barbarossa Heuchera. PL 5 foot.
10 H. CYLI'NDKICA (Dougl. mss. ex Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1.
p. 236.) scapes naked, and are, as well as the petioles, hairy ;
leaves cordate, deeply and roundly lobed, crenated, ciliated ;
truncate at the base, smoothish above, but very pilose at the veins
beneath : teeth piliferous ; panicle compact, cylindrical, rather
spicate ; flowers rather large, apetalous ; stamens inclosed. T± ,
H. Native of North America, on the declivities of low hills,
and on the steep banks of streams on the west side of the Rocky
Mountains. Like H. Richardsbnii, but differs from it in the
truncate base of the leaves, and in the spicate panicle, by having
less oblique calyxes, very short stamens, and by the absence of
petals.
Cylindrical-spiked Heuchera. PL 1 to 1£ foot.
11 H. RICHARDSONII (R. Br. in Franklin, 1st journ. ed. 1.
append, p. 766. t. 29.) scapes and petioles rather pilose ; leaves
cordate, with a deep recess, bluntly lobed, ciliated, crenated,
rather pilose on both surfaces : teeth piliferous ; panicle loose,
thyrsoid ; flowers large ; mouth of calyx oblique ; petals ob-
ovately cuneated, hardly longer than the calyx ; stamens a little
exserted. I/ . H. Native of North America, on the dry banks
of rivers from lat. 54° to 64°.
Richardson's Heuchera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. PL 1
to 1| foot.
12 H. MENZIE'SII (Hook. fl.
bor. amer. 1. p. US7. t. 80.)
plant hispid from pili ; stems
leafy ; leaves cordate, acutely
lobed, deeply serrated ; flowers
racemose, apetalous ; calyx cylin-
drically funnel-shaped ; stamens
exserted ; ovarium free. If. . H.
Native of the north-west coast
of America ; at Banks's Isles, and
from the coast of Columbia to
Puget's Sound. Tiarella Men-
ziesii ? Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1.
p. 313. Racemes terminal, elon-
gated, solitary, many flowered.
Stamens 3, exserted. Petals 5,
linear, reflexed. (f. 51.)
Far. ft ; plant less hairy. I/ . H. Native along with the
species, in shady woods. H. triandra, Doug. mss. ex Hook. 1. c.
Menzies's Heuchera. PL 1 to 2 feet.
13 H. BRACTEA'TA (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 52.) plant pu-
bescent ; scapes racemose ; leaves orbicularly cordate, serrately
cut : teeth mucronate ; flowers bracteate ; petals narrow, hardly
FIG. 51.
SAXIFRAGACEjE. X. HEUCHERA. XI.DoNATiA. XII. LEPUROPETALUM. XIII. VAHLIA.
231
longer than the calyx ; stamens not exserted. Tf. . H. Native of
North America, on the Rocky Mountains. Tiarella ? bracteata,
Torrey in ann. lye. 2. p. 204. Habit of a species of Saxifraga.
Bracteate-Qowered Heuchera. PI. 1 foot.
14 H. LONOIPE'TALA (Moc. pi. nootk. ined. with a figure, ex
D. C. prod. 4. p. 52.) scape pubescent ; panicle secund ; petals
linear, revolute at the apex, longer than the calyx. I/. H.
Native of the north-west coast of America. Lobes of leaves
broad, rather distinct, acutely toothed. Petals and styles white.
Long-petalled Heuchera. PI. 1 foot.
15 H. ACERIFOLIA (Rafin. med. fl. 1. p. 211. t. 49.) petioles
hairy ; leaves smooth, glaucous beneath, acutely 5-lobed, un-
equally toothed : teeth mucronate ; scapes smooth ; panicle
elongated, loose ; petals short; stamens exserted. 2/.H. Na-
tive of North America, on hills and in the fissures of rocks, in
Kentucky, Tennessee, and west of Virginia, Maryland, and
Ohio, &c.
Maple-leaved Heuchera. PI. 1 foot.
16 H. SQ.UAMOSA (Rafin. med. fl. p. 244.) petioles pilose ;
leaves rather hairy, ciliated, cordate, acutely 7-lobed, denticu-
lated, glaucous beneath ; scape pilose, furnished with distant
oval scales; panicle short, oval, crowded, scaly; pedicels short;
lobes of calyx obtuse; stamens exserted. 1£. H. Native on
the mountains of Maryland, Virginia, and Kentucky. Perhaps
the same as H. bracteata.
Scaly Heuchera. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. The species of Heuchera thrive in any light garden
soil, and are readily increased by dividing at the roots. None of
the species are showy.
XI. DONA'TIA (so named by Forster from Vitaliano Do-
nati, of Padua, professor of botany at Turin). He travelled into
Egypt and Arabia, and died on his journey). Forst. gen. t. 5.
Juss. gen. p. 300. St. Hil. mem. mus. 2. p. 119. D. C. prod.
4. p. 53.
LIN. SYST. Tridndria, Trigynia. Tube of calyx turbinate,
adnate to the ovarium ; limb truncate, with 2 triangular acumi-
nated nearly opposite teeth". Bracteoles linear, adnate to the
tube of the calyx. Petals 9 (f. 52. e.), (8-10 ex Forst.) linear-
oblong. Stamens 3 (f. 52. f.), short, alternating with the petals.
Styles 3 (f. 52. b.) -5, filiform. Ovarium 2-3-celled. Ovula
numerous, fixed to the top of the cells. Fruit capsular. — A
nearly stemless herb, with the
habit of Saxifraga ccespitbsa.
Stems tufted. Leaves alternate,
linear, obtuse, permanent, im-
bricated, thick, glabrous, woolly
in the axils. Flowers terminal,
sessile, solitary, white. Perhaps
the petals are 6, and the stamens
6, 3 of them antheriferous, and
the other 3 converted into petals.
1 D. MAGELLA'NICA (Forst. 1.
c.) If. . F. Native of the Straits
of Magellan, on humid rocks.
Lam. ill. t. 51. Polycarpon Ma-
gellanicum, Lin. fil. suppl. 115.
Magellan Donatia. PI. •£• ft.
Cult. This plant will require to be grown in a small pot,
well drained, in a mixture of sand, peat and loam ; and placed
among other alpine plants. It will be easily increased by
dividing.
XII. LEPUROPE'TALUM (from \tirvpiov, lepurion, a lit-
tle scale, and irtraXoi', petalon, a petal ; in reference to the small
scale-formed petals). Elliot, sketch 1. p. 370. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 53.
FIG. 52.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-parted, perma-
nent : lobes ovate, obtuse. Petals 5, permanent, scale-formed,
inserted in the calyx, and alternating with its segments. Stamens
5, alternating with the petals. Ovarium free at the apex. Styles
3, short, rather concrete at the base. Capsule 1 -celled, 3-valved
at the apex. Seeds numerous, oval, fixed to the inflexed mar-
gins of the valves. — An annual glabrous branched tufted herb.
Leaves alternate, sessile, spatulately lanceolate, obtuse, entire.
Flowers terminal, solitary, small, white.
1 L. SPATULA'TUM (Ell. 1. c.) 11. F. Native of North Ame-
rica, in Georgia, in shady places. Pyxidanthera spatulata,
Muhl. cat.
Spatulate-\ea\e& Lepuropetalum. PL ^ foot.
Cult. See Donatia above for culture and propagation.
XIII. VA'HLIA (in honour of Martin Vahl, a pupil of Lin-
neus, regius professor of botany at Copenhagen, and member of
several academies, author of Symboliae Botanicae, Eclogae Ameri-
canae, &c. and one of the editors of Flora Danica). Thunb. gen.
nov. 2. p. 36. with a figure. Juss. gen. p. 318. Poir. diet. 8.
p. 284. Lam. ill. t. 183. R. Br. in Frankl. narr. journ. 766.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 53. — Bistella, Caill. and Delil. but not of
Adans. — Oldenlandia species, Retz, Roth, Smith, but not of Lin.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Tube of calyx adhering to
the ovarium : limb 5-parted, permanent, valvate in aestivation.
Petals 5, spreading, undivided, shorter than the calyx. Stamens
5 : anthers versatile. Styles 2, capitate at the apex. Capsule
1-celled, 2-valved, truncate at the apex, 5-furrowed, crowned by
the limb of the calyx, many seeded ; placentas loose, hanging
from the top of the cavity of the cell. Seeds convex on the
outside, and concave on the inside. — Rather villous somewhat
dichotomous herbs. Leaves opposite, exstipulate, linear or lan-
ceolate. Flowers white, axillary, pedicellate ; pedicels twin, 1-
flowered, short.
* African species.
1 V. CAPE'NSIS (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 246.) leaves linear or nar-
row-lanceolate ; branches velvety at the top ; pedicels twin, 1-
flowered ; styles exserted ; capsules oblong. I/ . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Russelia Capensis, Lin. fil. suppl. p.
175. Plant almost with the habit of a Silene, from -J to 1 foot
high. Flowers white.
Cape Vahlia. PI. £ to 1 foot.
2 V. WELDE'NII (Reich, hort. hot. t. 91.) leaves ovate, acute;
pedicels twin, 1 -flowered ; capsule globose. ©. H. Native of
Upper Egypt, of Nubia near Dongolah ; and of Senegal. Bis-
tella geminiflora, Caill. and Delil. pi. afr. p. 97. t. 63. f. 2. A
much branched herb, beset with glandular hairs. Flowers white.
Welden's Vahlia. PI. | to | foot.
3 V. RAMOSISSIMA (Alph. D. C. diss. ined. ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 54.) stem much branched, hairy : hairs bearing viscid glands
at the apex ; leaves linear, pubescent ; peduncles 2-flowered,
shorter than the leaves; capsule ovate. Q. H. Native of
Senegal. Flowers white. Habit of a Silene or Areniiria.
Much-branched Vahlia. PI. \ to ^ foot.
4 V. SILENOIDES (Alph. D. C. diss. ined. ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 54.) stem branched, clothed wilh soft hairs ; leaves linear,
pubescent; peduncles 2-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; cap-
sule globose. O- H. Native of the Cape Verd Islands.
Flowers white.
Catchfly-like Vahlia. PI. £ foot.
5 V. TOMENTOSA (Alph. D. C. diss. ined. ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
54.) stem branched, tomentose ; leaves linear-lanceolate, rather
hairy ; peduncles 2-flowered, shorter than the leaves : flowers
on short pedicels ; capsule nearly globose. Q.I H. Native of
the north of Africa, in the kingdom of Cayor. Flowers white.
232
SAXIFRAGACE^E. XIII. VAHIIA. XIV. CRYPTOPETALUM. XV. HYDRANGEA.
Tomentose Vahlia. PI. £ to | foot.
* * Asiatic species.
6 V. OLDENLA'NDIJE (D. C. prod. 4. p. 54.) stem erect ; leaves
linear, pubescent ; peduncles axillary, 2-flowered, shorter than
the leaves. Q.P. Native of Tranquebar. Oldenlandia pen-
tandra, Rets, obs. 4. p. 22. Heuchera dichotoma, Murr. comm.
goett. 1772. p. 64. f. 1. Oldenlandia dichotoma, Spreng. pug.
2. p. 36. Flowers white. Perhaps Oldenlandia biflora, Roth,
nov. spec. 97. but not of Lin. is sufficiently distinct from this ;
there are varieties of it with 4-5 -parted flowers.
Oldenland's Vahlia. PI. A foot.
7 V. SESSILIFLORA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 54.) stems decumbent ;
leaves lanceolate ; flowers axillary, sessile. Q.? H. Native of
Tranquebar. Oldenlandia digyna, Retz, obs. p. 23. Olden-
landia decumbens, Spreng. pug. 2. p. 36. Oldenlandia sessili-
flora, Smith in Rees' cycl. vol. 25. no. 2. Flowers pentapeta-
lous, digynous, white.
Sessile-flowered Vahlia. PI. decumbent.
Obs. The Oldenlandia depressa of Willd. and Smith will
probably make an eighth species to this genus when properly
examined.
Cult. The seeds of all the species should be reared on a
hot-bed ; and in the month of May, when the plants will have
obtained a considerable size, they may be planted out in the open
border, in a warm sheltered situation. The V. Capensis, being
a herbaceous perennial shrub, will require the treatment of other
green-house plants.
XIV. CRYPTOPETALUM (from K?VTTTOS, cryplos, hidden,
and TrtraXov, petalon, a petal ; petals minute, inclosed in the
calyx). Hook, et Am. in bot. misc. 3. p. 254.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Trigynia. Calyx turbinate, 5-cleft,
green : segments ovate, acute, spreading. Petals 5, inserted in
the tube of the calyx, and alternating with its segments, inclosed,
minute, spatulate. Stamens 5, inserted in the tube of the calyx,
small, and almost inclosed, alternating with the petals ; filaments
filiform ; anthers minute, roundish, orange-coloured, 2-celled.
Ovarium subglobose, with the lower part adhering to the calyx :
upper part free, 1 -celled ; placentas free, parietal, linear, divari-
cately bilamellate, many ovulate ; ovula very slender, membra-
nous. Styles 3, short, hardly united at the base ; stigmas
minutely papillose. Capsule globose, inclosed in the perma-
nent calyx, 1 -celled, opening at the cells, and 3-valved in the
free part ; each of the valves terminated by a permanent style.
Seeds numerous, pale, oval, obtuse at both ends, dotted ; albu-
men thin, fleshy. Embryo straight, central. — A small annual
smooth herb, about half an inch high. Stems erect, dichoto-
mous, branched ; branches divaricate. Leaves alternate, spatu-
late, quite entire, fleshy, hardly nerved. Flowers terminal,
large for the size of the plant, emulating those of Chrysos-
pleriium.
1 C. PUSI'LLUM (Hook, et Arn. 1. c.) Q. H. Native of
Chili, at Quintero. This curious plant is placed at the end of
Saxifragaceee, because it seems more nearly allied to that order
than to any other ; it agrees with Chrysosplenium in many par-
ticulars.
Small Cryptopetalum. PI. -J inch.
Cult. Sow the seed in a small pot filled with a mixture of
peat and sand.
Tribe II.
HYDRA'NGE^E (plants agreeing with Hydrangea in being
shrubby). D. C. prod. 4. p. 13. Shrubs, with opposite simple
exstipulate leaves. Flowers disposed in corymbs, having 5
petals, 10 stamens, and 2-3 styles ; outer ones, and sometimes
all, are often sterile ; these sterile ones are more ample and
dilated than the fertile ones.
XV. HYDRA'NGEA (from vlup, hydor, water, and ay-
•yeiov, aggeion, a vessel ; some of the species grow in water, and
the capsule has been compared to a cup). Lin. gen. 557. Gaertn.
fruct. 1. p. 150. t. 30. f. 7. Lam. ill. t. 370. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 13. — Hydrangea and Hortensia, Juss.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Di-Trigynia. Flowers usually dif-
formed (f. 53. a. b.} ; but some of them are fertile and herma-
phrodite (f. 53. 6.). Tube of calyx hemispherical, 10-ribbed,
rather truncate, adnate to the ovarium : limb permanent, 5-
toothed (f. 53. b.). Petals .5, regular. Stamens 10. Styles 2
(f. 53. c.), distinct. Capsule 2-celled, with introflexed valves,
crowned by the teeth of the calyx and styles (f. 53. b.c.\ flat-
tish at the top, opening by a hole between the styles. Seeds
reticulated, numerous. — Shrubs, with opposite leaves. Flowers
corymbose, red or yellow, but usually white : the marginal ones
sterile, and large, in consequence of the teeth of the calyx being
dilated into broad petal-like coloured segments, the rest of the
flower having the other parts abortive.
* Species natives of America.
1 H. ARBORE'SCENS (Lin. spec. p. 568.) leaves ovate, rather
cordate : superior ones lanceolate, coarsely toothed, pale and
puberulous beneath ; corymbs flattish ; flowers nearly all fertile ;
alabastra obtuse. Tj . H. Native from Pennsylvania to Vir-
ginia. Flowers white, small, having an agreeable odour.
Far. a, vulgaris (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 14.) nerves of
leaves puberulous. T? . H. H. vulgaris, Michx. fl. bor. amer.
1. p. 268. and probably of Pursh. H. arborescens, Curt. bot.
mag. 437. Lam. ill. t. 370. f. 1. Schkuhr, handb. t. 119. Mill,
fig. 251. H. frutescens, Mcench, meth. 1. p. 106. Du Ham.
arb. 1. t. 118.
Var. ft, discolor (Ser. 1. c.) leaves almost white beneath from
tomentum.
Arborescent Hydrangea. Fl.Jul. Aug. Clt. 1736. Sh. 4 to 6 ft.
2 H. CORDA'TA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 309. exclusive of
the synonyme of Michx.) leaves broadly ovate, acuminated,
rather cordate at the base, coarsely toothed, glabrous beneath ;
flowers all fertile. Tj . H. Native of Carolina, on the moun-
tains, and on the banks of the Missouri above St. Louis. Wats,
dendr. brit. t. 42. Flowers small, white, sweet-scented. Ac-
cording to Torrey, this is merely a variety of H. arborescens.
Cordate-leaved Hydrangea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1806. Sh.
6 to 8 feet.
3 H. PERDVIA'NA (Moric. mss. with a figure, ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 14.) leaves oval, loosely serrated, coriaceous, reticulately
veined, glabrous, rusty beneath, at the nerves, and on the pe-
tioles ; young branches and peduncles clothed with purplish
tomentum ; outer flowers of the corymb large and sterile : inner
ones hermaphrodite and petandrous. Jj . G. Native of Peru,
near Huyaquaquil. Perhaps a species of Corntdia, and pro-
bably C. Peruviana.
Peruvian Hydrangea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
4 H. NIVEA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 268.) leaves cordate,
oval, acuminated, sharply toothed, clothed with white tomentum
beneath, or pubescence ; corymbs flattish ; sepals of sterile
flowers entire ; alabastra depressed. J? . H. Native of North
America, about the Savannah river. Wats. dend. brit. t. 43.
Lam. ill. t. 307. f. 2. H. rad&ta, Walt. fl. car. 251. ex Michx.
but not of Smith. Flowers white, rather large.
Far. ft, glabella (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 14.) leaves nearly
glabrous beneath ; flowers all fertile. l-> . H. This variety has
probably originated from culture.
White-leaved Hydrangea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1786. Shrub
4 to 6 feet.
SAXIFRAGACE^E. XV. HYDRANGEA.
233
5 H. QUERCIFOLIA (Bartram, trav. ed. germ. p. 336. t. 7. ex
Willd. spec. 2. t. 634.) leaves large, ovate, sinuately lobed, and
toothed, pilose beneath ; corymbs rather panicled, flatfish ; se-
pals of sterile flowers entire ; alabastra depressed. T? . H.
Native of Florida. Sims, hot. mag. t. 975. H. radiata, Smith,
icon. piet. p. 1 2. but not of Walt. Flowers white ; sterile or
outer ones of the corymb large.
Oak-leaved Hydrangea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1803. Shrub
4 to 6 feet.
* * Species natives of Asia.
6 H. ALTISSIMA (Wall. tent. fl. nep. 2. t. 50.) leaves ovate,
acuminated, serrated, smoothish ; corymbs flattish ; sterile
flowers few, on pilose peduncles ; alabastra of fertile flowers
conical. Tj . F. Native of the mountains of Nipaul. Flowers
white ; sepals of sterile flowers obovate, very blunt, quite entire.
Styles 2, thick, diverging.
Tallest Hydrangea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
FIG. 53.
7 H. VEsiiTA (Wall. tent. fl.
nep. 2. t. 49.) leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, acuminated, sharply ser-
rated, almost glabrous above, but
clothed with white tomentum be-
neath, as well as on the branches ;
corymbs flattish, large ; pedun-
cles villous ; sterile flowers few,
glabrous ; alabastra of fertile
flowers nearly globose. Tj . F.
Native of Nipaul, on the moun-
tains. Flowers white, rather large.
Sepals of sterile flowers serrated.
(f. 53.)
Var. a, integriloba (Ser. in D.
C. prod. 4. p. 14.) sepals of
sterile flowers obovate, reticu-
lated, quite entire. Pj . F. Native
of Nipaul, at Kamaon.
Var. j3, jimbriata (Wall. 1. c.) sepals of sterile flowers ovate,
acuminated, serrated. Tj . F. Native of Nipaul, on the higher
mountains.
Clothed Hydrangea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
8 H. A'SPERA (Hamilt. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 211.)
leaves lanceolate, acuminated, sharply serrated, pubescent above,
but densely clothed beneath with hoary tomentum, as well as on
the branchlets ; corymbs panicled, diffuse ; peduncles villous ;
rays or sepals of sterile flowers ovate, mucronate, sharply ser-
rated, pubescent ; alabastra of fertile flowers globose. Tj . F.
Native of Nipaul, in watery places at Narainhetty. Hortensia
aspera, Hamilt. Leaves a hand long, and 2|- inches broad.
Sterile flowers not near so large as those of the preceding spe-
cies, white.
Rough Hydrangea. Fl. Aug. Sept. Shrub.
9 H. OBLONGIFOLIA (Blum, bijdr. p. 920.) leaves oblong,
acuminated, doubly toothed, glabrous above, but clothed with
white tomentum beneath, as well as on the branchlets ; corymbs
divaricate ; sepals of sterile flowers oval, glabrous, serrated ;
fertile flowers containing 3-4 styles. Tj . G. Native of the
western parts of Java, in woods on the higher mountains. Very
like the two preceding species, but differs in the teeth of the
leaves being unequal, and not so sharp.
Oblong-leaved Hydrangea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
10 H. HETEROMA'LLA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 211.) leaves
oval, acuminated, sharply serrated, tomentose beneath, and
pilose ; corymbs supra-decompound, diffuse, pilose ; sepals of
sterile flowers roundish-oval, quite entire. ^ . H. Native of
VOL. III.
Nipaul, at Gosainsthan. Leaves 5 inches long, and nearly 3
inches broad. Flowers white.
Variable-surj accrf-leaved Hydrangea. Clt. 1821. Shrub 4
to 6 feet.
1 1 H. ANOMALA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 211.) leaves ovate,
acuminated, nearly naked, sinuately crenated ; petioles and
nerves pilose ; cymes terminal, hairy ; flowers uniform ; rays or
sepals of sterile flowers wanting. I- . F. Native of Nipaul.
Leaves 4 inches long, rounded at the base ; petioles an inch
long. Flowers small. Styles very short, thick, recurved.
Anomalous Hydrangea. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
12 H. HORTE'NSIA (Sbld. in act. bonn. 14. p. 688. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 15.) leaves broadly ovate, serrated, acuminated ;
flowers disposed in ample corymbs or cymes, all diffbrmed, with
4-5 segments ; segments obovate-roundish, quite entire ; fertile
flowers very few, containing 2-3 styles. fj . F. Native of
China and Japan, but now cultivated almost every where in gar-
dens for the sake of its beauty. Hortensia opuloides, Lam. diet.
3. p. 136. Dum. Cours. hot. cult. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 345. Duham.
ed. nov. 3. p. 97. t. 24. Hydrangea hortensis, Smith, icon,
pict. 1. t. 12. Curt. bot. mag. 438. Hortensia specibsa, Pers.
Primula mutabilis, Lour. coch. p. 104. Viburnum serratum,
Thunb. fl. jap. p. 124. ex Roem. et Schultes, or Viburnum to-
mentosum, Thunb. ex Curt, but the descriptions of neither of
these two plants agree with the present. The plant is called
Temerihana, i. e. globe-flower, by the Japanese ; and Fun-Dan
Kma by the Chinese. Flowers varying from rose-coloured to
blue according to the soil in which the plant is grown ; the
sterile flowers are nearly always 4-cleft ; but the fertile
flowers are small and perfect. The plant is much valued on
account of the great profusion of its very elegant flowers, which
are monstrous, in the same manner as the Snow-hall Guilder
Rose. It was introduced by Sir Joseph Banks in 1790. The
plant was first called Peaiitia by Commerson, in honour of Dae
Hortense Lapeaute.
Hortensia 's or Common Hydrangea. Fl. April, Sept. Clt.
1790. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
13 H. AZISA'I (Sbld. in act. bonn. 14. p. 689.) leaves ovate,
acuminated, attenuated at the base, crenately serrated ; flowers
disposed in cymes, diffbrmed; corolline segments 4. ^ . F.
Native of Japan, along with the preceding species. The cymes
of flowers are very ample. Flowers for the most part greenish,
rarely white. The plant is called Azisai by the Japanese, and
Zu-hats-sen by the Chinese. There is a variety of it with varie-
gated leaves, called Fiuri- Azisai by the Chinese.
Azisai Hydrangea. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
14 H. JAPONICA (Sbld. 1. c. p. 689.) leaves ovate-oblong,
acuminated, finely and glandularly serrated, quite glabrous on
both surfaces ; cymes crowded ; flowers diffbrmed ; corolline
segments 6-10, unequal, ovate-rhomboid. Tj . F. Native of
Japan, where it is called Kakoosu. An elegant shrub, cultivated
by the Japanese, about the size of the last.
Var. a ,- flowers red. Benkaku.
Var. ft ; flowers grey. Konkaku.
Japan Hydrangea. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
15 H. THUNBE'RGII (Sbld. 1. c. p. 690.) leaves oblong, ser-
rated, entire at the base, pale beneath ; cymes crowded ; flowers
diffbrmed ; corolline segments 4-8, broadly obcordate, constantly
of a greyish lilac-colour. J? . F. Native of Japan, on the
highest mountains. Viburnum serratum, Thunb. jap. p. 124.
H. serrata, D. C. prod. 4. p. 115. Shrub climbing. The plant
grows in the mountains of Aiva and Sonaki, where the natives
use the dried leaves instead of tea, and is called by them Amats-
ja, i. e. sweet tea ; and Do-Sioo-San by the Chinese. Accord-
ing to the Japanese, there is a variety with bitter leaves, which
they call Kakossoo.
Hh
234
SAXIFRAGACE^E. XV. HYDRANGEA. XVI. CORNIDIA. XVII. CIANITIS.
Thunberg's Hydrangea. Shrub cl.
16 H. VI'RENS (Sbld. 1. c. p. 690.) leaves ovate-oblong, acu-
minated, serrated at the apex, hispid above (Thunb.) ; cymes
stinted : flowers diffbrmed ; corolline segments 2-3, unequal,
white. Jj . F. Native of Japan, on the higher mountains,
among Azalias, Euryas, Andromedas, &c. H. scandens, D.
C. prod. 4. p. 15. Viburnum virens, Thunb. fl. jap. 128.
Viburnum scandens, Lin. fil. suppl. 184. Shrub 2 to 6 feet
high, rarely climbing. It is called by the Japanese Janratoosin.
Green Hydrangea. Shrub 2 to 6 feet.
17 H. PANICULA'TA (Sbld. I.e. p. 691.) leaves elliptic, acu-
minated, glandularly toothed, scabrous, tern on the floriferous
branches ; panicle branched, rather secund ; flowers diffbrmed,
very numerous ; corolline segments 3-4, obovate, white. Jj . F.
Native of Japan. Shrub climbing, 5 feet high. The plant is
called Tsurudemari by the Japanese, and Too-sinkjine by the
Chinese. There is a variety with very pale red flowers, culti-
vated near the town of Posaka, very like the species, but does
not climb, called Jamademai by the Japanese. Perhaps Vibur-
num plicatum, Thunb. is only a variety of H. paniculata.
Panicled-fiovtered Hydrangea. Shrub 5 feet.
18 H. INVOLUCRA'TA (Sbld. 1. c. p. 691.) leaves ovate, acumi-
nated, glandularly serrated, reticulately veined, hispid on both
surfaces; cymes involucrated before flowering (involucrum ca-
ducous, 2-3-leaved), crowded ; flowers diffbrmed ; corolline
segments 8, nearly orbicular. Tj . F. Native of Japan. Plant
suffruticose, hardly a foot high.
Far. a; corolla lilac. Gimbaisoo of the Japanese; culti-
vated near the town of Oosaka.
Far. ft ; corolla yellow. Kinbaisoo of the Japanese.
Involucrated Hydrangea. Shrub 1 foot.
19 H. ALTERNIFOLIA (Sbld. 1. c. p. 692.) leaves alternate;
flowers cymose, polyandrous, diffbrmed; corolline segments 2-6,
3 of which are constantly ovate and acute. T? . F. Native of
Japan, where it is called by the natives Kusasimots-Ke.
Alternate-leaved Hydrangea. Shrub 1 foot.
20 H. SITSITAN (Sbld. 1. c. p. 692.) leaves ovate, acumi-
nated, acutely serrated, with the veins pubescent beneath ;
flowers cymose, diffbrmed, double ; corolline segments elliptic,
of a fine rose-colour. Tj . F. Native of Japan. Shrub 2 feet
high. Cultivated about the town of Miako, where it is called
Sitsitan by the natives. Perhaps only a double flowering variety
of H. Hortensia.
Sitsitan Hydrangea. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
•{• Species natives of Japan, but hardly known,
21 H. MACROPHY'LLA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 15.) branchlets rather
pilose ; leaves obovate, acuminated, sharply serrated, rather
pilose on both surfaces ; umbels terminal, compound, radiating.
Tj . F. Native of Japan. Viburnum macrophyllum, Thunb.
fl. jap. 125.
Long-leaved Hydrangea. Shrub.
22 H. HI'RTA (Sbld. ex flora, 1828. nov. 21.) leaves ovate,
serrated, villous ; petioles and peduncles hairy ; umbels terminal,
not radiating ; stigmas 2-lobed. ^ . F. Native of Japan. Vi-
burnum hirtum, Thunb. fl. jap. 124.
Hairy Hydrangea. Shrub.
Cult. The hardy species, or those natives of North America,
are dwarf shrubs, and therefore proper for the front of shrub-
beries. H. quercifolia does best against a south wall. Those
species natives of Asia will require protection in winter, either
by placing them in a frame or green- house. Cuttings of all the
species root readily if planted under a hand-glass. H. Hortensia
is in general cultivation for the sake of its showy flowers ; the
blue-flowered variety is in greatest request, which may be ob-
tained by planting out the common pink variety in a bed of peat
soil, and letting it remain there 2 or 3 years ; for the longer it
remains the deeper blue the flowers will become : the plants
may then be potted before the buds begin to burst, and they will
then flower in perfection, and the flowers will be of a beautiful
blue colour.
XVI. CORNI'DIA (in honour of Joseph Cornide, a Spanish
naturalist). Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 43. — Sarcostyles, Presl,
in reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 53. t. 6. D. C. prod. 4. p. 15.
LIN. SYST. Octandria, Trigynia. Calyx superior, 4-toothed,
equal, deciduous. Stamens 8 ; filaments linear : anthers ovate,
2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally inside. Ovarium inferior,
nearly globose, 3-celled, rarely 4-celled, many ovulate. Styles
3, rarely 4, thick, fleshy, at length divaricate ; stigmas obtuse,
oblique. Capsule nearly globose, crowned by the permanent
calyx and styles, dehiscing between the styles, 3-celled, rarely
4-celled, many seeded ; dissepiments entire, placentiferous.
Seeds cylindrical. — Shrubs, with glabrous opposite serrated
leaves, and involucrated cymes or corymbs of white flowers, with
the habit of Hydrangea.
1 C. PERUVIA'NA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. I.e..) leaves oval or
obovate, acuminated or obtuse, coriaceous, serrated at the apex ;
corymbs terminal, many rayed, involucrated by 4 large decidu-
ous bracteas. ^ . F. Native of Peru, on the mountains.
Sarcostyles Peruviana, Presl, in Haenk. reliq. 2. p. 54. t. 60.
Peruvian Cornidia. Shrub.
2 C. INTEGE'RRIMA (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 254.)
leaves roundish-elliptic, glabrous, hardly acute at the base and
apex ; corymbs numerous, disposed in a terminal raceme, which
much exceeds the leaves. lj . F. Native of Chili, about Val-
paraiso, and near Bustamente. Hydrangea scandens, Poepp. ex
D. C. prod. 4. p. 666.
Entire-leaved Cornidea. Shrub cl. ?
3 C. SERRATIFOLIA (Hook, et Arn. 1. c.) leaves obovate-ob-
long, acute, obtuse at the base, serrated upwards ; floral ones or
rameal ones smaller, ovate, with a few denticulations ; corymbs
numerous, disposed in a terminal raceme, which hardly exceeds
the leaves. ^ • F- Native of Chiloe. Closely allied to the
last species, but apparently distinct. Both, but especially the
present, have several decussate, patent, concave, stiff bracteas,
along the stalks of the corymbs.
Saw-leaved Cornidia. Shrub.
Cult. The culture and propagation of the species of Cornidia
are the same as that recommended for the species of Hydrangea.
They require to be protected in winter by placing them in a
frame or green-house.
XVII. CIANPTIS (from Kvaveos, kyaneos, blue ; colour of
berries). Reinw. in Blume, bijdr. p. 921. D. C. prod. 4. p. 16.
LIN. SYST. Decandria, Tri-Penlagynia. Tube of calyx ad-
hering to the ovarium : limb 5-toothed. Petals 5, rather fleshy,
inserted in an epigynous disk. Stamens 10; anthers oblong,
erect, dehiscing at the sides. Styles 3-5, spreading : stigmas ob-
tuse, adnate. Berry crowned by the teeth of the calyx, half
3-5- celled, many seeded ; dissepiments incomplete, inflexed,
fleshy, seminiferous. — A subshrub, with opposite, petiolate, ob-
long-lanceolate, smoothish leaves, which are serrated from the
middle to the apex ; and panicled terminal cymes of flowers,
with trifid branches.
1 C. SYLVA'TICA (Reinw. 1. c.) cymes nearly undivided, on
short peduncles, disposed in a coarctate panicle. Tj . S. Native
of Java, on the mountains, where it is called by the natives
Tiaere-gil-gil. Flowers probably white.
Var. (3, paniculata (Blum, mss.) cymes branched, on long
peduncles, disposed in an elongated panicle. Vj . S. Native of
Java, Perhaps distinct from the species.
SAXIFRAGACE.E. XVIII. ADAMIA. XIX. BROUSSAISIA. UMBELLIFER^E.
235
Var. y, corymbosa (Blum, mss.) cymes branched, on long
peduncles, disposed in somewhat fastigiate corymbs. Tj . S.
Native of Java. Perhaps a proper species.
Wood Cianitis. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit these
plants ; and cuttings will root readily in the same kind of soil,
under a hand-glass.
XVIII. ADA^MIA (in honour of John Adam, some time
Governor-General of India ; a promoter of natural history).
Wall. tent. fl. nep. p. 4C. t. 36. D. C. prod. 4. p. 16.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Pentagynia. Tube of calyx adnate to
the ovarium ; limb with 5 short teeth, having the recesses between
the teeth broad and obtuse. Petals 5, alternating with the teeth
of the calyx, surrounding the top of the ovarium. Stamens 10.
Styles 5, ending in rather clavate, somewhat 2-lobed stigmas.
Berry crowned by the limb of the calyx, somewhat 5-celled,
many seeded. Embryo terete, straight, in a fleshy albumen,
with the radicle turned towards the hilum. — A smooth branched
shrub. Leaves opposite, exstipulate, petiolate, oblong-lanceo-
late, serrated. Panicle corymbose, terminal, many flowered.
Flowers bluish. Berries blue. Perhaps not distinct from
Cianitis.
1 A. CYAN^'A (Wall. 1. c.) T? . G. Native of Nipaul, in
rocky places, on mountains near the Great Valley, where it is
called Bansook by the natives. Hook. bot. mag. t. 3046. Wall.
pi. rar. asiat. 3. t. 213.
.Bfee-berried Adamia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1829. Shrub
4 to 6 feet.
Cult. See Cianitis above for culture and propagation.
XIX. BROUSSArSIA (in honour of the celebrated M.
Broussais, M.D. author of physiological medicine). Gaud, in
Freyc. voy. t. 69. D. C. prod. 4. p. 17.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, hemis-
pherical, distinct from the ovarium : lobes ovate-deltoid, blunt-
ish, equal. Petals oblong, acuminated, with a reflexed point
(nearly as in umbelliferous plants) twice the length of the calyx,
valvate in aestivation. Stamens 10, hypogynous, surrounding
the base of the ovarium ; filaments subulate, distinct ; anthers
ovate. Ovarium roundish, crowned by the short style and trun-
cate stigma, 5-celled ; cells many seeded. — A shrub, with op-
posite oval petiolate sharply serrated leaves, and corymbs of
fertile flowers. The shrub has the habit of Hydrangea, but
differs in the ovarium being distinct from the calyx, in the style
being short and solitary, not 2-3, and in the fruit being 5-
celled.
1 B. ARGU'TA (Gaud. 1. c.) Tj . G. Native of the Sandwich
Islands, at the altitude of from 1200 to 1500 feet above the level
of the sea. A middle-sized tree.
•SAarp-serrated-leaved Broussaisia. Tree.
Cult. See Cianitis above for culture and propagation.
ORDER CXXIII. UMBELLI'FERJE (from umbella, an
umbel, anAfero, to bear ; this order contains only umbelliferous
plants, such as the parsnip, celery, parsley, hemlock, carrot,
coriander, &c.). Juss. gen. 218. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 279. prop,
med. ed. 2. p. 159. Spreng. umb. prod. 1813. and Rcem. et
Schultes, syst. 6. (1820.) p. 29. Hoffm. gen. umb. ed. 1st.
1814. ed. 2d. 1816. Vela and Lag. am. nat. esp. 2. 1821. p.
61. Lag. ibid. p. 87. and obs. aparas. 1826. (in ocios.) Kock,
umb. disp. in nov. act. bonn. 1824. vol. 12. p. 1. and p. 55.-
156. and the same in litt. 1828. D. C. coll. diss. mem. 5. with
19 plates. D. C. prod. 4. p. 55. — Umbellate, Tourn. inst.
304. Lin. prael. ed gis. p. 508. Adans. fam. pi. 2. p. 89. ex-
clusive of some genera. Cusson, mem. soc. med. par. 1782.
Sciadophytum, Nect. elem. 1. p. 162.
Calyx with the tube adhering to the ovarium (f. 55. F. h. f.
55. C. e.) ; limb 5-toothed (f. 55. F. e.), or entire (f. 55. G.f.) :
lobes or teeth deciduous or permanent. Petals 5 (f. 57. c. f.
59. g.), inserted in the top of the tube of the calyx, and altern-
ating with its lobes, either entire (f. 57. c.), emarginate (f. 61.
£>.), or 2-lobed, sometimes plain at the apex, but usually drawn
out into a replicate or involute point (f. 6 1 ./. f. 63. e. f. 55.C.L),
somewhat imbricate in aestivation, rarely valvate ; the outer
flowers of the umbel or ray of the umbel sometimes larger than
the rest, the rest equal among themselves, rarely abortive.
Stamens 5 (f. 55. C. b. &c.), alternating with the petals, and
inserted along with them, and therefore opposite the calycine
teeth or lobes, always distinct, replicate in aestivation (f. 59. g.
&c.) ; anthers ovate, 2-celled, somewhat didymous, opening by
a double longitudinal chink. Ovarium inferior, 2-celled (f. 55.
E. c. f. 55. D. d. &c.), (very rarely, and probably from abor-
tion, 1 -celled), adnate to the calyx ; styles 2, distinct (f. 55.
F. i. f. 55. G. i. f. 59. e. &c.), when young erect, but at length
thickened at the base into stylopodium(f. 64. a.), which covers the
whole disk, forming a sort of crown to the fruit, diverging more
or less, usually permanent, the outer one directed to the outside
of the umbel, and the inner one tending to the centre.
Fruit (called Diachce'na, Polachce'na, and Cremocarp by many
botanists) consisting of 2 carpella (called mericarps because
(f. 55. D. d. f. 56. C. h. &c.) they adhere to the calyx
the half of their length, and therefore cannot be carpella or
achenia in the strict sense of those terms), separable from a
common axis (called a carpophore), to which (f. 56. G. a.
f. 56. C. a. b. &c.) they adhere by their face (called the com-
missure) ; the fruit or cremocarp traversed by 10 elevated pri-
mary ridges, of which the 5 that represent the middle of the
sepals are called carinal, because they are drawn out into caly-
cine teeth at the apex : the other 5, alternating with the first-
named ones are called sutural, because they indicate the sutures
where the divisions of the calyx are joined, and therefore tend
to the recesses between the calycine teeth ; besides these there
are others which are apparent in some called secondary, because
they alternate with the 1 0 primary nerves, and therefore indicate
the sides of the divisions of the calyx ; all the sutural, carinal,
and secondary ribs are either filiform, winged, or crested ;
these ridges or nerves are separated by channels or furrows
called valleculae, below which, but usually in the channels,
are placed in the substance of the pericarp, certain linear recep-
tacles of coloured oily matter, called vittee, which are directed
from the apex to the base : they are solitary, twin, or numerous,
rarely wanting, and sometimes they are inclosed in a proper
membrane, which is probably a true pericarp. Seeds solitary in
each carpel, hanging from the top of the axis or carpophore,
inclosed in a proper membrane, the spermaderm, which is
but rarely separable from the pericarp. Albumen large,
fleshy, or rather horny, more or less convex on the out-
nh 2
236
UMBELLIFER.E.
side. Embryo minute, hanging from the top of the carpophore,
and therefore the radicle is superior; cotyledons 2, oblong,
changing into seminal leaves through germination. — Herbs or
subshrubs. Roots various, but often fusiform. Stems cylin-
drical or angular, simple or branched, annual or perennial, with
the bark or skin usually full of aromatic resinous gum ; medulla
in some, as in Ferula, large, with medullary fibres in its sub-
stance, similar to the steins of monocotyledonous plants. Leaves
alternate, very rarely opposite, except the seminal ones, usually
divided into various segments ; petioles usually sheathing at the
base : in some, as in the genus Bupleurum, the petioles are
changed into phyllodia, as in the section of Acacia called Phyl-
lodineee. Flowers umbellate, white, yellow, pink, or blue, often
with either the styles or stamens abortive, monoecious, dioecious,
or polygamous, and some of them sterile. Umbels usually per-
fect, botli general and partial, in both the rays are numerous,
the general umbel usually surrounded by an involucrutn, and the
partial ones by an involucel.
FIG. 54.
Umbelliferce hardly differs from Araliacece, the next order.
With Saxifragacece it agrees in habit, if Hydrocotyle is compared
with Chrysosplenium, and if the sheathing and divided leaves of
the two orders are considered. To Geraniacece, De Candolle
remarks, that they are allied in consequerice of the cohesion of
the carpella around a woody axis, and of the umbellate flowers,
which grow opposite the leaves, and also because the affinity of
Geraniacece to Vltis, and of the latter to Araliacece, is not to
be doubted. The arrangement of this order has only within a
few years arrived at any very definite state ; the characters upon
which genera and tribes could be formed, were for a long while
unsettled ; it is, however, now generally admitted, that the num-
ber and developement of the ribs of the fruit, the presence or
absence of the reservoirs called vittse, and the form of the albu-
men, are the leading peculiarities, which require to be attended
to. The plants are chiefly extra-tropical, inhabiting groves,
thickets, plains, marshes, and waste places.
The properties of this order require to be considered under
two points of view ; firstly, those of the vegetation ; and se-
condly those of the fructification. The character of the former
generally is suspicious, and often poisonous in a high degree ;
as in the case of hemlock, fool's-parsley, mater-hemlock, and
others, which are deadly poison. Nevertheless, the blanched
petioles and stems of celery, the leaves of parsley and samphire,
the roots of skirret, the carrot, the parsnip, the arracacha, and
the tubers of (Endnlhe pimpinelloides, and Bimirnn bulbocds-
tanum, are wholesome articles of food. The fruit, vulgarly
called the seeds, is in no case dangerous, and is usually a warm
and agreeable aromatic, as caraway, coriander, dill, anise, &c.
From the stem, when wounded, sometimes flows a stimulant,
tonic, aromatic, gum-resinous concretion, of much use in medi-
cine ; as opopanax, which is produced from Opopanax Chirdnium
in the Levant, and assafcetida from the Ferula of that name in
Persia. Gum ammoniac is obtained from Dorema Ammonia-
cum. It is a gum resin of a pale yellow colour, having a
faint, but not unpleasant, smell, with a bitter nauseous taste.
Internally applied, it is a valuable deobstruent, and expectorant.
It is said by Dr. Paris to be, in combination with rhubarb, a
useful medicine in mesenteric affections, by correcting viscid
secretions. (Ainslie 1. p. 160.) The substance called galbanum
is produced by Galbanum officinale, a plant of this order.
It is a stimulant of the intestinal canal and uterus, and is
found to allay that nervous irritability, which often accom-
panies hysteria. (Ainslie 1. p. 143.). JEthusa cynapium has
been found by Professor Ficinus, of Dresden, to contain a pe-
culiar alkali, which he calls Cynapia. (Turner, p. 654.) The
fruit of Ligusticum Ajarvain of Roxb. the Ptychotis Ajdwan of
D. C. is prescribed in India in diseases of horses and cows.
(Ainslie i. p. 38.) The Prangos pabularia is a valuable fodder-
plant in Thibet.
Synopsis of the genera.
SUBORDER I. ORTHOSPE'RIM:. Albumen flat or flattish in-
side, neither involute nor convolute.
§ 1. Umbels simple or imperfect. Fruit destitute of vittce,
TRIBE I.
HYDROCOTY'LE;E. Fruit contracted from the sides ; mericarps
convex or acute on the back : with the 5 primary ribs at length
obsolete: lateral ones marginating or in the commissure, which
is flat ; intermediate usually more than carinal. Petals entire.
1 HYDROCOTYLE. Margin of calyx obsolete ; and the tube
rather compressed. Petals ovate, with a straight point. Fruit
biscutate. Mericarps with 5 filiform ribs : carinal and lateral
ones often obsolete : the 2 intermediate ones joined. — Involu-
crum few-leaved.
2 CRA'NTZIA. Tube of calyx subglobose ; limb very short,
hardly any. Petals roundish, obtuse. Fruit roundish. Meri-
carp unequal, with 3-5 filiform ribs. Vittae 1 in each furrow
and 2 in the commissure. — Involucrum 5-6-leaved.
3 DIMETOPIA. Teeth of calyx obsolete. Petals oval-oblong.
Styles short. Fruit didymous. Mericarps somewhat contracted
at the commissure, unequal, one muricated with tubercles, and
the other echinated with conical prickles. — Involucrum of 5
linear leaves.
4 ERIGE'NIA. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals equal, obo-
vate. Styles long. Fruit oval, laterally compressed. Meri-
carps gibbously convex, marked by 3 stripes. Commissure nar-
row, flat. — Umbels imperfect. True involucrum none, but in
place of it there is a multifid leaf, Involucels of a few unequal
leaflets.
UMBELLIFERjE.
237
5 MICROPLEU'RA. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals equal,
acute. Fruit deeply 2-lobed at the base, and emarginate at the
apex ; mericarps obliquely ovate, 7-ribbed ; ribs curvi-linear,
ventricose at the base, marginal 2 straight. Commissure narrow.
6 DIDI'SCUS. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals oval, blunt-
ish, imbricate in aestivation (f. 57. c.). Fruit didymous, emar-
ginate at the base. Mericarps rough from pilose strigae, 5-
ribbed: 2 middle ribs approximating the commissure. — Invo-
lucrum of many leaves which are concrete at the base (f. 57. a.).
7 TRACHYME'NE. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals ellip-
tic, acutish, somewhat valvate in aestivation. Fruit didymous.
Mericarps gibbously convex, 5-ribbed : the 3 dorsal ribs and
the furrows between them muricated : and the 2 lateral ones
marginating. — Umbels compound. Involucrum of many leaves.
8 ASTROTRICHA. Margin of calyx hardly 5-toothed. Petals
oval, acutish, permanent (f. 58. ft.), velvety on the outside from
stellate down. Styles thickened at the base (f. 58. c.). Mericarps
contracted at the commissure, having 3 primary dorsal ribs, and
2 acute nearly obsolete marginating ones, and 4 secondary ones.
Commissure furnished with 2 vittae, which are covered by a
spongy pellicle, but none in the furrows. — Involucrum of a few
linear leaves.
9 XANTHOSIA. Margin of calyx 5-lobed. Petals stipitate,
oval, cuspidate and replicate at the apex. Styles filiform, rising
from the base of the stylopodium on the inside. Fruit com-
pressed. Mericarps contracted at the commissure, with 7-9
filiform ribs : 2 lateral ribs marginating.
10 BOWLE'SIA. Margin of calyx 5-toothed ; tube compres-
sedly somewhat tetragonal. Petals elliptic, entire, acute. Fruit
ovate, much contracted at the raphis, turgid, somewhat tetra-
gonal, flattish on both sides at the back. Mericarps marked with
an oval impression on the back, having 5 obsolete ribs : 2 lateral
ribs flat, seated in the commissure.
1 1 FRAGOSA. Margin of calyx 5-toothed, permanent. Pe-
tals oval. Fruit didymous. Mericarps somewhat compressed
from the back, and contracted at the commissure, having filiform
ribs. — Involucrum equal in length to the pedicels.
12 AZORE'LLA. Margin of calyx 5-toothed, permanent.
Petals oval. Fruit ovate, contracted at the raphis, and rather
compressed from the back. Mericarps semi-ovate, having the ribs
hardly evident. — Involucrum about equal in length to the pe-
dicels.
1 3 PECTOPHY'TUM. Margin of calyx entire. Petals unequal,
with an acute inflexed point. Fruit ovate-elliptic ; mericarps
rather convex on the back, semi-oval, having 5 filiform ribs ;
commissure rlattish. — Flowers in crowded fascicles at the tops
of the branches, solitary in the axils of the bracteas.
TRIBE II.
MuLiNEjE. Mericarps contracted at the commissure, flat or
flattish on the back, without mttce, hence the fruit is square or
parallelly biscutate. Petals entire.
14 BOLAX. Margin of calyx entire. Petals oval. Fruit
tetragonal ; mericarps with 5 nerve-formed ribs, 1 dorsal, and
the 2 middle ones form the corners of the angles of the fruit, and
the 2 inner ones are filiform ; commissure very narrow. — Invo-
lucrum of 4 leaves, equal in length to the pedicels.
15 MULINUM. Margin of calyx 5-toothed, permanent. Pe-
tals oval-oblong, acute. Fruit 4-winged ; mericarps furnished
with 5 ribs : middle one dorsal : 2 lateral ones nerve-formed :
2 intermediate ones expanded into lateral ample wings. — Invo-
lucrum of many leaves, shorter than the pedicels.
16 LAREVTIA. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals ovate,
entire. Fruit elliptic, square, flatly compressed from the back ;
mericarps lenticular, with dorsal ribs and 2 lateral marginal ones,
destitute of vittae. Seed flat.
17 DRU'SA. Margin of calyx entire. Petals oval. Meri-
carps furnished with 5 ribs : the dorsal one and the 2 inner ones
linear and hardly prominent : but the 2 intermediate ones are
drawn out into marginal wings, which are repandly sinuated,
having the angles expanding in a stellate tuft of uncinate spi-
nules. — Involucrum wanting.
18 HUANA'CA. Margin of calyx hardly 5-toothed, Petals
lanceolate. Fruit ovate, acutish ; mericarps flat and furrowed
on the inside, but convex on the back, and furnished with 3
elevated lines. Carpophore bifid. — Involucrum of many leaves.
19 DIPOSIS. Margin of calyx bluntly 5-toothed. Petals oval.
Fruit orbicular, constituting 2 parallel disks (f. 55. A. 6.) ; commis-
sure narrow ; mericarps having 5 ribs : dorsal one filiform : 2
lateral ones hidden : and the 2 middle ones girding the disk ;
furrows broad and flat. — Umbels compound.
20 SPANA'NTHE. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals ellip-
tic, acutish, with a straight point. Fruit ovate, much compressed
at the rachis ; mericarps having 5 slender equal ribs : 3 inter-
mediate ones dorsal : and the 2 lateral ones seated in the flat
commissure. — Umbels rather compound. Involucrum of many
leaves.
21 HOMALOCA'RPUS. Margin of calyx 5-toothed ; teeth su-
bulate. Petals ovate, concave. Fruit roundish-ovate; meri-
carps having 5 filiform ribs, hidden in the substance of the peri-
carp, 1 dorsal : 2 lateral ones near the rachis : 2 middle ones
forming the angles.
22 POZOA. Margin of calyx 5-toothed, permanent. Fruit
prismatic, tetragonal, 5-ribbed, emarginate at the apex ; meri-
carps concave and channelled on the back ; ribs lateral, dense,
straight. — Involucrum crenately lobed, obsoletely toothed.
23 ASTERI'SCIUM. Calyx 5-toothed, permanent ; teeth ovate.
Petals emarginate, with an inflexed point and a callous recess.
Fruit compressed, tetragonally prismatic ; mericarps with 5 ribs :
the 2 intermediate ribs expanded into wings : the carinal one and
the 2 placed near the raphis stripe-formed ; commissure very
narrow. — Involucrum of many leaves.
TRIBE III.
SANICU'LE^E. Fruit ovate-globose. Mericarps destitute of vit-
tce, with 5 primary ribs ; secondary ribs manting or obliterated
by being covered rvith scales. Petals erect, emarginate, from
being bent back from the middle by a point.
238
UMBELLIFERJE.
24 ACTINOTUS. Tube of calyx contracted at the apex ; limb
5-lobed : lobes oval-oblong. Petals wanting. Styles thick-
ened and villous at the base. Fruit ovate, crowned by the lobes
of the calyx, villous, 5-striped — Involucrum of many radiating
leaves, which are longer than the flowers.
25 PETA'ONIA. Flowers dioecious, having the calyxes dif-
ferent in the distinct sexes. Styles filiform. Fruit ovate, com-
pressed, 8-nerved, vacant inside, 1-seeded. — Umbellules 3-
flowered : central flower hermaphrodite, sessile : lateral ones male,
pedicellate ; pedicels rather concrete at the base, with the calyx
of the female flower.
26 SANI'CULA. Tube of calyx echinated ; lobes foliaceous
(f. 59. c.), permanent. Petals connivent, obovate, emarginate,
with an inflexed point (f. 59. g.). Fruit nearly globose, echi-
nated ; carpophore not distinct. — Umbels compound. Leaves
of involucrum few, divided ; of the involucel numerous, linear.
27 HACQUE'TIA. Tube of calyx 10-ribbed ; lobes foliaceous,
permanent. Petals obovate, emarginate, with a bent in point.
Fruit contracted from the sides ; mericarps gibbously convex ;
ribs 5, filiform, with a deep channel on the inside.— Involucrum
of 5-6 obovate toothed leaves, which are longer than the umbel.
28 ASTRAN'TIA. Tube of calyx 10-ribbed, tuberculately pli-
cate ; lobes 5, foliaceous. Petals erect, connivent, oblong-obo-
vate, with an infracted point. Fruit rather compressed from the
back ; mericarps with 5 elevated, obtuse, plicately toothed, in-
flated ribs, inclosing in the cavity a smaller fistular rib. Car-
pophore not distinct. — Involucrum variable : involucel of many
leaflets.
29 ALEPI'DEA. Tube of calyx minutely tubercular. Petals
inflexed. Mericarps without ribs, and without vittae. Carpo-
phore adnate the whole length of the seeds. — Habit of Eryngium,
but the umbels are like those of Astraniia.
30 HORSFIE'LDIA. Margin of calyx quite entire. Petals
ovate, cuspidate, flat. Fruit compressed, villous ; mericarps 3-
ribbed on the back. — A prickly shrub. Umbels capitate, ses-
sile ; receptacle chaffy. Involucrum of many leaves.
31 ERY'NGIUM. Tube of calyx rough from scales or vesi-
cles ; lobes foliaceous. Petals erect, connivent, oblong-obovate,
emarginate, with an infracted point. Fruit obovate, scaly, or
tubercular ; mericarps semi-terete, without ribs, and without
vittae; carpophore adnate its whole length to the seeds. — Flowers
crowded into dense heads ; the lower bracteas forming an invo-
lucrum to them.
32 ACTINA'NTHUS. Flowers monoecious : female ones capi-
tate : male ones in capitate umbels, with the receptacle destitute
of paleae. Teeth of calyx permanent. Petals oblong, compli-
cated at the apex, and rather cirrhose. Fruit compressed from
the sides ; mericarps with 5 alternate, stronger, sutural ribs ;
vittse 1 in each furrow, and 2 in the commissure. Carpophore
adnate. — Involucra wanting ; involucels of many leaves.
§ 2. Umbels compound or perfect. Vittae on the fruit va-
riable, rarely wanting.
* Fruit having only primary ribs present.
TRIBE IV.
AMMI'NE«. Fruit compressed from the sides or didymous; meri-
carps with 5 filiform ribs, which at length become a little winged :
lateral ones marginating, all equal. Seeds terete or gibbously
convex, flaltish in front.
33 RU'MIA. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals ovate, en-
tire, with a short, coarctate, incurved point. Fruit roundish or
ovate, plicately wrinkled ; mericarps solid, with 5 thick, very
obtuse, twisted plicate ribs, covering the furrows, which are
ornamented with plicate tubercles, and furnished with 1 vittae
each. Carpophore bipartite. — Involucrum wanting or few-
leaved ; involucels of 3-8 leaves. Flowers yellow.
34 CICU'TA. Margin of calyx 5-toothed, foliaceous. Petals
obcordate, with an inflexed point. Fruit roundish, contracted
from the sides ; mericarps with 5 flattish ribs, having the furrows
between the ribs furnished with 1 vittao each, and the commis-
sure 2 vittae ; vittae filling the furrows, a little more elevated
than the ribs, all concealed under a loose membrane. Carpophore
bipartite. — Involucrum wanting, or few leaved ; involucels of
many leaves.
35 ZI'ZIA. Margin of calyx obsolete, or with 5 very short
teeth. Petals elliptic, tapering into a long inflexed acumen.
Fruit contracted from the sides, roundish or oval ; ribs filiform,
rather prominent ; furrows furnished with 1 vittae each, and the
commissure with 2 ; carpophore bipartite. — Involucrum wanting;
Involucel of few leaves, variable. Flowers yellow, rarely white
or dark purple.
36 PENTACRY'PTA. Calyx unknown. Petals equal, lanceo-
late, with an inflexed point. Fruit oblong-elliptic ; the 3 dorsal
ribs elevated, acute ; furrows furnished with 1 vitta each. Al-
bumen with 5 roundish angles. Flowers polygamous, dark
purple.
37 A'PIUM. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals roundish,
entire. Stylopodium depressed. Fruit roundish, contracted from
the sides ; ribs filiform ; furrows furnished with 1 vitta : outer
ones with 2-3 vittae. Carpophore undivided. — Involucrum and
involucel wanting. Flowers greenish white.
38 PETROSELI'NUM. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals
roundish, incurved, hardly emarginate, with an inflexed point at
the apex. Stylopodium short, conical, subcrenulated. Styles
diverging. Fruit ovate, contracted from the sides ; ribs filiform ;
furrows furnished with 1 vitta each, and the commissure with 2.
Carpophore bipartite. — Involucrum few-leaved, and the invo-
lucel of many leaves. Flowers white or greenish.
39 WEYDLE'RIA. Margin of calyx obsolete (f. 60. a.). Petals
ovate-lanceolate, entire, with an incurved point (f. 60. c.). Fruit
ovate, crowned by the short Stylopodium and reflexed styles
(f. 60. 6.). Mericarps somewhat semi-terete, with contracted
margins ; ribs filiform, bluntish ; furrows broad, furnished with
1 vitta each, and the commissure with 2. — Involucrum wanting,
or of 1 leaf; involucel of many leaves. Flowers white.
40 TRI'NIA. Margin of calyx obsolete. Flowers usually
dioecious from abortion. Petals of the male flowers lanceolate,
UMBELLIFER^E.
239
ending in an involute point; of the hermaphrodite flowers
ovate, with a short inflexed point. Fruit ovate ; ribs filiform,
rather prominent ; furrows without vittae, or furnished with 1
vitta each. Carpophore flat, bipartite from the base. — Umbels
disposed in a panicle or thyrse, without any involucra ; involu-
cels usually wanting.
41 HELOSCIA'DIUM. Margin of calyx 5-toothed, or obsolete.
Petals ovate, entire, with a straight or inflexed point. Styles
short. Fruit ovate or oblong ; ribs filiform, rather pro-
minent ; furrows furnished with 1 vitta each. Carpophore en-
tire. Involucra variable in the different sections.
42 DISCOPLEU'RA. Teeth of calyx 5, subulate, permanent
(f. 61. e.). Petals ovate, emarginate (f. 61. 6.), with a replicate
point (f. 61. /.). Fruit ovate (f. 61. c.). Three dorsal ribs
filiform, exserted, and acutish : 2 lateral ones somewhat con-
crete with the thick accessory margin, forming a disk on both sides
of the fruit : furrows furnished with 1 vitta each. Carpophore
bifid. — Involucels of a few linear setaceous leaflets (f. 61. g.).
43 LEPTOCAU'LIS. Margin of calyx obsolete (f. 62. a.).
Petals elliptic, entire. Styles permanent. Fruit ovate (f. 62. a.) ;
ribs hardly prominent ; furrows furnished with 1 vitta. Car-
pophore bifid at the very apex. — Involucra wanting ; involucels
short, few-leaved.
44 PTYCHO'TIS. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals obovate,
bifidly emarginate, furnished by a transverse plait in the middle,
which emits a little segment. Fruit ovate or oblong ; ribs fili-
form ; furrows furnished with 1 vitta each. Carpophore bipar-
tite.— Involucrum variable ; involucels of many leaves.
45 FALCA'RIA. Margin of calyx 5-toothed ; tube wanting in
the sterile flowers, but cylindrical in the fertile ones. Petals
obovate, curved, having a broad emarginate recess, with a re-
flexed point. Styles divaricate. Fruit oblong ; ribs filiform ;
carpophore distinct, bifid ; furrows furnished with 1 filiform vitta
each. — Involucrum of many leaves. Involucel somewhat di-
midiate from the inner leaflets being small on one side.
46 SI'SON. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals roundish,
curved, deeply emarginate, with an inflexed point. Styles very
short. Fruit ovate ; ribs filiform ; vittae 1 in each furrow,
short, rather club-shaped ; carpophore bipartite. — Involucra and
involucels of few leaves.
47 SCHU'LTZIA. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals elliptic,
with a short inflexed point. Stylopodium conical. Styles erect,
somewhat capitate at the apex, permanent. Fruit cylindrically
prismatic ; ribs filiform ; villas 1 in each furrow. Carpophore
undivided. — Involucra and involucels of many multifid leaves.
48 A'MMI. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obovate, with
an inflexed point, emarginately 2-lobed ; lobes unequal, irre-
gular ; those on the outside of the umbels the largest. Fruit
ovate-oblong ; ribs filiform ; vittse 1 in each furrow. Carpo-
phore distinct, 2-parted. — Involucra of many trifid or pinna-
tifid leaves ; involucels of many leaves.
49 JEGOPO'DIUM. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obovate.
emarginate, with an inflexed point. Stylopodium distinct, coni-
cal, terminated by the long deflexed styles. Fruit ovate ; ribs
filiform ; furrows without vittae ; carpophore setaceous, forked
at the apex. — Involucra and involucels wanting.
50 CA'RUM. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals regular, obo-
vate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Stylopodium de-
pressed ; styles deflexed. Fruit ovate or oblong, contracted from
the sides ; ribs filiform ; vittae 1 in each furrow, and 2 in the
commissure, which is flat ; carpophore distinct, forked at the
apex. — Involucra and involucels variable in the different spe-
cies.
51 CHAM^ESCIA'DIUM. Margin of calyx toothed a little. Pe-
tals ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, with an oblique or inflexed
point. Stylopodium depressed ; styles at length deflexed. Fruit
ovate-oblong ; mericarps solid ; ribs filiform ; vittae 3-4 in each
furrow, and 4-G in the commissure ; carpophore adnate, bifid at
the apex. — Involucra and involucels of many leaves.
52 BU'NIUM. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obovate,
emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit linear-oblong ; ribs
filiform, obtuse ; vittae 2-3 in each furrow, and 4 in the com-
missure, all superficial. Carpophore distinct, bifid. — Involu-
cra variable in the different species ; involucels of few leaves.
53 CRYPTOTJE'NIA. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obo-
vate, nearly entire, narrowed into an inflexed point. Fruit con-
tracted from the sides, linear-oblong, crowned by the short stylo-
podium and straight styles ; ribs filiform, obtuse : 2 lateral ones
placed in front of the margins ; vittae numerous in the furrows,
covered by a corky pericarp, and are not visible, unless when
the pericarps are cut transversely. — Involucra wanting ; invo-
lucels few-leaved.
54 PIMPINE'LLA. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obovate,
emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit ovate, contracted from
the sides, crowned by the cushion-like Stylopodium and styles,
which are reflexed and somewhat capitate at the apex : ribs fili-
form ; vittae numerous on the furrows ; carpophore distinct,
bifid. — Involucra and involucels wanting.
55 SI'UM. Margin of calyx 5-toothed, but at length obsolete.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Stylopo-
dium pulvinate, with a depressed margin. Styles divergingly
reflexed, somewhat capitate at the apex. Fruit compressed or
contracted from the sides, crowned by the Stylopodium and styles ;
ribs filiform, bluntish ; vittae many, both in the furrows and
commissure. Carpophore bipartite, having the mericarps ad-
hering to its parts. — Involucra of many leaves, rarely of 1 leaf;
involucels of many leaves.
56 BUPLEU'RUM. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals roundish,
entire, closely involute, ending in a broad retuse segment. Fruit
crowned by the depressed Stylopodium ; ribs winged, acute, fili-
form, or obsolete ; furrows either with or without vittae, smooth
or granular. — Involucra variable in the different species. Flowers
white, yellow, and greenish.
57 HETEROMORPHA. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals
roundish, entire, closely involute, ending in a broad retuse point.
Fruit obovately pear-shaped, 3 winged ; mericarps of 2 forms :
outer one 2-winged : inner one 3-winged ; the wings running
from the teeth of the calyx ; vittae 1 in each furrow, and 2 in
240
UMBELLIFERjE.
the commissure. — A shrub with yellow flowers and ternate leaves.
Involucra and involucels of many short leaves.
TRIBE V.
SESELI'NE.S. Fruit terete, or nearly so, with a transverse
section ; or the mericarps are rather compressed on the back,
with 5 Jiliform or winged ribs : the lateral ones marginating,
equal to the others, or broader. Seeds teretely convex on the
back. Raphe marginal or submarginal.
58 LICHTENSTEI'NIA. Margin of calyx acutely 5-toothed.
Petals elliptic, with a long, inflexed point. Fruit nearly terete,
crowned by the conical stylopodium and short styles; ribs fili-
form, equal ; vittae large solitary under the ribs, but none
in the furrows nor commissure. — Involucra and involucels of
many short leaves. Flowers yellow.
59 OTTOA. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals equal, with
an inflexed subulate point. Styles arched, capitate at the
apex. Fruit oblong, rather compressed at the commissure ;
ribs membranous. — Involucra and involucels none. Flowers
polygamous.
60 (ENA'NTHE. Margin of calyx 5-toothed, permanent.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Stylopo-
dium conical. Fruit cylindrfcally ovate, crowned by the long
erect styles ; ribs rather convex, obtuse, marginating ones rather
the broadest ; vittae 1 in each furrow ; carpophore indistinct — .
Involucra variable in the different species, sometimes wanting ;
involucels of many leaves.
61 ANNESORHI'ZA. Margin of calyx 5-toothed, permanent.
Petals elliptic, with an inflexed point. Fruit prismatically quad-
rangular, crowned by the calyx and reflexed styles ; mericarps
of 9. forms, one 3-winged, and the other 4-winged from the ribs;
vittae 1 in each furrow and 2 in the commissure. Carpophore
bipartite. — Involucra and involucels of many leaves.
62 SCLEROSCIA'DIUM. Calycine teeth 5, conical, permanent
(f. 56. F. h.). Petals obcordate, with an inflexed point (f. 56.
F. ft.), which is bi or tridentate at the apex. Stylopodium
conical ; styles filiform (f. 56. F. e.). Fruit ovate-globose, solid
(f. 56. F. g. h.} ; ribs much elevated, bluntish, equal ; vittae 1
in each furrow and 2 in the commissure ; carpophore distinct,
undivided (f. 56. F. k.). — Involucra almost wanting; involucels
of 5-7 leaves.
63 DASYLOMA. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals unknown.
Stylopodium depressed ; styles short. Fruit ovate ; mericarps
not separating at maturity ; ribs corky, cellular : 3 dorsal ones
small : 2 lateral ones large and obtuse ; furrows narrow, and i*
furnished with 1 vitta each, but the commissure is flat, and fur- V
nished with 2 ; carpophore indistinct. — Involucra and involucels
wanting.
64 CYNOSCIA'DIUM. Calycine teeth 5 (f. 63. c.), subulate,
permanent. Petals obovate, or nearly elliptic, entire, with an
inflexed point (f. 63. e.). Stylopodium conical ; styles short,
reflexed (f. 63. d.). Fruit oval-oblong or ovate (f. 63. 6.),
tapering at the apex ; ribs thick, corky ; vittae 1 in each furrow,
and 2 in the commissure. — Involucra and involucels of many
leaves (f. 63. /.#.)•
65 ^ETHU'SA. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obovate,
emarginate, with an inflexed point ; outer petals radiating. Fruit
ovate-globose ; ribs elevated, thick, acutely keeled : lateral ones
rather the broadest ; vittae 1 in each furrow, and 2 arched ones
in the commissure ; carpophore bipartite. — Involucrum wanting
or of 1 leaf; involucels of 1-3-5 leaflets, on one side of the
umbellule.
66 FOZNI'CULUM. Margin of calyx tumid, obsolete. Petals
roundish, entire, involute, with a rather quadrate retuse point;
ribs rather prominent, bluntly keeled : lateral ones rather the
broadest ; vittae 1 in each furrow, and 2 in the commissure. —
Involucra and involucels wanting, or nearly so. Flowers yellow.
67 KUNDMA'NNIA. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals
roundish, entire, involute, with a broad retuse point. Stylopo-
dium conical. Fruit terete, 10 -furrowed; mericarps with 5
filiform, obtuse, equal ribs ; vittse many, both in the furrows and
commissure ; carpophore undivided. — Involucra and involucels
of many filiform reflexed leaves.
68 DEVE'RRA. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals ovate, with
an inflexed acumen. Styles short. Fruit ovate or roundish,
hispid from scales or hairs ; mericarps semi-terete, with obsolete
ribs ; vittae 1 in each furrow, and 2 in the commissure. Carpo-
phore bipartite. — An aromatic almost leafless shrub. — Involucra
of 4-6 leaves ; involucels of 4-6 ovate-lanceolate leaves.
69 SORA'NTHUS. Margin of calyx obsoletely toothed. Petals
broadly ovate, acuminated, permanent, with an inflexed point.
Fruit a little compressed from the back : crowned by the diva-
ricate styles ; mericarps with 5, hardly prominent ribs ; vittae
1 in each furrow, and 4 in the commissure. Carpophore bipar-
tite.— Involucra nearly wanting ; involucels of 5-7 spreadingly
reflexed leaves.
70 SE'SELI. Margin of calyx 5-toothed; teeth short, thickish.
Petals obovate, emarginate or nearly entire, with an inflexed point
(f. 55. E. !.). Fruit (f. 55. E. d. f. 55. D. a. 6.) oval or
oblong, crowned by the reflexed styles (f. 55. E. b.) ; ribs fili-
form or elevated, rather prominent, thick, corky : lateral ones
a little broader than the rest ; vittae 1 in each furrow, sometimes
2 in the outer furrows, but always 2 or 4 in the commissure.
— Involucra almost wanting ; involucels of many leaves.
FIG. 55.
UMBELLIFER.E.
241
71 LIBANO'TIS. This genus agrees in every respect with
Seseli, but differs in the lobes of the calyx being slender, subu-
late, elongated (f. 55. F . c.), and coloured, deciduous. — Involucra
and involucels of many leaves.
72 CENOLOPHIUM. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obo-
vate, emarginate (f. 55. G.b.f.~), with an inflexed point (f. 55.
G. 1.) ; ribs equal, sharp, a little winged, hollow inside ; vittae
1 in each furrow, and 2 in the commissure. — Involucra want-
ing, or of 1 leaf; involucels of many leaves (f. 55. G. a.).
73 CNI'DIUM. Differs from Cenolbphium in the ribs of the
fruit being furnished with membranous wings. — Involucra va-
riable in the different species ; involucels of many leaves.
74 PETI'TIA. This genus differs from Seseli and Libanotis
by the margin of the calyx being entire ; and from Criidmm in
the petals not being emarginate, and in the ribs of the fruit not
being winged.
75 ENDRE'SSIA. This genus differs from all the rest in the
present tribe, in the fruit being compressed from the sides, in
the ribs being obtuse and filiform, not winged ; vittse 6 in the
commissure, and 3 or 4 in the furrows.
76 THA'SPIUM. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals elliptic,
with a long inflexed acumen. Fruit nearly elliptic ; ribs winged ;
vittae 1 in each furrow, and 2 in the commissure. — Involucra
wanting ; involucels of 3 leaves on one side.
77 TROCHISCA'NTHES. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals
on long claws, spatulately obovate, witli a triangular inflexed
segment ; ribs sharp, rather winged, equal ; vittse 3-4 in each
furrow, and 8 in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. — In-
volucrum wanting, or of 1 leaf; involucels of 2-5 leaves.
78 ATHAMA'NTHA. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals obovate
or entire : with a very short, inflexed, unguiculated point ; fruit
attenuated into a neck ; ribs filiform, wingless, equal ; vittae 2-3 in
each furrow. — Involucra few-leaved ; involucels of many leaves.
79 LIOU'STICUM. Margin of calyx 5-toothed or obsolete.
Petals obovate, acute, emarginate, with an inflexed point ; ribs
short, rather winged, equal ; vittae many, both in the furrows
and commissure. — Involucra variable ; involucels many-leaved.
80 SILA'US. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obovate-
oblong, entire, or rather emarginate, with an inflexed point ; ribs
sharp, rather winged, equal : vittae many in each furrow, and
so close together as to appear one ; commissure furnished with
4-6 vittae. — Involucra wanting or of few leaves ; involucels of
many leaves. Flowers cream-coloured or greenish.
81 WALLRO'THIA. Calycine teeth 5, ovate-lanceolate, acute
(f. 56. A. 6.). Petals elliptic, entire, acute at both ends (f. 56.
A, d,). Mericarps with rather prominent, equal ribs ; vittae
numerous in the furrows. — Involucra of 1-3 unequal leaves;
involucels of 5-8 unequal leaves.
82 ME'UM. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals entire, ellip-
tic, acute at both ends. Mericarps with rather prominent, equal,
keeled ribs ; vittee many in each furrow, and 6-8 in the commis-
sure.— Involucra wanting ; involucels of many leaves.
83 GA'YA. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obovate, more
or less emarginate, with a broad inflexed point. Fruit oval, a
little compressed; ribs elongated, wing-formed, contiguous at
VOL. HI.
the base, at equal distances, obtuse ; vittae none. Carpophore
bipartite. — Involucra few-leaved.
84 CONIOSELINUM. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals ob-
cordate or obovate, with an inflexed point. Styles at length
reflexed. Fruit compressed or convex from the back ; ribs
winged : lateral ones twice the breadth of the rest ; vittae 3 in
each furrow, but in the dorsal furrows sometimes only 2 : and 4-8
unequal ones in the commissure ; carpophore bipartite. — Invo-
lucra wanting, or of few leaves ; involucels of 5-7 linear-subu-
late leaves.
85 CRI'THMUM. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals roundish,
entire, involute, with an obovate point. Mericarps with 5 ele-
vated, sharp, somewhat winged ribs : the lateral ribs a little
broader than the rest ; pericarp spongy from large cells.— Invo-
lucra and involucels of many leaves. Seed semi-terete, consti-
tuting a distinct nucleus, covered with copious vittae.
TRIBE VI.
ANGELI'CE.*:. Fruit compressed from the back, girded by 2
wings on each side, from the raphe being central, or nearly so ;
mericarps furnished with 5 ribs: the 3 dorsal ribs Jiliform or
winged: and the 2 lateral ones always expanded into wings,
and broader than the dorsal ones. Seed rather convex on the
back, andjlatlish in front.
86 LEVI'STICUM. Margin of calyx entire. Petals incurved
roundish, entire, with a short point. Mericarps with 5 wings ;
wings of the lateral ribs the broadest ; vittae 1 in each furrow,
and 2-4 in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. — Involucra
and involucels of many leaves.
87 SELINUM. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obovate>
emarginate. Mericarps with 5 membranous wings ; the wings
of the lateral ribs twice the breadth of the rest; vittae 1 in each
furrow, but in the outer ones usually 2, and always 2 in the
commissure. Carpophore bipartite. — Involucrum of few leaves;
involucels of many leaves.
88 OSTE'RICUM. Calyx 5-toothed ; teeth broad. Petals un-
guiculate, obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Meri-
carps with 5 ribs : the 3 dorsal ones elevated and filiform : the
2 lateral ones dilated into wings, much broader than the rest ;
vittae 1 in each furrow. Carpophore bipartite. — Involucra of
few leaves ; involucels of many leaves.
89 ANOE'LICA. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals lanceolate,
entire, with a straight or incurved point. Mericarps with 5 ribs :
the 3 dorsal ones filiform and elevated : and the 2 lateral ones
dilated into membranous wings, which are broader than the
rest ; vittae 1 in each furrow. Carpophore bipartite, — Involu-
crum wanting, or of few leaves ; involucels of many leaves.
90 ARCHANGE'LICA. Margin of calyx with 5 short teeth.
Petals elliptic, entire, with an incurvid point. Mericarps with 5
thickish, keeled ribs : the 3 dorsal ones elevated : and the 2
lateral ones dilated into wings. Seed not adhering to its cover-
ing, but constituting a free nucleus, covered all over with copious
vittae. Carpophore bipartite. — Involucra nearly wanting ; in-
volucels of many leaves, unilateral.
TRIBE VII.
PEUCEDA'NE.E. Fruit compressed from the back, or lenlicularly
Ii
212
UMBELLIFER^:.
compressed, girded by a smooth, winged, flattened, or rather con-
vex, dilated, entire margin. Mericarps nith SJiliform ribs, rarely
•winged; lateral ribs contiguous to the dilated margin, or lost in it.
Raphe marginal, hence the fruit is only furnished with 1 ning on
each side, not nith Z wings, as in the last tribe, where the raphe
is central. Seed flattened, or rather convex on the back.
91 OPO'PANAX. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals roundish,
entire, involute, with an acutish point. Stylopodium broad, thick ;
styles very short ; mericarps with 3 dorsal, filiform, very slender
ribs : the 2 lateral ones wanting, or not distinct from the margin ;
vittse 3 in each furrow, and C-10 in the commissure. Seed flat.
— Involucra and involucels of many leaves. Flowers yellow.
92 FE'RULA. Margin of calyx with 5 short teeth. Petals
ovate, entire, with an ascending or incurved point. Fruit
girded by a dilated flat margin ; mericarps with 3 dorsal filiform
ribs : the 2 lateral ones very obsolete, or not distinct from the
dilated margin ; vittae 3 or more in the dorsal furrows, and 4 or
more in the commissure. Seed flat. Carpophore bipartite. —
Involucra and involucels variable. Flowers yellow.
93 DORE'MA. The large, cup-shaped, epigynous disk, and
the solitary vittae in the furrows of the fruit, distinguish this
genus from Ferula and Opopanax. The flowers being com-
pletely sessile is also a remarkable character.
94 ERIOSY'NAPHE. Calyx bluntly 5-toothed. Petals ovate,
entire, with a short, incurved point (f. 56. E. /.). Fruit com-
pressed (f. 56. E. k.) from the back, girded by a thickish margin :
the 3 dorsal ribs filiform : and the 2 lateral ones running into
the thickish margin, which is spongy inside ; furrows broad,
2-3-striped, bearing 2-3 vittae in each ; and the commissure is
without vittae, but marked with a middle nerve and 2 marginal
ones, rather hollow and tomentose between the nerves. Seed
flattish. — Involucra and involucels wanting. Flowers yellow.
95 PALI'MBIA. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals elliptic,
with an acute inflexed point. Fruit oblong or oval. Mericarps
compressed from the back : with 5 filiform, bluntish ribs : 2 mar-
ginal ones a little broader than the rest ; vittae 3 in each furrow,
and 2 broad ones in the commissure. Seed oblong, free, striped.
— Involucrum few-leaved or wanting. Flowers cream-coloured.
96 PEUCEDA'NUM. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals obo-
vate, emarginate, or entire, with an inflexed point. Fruit girded
by a flat margin ; the 3 dorsal ribs filiform : and the 2 lateral
ones more obsolete, contiguous to the dilated margin ; vittae in
each furrow usually 1, and in the commissure 2. Carpophore
bipartite. Seed flat in front. — Involucra variable in the different
species ; involucels of many leaves.
97 IMPERATORIA. All as in Peucedanum, but the margin of the
calyx is obsolete. — Involucra wanting ; involucels of few leaves.
98 CALLI'SACE. Margin of calyx rather 5-toothed, or nearly
obsolete. Petals oval, with an incurved point. Fruit nearly
orbicular, emarginate at the base, with a winged margin ; the 3
dorsal ribs obtuse and nerve-formed : the 2 lateral ones ex-
panded into wings, which lie over the whole surface : vittae 1
in each furrow, and 1 on each side of the commissure. Forks
of carpophore adhering to the mericarps. — Involucra wanting, or
of few leaves ; involucels of many setaceous leaves.
1
99 BUVBON. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obovate, en-
tire, with an acute involute point. Fruit girded by a flattened,
dilated margin ; the 3 intermediate ribs filiform, and the 2 lateral
ones going into the margins ; vittae covering the whole seed, 4
dorsal and 2 in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed
flat in front and convex on the back. — Cape shrubs. Involucra
and involucels of many leaves. Flowers greenish yellow.
100 ANE'THUM. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals roundish,
entire, with a rather square refuse point. Fruit girded by a flat
margin ; the 3 intermediate ribs acutely keeled, and the 2 lateral
ones more obsolete, and running into the margin ; vittae broad,
solitary in the furrows, and filling them, and twin in the commis-
sure. Seed rather convex on the back. — Involucra and invo-
lucels wanting. Flowers yellow.
101 CORTIA. Teeth of calyx elongated, acute. Petals lan-
ceolate, acuminated, entire. Stylopodium conical ; styles di-
verging. Fruit elliptic, rather retuse at both ends ; ribs winged :
lateral one the broadest ; vittse 1 in each furrow, and 2 in the
commissure, which is flat. Seed flattish. — Involucra of 2-3 mul-
tifid leaves ; involucels of 5 linear, entire, or 2-3-cleft leaves.
102 CAPNOPHY'LLUM. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals ob-
long, rather emarginate, tapering into an inflexed acumen. Fruit
girded by a flat, dilated margin ; the 3 intermediate ribs thickish,
keeled, rather flexuous, tubercular : the 2 lateral ones going
into the dilated margin ; vittae 1 in each furrow, and 2 in the
commissure. Seed rather convex on the back. — Involucra and
involucels of 3-6 leaves.
103 TIEDEMA'NNIA. Margin of calyx 5-toothed (f. 64. a.).
Petals acuminated, reflexed. Fruit nearly ovate (f. 64. c.);
mericarps with 5 filiform, subcarinated, approximate ribs : lateral
ones dilated into a membranous margin, which is nearly the
breadth of the fruit ; vittae solitary in the furrows, and filling
them, and twin in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite.
Seed flat. — Involucra and involucels of 4-5 subulate leaves.
104 ARCIIEMO'RA. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals ob-
cordate, with an inflexed point. Fruit compressed from the back,
oval or obovate ; mericarps with 5 filiform, rather keeled, ap-
proximate ribs : lateral ribs dilated into a broad membrane ;
vittae solitary in the furrows, and filling them, and twin in the
commissure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed flattened. — Involucra
wanting or few-leaved ; involucels of many leaves.
105 PASTINA'CA. Margin of calyx obsolete, or minutely den-
ticulated. Petals roundish, entire, involute, with a broad retuse
point. Fruit compressed from the back, girded by a flat dilated
margin : the 3 intermediate ribs filiform, equidistant : lateral ones
contiguous to the dilated margin ; vittse linear, acute, hardly
shorter than the ribs, solitary in the furrows, and twin or more in
the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed flattened. — In-
volucra and involucels wanting or few-leaved. Flowers yellow.
106 LEIOTULUS. Teeth of calyx obsolete. Petals roundish,
entire, involute, with a broad retuse segment. Fruit compressed,
with a thickened dilated smooth margin ; the 3 intermediate
ribs approximate, and the 2 lateral ones marginal and remote ;
vittae 1 in each furrow, filiform, distant in the commissure. In-
volucra wanting ; involucels of a few very fine leaves.
UMBELLIFER^E.
243
107 ASTYDA'MIA. Margin of calyx 5-toothed (f. 56. D. a. d.
/.)• Petals obovate, entire, with an inflexed point. Stylopodium
thick ; styles very short (f. 56. D.g.). Fruit compressed from
the back (f. 56. D. k.), girded by a thick dilated margin ; the 3
dorsal ribs crested, approximate : the 2 lateral ones running into
the margin ; dorsal vittae very few, the commissural ones wanting
or covered. — Involucra and involucels of many leaves. Flowers
yellow.
108 SYMPHYOI.6MA. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals equal,
emarginate, with an inflexed point. Stylopodium without a mar-
gin ; styles reflexed. Fruit elliptic, compressed from the back ;
mericarps closely connate by their margins ; with 5 filiform ribs :
3 dorsal ribs equi-distant : lateral ones more remote, margin-
ating ; vittae wanting or obsolete. Seed flattened. Carpophore
none. Flowers red.
109 HERACLE'UM. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals obovate, emar-
ginate, with an inflexed point : exterior petals usually radiating
and bifid. Fruit compressed from the back, girded by a flat, di-
lated margin ; mericarps with very fine ribs : 3 dorsal ones equi-
distant : 2 lateral ones remote, contiguous to the dilated margin :
vittae 4 on the back, solitary in the furrows, but usually with 2
in the commissure, all shorter than the fruit, and usually club-
shaped ; carpophore bipartite. Seed flat. — Involucra caducous,
usually of few leaves ; involucels of many leaves.
110 ZOZI'MIA. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals obovate, emargi-
nate, with an inflexed point. Fruit compressed from the back,
rather convex in the middle, hairy, girded by a smooth, thick-
ened, dilated margin ; ribs very thin : dorsal ones at equal dis-
tances : 2 lateral ones more remote, contiguous to the dilated
margin ; vittse covering the whole seed, solitary in the furrows,
and twin in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed flat.
— Involucra and involucels of many leaves.
111 POLYTS'NIA. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals oval, emargi-
nate, with an inflexed point. Fruit oval, compressed on the
back, convex in the middle, glabrous ; with a smooth tumid
margin, and a depressed furrow on the back ; ribs very
slender, hardly distinct ; vittae twin between the ribs, but 6 in
the commissure ; carpophore indistinct. Seed flat. — Involucra
none ; involucels setaceous.
112 JOHRENIA. Teeth of calyx obsolete, very blunt. Petals
unknown. Stylopodium short, conical, furrowed a little. Styles
short, diverging. Fruit oval, lenticularly compressed on the
back (f. 56. C. &.), quite glabrous; with a smooth tumid mar-
gin, and a flat, dorsal, coloured furrow ; mericarps with 3 dor-
sal, filiform ribs, which probably contain villas : 2 lateral ones
running into the dilated margin, hardly distinct, usually rufous,
and the form of vittae ; commissure spongy, furnished with 2
lines, but without vittae. Carpophore 2-parted(f. 56. C.b.a.).
Seed flat. — Involucrum wanting, or of 1 leaf; involucels of 4-5
linear, setaceous leaves.
TRIBE VIII.
TORDYLI'NE.*:. Fruit lenticularly or flatly compressed from
the back, girded by a thickened, nodulose, or plaited, dilated mar-
gin. Mericarps with 5 veryjine or obsolete ribs : lateral ones con-
tiguous to the dilated margin, or forming the same. Seeds flat-
tened. This tribe differs from Peucedaneee in the margin of the
fruit being plaited or nodulose, not smooth and entire.
113 HASSELQUI'STIA. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals
obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point ; outer petals radi-
ating and bifid. The outer fruit of the umbel are compressed,
girded by an accessory, winged, thickened margin, which is
hardly wrinkled ; those of the disk dissimilar : one of the meri-
carps contracted into an hemispherical urceolus around the other,
which is abortive ; ribs very slender : the 3 dorsal ones equi-
distant : and the 2 lateral ones contiguous to the thickened mar-
gin, or hidden by it ; vittae 1 in each furrow, and 2 in the com-
missure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed flat. — Involucra of many
leaves.
114 TORDY'LIUM. All as in Hasselquistia, except that the
vittae are either solitary or numerous in the furrows, and either
2 or more in the commissure ; and in the fruit being equal, and
girded by a tubercularly wrinkled, accessory, thickened margin.
— Involucra of many leaves.
115 TORDYLOPSIS. Margin of calyx 5-toothed ; teeth acute :
outer teeth the largest, dilated at the base, and cuspidate at
the apex. Outer petals of umbels larger, and obcordately 2-
lobed : the rest smaller, ovate, and cuspidate, usually entire, rarely
somewhat 2-lobed. Stylopodium conical. Styles erect, elon-
gated. Fruit hairy. — Involucra and involucels of 5-6 lanceolate-
linear leaves.
* * Fruit furnished with both primary and secondary ribs.
TRIBE IX.
SILERI'KE*. Fruit lenlicularly compressed from the back.
Mericarps with 5 primary ribs : the lateral ones marginating ;
and usually with 4 secondary, less prominent ones ; all filiform
and wingless. Seeds flattish in the front.
116 KRUBE'RA. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals obo-
vate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Mericarps with 5
plicately crenated, thick ribs : the 3 intermediate elevated, ob-
tuse, and keeled : 2 lateral marginating and roundish, keeled
near the raphe ; vittae none. Carpophore bifid. — Involucra 2-
5-leaved ; involucels 4-5-leaved.
117 PACHYPLEU'RUM. Margin of calyx obsolete, or minutely
denticulated. Petals permanent ; those of the inner flowers
obovate-oblong, emarginate, with an acute, inflexed point ; those
of the ray flowers of 2 forms : the 3 inner, ovate, hardly emar-
ginate, with an acute inflexed point : 2 outer nearly orbicular,
and profoundly emarginate, also with an inflexed point. Meri-
carps with elevated, thick, and corky ribs : the lateral ones mar-
ginating, and a little broader than the others ; vittae none — In-
volucra and involucels of many leaves.
118 AGASY'LLIS. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals lanceo-
late, incurved. Fruit oval. Mericarps with 5 primary ribs :
the 2 lateral ones placed in front of the accessory margin ; the
secondary ribs hardly visible. Seeds furnished with 8-10 dorsal
vittae, and 5-6 commissural ones. — Involucra wanting; invo-
lucels of many setaceous leaves.
119 STENOCCEVLIUM. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals
obovately orbicular, somewhat emarginate, with art inflexed
I i 2
244
UMBELLIFERjE.
point. Mericarps with 5 rounded, thick, equal ribs ; vittse 1 in
each furrow. — Involucra and involucels of many leaves.
120 SIVLER. Margin of calyx S-toothed. Petals obovate,
emarginate, with an inflexed point. Ribs filiform, elevated, ob-
tuse : primary ones 5 : lateral ones of these marginating : secon-
dary ones 4, less prominent ; vittae 1 in each furrow, under the
secondary ribs. — Involucra none, or few-leaved, caducous.
121 GA'LBANUM. This genus differs from Slier in the absence
of dorsal villas to the fruit, and the commissure being furnished
with only 2.
TRIBE X.
CUMI'NES. Fruit contracted from the sides ; mericarps with
5 filiform, primary ribs : the lateral ones of these marginaling ;
and 4 secondary more prominent ones ; all wingless. Seed
straight, flattish in front.
122 CUMI'NUM. Calyx with 5 lanceolate, unequal, permanent
teeth. Petals oblong, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Pri-
mary ribs minutely muricated : secondary ones prickly ; vittae
1 in each furrow under the secondary ribs. Carpophore bipar-
tite. Seed concave in front, and convex on the back. — Involucra
of 2-4 simple or divided leaves ; the involucels dimidiate, of 2-4
reflexed leaves.
123 TREPOCA'RPUS. Calyx with 5 subulate teeth, which fall
off at length. Petals obcordate, inflexedly emarginate. Fruit
pyramidly angular, nearly terete ; mericarps convex on the
back ; primary ribs margined with a fuscous, vittse-formed line
on each side ; secondary ones furnished with 1 vitta on their
inner side ; commissure thick, furrowed in the middle, and fur-
nished with vittae inside. Seed straight, rather compressed on
the back. — Involucra 1-S-leaved ; involucels dimidiate, of 4-5
linear, unequal leaves.
TRIBE XI.
THAPSIE'JE. Fruit compressed from the back ; mericarps with 5
filiform primary ribs, which are now and then bristly : lateral ones
seated in the jlat commissure ; secondary 4 : inner ones of these
Jiliform, and the outer ones or all are winged : wings undivided,
hence the fruit is either 8-ninged, or furnished with 2 wings on
each side. Seed flattish, or teretely convex, flat in front.
124 THA'PSIA. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals elliptic,
entire, with an inflexed or involute point ; 2 lateral secondary
ribs winged, hence the fruit is 2-winged on each side ; furrows
under the secondary ribs furnished with 1 vitta each. Carpo-
phore bipartite. Seed flattish. — Involucra and involucels want-
ing, or of few leaves. Flowers yellow.
125 CYMO'PTERUS. Calyx minutely 5-toothed. Petalsround-
ish-oval, inflexed at the apex. Fruit nearly elliptic, compressed,
7-8-winged, from all the secondary ribs being winged; wings
undulated ; furrows flat, 1-nerved ; commissure naked, 3-striped.
Carpophore not separable from the mericarps. — Involucra want-
ing ; involucels dimidiate, 5-7-parted.
126 LASERPI'TIUM. Margin of calyx 5-toothed (f. 55. C./.).
Petals obovate, emarginate (f. 55. C. a,), with an inflexed point
(f. 55. C. i.). Fruit compressed from the back (f. 55. C. g.),
or nearly terete, 8-winged, in consequence of the 8 secondary
nerves being winged ; vittae 1 in each furrow, unde r the secon
dary ribs. Carpophore free, bipartite (f. 55. C. k.~). — Involucra
and involucels of many leaves.
127 LOPHOSCIA'DIUM. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals
elliptic, entire, acuminated, involute at the apex (f. 55. B. rf.).
Fruit compressed (f. 55. B. e.) on the back ; the 2 lateral second-
ary ribs expanded into a subserrated wing each : the 2 dorsal ones
expanded into an interrupted wing each, at first sight appearing
like retrograde scales (f. 55. B. e.~). — Involucra of 5-7 ovate-
lanceolate leaves (f. 55. B. a.); involucels of 5-7 narrower leaves
(f. 55. B. &.). Flowers yellow.
128 MELANOSELINOM. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals
obovate, emarginate, with a reflexed point. Fruit compressed
from the back ; the 2 inner secondary ribs filiform and very
slender : the 2 outer ones expanded into a membranous serrated
wing each ; with oleiferous canals under all the ribs. Carpo-
phore bipartite. Seed flat. — A shrub. Involucra and involu-
cels of many leaves, the first composed of cut leaves, and the
second of entire leaves.
TRIBE XII.
DAUCI'NE.E. Fruit lenticularly compressed from the back ;
mericarps with 5 bristly, Jiliform, primary ribs ; lateral ones of
these seated in the flat commissure, as in Thapsiece ; and with 4
secondary ones, which are more prominent and prickly ; the
prickles free, or joined into a wing. Seeds flattish, or subsemi-
terete, or convex on the back, and flatfish in front.
129 ARTE'DIA. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obovate,
emarginate, with an inflexed point : those on the outer part of
the umbel radiating and bipartite. Secondary ribs 4 : the 2 inner
ones filiform : the outer ones expanded into a sinuately lobed
wing each ; vittae none. Carpophore bipartite. Seed flat.
— Leaves of involucra and involucels divided into linear lobes.
130 ORLA'YA. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals obovate,
emarginate, with an inflexed point : those in the ray of the umbel
profoundly bifid. Secondary ribs of fruit furnished with 2 or 3
rows of prickles, outer ones more prominent, or a little winged ;
prickles hooked or rayed at the apex ; vittae 1 in each furrow
under the secondary ribs. Carpophore bifid or undivided ?
Seed convex on the back. — Involucra variable ; involucels of
many leaves.
131 DAU'CUS. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals obovate,
emarginate, with an inflexed point : outer ones usually radiating,
and profoundly bifid. Fruit oval or oblong ; the 4 secondary
ribs more prominent and winged, divided into a simple series of
prickles ; vittae 1 in each furrow, under the secondary ribs.
Seed flattish in front. — Involucra of many trifid or pinnatifid
leaves ; involucels of many entire or trifid leaves.
SUBORDER II. CAMPYLOSPE'RMJE. Albumen involute, or
marked by a longitudinal furrow or channel on the inner side.
§ 1 . Mericarps furnished with both primary and secondary
ribs.
TRIBE XIII.
Fruit cylindrical, mere compressed from the
UMBELLIFERjE.
245
back than from the sides ; mericarps rvith 5 primary filiform ribs ;
and 4 secondary ones : the 2 dorsal ones of these last nerve-
formed, but the 2 lateral ones are expanded into a wing each ; rvith
the margins nerve or rib-formed. Seeds involute, semi-lunate.
132 EL^EOSELINUM. Margin of calyx hardly 5-toothed. Pe-
tals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit nearly
terete, 4-winged ; the 2 lateral primary ribs seated between the
wings and the nerve-formed margins ; vittse under all the ribs
abounding in oil, those under the primary ribs narrower and
slenderer : in the commissure there are 4. — Involucra and invo-
lucels of many cuspidate, linear leaves. Flowers yellow.
TRIBE XIV.
CAUCAII'NE*:. Fruit contracted from the sides, or nearly terete.
Mericarps with 5 Jiliform, bristly, or prickly, primary ribs :
lateral ones of these seated in the commissure, nhich is fiat ; the
secondary 4 more prominent and very prickly. Seeds involute, or
inflexed on the margin.
133 CAU'CALIS. Teeth of calyx 5, ovate-lanceolate. Petals
obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point: outer ray ones
profoundly bifid. Fruit rather compressed from the sides ;
secondary ribs deeply cleft into a simple series of prickles ; vittae
solitary in each furrow, under the secondary ribs, and 2 in the
commissure. Carpophore stiff, cleft at the apex. — Involucra
none, or of 1-2 leaves ; involucels of 3-8 lanceolate leaves.
134 TURGE'NIA. Teeth of calyx 5, setaceous. Petals obo-
vate, emarginate, with an inflexed point : outer ones radiating
and bifid. Fruit subdidymous ; lateral primary ribs with a
simple series of warts or prickles, all the rest furnished with 2
or 3 rows of equal prickles ; furrows furnished with 1 vittse
each under the secondary ribs. Carpophore setaceous, bifid. —
Involucra and involucels of 3-5 ovate, concave, equal leaves.
135 TORI'LIS. Teeth of calyx 5, triangularly lanceolate, acute,
permanent. Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point :
outer ones larger and bifid. Secondary ribs having abundance
of prickles occupying the whole furrows, which are furnished
with 1 vitta each under the prickles. Carpophore setaceous,
bifid. Involucra of 1-5 leaves; involucels of 5-6 lanceolate
ciliated leaves.
§ 2. Mericarps only furnished rvith primary ribs.
TRIBE XV.
SCANDICI'NEJE- Fruit evidently compressed, or contracted from
the sides, usually beaked ; mericarps with 5 Jiliform ribs, nhich
are at length winged : lateral ribs marginating, all equal, but
sometimes all obliterated at the base, and only conspicuous at the
apex. Seeds teretely convex, having a deep furrow in front, or
somewhat involute on the margin.
136 SCA'NDIX. Margin of calyx obsolete, or somewhat 5-
toothed. Petals obovate, truncate, or emarginate, usually fur-
nished with an inflexed point. Fruit compressed from the sides,
with a very long beak ; vittae wanting, or nearly obsolete. Car-
pophore undivided, forked at the apex — Involucra wanting, or
of 1 leaf; involucels of 5-7 leaves.
137 ANTHRI'SCUS. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obo-
vate, truncate, or emarginate, with a very short inflexed point.
Fruit con traded from the sides : having a beak, which is shorter
than the seed ; mericarps nearly terete, destitute of ribs, the
beak alone being furnished with 5 ribs. Carpophore bifid at
the apex. — Involucra wanting ; involucels of many leaves.
138 CH;EROPHY'LLCM. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals
obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit compressed
from the sides, without any beak ; commissure deep ; vittae 1
in each furrow. Carpophore bifid. — Involucra wanting, or of
few leaves ; involucels of many leaves.
139 CALDA'SIA. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals ovate,
with an entire somewhat involute point. Fruit ovate-oblong,
rather compressed from the sides, crowned by the short diverg-
ing styles ; furrows between the ribs broad, flat, striated, and
furnished with 1 vitta each ; commissure furrowed in the mid-
dle. Carpophore bipartite. Seed rather convolute at the com-
missure.— Umbels simple, surrounded by a 20 -leaved invo-
lucrum.
140 SPHALLEROCA'RPUS. Teeth of calyx 5, subulate. Petals
obovate-cuneated, emarginate, with an inflexed point (f. 56. L.
b.) : the outer ones of the umbel radiating. Stylopodium rather
urceolate, toothed ; styles short. Fruit elliptic-oblong (f. 56.
L. d.), contracted from the sides, without a beak ; furrows be-
tween the ribs convex, furnished with 2-3 vittas each, and the
commissure with 4-6. Carpophore bipartite (f. 56. L. A.). —
Involucra wanting ; involucels of 5-6 lanceolate leaves (f. 56.
L. a.).
141 MOLOPOSPE'RMUM. Calyx 5-toothed, foliaceous. Petals
lanceolate, entire, ending in a long ascending point. Fruit con-
tracted from the • sides. Mericarps with 5 winged ribs. Seed
bluntly tetragonal or angular ; channels empty between the seed
and the commissure of the pericarp ; furrows having 1 broad
brown vitta each, but the commissure is very narrow, and
without any vittae. Carpophore bipartite. — Involucra of many
elongated, membranous leaves, which are sometimes multifid ;
involucel of many leaves.
142 VELJEA. Margin of calyx obliterated. Petals unknown.
Stylopodium conically depressed, short (f. 56. G. b.) ; styles
erect, filiform. Fruit ovate (f. 56. G. e. b.), without a beak ;
mericarps rather compressed from the sides, with 5 ribs : the 2
lateral ones filiform, and the 3 dorsal ones winged ; vittae 3, and
sometimes 2 in each furrow, and 4 in the commissure. Carpo-
phore bipartite (f. 56. G. h.) from the base. — Involucra and in-
volucels none.
143 MY'RRHIS. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obovate,
emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit compressed from the
sides. Seeds involute, covered by a double membrane : outer
membrane furnished with 5 acutely keeled, sharp, equal ribs,
hollow inside : inner one adnate to the seed ; vittae none. Carpo-
phore cleft at the apex. — Involucra none ; involucels of many
lanceolate ciliated leaves.
144 OSMORHIZA. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obovate,
hardly emarginate, with a short inflexed' point. Fruit elon-
246
UMBELLIFERjE.
gated, tapering into a tail at the base, solid, acutely angular ;
mericarps with hispid, rather furrowed angles ; ribs 5, acute ;
commissure furrowed ; furrows flat, without vittae. Carpo-
phore semi-bifid. — Involucra of 2-3 lanceolate, ciliated leaves ;
involucels of 5 lanceolate, ciliated leaves.
145 GRAMMOSCIA'DIUM. Teeth of calyx stiff (f. 56. H. g.),
permanent. Petals obcordate, with an inflexed point. Styles
short, conical (f. 56. H. 6.), diverging. Fruit cylindrical (f. 56.
H. a. b.), without a beak; mericarps with 5 primary, flattish
white ribs; furrows flat, furnished with 1 vitta each, and the
commissure with 2. — Involucra of 5-7 multifid leaves ; involucels
of linear-subulate, rarely cut leaves (f. 56. H. e.).
TKIBE XVI.
SMY'RNE^E. Fruit turgid, usually compressed, or contracted
from the sides ; mericarps with 5 ribs : lateral ones marginating,
or situated in front of the margin ; the ribs sometimes almost obli-
terated. Seed involute, or with a furrow on the inside, semi-
lunar or complicate.
146 LAGCE'CIA. Calycine lobes large, pectinated. Petals
obcordately bifid, shorter than the calyx ; lobes awned. Ova-
rium 2-celled, with 1 of the cells abortive. The fruit is there-
fore ovate, crowned by the calyx, pubescent : marked by a fur-
row on one side, indicating the place of the abortive seed. — In-
volucra of 8-10 pectinated leaves ; and the involucel of 4.
147 OLIVE'RIA. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals pro-
foundly obcordate : lobes involute on the margin at the base,
and excavated at the sides, undulated and reflexed at the apex.
Fruit obovate, hairy : mericarps nearly terete ; with 5 blunt
ribs. Carpophore bifid at the apex. — Involucra of 3-4 trifid
leaves, with the lobes usually tridentate ; involucels of many
cuneiform, trifid leaves.
148 ANISOSCIA'DIUM. Calycine lobes of the outer flowers of
the umbel, large, ovate, and foliaceous : of the outer central ones
stiff and hooked : of the other inner ones wanting or tooth-
formed. Petals very unequal : outer ones obcordately bifid :
inner ones small. Fruit rather downy, oblong-cylindrical,
crowned by the calyx, and stiff conical styles ; mericarps with
5 blunt ribs ; vittse brown, 1 in each furrow, but none in the
commissure. — Involucra of 4-5 oblong, acute, unequal leaves ;
involucels of 4-5 leaves.
149 ECHINOPHORA. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals
emarginate, with an inflexed point : outer ones larger and bifid.
Styles of the female flowers elongated, filiform (f. 65. A.). Fruit
ovate (f. 65. c.), nearly terete, inclosed in a hollow receptacle :
with a short, emersed beak ; mericarps with 5 undulated, equal
depressed ribs ; vittae covered with a cobwebbed membrane, 1
in each furrow. — Involucra and involucels of many leaves (f.
65. a.).
150 EXOACA'NTHA. Flowers polygamous : central ones fertile,
the rest sterile. Calyx in the sterile flowers obsolete. Petals
obcordate, equal, inflexed. Young fruit of the sterile flowers
obovate, striated ; of the central flowers much more ovate, some-
what papillose, and crowned by 1 5 elongated stiff bristles. —
Involucra of 10-12 large, channelled, spinose leaves ; involucels
of 7-11 spinose, very unequal leaves on one side.
151 ARCTOPUS. Flowers polygamous. Margin of calyx 5-
toothed. Petals lanceolate, with an incurved acute entire point.
Fruit ovate, beaked, crowned by the calyx, conferruminated from
the base to the middle with the involucrum, depressed in front,
and marked by a furrow, not separable into 2 parts, but bilo-
cular, 1 of the cells abortive. — Involucra of 4-5 concrete leaves.
152 CA'CHRYS. Margin of calyx 5-toothed, rarely obsolete.
Petals ovate, entire, involute at the apex or inflexed. Stylo-
podium depressed, hardly distinct in the mature fruit. Meri-
carps with 5 thick ribs, variable in the different sections of the
genus ; commissure almost the breadth of the mericarps. Seed
constituting a free nucleus covered with abundance of vittae, —
Involucra and involucels of many leaves. Flowers yellow.
153 PRA'NGOS. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals ovate,
entire, involute at the apex. Stylopodium depressed, hardly
prominent in the fruit. Commissure broad. Mericarps com-
pressed from the back, with 5 smooth ribs, which are thick at
the base, and ending in vertical membranous wings on the back.
Seed girded by an abundance of vittae. — Flowers yellow.
154 COLLADONIA. Margin of calyx entire. Petals oval, en-
tire, involute at the apex. Stylopodium depressed, hardly pro-
minent in the fruit. Mericarps compressed from the sides, end-
ing in 5 vertical membranous wings on the back, having 1 vitta
in each furrow ; commissure narrow, furnished with 2 vittae. —
Involucra and involucels of many undivided leaves.
155 LECOKIA. Margin of calyx with 5 short teeth. Petals
ovate, with an inflexed point. Stylopodia 2, distinct. Styles
subulate. Fruit ovate, didymous, with a narrow commissure ;
mericarps semi-terete, with 5 obtuse, spongy ribs, which are
beset with prickles on all sides. Seeds girded by copious vittae.
Involucels of 5-8 subulate leaves.
156 MAGYDA'RIS. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obcor-
date, with an inflexed point. Fruit ovate (f. 56. /. b.), tomen-
tose ; mericarps with 5 thick, blunt ribs, and narrow furrows.
Seeds clothed on every side with very slender vittae, convex
on the outside, and involute with a deep furrow on the in-
side.^ — Involucra and involucels present, of many undivided
leaves.
157 HE'RMAS. Margin of calyx 5-parted, foliaceous, per-
manent. Petals oval-oblong, acute, keeled, entire, equal. Fruit
ovate ; mericarps rather inflated, compressed from the back,
5 ribbed : the dorsal rib exserted : the 2 middle ones larger :
and the 2 marginal ones small, under the commissure ; vittae
many in the furrows between the ribs, which are broad. Seed
not adnate to its covering, rather hollow inside. — Involucra of
many leaves ; involucels of 3 leaves.
158 C6NIUM. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obcordate,
rather emarginate, with a short inflexed point. Fruit com-
pressed from the sides, ovate; mericarps with 5, rather promi-
nent, equal ribs, which are undulately crenulated ; having the
furrows between the ribs, furnished with many stripes, but with-
out any vittae. Carpophore bifid at the apex. Seed with a
UMBELLIFERjE.
247
deep narrow furrow inside. — Involucra of 3-5 leaves ; involucels
of 3-5 leaves, dimidiate.
159 VICA'TIA. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals unknown.
Styles short. Fruit ovate-oblong ; mericarps nearly semi-terete,
with 5 filiform, hardly prominent ribs ; vittse small, many in the
furrows, which are broad and flat ; commissure narrow. Car-
pophore thick, somewhat bifid at the apex. Albumen furnished
with a furrow at the commissure, convex outside. — Involucra,
and generally the involucels, are wanting.
160 ARRACA'CHA. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals lanceo-
late or ovate, entire : with an inflexed point, which is curbed
above the middle nerve. Fruit ovate-oblong, somewhat com-
pressed from the sides ; mericarps with 5 equal ribs ; vittse many /
in the furrows. Albumen nearly semi-terete, furnished with a
furrow at the commissure. — Involucra wanting, or of 1 leaf; in-
volucels of 3 leaves. Flowers polygamous.
161 PIEUROSPE'RMUM. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals
obovate, entire, flat, or attenuated and inflexed at the apex.
Fruit ovate, somewhat compressed from the sides ; mericarps
furnished with a double membrane : outer one furnished with 5
winged hollow ribs : the inner one adnate to the seed, and fur-
nished with 5 elevated ribs under those of the outer membrane ;
furrows of the inner membrane furnished with 1-2 vittae each,
and the commissure with 2. Carpophore filiform, bipartite. — •
Involucra and involucels of many leaves.
162 HYMENOIJE NA. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obo-
vate, entire, flat, or attenuated and inflexed at the apex. Fruit
ovate or oblong ; mericarps with 5 exserted, nearly equal wings ;
commissure flat, furnished with 2 vittae, and the furrows with 1 .
Seed with a furrow in front, convex on the outside. Carpophore
bipartite. — Involucra and involucels of many leaves.
163 PHYSOSPE'RMUM. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals
obovate, somewhat emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit
contracted from the sides ; mericarps reniformly globose, didy-
mous, with 5 filiform equal slender ribs : the lateral ribs placed
before the margins ; vittae broad, 1 in each furrow. Seed semi-
lunar. — Involucra and involucels of many leaves.
164 SMY'RNIUM. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals lanceo-
late or elliptic, entire, with an inflexed point. Fruit contracted
from the sides ; mericarps reniformly globose, didymous : with 3
dorsal, rather prominent ribs, and 2 lateral, marginating, nearly
obliterated ones ; vittae many in each furrow ; carpophore bipar-
tite. Seed involute. — Involucra and involucels variable in the
different species.
165 EU'IOPHUS. Margin of calyx 5-toothed (f. 56. K. 6.).
Petals unknown. Fruit a little contracted from the sides (f. 56.
K. a.) ; mericarps ovate, rather didymous, with 5 hardly pro-
minent ribs ; furrows having 3 convex stripes, more prominent
than the ribs, which are hollow inside and filled with oil ; com-
missure furnished with 4 similar vittse. Seed semi-lunar. Car-
pophore bipartite. — Involucra and involucels of many linear
leaves (f. 56. K. c.).
166 SCALIGE'RIA. Margin of calyx entire. Petals obcordate,
with a short inflexed obtuse point. Stylopodia thick (f. 56. B. h.},
parallel. Styles filiform, bent outwardly. Fruit rather didy-
mous ; mericarps ovate, contracted at the raphe, hardly com-
pressed from the sides, with 5 filiform ribs ; vittae 2-3 in the fur-
rows, which are rather convex, and 4-6 in the commissure, which
is flattish. Albumen furnished with a furrow on the inside. —
Involucra wanting ; involucels of a few small linear leaves.
FIG. 56.
SUBORDER III. CCELOSPE'RM«. Albumen involutely curved
from the base to the apex.
TRIBE XVII.
CORIA'NDRE^;. Fruit globose, or of 2 subglobose mericarps.
Mericarps furnished milk 5 primary, depressed, andflexuous ribs:
lateral ribs placed before the accessory margin ; and 4 more
prominent secondary ones ; all mingless.
167 BiroRA. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obovate,
emarginate, with an inflexed point : outer ones nearly equal
or radiating and bifid. Fruit didymous ; mericarps ventricosely
subglobose, granularly wrinkled : marked with 5 impressed, ob-
solete stripes : the 2 lateral stripes semicircular, placed in front of
the accessory margin ; vittae wanting ; commissure having 2 holes.
Carpophore bipartite, adnate on both sides. — Involucra and in-
volucels wanting, or of 1 leaf.
168 Asi6MA. All as in Bifora, but the fruit is evidently
didymous ; and the commissure is narrow, not perforated, nor
dilated at the apex ; styles rather diverging. — Involucra of 5-6
lanceolate leaves ; involucels of 4-5 leaves.
169 ATRE'MA. Teeth of calyx 5, acute, small, permanent.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit rather
didymous ; mericarps nearly globose, ventricose, marked with 5
rather prominent ribs, without any vittae ; commissure narrow,
closed. — Involucra and involucels of many leaves.
170 CORIA'NDRUM. Teeth of calyx 5, acute, unequal, per-
manent. Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point :
outer ones radiating, bifid. Fruit globose, 10-ribbed, hardly
divisible ; the 4 secondary ribs on each mericarp are more promi-
nent than the primary ones, and keeled ; vittas 1 in each furrow,
and 2 in the commissure ; carpophore free in the middle, but
adnate at the base and apex. Seed hollow in front, covered by
a loose membrane. — Involucra none ; involucels usually of 3
leaves, dimidiate.
171 CYMBOCA'RPUM. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals equal,
obcordate, with an inflexed point. Stylopodium depressed ; styles
248
UMBELLIFER.E. I. HYDROCOTYLE.
reflexed. Fruit nearly globose ; mericarps solid, hemispherical :
with 5 primary, filiform, usually obliterated ribs, without any
secondary ribs or vittae. Carpophore bipartite, free in the
middle, but adnate at the base and apex. Seed hollowed in
front. — Involucra and involucels composed of linear leaves.
SUBOBDER I. ORTHOSPE'RMjE (from op$oc, orthos,
straight, and inripfia, sperma, a seed). D. C. prod. 4. p. 58.
Albumen flat on the inner side, neither involute, nor convolute.
§ 1. Umbels simple or imperfect. Fruit destitute ofvittce.
Tribe I.
HYDROCOTY'LE^E (plants agreeing with Hydrocotyle in
important characters), or Orthospermeae, Imperfectae, Umbel-
latae, Compresses, D. C. prod. 4. p. 58. — Hydrocoty'leae, Spreng.
in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 32. Koch, umb. p. 141. exclusive of
many genera. Fruit contracted from the sides ; back of carpella
or mericarps convex, rarely acute ; the 5 primary ribs or nerves
becoming immediately obsolete : lateral ribs marginating, or
thrown back into the flat commissure : secondary ones permanent
and filiform, sometimes absent or nearly so. Albumen flattish
in front. Petals spreading, entire, acute, straight, or rather in-
flexed at the point. This tribe represents the forms of nearly
all in the different genera ; it is distinguished from nearly all the
suborder Orthospermce, in the umbels of flowers being imper-
fect ; from Saniculeee in the lateral compression of the fruit,
and from Mulinece in the commissure not being gradually con-
tracted.
I. HYDROCO'TYLE (from vSup, hydor, water, and KoruXij,
kotyle, a cavity ; in reference to the plants growing in moist
situations, and in the leaves being hollowed like a bowl). Tourn.
inst. t. 173. Thunb. diss. 1798. in diss. ed. Pers. 2. p. 410.
Spreng. umb. prod. p. 10. A. Rich. diss. 1820. in ann. sc.
phys. vol. 4. p. 1. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 102. Koch, umb. p. 144.
f. 64. and 65. D. C. coll. mem. v. p. 26. — Hydrocotyle and
Chondrocarpus (or Glyceria), Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 177.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digijnia. Tube of calyx rather com-
pressed : limb with an obsolete margin. Petals ovate, entire,
acute, with a straight apex. Fruit flatly compressed from the
sides, biscutate. Mericarps or carpella without vittae : having
the 5 ribs or nerves nearly filiform : the earinal and lateral ones
usually obsolete, and the 2 intermediate ones joined. Seed
carinately compressed. — Usually slender bog herbs, rarely sub-
shrubs. Umbel simple, surrounded by a few-leaved involu-
crum. Flowers sessile or pedicellate, white. This genus is
composed of a heterogeneous mass of species, and is therefore
probably divisible into several genera.
SECT. I. EUHYDROCO'TYLE (this section is supposed to contain
the true species of the genus). D. C. prod. 4. p. 59. Hydro-
cotyle, Lin. gen. no. 325. Stems herbaceous, of nearly all the
species, creeping. Fruit compressed ; mericarps furnished with
1-2 ribs on each side.
§ 1. Leaves peltate.
1 H. INTERRU'PTA (Muhl. cat. p. 10.) leaves peltate, doubly
crenated, 1 1 -nerved, and are, as well as the petioles, glabrous ;
flowers disposed in many, rather distant whorles : ultimate ones
umbellate; fruit rather attenuated at tlie base, coloured. l/.B.
H. Native of Carolina, Porto-Rico, Cape of Good Hope,
Japan, New Holland, Sandwich Islands, &c. in marshy places.
H. vulgaris, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 161. H. verticillata,
Thunb. diss. 2. p. 415. t. 3. H. vulgaris /3, Rich. 1. c. t. 50.
f. 1. b. H. communis, Cham, et Schlecht. inLinriaea. 1. p. 356.
Far. ft, tuberosa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 59.) stems tumid at the
nodes, and tuberous.
far. -y, platyphylla (D. C. prod. 4. p. 667.) leaves 11-13-
nerved, twice the size. If.. H. Native of Tropical Africa, in
marshes at Cayor.
Interrupted-flowered Penny-wort. Fl. May, June. PI. cr.
2 H. VULGA'RIS (Lin. spec. p. 338.) leaves peltate, orbicular,
doubly crenated, 9-nerved ; petioles pilose at the apex ; umbels
capitate, usually 5-flowered ; fruit somewhat emarginate at the
base, of one colour. "If. . B. H. Native nearly throughout the
whole of Europe, in marshy boggy places, and on the margins of
clear rivulets, particularly on a peat soil ; plentiful in some parts
of Britain ; also of North America, in Canada. Fl. dan. t. 90.
Smith, engl. hot. t. 751. Curt. lond. 6. t. 19. Schkuhr, handb.
t. 59. Rich. hydr. no. 1. t. 50. f. 1. and t. 52. f. 1. exclusive of
the variety. Steins creeping, rooting at the nodi. Peduncles of
the umbels or scapes much shorter than the petioles. Flowers
reddish white or rose-coloured. There is a variety, but it is
rather rare, with smooth petioles, and with the limbs emarginate
at the base or nearly entire, and with the scapes drawn out be-
yond the umbels of flowers, and bearing 2 umbels each. Gerarde
calls this plant mater penny-wort* sheep-killing penny-grass ; in
the north of England it is called white-rot, to distinguish it from
red-rot ; in Norfolk Jlomk-rvort, from its being supposed to occa-
sion the flukes in the liver of rotten sheep ; and by the husband-
man sheep's-bane, " because it killeth sheep that do eat thereof."
This, however, is a vulgar error ; for the rot in sheep is owing
to their feeding in wet grounds, and perhaps to an insect (the
Fasciola hepatica), which from its shape is called a fluke or
flounder, and abounds in such situations, adhering to stones and
plants, as well as to the liver and biliary ducts of sheep af-
fected with the rot. This, together with Drosera or Sundew,
and Pinguicula or Butter-wort, are common in marshy places, and
therefore the rot in sheep has been ascribed to these; but it is
pretty certain that neither sheep nor any other quadruped feed
on these plants.
Common Penny-wort. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. cr.
3 H. PUSI'LLA (Rich, hydro, p. 27. t. 52. f. 2.) plant rather
hairy ; leaves orbicular, not emarginate at the base, obsoletely
crenated, 7-nerved ; flowers umbellate ; umbels hardly contain-
ing so many as 12 flowers ; scapes equal in length to the petioles.
If. . F. Native about Monte Video, in arid places ; and on
shady rocks at Rio Paquaquer, in the province of Rio Janeiro ;
also of Buenos Ayres. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p.
357. Flowers small. Petioles biauriculate at the base, and as
if they were minutely stipulate (Rich.). Fruit smooth ; meri-
carps marked with a single elevated line on each side. The
Buenos Ayrean plant differs from the Brazilian one in being per-
fectly glabrous.
Small Penny-wort. PI. creeping.
4 H. MODE'STA (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 358.) leaves on
long petioles, orbicularly reniform, glabrous, 9-nerved ; petioles
pilose at the apex, as well as the young branches ; umbels on
short peduncles, many rayed ; fruit small, emarginate at both
ends. I/ . B. F. Native of Brazil, in the province of Monte
Video; and of Chili about Valparaiso. Petioles 3-12 inches
long. Peduncles an inch long, rarely more, and sometimes only
3 lines. Fruit smaller than in any other species ; mericarps
marked with a hardly elevated line on the sides.
Modest Pennywort. PI. cr.
5 H. BARBARO'SSA (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 360.) leaves
on long petioles, peltate, orbicular, 8-nerved, 8-lobed, and cre-
nated, and are, as well as the petioles, clothed with rufous hairs;
umbels on long peduncles, many (50-60) rayed; fruit nearly
globose, ovoid, rather emarginate, acutely ribbed. If. . F. Na-
tive of Brazil, in shady woods near New Friburg. Petioles 4-8
UMBELLIFERyE. I. HYDROCOTYLE.
249
inches long, but rather shorter than the peduncles ; pedicels 3-6
lines long.
Barbarossa Penny-wort. PI. cr.
6 H. UMBELLA'TA (Lin. spec. p. 234.) plant glabrous ; leaves
peltate, orbicular, emarginate at the base, doubly crenated,
usually 11-12 nerved ; scapes rather shorter than the petioles ;
umbels 20-30-flowered ; flowers distinctly pedicellate. %.. B. F.
Native of the West Indies, Peru, and at Tampico in the Bay of
Mexico, as well as of Cuba and North America. Spreng. umb.
p. 1. t. 1. f. 1. Rich. hydr. p. 28. t. 52. f. 3. Umbels prolifer-
ous in the specimens received from Tampico, but simple in those
from Cuba. Corolla white. — Acaricoba, Piso, bras. p. 9. — Co-
tyledon aquatica, Sloane, jam. 1. p. 212.
Var. ft, umbellulata (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 161.) leaves
obsoletely crenated, 9-nerved ; scapes rather longer than the
petioles; umbels 12-16-flowered. If.. B. H. Native of Carolina
and Virginia. Rich. hydr. p. 29. t. 53. f. 4. H. umbellata,
Pursh, EH.
Umbellate-Rowered Penny-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1795.
PI. cr.
7 H. BONARIE'NSIS (Lam. diet. 3. p. 147.) plant glabrous ;
leaves peltate, orbicular, 15-20-nerved, doubly crenated; scapes
hardly longer, but often shorter than the petioles, umbellate at
the apex, and umbellately branched ; flowers disposed in inter-
rupted whorles along the branchlets. I/ . B. F. Native of South
America, in marshy places not far from the sea, where it assumes
various forms. Chain, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 357. H.
umbellata /3, Bonari^nsis, Roem. et Schult. syst. 6. p. 345.
Var. a, multiflora (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 24. t. 246. f. a.)
rays of umbel 8-10 ; whorles consisting of 15-20 flowers each.
If.. B. G. Native of Brazil, Peru, Buenos Ay res. H. Bonari-
ensis, Rich. Cav. icon. 5. t. 488.
Var. ft, tribotrys (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. f. b.) rays of umbel 3 ;
whorles 5-6-flowered. I/ . B. Native of Peru and Brazil. H.
polystachya a, Rich. hydr. p. 31.
Buenos Ayrcan Penny-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. Pl.tr.
8 H. PETIOLAVRIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 60.) plant quite glabrous:
leaves peltate, orbicular, 10-12-nerved, simply and broadly cre-
nated, on long petioles ; scapes equal in length to the petioles,
umbellate at the apex, and umbellately branched ; branches 2-5,
interruptedly verticillate. If. . B. F. Native of the Mauritius.
H. vulgaris, Bory, voy. ex Rich. H. quinqueradiata, Pet. Th.
mss. ex Rich. H. polystachya ft, Rich. hydr. p. 31. Nearly
allied to H. Bonariensis, but differs in the lobes of the leaves
being simply crenated, in the petioles and scapes being nearly a
foot high. Fruit nearly orbicular, emarginate at the base ;
mericarps furnished witli one rib on each side.
Pelwlar Water Penny-wort. PI. 1 foot, cr.
9 H. LANGSDO'RFII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 60.) plant glabrous or
rather pilose on the leaves while young ; leaves peltate, nearly
orbicular, with 5-7 short lobes, crenated, 5-7-nerved ; peduncles
much longer than the petioles ; umbel simple, containing 15-20
pedicellate flowers, surrounded by an 8-10-leaved reflexed in-
volucrum. Tf.. B. F. Native of Brazil, in the Island of St.
Catharine. Stems long, creeping, slender. Peduncles 5-8 inches
high. Adult leaves glabrous on both surfaces ; lobes either
acute or obtuse. Pedicels 3 times the length of the involucrum.
Langsdorf's Penny-wort. PI. cr.
10 H. GRA'CILIS (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 26. t. 247. f. 6.)
leaves peltate, orbicular, 7-angled, 7-nerved, glabrous, crenated ;
petioles and scapes hairy ; scapes shorter than the petioles ;
umbels 5-7-flowered. 3f.. B. F. Native of Peru, in stagnant
watery places, and on the edges of rivulets. Rich. hydr. p. 32.
Stems creeping. This species differs from all others in the
present section in the leaves being acutely angled.
Slender Penny- wort. PI. cr.
VOL. III.
1 1 H. HUMBO'LDTH (Rich. hydr. p. 33. t. 53. f. 6.) leaves
peltate, 5-6-lobed, hairy on both surfaces : lobes short, ovate,
acute, doubly serrated ; petioles, stems, and peduncles glabrous ;
umbels simple, 20-flowered ; fruit orbicular, nearly without ribs.
Tf.. B. F. Native of the kingdom of Quito. I/. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 32. but H. Humboldtii, Willd. herb, is
distinct from this, but is referrible to H. Bonplandii.
Humboldt's Penny-wort. PL cr.
12 H. ASTE'RIAS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p.
361.) stems decumbent, at length glabrous ; leaves peltate, pe-
tiolate, 3-5-lobed, at length glabrous : lobes lanceolate, unequally
serrated ; peduncles longer than the petioles ; umbels simple,
14-18-flowered ; fruit tubercular, emarginate at the base, with
conspicuous ribs. J? . B. S. Native of Brazil, within the tro-
pics. Lobes of leaves usually 4, of various breadths. H. varians,
Pohl, in litt.
Starry Penny-wort. PI. decumbent.
13 H. ACONITIFOLIA (Rich. hydr. p. 35. t. 53. f. 5.) leaves
peltate, orbicular, hairy on both surfaces, 7-lobed, 7-nerved :
lobes lanceolate, acute, doubly serrated ; petioles, peduncles, and
stems glabrous ; umbels simple, 20-30-flowered ; fruit orbicu-
lar, nearly without ribs. 2£ . B. G. Native of New Granada,
in shady places. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 23.
Monk's-hood-leaved Penny-wort. PI. cr.
14 H. MACROPHY'LLA (Pohl, in litt. 1828.) plant creeping;
leaves peltate, 7-cleft, 7-nerved, rather hispid above, especially
along the nerves, glabrous beneath ; lobes lanceolate, doubly
serrated ; petioles and peduncles very long, glabrous ; umbels
simple, 40-50-flowered ; fruit ribbed, emarginate at both ends.
y.. B. F. Native of Brazil. Leaves 6 inches in diameter.
Hairs crowded at the tops of the petioles at the insertion of the
leaves,
Large-leaved Penny-wort. PI. cr.
15 H. QUINQUE'LOBA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 25. t. 248.
f. b.) plant hairy ; leaves peltate, 5-nerved, palmately 5-cleft :
lobes acute, doubly serrated : the terminal or middle lobe longer
than the rest ; peduncles equal in length to the petioles ; umbels
simple, many flowered, globose. If. . B. F. Native of Peru, in
woods at Pillao ; and of Brazil near Corvo-Sicco. Rich. hydr.
p. 34. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 360. The whole
plant is rufous from pili. Pedicels 40-50 in each umbel, and
when bearing the fruit they are about 3 lines long. Fruit emar-
ginate at the base ; mericarps acutely 3-ribbed on the back.
Five-lobed-\eaveA Penny-wort. PI. cr.
16 H. STE'LLA (Pohl, in litt. 1828. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 61.)
stems decumbent, villous ; leaves on long petioles, peltate, 5-
nerved, 5-cleft, villous on both surfaces: lobes broad-lanceolate,
doubly serrated, rather unequal ; umbels on long peduncles,
many rayed ; fruit pilose, ribbed, emarginate at the base. If . B.
F. Native of Brazil. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from the
preceding species.
jSter-leaved Penny-wort. PL decumbent.
17 H. BATRACHIOIDES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 667.) plant glabrous;
stems rooting at the nodi ; leaves on long petioles, somewhat
peltate, 3-5-parted : lobes cuneated, obtuse at the apex, entire
or 2-3-cleft ; peduncles much shorter than the petioles ; umbels
3-5-flowered. If . B. F. Native of Chili, in inundated places
near Rancagua, and in ditches. H. ranunculoides, Bertero,
herb. ; but not of Lin. Habit almost of Ranunculus aqudtilis or
R. tripartita.
Batrachium-like Penny-wort. PL cr.
18 H. POEPPI'GII (D. C. 1. c.) plant furnished with a few scat-
tered hairs ; stems weak, elongated, not rooting at the nodi ; pe-
tioles long, hairy at the apex ; leaves orbicular, cordate with
the recess open, 9-nerved, bluntly 9-lobed, toothed ; peduncles
axillary, and opposite the leaves, shorter than the petioles ;
Kk
250
UMBELLIFER&. I. HYDROCOTYLE.
flowers 15-20 in an umbel, on long pedicels. %. B. F. Native
of Chili. Habit of H. Zeyldnica, but the flowers are not capi-
tate. The inflorescence is that of H. geranioides or H. alche-
milloldes, but the stems are not radicant.
Poeppig's Penny-wort. PI. trailing.
§ 2. Leaves more or less cordate at the base.
* Flowers umbellate, distinctly pedicellate.
19 H. ACUTIFOLIA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 25. t. 248. f. a.)
plant rather villous ; leaves cordate, acute, sinuated at the base,
unequally crenate-toothed on all sides ; peduncles a little longer
than the petioles ; umbels many flowered, simple, globose ; pe-
dicels of flowers distinct ; fruit almost didymous, bicostate on
both sides. If.. B. F. Native of Peru, at Pillao. Spananthe
sinuata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 878. Allied to H. quinqueloba, but
differs in the leaves not being peltate.
Acute-leaved Penny-wort. PI. cr.
20 H. GERANIOIDES (Rich. hydr. no. 32. f. 21.) plant hairy;
leaves orbicularly reniform, 9-nerved, bluntly 9-lobed, crenated ;
petioles pubescent, rather higher than the peduncles ; umbels
20- flowered; flowers pedicellate. If.. B. F. Native of Peru.
Petioles a finger in length. Pedicels 3-4 lines long. Involucrum
many leaved : leaflets ovate, acute, small. Fruit nearly orbicu-
lar, didymous.
Geranium-like Penny-wort. PI. cr.
21 H. ALCHEMILLOIDES (Rich. hydr. no. 28. f. 31.) plant be-
set with spreading hairs ; leaves orbicularly reniform, 9-nerved,
a little lobed, doubly crenated, cleft at the base into a narrow
recess ; petioles elongated, pilose ; peduncles slender, shorter
than the petioles ; umbels 20-flowered ; flowers distinctly pedi-
cellate ; mericarps of fruit 3-ribbed. I/ . B. F. Native of
Peru, in shady humid places : and of New Andalusia, on Mount
Cocollar. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 24. Petioles
6-8 inches long. Pedicels 4-5 inches long.
Alchemilla-like Penny-wort. PI. cr.
22 H. LAXIFLORA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 61.) plant villous ; leaves
orbicular, cordate, 9-nerved, 9-lobed : lobes obtuse, denticu-
lated ; peduncles opposite the cauline leaves, about twice the
length of the petioles ; umbels 40-45-flowered ; pedicels and
fruit glabrous. 3£. B. F. Native of New Holland. Pedicels
about 3 lines long ; the rest of the plant very like H. densijlbra.
Loose-flowered Penny-wort. PI. cr.
23 H. BONPLA'NDII (Rich. hydr. no. 27. f. 7.) plant hairy ;
leaves reniform, 9-nerved, doubly crenated ; peduncles an inch
long, about equal in length to the petioles ; umbels 10-1 2-flower-
ed ; flowers distinctly pedicellate. If. . B. G. Native near Santa
Fe de Bogota, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 24. H.
capitata, Willd. herb, and in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 356. but not of
Banks, nor Pet. Th. H. Humboldtii, Willd. herb, and Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 356. but not of Rich.
Var. ft, Chilensis (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 1. p.
263.) umbels more dense ; pedicels very short ; leaves 7-lobed,
7-nerved ; petioles an inch and a half long. Tf.. B. F. Native
of Chili, near Talcaguano.
Bonpland's Penny-wort. PI. cr.
24 H. MEXICA'NA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. vol. 5. p.
208.) stems creeping ; branches erect ; leaves reniform, usually
9-nerved, deeply lobed, hairy ; umbels on long peduncles, many
flowered, loose, globose ; hairs on the petioles and peduncles re-
versed ; styles spreading. Tf. . H. Native of Mexico, near
Jalapa in shady woods. Said to be allied to H. leucocephala and
H. Bonplandii.
Mexican Penny-wort. PI. cr.
25 H. UUMIFU'SA (Pohl, in litt. 1828. ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
62.) plant creeping, glabrous ; leaves on long petioles, reniform,
nearly orbicular, broadly crenated, 9-nerved ; peduncles length
of the petioles ; umbels 20-flowered ; flowers distinctly pedicel-
late ; fruit ribbed, emarginate at both ends. If . B. G. Native
of Brazil. Leaves nearly like those of H. Americana, but
differs in the flowers being umbellate, not capitate. Perhaps
Hydrocotyle, Lccfl. itin. p. 281. is referrible to this species.
Trailing Penny-wort. PI. tr.
26 H. LEUCOCE'PHALA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 1.
p. 364.) plant creeping; leaves orbicularly reniform, usually 9-
nerved, doubly toothed or crenated, beset with a few scattered
hairs on both surfaces, as well as on the peduncles and petioles ;
umbels 20-30-flowered, nearly globose ; flowers distinctly pedi-
cellate ; mericarps of fruit smooth, at first cream-coloured, and
acutely 3-ribbed. If.. F. Native throughout the whole of Bra-
zil. Link et Otto, abbild. t. 21. Petioles 2-4 inches long.
Pedicels of the umbel, which is milk-coloured, a line and a half
long.
White-headed Penny-wort. PI. cr.
27 H. NA'TANS (Cyr. pi. rar. neap. 1. t. 6. f. /3.) plant creep-
ing, glabrous ; leaves orbicular, with a narrow cordate recess,
reniform, bluntly and unequally 9-1 1-lobed, and 9-11-nerved,
crenated ; peduncles much shorter than the petioles ; umbels
capitate, 5-6-flowered ; flowers on short pedicels. 1£. B. H.
Native of the kingdom of Naples, in bogs, ditches, and rivers ;
and in the river Anapo near Syracuse, and elsewhere in Sicily ;
Dombey gathered the same plant in Peru, and Chamisso at St.
Francisco in North California. — Column, ecphr. p. 316. with a
figure. Rich. hydr. no. 29. f. 20. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea.
I. p. 373. Petioles 3-10 inches long. Peduncles hardly an
inch long. Stems having numerous roots, issuing from the
joints. Fruit cordate, wrinkled a little.
Natant Penny-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. trail-
ing and floating.
28 H. MULiipiDA (Rich. hydr. no. 44. f. 34.) plant glabrous ;
leaves palmately cut ; segments 5, somewhat 3-lobed : middle
segment the longest ; peduncles glabrous, longer than the pe-
tioles, which are pilose; umbels 5-6-flowered ; flowers distinctly
pedicellate ; fruit didymous, furnished with 2 ribs on both
sides. If.. B. F. Native of New Granada, on the Andes, in
humid shady places near Almaguer. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 6. p. 25. Willd. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 656.
Multifid-\eaved Hydrocotyle. PI. cr.
* Umbels capitate, 3-8-florvered, sometimes the loner ones
are only \-Jlmvercd.
29 H. ASIA'TICA (Lin. spec. p. 234.) plant rather villous;
leaves orbicularly reniform, equally crenated, 7-nerved ; petioles
and peduncles in fascicles, pubescent ; umbels capitate, on short
peduncles, 3-4-flowered ; fruit orbicular, furnished with 4 ribs
on both sides. 3£. B. F. Native nearly throughout the southern
hemisphere, as well as within the tropics, in humid watery places.
Rich. hydr. no. 15. f. 11. Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 348.
Cham, in Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 365. This species assumes
many forms, especially in Manilla, Radacca, Chili (which there
becomes H. triflora, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 24. t. 245. f. 6.),
Brazil, and the Cape of Good Hope (which is H. Thunbergiana,
Spreng. neue entd. 1. p. 283. exclusive of the synonyme H.
n£tans, Thunb. which is not obvious).
Asiatic Penny-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1690. PI. cr.
30 H. REPA'NDA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 302.) plant villous ; leaves
cordate, reniform, on long petioles, 9-nerved, repandly toothed ;
petioles villous, much exceeding the peduncles ; umbels capitate,
3-flowered ; fruit orbicular, furnished with 4 ribs on each side.
II . B. H. Native of Louisiana, Carolina, Georgia, Chili, and
the West India Islands, in humid and inundated places. Rich,
hydr. no. 13. f. 14. exclusive of the synonyme of Ruiz et Pav.
UMBELLlFERjE. I. HYDIIOCOTYLE.
251
H. erecta, Lin. fil. suppl. 177.? H. reniformis and H. cordata,
Walt. fl. car. 113. H. ficarioldes, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p.
161. but not of Lam. H. reniformis, Bosc. Poir. suppl. 3. p.
21. H. repanda, Spreng. umb. no. 4. t. 2. f. 4. Glyceria re-
panda, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 177. Perhaps a variety of H.
Asiatiea, ex Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 369.
Iiepand-\ea.\ed Penny-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1806. PI.
creeping.
31 H. FICARIOIDES (Lam. diet. 3. p. 153. but not of Michx.)
plant glabrous ; leaves cordately reniform, repand, 5-nerved,
usually in fascicles ; petioles longer than the limbs ; umbels capi-
tate, 3-5-flowered ; peduncles one-half shorter than the petioles.
I/. B. S. Native of the Mauritius. Rich. hydr. no. 12. f. 12.
Flowers sessile in the umbels. Involucrum 3-5 -leaved. Stems
creeping. Fruit unknown.
Ficarict-like Penny-wort. PI. cr.
32 H. DIA'NTHA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 63.) plant glabrous ; leaves
distant, on short petioles, reniform, 7-9-toothed, nearly veinless ;
umbels opposite the leaves, on short peduncles, 2-flowered ; fruit
flatly compressed, orbicularly cordate, with the mericarps having
2 ribs on both sides, y. . B. F. Native of New Holland,
at King George's Sound. Stems weak, dichotomous, climbing a
little. Leaves hardly twice the size of the fruit. Pedicels of
the fruit longer than the peduncles of the umbel.
Tmo-florvered Penny-wort. PI. trailing or climbing.
33 H. ABBREVIA'TA (Rich. hydr. no. 17. f. 19.) leaves reni-
form, with a broad recess, shorter than broad, with 9-11 crena-
tures, 7-nerved, glabrous ; petioles pubescent, longer than the
limbs ; peduncles longer than the petioles ; fruit rather turgid, fur-
nished with 4 ribs on each side, reticulated. "If.. B. F. Native of
Madagascar and Cochin-china, in humid places. Trisanthus Co-
chinchinensis, Lour. coch. p. 176. Stems tufted, creeping. Pe-
tioles 7- 8 lines long ; limbs of leaves 6 lines broad, and 2 lines long.
Pedicels an inch long. Involucrum 2-leaved. Very nearly allied
to H. dentatum, but differs in the leaves being much shorter.
jSViori-leaved Penny-wort. PI. cr.
34 H. NUMMULARIO!DES (Rich. hydr. no. 11. f. 9.) leaves cor-
dately reniform, 5-nerved, obsoletely crenated, with a narrow
recess ; petioles pubescent, longer than the limbs ; umbels capi-
tate, 3-flowered, on short peduncles ; fruit orbicularly subglo-
bose, striated. I/ . B. S. Native of the Island of Bourbon,
creeping along river banks. H. Asiatiea var. Cham, et Schlecht.
1. c. Leaves 4-5 lines in diameter. Petioles 8-12 lines long.
Peduncles 2-3 lines long. The central flower in each umbel is
fertile, and the 2 lateral ones sterile.
Money-wort-like Penny-wort. PI. cr.
35 H. HEBECA'RPA^D. C. prod. 4. p. 63.) leaves orbicularly
reniform, toothed at the base, 7-9-nerved, crenated at the apex,
glabrous, on long petioles ; surculi sarmentose, prostrate ; pe-
duncles axillary, villous, much shorter than the petioles ; umbels
capitate, few-flowered ; fruit villous, reticulated ; mericarps fur-
nished with 2-3 ribs on each side. I/ . B. F. Native of the Island
of Timor. Petioles of radical leaves 4 inches long : limbs of
leaves 2 inches broad. Three of the fruit in each umbel com-
ing to perfection, rather large.
Hairy-fruited Penny-wort. PI. prostrate.
36 H. INJE'QUIPES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 63.) leaves when young,
rather villous, but glabrous in the adult state : radical ones on
long petioles, with a reniform crenated 9-nerved limb, and a
broad recess ; umbels radical, on very short incurved, rather
villous peduncles ; leaflets of involucrum 2, ovate ; fruit gla-
brous ; mericarps furnished with 4 stripes on each side. ]!/ . S.
Native about Rio Janeiro. Petioles of radical leaves nearly a
foot long. Peduncles half an inch long. Stems short, rather
sarmentose, bearing leaves, which stand on short petioles.
Unequal-petioled Penny- wort. PI. 1 foot.
37 H. PA'LLIDA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 63.) leaves reniform, gla-
brous, broadly and shortly crenate-toothed ; petioles rather di-
lated at the base, longer than the peduncles ; leaves of involu-
crum 2, ovate, obtuse, glabrous ; umbels 3-flowered. I/ . B. F.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burch. cat. geogr. no. 1907.
Fruit cordate, truncate at the apex, marked on both sides by 3
veins, glabrous. Herb prostrate, pale green.
Var. /3 ? subintegra (D. C. prod. 4. p. 63.) leaves nearly en-
tire, broadly reniform ; peduncles rather villous, shorter. 1£ . B.
F. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Pale Penny-wort. PI. prostrate.
38 H. BRE'VIPES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 63.) stems elongated,
prostrate, rooting at the nodi ; leaves on long petioles, reniform,
with broad large obtuse lobe-like teeth, pilose above, and on the
petioles, smoothish beneath ; peduncles axillary, very short ;
umbels few-flowered, capitate, villous. y.. B. S. Native of
Jamaica. H. leptostachys ex Jamaica, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 876.
Allied to H. eridntha, but differs in being prostrate, as well as to
H. m&crodus, but differs in the teeth of the calyx being blunt ;
also to H. leptostachys, but the inflorescence is truly distinct.
S/iort-peduncled Penny-wort. PI. prostrate.
39 H. BRACTEA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 668.) leaves reniformly
cordate, bluntly crenated, on long petioles ; nerves, petioles, and
peduncles rather hairy ; peduncles much shorter than the pe-
tioles ; umbels capitate, 2-3-flowered ; leaves of involucrum 2,
permanent, ovate, rather villous on the outside ; mericarps very
much compressed, reticulately 3-5-nerved, having the back hairy
at the apex. I/ . S. Native of Africa, at Cape Verd, in marshes
at Khami. Allied to H. eritintha and H. pallida.
Bracteated Penny-wort. PI. cr.
40 H. ERIA'NTHA (Rich. hydr. no. 18. f. 13.) leaves nearly
orbicularly reniform, crenately toothed, glabrous ; petioles dilat-
ed at the base, clasping the stem, length of the slender hairy
peduncles : leaflets of involucrum 4, very pilose, exceeding the
flowers ; stems somewhat sarmentose, erectish. ~1J . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope, in sandy places on the Table Moun-
tain. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 1. p. 370. Sieb. fl.
cap. no. 247. H. cuspidata, Willd. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 396.
H. reniformis, Spreng. neue entd. 1. p. 382. syst. 2. p. 290.
but not of Thunb. nor Walt. Fruit somewhat cordate, striated,
ex Rich.
Hairy-flowered Penny-wort. PI. sarmentose.
41 H. MA'CKODUS (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 877. exclusive of the
synonymes,) the whole plant covered with spreading hairs ;
leaves cordately reniform, coarsely 3-9-toothed : teeth or lobules
acute, equal, quite entire ; peduncles shorter than the petioles ;
umbels capitate, few-flowered ; leaves of involucrum 2, large,
ovate, acuminated, pilose ; fruit ovate, with many ribs, wrinkled.
I/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the Table
Mountain. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 372. H.
moschata, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 351. but not of
Thunb.
Long-toothed-ca\yxeH Penny-wort. PI. tr.
42 H. CALLIODUS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 1. p. 371.)
leaves reniformly orbicular, 5-nerved, coarsely, sharply and
unequally toothed, glabrous ; peduncles hardly pubescent, capil-
lary, in fascicles, almost longer than the petioles ; leaves of in-
volucrum smooth, one-half shorter than the fruit, which is ob-
ovate and many ribbed. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Allied to H. eridntha., but easily distinguished from it
by its smoothness, by the teeth of the calyx being acute, and by
the nerves of the leaves being 5, not 7, &c.
Beautiful-toothed-]esived Penny-wort. PI. prostrate.
43 H. AMERICA'NA (Lin. spec. 234.) plant quite glabrous;
leaves orbicularly reniform, a little lobed, doubly crenated, 9-
nerved ; umbels capitate, 5 -flowered : upper ones nearly ses-
sile: lower ones on short peduncles. %. B. H. Native of
North America, in boggy or swampy places, from Canada to
Kk 2
252
UMBELLIFER^E. I. HYDROCOTYLE.
Carolina ; and probably of South America, if the synonyme of
Loefling, itin. p. 281. is referrible to the species. Lam. diet. 3.
p. 152. Rich. hydr. no. 19. f. 10. Spreng. umb. no. 3. t. 2. f. 3.
Var. a, flexicaulis (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 162.) stems
more firm, shorter, and as if they were flexuous.
Var. ft, gracilis (Michx. 1. c.) plant more slender, filiform, not
flexuous ; leaves smaller.
American Penny-wort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1790. PI. cr.
44 H. MULTICAU'LIS (Pohl, in litt. 1828. ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
64.) plant creeping ; leaves on long petioles, glabrous, reni-
formly orbicular, 9-nerved, and somewhat 9-lobed : each lobe
with 3 crenatures ; petioles shorter than the peduncles, both
bearded with pili at the apex ; umbels capitate, 15-20-flowered ;
fruit glabrous, ribbed, emarginate at both ends. 7/ . B. S. Na-
tive of Brazil. Leaves and inflorescence like those of H. Ame-
ricdna.
Many-stemmed Penny-wort. PI. cr.
45 H. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 21.) plant tufted
and creeping ; leaves petiolate, reniformly orbicular, 7-nerved,
bluntly 7-lobed, dentately crenated, hispid beneath, glabrous
above ; umbels opposite the leaves, nearly sessile, 7-9-flowered ;
fruit glabrous, acutely 5-ribbed. y. . B. F. Native of the east
of Bengal, in Silhet. Petioles twice the length of the limbs of
the leaves, and are as well as the stems glabrous.
Round-leaved Penny-wort. PI. cr.
46 H. TENF/HA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 183.) plant tufted
and creeping ; leaves reniform, somewhat 7-lobed, crenated,
quite glabrous, shining ; umbels capitate, sessile, few-flowered.
If. B. H. Native of Nipaul. Allied to H. nitidula, but differs
in the leaves being less lobed, in the petioles being shorter, and
in the umbels being sessile.
Pliant Penny-wort. PI. cr.
47 H. ALA'TA (Rich. hydr. no. 50. f. 28.) plant quite gla-
brous ; stems erect, winged, compressed ; leaves cordate, bluntly
hastate, on short petioles ; peduncles longer than the petioles ;
umbels 4-6-flowered ; pedicels quite distinct ; fruit lenticular,
compress* d, furnished with 1 0 ribs on both sides. If. . B. F.
Native of New Holland. H. pusilla, R. Br. ined. but not of
Rich.
Winged Penny-wort. PI. -j to 1 foot.
48 H. MUSCOSA (R. Br. in Rich. hydr. no. 45. f. 27.) plant
rather hairy ; leaves palmate ; segments 3-5, narrow, cuneated,
tridentate at the apex ; peduncles shorter than the petioles ; um-
bels somewhat capitate, 6-8-flowered , fruit orbicular, rather
compressed, having 2 ribs on both sides. % . F. Native of New
Holland. Petioles nearly an inch long, glabrous.
Mossy Penny-wort. PI. cr.
49 H. TRIPARTI'TA (R. Br. in Rich. hydr. no. 46. f. 25.) plant
rather pilose ; leaves palmate : segments 3, cuneated, deeply
toothed : lateral ones usually bifid ; peduncles much shorter than
the petioles ; umbels rather capitate, 6-10-flowered; fruit orbi-
cular, didymous, furnished with 2 ribs on both sides. If. . F.
Native of New Holland. Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 628.
Flowers nearly sessile in the umbel, but after the flowers have
decayed the pedicels lengthen a little.
Tripartite-leaved Penny-wort. PI. cr.
* Umbels capitate, many-fiorvered, especially with from 8
to 30 nearly sessile Jloners.
50 H. PLEBE'IA (R. Br. in Rich. hydr. no. 20. f. 23.) plant
glabrous; leaves reniform, doubly crenated, 7-9-nerved; pe-
duncles shorter than the petioles; umbels capitate, globose, 12-
15-flowered; fruit furnished with 2 ribs on each side. I/ . B. F.
Native of New Holland. Heads of flowers small : leaves of in-
volucrum ovate, acute. Stems trailing. Petioles 1-2 inches
long.
Plebeian Penny-wort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. tr.
51 H. potYRHlzA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 65.) plant trailing, root-
ing at the joints ; leaves orbicular, cordate, with a narrow recess,
crenated, 9-11-nerved, glabrous on both surfaces, as well as on
the petioles ; peduncles villous at the apex ; umbels 20-flowered,
densely capitate ; pedicels elongated after flowering, the fruit is
therefore pedicellate ; fruit orbicula*, minutely dotted ; meri-
carps furnished with one rib on each side. if.. B. S. Native of
Brazil, in the neighbourhood of Rio Janeiro. Peduncles shorter
than the petioles, rarely longer. The disposition of the flowers
is intermediate between the first and second division of the
genus.
Many-rooted Penny-wort. PI. cr.
52 H. INCRASSA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 26. but not of
Rafin.) plant glabrous; leaves reniform, 7- 9-lobed, crenately
serrated ; serratures thickened, whitish ; petioles long ; umbels
many flowered, globose. %. G. Native of Peru, in shady
places at Tarma. Rich. hydr. no. 47.
Thickened Penny-wort. PI. cr.
53 H. NEPALE'NSIS (Hook. exot. fl. 1. t. 30.) the whole
plant scabrous from short scattered hairs ; leaves orbicularly re-
niform, 7-lobed, crenately toothed ; flowers monoecious ; umbels
globose, many flowered, dense; fruit turgid, without ribs. %..
B. H. Native of Nipaul, in wet places. Some of the umbels
apparently contain only male flowers, while others contain only
female ones ; these flowers are on short pedicels while young,
but afterwards these pedicels gradually lengthen out. It comes
very near to H. capita/a, and according to Sprengel is probably
not distinct from it.
Var. a, brevipes (D. C. prod. 4. p. 65.) peduncles at their
greatest length shorter than the petioles.
Var. ft, longipes (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles when bearing the
fruit longer than the petioles. H. hispida, D. Don, fl. nep.
p. 183.
Nipaul Penny-wort. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. PI. cr.
54 H. CAPITA'TA (Pet. Th. fl. trist. d'ac. p. 43. t. 12. but not
of Willd. nor Banks,) the whole plant hispid from long bristles ;
leaves orbicularly reniform, bluntly and obscurely 7-lobed, un-
equally crenated ; flowers monoecious ; umbels globose, many
flowered, dense, on short peduncles ; fruit rather turgid, dotted,
almost without ribs. If.. B. F. Native of the Island of Tristan
da Cunha. Rich. hydr. no. 22. t. 62. f. 29. Carm. fl. no. 15.
H. crinita, Pet. Th. in herb. Juss.
Capitate-flowered Penny-wort. PI. cr.
55 H. GLOBIFLORA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 25. t. 247. f.a.)
plant hairy from short down; leaves roundish-reniform, 13-
nerved, rather lobulate, crenated ; peduncles a little shorter than
the petioles ; umbels globose, many flowered, y. . B. F. Na-
tive of Peru, in humid places in woods by stagnant water, near
Muna. Nerves of leaves and fruit fulvous. Leaves of involu-
crum numerous, linear, and short. Flowers in each umbel
about 200.
Glube-Jlorvered Penny-wort. PI. cr.
56 H. CITRIOD6RA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. p. 26.) leaves re-
nifonn, 7-9-lobed, crenated, and are, as well as the petioles,
hairy, but pubescent beneath, as well as on the branches ; pe-
duncles densely villous, length of the petioles ; umbels small,
many flowered, globose, y. . B. F. Native of Chili, in shady
humid places about Conception ; and of Peru, in the tract of
Huanaco, as well as of Brazil according to Pohl.
Citron-scented Penny-wort. PI. cr.
57 H. KANUNCULOIDES (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 177.) plant gla-
brous ; leaves orbicularly reniform, 5-nerved, and somewhat 5-
lobed ; lobes obtuse, somewhat crenated : middle lobe more pro-
longed than the rest ; peduncles shorter than the petioles ; um-
bels 5-12-flowered ; flowers pedicellate. 1£.B.H. Native of
North America, in Pennsylvania and Mexico ; and of South
UMBELLIFER^E. I. HYDROCOTYLE.
253
America, as in Cuba and Chili. Spreng. umbel. 2. t. 1. f. 1.
Rich. hydr. no. 30. f. 18. Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. no. 372. H.
ranunculoides var. a, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 349. exclusive of the
synonymes. H. cymbalarifolia, Muhl. cat. p. 30. Ell. sketch.
1. p. 346. Fruit orbicular, somewhat cordate, smooth, ex Cham,
et Schlecht.
Crowfoot-like Penny-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. cr.
58 H. SPLE'NDENS (Blum, bijdr. p. 884.) stems creeping ;
leaves orbicularly cordate, obsoletely 7-9-lobed, unequally
crenated, shining on both surfaces, downy beneath ; umbels capi-
tate, 8-10-flowered, solitary, pedunculate. l/.B. S. Native of
Java, in humid grassy places, about Buitenzorg.
Shining-]ea.ved Penny-wort. PI. cr.
59 H. SIBTHORPIOIDES (Lam. diet. 3. p. 153.) plant quite gla-
brous ; leaves orbicularly reniform, doubly crenated, obsoletely
7-lobed, 7-nerved ; peduncles slender, about equal in length to
the petioles ; umbels 6-8-flowered, capitate ; fruit rather didy-
mous, furnished with 2 ribs on each side. Q. F. Native of
the Mauritius. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 273. in
a note. H. ranunculoides (3, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 349. Chon-
drocarpus sibthorpioides, Sweet, hort. brit. p. 185.
Sibthorpia-like Penny-wort. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1806. PI.
creeping.
60 H. E'LEGANS (Rich. hydr. no. 33. f. 32.) plant glabrous ;
leaves semi-5-cleft : lobes tridentate at the apex ; peduncles 3
times shorter than the petioles ; umbels capitate, 6-8-flowered ;
fruit didymous, furnished with 2 ribs on each side. If. . B. F.
Native of New Holland. Leaves 4 lines in diameter : petioles
nearly an inch long.
Elegant Penny- wort. PI. cr.
61 H. PULCHE'LLA (R. Br. in Rich. hydr. no. 34.) plant gla-
brous ; leaves reniform, rather peltate, 5-nerved, 5-lobed : lobes
bluntly tridentate ; peduncles equal in length to the petioles ;
umbels capitate, 10-flowered ; fruit didymous, furnished with
2 ribs on each side. % . B. G. Native of New Holland, near
Port Jackson. Petioles an inch long. Heads of flowers small.
Neat Penny-wort. PI. cr.
62 H. NITI'DULA (Rich. hydr. no. 35. f. 33.) plant quite gla-
brous ; leaves orbicularly reniform, 5-7-lobed : lobes tridentate ;
petioles 2 or 3 times longer than the peduncles ; umbels capi-
tate, 6-10-nowered. I/. B. S. Native of Java. Hook. exot.
fl. 1. t. 29. Allied to H. pulchella. Perhaps the same as H.
ranunculoides var. incisa, Blum, bijdr. p. 884.
Small-shining Penny-wort. PI. cr.
63 H. MINU'TA (Pohl, in litt. 1828. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 66.)
stems creeping ; leaves on short petioles, orbicular, cordate,
with a narrow recess, erenated, 7-nerved, pilose above, and on
the upper part of the petioles ; peduncles rather pilose, 3 times
longer than the petioles ; umbels 8-10-flowered, rather capitate ;
fruit small, roundish. I/ . B. F. Native of Brazil. Petioles 2
lines long. Limb 2-3 lines in diameter. There is a variety
with glabrous leaves according to Pohl.
Minute Penny-wort. PI. cr.
64 H. INDECORA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 668.) stems creeping,
smoothish ; petioles hairy, 5 times longer than the limbs of the
leaves, which are orbicularly cordate, 3-lobed, toothed, and
rather pilose ; peduncles hairy, a little shorter than the petioles ;
fruit small, ovate, glabrous, densely aggregate into a globose
head ; mericarps furnished with one rib on each side. Tf. . B. F.
Native of Chili. Poepp. pi. exsic. no. 98. Habit of H. sib-
thorpioides or H. minuta.
Undecked Penny-wort. PI. cr.
65 H. HETEROMEVRIA (Rich. hydr. no. 36.) plant glabrous ;
leaves reniform, 7-nerved, 7-lobed : lobes obtuse, crenated ; pe-
duncles much shorter than the petioles, which are flaccid ; um-
bels 6-8-flowered, capitate ; fruit smooth on one side, and tuber-
cular on the other, wrinkled and discoloured, furnished with one
rib on both sides. Tf.. B. H. Native of New Zealand. H.
flaccida, R. Br. mss. Petioles 2-4 inches long.
Variable-parted Penny-wort. PI. cr.
66 H. COMPA'CTA (Rich. hydr. no. 37.) plant villous ; leaves
orbicularly reniform, small, 7-nerved, deeply toothed ; peduncles
very short, in fascicles ; umbels 1 5-20-flowered, densely capi-
tate ; fruit rather didymous, furnished with 2 ribs on each side.
If.. H. Native of New Zealand. H. capitata, Banks and Sol,
mss. but not of Pet. Th.
Compact -headed Penny- wort. PI. cr.
67 H. PEDUNCULA'RIS (R. Br. in Rich. hydr. no. 38. f. 26.)
leaves small, orbicularly reniform, deeply toothed, rather 5-cleft,
glabrous above, hairy beneath ; peduncles equal in length to the
petioles ; umbels capitate, 6-8-flowered ; fruit lenticular, with 2
nearly obsolete ribs on both sides. Ij. . B. F. Native of New
Holland. Perhaps the same as H. peduncularis, Sieb. nov. holl.
exsic. no. 114. which is said to be glabrous; or it is perhaps
referrible to H. pulchella.
Peduncular Penny-wort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1823. P). cr.
68 H. INTERTE'XTA (R. Br. in Rich. hydr. no. 39.) plant gla-
brous ; leaves irregularly 3-5-lobed, 3-5-nerved : lobes denticu-
lated : middle lobe more prolonged than the rest ; petioles and
peduncles equal among themselves ; umbels densely capitate,
12-15-flowered ; fruit scabrous from wrinkles, furnished with 2
ribs on both sides ; carpophore permanent, undivided. 2£.?F.
Native of New Holland.
Interwoven Penny-wort. PI. cr.
69 H. HI'RTA (R. Br. in Rich. hydr. no. 40.) leaves orbicu-
larly reniform, hairy on both surfaces, 7-nerved, obsoletely 7-
lobed, crenated ; petioles hairy ; peduncles one-half shorter than
the petioles ; umbels densely capitate, 20-flowered ; fruit rather
didymous, furnished with 2 ribs on each side. y. . B. F. Na-
tive of New Holland. Leaves distant. Petioles hardly an inch
long. Stipulas membranous, permanent. ,
Hairy Penny- wort. PI. cr.
70 H. NOV^-ZEELA'NDI* (D. C. prod. 4. p. 67.) leaves orbi-
cularly reniform, hairy on both surfaces, as well as on the pe-
tioles, 7-nerved, obsoletely 7-lobed, acutely and irregularly
toothed ; peduncles glabrous, 4 times shorter than the petioles ;
umbels densely capitate, 10-12-flowered ; fruit rather didymous,
furnished with one rib on each side. Tf.. ? H. Native of New
Zealand. Petioles 12-15 lines long. Stipulas as in H. hirta.
New-Zealand Penny-wort. PI. cr.
71 H. DENSIFLORA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 66.) plant hairy ; leaves
orbicular, cordate at the base, 7-9-nerved, 7-9-lobed : lobes
broad, hardly acute, a little toothed ; peduncles opposite the
leaves, about equal in length to the petioles ; umbels densely
capitate, 30-40-flowered; fruit rather didymous, and are as well
as the pedicels glabrous ; mericarps furnished with one rib on
both sides. I/ . ? F. Native of New Holland. Nearly allied
to H. hirta, but differs from it in the peduncles being the length
of the petioles, not very short, and in the leaves being cordate,
not reniform.
Dense-flowered Penny- wort. PI. cr.
72 H. HIRSU'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 884. but not of Swartz nor
Spreng.) stems creeping ; leaves orbicular, cordate, somewhat
5-lobed, crenated, villous; umbels capitate, 7- 11 -flowered, pe-
dunculate, usually solitary ; mericarps furnished with 3 ribs.
It . ? S. Native of Batavia, in grassy places by the sea side.
It differs in the inflorescence from H. hirsuta of Swartz, which
is the H. spicata of Lam. H. hirsuta of Spreng. is a congeries
of species very different from each other.
Hairy Penny-wort. PI. cr.
73 H. GLOBA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 883.) stems creeping: leaves
roundish-cordate, angular, and are, as well as the peduncles,
254
UMBELLIFERjE. I. HYDROCOTYLE.
hairy; umbels glomerate, solitary or crowded, many flowered.
I/ . ? S. Native of the Island of Java, at the foot of Mount
Tjerimai. Said to be allied to H. hirsuta.
Globose-flowered Penny-wort. PL cr.
74 H. JAVA'NICA (Thunb. dlss. 2. p. 415. no. 17. t. 3.) plant
glabrous ; leaves orbicular, 7-lobed, 7-nerved ; lobes angular,
acute, crenated ; peduncles shorter than the petioles ; umbels
densely capitate, 20-flowered ; fruit orbicular, didymous, dotted
with purple. It. B. S. Native of the Island of Java. Rich,
hydr. no. 41. Lobes divided nearly to the middle of the limb,
ex Rich., but less divided in the figure given by Thunberg.
Peduncles 6-8 lines long, ex Rich., 1 inch long, ex Thunb.
Java Penny-wort. PI. cr.
75 H. ZEYLA'NICA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 67.) leaves glabrous,
orbicularly reniform, 7-nerved, 7-lobed : lobes acutish, coarsely
crenated ; petioles long, puberulous at the apex, as well as the
stems ; peduncles puberulous : ultimate ones opposite the vanish-
ed leaves, racemosely umbellate ; umbels densely capitate, 20-
flowered. Tj. . ? S. Native of Ceylon, near Candy, in fertile
places. Perhaps only a variety of H. Javanica. The heads or
umbels being disposed in racemes on the peduncles, distinguishes
it from all the species in this respect. Fruit when young purple,
dotted, but at length becoming fucescent.
Var.fi, Heyneana (Wall, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 67.)
peduncles bearing 8-10 small umbels at the apex ; pedicels be-
set with retrograde hairs. H. ranunculoldes, Heyne, mss. ex
Wall. Native of the East Indies.
Ceylon Penny-wort. PI. cr.
76 H. SUNDA'ICA (Blum, bijdr. p. 883.) stems sarmentose ;
leaves roundish-cordate, a little lobed, coarsely and unequally
crenated ; petioles and peduncles hairy below ; umbels sessile,
a little branched ; flowers in dense glomerules. 2/.B.S. Native
of the Malay Islands, in humid places.
Sunda Penny-wort. PI. sarmentose.
77 H. CHAM^MORUS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p.
303.) leaves reniform, somewhat 7-lobed, doubly crenated, gla-
brous ; peduncles short, and are, as well as the petioles, covered
with retrograde hairs ; umbels 20-30-flowered, capitate ; fruit
full of resinous dots ; mericarps with 3 ribs : ribs smooth : fur-
rows convex. I/ . B. F. Native of Chili, near Talcaguano.
Cloud-Berry-like Penny-wort. PI. cr.
78 H. GAUDICHAUDIA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 67.) plant smooth-
ish, dwarf, filiform ; leaves reniform, nearly orbicular, 9-nerved,
9-lobed, puberulous beneath, glabrous above : lobes ovate, tri-
dentate ; peduncles much shorter than the petioles, which are
puberulous; umbels capitate, 10-flowered; fruit glabrous;
mericarps ovate, with hardly prominent ribs. 7/ . F. Native
of New Holland, near Bathurst. Allied to H. moschata. Sti-
pulas broad, ovate, dotted.
Gaudichaud's Penny-wort. PI. cr.
79 H. MOSCHA'TA (Forst. prod. 136. but not of Schultes,)
plant hairy in every part ; leaves reniform, somewhat 5-lobed,
toothed, 5-nerved : lobes acute ; peduncles shorter than the
petioles, and more slender ; umbels capitate, 10-flowered; fruit
orbicular, didymous, furnished with 2 ribs on both sides.
2£.? F. Native of New Zealand. Petioles 1-1^ inch long.
Limbs of leaves 6 lines in diameter. Thunb. diss. 2. p. 414.
Rich. hydr. no. 42. f. 24.
Musky-scented Penny-wort. PI. cr.
80 H. GRosscLARioiDES (Rich. hydr. no. 43. f. 30.) plant
hispid ; leaves somewhat reniform, deeply 5-cleft ; lobes cunei-
form, obtuse, doubly serrated ; peduncles length of petioles ;
umbels capitate, 10-flowered. %.. B. S. Native of the Island
of Bourbon. Leaves of involucrum small, ovate-oblong. Pe-
tioles and peduncles 6-8 lines long.
Gooseberry-like-]eaved. Penny-wort. PI. cr.
1
* * * * Flowers disposed in verticillate interrupted spikes.
81 H. SPICA'TA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 153.) leaves reniformly cor-
date, roundish, 7-nerved, crenated, rather hairy on both surfaces
from scattered hairs ; petioles and peduncles hairy , peduncles 3
times longer than the petioles ; flowers in glomerate whorles,
disposed in interrupted spikes ; fruit didymous, without ribs.
If. . ? B. S. Native of St. Domingo and Porto Rico, &c. in
humid parts of mountain woods. Rich. hydr. no. 25. f. 15.
Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 351. H. hirsuta, Swartz, fl. ind.
occ. 2. p. 560. but not of Spreng. nor Blum.
^pile-flowered Penny-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. PI. cr.
82 H. BRACHYSTA'CHYA (D.C. prod. 4. p. 68.) stems filiform,
low, smoothish ; leaves reniform-roundish, 7-nerved, crenated,
pilose on both surfaces ; petioles shorter than the leaves, hairy ;
peduncles twice the length of the petioles, hairy ; spikes oblong,
continuous; fruit didymous, without ribs. "J/ . ? S. Native of
St. Domingo.
Short-spiked Penny-wort. PI. cr.
83 H. LEPTOSTA'CHYA (Rich. hydr. no. 26. t. 16. exclusive of
the country,) leaves reniform, 7-nerved, crenated, rather pilose
above, glabrous beneath ; petioles nearly 3 times longer than the
limbs, and are, as well as the peduncles, pilose ; flowers disposed
in interrupted spikes, with the whorles of flowers very remote ;
fruit orbicular, didymous, without ribs. Tf.. B. S. Native of
Cuba, in humid places near the Havannah. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 23. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 875. exclusive of
the variety from Jamaica. Very like H. spicata, but differs in
the leaves being glabrous beneath, in the whorles being remote,
and containing few flowers ; and in the peduncles not exceeding
the leaves.
Slender-spiked Penny- wort. PI. cr.
SECT. II. CENTE'LLA (meaning unknown to us). Lin. gen. 1051.
Lag. obs. aparas. 26. D. C. prod. 4. p. 68. Stems shrubby, erect-
ish. Leaves cuneated at the base, with the exception of only one
species, neither peltate nor cordate, as in the first section. Fruit
less compressed, with many ribs. — This section will perhaps form
a distinct genus when the fruit of the species is better known.
* Petals villous.
84 H. VILLOSA (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 175.) the whole plant more
or less villous ; leaves cordate, acute, nearly entire, 3-nerved ;
stem erectish, branched ; peduncles shorter than the petioles ;
umbels 3-flowered, capitate. T? . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Thunb. diss. 2. p. 413. Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c.
p. 273. Mercurialis A'fra, Lin. mant. p. 298. Centella villosa,
Lin. syst. veg. 13. p. 708. There is a larger variety with leaves
an inch long, and a smaller variety with leaves hardly 3-4 lines
long. Leaves nearly entire, obtuse, with a little point. Pedicels
1-flowered, some of them shorter than the petioles, but usually
longer.
Villous Penny-wort. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1795. PI. £ foot.
85 H. TRJDENTA'TA (Lin. fil. suppl. 176. Thunb. prod. p. 49.
diss. 2. p. 415. t. 3.) the whole plant clothed with tomentum ;
leaves oblong-cuneiform, narrow, 3-5-toothed at the apex ; stem
erectish ; peduncles rising in fascicles, very short ; fruit elliptic,
compressed, furnished with 4 ribs on each side. Jj . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Rich. hydr. no. 51. f. 37. Spreng.
in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 354. Bolax tridentata, Spreng. umb.
prod. p. 34. Allied to H. villosa from the villous petals, and to
H. Soldndra in the form of the leaves.
Tridentate-leaveA Penny-wort. PI. -| foot.
* * Petals glabrous.
86 H. TRI'LOBA (Thunb. diss. 2. p. 416. t. 3.) plant gla-
brous ; leaves broadly wedge-shaped, 3-5-nerved, 3-5-toothed
at the apex : teeth broad, acute ; peduncles shorter than the
UMBELLIFER^E. I. HYDROCOTYLE. II. CRANTZIA.
255
petioles ; umbels capitate, 3-flowered ; fruit compressed, some-
what didymous, furnished with 2 ribs on each side. Jj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Rich. hydr. no. 52. f. 36.
Cham, et Schlecht. Linnasa. 1826. p. 354. B61ax triloba,
Spreng. umb. prod. p. 34. Allied to H. tridentata, but differs
in the smoothness of all parts of the plant. Bracteas longer than
the flowers. Middle flower in each umbel fertile : lateral 2
sterile.
Three-lobed-\ea.ve& Penny-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1810.
PI. | foot.
87 H. SOLA'NDRA (Lin. fil. suppl. 176.) the whole plant
clothed with hoary tomentum, the petals only excepted ; leaves
petiolate, obovately cuneiform, bluntly 7-toothed at the apex ;
umbels pedunculate, 5-6-flowered ; flowers on short pedicels ;
leaves of involucrum ovate-lanceolate, glabrous inside. f? . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on hills. Lam. diet. 8.
p. 155. Rich. hydr. no. 53. H. tomentosa, Thunb. diss. 2. p.
416. Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 593. Solandra Capensis,
Lin. spec. 1407. exclusive of the synonymes. Perhaps numer-
ous species are here confused.
Var. a, longipes (D. C. prod. 4. p. 69.) peduncles exceeding
the leaves in length.
Var. j3, communis (D. C. I. c.) peduncles length of the leaves.
—Lam. ill. t. 188. f. 5. Sieb. cap. exsic. no. 140.
Var. y. ? longifblia (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles much shorter than
the leaves ; leaves cuneate, elongated. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Burchell. Perhaps a proper species.
Solander's Penny-wort. PI. -| foot.
88 H. CENTE'LLA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p.
375.) plant shrubby ; leaves oblong, cuneated or lanceolate, 3-
nerved, quite entire; umbels pedunculate, 3-5- flowered, with
usually only one male flower ; leaves of involucrum ovate-lan-
ceolate ; petals glabrous. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, where the plant varies much in form and habit.
Var. a, glabrescens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 69.) adult leaves gla-
brous, oblong-lanceolate. H. glabrata, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 176.
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 878. Centella glabra, Lin. amcen. 6. afr. p.
100. H. glabra, Thunb. fl. cap. 251.
Var. /3, latifblia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, cuneiformly
oval. H. bupleurifolia, Rich. hydr. no. 55. f. 39.
Var. y, linifolia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves clothed with canescent
hairs, linear-spatulate. — H. linifolia, Lin. fil. suppl. 176. Thunb.
diss. 2. p. 413. Rich. I.e.
Var. S, plantaginea (D. C. 1. c.) leaves canescent from hairs,
oblong. — H. plantaginea, Spreng. ne'ue entd. 1. p. 284. grundz.
t. 8. f. 5-7.
Centella Penny-wort." PI. ^ foot.
89 H. MONTA'NA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 1. p.
874.) plant shrubby, when young villous, at length glabrous;
leaves lanceolate, quite entire or somewhat tridentate, 3-nerved ;
petioles villous ; umbels 3-flowered, on short peduncles ; leaves
of involucrum 2, twice the length of the nearly orbicular corru-
gate fruit, f? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the
tops of mountains. A humble depressed branched shrub. Me-
ricarps tumid, with 5 filiform ribs, and flattish furrows.
Mountain Penny-wort. Shrub depressed,
90 H. VIRGA'TA (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 176.) plant shrubby, erect,
branched ; leaves linear-filiform, quite entire ; umbels peduncu-
late, 1-3-flowered ; flowers hardly pedicellate ; leaves of involu-
crum lanceolate ; fruit orbicular, obcordate, furnished with 2
ribs on each side: Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope,
ex Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 379.
Var. a, glaberrima (D. C. prod. 4. p. 69.) plant twiggy, quite
glabrous ; flowers polygamous and monoecious. H. virgata,
Lam. ill. t. 188. f. 3. Spren<j. syst. 1. p. 878.
Var. ft, lanuginbsa (D. C. 1. c.) plant twiggy, clothed with
lanuginous villi ; flower polygamo-monoecious ; leaves ex-
panded into linear lamina at the apex. Cham, et Schlecht.
Var. y, macrocdrpa (D. C. 1. c.) plant twiggy, glabrous;
flowers polygamo-dioecious ; fruit larger — H. macrocarpa,
Rich. hydr. no. 57. f. 40.— Pluk. aim. t. 310. f. 7.
Var. £, nana (D. C. 1. c.) plant short, glabrous ; flowers poly-
gamo-dioecious.
Twiggy Penny-wort. PI. -J to £ foot.
t Species not sufficiently known.
91 H. FLU'ITANS (B.C. prod. 4. p. 69.) stems submersed,
straight, fistular ; leaves peltate, orbicular, shining, floating ;
petioles thickened from the base to the apex. I/ . W. H. Na-
tive of Louisiana, floating in lakes and tranquil rivers, through
immense tracts. H. incrassatum, Rafin. fl. lud. p. 81. but not
of Ruiz et Pav. Hydrocotyle Robin, Louis, p. 461. ex Rafin.
It grows also in water in Florida, very common. The stems
have numerous fibres, issuing from the joints. The leaves are
on long petioles, orbicular, peltate, and 15-20-nerved, glabrous,
bluntly somewhat lobed, and crenated. Very like //. natans,
but differs in the leaves being peltate.
Floating Penny-wort. PI. floating.
92 H. HEDER^EFOLIA (Burch. cat. geogr. no. 558. trav. 1. p.
46.) plant decumbent, villous ; leaves reniform, 3-5-angled ;
angles acute. 1£ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. The
rest unknown.
Ivy-leaved Penny-wort. PI. decumbent.
93 H. RACEMOSA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C.
prod. 4. p. 70.) plant glabrous ; leaves petiolate, orbicularly re-
niform, broadly crenated, with a narrow recess ; peduncles twice
the length of the leaves ; flowers pedicellate, verticillate, dis-
posed in interrupted racemes; fruit nearly globose. I/. F.
Native of Mexico. Stems creeping. Leaves rising from the
nodi of the stems in fascicles ; petioles 12-15 lines long. Allied
to H. interrupta, but the leaves are not peltate ; and to H, spi-
cdta, but the flowers are evidently pedicellate.
/facewiose-flowered Penny-wort. PI. cr.
94 H. GRUMbsA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C.
prod. 4. p. 70.) plant glabrous ; stems ascending ; root grumose,
fascicled ; petioles dilated and stem-clasping at the base ; leaves
orbicular, cordate, crenated ; umbels in fascicles ; flowers dis-
tinctly pedicellate. 2/ . B. F. Native of Mexico.
Grumose-rooted Penny-wort. PI.
95 H. PINNATI'FIDA (Spreng. pug. 2. p. 47.) stems erect, gla-
brous ; leaves pinnatifid ; segments oblong, a little cut ; umbels
usually 3-flowered, involucrated. — Native country unknown.
In Sprengel's subsequent works this plant is not admitted, and
the name is omitted as a synonyme : it is therefore very
doubtful.
Pinnatifd-leaved Pennywort. PI. ?
Cult. All the species are of the most easy culture, but require
to be kept moist. The stove, greenhouse, and frame kinds
should be grown in pots, under which should be placed pans of
water.
II. CR A'NTZIA (in honour of Henry John Nepom Crantz,
author of Stirpium Austriacarum, 4to. Vienna, 1762-1768;
Classis Umbelliferarum Emendata, &c.) Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p.
177. Koch, in litt. ex D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 27. prod. 4. p. 70.
— Hydrocotyle species, Michx.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Tube of calyx nearly
globose ; limb very short or hardly any. Petals roundish, entire,
obtuse. Styles obtuse. Fruit roundish, with the commissure
nearly orbicular from the excavation ; mericarps unequal, fur-
nished with 3 ribs on the back (ex Nutt.), but according to
Koch 5 filiform ribs : the lateral ones marginal, broader, thick
256
UMBELLIFER&. II. CRANTZIA. III. DIMETOPIA. IV. EKIOENIA. V. MICHOPLEURA. VI. DIDISCUS.
white and spongy inside; the channels between the ribs fur-
nished with 1 brown distinct vitta each, and the commissure
with 2 vittse. — Small, glabrous, creeping herbs. Leaves sessile,
narrow, obtuse, quite entire, lined with 5 transverse nerves, as
the seminal leaves and petioles of Eryngium corniculatum. Pe-
duncles axillary, erect. Umbels simple, 8-10-flowered. Invo-
lucrum 5-6-leaved. Flowers white, pedicellate, hermaphrodite,
uniform.
1 C. LINEA'TA (Nutt. 1. c.) leaves sessile, cuneate-linear, ob-
tuse ; peduncles length of leaves ; umbels 8-10-flowered. I/.
B. H. Native of North America, in saltish, boggy, or inundated
places, from New Jersey to Florida, Hydrocotyle lineata, Michx.
fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 162. Rich. hydr. no. 54. f. 38. Ell. sketch.
1. p. 247. H. ligulata, Bosc. herb. H. Chinensis, Spreng. in
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 355. and perhaps of Lin. spec. p. 339.
Lined-leaved Crantzia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. cr.
2 C. ATTENUA'TA (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 2. p. 346.)
leaves elongated, attenuated, 3-times longer than the peduncles.
I/ . B. F. Native of Buenos Ayres. Differing from C. lineata
remarkably in its much longer and attenuated foliage.
Attenuated-\ea\e& Crantzia. PI. cr.
Cult. See Hydrocotyle above for culture and propagation.
III. DIMETO'PIA (from &/i£r<i«roe, dimetopos, having 2
faces ; in reference to the mericarps of the fruit being unlike
each other). D. C. prod. 4. p. 71.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx obsolete.
Petals oval-oblong, entire. Styles short. Fruit didymous ;
mericarps nearly globose, rather contracted at the commissure,
of unequal shape and size : the one muricated with rows of
blunt compressed tubercles, the other echinated by conical tu-
bercles, which are drawn out at the apex into soft prickles.
Seed ? — An annual herb, hardly a finger in height. Stem short,
branched, beset with scattered pili. Leaves tripartite ; lobes
cuneate, linear-oblong, bluntly tridentate at the apex, or trifid.
Peduncles opposite the leaves, and longer than them. Umbels
simple, usually 5-flowered. Involucrum of 5 linear-lanceolate
leaves, which are the length of the flowers. Flowers white. —
Habit almost of Erigenia ; the fruit agrees with that of Sani-
cula, and the petals with those of Hydrocotyle.
1 D. PUSI'LLA (D. C. 1. c.). O- H. Native of New Holland,
at King George's Sound, and at Port Western.
Small Dimetopia. PI. -j foot.
Cult. Sow the seeds in a warm sheltered situation, in the
open ground.
IV. ERIGEXNIA (from rjptyivtia, erigeneia, the name of
Aurora, the harbinger of day or of the spring ; in allusion to the
early appearance of the plant in spring). Nutt. gen. amer. 1.
p. 187. D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 27. prod. 4. p. 71. — Hydro-
cotyle species, Pursh. and Spreng. — Sison, spec, of Michx.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals equal, obovate, expanded, entire. Styles permanent, su-
bulate, very long. Fruit oval-lanceolate, laterally compressed ;
mericarps gibbously convex, marked with 3 stripes ; commissure
flat, without a margin.- — A small, smooth herb. Root tuberous,
globose. Leaves 1-2, radical, petiolate, biternate. Umbels ir-
regular, imperfect, 3-4-rayed : umbellules 3-5-flowered. True
involucrum wanting, but in place of it there is a multifid leaf;
leaves of involucel few, unequal. Petals white. Anthers ex-
serted, dark purple. This genus agrees with A'mmi in the
compound inflorescence, and with Bunium in the tuberous root.
1 E. BULBOSA (Nutt. 1. c.). I/ . B. H. Native of North Ame-
rica, in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Missouri, Tenessee, &c. in humid
and inundated places. Sison bulbosum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1.
p. 169. Hydrocotyle composita, and H. ambfgua, Pursh. and
Spreng. ex Nutt. 1. c. Spreng. umb. spec. 5. t. 5. f. 9.
Bulbous-rooted Erigenia. PI. ^ foot.
Cult. This plant should be grown in a pot, under which
should be placed a pan of water.
V. MICROPLEU'RA (from /uicpoE, micros, small, and
irXevpa, pleura, a rib ; the ribs of the fruit are small and capil-
lary). Lag. obs. aparas. p. 15. D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 27.
prod. 4. p. 71.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals equal, entire, acute. Fruit deeply cordate at the base,
rather foliaceous, emarginate at the apex ; mericarps compressed
from the sides, obliquely ovate, 7-ribbed ; ribs capillary, curvi-
linear, ventricose below : the marginal 2 are shorter, and form
a straight line ; the commissure is very narrow, one half shorter
than the mericarps. — Caulescent glabrous herbs, natives of Chili,
with the habit of Hydrocotyle ; but the umbels are rarely com-
pound. Mericarps of fruit probably 9-ribbed, having 2 of them
obsolete or hidden.
1 M. RENIFOLIA (Lag. 1. c.). Native of the Island of Chiloe.
Petioles dilated at the base. Leaves alternate, petiolate, cor-
dately reniform, 6-9-nerved, and veined, crenate, rather mem-
branous. Umbels terminal, pedunculate, 4- 5-rayed; involucrum
foliaceous, composed of 1 leaf; umbellules 3-4-rayed, surrounded
by small, 3-4-leaved involucels. Flowers 3, middle one fertile
and nearly sessile, and the 2 lateral ones are male, on short
pedicels.
Kidney-leaved Micropleura. PI. cr.
Cult. See Hydrocotyle for culture and propagation, p. 255.
VI. DIDI'SCUS (from IIQ, dis, twice, and £«TI.-OC, dislos, a
disk ; the mericarps appear like 2 disks). D. C. coll. mem. 5.
p. 28. t. 4. Hook. bot. mag. t. 2875.— Lampra, Lindl — Hu-
gelia, Rchb. consp. t. 144.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obso-
lete. Petals oval, entire, bluntish(f. 57. c.), imbricate in aesti-
vation. Styles diverging. Fruit nearly like that of Biscutella,
hence the name, emarginate at the base ; mericarps very much
compressed from the sides, without any vittae, a little muricated,
or beset with dot-like hairs, 5-ribbed ; ribs filiform : the 2 inner
ones near the commissure, very short : the 2 middle ones short
and curvilinear : and the dorsal one a little winged. Seed much
compressed. Carpophore undivided. — Herbs, natives of New
Holland. Stems terete, branched. Leaves variously parted,
or lobed : lobes rather cuneated, cut. Umbels simple. Invo-
lucrum of many leaves, which are concrete at the base (f. 57. «.).
Perhaps merely a section of Trachymene, but the margin of the
calyx is obsolete, not 5-toothed ; the petals obtuse, not acute,
and tlie fruit is compressed, not inflated, &c.
1 D. COSRU'LEUS (Hook. bot. FIG. 57.
mag. 2875. D. C. coll. mem. 5.
t. 4.) plant hairy ; leaves petio-
late, 3-parted; having the parti-
tions 2-3-cleft, and the lobes 2-
3-toothed ; umbels simple, on
long peduncles ; involucrum of
many leaves, when young re-
flexed. O- F. Native of New
Holland. Trachymene cyanaea,
Cunningh. mss. Trachymene
coerulea, Graham, in edinb. phil.
journ. 1828. Sept. p. 373. Lindl.
bot. reg. no. 1225. Hugelia
cyanae'a, Rchb. icon. exot. t. 201.
Flowers blue ; each umbel having
UMBELLIFER.E. VI. DIDISCUS. VII. TRACHYMENE.
257
the appearance of a head of the flowers of Scabiosa Caucdsica,
but the flowers are on longer pedicels : pedicels, after flowering,
twisted inwards, bearing the fruit, which lies within the invo-
lucel, but erect at maturity. Fruit, when young, rather hairy,
but in the adult state it is covered «ith minute tubercles. This
is one of the most showy plants of the order.
Blue-fiowered Didiscus. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1827. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
2 D. ALBIFLORUS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 72.) plant glabrous ; ra-
dical leaves on long petioles, palmate ; segments dilated at the
apex, cut, toothed ; cauline leaves few, small ; umbels simple,
on long peduncles. I/ . G. Native of New Holland, at Port
Jackson. Trachymene incisa, Rudg. in Lin. trans. 10. p. 300.
t. 21. f. 2. Fruit much compressed, beset with minute tuber-
cles. Petals white.
White-Jlmvered Didiscus. Clt. 1819. PI. 1| foot.
Cult. Sow the seed of these plants on a slight hot-bed in
spring, and when the plants are 2 inches high, plant them separ-
ately into small pots, and shift them from size to size of pots as
they grow.
VII. TRACHYME'NE (from rpax^e, trachys, rough, and
v/iriv, hymen, a membrane ; channels of fruit). Rudge, in Lin.
trans. 1811. vol. 10. p. 300. Spreng. umb. spec. p. 8. Koch,
umb. p. 143. D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 28. prod. 4. p. 72.— Azo-
rfclla, Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 74. Rich. hydr. p. 21. t. 52. f. 6.
but not of Lam. — Azorella species, Cav. — Fischera species,
Spreng. umb. prod. p. 27. but not of D. C. — Fischera, Lag. am.
nat. 2. p. 93. but not of D. C. — Catepha, Leschen. ined. — Sie-
bera, Rchb.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals elliptic, entire, acutish, straight at the apex, rather valvate
in aestivation ; styles diverging. Fruit didymous, compressed,
and contracted from the sides ; mericarps gibbously convex,
without any vittae, 5-ribbed : the 3 dorsal ribs and their channels
muricated with tubercles : lateral ones marginal. Carpophore
undivided. Seed gibbously convex, flattish in front. — Herbs or
subshrubs, all natives of New Holland. Umbels compound,
many-rayed : umbellules containing 3-12 flowers. Involucrum
of many leaves. This genus agrees witli Hydrocotylt; in the
fruit being compressed ; the rest agrees with Azorella. Poran-
thera of Rudge agrees with this genus in habit, but the structure
of the flowers is very different, and most probably belongs to
the order Tremandrece.
SECT. I. PLATYME'NE (from TT\O.TVQ, platys, broad ; stems
compressed). D. C. prod. 4. p. 72. Plant herbaceous. Stems
much compressed. Leaves small, cut.
1 T. A'NCEPS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 73.) plant glabrous, nearly
leafless ; stem 2-edged, branched ; leaves also at the tops of the
branches cut into a few fine lobes. 1£. G. Native of New
Holland. It agrees with T. compressa in the stem being com-
pressed, but it is one half narrower, the leaves more finely
cut, the umbel more slender. The fruit has not been seen,
but the analogy of the herb with the following species is suffi-
cient to indicate its belonging to the same genus.
Two-edged-branched Trachymene. PI. 1 foot.
2 T. COMPRE'SSA (Spreng. umb. spec. p. 9. exclusive of the
Chili specimen) plant glabrous, nearly leafless ; leaves very few,
small, binate or ternate : upper ones linear, entire ; stem 2-
edged, branched. %. G. Native of New Holland, on the
sandy coast. Azorella compressa, Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 75.
t. 101. Fruit compressed, obovate ; mericarps convex on the
back, 3-ribbed : ribs wrinkled from the tubercles. Involucrum
shorter than the pedicels.
Compressed Trachymene. PL 1 foot.
VOL. in.
SECT. II. DENDROME'NE (from Sevcpov, dendron, a tree ; in
reference to the species being shrubby). D. C. prod. 4. p. 73.
Plants shrubby. Leaves entire.
3 T. LINEA'RIS (Spreng. umb. spec. p. 7.) plant quite gla-
brous, shrubby ; leaves scattered, erect, linear, subulate and acute
at the apex. Jj . G. Native of New Holland, at Port Jackson.
Sieb. pi. exsic. nov.holl.no. 126. Azorella linearifolia, Cav.
icon. 5. t. 485. Azorella linearifolia, Pers. ench. 1. p. 303.
Fruit obovate, compressed ; mericarps 3-ribbed ; ribs rough
from rows of tubercles. Flowers yellow.
Zinear-leaved Trachymene. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1824. Sh.
1 to 2 feet,
4 T. TE'NUIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 73.) shrubby ; branches te-
rete, beset with glandular hairs at the apex ; leaves scattered,
spreading, linear, acute ; umbels few-flowered. ^ • G. Na-
tive of New Holland. Branches very slender. Leaves hardly
| line broad, and 3-4 lines long. Umbel trifid : umbellules
3-5-flowered. Ribs of fruit scabrous from tubercles. Very
like T. ericoldes.
Slender Trachymene. Shrub 1 foot.
5 T. SUBVELUTINA (D. C. 1. c.) shrubby ; branches terete ;
leaves linear, thickish, acute, velvety from short crowded down,
as well as the branchlets ; umbels crowded. fj . G. Native of
New Holland, at Port Jackson. The leaves are almost like
those of T. ericoldes, but differ in being velvety and erectish.
Branches hardly diverging.
Rather-velvety Trachymene. Shrub 1 foot.
6 T. ERICOIDES (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 121.) shrubby ;
branches rather angular, glabrous ; leaves linear, acute, spread-
ing ; umbels crowded, fj . G. Native of New Holland.
Branches numerous, spreading. Leaves a line broad, with the
margins hardly revolute when dried. Umbels 5-cleft : umbel-
lules 5-6-flowered. Fruit scabrous from tubercles on the ribs.
Heath-like Trachymene. Shrub.
7 T. LANCEOLA'TA (Rudge, 1. c. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 879.)
shrubby ; branchlets rather angular, glandular, and velvety when
examined by a lens ; leaves lanceolate-linear, nerved, erect ;
umbels crowded, many-flowered. fj . G. Native of New
Holland. Azorella lanceolata, Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 74. t. 99.
Leaves an inch and a half long, and 2 lines broad. Leaves of
the involucrum the length of the umbel. Umbels 5- 8 -rayed ;
umbellules 8-10-flowered. Branches sometimes terminated by
an 8-10-flowered, simple umbel.
Lanceolate-leaved Trachymene. Shrub 1 foot.
8 T. MYRTIFOLIA (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 1 25.) shrubby ;
branches rather angular, hardly glandular or puberulous, even
when examined by a lens : leaves oval-oblong, rather attenuated
at both ends ; umbels crowded, many- flowered. fj . G. Na-
tive of New Holland. Very nearly allied to T. lanceolata, but
differs in the leaves being 9-10 lines long, and 3 lines broad.
Umbels 8-10-rayed: umbellules 8-12-flowered.
Myrtle-leaved Trachymene. Shrub.
9 T. OVA'LIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 73.) shrubby ; branches
densely clothed with short hairs ; leaves oval, nerved, scattered,
nearly sessile, hardly attenuated at either end ; umbels many-
flowered, crowded. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. T. ovata,
Spreng. umb. spec. p. 8. (exclusive of the syn. of Labill.). Sieb.
pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 124. Perhaps only a variety of T.
myrtifblia.
Var. ft, conferta (D. C. 1. c.) leaves and branchlets much
crowded. ^ . G. Native of New Holland, at Port Jackson.
Perhaps a proper species.
Oval-leaved Trachymene. Shrub 1 foot.
10 T. OVA'TA (Rudge, 1. c. but not of Spreng. nor Sieb.)
shrubby : branches smoothish ; leaves broadly ovate, nearly ses-
sile, hardly longer than broad ; umbels crowded, many-flowered.
LI
258
UMBELL1FER..E. VII. TRACHYMENE. VIII. ASTROTRICHA. IX. XANTHOSIA. X. BOWLESIA.
fy . G. Native of New Holland. Azorella ovata, Labill. nov.
holl. l.p. 74. t. 100. T. buxifolia, Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl.
no. 122, Leaves 4 lines long, and 3 lines broad. Umbels
much crowded, small, 8-10-rayed.
Ovate-'le&ved Trachymene. Shrub.
Cult. All the species of Trachymene will grow well in a
mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and they may be increased by
cuttings, Under a hand-glass, or by seeds.
VIII. ASTRO'TRICHA (from aarpov, astron, a star, and
rp<x»e, thrix trichos, a hair ; in allusion to the starry down
on the outside of the petals). D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 29. t. 5.
and 6. prod. 4. p. 74. — Bolax species, Sieb.
LIN. SVST. Pcnldndria, Digynia. Tube of calyx ovate ;
limb small, hardly 5-toothed. Petals oval, acutish (f. 58. b ),
permanent, flat, velvety from stellate down on the outside.
Styles 2, filiform (f. 58. c.), not gradually thickening to the base.
Fruit crowned by the calycine lobules and petals; mericarps
ovate-oblong, contracted at the commissure ; ribs very blunt,
hardly prominent : of the primary ones there are 3 dorsal, and
2 marginal, which are more acute and not so evident : of the
secondary ones 4 ; vittae wanting on the back, but there are 2
rather prominent ones in the commissure, which are covered by
a spongy pellicle. — Australian, branched subshrubs, having
the branches, petioles, under side of leaves, and umbels beset
with white stellate hairs. Peduncles panicled, each ending in a
simple, many-flowered umbel. Bracteas under the branches
and branchlets solitary. Leaves of involucrum few and linear.
Habit almost of Hennas, but the fruit is very different. It dif-
fers from Bolax in habit, and in the fruit not being tetragonal.
1 A. FLOCCOSA (D. C. 1. c. t. FIG. 58.
5.) the whole plant is clothed with
flocky lanuginose down ; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, obtuse at the
base, and acuminated at the apex.
T; . G. Native of New Holland.
Bolax floccoides, Sieb. exsic.
nov. holl. no. 258. Leaves 3-6
inches long and 12-15 lines
broad ; petioles half an inch long.
Floclcy Astrotricha. Shrub.
2 A. LEDIFOLIA (D. C. 1. C.
t. 7.) plant clothed with short
adpressed down ; leaves oblong-
linear, coriaceous, acutish at both
ends. *2 • Gr. Native of New
Holland. Bolax ledifolius, Sieb. exsic. nov. holl. no. 257.
Leaves 20 lines long and 3 broad ; petioles 2 lines long.
Ledum-leaved Astrotricha. Shrub.
Cult. See Trachymene above for culture and propagation.
IX. XANTHO'SIA (from £ai/0oe, xanthos, yellow; in allu-
sion to the plants being clothed usually with yellow down)
Rudge, in Lin. trans. 1811. 5. 10. p. 361. t. 22. f. 1. Spreng.
in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 27. and 314. D. C. coll. mem. 5. p.
31. prod. 4. p. 74. — Leucolae'na, R. Br. gen. rem. without a
description. — Cruciella, Lesch. mss.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Tube of calyx ovate,
compressed; Iimb5-lobed; lobes ovate, acute, coloured a little.
Petals stipitate, oval, cuspidate at the apex, replicate. Stamens
opposite the calycine lobes. Stylopodia (glands, Rudge) 2,
thick, villous at the tops of the mericarps. Styles 2, filiform,
rising from the inner bases of the Stylopodia. Fruit compressed,
striated ; mericarps contracted at the commissure, 7-9-ribbed :
ribs filiform : 2 lateral ones marginal ; channels without vittae,
as well as the commissure, which is very narrow. — Australian
subshrubs, usually covered with stellate hairs. Leaves alternate,
simple, or tripartite. Umbels variable.
SECT. I. EUXANTHOSIA (this section is supposed to contain
the true species of Xanthosia, from eu, well, and Xanthosia}.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 74. Umbels axillary, simple, or bifid. Leaves
of involucrum small.
1 X. MONTA'NA (Sieb. fl. nov. holl. exsic. no. 248.) the whole
plant clothed with villi : some of them starry, and others simple
and elongated ; leaves ternate, rarely 3-lobed ; umbels axillary,
nearly sessile, simple, 1 -flowered ; involucra and involucels
2-leaved. Jj . G. Native of New Holland, on the moun-
tains. X. pilosa, Rudge ; the flowers are only referrible to
this plant.
Mountain Xanthosia. Shrub.
2 X. HIRSU'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 74.) the whole plant clothed
with hairs, some of which are stellate, and others simple and elon-
gated ; leaves sinuated, rarely 3-lobed ; umbels axillary, pedun-
culate, bifid; umbellules 1 -flowered ; involucrum 2-leaved;
involucels 3-leaved. >j . G. Native of New Holland, near
Port Jackson. X. pilosa, Rudge, only in the form of the leaves.
Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 247.
Hairy Xanthosia. Shrub.
3 X. TRIDENTA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 75.) young branches
strigose : adult ones glabrous ; leaves cuneated, acutely triden-
tate at the apex, tovnentose from starry down beneath, but gla-
brous in the adult state ; umbels pedunculate, axillary, bifid :
umbellules 1-flowered ; involucrum 2-leaved ; involucels 2-3-
leaved : leaves lanceolate. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, at
Port Jackson. Leucolae na tridentata, R. Br. mss. ex herb.
mus. par.
Tridentate-]eaved Xanthosia.
Shrub.
SECT. II. LEUCOL^NA (from XCVKOS, leucos, white, and \\atva,
chlaina, a garment ; in reference to the involucrum). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 75. Umbels terminal, 3-4-rayed. Leaves of invo-
lucrum large, white.
4 X. ROTUNDIFOLIUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 75.) branches densely
clothed with hairs, or rather rough from deciduous down ; leaves
reniformly orbicular, coarsely and acutely toothed ; umbels 3-4-
rayed : umbellules many-flowered ; involucra and involucels
3-leaved. fj . G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern
coast. Cruciella Candida, Lesch. in herb. Juss. Leaves of in-
volucrum lanceolate, hairy at the base : those of the involucels
broader, somewhat cordate, apiculated, glabrous. Fruit more
compressed in the young state.
Round-leaved Xanthosia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Trachymene, above.
X. BOWLE'SIA (in honour of William Bowles, an Irish
botanist). Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. prod. p. 44. t. 34. fl. per. 3.
p. 28. Spreng. umb. prod. p. 24. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 94.
Rich, hydro, p. 21. t. 51. f. S. Koch, umb. p. 142. D. C.
coll. mem. 5. p. 31. prod. 4. p. 75. but not of Poir.
LIN. SYST. Pent6ndria, Digynia. Tube of calyx compressedly
tetragonal ; limb 5-toothed. Petals elliptic, entire, acute. Fruit
ovate, much contracted at the raphe, turgid, rather tetragonal,
flattish on both sides at the back ; mericarps without vittse,
marked on the back by an oval impression ; with 5 obsolete ribs :
the 3 middle ones on the back : and the 2 lateral ones placed in
the commissure, which is flat. — Weak, South American herbs,
usually scabrous from stellate down. Leaves petiolate, oppo-
site, simple, lobed, or toothed. Umbels simple, axillary, few-
flowered. This genus is allied to Spandnthe.
1 B. PALMA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. t. 251. f. a.) plant
UMBELLIFERjE. X. BOWLESIA. XI. FRAGOSA. XII. AZORELLA.
259
erectish, beset with scattered, stellate hairs in every part ; leaves
palmately parted ; segments 3-5, jagged ; umbels 3-flowered :
upper ones on short, and the lower ones on long peduncles.
O. H. Native of Peru, in the province of Chancay, on sandy
hills. Plant 2 feet high, brittle, perhaps erect.
Palmate-leaved Bowlesia. PI. 2 feet.
2 B. LOBA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. t. 251. f. b.) plant decum-
bent, covered all over with fascicles of bristles or stiffish hairs ;
leaves reniform, 5-7-cleft, or with 5-7 deep crenatures ; umbels
3-5-flowered, pedunculate. Q. H. Native of Peru, in bushy
places, on the Andes towards Pillao. The bristles on the upper
surface of the leaves are 3-5 in a fascicle : those on the rest of
the plant are 8, and stellate.
Zo&ed-leaved Bowlesia. PL decumbent.
3 B. INCA'NA (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. t. 268. f. a.) plant procum-
bent, hoary from crowded stellate fascicles of hairs ; leaves
reniform-roundish, bluntly 3-5-cleft ; lobes entire or tridentate ;
umbels axillary, on short peduncles. Q. H. Native of Peru,
on hills in the tract at Huanaco Rondos and Pillao. Spreng.
umb. spec. p. 13. t. 5. f. 10. Petioles permanent, rather tendril-
formed. In cultivation the plant however becomes smoother,
longer, and more procumbent than in the wild state.
Hoary Bowlesia. PL procumbent.
4 B. TROPJEOLIFOLIA (Gill, and Hook, in bot. misc. 1. p. 325.)
plant clothed with stellate down ; stems procumbent, slender ;
leaves palmately 5-7-parted ; segments lanceolate, bluntish,
quite entire, with acute sinuses-: peduncles 3-flowered; fruit
small. V.F. Native of Chili, in shady places at El Salto de
San Isidro, and in the valleys of the Andes, towards Mendoza.
Stems filiform,
Far. j3, triparfita (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 346.) the
2 lower lobes of the leaves approximating, small, coarsely tri-
dentate from the middle. 1£. F. Native of Chili, about Val-
paraiso.
Tripceolum-leaved Bowlesia. PL pr.
5 B. TE'NERA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 860.) plant clothed with
stellate pubescence ; stems procumbent, slender ; leaves on long
petioles, reniform, 5-7-lobed : lobes obtuse, bifid or trifid ; pe-
duncles short, bearing a 3-flowered umbel each. I/ . H. Native
of Chili, about Conception, Valparaiso, Buenos Ayres, and Talca-
guana ; of Peru, on the mountains about Huanaco ; and of
Brazil, in dry fields about Monte Video, and at Porto Allegretto.
Link, et Otto, abbild. t. 4. B. nodifldra, Presl, in Haenk. herb.
ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 75. B. geraniifolia, Cham, et Schlecht. in
Linnaea. 1. p. 382. Hook, et Gill, in bot. misc. 1. p. 324. B.
incana, Hort. par.
Slender Bowlesia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1827. PL pr.
6 B. DICHOTOMA (Pceppig, diar. no. 363. pi. exsic. 95.) plant
erect, dichotomous, hoary from stellate fascicles of hairs ; leaves
short, petiolate, obovate, coarsely tridentate at the apex ; umbels
5-7-flowered, on long peduncles. O- H. Native of Chili,
about Valparaiso and the baths of Collina. Peduncles of um-
bels about equal in length to the leaves, or longer ; sometimes
simple, bearing an umbellule at the apex : sometimes bifid at the
apex, bearing 2 linear leaves, each of the branches bearing an
umbellule. This species, like the others, varies much in the
proportionate length of the peduncles : they are, however,
usually much shorter than the petioles.
Dichotomous-pednnc\ed Bowlesia. PL 1 foot.
Cult. The seeds may be reared on a hot-bed in spring ; and
when the weather gets warm, the plants may be planted out
into the open ground, in any warm sheltered situation.
XI. FRAGO'SA (in honour of John Fragosa, first physician
to Philip II. King of Spain). Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. prod. p. 43.
t. 34. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 93. Rich. hydr. in am. gen. sc.
phys. 4. t. 51. f. 4. D. C. prod. 4. p. 76. — Bolax, spec. Spreng.
Koch. — Azorella, spec. Lam. and Pers.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-
toothed, permanent. Petals oval, entire. Styles short. Fruit
ovate, almost didymous ; mericarps rather compressed from the
back and contracted at the commissure ; dorsal ribs filiform,
with 2 other obsolete ones very like them at the commissure,
vittae wanting. — Small, tufted, nearly stemless herbs, natives
of the Andes of Peru. Leaves small, toothed, or 3-5-cleft,
usually pilose. Umbels sessile or pedunculate ; pedicels about
equal in length to the involucrum.
1 F. CORYMBOSA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 27. t. 250. f. a.)
leaves imbricate, cuneiform, trifid, small, pilose on both sur-
faces ; umbels simple, few-flowered. If. . F. Native of Peru,
on the humid tops of the mountains called Muna at Tambo-
Nuevo. Azorella corymbosa, Pers. Bolax lycopodioides,
Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 361. Habit of Lycopodium or
Bolax. Umbels 2-4-flowered, Superior leaves expanded in a
stellate manner.
Corymbose- flowered Fragosa. PL ^ foot.
2 F. MULTIFIDA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 27. t. 249. f. a.)
leaves ovate, deeply toothed, strigose above ; petioles ciliated
with bristles ; umbels simple, 7(L . F. Native of Peru, on the
Andes, near Huassa-Huassi,, Azorella multifida, Pers. Bolax
multifidus, Spreng. Roots fusiform. Herb very short. Leaves
3-4 lines long. Leaves of involucrum subulate. Umbels few-
flowered. Rich. ann. gen.,sc. phys. 4. t. 51. f. 4. fruit only.
Multifid-]eaved Fragosa. PL -J- foot.
3 F. CBENA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 27. t. 249. f. c.)
leaves obovate, or roundish-ovate, crenately toothed, beset with
bristly hairs on both surfaces, and on the petioles ; umbels ses-
sile, simple. If. . F. Native of Peru, on cold hills at Huassa-
Huassi, in the province of Tarma, and in New Granada, ex
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 26. Azorella crenata,
Pers. Bolax crenatus, Spreng. Branches pilose, very short.
Herb low, tufted. Leaves numerous, 6-8 lines long. Umbels
containing about 14 flowers. Involucrum composed of 7 linear-
lanceolate leaves.
Crenated- leaved Fragosa. PL \ foot.
4 F. CLADORHIZA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 27. t. 250. f. b.)
leaves ovate, deeply serrated, shining above: each serrature
terminated by an acumen ; petioles winged, pilose, ciliated ;
umbels simple, nearly sessile, many-flowered. If. . F. Native
of Peru, on cold hills in the tract of Chavin, near Huamalies.
Azorella cladorhiza, Pers. Bolax cladorhizus, Spreng. Root
thick, much branched. Limbs of leaves length of petioles, about
3-4 lines long. Leaves of involucrum ciliated with pili.
Branch-rooted Fragosa. PL ^ foot.
5 F. RENIFORMIS (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 26. t. 249. f. b.)
the whole plant densely clothed with pili ; leaves reniform, cre-
nated ; petioles more than twice the length of the limbs ; scapes
much shorter than the petioles ; umbels simple, many-flowered.
y.. F. Native of Peru, in shady places, at Huassa-Huassi, in
the province of Tarma. Azorella renif6rmis, Pers. Petioles
3-4 inches long, with the limbs 1^ inch in diameter. Scapes of
umbels 10-12 lines long.
7?enj/brm-leaved Fragosa. PL -| foot.
Cult. If any of the species of this genus should ever be
introduced to our gardens, we would advise their being grown
in pots, in a mixture of sand and peat, and placed among other
alpine plants, so that they may be protected in winter by a
frame.
XII. AZORE'LLA (meaning not explained).
L! 2
Gaud, in ann.
260
UMBELLIFER^E. XII. AZORELLA. XIII. PECTOPIIYTUM. XIV. BOLAX.
sc. nat. 5. p. 104. t. 1. f. 1. but not of Rich. B.C. prod. 4.
p. 77. — Azorella species, Lam. — Bolax species, Spreng. Koch.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed,
permanent. Petals oval, entire. Styles short. Fruit ovate,
contracted at the raphe, and rather compressed from the back ;
mericarps semi-ovste, without any ribs or vittae ; ribs filiform,
hardly conspicuous. — Humble tufted herbs, natives of Magellan.
Leaves imbricate, entire or trifid, with the petioles sheathing or
dilated. Umbels nearly sessile, 2-8-flowered ; pedicels about
equal in length to the involucrum. Perhaps this genus is hardly
distinct from Frtigosa.
1 A. AR.ETIOIDES (Willd. herb, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 77.) leaves
imbricate, tripartite, coriaceous ; lobes oblong, acutish ; petioles
thick and rather corky, villous at the apex ; umbels nearly ses-
sile, simple, 4-flowered ; leaves of involucrum 4, equal in length
to the pedicels. 1(L. F. Native of Quito, on the high moun-
tain of Antisana. Fragosa aretioides, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 5. p. 27. t. 424. Bolax aretioides, Spreng. umb.
spec. p. 11. exclusive of the synonymes and character. B.
caespitosa, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 358. exclusive of the
synonymes. Fruit a little ribbed, (ex Kunth.)
Aretia-like Azorella. PI. ^foot.
2 A. LYCOPODIOIDES (Gaud, in ann. sc. nat. 5. p. 105. t. 3.
f. 1.) leaves imbricate, sheathing at the base, trifid, coriaceous ;
lobes subulate, acute ; sheaths funnel-shaped, ciliately toothed ;
umbels almost sessile, 2-3-flowered ; leaves of involucrum 2,
serrated. l/.F. Native of the Maclove or Falkland Islands.
D'Urvil, fl. mal. p. 47 This is a very different plant from
Bolax lycopodioldes, Spreng, which is now Fragosa corymbbsa.
Club-moss-like Azorella. PI. ^ foot.
3 A. FILAMENTOSA (Lam. ill. t. 189. f. 1. Vahl. symb. 3.
p. 47.) leaves oblong, coriaceous, quite entire, crowded ; petioles
dilated, ciliated with long bristles ; umbels nearly sessile ; leaves
of involucrum somewhat ciliated and bristly. ^. F. Native
of the mountains of Magellan and the Maclove Islands. A.
chamitis, Pers. ench. no. 3. D'Urv. fl. mal. p. 46. Bolax
filamentosus, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 359. There are
varieties of this plant with either an elongated or crowded habitj
and with the umbels either few or many-flowered, and the lower
ones 1 -flowered. Perhaps the same as Chamitis integrifdlia,
Gaertn. fruct. t. 22. f. 4.
Filamentose Azorella. PI. \ foot.
4 A. GILLIE sn (Hook, et Am. in bot. misc. 3. p. 346.) plant
densely tufted ; leaves petiolate, trifid ; umbels pedunculate,
4-10-flowered ; fruit utricular. 7£. F. Native of Chili, in the
valley of Uspallata, on the Andes of Mendoza, at the elevation
of from 6000 to 12,000 feet. Bolax Gilliesii, Gill, et Hook, in
bot. misc. 1. p. 325. t. 63. Root long, descending. Plant 2
inches high. This plant yields abundantly a gummy substance,
which is gathered by the natives, and employed by them in the
cure of headache.
Gillies's Azorella. PI. 2 inches.
5 A. WESHTOSA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 57. t. 484. f. 2.) leaves im-
bricated, spreading at the apex, thick, quite entire, and quite
glabrous ; umbels on short peduncles, G-8-flowered ; leaves of
involucrum one half shorter than the pedicels. I/ . F. Native of
Chili, on the higher mountains, called the Cordillera del Plan-
chon. A. crassifolia, Pers. ench. 1. no. 2. Fruit ovate ; having
the mericarps furnished with 3 slender stripes on the outside, as
in the genus Fragosa.
Tufted Azorella. PI. | foot.
6 A. PAUCOIVDES (D'Urv. fl. mal. p. 45.) leaves all radical,
long, pinnate ; segments or leaflets remote, opposite, short, pin-
natifid : lobes alternate, acutely cut ; scapes short, very hairy ;
involucrum 8-10-leaved; fruit glabrous, striated, nearly sessile.
i;. F. Native of the Straits of Magellan, along the rivulet
called Bougainville River. Root thick, fusiform. Umbels 3-8-
flowered. Leaves hardly an inch long, but still longer than the
scape.
Carrot-like Azorella. PI. 1 inch.
7 A. RANU'NCULUS (D'Urv. fl. mal. 1. p. 46.) stem stoloni-
ferous, very short ; leaves on long petioles, 5-parted ; partitions
3-lobed at the apex, obtuse ; umbels axillary, on short pedun-
cles ; leaves of involucrum 5, lanceolate, acute, ciliated at the
base, about equal in length to the flowers. If. . F. Native of
the Straits of Magellan, along with the last. Habit of a small
Hydrocotyle or Ranunculus. Fruit round, hardly pedicellate,
crowned by the calycine teeth. Umbels 4-6-flowered. Petals
greenish yellow.
Crowfoot-like Azorella. PI. ^ foot.
Cult. See Fragosa, p. 259. for culture and propagation.
XIII. PECTOPHYTUM (from ,n,m>c, pektos, compact,
and tivrov, phyton, a plant; a compact tufted plant). H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 28. D. C. prod. 4. p. 78.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx entire.
Petals unequal, acute, and a little inflexed at the apex. Styles
short, straight. Fruit ovate-elliptic ; mericarps rather convex
on the back, semi-oval, 5-ribbed, without any vittae ; ribs fili-
form ; commissure flattish. — A tufted herb. Leaves crowded,
imbricate, coriaceous, trifid, glabrous ; petioles permanent.
Flowers white, in crowded fascicles at the tops of the branches,
and solitary in the axils of the bracteas, pedicellate. Bracteas
ciliately toothed. — This genus is allied to Bolax and Fragosa,
but it differs from the first in the form of the fruit, and from the
last in the margin of the calyx being entire.
1 P. PEIHJNCULA'RE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 29.
t. 425.) "I/.. F. Native of Quito, in plains on the top of
Mount Antisana. Bolax pedunculatus, Spreng. umb. spec. p.
10. Azorella pedunculata, Willd. herb.
Peduncled-fiovfered Pectophytum. PI. ^ foot.
Cult. See Fragosa, p. 259. for culture and propagation.
Tribe II.
MULI'NE^E (this tribe contains plants agreeing with Mull-
num in important characters), or OrthospermsE imperfecte Um-
bellatse, parallele biscutatae, D. C. prod. 4. p. 78. — -Hydro-
coty'leae Mulineee, D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 32. Mericarps much
contracted at the commissure, without any vittae ; ribs 5, usually
filiform. Fruit compressed from the back, hence it is square.
Petals spreading, flat, entire in all the genera, with the excep-
tion of Asteriscium.
XIV. BO'LAX (from /3w\a£, bolax, a synonyme of /3w\oc,
bolos, a bole or lump ; the plant grows in dense tufts, hollowed
in the middle). Comm. in Juss. gen. p. 226. Gaud. fl. mal. in
ann. sc. nat. 5. p. 104. t. 3. f. 1. D. C. prod. 4. p. 78.— Bolax
species, Spreng. Azorella species of Lam.
LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx entire,
hardly conspicuous. Petals oval, entire. Styles short. Fruit
tetragonal, concave in the disk ; mericarps with 5 nerve-formed
smooth ribs, 1 dorsal, 2 in the middle forming the angles,
and 2 filiform inner ones ; commissure very narrow. — A tufted
herb, with the habit of Aretia. Leaves imbricate, trifid, gla-
brous, coriaceous : lobes ovate, obtuse ; petioles membranous,
rather corky, with the margins not ciliated. Umbels simple,
nearly sessile, 4-flowered. Leaves of involucrum 4, about equal
in length to the pedicels. Fruit while young furnished with stel-
late down.
1 B. CLEBA'RIA (Comm. ined. ex Gaud. ann. sc. nat. 5. p.
104. t. 3. f. 2.) I/. F. Native of the Straits of Magellan, on
the mountains ; in the Maclove or Falkland Islands ; Chili and
UMBELLIFER^:. XV. MULINUM. XVI. LARETIA. XVII. DRUSA. XVIII. HUANACA.
261
Patagonia. D'Urv. fl. inal. p. 47. Gommier, Pern, voy. 2. p. 7.
and 65. ex D'Urv. Hydrocotyle gummifera, Lam. diet. 3. p.
156. ill. p. 189. f. 21. Bolax gummifera and B. complicate,
Spreng. umb. spec. p. 9. and p. 10. Azorfella caespitosa, Vahl,
symb. 3. p. 48.
Clebaria Bolax. PL £ foot.
Cult. See Fragbsa, p. 259. for culture and propagation.
XV. MULFNUM (an ancient name of an umbelliferous
plant). Pers. ench. 1. p. 309. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 94. D. C.
coll. mem. 5. p. 32. D. C. prod. 4. p. 79. but not of Gaudin. —
Bolax species of Spreng. — Selinum species of Cav.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Limb of calyx 5-toothed,
permanent. Petals oval-oblong, acute, flat. Styles acute.
Fruit 4-\vinged or parallelly biscutate ; mericarps without vittae,
very much contracted at the commissure, compressed on the back,
5-ribbed ; middle rib on the back nerve-formed, as well as the
2 lateral ones, the 2 intermediate ones expanded into ample
lateral wings. — SufFruticose tufted herbs, natives of Chili. Leaves
3-5-cleft or undivided ; petioles sheathing. Umbels simple ;
pedicels longer than the many leaved involucrum. Flowers yel-
low. This genus, according to Lagasca, is probably divisible
into several.
1 M. SPINOSUM (Pers. ench. 1. p. 309.) cauline leaves trifid;
segments subulate and spiny : lateral segments bipartite ; pe-
tioles sheathing, glabrous ; peduncles longer than the leaves ;
leaves of involucrum distinct, short, spreading a little ; fruit
orbicular. "%. . F. Native of Chili, on the highest mountains,
called Cordillera del Planchon and del Portillo, towards Men-
doza; between Los Ojos de Agua, and El Rio de Los Ojos de
Agua ; Andes of Chili, and Cordillera of Chili, at the elevation
of 5,500 or 7,000 feet. Selinum spinosum, Cav. icon. 5. p. 59.
t. 487. f. 1. Bolax spinosus, Spreng. in Schultes, 6. p. 362.
exclusive of the synonymes. Stems half a foot high. Umbels
10-12-flowered. Petals of a reddish yellow-colour.
Spiny Mulinum. PI. ^ foot.
2 M. PROLI'FERUM (Pers. 1. c.) cauline leaves trifid ; segments
subulate, spinose ; petioles sheathing, glabrous ; leaves of in-
volucrum short, distinct, rather spreading ; umbels peduncu-
late, longer than the leaves ; fruit orbicular. Tj. . F. Native
of South America, at Port Desire ; and of Chili, on the Andes
of Mendoza between San Isedro and Portezuela, on the declivi-
ties of mountains at the elevation of 5,000 to 10,000 feet.
Selinum proliferum, Cav. icon. 5. p. 58. t. 486. f. 1. Bolax
prolifer, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 361. Root twisted.
Stems 3-4 inches high, covered by the sheaths. Leaves gla-
brous. Umbels 5-7-flowered, sometimes proliferous. Petals
yellow.
Proliferous Mulinum. PI. ^ foot.
3 M. CUNEA'TUM (Hook, and Arn. in Beech, bot. 1. p. 26.)
leaves wedge-shaped, trifid, and sometimes 5-6-cleft: each lobe
ending in a spiny point ; sheaths of leaves elongated, stiff,
ciliated ; umbels many flowered, on short peduncles. -If. . F.
Native of Chili, about Valparaiso, and on the mountains of Val-
paraiso ; and at Huilquilema, in the province of Rare. Azo-
rella spinosa, Pers. ench. 1. p. 303. Fragosa spinosa, Ruiz et
Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 27.
Cuneated-leaved Mulinum. PI. -^ foot.
4 M. ULI'CINUM (Gill, et Hook, in bot. misc. 1. p. 328. t. 64.)
leaves trifid : segments subulate, spiny ; umbels nearly sessile,
terminating the very short branches ; fruit elliptic. ^ . F. Na-
tive of Chili, near La Cienega de Bonillo, near the tops of the
Uspallata range of mountains, at the elevation of 9,500 feet.
M. echinus, D. C. prod. 4. p. 79. Bolax echinus, Presl. mss.
A glabrous, much branched, humble, odoriferous plant. Petals
marked by an elevated longitudinal line in the middle. Leaves
of involucrum linear-subulate.
Furze-like Mulinum. Shrub -^ to ^ foot.
5 M. MICROPHY'LLUM (Pers. 1. c.) cauline leaves imbricate,
minute, tripartite : lobes linear-lanceolate, each terminated by a
hair ; petioles stem-clasping, ciliated at the base. Tj . F. Native
of South America, at Port Desire. Selinum microphyllum, Cav.
icon. 5. p. 59. t. 486. f. 2. Petals reddish, yellow in the dried
state. Stem shrubby, 3 inches long, branched, covered by the
sheaths.
Small-leaved Mulinum. PI. ^ foot.
C M. ALBOVAGINA'TUM (Gill, et Hook, in bot. misc. 1. p.
328.) leaves trifid ; segments ovate-lanceolate, mucronate ; um-
bels axillary, small, few-flowered, sessile. T? . F. Native of
Chili, at Cerro de la Polcura, on the Andes of Mendoza. Shrub
branched, dichotomous.
White-sheathed Mulinum. PI. | foot.
Cult. See Fragosa, p. 259. for culture and propagation.
XVI. LARE'TIA (Llareta is the vernacular name of the
plant). Gill, et Hook, in bot. misc. 1. p. 329. t. 65.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals ovate, entire. Fruit elliptic, square, flatly compressed
from the back, 4-winged ; mericarps lenticular, with dorsal ribs,
and 2 lateral marginal ones, destitute ofvittse. Seed flat.
1 L. ACAO'LIS (Gill, et Hook. 1. c.) Tf.. F. Native of the
Andes of Chili, in Ell Valle de Fray Carlos, at the elevation of
10,000 feet; Cordillera of Chili, Los Ojos de Agua. Mulinum
acaule, Pers. ench. 1. p. 309. Selinum acaiile, Cav. icon. 5. p.
59. t. 487. Root thickish, rather fusiform, woody. Plant
tufted. Leaves ovate, attenuated at the base ; umbel radical,
sessile.
Stemless Laretia. PI. -J- foot.
Cult, See Fragosa, p. 259. for culture and propagation.
XVII. DRU'SA (in honour of M. Le Dru, a French botanist
and traveller). D. C. ann. mus. 10. p. 466. t. 38. Spreng. umb.
prod. p. 15. f. 6. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 94. D. C. prod. 4. p. 80.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Limb of calyx entire, not
perspicuous. Petals oval, entire. Fruit oval ; mericarps much
compressed on the back, without any vittse : the dorsal rib and
the 2 inner ones linear, and not prominent : the 2 intermediate
ones are drawn out into marginal repandly sinuated wings, having
the sinuses obtuse, and the angles furnished with hooked stellate
spinules. Seed much compressed. — A decumbent slender stoni-
ferous herb, native of TenerifFe. Leaves opposite, petiolate,
broadly 3-lobed, crenated. Hairs on divers parts of the plant
very different, some of which are stiff, stellate, and hooked at
the apex ; others are soft, simple, solitary, or in stellate fasci-
cles. Umbels axillary, pedunculate, 1-2-flowered, without any
involucrum. Flowers small, white. Plant with the habit of
Bomlesia, but the fruit is very different.
1 D. OPPOSITIFOLIA (D. C. 1. c.) Q. H. Native of Tenerifle,
on shady rocks between Port Orotava and Monte Verde. Sicyos
glandulosa, Poir. diet. 7. p. 155. Bowlesia oppositifolia, Buch.
uebers. can. p. 34. Poir. ill. gen. 3. p. 590. t. 934.
Opposite-leaved Drusa. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. cr.
Cult. Sow the seeds of this plant in the open ground in any
warm situation.
XVIII. HUANA'CA (meaning not explained). Cav. icon. 6.
p. 18. t. 528. f. 2. D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 32. prod. 4. p. 80.—
Oenanthe species, Spreng. — Spananthe species, Lag. am. nat. 2.
p. 93.
262 UMBELLIFERjfc. XVIII. HUANACA. XIX. DIPOSIS. XX. SPANANTHE. XXI. HOMALOCARPUS. XXII. POZOA.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx hardly
5-toothed. Petals lanceolate, entire. Styles 2, divaricate. Fruit
ovate, acutish ; mericarps rather compressed on the back : flat
inside, and with one furrow : convex on the outside, and fur-
nished with 3 lines : lines or ribs rather elevated ; carpophore
bifid — Herbs perennial. Roots thick. Leaves radical, petio-
late, palmately 5-parted ; petioles dilated and ciliated at the
base. Stems or scapes naked. Umbels simple. Involucrum
of many spiny-ciliated leaves. Flowers on long pedicels, of a
reddish yellow-colour: outer ones of each umbel male. Allied
to MuUnum and Spandnthe.
1 H. CAVANILLE' sn (D. C. prod. 4. p. 8 1 .) stems scape-formed,
trifid at the apex, and bearing 2 opposite sessile tripartite leaves ;
umbels 3 on each stem : lateral ones on long, and the middle on
a short peduncle ; segments of leaves filiform, multifid. I/ . F.
Native of South America, at the Straits of Magellan, and Port
Desire. H. acaulis, Cav. icon. 6. t. 528. f. 2. Oenanthe Hu-
anaca, Spreng. umb. prod. p. 37. and in Schultes, syst. 6. p.
628. Spananthe Huanaca, Lag. 1. c.
Cavanilles's Huanaca. PI. ^ foot.
2 H. GERANIIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 81.) scapes leafless,
simple, bearing only one simple umbel ; segments of leaves linear,
undivided. % . F. Native of Mexico. Bolax geraniifolius,
Presl, mss. Herb 1-2 inches high. Scapes numerous, a little
longer than the petioles. Umbels 15-20-flowered. Leaves of
involucrum linear, few, ciliated at the base.
Geranium-leaved Huanaca. PI. \ foot.
Cult. See Fragbsa, p. 259. for culture and propagation.
XIX. DIPCVSIS (from tits, dis, twice, and jroirtc, posts, a
husband ; in reference to there being 2 male flowers in each um-
bellule, and only one fertile). D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 33. t. 3.
f. O. prod. 4. p. 81. — Hydrocotyle species, Lam. Cav. — Spa-
nanthe species, Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx bluntly
5-toothed. Petals oval, flat, entire. Styles short. Fruit orbi-
cular, biscutate; mericarps compressed from the back, joined with
the narrow commissure, and therefore constituting 2 parallel
disks ; dorsal rib filiform, 2 lateral ones hidden, and the middle
ones girding the disk ; vittae wanting ; furrows between the ribs
broad and flat. — Stemless glabrous herbs, natives of Chili and
Brazil. Leaves all radical, petiolate, ternate : leaflets wedge-
shaped, toothed or cut at the apex ; the lateral segments some-
times 2-parted. Scapes longer than the leaves. Umbels com-
pound, 6-8-rayed ; peduncles much longer than the involucrum,
which is 4-5-leaved. Umbellules 3-flowered, middle flower fer-
tile, lateral 2 male ; hence the generic name. Flowers white.
The fruit is like that of Mulinum, and the inflorescence that of
Petdgnia.
1 D. SANICULJEPOLIA (D. C. 1. c.) roots fusiform ; leaves ter-
nate : leaflets wedge-shaped, tridentate : lateral leaflets sometimes
2-parted; umbels 6-8-rayed. %. F. Native of Monte Video.
Hydrocotyle saniculaefolia, Lam. diet. 3. p. 154. Cav. icon. 5.
p. 60. t. 488. f. 2. Spananthe saniculaefolia, Spreng. in Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 357. Mulinum saniculacfolium, Desv. in herb. Juss.
Sanicle-leaved Diposis. PL i to -| foot.
2 D. BULBOCA'STANUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 668.) root tuber-
ous, globose ; leaves many-parted. 7(..F. Native of Chili, in
sterile pastures, at Rancagua. Bunium Bulbocastanum ? Bertero,
herb. Herb glabrous. Root black on the outside, nearly like
that of Carum denudatum or C. Bulbocastanum. Umbels com-
pound, 3-4-rayed, surrounded by a 3-5-leaved involucrum ; um-
bellules 3-flowered. Fruit parallelly biscutate.
Earth-nut Diposis. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. See Fragosa, p. 259. for culture and propagation.
XX. SPANA'NTHE (from <77r<w>e, spanos, rare, and avSos,
anthos, a flower ; flowers few in the umbels). Jacq. coll. 3. p.
247. Spreng. umb. prod. p. 34. Rich. hydr. p. 20. t. 50. f. 2.
Koch, umb. p. 142. f. 66-68. D. C. prod. 4. p. 81.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Limb of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals elliptic, entire, acutish, with a straight apex. Fruit ovate,
much compressed at the raphe, flat, and compressed from the back
on both sides ; mericarps flat, without any vittae ; ribs 5, very
slender, equal, 3 intermediate ones on the back, and the 2 lateral
ones seated in the commissure, which is flat. Seed flat. — A
South American branched erect herb, glabrous in every part,
except on the petioles, which are ciliated along the sheaths, and
ornamented with a collar of hairs under the origin of the limb.
Leaves cordate, toothed, acute. Umbels rather compound, pro-
liferous. Involucra composed of many leaves. Flowers white
on long pedicels.
1 S. PANICULA'TA (Jacq. 1. c. and icon. rar. 3. t. 350.) 0. S.
Native of South America, in Trinidad, and the Spanish Main, as
well as of Peru. Hydrocotyle spananthe, Willd. spec. 1. p.
1363. Phellandrium ciliatum, Willd. herb. Perhaps the Peru-
vian plant is the same as that from the Spanish Main, but it is
much smaller and hardly panicled.
Panicled Spananthe. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1795. PI. 1 to 2-ft.
Cult. The seeds of this plant should be raised on a hot-bed,
and when the plants are of sufficient size plant them into
separate pots, and then place them in the stove, where they will
flower and seed ; and some may be planted out in the. open
ground. Not worth cultivating except in botanic gardens.
XXI. HOMALOCA'RPUS (from o/^aXoc, homalos, equal,
and Kapirof, karpos, a fruit). Hook, and Arn. in hot. misc. 3.
p. 348.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed :
teeth subulate, minute, hardly permanent. Petals ovate, con-
cave, entire. Styles 2, divaricate, short. Fruit roundish-ovate ;
mericarps compressed on the back, flat, wingless, constituting
2 parallel disks ; commissure very narrow ; ribs 5, filiform,
very slender, hidden in the substance of the pericarp, one
dorsal, 2 lateral ones near the raphe, 2 middle ones forming the
angles, without any vittae ; carpophore entire. Seed less than
the cavity of the fruit.— Herb annual, erectish, hoary from stel-
late hairs, dichotomously branched. Root slender, simple.
Leaves petiolate, reniform-roundish, somewhat 5-lobed ; lobes
equal, ovate, obtuse, quite entire or deeply lobed ; lower leaves
alternate: superior ones opposite. Peduncles axillary and ter-
minal, about equal in length to the petioles. Umbels simple,
3-6-flowered. Teeth of calyx pilose, almost emulating a fascicle
of hairs. Fruit nearly twice the length of their pedicels, which
are a line long. This genus comes near to Spandnthe.
1 H. BOWLESIOIDES (Hook, et Arn. 1. c.) Q. H. Native of
the Cordillera of Chili. The ridges or ribs of the fruit are only
to be seen on a transverse section of the fruit, because they are
sunk in a thin substance of the pericarp. The middle ridges
do not expand into wings as in Mulinum, and some other allied
genera.
Bowlesia-like Homalocarpus. PI. \ to -y foot.
Cult. See Spandnthe above for culture and propagation.
XXII. POZOA (name given by Lagasca in honour of some
Spanish botanist of the name of Pozo). Lag. gen. et spec. nov.
p. 13. no. 163. am. nat. 2. p. 93. D. C. prod. 4. p. 82. Gill, et
Hook, in bot. misc. 1. p. 330. t. 66.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Calyx 5-toothed, perma-
UMBELLIFERjE. XXII. POZOA. XXIII. ASTERISCIUM. XXIV. ACTINOTUS. XXV. PETAGKIA.
263
nent. . Petals entire. Fruit prismatically tetragonal, 5-ribbed,
crowned by the calyx, emarginate at the apex ; mericarps con-
cave and channelled on the back : lateral ribs close, nearly in
straight lines ; commissure much contracted. — Herb. Leaves on
long petioles, simple, cuneated, profoundly toothed at the apex,
quintuple nerved. Umbels simple. Involucrum obsoletely lobed,
crenately toothed, many nerved : nerves branched a little. — This
genus is allied to Astrantia and Mullnum.
1 P. CORIA'CEA (Lag. gen. et spec. 1. c.) If.. F. Native of
the Cordillera of Chili, in various places at Santa Madre Los
Impossibles, and other places on the Andes of Chili between
Mendoza and Chili. Mullnum angulatum, D. C. prod. 4. p. 86.
Hacquetia bracteogama, D. C. prod. 4. p. 668.
Coriaceous Pozoa. PI. -| foot.
N.B. There are two other species of this genus mentioned
by Lagasca in am. nat. 2. p. 94. under the names of P. dentim-
lata and P. inclsa, but these he has not described.
Cult. See Fragbsa, p. 259. for culture and propagation.
XXIII. ASTERI'SCIUM (from a<7njp, aster, a star ; in re-
ference to the starry involucels or umbels). Cham, and Schlecht.
in LinnEea. 1. p. 254. t. 25. f. I. D. C. prod. 4. p. 82 — Pozoa,
spec. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 116. — Cassidocarpus, Presl, in herb.
Hsenke.
LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-toothed, perma-
nent : teeth ovate. Petals ending in an inflexed point, emargi-
nate, with the recess callous. Fruit compressed, tetragonally
prismatic, crowned by the calyx, rounded at the base ; mericarps
5-ribbecl, 2 intermediate ribs expanded into wings, central one
as well as the 2 placed near the raphe stripe-formed : having the
furrows between the ribs destitute of vittse ; commissure very
narrow. Seed unknown. — Quite glabrous perennial herbs.
Stems terete, branched, few-leaved. Leaves petiolate, simple,
roundish-cuneated, unequally toothed, somewhat 3-lobed, 3-5-
nerved, rather coriaceous. Umbels simple, nearly globose. In-
volucrum many leaved, shorter than the umbel. Flowers either
sterile and male, on long pedicels, or fertile and hermaphrodite in
the same umbel. — This genus differs from Pozoa and Mullnum
in the petals being emarginate, not entire.
1 A. CHILE'NSIS (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c.) leaves 3-lobed,
deeply serrated ; peduncles elongated, scattered ; petals deeply
emarginate, ending in a long involute point ; fruit narrowest at
the base ; leaves of involucrum lanceolate, cut. l/.F. Native of
Chili, in dry sandy places about Talcaguano, and about Concep-
tion ; Cuesta de Zapata, at the elevation of 6,000 feet ; cliffs by
the sea side at Valparaiso. Hook. bot. misc. 1. p. 332. t. 67.
A. Anisillo vulgo Mouchu, Feuill. chil. 3. t. 2.
Far. ft, Hcenlcei (D. C. prod. 4. p. 82.) lower leaves round-
ish, undivided, acutely few- toothed at the apex : upper leaves
trifid. If.. F. Native of Chili. Cassidocarpus Chilensis, Presl,
in herb. Haenke. Eryngium tricuspidatum, Domb. herb.
Chili Asteriscium. PI. ^ foot.
2 A. POEPPI'GII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 82.) leaves deeply trifid ;
lobes obovate, obtuse, regularly toothed. If. . F. Native of
Chili. Very like the preceding, but differs in the lobes of the
leaves and recesses being obtuse, and regularly toothed all
around.
Poeppig's Astericium. PI. -| foot.
3 A. POLYCE'PHAI.UM (Gill, et Hook, in bot. misc. 1. p. 332.
t. 67. /3,) plant leafless ? peduncles corymbose, numerous, some-
times abortive and spinose ; petals entire, acute, with an invo-
lute apex ; fruit broadly oblong ; leaves of involucrum linear,
entire. If. . F. Native of Chili, in the valleys on the Andes
near Ladera de la Jaula, and towards Uspallata in the province
of Mendoza, at the elevation of 7,500 feet. Mulinum Diptery-
gia, D. C. prod. 4. p. 80. The reflexed petals of this species
and the next forbid their being united to Mullnum.
Many-headed Asteriscium. PI. •£• foot.
4 A. ISATIDICA'KPUM (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p.
352.) stem much branched; branches terete; umbels many,
few-flowered, disposed in panicles ; involucra of few leaves ;
fruit oval, parallelly biscutate ; mericarps approximate. If. . F.
Native of the Cordillera of Chili. Mulinum isatidicarpum, D. C.
prod. 4. p. 80. Dipterygia isatidicarpa, Presl, mss. Umbels
small, very numerous. Carpophore bipartite ; mature mericarps
yellow, rather cuneated at the base.
I satis-fruited Asteriscium. PI. -j foot.
Cult. See Fragbsa, p. 259. for culture and propagation.
Tribe III.
SANICU'LEJE (this tribe contains plants agreeing with Sani-
cula in important characters). D. C. prod. 4. p. 82. or Umbel-
latae imperlectae Orthospermae turgidae, Koch. umb. 138. — Um-
bellatas disciscentes, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 30. exclu-
sive of 3 genera. Transverse section of fruit nearly terete.
Mericarps covered with scales, furnished with 5 equal primary
ribs, without any secondary ones, and destitute of vittas. Trans-
verse section of seed semi-terete, flattish in front. Petals erect,
bent inwards from the middle, and emarginate. Umbels fasci-
culate or capitate, simple or irregularly subcompound.
XXIV. ACTINO'TUS (from O.KTIV O.KTIVOQ, actin actinos, a
ray ; involucrum). Labill. nov. holl. (1804) l.p. 67. t. 92. R.
Br. gen. rem. p. 25. D. C. prod. 4. p. 83. — Eriocalia, Smith, exot.
bot. (1805) 2. p. 37. t. 78-79. Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p.
31. and G39. Lag. am. nat. 1821. no. 2. p. 105 — Proustia,
Lag. in litt. 1807. but not of D. C.
LIN. SYST. Pent&ndria, Digynia. Tube of calyx ovate, con-
tracted at the top ; limb 5-lobed : lobes oval-oblong. Petals
wanting. Stamens opposite the calycine lobes. Styles 2, thick-
ened at the base and villous, but setaceous at the apex. Ova-
rium 1-ovulate. Fruit ovate, villous, marked by 5 stripes, and
crowned by the calyx. — Erect branched Australian herbs.
Leaves alternate, petiolate, variously cut. Umbels simple, many
flowered, capitate ; pedicels very short; involucrum many leaved,
radiating, longer than the flowers.
1 A. HELIA'NTHI (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 67. t. 92.) the whole
plant clothed with tomentose wool ; leaves bipinnatifid : lobules
blunt ish ; involucrum 10-18-leaved, clothed with soft tomentum.
$. G. Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson, &c.
Eriocalia major, Smith, exot. bot. t. 78. Involucrum expanded
li or 2 inches in diameter, yellow. Flowers white.
Sun-flower Actinotus. Fl. June. Clt. 1821. PI. 2 feet.
2 A. MI'NOR (D. C. prod. 4. p. 83.) plant smoothish ; leaves
clothed with adpressed villi beneath, ternate ; segments or leaf-
lets trifid, acute; involucrum 9-10-leaved, acute, clothed with
silky villi. Q. H. Native of New Holland, on the Eastern coast.
Eriocalia minor, Smith, exot. bot. t. 79. Sieb. pi. exsic. nov.
holl. no. 127. Involucrum expanded, 5 lines in diameter, red.
Smaller Actinotus. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. The seeds of these plants may be reared on a hot-bed
in spring, and in the month of May the plants should be planted
out in the open border in a warm situation, where they will
flower and seed freely.
XXV. PETA'GNIA (in honour of Vincent Petagna, a Nea-
politan botanist, author of Institutiones Botanicae, in 5 vols. 8vo.
Naples, 1785-1787). Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 311. and in litt.
D. C. coll. mem. v. p. 35. but not of Gmel. nor Rafin. — Hete-
rosciadium, D. C. mss. in herb. Balb.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digijnia. Umbellules containing only
264
UMBELLIFERjE. XXV. PETAONIA. XXVI. SANICULA.
3 flowers ; central one hermaphrodite, fertile, sessile : 2 lateral
ones male, pedicellate ; the pedicels rather concrete at the base,
with the calyx of the fertile or central flower. Male flowers
with the tube of the calyx almost wanting, but with an obsolete
somewhat 5-toothed limb ; petals oval-oblong, acute at both
ends, inflexed at the apex ; stamens 5, alternating with the
petals, and longer than them. Female or hermaphrodite flowers,
having the tube of the calyx ovate and compressed, and the
limb obsolete : petals the same shape as those of the male
flowers, rather membranous, permanent ; stamens 5, caducous ;
styles 2, filiform, divaricate, very long ; fruit ovate, compressed,
8-nerved, with 3 nerves on each side, particularly one central,
indicating where the raphe is, 2 in the middle, and 2 more con-
spicuous, seated on the dorsal angle of the mericarps. Meri-
carps and carpophore not distinct. Fruit empty or containing
one ovulum, from one of the mericarps being abortive. — Herb
perennial, smooth. Root or rhizoma like that of Adoxa or
Hacquelia, Leaf radical, on a long petiole, rather peltate, 5-
parted : partitions oval-cuneated, somewhat 3-lobed at the apex,
and toothed : teeth mucronate. Stem solitary, hardly half a foot
high, bearing at the apex 2 almost sessile opposite 3-lobed tooth-
ed leaves. Branches 2, bifid at the apex. Bracteas or leaves
of involucrum 2, opposite, oblong, acute, mucronately serrated,
seated just under the branches. Branches or rays of umbel 2,
short, bearing each 3 flowers at the apex, furnished with 2 small
bracteas under the ramifications. This very singular genus is
allied to Hacquelia and Sanicula.
1 P. sANicuLjEFOLiA (Guss. 1. c.) I/ . H. Native of Sicily,
in groves by the sides of rivulets, in cool places. Slson Gusso-
nianum, Balb. herb. Sison Gussonii, Spreng. cur. post.
Sanicle-leaved Petagnia. PI. ^ foot.
Cull. See Hacquelia, p. 265. for culture and propagation.
XXVI. SANI'CULA (from sano, to heal or cure ; supposed
healing effects of the S. Europcea). Tourn. inst. p. 326. t. 173.
Lin. gen. no. 326. Lam. ill. 191. Hoffm. umb. prod. 65. t. 1.
f. 1. Spreng. umb. p. 24. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 105. Koch. umb.
p. 139. D. C. coll. mem. v. p. 35.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Tube of calyx echinated ;
lobes foliaceous (f. 59. c.), permanent. Petals erect, conniving,
obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point (f. 59. g.). Fruit
nearly globose, not separable into 2 parts spontaneously ; meri-
carps destitute of ribs, but furnished with many vittae, and densely
clothed with hooked prickles ; carpophore not distinct. Seed semi-
globose. — Perennial herbs. Leaves radical, petiolate, palmate
lobed : lobes cuneated, deeply toothed at the apex. Stems either
naked or furnished with a very few leaves. General umbel with
few rays ; leaves of involucrum few, and usually divided. Um-
bellules of many rays ; leaves of involucel many, entire. Flowers
male, female, and hermaphrodite in the same umbel.
SECT. I. SANI'CLA (an alteration from the generic name).
Tube of calyx echinated. Leaves palmate lobed.
1 S. EUROF^'A (Lin. spec. 339.) leaves radical, palmate-
parted ; lobes trifid, toothed ; flowers polygamous, all nearly
sessile, disposed in umbellules ; lobes of calyx denticulated.
!<.. H. Native throughout the whole of Europe and Caucasus,
in woods and groves, and particularly by the sides of rivulets.
Oed. fl. dan. 293. Schkuhr, handb. t. 60. Hoffm. umb. p. 67.
Smith, engl. bot. t. 98. Blackw. herb. t. 63. S. officinarum,
Neck, gallob. p. 137. Astrantia Diapensia, Scop. earn. 304. S.
mas. Fuchs. hist. p. 671. S. officinalis, Gouan, hort. 131.
Caucalis Sanicula, Crantz. Flowers white or tinged with red,
sessile, disposed in little heads. The plant was much celebrated
formerly as a vulnerary. It discovers to the taste a bitterness
and roughness. It has, however, been long discarded in medi-
cine, and in Sir James Smith's opinion it seems to partake «f that
poisonous acrimony, which is found in most umbelliferous plants
growing in a moist rich soil.
Var. ft, Capensis (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 253.)
plant taller than the species ; stems leafy, branched ; panicle
dichotomous. 14 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. S.
Canadensis, Thunb. fl. cap. 254. exclusive of the synonymes.
Perhaps a proper species.
European Sanicle. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. 1J foot.
2 S. MARYLA'NDICA (Lin. spec. 339.) leaves quinately digi-
tate, deeply serrated : lower ones pedate, on long petioles ;
flowers polygamous : male ones pedicellate ; lobes of calyx en-
tire. 1J. . H. Native of North America, and as far as the Sas-
katchawan ; Newfoundland ; undulating gravelly soils, near Fort
Vancouver ; as well as of Carolina, Maryland, and Pennsyl-
vania. Jacq. icon. rar. t. 348. Lam. ill. t. 91. f. 2. S. Cana-
densis, Lin. spec. p. 339. Flowers whitish or yellowish.
Maryland Sanicle. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1765. PI. 2 feet.
3 S. MEXICA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 84.) radical leaves, as
well as the cauline ones, palmate ; leaflets on short petioles,
rather cuneated at the base : lateral leaflets parted : middle one,
and inner lobe of the lateral ones, somewhat trifid : all cuspi-
dately toothed, and quite smooth ; umbels 3-rayed ; rays hardly
longer than the floral leaf; male flowers on short pedicels. "H..
H. Native of Mexico, between Tampico and Real del Monte.
Stem simple, hardly a foot high, furnished with 3-4 alternate
leaves. Allied to S. Marylandica, but differs as above.
Mexican Sanicle. PI. 1 foot.
4 S. LI'BEKTA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 253.)
leaves 5-parted ; partitions cuneated, 3-lobed, deeply serrated ;
serratures cuspidate by bristles ; flowers polygamous : male
ones few, on capillary pedicels : female ones sessile. Tj. . G.
Native of South America, near Caripe ; and of Chili near Tal-
caguano and Conception ; valleys near Valparaiso, where it is
called Palo de Leon by the natives. S. crassicaulis, Poepp.
diar. no. 227. pi. exsic. no. 92. Plant 4 feet high.
Freed Sanicle. PI. 4 feet.
5 S. MENZIE'SII (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, bot. voy. p. 142.)
plant caulescent ; leaves on long petioles, cordate, deeply trifid :
segments broad, obovate, cuneated, variously lobed, deeply ser-
rated : serratures very acute, ending each in a bristly point ;
umbels rather compound ; leaves of involucels lanceolate, acute,
equal in length to the umbellules. Tf. . H. Native of the north-
west coast of America ; on the banks of the Columbia in dry
sandy places; as well as of California. Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1.
p. 290. t. 90. Root fusiform. Plant smooth. Stem leafy, pa-
nicled at the apex. Male flowers on short pedicels. Segments
of cauline leaves lanceolate.
Menzies's Sanicle. PJ. 1 to 1-J- foot.
6 S. ELAvTA(Hamilt. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 183.) leaves
ternate or tripartite, glabrous ; segments or leaflets sessile,
ovate, acute, lobed, and serrated, cuneated at the base : lateral
segments usually 2-parted ; stem dichotomous at the apex ;
umbels trifid, few-flowered ; flowers polygamous : male ones
pedicellate. 7/.H. Native of Nipaul. S. Canadensis, Thunb.
fl. jap. p. 116. Stem 1-2 feet high, erect, simple.
Tall Sanicle. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
7 S. HERMAPHRODI'TA (Hamilt. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p.
183.) leaves ternate, glabrous ; leaflets ovate, acute at both ends,
lobed, and serrated ; umbels trifid, usually 5-flowered ; flowers
all hermaphrodite and sessile. 1(.. H. Native of Upper Nipaul,
at Suembu. Stem erect, branched, slender, flexuous, a span
high or more.
Hermaphrodite Sanicle. PI. -J- to 1 foot.
8 S. JAVA'NICA (Blum, bijdr. p. 832.) leaves palmately 5-
lobed, setaccously serrated ; lobes rather trifid ; male flowers
UMBELLIFER.E. XXVI. SANICULA. XXVII. HACQUETIA. XXVIII. ASTRANIIA.
265
FIG. 59.
numerous, pedicellate. I/. S. Native of Java, on the top of
Mount Gede. Perhaps this is the same as S. Javanica, Juss.
from the description of the leaves ; but the umbels are nakedish
above, in the forks of the stem, and on the tops of the branches,
each umbel bearing S nearly sessile fruit afterwards.
Java Sanicle. PI.' 1 foot.
9 S. MONTA'NA (Reinw. in Blum, bijdr. p. 832.) leaves all
ternate ; leaflets somewhat 3-lobed, rather ovate-rhomboid,
deeply and setaceously serrated ; flowers all pedicellate. If . S.
Native of Java, in mountain woods in humid places. Said to be
nearly allied to S. Canadensis.
Mountain Sanicle. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
10 S. ? TRICLI'NIUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 85.) leaves on long
petioles, glabrous, ternate; leaflets oblong, unequally toothed,
lobed at the apex ; radical leaves rather palmate : lateral seg-
ments bipartite ; flowers all hermaphrodite. 1£ . H. Native of
Louisiana. Panax, Robin, voy. Louis, p. 469. Triclinium
odoratum, Rafin. fl. lud. p. 79. Flowers greenish, sweet-scented.
Said to be a congener of S. Maryldndiea.
Triclinium, Sanicle. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
US. BIPINNATIFIDA (Dougl. mss. ex Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1.
p. 258. t. 92.) plant caulescent; leaves bipinnatifid : lower ones
on long petioles ; segments remote, obovate or obovate-lanceo-
late, acute, deeply serrated : serratures very acute ; rachis
winged, acutely toothed; peduncles elongated; umbels com-
pound, somewhat proliferous ; umbellules globose. If. H. Na-
tive of the north-west coast of America, at Fort Vancouver, on
the Columbia. Root rather fusiform. Plant glabrous. Stem
erect, branched, furnished with a few leaves. Segments of the
upper cauline leaves narrow. Male flowers on short pedicels.
Bipinnati fid-leaved Sanicle. PI. 1 foot.
12 S. ARCTOPODIOIXDES (Hook,
et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p.
141.) plant almost stemless ;
leaves on long petioles, pro-
foundly 3-parted; segments long,
cuneated : lateral ones bifid : in-
termediate one trifid ; all are
somewhat ciliately pinnatifid ; pe-
duncle hardly longer than the
leaves ; leaves of involucrum fo-
liaceous, lanceolate, quite entire,
longer than the simple compact
umbel. 1(. H. Native of the
north-west coast of America, and
North California. Hook. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 258. t. 91. Root fu-
siform. Habit of the genus Arctopus.
Arctopus-like Sanicle. PI. ^ foot.
SECT. II. SANICORIA (an alteration from the generic name).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 85. Tube of calyx smooth, but perhaps only
in the flowering time. Leaves bipinnate-parted.
13 S. GRAVE' OLENS (Poepp. diar. no. 222. pi. exsic. no. 93.)
leaves bipinnate-parted ; segments pinnatifid : lobes obtuse ;
flowering branches elongated, nearly naked, trifid at the apex ;
umbellules by threes, on short peduncles ; flowers 12-15 in each
umbellule : male ones nearly sessile : female one central. Tf..
F. Native of Chili. Leaves almost like those of Scrophularia
canina. Umbels truly compound. Flowers yellowish in the
dried state. Petals cuneate, emarginate, having the segment
at the top reflexed. Filaments of young stamens inflexed.
Styles very long. Male flowers more numerous in the umbels
than the sessile female flowers. Calyx of the male flowers
smooth, of the female echinated.
Strong-scented Sanicle. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. The species of Sanicula grow best in a shaded rather
VOL. III.
moist situation, and they are easily propagated by dividing at the
root. Some of the species being natives of warm climates, will
require to be protected in winter.
XXVII. HACQUETIA (in honour of Balth Hacquet ;
author of Plantae Alpinae Carniolicae, 4to. Vienna, (1782) Neck,
elem. (1790) no. 306.) D. C. prod. 4. p. 85.— Dondia, Spreng.
mem. soc. mosc. 5. p. 8. umb. prod. p. 21. f. 2. Lag. am. nat.
2. p. 96. Koch, umb. p. 140 — Astrantia species, Lin. fil
Dondisia, Rchb. but not of D. C.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Tube of calyx furnished
with 10 ribs, and 5 lobes : lobes foliaceous, permanent. Petals
erect, connivent, obovate : with the segment at the apex length
of the limb of the petal, and bent in from the middle. Fruit
crowned by the calyx, contracted from the sides ; mericarps gib-
bously convex, furnished with 5 filiform ribs. — A small pe-
rennial herb. Leaves radical, petiolate, palmate ; leaflets 3-
cuneated, 2-3-cleft, mucronately serrated. Scapes 1-3, bearing
at their tops simple umbels. Involucrum of 5-6 obovate leaves,
which are toothed at theapex, and longer than the umbels. Flowers
yellow, on short pedicels, some male, and some female. Fruit
compressed from the sides ; mericarps with 5 broad ribs, which
are rather connate at the base, but separated by channels above.
1 H. EPIPA'CTIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 85.) I/. H. Native of
Rhaetia, on the mountains in the valley of Angustana; Carinthia,
Carniola, &c. Astrantia Epipactis, Lin. fil. stipp. p. 177. Scop,
earn. t. 6. Jacq. austr. 5. t. 11. Sturm, deutschl. fl. with a
figure. Dondia Epipactis, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 241.
— Lob. icon. t. 6G4. Flowers yellow.
Epipactis Hacquetia. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1823. PI. \
to ^ foot.
Cult. See Sanicula above for culture and propagation. The
plant, however, does best in a pot in a mixture of sand and peat,
placed among other alpine plants.
XXVIII. ASTRA'NTIA (from aarpov, astron, a star, and
avn, anti, in composition signifying comparison ; in reference to
the appearance of the umbels of flowers). Tourn. inst. 166. Lam.
ill. t. 191. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 97. Koch, umb. p. 137. f. 42, 43.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 86. — Astr&ntia species, Lin. gen. no. 327.
Spreng. prod. p. 19.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Tube of calyx 10-ribbed,
with tubercular plaits ; lobes 5, foliaceous. Petals erect, con-
nivent, oblong-obovate : bent in from the middle by a segment,
which is nearly the length of the petal. Fruit rather compres-
sed from the back ; mericarps without any vittae, but having 5
elevated obtuse plicately toothed inflated ribs, inclosing in the
cavity of each a smaller fistular rib ; carpophore not distinct. Seed
semi-terete. — Perennial herbs, natives of Europe and Cau-
casus. Roots blackish. Radical leaves petiolate, palmately
lobed : cauline ones few, sessile. Universal umbels irregular,
of few rays, surrounded by variable involucra ; partial um-
bels regular, and containing many flowers, surrounded by
many leaved involucels. Flowers white or rose-coloured, pedi-
cellate, usually polygamous, the female ones alone fertile.
1 A. MI'NOR (Lin. spec. p. 340.) leaves palmate ; segments
7-9, lanceolate, acute, profoundly and acutely toothed ; leaves of
involucrum entire, about equal in length to the umbel. "%.. H.
Native of the higher Alps of France, Switzerland, Italy, Ger-
many, &c. Lam. ill. 191. f. 2. Sturm, deutschl. fl. with a good
figure. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 93. A. minor var. a and /3, D. C. fl.
fr. 4. p. 353. A. digitata, Mcench, meth. p. 94. Hall. hist. no.
791. Leaves of involucrum white and acute. Flowers white.
Var. ft, macrodonta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 86.) segments of leaves
lanceolate-linear, profoundly and sharply serrated ; leaves of in-
volucrum exceeding the umbel. Ij. . H. Native of the Alps of
Piedmont. — Bocc. pi. sic. p. 10. t. 5. f. 111.
M m
266
UMBELLIFERiE. XXVIII. ASTRAKTIA. XXIX. ALEPIDEA. XXX. HORSFIELDIA. XXXI. EEYNOIUM.
Smaller Master- wort. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1686. PL -| to
£ foot.
2 A. PAUCIFLORA (Bertol, journ. bot. 1813. p. 76. am. itin.
96. and 347.) leaves palmate ; segments 5-7, entire at the base,
but finely and sharply serrated from the middle to the apex ;
leaves of involucrum entire, exceeding the umbel. TJ.. H. Na-
tive of the mountains of Abruzzo and Naples. Very like A.
minor. There is a variety having the segments- of the leaves
linear or oval- oblong.
Few-flowered Master-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 ft.
3 A. CARNIO'LICA (Jacq. fl. austr. 6. t. 10.) radical leaves
palmate-parted : lobes 5-7, oblong, acuminated, unequally ser-
rated, toothed; leaves of involucrum 12-13, quite entire,
exceeding the umbel. If. . H. Native of Carinthia, Car-
niola, in alpine meadows. Sturm, deutschl. fl. with a figure.
A. major ft, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. C. p. 341. A. minor,
Scop. fl. earn. no. 305. t. 7. Smith, exot. bot. 2. t. 77. Habit
of A. minor, but with the character of A. major. Leaves of in-
volucrum white, with a green line running along the middle of each,
tinged with red. Petals white. Cauline leaves 3-lobed or simple.
Root dark brown, having an aromatic balsamic smell, with a
taste at first slightly aromatic, but nauseous, and afterwards acid.
Carniolan Master- wort. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. PI. \
to 1 foot.
4 A. MA'JOR (Lin. spec. p. 339.) radical leaves palmate-
parted : lobes 5, ovate-lanceolate, acute, rather trilid, toothed,
ciliated with bristles ; leaves of involucrum 15-20, linear-lanceo-
late, quite entire, hardly longer than the umbel. !£ . H. Na-
tive nearly throughout the whole of Europe and Eastern Cauca-
sus, in mountain meadows and woods. Lam. ill. t. 191. f. 1.
Nees, off. pfl. 12. t. 6. Hayn. arz. gew. 1. t. 13. Smith, exot.
bot. 2. t. 76. Rivin. t. 68. Plenck, icon. t. 225. A. nigra, Lob.
icon. t. 681. Scop. earn. no. 306. Blackw. t. 470. A. Candida,
Mill. diet. no. 2. A. alpina, Munt. phyt. t. 111. Helleborus
niger, Gard. aix. t. 46. A. major a, Spreng. in Schultes, syst.
6. p. 341.
Var. a ; leaves of involucel white ; flowers white.
Var, ft; leaves of involucel purplish; flowers tinged with red.
Larger Master-wort. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1596. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
5 A. INTERMEDIA (Bieb. suppl. p. 194.) radical leaves pal-
mate-parted : lobes 5, rarely only 3, oval-oblong, deeply biser-
rated, and ciliated with bristles ; cauline leaves nearly palmate ;
leaves of involucrum 12-13, oblong-lanceolate, bearing from
1 to 3 spines each at the apex, exceeding the umbel a little.
1£. H. Native of Caucasus, in mountain meadows. A.
trifida, Hoffm. umb. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 8. A. Caucasica, Spreng.
umb. p. 17. syst. 8. p. 874. exclusive of the synonymies. Flowers
pink?
Var. ft; leaves of involucel nearly entire. %.. H. Native
of Caucasus and the mountains of Naples. A. major, Bieb. fl.
and suppl. no. 509.
Intermediate Master-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 ft.
6 A. HELLEBORIFOLIA (Salisb. par. lond. 1. t. 60.) radical
leaves palmate-parted ; lobes 3, ovate-lanceolate, unequally ser-
rated, ciliated with bristles; leaves of involucrum 12-13, ovate-
lanceolate, exceeding the umbel a little, ciliated with bristles their
whole length. Tj.. H. Native of Eastern Caucasus, in the more
elevated meadows. A. maxima, Pall. nov. act. petrop. 7. p.
357. t. 11. Sims, bot. mag. 1553. A. heterophylla, Willd. nov.
act. berol. 3. p. 419. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 202. suppl. p. 196.
Involucrum and flowers pink. There are varieties of this species
having the cauline leaves either 3-lobed or undivided.
Hellebore-leaved Master-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1801.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. The species of this genus grow well in any common
garden soil, and are well adapted for ornamenting flower-borders,
being rather pretty ; they are easily increased by dividing at the
root. A. minor and A. Carniolica, being more tender than the
rest, should be grown in pots, and placed among other alpine
plants.
XXIX. ALEPI'DEA (meaning unknown to us). Laroch.
eryng. p. 19. t. 1. D. C. prod. 4. p. 87. — Astrantia species of
Lin. lil.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Tube of calyx beset with
minute tubercles. Petals inflexed. Transverse section of fruit
terete, ovate, tubercular on the outside ; mericarps without ribs,
and without vittae ; carpophore adnate its whole length to the
seeds — An herb, with the habit of Eryngium nudicaule, native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Radical leaves petiolate, oblong,
ciliately toothed from spinescent bristles. Stems nearly naked,
branched, umbellate at the apex. Leaves under the branches
small, and stem-clasping. Umbels like those of Astrantia. An
intermediate genus between Astrantia and Eryngium.
1 A. CILIA'RIS (Laroch. 1. c.) 11 . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Tratt. arch. t. 204. Astrantia ciliaris, Lin. fil.
suppl. 177. Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 196. Jasione Capensis, Berg,
act. ups. 3. p. 187. t. 10. Umbel "3-rayed, surrounded by a
2-3-leaved involucrum. Leaves of involucel 10, coloured, broad-
lanceolate, acute, longer than the flowers.
Cz/zaterf-leaved Alepidea. PL 1 foot.
Cult. Any light rich soil will suit this plant, and it will be
easily increased by dividing at the root.
XXX. HORSFIE'LDIA (in honour of Thomas Horsfield,
M.D. F.R.S. F.L.S. &c. ; author of numerous works on Indian
zoology). Blum. mss. but not of Willd. D. C. prod. 4. p. 87. —
Schubertia, Blum, bijdr. p. 884. but not of Mart, nor Mirb.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete,
quite entire. Petals ovate, cuspidate, flat. Fruit compressed,
villous ; mericarps 3-ribbed on the back. — A prickly shrub.
Leaves cordate, 5-lobed : upper ones 3-lobed, clothed with stel-
late tomentum beneath. Panicle terminal, densely clothed with
stellate tomentum. Umbels capitate, sessile, surrounded by a
many-leaved involucrum ; receptacle of flowers chaffy.
1 H. ACULEA'TA (Blum. 1. c.) t?. S. Native of Java, on
Mount Tjerimai, in the province of Cheribon, where it is called
Gompong. The rest unknown.
Prickly Horsfieldia. Shrub.
Cult. Any light rich soil will suit this shrub, and cuttings
will be easily rooted in the same kind of earth under a hand-
glass, in heat.
XXXI. ERY'NGIUM (from cpivyw, ereugo, to belch. Dios-
corides declares that the plant is a specific for all complaints
arising from flatulence). Tourn. inst. p. 327. t. 173. Lin. gen.
no. 324. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 77. t. 20. Laroch. eryng. 1. vol. in
fol. Par. 1808. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 105. Koch, diss. p. 139. in
nov. act. nat. cur. 12. p. 1.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Tube of calyx rough from •
vesicles and scales ; lobes 5, foliaceous. Petals erect, conni-
vent, oblong-obovate : bent in from the middle by a segment as
long as the limb of the petal, which consequently appears emar-
ginate. Fruit obovate, scaly or tubercular, with the transverse sec-
tion nearly terete ; mericarps semi-terete, without ribs, and with-
out vittae ; carpophore adnate its whole length to the seeds. —
Herbs, usually perennial and spiny. Radical leaves, as well as the
cauline ones, sheathing more or less at the base. Flowers con-
gregated into oblong or roundish dense heads. Lower bracteas
usually the largest, and forming an involucrum round the head
of flowers ; the rest like chaff, mixed among the flowers.
§ 1. Ramosinervia (from ramosus, branched, and nervus, a
UMBELLIFER&. XXXI. ERYNGIUM.
267
sinew or nerve ; in reference to the nerves of the leaves being
more or less branched and diverging). D. C. prod. 4. p. 88.
Limbs of radica I leaves more or less distinct from the petioles : hav-
ing the nerves more or less branched, and diverging, but never
parallel.
* Limbs of radical leaves mullifid.
1 E. CAMPE'STRE (Dod. pempt. 730. f. 2. Lin. spec. 337.)
radical leaves nearly ternate ; segments pinnatifid : lobes ovate ;
cauline leaves auriculated ; stem panicled ; leaves of involucrum
linear-lanceolate, nearly entire, exceeding the head of flowers,
which is roundish ; paleae among the flowers subulate. Tf. . H.
Native of South and Middle Europe, and Caucasus; very com-
mon in dry sandy fields. In Britain not very common ; on the
coast near the ferry from Plymouth to Cornwall ; and near the
Devil's Point at Stonehouse, Plymouth ; near Newcastle upon
Tyne ; on the shore called Friar's Goose, below Melling, in
Yorkshire ; also far inland opposite Brookhall, near Daventry,
in Northamptonshire. Laroche, eryng. p. 22. Oed. fl. dan. t.
554. Hayne, arz. gew. 7. t. 1. Smith, eng. bot. 57. Jacq. austr.
2. t. 155. Plench. t. 173. E. vulgare, Bauh. pin. 368. E.
Mediterraneum, Ger. 999. Corollas blue, but sometimes white
and yellow. Roots creepifig. Plant rather glaucous.
Var.fi>; radical leaves nearly entire. 3£. H. Native of Por-
tugal and the Levant.
Field Eryngo. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 E. BOURGA'TI (Gouan. ill. p. 7. t. 3.) radical leaves orbicu-
lar, tripartite ; lobes pinnatifid or cut in a forked manner, quite
entire between the divisions ; stems simple, a little branched at
the apex; leaves of involucrum 10-12, lanceolate, pungent,
erect, furnished with 1 or 2 teeth on each side, much longer than
the head of flowers, which is ovate ; paleae among the flowers en-
tire. I/. H. Native of the Pyrenees, but has not been found
elsewhere. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 355. Laroch. eryng. p. 24. Tratt.
arch. t. 207. E. amethystinum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 401. but not
of Lin. E. Bourgati, E. planum, and E. alpinum, Lapeyr. abr.
p. 137. There are varieties of this species with either sky blue
or pale flowers : and with the stems either bearing one or more
heads of flowers. Plant glaucous.
Bourgati s Eryngo. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1731. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
3 E. BILLARDIE'RI (Laroch. eryng. p. 25. t. 2.) radical leaves
nearly orbicular, tripartite ; lobes lanceolate, pinnatifid, spiny,
profoundly toothed all round ; stems branched at the apex ;
leaves of involucrum 8, linear-lanceolate, 3 times higher than the
head of flowers, which is globose ; paleae among the flowers
entire. ^ . H. Native of the Levant ; and in fields on the
mountains at the limits of the Turkish districts called Khoi, in
the province of Aberdeidjen. Tratt. arch. t. 356. Very
nearly allied to E. Bourgati, but differs in the lobes of the
leaves being toothed all round, and in the paleae being hardly
longer than the calyxes. Flowers blue.
La Billardier's Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
4 E. SPINA-A'LBA (Vill. dauph. 2. p. 660. 1. 15.) radical leaves
3-5-parted ; lobes profoundly toothed, or cut in a forked man-
ner ; stem thick, nearly simple; leaves of involucrum 9-10,
pinnatifid, very stiff, pungent, about equal in length to the head
of the flowers, which is of an ovate-cylindrical form ; paleae
among the flowers entire, or usually tricuspidate. I/ . H. Na-
tive of Dauphiny, Provence, &c. in arid exposed places of moun-
tains. D. C. fl. fr. p. 356. Laroch. eryng. p. 26. t. 3. E.
rigidum, Lam. diet. 4. p. 752. E. alpinum, Lin. mant. p. 349.
but not of his spec. E. alpinum ft, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 323. E.
pallescens, Mill. diet. no. 5. Spina alba, Dalech. lugd. 1462.
Both heads of flowers and herb are white. There are varieties
with either dwarf stems, or a foot high.
White-spined Eryngo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. PI. 1 foot.
5 E. DILATA'TUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 755.) radical leaves pinna-
tifid : lobes spiny-toothed ; upper leaves the largest ; petioles
pectinately ciliated from the base ; stems nearly simple, bearing
few heads ; leaves of involucrum 5-7, lanceolate, spiny toothed,
longer than the head, which is roundish ; palese among the
flowers variable : outer ones furnished with one tooth on each side :
inner ones entire. 1£. H. Native of Portugal, Spain, Mauritania,
Etruria; and Turkey, in fields about Constantinople. Laroch.
eryng. p. 26. t. 4. E. purpuratum, Smith in Rees' cycl. vol.
13. E. Bourgati, Vahl, symb. 2. p. 48. Host, austr. 1. p. 341.
E. foe'tidum, Forsk. cat. const, p. 135. E. australe, Wulf. et
West, in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 333. E. amethystinum, Salzm. pi.
,exsic. — Barrel, icon. t. 36. Heads of flowers and stem of a
violaceous colour.
.Di'/aterf-petioled Eryngo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
6 E. CRINI'TUM (Presl, del. prag. p. 139.) radical leaves pin-
natifid : outer lobes trifid, spiny toothed : lower ones much
smaller and bristly, or jagged into bristle-formed teeth ; petioles
ciliated with bristles from the base ; stems nearly simple, bear-
ing few heads ; leaves of involucrum 5-G, lanceolate, spiny cili-
ated, exceeding the head of the flowers, which is roundish ;
paleae exceeding the flowers, outer ones spiny ciliated. I/. H.
Native of Spain. Very nearly allied to E. dilalatum, but it dif-
fers from it and all the others in the bristles being yellowish, and
rather spiny along the petioles and the lower lobes of the leaves.
Flowers blue ?
Hairy Eryngo. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
7 E. AMETHY'STINUM (Lin. spec. p. 337. var. a,) radical leaves
pinnatifid : lobes cut, spiny, somewhat pinnatifid ; petioles entire
at the base ; stems smoothish, corymbosely branched at the apex;
leaves of involucrum 7-8, lanceolate, furnished with a few teeth
at the base, much exceeding in length the head of flowers,
which is globose ; paleae among the flowers entire : outer ones
hardly furnished with a tooth on each side. 1£ . H. Native of
Dalmatia, Croatia, and Belgium, but in the last mentioned coun-
try it has probably escaped from the gardens. Waldst. et Kit.
hung. 3. t. 215. — Besl. hort. eyst. ord. t. 8. f. 4. Tratt. arch.
206. E. campestre azureum, Lejeun, in herb. Gay. E. casru-
leum, Bauh. hist. 3. t. 86. f. 1. The upper part of the stem,
and also the heads of flowers, are of the finest amethyst colour,
so that they make a very fine appearance. This species is often
confused with E. dilalatum, but is easily distinguished from that
species in the petioles being entire, not pectinated.
dmethystine-fiovtered Eryngo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1648.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
8 E. ANDERSONII (Lag. in litt. Loud. hort. brit. p. 101.) ra-
dical and cauline leaves pinnatifid : 3 terminal segments large,
lanceolate, and 3-lobed at the apex : the rest of the segments
small ; all spiny toothed ; stem smooth, striated, corymbosely
and trichotomously branched ; leaves of involucrum 7-8-lanceo-
late, spiny toothed, much longer than the head of the flower,
which is rounded, furnished with retrograde forked or simple
prickles on the lower side at the very base ; upper paleae among
the flowers linear, entire, and the lower ones trifid, ending in spiny
points, about the length or longer than the flowers. It- H. Na-
tive country unknown. E. amethystinum, Hort. Chelsea. Up-
per part of stem, and heads of flowers of a beautiful blue.
Anderson's Eryngo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? PI. 1 to 2 feet.
9 E. SCARIOSUM (Laroch. eryng. p. 28. t. 5.) leaves pinna-
tifid ; lobes linear, distant, trifid, or entire ; petioles with sca-
rious margins ; stem furrowed, branched at the apex ; leaves of
involucrum 5-8, linear, much longer than the head of flowers,
which is globose; paleae among the flowers entire. T(.. H.
Native of the Levant. Tratt. arch. t. 775. E. pentechmum,
Sieb. herb, palest. Allied to E. amethystinum. Heads of
flowers pale green.
M m 2
268
UMBELLIFER.E. XXXI. ERYNGIUM.
<S«m'ous-petioled Eryngo. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
10 E. GLOMERA'TUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. ?55.)leavesbipinnatifid ;
lobes linear, very stiff, divaricate; heads of flowers small, col-
lected into a thyrse ; flowers small ; leaves of involucrum much
longer than the head of flowers, and are as well as the paleae
nearly entire, and spinose. 2£.H. Native of Crete. Laroch.
eryng. p. 29. t. 6. Tratt. arch. t. 760. E. parviflorum, Smith,
prod. fl. graec. I., p. 175. Herb white, densely beset with
leaves. Perhaps the E. glomeralum, Sieb. herb, crete, which
he gathered at the foot of Mount Ida, is the same, but it differs
from the figure given by Laroche, in the heads of flowers being
disposed in a corymb, in the lobes of the leaves being broader,
and in the leaves of the involucrum being furnished with a spine-
like subulate divaricate tooth on each side.
(7/omera/e-headed Eryngo. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 ft.
HE. ROSTRA'TUM (Cav. icon. 6. t. 552.) radical leaves long,
lanceolate : outer ones spiny-ciliated : inner ones pinnatifid ;
stems a little branched ; leaves of involucrum entire, rather
shorter than the head of flowers, which is globose ; palese among
the flowers, entire : upper palese ending in a horn each, much
longer than the flowers. I/ . H. Native of Chili, at Talcahuano,
Conception, &c. Laroch. eryng. p. 29. This species is inter-
mediate between the section Ramosinervia and Parallelinervia.
Beaked-scaleA Eryngo. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
12 E. COMO'SUM (Laroch. eryng. p. 30. t. 7.) radical leaves
bipinnatifid ; lobes linear, winged ; stem dichotomou,s at the
apex, bearing many heads ; leaves of involucrum 5-6, trifid,
longer than the head of flowers, which is ovate ; paleae among
the flowers simple : upper paleae spiny-toothed, drawn out into
a tuft. If. F. Native of Mexico, in temperate p'aces be-
tween Rio Sacra and Tolucco. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.
5. p. 30. Flowers blue?
Tufted-sca]ed Eryngo. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. |to 1 ft.
13 E. CRE'TICUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 754.) cauline leaves almost
pinnatifid ; lobes lanceolate, spinose, ciliately toothed at the
base; stems much branched at the apex, divaricate; leaves of
involucrum 5, lanceolate-subulate, bearing 1-2 spiny teeth on
each side, much longer than the head of flowers, which is
roundish; paleae among the flowers, tricuspidate. If . H. Na-
tive of the islands of Candia, Samos, and in all the islands of the
Archipelago ; frequent. Laroch. eryng. p. 30. t. 80. D'Urv.
enum. 29. Sieb. herb. cret. E. cy&neum, Sibth. fl. graec. t.
258. prod. 1. p. 175. Tratt. tab. t. 350. Stems and heads
of flowers of an amethyst colour. Floriferous branches elon-
gated, or short and crowded.
Cretan Eryngo. PI. 1 to 1| foot.
14 E. MULTI'PIDUM (Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. t. 259. prod. 1.
p. 175.) leaves all bipinnatifid, somewhat lyrate, and palmate-
parted at the apex; lobes deeply lobed ; stems corymbose, co-
loured at the top ; leaves of involucrum linear-lanceolate, pin-
natifid, or nearly entire, exceeding the head of flowers, which is
ovate; paleaa among the flowers, entire. If.H. Native of the
hills of the Morea and Sicily. E. alpinum, elatius, &c. Cup.
pamph. 1. t. 29. Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 305. Top of stem
and heads of flowers blue. Allied to E. amethystimtm and E.
Creticum.
Multifd Eryngo. PI. 2 feet.
15 E. OVI^NUM (Cunning, in Field's new south wales, p. 358.)
stems erect, furrowed, dichotomous ; leaves bipinnatifid ; lobes
linear, stiff, spinose, divaricate ; heads of flowers spherical, pe-
dunculate ; leaves of involucrum linear, mucronate, stiff. If. . G.
Native of New Holland, near Bathurst. Flowers white. The
plant when young is much sought after by sheep.
Sheep Eryngo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. l| foot.
* * Limbs of radical leaves cordate at the base, undivided, or
a little lobed.
16 E. MARI'TIMUM (C. Bauh.pin. p. 386. Lin. spec. p. 337.)
leaves of a whitish glaucous hue, coriaceous ; radical leaves on
long petioles, roundish, cordate, spiny-toothed : superior ones
stem-clasping, palmately lobed ; leaves of involucrum 5-7, ovate,
spiny-toothed, exceeding the head of flowers, which is roundish;
paleae among the flowers, tricuspidate, about equal in length to
the calyxes. 7/ . H. Native throughout Europe, among the
sand along the sea-shore ; and on both sides of the Mediter-
ranean Sea. It is to be found plentiful in some parts of Bri-
tain, on the sea-shore. Oed. fl. dan. t. 718. Tratt. arch. t.
209. Woodv. med. bot. t. 102. Smith, engl. bot. t. 718.
Roots creeping. Flowers very pale blue. By English writers
the Sea eryngo has been called sea holly, sea hulver, and sea
holme. The young flowering shoots oi the plant, eaten like
asparagus, are very nourishing, according to Linnaeus. The
leaves are sweetish, with a slight aromatic warm pungency. The
roots are supposed to have the same aphrodisiacal virtues as the
O'rchis tribe. They are kept in the shops candied, and are still
regarded by the Arabs as an excellent restorative. Eryngo
roots were first candied at Colchester about the beginning of the
17th century by Robert Buxton, apothecary. His apprentice,
Samuel Great, continued this business" and it has ever since been
carried on by the posterity of the latter. — Morant's Colchester,
p. 92.
Sea Eryngo or Holly. Fl. July, Oct. Brit. PI. 1 to 1| ft.
17 E. OLIVERIA'NUM (Laroch. eryng. p. 37. t. 12.) radical
leaves on long petioles, roundish cordate ; lower cauline leaves
petiolate, 3-lobed, and deeply toothed : upper cauline ones stem-
clasping, 3-parted, and cut; leaves of involucrum 10-12, lan-
ceolate, stiff, having 5-6 teeth on each side, which are more
crowded towards the base, exceeding the head of flowers; paleae
among the flowers, tricuspidate, and entire. Tf . H. Native of
the Levant. E. alpinum y, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 323. Heads of
flowers blue. Nearly allied to E. alpinum, but is constant to its
characters, even in cultivation : it differs from it in the radical
leaves being much less cordate, in the lower ones being more
dissected, and in the leaves of the involucrum being stiff, and
having fewer teeth. The colour of the herb is green.
Oliver's Eryngo. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
18 E. GIGANTE'UM (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 201.) radical leaves
on long petioles, profoundly cordate, crenate-toothed ; cauline
leaves stem-clasping, deeply lobed, spiny-serrated ; leaves of
involucrum 8-9, large, ovate-lanceolate, deeply spiny-ser-
rated, longer than the head of flowers, which is ovate ;
paleae among the flowers tricuspidate. 11 . H. Native of the
Alps of Caucasus, Armenia, and Iberia. E. glaucum, Willd.
herb, ex Stev. in litt. E. asperifblium, Laroch. eryng. p. 36.
t. 11. Poir. suppl. 3. p. 289. Tratt. arch. t. 355. Stem di-
chotomously branched, 3-4 feet high, blue at the top as well as
the heads of flowers. Lower leaves roughish, pubescent or
glabrous beneath, reticulated with anastomosing nerves.
Giant Eryngo. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
19 E. ALPINUM (Lin. spec. p. 337.) radical and lower cauline
leaves on long petioles, deeply cordate, serrate-toothed : upper
cauline leaves palmately lobed, ciliately serrated ; serratures
spinulose ; leaves of involucrum 10-20, rather soft, a little longer
than the head of flowers, pinnatifidly serrated, having 12-15
cilia-formed serratures on each side : and with the lower serra-
tures pinnatifid ; paleae among the flowers tricuspidate or entire.
l/.H. Native of Switzerland, Piedmont, Germany, Croatia,
Carniola, &c. in alpine pastures. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 55.
Sims, bot. mag. t. 922. Tratt. arch. t. 205. Involucrum along
with the upper part of the herb and the flowers are of a beau-
tiful blue colour ; but there is also a variety which is white in
the last-mentioned parts : and another which has the paleae
among the flowers pinnatifid. Herb green.
UMBELLIFER^l. XXXI. ERYNGIUM.
2G9
Alpine Eryngo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1597. PI. 1| to 2 ft.
20 E. PLA'NUM (Math. comm. p. 505. with a figure. Lin.
spec. p. 337.) lower leaves on long petioles, oval, cordate at the
base, crenated, flat : middle cauline leaves sessile, undivided :
superior ones 5-parted, serrated ; leaves of involucrum 6-7,
lanceolate, remotely spiny-serrated, spreading, about equal in
length to the head of flowers, which is round ; palese among the
flowers entire, but the lower or outer ones are tricuspidate.
If.. H. Native of Austria, Russia, Siberia, Transylvania, Gali-
cia, Caucasus, Mauritania, Provence, &c. in meadows. Jacq.
aust. t. 391. Tratt. arch. t. 214. Laroch. eryng. p. 40. Upper
pa»t of the stem, leaves of involucrum, and heads of flowers
blue ; there is, however, a variety equally .common in the gar-
dens with white flowers. Herb green.
Flat-leaved Eryngo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1596. PI. 2 ft.
21 E. TRI'QUETRUM (Vahl. symb. 2. p. 46.) radical leaves
petiolate, cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes deeply spiny-toothed ; cauline
leaves 3-5-parted, palmate ; peduncles triquetrous ; leaves of
involucrum 3-4, lanceolate, pungent, keeled, entire, exceeding
the head of flowers, which is round ; paleae among the flowers
entire. "H. . H. Native of Tunis and Sicily in fields and on
hills. Desf. atl. 1. p. 225. t. 54. Laroch. eryng. p. 43. Tratt.
arch. 77!). — Zan. ist. t. 74. and therefore E. Zanonii, Lam. diet.
4. p. 754. E. Crelicum, Jan. ex Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. add.
p. 7. Heads of flowers blue.
Triquetrous-pedunded Eryngo. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 ft.
22 E. FALCA'TUM (Laroch. eryng. p. 40. t. 1 3.) radical leaves
on long petioles, cordate, unequally spiny-serrated ; cauline
leaves sessile, palmately parted : lobes lanceolate, spreading,
spiny-serrated ; leaves of involucrum 5-8, lanceolate, furnished
with 1-2 teeth on each side, twice the length of the head of
flowers; outer paleae tricuspidate : middle ones entire, If.. H.
Native on Mount Lebanon. Tratt. arch. t. 363. E. dichoto-
mum /3, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 321. The plant is easily distin-
guished from E. dic/iotomum by the form of the radical leaves.
Heads of flowers blue ?
Falcate Eryngo. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
23 E. DICHOTOMUM (Desf. atl. 1. p. 226. t. 55.) radical leaves
petiolate, oblong, cordate at the base, toothed ; cauline leaves
palmately parted, spreading : lobes spiny-toothed ; leaves of invo-
lucrum lanceolate, furnished with a few spiny teeth, much longer
than the head of flowers, which is globose ; outer palese tricus-
pidate, the rest entire. If. . H. Native of Asia Minor, Cau-
casus, Mount Lebanon, Candia, Mauritania, Sicily, and about
Montpelier, in exposed places. Upper part of stems, leaves of
involucrum, and heads of flowers blue.
Far. a ; stem tall, flexuous, much branched. Desf. 1. c.
Tratt. arch. t. 362. E. cceruleum, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 200. —
Mor. ox. sect. 7. t. 37. f. 13. and therefore E. Syriacum, Lam.
diet. 4. p. 759.
Var. ft ; stems dwarf; flowers crowded at the neck of the
plant. Laroch. eryng. p. 40. t. 14.
Dichotomous Eryngo. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
24 E. DIFFUSUM (Torr. rock, mount, no. 177.) leaves all
digitately palmate ; segments oblong, deeply serrated, spinose ;
stem dichotomously branched, diffuse ; heads of flowers glo-
bose ; leaves of involucrum 4-6, trifid, deeply serrated, longer
than the head of flowers ; ovaries scaly. 0. H. Native of
North America, on the banks of the Canadian river. Perhaps
this species will form a proper section.
Diffuse Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
* * * Limbs of radical leaves oblong-obovate, or oval, never
cordate at the base.
25 E. PUSI'LLUM (Lin. spec. p. 337.) radical leaves lanceolate,
entire, toothed or pinnatifid, attenuated at the base, petiolate :
cauline leaves palmately parted, sessile ; heads of flowers ses-
sile ; leaves of involucrum subulate, longer than the head of
flowers, furnished with an appendage, or tooth at the base ;
palese among the flowers, entire. If.. H. Native of Spain,
Portugal, Mauritania, Sicily, Sardinia, &c. Laroch. eryng. p.
44. Tratt. arch. t. 212.— Barrel, icon. t. 1247. Heads of
flowers greenish. This species is nearly allied to E. dichoto-
mum, but differs from it in the radical leaves being attenuated at
the base, never in any way cordate.
Var. ft, odoratum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 91.) stem small, decum-
bent; heads few-flowered. Laroch. 1. c. E. odoratum /3, Lam.
diet. 4. p. 756.
Var. y, galiotdes (D. C. 1. c.) stem erectish ; lower leaves
somewhat pinnatifid, small ; heads few-flowered. Laroch. 1. c.
E. galioides, Lam. diet. 4. p. 757.
Var. S, paludbsum (D. C. 1. c.) stem nearly erect ; lower leaves
pinnatifid, large; heads few-flowered. Laroch. 1. c. t. 16. E.
odoratum a, Lam. 1. c.
Small Eryngo. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1640. PI. % to 1 foot.
26 E. TERNA'TUM (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 295.) radical leaves un-
divided, linear, spiny-toothed ; cauline leaves tripartite ; leaves
of involucrum lanceolate, cuspidate. !(. . H. Native of Candia,
on hills in rugged places. Tausch. hort. canal, with a figure
and description. E. Tournefortianum, Sternb. syll. pi. nov. 17.
p. 32. ex Tausch. E. trifolium, P. Alp. exot. 152. with a
figure. — Mor. ox. 3. sect. 7. t. 36. f. 24. Laroch. eryng. p. 65.
Heads of flowers blue ?
Ternafe-leaved Eryngo. Clt. ? PI. 1 foot.
27 E. TRIPARTITUM (Desf. cat. hort. par. 1828.) radical
leaves glabrous, petiolate, trifid ; leaves obovate-oblong, cune-
ated at the base, coarsely serrated : serratures distant, ending
in spiny points ; stem much branched ; cauline leaves nearly
sessile, 3-5-parted : lobes lanceolate, coarsely serrated ; leaves
of involucrum twice the length of the head of flowers, which is
ovate-globose ; outer palese tricuspidate : inner ones undivided.
If. . H. Native country unknown.
Tripartite-leaved Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
28 E. AQUIFOLIUM (Cav. ann. sc. nat. 3. p. 32.) radical leaves
obovate-oblong, nearly sessile, attenuated at the base, coarsely
ciliated or spiny-toothed from the base ; cauline leaves somewhat
stem-clasping, broadest at the base ; leaves of involucrum 8, ovate-
lanceolate, spiny-toothed, longer than the head of flowers, which
is roundish ; paleae ending in 3 or 5 points. Tf. . H. Native of
Spain. Laroch. eryng. p. 34. t. 10. Tratt. arch. t. 753. E.
maritimum /3, Pers. ench. p. 299. exclusive of the syn. of Fl.
dan. Heads of flowers blue. The plant cultivated under this
name has the lower leaves much longer and narrower at the base
than those in the figure cited. Plant glaucous.
Holly-leaved Eryngo. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1815. PI. 1 ft.
29 E. CORNICULA'TUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 758.) radical leaves
oblong-lanceolate, spiny-toothed ; petioles fistular, septiferous ;
cauline leaves stem-clasping, trifid ; leaves of involucrum 5,
linear-subulate, quite entire, pungent ; paleaa among the flowers,
entire : ultimate ones drawn out each into a long horn at the
apex. I/. H. Native of Portugal and Spain, in boggy places.
Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 416. Laroch. eryng. p. 42. t. 15. Tratt.
arch. t. 756. Sims, bot. mag. 1427. E. cornCitum, Bonn,
hort. cant. ed. 4. E. suaveolens, Brouss. ined. E. odoratum,
Hort. par. E. paludbsum, Hort. madr. Heads of flowers
whitish, sweet-scented. Plant glaucous. The leaves of the
involucrum when the plant grows in dry places, about equal in
length to the head of flowers. Horns sometimes on 2-3 of the
paleae, which are usually joined together.
Horned Eryngo. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1803. PI. 1 foot.
30 E. TRICUSPIDA'TUM (Lin. spec. p. 337.? Desf. atl. 1. p
224.) radical and lower cauline leaves on long petioles, orbicular,
270
UMBELL1FEILE. XXXI. ERYNGIUM.
cordate, acutely toothed ; cauline leaves sessile, palmate-parted:
lobes lanceolate, spiny-serrated ; leaves of involucrum lanceo-
late, spiny-serrated, exceeding the head of flowers, which is
nearly globose ; palese tricuspidate, longer than the calyxes.
$ . H. Native of Mauritania, Sardinia, Sicily, and the Morea,
in cultivated fields and exposed places. Laroch. eryng. p.
33. t. 9. Tratt. arch. t. 211. E. Bocconi, Lam. diet. 4.
p. 754. — Bocc. sic. 88. t. 47. Heads of flowers greenish.
Flowers purplish. There are varieties of this species with tall
and humble stems ; and with the lobes of the leaves either linear
or lanceolate.
Tricuspidate Eryngo. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1699. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
31 E. ILICIFO'LIUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 757.) radical leaves and
lowef cauline ones on short petioles, obovate, coarsely spiny-
toothed ; petioles quite entire ; leaves of involucrum 5-6, dilated
at the apex, and coarsely spiny-toothed, exceeding the head of
flowers, which is ovate-oblong ; paleae tricuspidate, longer than
calyxes. O- H. Native of Mauritania, Spain, and Portugal.
Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 419. Desf. all. 1. p. 225. t. 53. Cav. ann.
sc. 3. p. 51. Laroch. eryng. p. 34. Heads of flowers blue ?
Herb a hand high, stiff. There are varieties of this plant having
the leaves of the involucrum cut or pinnatifid.
Ilex-leaved Eryngo. PI. ^ foot.
32 E. TE'NUE (Lam. diet. 4. p. 755.) radical leaves obovate-
spatulate, deeply toothed : cauline ones palmate-parted : lobes
linear, spreading, spiny-toothed; leaves of involucrum linear,
spreading, spiny-toothed, exceeding the head of flowers, which
is roundish ; paleae tricuspidate, bearing spines on the back,
longer than the calyxes. ©• H. Native of Spain, Portugal,
and Mauritania, in cultivated fields, and on hills. Laroch.
eryng. p. 32. — Clus. hist. 2. p. 159. f. 1. E. pusillum, J.
Bauh. hist. 3. p. 87.— Lob. icon. 2. t. 23. Flowers blue ?
lender Eryngo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1814. PI. ^ to 1 ft.
83 E. NASTURTIIFO'LIUM (Juss. in Laroch. eryng. p. 46. t. 17.)
leaves all lanceolate, dilated at the apex, and somewhat pinna-
tifid ; branches decumbent ; heads of flowers lateral, sessile,
ovate ; leaves of involucrum lanceolate-subulate, elongated, and
entire, as well as the paleae. Q. S. Native of South America.
Tratt. arch. t. 768. Allied to E. vesiculosum, but differs in the
angles of the calyx being 5, and in being rough from scales, not
from vesicles.
Nasturtium-leaved Eryngo. PI. decumbent.
34 E. CERVANTE'SII (Laroch. eryng. p. 47. t. 18. f. 1.) sur-
culi decumbent ; floral leaves trifid : lobes linear ; heads of
flowers axillary, pedunculate, roundish ; leaves of involucrum
5, subulate, spreading, exceeding the head of flowers a little.
•%. . H. Native of Mexico. Tratt. arch. t. 359. E. vivipa-
rum, Cerv. mss. Calyxes scaly. Allied to E. vesiculosum.
Cervantes' s Eryngo. Fl. Jul. Oct. Clt. 1 820. PL dec.
35 E. PROSTRA'TUM (Nutt. in lilt, ex D. C. prod. 2. p. 92.)
surculi creeping, filiform ; leaves petiolate, ovate, unarmed,
membranous, some entire, and others are furnished with a tooth
or lobule on each side ; heads of flowers ovate, pedunculate,
axillary; leaves of involucrum 5, oblong-linear, entire, deflexed;
paleae linear, small; calyx papulose from vesicles. Tj:. H.
Native of North America, in the Arkansa territory. Petioles
variable in length, some shorter than the limbs of the leaves,
and others longer. Leaves rosulate, at the neck of the plant,
but crowded at the node of the surculi, sometimes opposite.
Peduncles 1 or 1 \ inch long. Heads 2-3 lines long.
Prostrate Eryngo. PL prostrate.
36 E. BALDWI'NI (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 870.) leaves petiolate,
oval, entire, or serrated ; stem much branched, slender, usually
prostrate ; heads of flowers small, numerous ; leaves of invo-
lucrum 2, tripartite : lobes linear, a little toothed at the base.
Q. H. Native of Florida, in pine woods around St. Maria,
and along the sea-shore near Augustine. E. gracile, Baldw. in
Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 175. Ell. sketch. 1. p. 345. but not of
Laroch. E. reptans, Willd. herb, ex Spreng.
Baldwin's Eryngo. PL prostrate.
37 E. VESICULO'SUM (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 73. t. 98.) sur-
culi creeping ; radical leaves lanceolate, cuneate, and attenuated
at the base, deeply toothed, almost pinnatifid ; floral leaves
trifid, with linear lobes ; heads of flowers lateral, on short pedun-
cles ; leaves of involucrum 5, lanceolate-subulate, and are as
well as the paleae entire ; calyx papulose. 1£ . G. Native of
Van Diemen's Land. Laroch. eryng. p. 47. Tratt. arch. t.
780. Poir. suppl.4. p. 291.
Bladdery -calyxed Eryngo. PL cr.
38 E. SUBACAU'LE (Cav. icon. 6. t. 556. f. 2.) radical leaves
petiolate, lanceolate, nearly quite entire ; scape naked, bearing
only 1 head of flowers, longer than the leaves : leaves of invo-
lucrum 8, lanceolate, spinose, spreading, furnished each with 1
tooth on each side, longer than the head of flowers, which is
hemispherical ; palese subulate, shorter than the calyx. — Native
of Mexico, in Chalma. Laroch. eryng. p. 56. Tratt. arch,
t. 778. Plant hardly more than a finger in height.
Nearly-stemless Eryngo. PI. ^ to \ foot.
39 E. RADICIFLO'RUM (Tratt. arch. t. 764.) radical leaves ses-
sile, ovate, spiny-serrated ; heads of flowers solitary, roundish,
sessile at the neck of the plant ; leaves of involucrum 6, ovate-
lanceolate, tridentate at die apex, discoloured, longer than the
head ; paleae entire. — Native of New Granada, on the moun-
tains of Pasto. E. humile y. Laroch. eryng. p. 34. t. 18. f. 2.
H. B. et Kimth, nov. gen. amer. p. 34.
Root-flowered Eryngo. PL •£ foot.
40 E. FLA'CCIDUM (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 350.)
radical leaves flaccid, on long petioles, deeply pinnatifid ; seg-
ments linear, spinescent, bent downwards ; stem slender, panicled
at the apex ; leaves of involucrum linear-lanceolate, stiff, acute,
quite entire, about equal in length to the head of flowers, which
is elliptic ; palese hardly equal in length to the flowers. O- H.
Native of Buenos Ayres.
Flaccid-leaved Eryngo. PL -J foot.
41 E. CORONA'TUM (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 350.)
radical leaves lanceolate, spinosely pinnatifid ; segments lanceo-
late-subulate, spreading ; stem panicled at the top, many-headed ;
leaves of involucrum linear-subulate, spiny, quite entire, re-
flexed, about equal in length to the head, which is cylindrical ;
paleae oblong, acute, pale, equal in length to the flowers, the 2
or 4 superior ones protruding in long horns, which emulate the
leaves of the involucrum. If. . H. Native of Buenos Ayres.
Stem 6-8 inches high.
Crowned-headed Eryngo. PI. ^ to ^ foot.
42 E. HU'MILE (Cav. ann. p. 115. icon. t. 556. f. 1.) radical
leaves on long petioles, oval-oblong, spiny-serrated ; cauline
leaves 1 or 2, oblong, sessile,, serrated ; stems bearing only 1
head of flowers, shorter than the radical leaves ; leaves of invo-
lucrum 10, ovate-lanceolate, tridentate at the apex, coloured
above, exceeding the head of flowers, which is globose and de-
pressed at the apex ; paleae entire. I/ . G. Native of Peru,
on the mountains of Chimborazo and St. Antonio. E. humile
a, Laroch. eryng. p. 55. Tratt. arch. t. 763.
Far. ft; leaves of involucrum entire. Laroch. eryng. p. 55.
H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. On the mountains of Pichinca and Anti-
sana. E. ranunculoides, Willd. herb.
Humble Eryngo. PL ^ foot.
43 E. STELLA'TUM (Mutis, in Laroch. eryng. p. 55. t. 25.)
lower leaves petiolate, linear-lanceolate, crenated : upper ones
sessile, opposite ; branches elongated, bearing 1 head of flowers
each ; leaves of involucrum ovate, spiny-toothed, discoloured,
exceeding the head ; paleae subulate, exceeding the flowers.
UMBELLIFERiE. XXXI. ERYNGIUM.
271
I/ . G. Native of Santa Fe de Bogota. Tratt. arch. t. 777.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 33. Leaves of involu-
crum smooth, yellow above.
Stellate Eryngo. PI. 1 foot ?
44 E. PHYTEU^MA (Laroch. eryng. p. 51. t. 21.) cauline leaves
few, petiolate, linear-lanceolate, unarmed, crenated ; crenae mu-
cronate ; stem nearly simple, bearing 2 heads of flowers ; heads
oblong, crowned by exserted foliaceous paleae ; leaves of invo-
lucrum 3-10, linear, deflexed. I/ . F. Native of Mexico, in
meadows, near the town of Tolucco. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
5. p. 30. Heads of flowers white.
PAytewwa-like Eryngo. PI. 1 to 1 J foot.
45 E. GRA'CILE (Laroch. eryng. p. 54. t. 24. but not of Nutt.)
radical leaves petiolate, elliptic, very blunt at the base, crenated;
stem nearly naked, few-flowered ; leaves of involucrum 8, linear-
lanceolate, pungent, a little toothed, twice the length of the head
of flowers ; paleae subulate, entire, longer than the calyxes. 1£.
F. Native of Mexico, in humid places. H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 5. p. 33. Plant a foot high. Heads of flowers of
mAmethyst blue colour. Leaves of involucrum smooth and
yellow above, but green beneath.
Weak Eryngo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 foot.
46 E. BONPLA'NDI (Laroch. eryng. p. 52. t. 22.) radical
leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, crenated ; stem nearly naked, 1-
3-flowered ; leaves of involucrum 8, and are as well as the
paleae lanceolate ; paleae scarcely exceeding the calyxes, of equal
size and shape. 1£ . G. Native of Mexico, in shady woods.
Tratt. arch. t. 754. E. Bonplandianum, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. p. 31. Tube of calyx tubercular.
Bonpland's Eryngo. PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
47 E. NUDICAU'LE (Lam. diet. 4. p. 759. t. 187. f. 2.) radical
leaves obovate, coarsely spiny-toothed : teeth ciliated ; stem
dichotomous, nearly naked, bearing few heads; leaves of invo-
lucrum lanceolate, spinose, equal in length to the head of flowers,
which is roundish ; paleae subulate. "If. . H. Native of Monte
Video ; and of Chili, in the province of San Louis, on the tops
of the mountains called Cerro del Morro, at the elevation of
4500 feet. Laroch. eryng. p. 51. Tratt. arch. t. 769. Cham,
et Schlecht. in Linnasa. 1. p. 251. There are varieties of this
species with bracteas all entire ; or the outer ones are spiny-
toothed, and the rest entire ; or all spiny-toothed ex Cham, et
Schlecht. 1. c. The teeth of the leaves are sometimes entire and not
again ciliated, and this brings the species very near E. serralum.
Naked-stemmed Eryngo. PL J foot.
48 E. SERRA'TUM (Cav. ann. 2. p. 132. icon. 6. t. 554.)
radical leaves petiolate, lanceolate, profoundly serrated ; stem
nearly naked, and almost simple, few-flowered ; leaves of invo-
lucrum 8-10, subulate, spreading, length of the head of flowers,
which is globose ; paleae entire, subulate, exceeding the flowers
a little. If.. G. Native of Mexico. Laroch. eryng. p. 55.
Tratt. arch. t. 776. Calyx covered with white scales. Stem a
foot high. Perhaps the same as E. serralum, Link, enum. 1.
p. 260. but the leaves are not doubly serrated as described by
him, but acutely crenated. Heads of flowers blue ?
Serrate-leaved Eryngo. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
49 E. CARLIVN.E (Laroch. eryng. p. 53. t. 23.) radical leaves
lanceolate, deeply spiny serrated, acute ; cauline leaves palma-
tifid : lobes deeply serrated ; stem branched, bearing few heads ;
leaves of involucrum 7-9, ovate-lanceolate, deeply serrated ;
paleae subulate, simple. Tf.. G. Native on the mountains about
the town of Mexico, and between Joya and Las Vigas, near
Perote, and on Mount Orizaba. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 5. p. 32. Leaves of involucrum yellow above. Flowers
blue.
Var. a, erectum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 94.) stem erect, solitary ;
leaves of involucrum ovate, twice the length of the head of
1
flowers. I/ . G. Laroch. eryng. I.e. with a figure. Tratt.
arch. t. 358.
Far. /3, decumbens (D. C. 1. c.) stem simple, diffuse ; leaves
of involucrum equal in length to the head of flowers, which is
oblong. ~lf. . G.
Carlina-like Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
50 E. HORMINOI'DES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 94.) leaves glabrous :
radical ones unknown : cauline ones ending in a spine-like point:
uppermost ones opposite ; stem branched, bearing many heads ;
leaves of involucrum 10-12, oblong-lanceolate, spiny-serrated
at the apex, white inside ; paleae forming a tuft at the top
of the head of flowers. 1£. G. Native about the town of
Mexico. Allied to E. carllnce, but differs in the heads of flowers
being oval and tufted at the apex.
Horminum-like Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
51 E. CILIA'TUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 2. p. 249.)
radical leaves obovate-lanceolate, pectinately serrated : teeth
stiff, bristly ; stem naked, bearing 1-3 heads : heads elliptic,
echinated from the paleae, which are subulately acuminated and
smooth, and exceed the flowers ; leaves of involucrum similar to
the paleae. T(. . G. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Cis-
platine and Rio Grande, in fields. Heads coloured, 8-9 lines long.
Ciliated-leaved Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
52 E. E'LEGANS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 2. p. 248.)
leaves linear-lanceolate, spiny-serrated, ciliated, tricuspidate at
the apex ; stem bearing many heads ; heads globose, echinated;
leaves of involucrum 10, lanceolate, spiny-toothed, tricuspidate
at the apex ; paleae tricuspidate, a little longer than the flowers,
smooth, if.. G. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Monte
Video and Rio Grande do Sul. Root nearly globose, size of a
filbert. Leaves 10 inches long, and 9 lines broad. Heads of
flowers small, of one colour.
Elegant Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
53 E. NU'DUM (Gill, et Hook, in hot. misc. 1. p. 334.) stem
tall, panicled ; leaves linear-subulate, channelled, spiny-ciliated :
spines 2-3 together ; heads of flowers globose. If.. G. Native
about Buenos Ayres, in the plains called the Pampas. Stem
4-5 feet. Allied to E. ebracteatum, Lam.
Naked Eryngo. PI. 4 to 5 fee.t.
54 E. DIVARICA'TUM (Hook, et Arn. inbot. misc. 3. p. 350.)
stems prostrate, dichotomously divaricate, leafy, rigid ; lower
leaves bipinnatifid : cauline leaves pinnatifid : segments linear,
spinescent, divaricate ; peduncles short, axillary, and in the
forks of the stem ; leaves of involucrum subulate, reflexed, 4
times shorter than the head of flowers, which is elliptic. 1£ . F.
Native of Buenos Ayres.
Divaricate Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
55 E. SE'RRA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 2. p. 246.)
leaves ensiform, spiny-serrated, ciliated ; stem panicled, bearing
many heads ; heads ovate, echinated ; leaves of involucrum and
outer paleae lanceolate, subulately acuminated, spiny-toothed,
smooth : inner paleae entire, a little smaller than the outer ones.
If. . F. Native of Brazil, in the province of Cisplatine, and
near Monte Video. Radical leaves half a foot long. Heads
unguicular, of one colour.
/Sa?y-leaved Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
56 E. UNCINA'TUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 2. p. 247.)
leaves lanceolate, serrated ; serratures ending in recurved spines,
ciliated ; stem bearing few heads ; heads globose, echinated ;
paleae scabrous, tricuspidate ; leaves of involucrum spinosely
pinnatifid. If. . G. Native of the south of Brazil.
Hcoked-sp'med Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
57 E. FLORIBU'NDUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p.
245.) leaves ensiform, spiny-serrated, ciliated ; stem panicled,
bearing many heads ; heads echinated by scabrous, suhulately
mucronulated paleae ; leaves of involucrum ovate, acuminated,
272
UMBELLIFERjE. XXXI. ERYNGIUM.
subulate, hardly different from the palese. If. . G. Native of
the south of Brazil. Stem fistular at the base.
Bundle-flowered Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
58 E. AROMA'TICUM (Baldw. in Ell. sketch. 1. p. 344.) leaves
cuspidate, pinnate, trifid at the apex, with cartilaginous mar-
gins ; stem leafy, bearing many heads, corymbose ; leaves of
involucrum 5, trifid, about equal in length to the head of flowers ;
palese tricuspidate. If. . H. Native of Florida, in dry pine
woods. Stems 9-10 inches high, numerous. Root aromatic.
^roma/t'c-rooted Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
59 E. FOZ'TIDUM (Lin. spec. p. 336. exclusive of the syn. of
Gron.) radical leaves lanceolate, bluntish, attenuated at the base,
spinulosely serrated ; floral leaves palmate-parted, sessile ; heads
nearly sessile, cylindrical ; leaves of involucrum lanceolate,
spiny-serrated, much longer than the heads ; paleae among the
flowers entire. 1£. S. Native of Jamaica, Cayenne, Deme-
rara, Florida, Brazil, &c. in fields and woods. Laroch. eryng.
p. 50. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 163. Sloane, hist. 1. t. 156.
f. 3-4. — Herm. lugd. t. 237. Plant with an ungrateful odour
when bruised. Flowers white. Calyx ornamented with round-
ish vesicles, not scales. The radical leaves are sometimes trifid
at the apex in the plants we have seen growing in Brazil. The
plant named E. fce'tidum by Ucria, a native of Sicily, is pro-
bably distinct from this. All parts of the plant are reckoned
very powerful antihysterics, and much used by the negroes and
poorer whites on all occasions of that nature, whence they call
hjllmeed. It is chiefly administered in decoctions or infusions.
Fetid Eryngo. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1714. PI. 1 foot.
60 E. H^E'NKEI (Presl, in herb. Htenke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 94.) radical leaves lanceolate, 1-nerved, obtuse, attenuated at
the base, furnished with spiny serratures from the base to the
apexs cauline leaves pinnatifidly serrated, palmately lobed at
the apex : floral ones short, half stem-clasping ; cymes twice
forked; heads terminal, roundish; leaves of involucrum 5,
much longer than the head of flowers, lanceolate-subulate, en-
tire. 2£. G. Native of Mexico, in grassy places towards
Jalapa. E. Schiedeanum, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 5. p.
206. Habit of E. pusillum on the one hand, and of E, fce'tidum
or E. virgatum on the other.
Hcenke's Eryngo. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
61 E. VIRGA'TUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 757.) leaves all on very
short petioles, ovate, toothed : lower ones hardly subcordate at
the base ; stem very simple, but branched divaricately at the
apex ; leaves of involucrum 6-7, linear, furnished with 1 tooth
on each side, exceeding the head of flowers, which is globose ;
paleae among the flowers tricuspidate. • !{.. H. Native of North
America, in New Jersey, Carolina, and Georgia, in moist mea-
dows and woods. Laroch. eryng. p. 40. t. 20. Tratt. arch,
t. 781. E. ovalifolium, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 165.
Flowers pale blue ?
1 n'8gy Eryngo. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810. PI. 1 foot.
62 E. VIRGINIA'NUM (Lam. diet. 3. p. 759.) leaves linear-
lanceolate, a little serrated ; leaves of involucrum 7-8, longer
than the head of flowers, entire or trifid ; paleae among the
flowers tricuspidate. $ . H. Native of North America, in
pastures, by the sides of rivers, and in marshes which are inun-
dated by the sea. Laroch. eryng. p. 48. t. 19. Tratt. arch,
t. 782. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 189. E. aquaticum, Michx.
fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 163. E. aquaticum fl, Lin. spec. p. 336. —
Pluk. aim. t. 396. f. 3. Stem fistular. Heads of flowers pale
blue.
Virginian Eryngo. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. ? PI. 2 feet.
63 E. MICROCE'PHALUM (Willd. herb. no. 5558. Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 871.) radical leaves oblong, glaucescent beneath, with
cartilaginously crenated margins, having the recesses between the
crenae glandular ; cauline leaves very few ; peduncles elongated,
naked ; leaves of involucrum with cartilaginous margins, lan-
ceolate, ending in spiny points, shorter than the head of flowers,
which is small. I/ . G. Native of South America, according
to Humb. trav. but the particular place is unknown. Leaves 1^
inches long, and 5-6 lines broad. Heads 3 lines in diameter.
Palese not different from the leaves of the involucrum, unless
that they are smaller, longer, and terminated by a mucrone, but
without the cartilaginous margins.
Small-headed Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
64 E. DEPRE'SSUM (Hook, et Arn. 1. c. 3. p. 351.) plant stem-
less ; radical leaves linear-oblong, spatulate, spiny-toothed,
having the nerves in the limb branched, with the branches di-
verging ; branches of stem tufted, diffuse, dichotomous, nu-
merous from the neck of the plant ; heads of flowers termin-
ating the branches, and in the forks ; leaves of involucrum and
paleas subulate, about equal, spiny, and entire, or furnished with
a short spine on each side at the middle, much exceeding the
flowers, which are sessile. O- H. Native of Chiloe ; and of
Chili, near Valparaiso, in Vina de la Mar.
far. a, rigidum (Hook, et Arn. 1. c.) branches stiff, foilit^^f
little, about equal in length to the leaves.
Var. fl, flaccidum (Hook, et Arn. 1. c.) branches elongated, .
slender, trichotomously divided. Chili at Valparaiso and Casa
Blanca.
Depressed Eryngo. PI, ^ foot.
65 E. ANOMALUM (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. '3. p. 350.)
root simple; leaves coarsely serrate- toothed at the apex : radical
ones roundish, cuneated at the base, petiolate : upper cauline •
ones cuneated ; heads on short peduncles ; leaves of involucrum
and chaff" about equal, oblong, spiny-mucronate, quite entire, •
much exceeding the flowers, which are sessile ; fruit papillose
from vesicles. Q. H. Native of Chili, about Valparaiso. -
The fruit and the paleae among the flowers has induced the
authors to refer this plant to Eryngium, to which its appearance
is altogether foreign.
Anomalous Eryngo. PL |- to 1 foot.
§ 2. Parallelincrvia (from parallelus, parallel, and nervus, a •
nerve; nerves of'leaves parallel). D. C. prod. 4. p. 95. Nerves
of radical leaves parallel and longitudinal. Leaves narrow, and
probably reduced to the dilated petioles.
66 E. AQUA'TICUM (Lin. spec. 336. var. a. exclusive of the
syn. of Gron.) leaves broadly linear, with parallel nerves, re-
motely spiny-ciliated : lower leaves rather ensiform : floral ones
lanceolate, toothed ; leaves of involucrum 8-9, shorter than the
head of flowers, which is globose, and are as well as the paleae
entire ; stems dichotomous. I/ . H. Native of North- America,
from Pennsylvania to Virginia; also of the Society Islands,
California, and Buent>s Ayres, in marshes, inundated pastures,
and on the banks of rivers. Jacq. icon. rar. t. 347. . Laroch.
eryng. p. 5. Ker'. bot. reg. t. 372. E. yuccaefolium, Michx.
fl. bor. lr*p. 164.— Pluk. aim. t. 975. f. 4. — Mor. ox. 3. pt 167.
sect. 7. t. 37. f. 21. Stem erect, 2-3 feet high, terete, simple
below. Flowers white, or very pale blue. In North America
the plant is called Rattlc-snake-rveed, from its use in curing the
bite of that venomous reptile.
Aquatic Eryngo. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1699. PI. 2 to 3 it
67 E. LONGIFOLIUM (Cav. ann. 2. p. 133. icon. 6. t. ^5!?.)
leaves broadly linear, with parallel nerves, remotely spiny-cili-
ated ; stem many times forked ; leaves under the branches op-
posite, very short, 3-5-cleft ; leaves of involucrum 10, deflexed,
lanceolate, rather shorter than the head of flowers, which is
nearly globose ; palese entire, exceeding the flowers. I/ . G.
Native of Mexico, about Pachuca and Real del Monte. Laroch.
eryng. p. 58. Tratt. arch. t. 766. Flowers white.
Long-leaved Eryngo. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 2ft> 3 ft.
UMBELLIFER^E. XXXI. ERYNGIUM.
273
68 E. ANGUSTIFOLICM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 95.) radical leaves
linear, with parallel nerves, lobately serrated : serratures dis-
tant ; cauline leaves few, opposite ; heads of flowers short ;
scales of involucrum and palese very long, linear-subulate, very
acute. 3f . G. Native of New Holland. Stem terete, a foot
high, striated, twice trifid, erect. Leaves of involucrum and
palese half an inch long, much longer than the flowers.
Narrow-leaved Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
69 E. CANALICULA'TUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 2. p.
238.) leaves very narrow, channelled, with parallel nerves, shin-
ing, spiny ciliated ; spines often accessory ; stem panicled, bear-
ing many heads : heads nearly unarmed, globose ; leaves of in-
volucrum connate at the base, smooth, hardly larger than the
palese. 2f. G. Native of the interior regions of Brazil. Habit
of E. pristis. Radical leaves 2 lines broad. Spines 7-8 in the
space of an inch.
Channelled-leaved Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
70 E. PRI'STIS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 2. p. 237.)
leaves with parallel nerves, very narrow, flat, striated, spiny-
ciliated, often with accessory spines ; stem panicled, bearing
•— <^rany heads : heads globose, echinated from subulate-spinescent
bjjacteas ; leaves of involucrum ovate, acuminated, scabrous,
twice the length of the calyxes, hardly different from the paleae.
If . G. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Grande. Stem
4 feet high and more, solid. Radical leaves tufted, a foot and a
half long.
Grampus Eryngo. PI. 4 feet.
71 E. PANDANIFOLIUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 2. p.
236.) leaves with parallel nerves, linear, obsoletely and remotely
spiny-toothed : stem panicled, bearing many heads : heads dis-
posed in umbels, egg-shaped, unarmed ; leaves of involucrum
ovate, acuminated, smooth, hardly different from the paleae,
which are rather longer than the calyxes. If. . F. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Cisplatine. Heads semi-unguicular,
coloured. Radical leaves 18 lines long, broad at the base.
Screw-pine-leaved Eryngo. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
72 E. PETIOLA'TUM (Hook, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 259.) leaves
with parallel nerves, lanceolate, tapering into long petioles,
remotely spiny-ciliated ; upper leaves narrow, sessile ; leaves of
involucrum and palese subulate, spiny-ciliated, stiff, twice the
; length of the flowers. If. . H. Native of north-west Ame-
rica, in moist soils on the plains of the Multnomak river.
Petioles 4-6 inches long. Heads echinated.
•Petiolate-leaved Eryngo. PI. 2 feet?
73 E. PANICULA'TUM (Laroch. eryng. p. 59. t. 26.) leaves with
parallel nerves, linear, spiny-ciliated : floral ones very short ;
stem nearly naked, bearing at the apex umbellate branches ;
branches bearing 1-3 heads; leaves of involucrum 9-10, lanceo-
late, and are as well as the palese entire. 2f . G.
Var. a, Chilense (D. C. prod. 4. p. 96.) leaves of involucrum
hardly different from the paleae ; leaves all spiny-ciliated. Ti .
G. Native of Chili. E. paniculatum, Cav. Domb. Laroch. 1. c.
E. aquaticum, Cav. icon. 6. p. 17.
Var. ft, oligodon (D. C. 1. c.) leaves of involucrum hardly
different from the paleae ; lower leaves entire, or scarcely cili-
ated on the edges. l/.G. Native of Brazil. E. paniculatum,
var. a, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 2. p. 234.
Var. y, bracteosum (D. C. 1. c.) leaves of involucrum elon-
gated and reflexed. If. . G. Native of Brazil, in the province
of Cisplatine. Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c.
• Panicled-fiowered Eryngo. PL 1 foot.
74 E. CYMOSUM (Laroch. eryng. p. 63. t. 31.) leaves with
. parallel nerves : lower ones linear, channelled, bearing very
long, conjugate, subulate teeth ; upper leaves pinnatifid ; floral
branches umbellate ; leaves of involucrum 8-10, linear, quite
entire, at length reflexed, longer than the head of flowers, which
VOL. III.
is round ; paleae subulate, a little longer than the calyxes. I/ . F.
Native of Mexico, in the higher plains near Tasco. Tratt. arch,
t. 361. H. B. et Kunth, nov.gen. 5. p. 35.
Cymose-headed Eryngo. PI. 2 feet.
75 E. LUZUL^EFOUUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 2. p.
240.) leaves with parallel nerves, linear, denticulated ; lower
teeth setiferous : upper ones obsoletely spinulose ; stem bearing
few heads : heads unarmed, globose ; leaves of involucrum
ovate, acute, roughish, hardly different from the paleae. If. G.
Native of the south of Brazil. Leaves 2-3 lines broad. Heads
pale straw-coloured, as also the rest of the plant.
Luzula-leaved Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
76 E. GRAMI'NEUM (Laroch. eryng. 60. t. 27.) leaves with
parallel nerves, narrow-linear, remotely spiny-ciliated ; stem
bearing only 2 heads ; leaves of involucrum 8-9, lanceolate-
subulate, nearly entire, spreading, a little shorter than the head
of flowers, which is ovate ; paleae subulate, a very little longer
than the flowers. If . F. Native of Mexico, in shady woods
near Santa Rosa. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 34.
Tratt. arch. t. 761. Stem simple, 2 feet high. Heads of flowers
of an amethyst colour.
Grassy-leaved Eryngo. PI. 2 feet.
77 E. BROMELLEFOLIUM (Laroch. eryng. p. 60. t. 28.) leaves
with parallel nerves : bearing large subulate teeth, which are
shorter than the breadth of the leaves ; radical leaves very long,
broadly lanceolate-linear : floral ones opposite, keeled, arched ;
leaves of involucrum 10, lanceolate, acuminated, few-toothed,
exceeding the head of flowers, which is round ; paleae entire,
twice the length of the calyxes. If. . F. Native of Mexico, in
humid woods. Tratt. arch. t. 357. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 5. p. 34. Flowers white?
Pine-apple-leaved Eryngo. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
78 E. PECTINA'TUM (Presl, in herb. Haenk. ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 96.) leaves with parallel nerves, bearing twin, subulate
teeth, 1 in each pair, very short, and the other longer than the
breadth of the leaves ; radical leaves long, lanceolate-linear :
floral ones opposite; leaves of involucrum 10, lanceolate, acu-
minated, coarsely spiny-toothed at the base. If. . F. Native of
Mexico. E. Deppeanum, Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaea. 5. p.
207. Very like E. bromelicefolivm, but differs in the leaves being
much narrower, tranches of stem bearing either 1 or 3 heads.
Pectinate-leaved Eryngo. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
79 E. HUMBOLDTII (Laroch. eryng. p. 61. t. 29.) leaves witli
parallel nerves, lanceolate- linear, closely spiny-toothed : spinules
in pairs ; stem branched above ; heads of flowers oblong, con-
glomerate ; leaves of involucrum 7-8, lanceolate, toothed, usually
shorter than the head of flowers ; outer paleae toothed : inner
ones entire. If . G. Native of New Granada, on Mount Quindiu.
Tratt. arch. t. 762. E. Humboldtianum, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 5. p. 34.
Humboldfs Eryngo. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
80 E. FROTEjEFLORUM (Laroch. eryng. p. 62. t. 30.) leaves
with parallel nerves ; cauline leaves densely crowded, rather
imbricated, lanceolate, coarsely spiny-toothed ; heads of flowers
large, oblong ; leaves of involucrum 20-22, large, toothed, lan-
ceolate, exceeding the head of flowers ; paleae entire. If . F.
Native of Mexico, at the foot of the burning Mount Jorullo,
and on Mount Orizaba. Tratt. arch. t. 773. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 35. Leaves of involucrum smooth and
yellow above.
Protea-flomered Eryngo. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
81 E. MONOCE'PHALUM (Cav. ann. 2. p. 116. icon. t. 553.)
lower leaves with parallel nerves, linear, channelled, bearing
unequal, ternate, subulate teeth ; upper leaves pinnatifid ; stem
bearing only 1 head of flowers ; leaves of involucrum 20-24,
lanceolate, furnished each with 1-2 spreading spines, exceeding
Nn
274
UMBELLIFER^. XXXI. ERYNGIUM. XXXII. ACTINANTHUS.
the head of flowers, which is roundish. If. F. Native of
Mexico, near Huanajato and Chilpancingo. Laroch. eryng. p.
62. Tratt. arch. t. 767.
One-headed Eryngo. PL 4 feet.
82 E. JU'NCEUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 241.)
leaves with parallel nerves, very narrow, inconspicuously spiny-
denticulated, acute ; stem bearing few heads ; heads nearly un-
armed, globose ; leaves of involucrum 10-12, connate at the
base, ovate, 5-nerved, acuminated, and are as well as the palese
smooth. 2f . G. Native of Brazil. Heads of one colour, 5
lines in diameter.
Rushy Eryngo. PL 1 to 2 feet.
83 E. ERIOPHORUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 242.)
leaves very narrow, linear, with parallel nerves, quite entire,
fringed with villi at the base ; stem bearing 1 or few heads ;
heads between egg-shaped and globose, unarmed ; leaves of in-
volucrum as well as the paleae elongated, acuminated, and
striated. If. G. Native of Brazil, in the province of Cisplatin
and Rio Grande. Stem bearing few leaves, from 1 to 2-y feet
high. Leaves a line broad : radical one a foot and more long.
Bracteas longer than the flowers. Habit almost of a Cyperus.
Wool-bearing -Eryngo. PL 1 to 2 feet.
84 E. SANGUISORBA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 3. p. 239.)
leaves linear, with parallel nerves, spiny-serrated : serratures
towards the apex of the leaf blunt and retrograde; stem naked,
bearing few heads : heads ovate ; leaves of involucrum as well
as the paleae subulately acuminated, a little longer than the
flowers. If . F. Native of the south of Brazil, in the province
of Rio Grande. Tube of calyx clothed with scarious scales at
the angles. Heads echinated, coloured, 9-10 lines long.
Sanguisorla-\\ke Eryngo. PL 2 feet.
85 E. EBRACTEAVTUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 759.) leaves linear,
with parallel nerves, usually ciliated at the base with long
bristles ; stem trichotomously corymbose ; heads cylindrical,
unarmed ; leaves of involucrum as well as the paleae entire,
shorter than the flowers. I/ . G. Native of the south of Brazil.
Laroch. eryng. p. 64. t. 32. Tratt. arch. t. 758. Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnsea. 2. p. 244. E. nudiflorum, WillcL herb,
which was collected about Ibague, in New Granada, is the same,
according to Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. Stem erect, 2 feet high.
Habit of the last species. Calyx rough from scales.
Bractless Eryngo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PL 2 feet.
SUBGENUS II. LESSONIA (in honour of — Lesson, a writer
on cotnpositae). Bertero, mss. Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 351.
Small shrubs or trees, with dichotomous branches, which are
marked below by the cicatrices of the fallen leaves, but densely
leafy at the extremities. Peduncles terminal, bearing a solitary,
globose, or hemispherical head of flowers each.
86 E. BUPLEUROIDES (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 352.)
arborescent ; leaves flat, serrated ; leaves of involucrum shorter
than the head of flowers. Tj . G. Native of Juan Fernandez,
in woody, stony, elevated situations at El Portezuelo. Lessonia
bupleuroldes, Bertero, mss. Lessonia, Bertero, in ann. sc. nat.
vol. 21. t. 348. Stem 5-6 feet high, with forked terete branches.
Leaves 3-4 inches long. Heads of flowers dense, hemispherical.
Bupleurum-like Eryngo. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
87 E. SARCOPHY'LLUM (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 352.")
arborescent ; leaves cylindrical, fleshy ; leaves of involucrum
wanting. Pj . G. Native at Massa Fuera, near Juan Fernandez.
The heads of flowers are exactly globose, without any involucra.
Branches dichotomous.
Fleshy-leaved Eryngo. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
\ Species not sufficiently known.
88 E. PALLE'SCENS (Mill. diet. no. 5.) radical leaves roundish,
multifid ; heads pedunculate. If . H. Native of Europe. E.
alpinum amethystinum, capitulo majore pallescente, Tourn.
inst. 327. Allied .to E. amethystinum, according to Mill, but
distinct from it.
Pa/e-blue-flowered Eryngo. Fl. Jnl. Aug. Clt. ? PL 1 to 2 ft.
89 E. AMERICA'NUM (Walt. fl. carol, p 102.) leaves entire :
radical ones roundish : cauline ones ovate-lanceolate : upper-
most ones trifid ; stem procumbent. If. . H. Native of Ca-
rolina.
American Eryngo. PL procumbent.
90 E. CARTHAMOIDES (Smith, in Rees' cycl. vol. 13.) leaves
oblong, toothed, undivided, cordate at the base, and stem-
clasping ; stem nearly simple, bearing few heads ; leaves of in-
volucrum few and ovate. If. . H. Native of Mauritania. Per-
haps the same as E. aqulfolium ?
Carthamus-like Eryngo. PL 1 foot.
91 E. CCERU'LEUM STELLA'TUM MONTIS LIBA'NI. Mant. phyt.
p. 26. t. 127. differs from E. dichotomum in the radical leaves
being bipinnatifid. ex Laroch. eryng. p. 66.
Starry-blue Eryngo of Mount Lebanon. PL 1 foot. ^
92 E. PA'RVUM PALMA'RE FOLIIS SERRAVTIS. Mor. oxon. secK
7. t. 36. f. 13. .^
Small Eryngo with serrated leaves.
93 E. MEXICA'NUM r6Liis LONGIS DENTA'TIS. Moris, oxon.
p. 167. sect. 7. t. 37. f. 22. Scordii spina, Hern. mex. p. 222.
E. aquaticum ft, Lam. diet. 4. p. 758. Native of Mexico.
Mexican Eryngo ivith long toothed leaves. PL 1 foot.
N.B. E. lateriflorum (Lam. diet. 4. p. 473.) or Gramen
orientate spicatum (Tourn. cor. p. 39.) is not a Cenchrus, as had
been supposed by Linnaeus, nor an Eryngium but Corispermum
pungens.
Cult. Most of the species of this genus are extremely hand-
some and beautiful, and particularly so the hardy kinds, which'
are therefore well fitted for decorating borders. They all suc-
ceed well in common garden soil ; but the lighter and more sandy
the soil is the better they will grow. The greenhouse or frame
kinds should be grown in pots, so that they may be sheltered in
winter. All are readily increased by dividing at the root, or
by seed.
XXXII. ACTINA'NTHUS (from amv, actin, a ray, and
avQoQ, anthos, a flower ; involucels). Ehrenb. in Linnaea. 4.
p. 398. D. C. prod. 4. p. 668.
LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Digynia. Flowers monoecious,
female ones capitate : male ones in capitate umbels: marginal
ones joined, abortive, and spinescent, having the receptacle des-
titute of paleae. Teeth of calyx permanent. Petals oblong,
complicate at the apex, rather cirrhose. Fruit compressed from
the sides ; mericarps with the 5 alternate sutural ribs strongest :
having the furrows between the ribs furnished with 1 vittac each,
and the commissure with 2 vittse ; carpophore adnate. — A stiff,
squarrose plant. Lower leaves ternately bipinnate. Involucrum
none ; involucels of many leaves. Flowers white. This genus
comes between Oenanthe and Eryngium, according to the fr \Sl;
but from the inflorescence it is analogous to Echinophora.
. 1 A. SYRI'ACUS ^Ehrengb. 1. c.). If. . H. Native of Syria,
between the towns of Sachle and Balbec.
Syrian Actinanthus. PL 1 foot.
Cult. See Eryngium above for culture and propagation.
§ 2. Umbels compound or perfect. Vittce on the fruit variable,
rarely wanting.
* Fruit having only primary ribs present.
Tribe IV.
(plants agreeing with A'mmi in important
UMBELLIFERjE. XXXIII. RUMIA. XXXIV. CICUTA.
275
characters) or ORTHOSPE'RM.JE PAUCIJUGA'T.* CONTRA'CTJE. Koch,
umb. p. 114. — D. C. prod. 4. p. 98. Fruit evidently com-
pressed from the sides, and for the most part contracted and
didymous ; mericarps with 5 filiform ribs, which are at length
a little winged : lateral ribs marginal ; all equal. Seed terete or
gibbously convex, flattish in front, or terete in every part. Um-
bels perfectly compound.
XXXIII. RIPMIA (a mythological name ; the goddess of
young infants). Hoffm. umb. 171. in tit. f. 3-4-17-21. Koch,
umb. p. 129. in add. no. 61. D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 36. prod.
4. p. 98. but not of Link. — Cachrys. species, Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Pent&ndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals oblong, ovate, entire, spreading, having an indexed or
involute point. FVuit roundish or ovate, didymous, plicately
wrinkled ; mericarps solid, with 5 thick, very blunt, circularly
plicate ribs, covering the furrows ; each furrow furnished with
a vitta, and ornamented with plicate tubercles. Carpophore bi-
partite. Seed gibbously convex, flat in front. — Perennial smooth
herbs, natives of the Levant. Leaves decompound. Umbels
nrfhnerous. Universal involucrum wanting or few-leaved ; invo-
fScels 3-8-leaved. Flowers yellow, dioecious, or polygamous.
This genus differs from Cachrys in the seed not being involute
nor free, but straight, and adnate to the calyx. It differs from
Seseli in the form of the petals and sunk ribs of the fruit, and
from Hippomarathrum in the seeds being flattish in front, not
with involute margins.
1 R. TAU'RICA (Hoffm. umb. et Koch. umb. 1. c.) leaves de-
compound; segments linear ; involucrum wanting ; male flowers
numerous in the umbellules : but the fructiferous ones are few ;
fruit nearly ovate, rugosely plicate. I/ . H. Native of Tauria,
on grassy hills about Odessa and Karassusabar. Cachrys Tau-
rica, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1410. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. no. 548.
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 444. Artedia squamata, Pall, nov, act.
petrop. 10. p. 308. Sanicula crithmifolia, Willd. neu. scrift. d.
berl. ges. 3. p. 419. Laserpitium Armenum ferulaefolia, semine
crispo, Tourn. cor. p. 23.
Taurian Rumia. Fl. July. Clt. 1819. PI. lj foot.
2 R. MICROCA'RPA (Hoffm. umb. 175. fig. in tit. 3 and 21.)
leaves decompound ; segments linear-setaceous ; involucrum
many-leaved ; flowers for the most part hermaphrodite ; fruit
subglobose, wrinkled. 1£. H. Native of Caucasus at Narza-
na, and of Iberia. Cachrys microcarpa, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 218.
(exclusive of the syn. of Mor.) suppl. p. 216. Spreng. in.
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 445. Cachrys Sicula, Giild. trav. p. 154-
190. ex Bieb. Fruit roundish, rather didymous; ribs thick,
concrete into a mass, which is grumose inside ; furrows narrow,
each furnished with 1 vitta. Habit almost of Cachrys ctispa,
but differs in the true involucra not being pinnatifid, but the
leaves are multifid and disposed in whorles under the flowering
branches beneath the true umbel.
Var. ft, rigidula (D. C. prod. 4. p. 98.) leaves more stiff
and glaucous than the species. l/.H. Native of the Levant.
Small-fruiLed Rumia. PI. 1 foot.
3 R. SESELOIDES (Hoffm. umb. p. 174. tit. f. 4.) leaves de-
compound ; segments cuneiform-lanceolate, cut ; fruit oval, with
tubercular ribs; involucrum of 1 leaf. I/. H. Native of
Siberia and Altaia. Cilchrys seseloides, Bieb. fl. taur. suppl.
p. "217. in a note. Leaves of involucels setaceous, numerous,
minute. Seseli montimum, or Seseli glabratum, Willd. herb, in
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 406. Tnnia seseloides, Led. fl. ross. alt.
ill. t.8. fl. alt. 1. p. 357.
Seseli-like Rumia. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot.
4 R. LEOGONA (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 125.) leaves supra-
decompound ; leaflets bifid or trifid ; segments linear, shortish ;
involucels obsolete ; fruit ovate ; ribs straight, destitute of
plaits and tubercles. }/. H. Native of Caucasus on the
higher mountains of Talusch, at the elevation of 5000 to 6000
feet. Trinia Hoffmann!, D. C. prod. 4. p. 104.
Var. ft, microcarpa (Meyer, 1. c.). Native of Caucasus, on
Mount Beschbarmak.
Smooth-angled-fruited Rumia. Clt. ? PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 R. ATHAMANTHOI'DES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 98.) leaves decom-
pound; segments cuneiformly-ovate, pinnatifid, pubescent; leaves
of both the involucrum and involucel numerous, with mem-
branous margins ; fruit ovate, having the ribs tubercular. I/ . H.
Native of Siberia. Cachrys athamantholdes, Bieb. suppl. p.
217. Athamantha carvifolia, Willd. herb, is either referrible to
this or to the preceding species.
Alhamanlha-iike Rumia. Fl. July. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
Cult. Alight soil answers the species of this genus best;
and they are easily increased by seeds.
XXXIV. CICU'TA (a name of doubtful meaning, used by
Pliny). Lin. gen. no. 354. Hoffm. umb. 177. Spreng. umb.
prod. p. 19. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 96. Koch. umb. 129. f. 53.
and f. 54. D. C. prod. 4. p. 99. — Cicutaria, Tourn. inst. t.
171. Lam. diet. 2. p. 2. ill. t. 195. — Angelica species, Tourn.
LIN. SYST. Pcntfindria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed,
foliaceous. Petals obcordate, with an inflexed point. Fruit
roundish, contracted from the sides, didymous ; mericarps with
5 flattish, equal ribs : lateral ribs marginal ; furrows furnished
with 1 vitta each, which fills them, even in a dried state, but
not elevated so much as the ribs. Commissure furnished with
2 vitta; ; vittae under a loose membrane ; carpophore bipartite.
Transverse section of seed terete. — Perennial, glabrous, aquatic,
poisonous herbs. Steins terete, fistular. Leaves tripinnate, or
biternate. Involucrum wanting or of very few leaves ; invo-
lucels many-leaved. Flowers white.
* European species. Fibres of roots cylindrical and slender.
1 C. VIROSA (Lin. spec. p. 368.) trunk of root hollow, divided
into cells by transverse dissepiments ; fibres of roots disposed
in whorled fascicles ; leaves triternate ; segments lanceolate,
serrated ; umbels opposite the leaves and terminal. Tf.. W. H.
Native of the north of Europe, from Lapland to Germany ; and
of Siberia in ditches, lakes, rivers ; North America between lat.
54° and 64°. In England it is not common, but is found at
Isleworth, in the Coin, near Colnbrook, and Uxbridge ; on
Hounslow Heath ; in the Isle of Ely ; Lovingland, in Suffolk ;
near Norwich and Yarmouth, &c. In Scotland it is more com-
mon, as in the Lake of Forfar, and other lakes in Strathmore,
&c. Oed. fl.dan. t. 208. Nees. off. pflz. 12. t.8. Hayne,
arz. gew. 1. t. 37. Bull. herb. t. 31. Smith, engl. bot. t. 479.
Blackw. t. 574. Plench, icon. t. 21.3. C. aquatica, Wepfer.
mon. phil. trans. 44. t. 237. t. 4-5. Cicutaria aquatica, Lam.
diet. 2. p. 2. Coriandrum Cicuta, Roth. germ. 1. p. 130. Slum
Cicuta, Vest, ench. no. 311. Flowers white; anther reddish.
Towards the end of autumn the root for the succeeding summer
is formed out of the lower part of the stalk ; this is divided
transversely into many large unequal cells, so that it becomes
specifically lighter than water, and in winter, when the rivers or
pools swell, is buoyed up. The old root then rots, floats all
the winter, and in rivers is frequently carried to great distances,
In the spring the old root is washed away, and the new one, on
coming near the soil, sends out many slender fibres, by which
it is again fixed, grows, and flowers. Watson, in phil. trans.
It is one of the rankest of our vegetable poisons. Numerous
instances are recorded of its fatality to the human species by
Wepfer, Haller, and others, and in the phil. trans, by Dr. Wat-
son. Linnaeus relates its fatal effects on kine ; and Dr. Wither-
ing relates that early in the spring cows often eat it, and are
killed by it, but as the summer advances, and its scent becomes
N n 2
276
UMBELL1FER&. XXXIV. CICUTA. XXXV. ZIZIA. XXXVI. PENTACRYPTA. XXXVII. APIUM.
stronger, they carefully avoid it : that goats, however, devour it
greedily with impunity, and that horses and sheep eat it with
safety. Strong emetics are the most approved remedy for this
poison.
Var. ft, tenuifolia (Schrank, akad. munch, philos. class. 7.
p. 56. t. 4. f. 1.) trunk of root slender, bearing fascicles of cy-
lindrical fibres ; leaves bipinnate ; segments linear, entire, and
subserrated ; umbels opposite the leaves, and terminal. 1£. W.
H. Native of Germany, near Fussen.
Poisonous Water Hemlock or Cowbane. Fl. July. Britain.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
* * American species. Fibres of roots oblong and fleshy.
2 C. BULBI'FERA (Lin. spec. p. 307.) fibres of roots oblong,
tuberous, fleshy ; leaves biternate ; segments linear-lanceolate,
rather serrated ; umbels terminal and axillary ; axils and rays
bearin" bulbs. I/ . W. H. Native of North America, in tem-
perate and cold parts, from the river Delaware to Canada, in
water, and on banks of lakes and rivers. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1.
p. 165. Torr. fl. un. st. 1. p. 308. Big. fl. bo.,t. ed. 2. p. 115.
Flowers white, having the smell of cumin-flowers.
Bulb-bearing Cowbane. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
3 C. MACULA'TA (Lin. spec. p. 367.) fibres of roots oblong,
fleshy, tuberous ; leaves biternate ; segments lanceolate or ovate-
lanceolate, acuminated, mucronately serrated ; umbels terminal
and lateral ; stem spotted. I/ . W. H. Native of North Ame-
rica, in watery places, from Carolina to New England, and be-
tween lat. 54° and 64° north in the woody country ; Canada,
Lake Huron. Straits of De Fuca, and on the west coast. Bigel.
fl. host. 2. p. 115. amer. med. bot. 1. t. 12. Torrey, fl. un. st.
1. p. 308. Rafin. med. bot. 1. t. 22. Cicutaria maculata, Lam.
diet. 2. p. 2. Flowers white. Fruit a little larger than that of
C. virbsa.
Var. (3, angustifolia (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 259.) leaflets
narrower. On the banks of the Saskatchawan.
Spotted-stemmed Cowbane. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
Cult. The species should be planted in ponds or ditches,
where they will increase without any further care.
XXXV. ZI'ZIA (in honour of J. B. Zizii, a German botan-
ist ; author of a Flora of the Palatinate of the Rhine, in con-
junction with Koch). Koch. umb. p. 129. D. C. prod. 4. p.
99. — Smyrnium species of Lin. — Smyrnium, Ell. sketch. 1.
p. 359. — Smyrnium and Thaspium, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 195
and 196. — Smyrnium species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obso-
lete, or with 5 very short teeth. Petals elliptic, tapering into
a long inflexed acumen. Fruit contracted from the sides, rather
didymous, roundish or oval ; mericarps with 5 filiform, promi-
nent, equal ribs : lateral ribs marginal ; furrows between ribs
furnished with 1 vitta each, and the commissure with 2 vittae ;
carpophore bipartite. Seed teretely convex, scarcely flattish in
front. — Perennial herbs, natives of North America. Stems
nearly simple, erect. Leaves ternate or biternate ; segments
oblong, ovate, or cordate. Involucrum wanting ; involucels
few-leaved, variable. Flowers yellow, rarely white, or dark
purple. This genus differs from Smyrnium in the seed not
being involute, and from A^pium in the petals ending in a long
inflexed acumen each.
1 Z. AU'REA (Koch. 1. c.) leaves biternate ; segments oblong-
lanceolate, attenuated at the base, deeply serrated ; involucels
3-leaved, unilateral, y.. H. Native of North America, on
rocky hills and moist pastures, from Carolina to Pennsylva-
nia ; and of Canada, about Lake Huron. Smyrnium aureum,
Lin. spec. p. 377. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 171. Ell. sketch.
I. p. 359. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 195. Sison aureus, Spreng.
in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 410. Torrey, fl. un. st. 1. p. 305. Thas-
pium aureum, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 196. Rays of umbel short.
Leaves of involucel 3, unilateral, rather concrete at the base.
Flowers golden yellow. — The Smyrnium aureum, Burm. fl. cap.
p. 8. appertains to this species, but the country from which it is
said to come is truly doubtful, and is probably a mistake.
Var. /3, acuminata (D. C. prod. 4. p. 100.) intermediate seg-
ment of leaves nearly pinnate, with 5 segments. If.. H. Grow-
ing along with the species. Smyrnium acuminatum, Smith, in
Rees' cycl. vol. 33. no. 8.
Golden-Rowered Zizia. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1699. PI. 1 to 3 ft.
2 Z. CORDA'TA (Koch, 1. c.) radical leaves undivided, cordate,
crenated, petiolate : cauline ones nearly sessile, ternate ; leaflets
petiolate, ovate-cordate, serrated; involucel usually 1-leaved.
II . H. Native of Carolina, on moist mountains and pastures ;
and probably on the mountains of Virginia and Pennsylvania ;
plains of the Red River, Saskatchawan, and the river Winepeg
and prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Smyrnium cordatum,
Walt. fl. carol, p. 114. Ell. sketch. 1. p. 359. Schultes, syst.
6. p. 438. Torr, fl. un. st. 1. p. 307. Sison trifoliatum, Michx.
fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 168. Smyrnium trifoliatum, Muhl. cat.
p. 31. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 195. Flowers golden yellow,
very like those of the preceding species ; but according to Nutt.
they are white, and according to Elliot either white or yellow ;
there are therefore probably two species confused.
CWate-leaved Zizia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1597. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
3 Z. INTEGE'RRIMA (D. C. mem. soc. hist. nat. gen. vol. 4.
p. 100.) leaves biternate, rather glaucous ; leaflets ovate, quite
entire; involucel 1-leaved, very short. Tf.. H. Native of Vir-
ginia, New York, and Carolina, on moist mountains, particularly
on the Alleghany mountains. Smyrnium integerrimum, Lin.
spec. p. 1468. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 171. Ell. sketch.
1. p. 360. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 195. Sison integerrimus,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 887. Torr. fl. un. st. 1. p. 305. Flowers'
golden yellow.
Quite entire-\eaved Zizia. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1758. PI. 1 to 2 ft."
Cult. A moist soil suits the species of this genus best ; and
they are easily increased by dividing or by seeds.
XXXVI. PENTACRY'PTA (from verTc, pente, five, and
Kpv-n-Tw, krypto, to hide ; application not evident). Lehm. sem.
hort. hamb. 1828. p. 16. D. C. prod. 4. p. 100.
LIN. SYST. Polygamia, Moncecia. Calyx unknown. Petals
equal, lanceolate, acuminated, inflexed. Fruit oblong-elliptic,
compressed from the sides ; mericarps with 5 ribs, the 3 dorsal
ones are elevated and acute, and the 2 marginating ones round-
ish : each furrow having 1 vittse. Albumen 5-angled ; angles
roundish. — Herb suffruticose at the base. Leaves triternately
pinnate. Flowers dark purple, polygamous. Perhaps suffi-
ciently distinct from Thaspium.
\ P. ATROPURPU'REA (Lehm. in sem. hort. hamb. 1828. p. Hi.)
I/ . F. Native of Mexico. Mature fruit brownish, and have a
strong scent of parsley, as well as every part of the plant.
Dark-purple- flowered Pentacrypta. PI. 2 feet.
Cult. This plant will require to be protected in winter ; it
can only be increased by seeds.
XXXVII. A'PIUM (from apon, Celtic for water; habit-
ation of plants). Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 75. t. 1. f. 8. Koch, umb.
128. D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 36. prod. 4. p. 100. A'pium species,
Lin. Spreng. and Lag.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Margin of calyx obso-
lete. Petals roundish, entire. Stylopodium depressed. Fruit
roundish, contracted from the sides, didymous ; mericarps with 5
filiform equal ribs : lateral ribs marginal : furrows between the
UMBELLIFER^E. XXXVII. APIUM.
277
ribs having one vhtse each, but the outer ones have 2-3 vittae ;
carpophore undivided. Seed gibbously convex, flattish in front,
— Herbs, having the roots thickish at the neck. Stems furrowed,
branched. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets cuneiform, cut. Umbels
axillary on the branchlets, and nearly sessile at the top of the
stem. Involucra and involucels wanting. Flowers white or
greenish.
SECT. I. EUA'PIUM (from eu, well, and opium, celery ; this sec-
tion is supposed to contain the true species of the genus). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 101. Point of petals closely involute.
1 A. GRAVE'OLENS (Lin. spec. 379.) plant glabrous; leaves
pinnate : upper ones ternate ; leaflets cuneated, cut and toothed
at the apex. $ . H. Native nearly throughout the whole of
Europe, even to Caucasus, in ditches ; and also of Chili, near
Mendoza, and of the Falkland Islands. D'Urv. fl. mal. p. 457.
In Britain it is a common weed by the sides of ditches,
brooks of water, and marshy ground, especially towards the
sea. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1210. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 429. Hayn.
arz. gew. 7. t. 24. Fl. dan. t. 790. Plench, icon. t. 217. Seseli
graveolens, Scop. earn. no. 360. Sium A'pium, Roth, germ. 1.
p. 128. Slum graveolens, Vest. man. bot. p. 517. Celery is
known in Britain in its wild state under the name of smallage.
The seeds and whole plant in its native ditches are acrid and
dangerous, with a peculiar rank coarse taste and smell, and the
effects of cultivation in producing from it the mild sweet stalks
of celery are not a little remarkable ; for which, and its name,
we are indebted to the Italians, and which has now supplanted
our native Alexanders (Smyrnium Olusatruni).
Use. — The blanched leaf-stalks are used raw as a salad from
August till March ; they are also stewed, and put in soups. In
Italy the unblanched leaves are used for soups, and when neither
blanched nor the green leaves can be had, the seeds bruised form
a good substitute. The root only of the variety called the
celeriac, is used, and is excellent in soups, in which, whether
white or brown, slices of it are used as ingredients, and readily
impart their flavour. With the Germans it is also a common
salad, for which the roots are prepared by boiling, until a fork
will pass easily through them ; after they are boiled and become
cold, they are eaten with oil and vinegar. They are also some-
times served up at table, stewed with rich sauces. In all cases
before they are boiled, the coat and the fibres of the roots, w hich
are very strong, are cut away, and the root is put in cold water
on the fire, not in water previously boiling. The varieties afe
as follow : —
Par. ft, dulce (D. C. prod. 4. p. 101.) leaves erect; pe-
tioles very long; leaflets 5-lobed, serrated. A'pium dulce,
MilK diet. no. 5. A'pium Celleri, Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 22.
Celery of the English ; celeri or ache of the French ; a?ppich of
the Germans ; and appio of the Italians. There are several
sorts of the common or sweet celery, viz. 1 Common upright
Italian. 2 Large hollow upright. 3 Solid stalked upright.
4 Large red stalked upright.
• Far. y, rapaceum (D. C. 1. c.) leaves spreading; petioles
short ; segments of leaves 5, serrated ; root roundish. A'pium
rapaceumj Mill. diet. no. 5. Celeriac of the English ; celeri-
rave of the French ; and knott-cellerie of the Germans. There
are 2 or 3 sorts of celeriac, viz. 1 Common celeriac or turnip-
rooted celery. 2 OHeri-rave of the French ; and 3 Knott-
cellerie of the Germans. This last is hardier than the other
kinds, and will continue longer in spring. It is grown to a large
size in tb.e neighbourhood of Hamburgh, and is sometimes im-
ported for the London market.
Far. S, Lusitdnicum (D. C. 1. c.) radical leaves 3-lobed ;
cauline ones 5-lobed, crenated. A'pium Lusitanicum, Mill,
diet. no. 7.
Estimate (if sorts — The first three sorts of var. ft are prefer-
able for general culture. The red variety is rather coarse for
salads, but is hardy to stand the winter, and well adapted for
soups and stews. The sorts of var. y are cultivated for their
roots, under the name of celeriac, which are fit for use in Sep-
tember and October, and may be preserved in sand through the
winter. Celery may be grown to lOlbs. weight, and averaging
Clbs. each head. A head of celery, we are informed (Cal. mem.
vol. 2. p. 297.), was dug up on the 4th of October, 1815, at
Longford, near Manchester, which weighed 9lbs. when washed,
with the roots and leaves still attached to it, and measured 4 feet
6 inches in height. It was the red sort, perfectly solid, crisp,
and firm, and remarkably well flavoured.
Propagation. — All the sorts are raised from seed ; and half an
ounce is reckoned sufficient for a seed-bed 4 feet and a half
wide by 10 feet in length, of the upright sorts ; but for celeriac,
a quarter of an ounce will be enough for a bed 4 feet square.
Soil. — Celery delights in a soil rather moist, rich in vegetable
mould, but not rank from new unrotted dung.
Times of sowing. — The most forward crop is slightly forced,
Any of the varieties may be sown in the spring in the open gar-
den, at 2 or 3 different times, from the 21st of March until the
first week of May ; but the principal sowing should be made in
the first fortnight of April.
Early crop. — For early summer and autumn celery, sow a
small portion towards the end of February, in a moderate hot-
bed. When the young plants are about 2 inches high, put out
some into a warm border, 2 or 3 inches apart, or rather into a
second slight hot-bed, if before the 2 1 st of March, as well to
protect the plants, as to expedite their growth for final planting.
As soon as the leaves are C inches high, in May or June trans-
plant them into trenches for blanching, as directed below for the
main crops. But as these early sown plants will not continue
long in full growth before many of them will pipe or run, you
should plant only a moderate crop, for a temporary supply ;
when they are advanced in the trenches from 8 to 12 inches in
growth, begin to earth them up several inches on both sides of
each row ; continue earthing up by degrees as they rise higher,
till they are whitened from 6 to 12 inches in length ; when they
may be dug up as wanted.
Main crop. — To raise the main crops for summer, autumn,
and winter, make a considerable sowing at the commencement
of April. Sow in beds of light mellow earth, and rake in the
seed lightly and regularly. In very dry weather give moderate
waterings, both before and after the plants come up. When
they are 2-3 or 4 inches high, thin the seed-bed, and prick out a
quantity at successive times into intermediate beds, 3-4 inches
asunder. Water those removed, and till they have struck fresh
root. D. Judd sows about the middle of January in a warm
situation, on very rich ground, protecting it by mats at night.
When the plants are from 2-3 inches high, he pricks them out
into a nursery-bed, immersing the plants, as he draws them, in
water, so as they may remain moist while out of ground. The
plants remain in the nursery-bed until they become very strong.
John Walker, a gardener near Manchester, grows the red celery ;
sows for the early crop about the 1st of March, and for the late
crop about the 1st of April. " The seed-bed is formed of fresh
dark loamy soil, mixed with old rotten dung, half and half, -and
placed on a hot-bed. The nursery or transplanting bed is
formed with old hot-bed dung, very well broken, laid G or 7
inches thick, on a piece of ground which has lain some time un-
disturbed, or has been made hard by compression. The situa-
tion should be sunny. The plants are set 6 inches apart in the
dung, without soil, and covered with hand-glasses. They are
watered well when planted, and frequently afterwards. By
hardening the soil under the dung in which the plants are set,
278
UMBELLIFER.E. XXXVII. APIUM.
the root is formed into a brush of fibres ; and by thus prevent-
ing the pushing of a tap-root, the plant never runs to seed be-
fore the following spring. "— Cal. hort. mem. vol. 2.
Transplanting into trenches. — When either the plants left in
the seed-bed, or those removed, are from 6 to 12 inches high,
or when the latter have acquired a stalky growth, by 4 or 5
weeks' nurture in the intermediate bed, transplant them into
trenches for blanching. For this purpose allot an open com-
partment. Mark out the trenches a foot wide, and from 3 feet
to 3| distant; dig out each trench lengthwise, a spade in width,
and a light spit deep, that is, 6 or 8 inches, or even a foot. Lay
the excavated earth smoothly in the intervals, making the edges
of the trenches equally full and straight ; also loosen the bottom
moderately, in a level order, to receive the plants. Before in-
serting them, it would essentially strengthen the soil, to apply
some good rotten dung in each trench 3 inches thick, and let it
be dug into the bottom regularly a moderate depth. Then having
lifted the plants, just thin any long straggling tops of the leaves
and fibres of the roots ; also slip off side shoots ; plant a single
row along the bottom of each trench, 4 or 5 inches apart. Give
a good watering directly, and occasionally after, if the weather
be dry, till the plants take root, and show renewed growth.
Continue planting out a monthly succession in June, July, Au-
gust, and September ; thus providing for a supply from July
and August of the present summer throughout the course of
autumn and winter, till May in the following spring. Judd pre-
pares his ground for transplanting by trenching in 2 spades deep,
mixing with it in the operation a good dressing of well-reduced
dung from the old forcing beds. He says, " I give it a second
trenching in order that the dung may be better incorporated
with the mould, and then leave it in as rough a state as possible,
till my plants are ready to be put out." In the ground thus
prepared, he forms trenches 20 inches deep, and 6 feet distant
from each other, measuring from the centre of each trench.
Before planting he reduces the depth of the trenches to 3 inches,
by digging in sufficient dung to fill them so much up. At the
time of planting, if the weather be dry, the trenches are well
watered in the morning, and the plants are put in, 6 inches apart
in a row, in the evening, care being taken by the mode above
mentioned, to keep the fibres quite wet whilst out of ground ; as
they are drawn from the nursery-bed, the plants are dressed for
planting, and then laid regularly in the garden pan. The
trenches, in which his rows of celery are planted, being so very
shallow, the roots of the plants grow nearly on a level with the
surface of the ground : this he considers particularly advanta-
geous ; for as considerable cavities are necessarily formed on
each side when the moulding takes place, all injury from stag-
nant water or excess of moisture is prevented. The trenches
when planted are watered, as may be required. He prepares
his ground for celery during the winter, and avoids putting
much of a crop in the space between the trenches, especially
one that grows tall, as he finds celery does best when it grows
as open as possible. Walker makes his trenches at 4 feet dis-
tance, and 18 inches wide, 12 deep, and filled 9 inches with a
compound of fresh strong soil, and well-rotted dung ; three-
fourths dung, and one-fourth soil. Old hot-bed dung is the
best. The plants should be taken up with as much soil as will
conveniently adhere to the roots, and the side-shoots are removed
from the stems ; they are then set with the hand at 9 or 1 0
inches apart, in the centre of each trench ; it is necessary to
water well until they are ready to be earthed, but not after-
wards.
Landing or earthing vp. — As the plants in trenches rise from
10 to 15 inches high, Abercrombie begins to land-up for blanch-
ing, observing " to trim in the earth gently when first raised to
the stems, with a hoe or spade, but mostly the latter. When
the plants are of a more advanced growth, earth them up equally
on both sides each row, 3-4 or 5 inches, according to the
strength and height of the different crops. Repeat this once a
week or fortnight, till by degrees they are landed-up from 12
inches to 2 feet, in order to blanch them of some considerable
length. Continue thus landing-up the different crops from July
till February. As the autumnal and main winter crops attain
full growth, give them a final landing-up near the tops, which
will increase the length of the blanched part, and also protect
the later crops more effectually during the winter." In landing-
up celery, Judd does " not think it well to load the plants with
too much mould at first. The two first mouldings, therefore,
are done very sparingly, and only with a common draw-hoe,
forming a ridge on each side of the row, and leaving the plants
in a hollow, to receive the full benefit of the rain and the water-
ings. When the plants are strong enough to bear 6 inches high
of mould, the moulding is done with the spade, taking care to
leave bases enough to support the masses of mould, which will
ultimately be used in the ridge, and still keeping for some time
the plants in a hollow, as before directed. The process of mould-
ing is continued through the autumn, gradually diminishing the
breadth of the top, until at last it is drawn to as sharp a ridge
as possible to stand the winter. In the operation it is necessary,
in order to prevent the earth from falling into the hearts of the
plants, to keep the outer leaves as close together as possible ;
for this purpose, before I begin the moulding I take long bands
of bass matting, tied together till of sufficient length to answer
for an entire row, and I fasten this string to the first plant in the
row, then pass it to the next plant, giving it one twist round the
leaves, and so on till I reach the other, where it is again fas-
tened ; when the moulding is finished, the string is easily un-
ravelled, by beginning to untwist it at the end where it was last
fastened." Walker, having removed the lateral shoots, the*
leaves of each plant being held together with one hand, the soil
pulverized, is drawn round with the other, taking care not to
earth up too high at once, nor too close. The heart should
always be left quite free. This may be repeated about once a
fortnight until the plants are ready for use.
Late crop. — For late spring celery to stand till the end of
May in the returning spring, without running considerably, it is
expedient to make a small late sowing at the commencement of
May. The plants when 6 weeks old may be pricked on inter-
mediate beds, 6 inches by 3 asunder ; to remain till September
or October, then transplant them into moderate trenches ; as
they advance in growth, earth them up a little in winter, and
finally in the spring in February and March.
Occasional shelter. — On the approach of frost take up a part
of the crop, and lay it by under dry sand for winter use. To
preserve the plants left in the bed, lay some long dry litter over
the tops, which remove in every interval of mild weather. It js
a common complaint, that very fine looking celery is often found
to be rotten at the base of the leaf-stalks ; the fact being, that
when it is full grown, and the blanching completed, it begins to
decay, and will not keep good in the ground for more than a
month at most. Some, therefore, take up and preserve in dry
sand, but in that situation it soon becomes tough and dry. The
best mode seems to be that of forming successive plantations.
Taking the crop. — It is best to begin at one end of the row,
and dig clean down to the roots, which then loosen with a spade,
that they may be drawn up entire without breaking the stalks.
Cultivation ofceleriac. — The times of sowing are the same as
that for other sorts of celery. The plants require a rich well-
manured soil, and according to an account communicated by
Lord Stanhope to Mr. Sabine, the plants are reared on a hot-
bed under glass, and transplanted when 2 or 3 inches high to
another hot-bed, and set an inch and a half apart. In the be-
UMBELLIFER^:. XXXVII. APIUM. XXXVIII. PETROSELINUM.
279
ginning or middle of June they are transplanted into flat beds in
the open air, at the distance of 15 inches from each other, and
not in trenches like other celery. They must be abundantly
watered as soon as they are set out, and the watering must be
repeated every other day, or, if the weather should be warm,
every day. As they increase in size they will require a greater
quantity of water, and they must be occasionally hoed. The
roots will be fit for use in September or October. Mr. Sabine
states that he has been informed, that the plan of giving excess
of water is peculiar, and that the vigorous growth of the plant is
more dependent on richness of soil than on any other cause.
Abercrombie directs to earth up the bulbs 4 or 5 inches to blanch
them, when they are full grown.
To save seed. — Either leave some established plants in the
spring where growing ; or in February or March dig up a com-
petent number, cut down the top leaves, and set the plants in
the ground full 2 feet asunder. They will produce seed in
autumn. Walker grows only red celery, and in preparing plants
for seed, chooses the most solid, of the reddest colour, and the
smallest size. When taken out of the transplanting bed, the
lateral shoots being removed, they should be planted in a dry
warm situation, where the seed will ripen well.
Strong -scented Apium, Smallage, Celery, and Celeriac. Fl.
June, Aug. Britain. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
2 A. CHILE'NSE (Hook, et Arn. in hot. misc. 3. p. 353,) plant
glabrous ; stem nearly terete, hardly angular ; leaves spreading,
bipinnate : lobes cuneated, somewhat trifidly cut, quite entire ;
petals involute at the apex. £ . H. Native about Valparaiso.
The plant is much stouter than A. graveolens, and the stem is
not deeply furrowed. The leaves resemble those of common
parsley, but are much smaller, and more flaccid. The peduncles
or short lateral branches are stout and firm. Fruit much larger
than that of A. graveolens. Involucrum and involucels wanting.
Chili Celery. PI. 2 feet.
SECT. II. OREOSCIA'DIUM (opoc opeoc, oros oreos, a mountain,
aKiaSiov, skiadion, an umbel ; habitat of plants). D. C. prod.
4. p. 101. Petals denticulated, with an indexed point.
3 A. MONTA^NUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 17.)
leaves ternate ; leaflets obovate-cuneated, trifid : lobes acute,
quite entire. If. . F. Native of New Granada, in Paramo de
Almaguer, at the height of 9,300 feet. Ligusticum ternatum,
Schleclit. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 555.
Mountain Celery. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
4 A. RANUNCULiFbuuM (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 18. t. 421.)
leaves somewhat ternate ; leaflets obovate-cuneated : lateral ones
5-lobed : intermediate one 3-parted ; segments 2-3-lobed. I/ .
F. Growing ajong with the preceding, of which it is probably
only a variety.
Cronfoot-leaved Celery. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
5 A. GLAUCE'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves subternate ;
leaflets obovate-cuneated, tripartite ; lobes bifid or trifid. I/ .
F. Growing along with the two preceding species, of which it is
perhaps only a variety.
Glaucescent Celery. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
6 A. COIJMERSONII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 101.) leaves pinnate;
leaflets multifid : lobes linear. I/ . F. Native of South Ame-
rica. Styles a little longer and more divaricate than any other
of the species. It is very nearly allied to A. ranunculifblium,
but the segments of the leaves are narrower and more acute, and
the lower loaves are pinnate.
Commersons Celery. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
•f Species not sufficiently known.
7 A. FRACTOPHY'LLUM (Horn. hort. liafn. suppl. p. 128.) seg-
ments of radical leaves cordate, and truncate at the base, and
trifid at the apex. $ . H. Native country unknown. The
fruit is very like that of A. graveolens.
Broken-leaved Celery. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 to
2 feet.
8 A. AUSTRA'LE (Pet. Th. fl. hist. d'ac. p. 43.) leaves bipin-
nate : segments cuneiform ; branches whorled ; umbels sessile,
crowded. $ . F. Native of the Island of Tristan da Cunha.
Carm. descr. p. 34. Flowers white. Petals not described.
Perhaps the same as A. Commersonii.
Southern Celery. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. The species will grow in any common soil, and are in-
creased by seeds.
XXXVIII. PETROSELrNUM (from Trtrpoc, petros, a rock,
and ot\ivov, selinon, parsley ; habitat of the species). Hoffm.
umb. 1. p. 78. t. 1. f. 7. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. f02. Koch. umb.
p. 127. D. C. prod. 4. p. 102. — A^pium species of Lin. Spreng.
and others.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals roundish, incurved, entire, hardly emarginate, with an
inflexed point. Stylopodium short, conical, rather crenulated.
Styles diverging. Fruit ovate, contracted from the sides, some-
what didymous ; mericarps with 5 equal filiform ribs : lateral
ribs marginal; having the furrows between the ribs furnished
with one vitta each, and the commissure with 2. Carpophore
bipartite. Seed gibbously convex, flattish in front. — Branched
glabrous herbs. Leaves decompound, with cuneated seg-
ments. Involucra few-leaved ; involucels many-leaved. Flowers
white or greenish, uniform : those in the disk of the umbel fre-
quently sterile. Stamens longer than the corolla.
1 P. SATIVUM (Hoffm. et Koch, 1. c.) stem erect, angular;
leaves decompound, shining ; lower leaflets ovate-cuneated,
trifidly toothed : superior ones lanceolate, nearly entire ; leaves
of involucel filiform. $ . H. Native of Sardinia, Greece,
Archipelago, Turkey, Chili about Conception, &c. on shaded
rocks ; and now cultivated in every culinary garden. Nees. off.
pflanz. 16. t. 21. A'pium Petroselinum, Lin. spec. 379. Hayn.
arz. gew. 7. t. 23. A'pium vulgare, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 1027.
A'pium tenuifolium, Riv. pent. irr. with a figure. The Parsley
is called Persil in French, Petersilie in German, and Petroselmo
in Italian. It is a hardy biennial ; introduced to England in 1548
from Sardinia. It is now so common as to be naturalised in
several places both in England and Scotland. The root leaves
are much curled in some varieties. The flowers are yellow, and
appear in June ; they have usually one leaf at the origin of the
universal umbel ; and the involucel often of from 6 to 8 short
small leaves, fine almost as hairs to the partial umbels.
" It may be right to notice, that the poisonous plant called
fools-parsley (JEthusa Cynapium), a common weed in rich gar-
den soils, has sometimes been mistaken for common parsley.
They are very easily distinguished : the leaves of fools-parsley
are darker green, of a different shape, and, instead of the peculiar
parsley smell, have when bruised a disagreeable odour. When
the flower-stem of the fool's-parsley appears, the plant is at once
distinguished by what is vulgarly called its beard, the 3 long
pendant leaves of the involucrum. The timid may shun all risk
of mistake by cultivating only the curled variety. This last it
may be remarked, makes the prettiest garnish." Neill.
Varieties. — There are :
1. The common plain leaved, which is the true species, is sel-
dom cultivated.
2 The curled-leaved. This is the most esteemed variety.
A'pium crispum, Mill. diet. no. 2. P. satlvum fl crispum, D. C.
prod. 4. p. 102.
3 The broad-leaved or large-rooted Hamburgh, which is culti-
vated for its carrot-shaped roots. A'pium latifolium, Mill. diet.
280
UMBELLIFER^E. XXXVIII. PETROSELINUM. XXXIX. WYDLERIA.
no. 3. but not of Poir. P. sativum y latifolium, D. C. prod. 4.
p. 102.
Use. — The leaves of the two first varieties are used as pot-
herbs at all seasons of the year ; also as a garnish. The third
kind is esteemed for its large white carrot-shaped roots, drawn
in winter like parsnips for the table ; and occasionally to be used
in medicine, being a good remedy for the gravel.
Culture of the pot-herb kinds. — " One sovfing in spring will
mostly furnish young leaves all the year, though to answer a
constant demand, many persons make successive sowings from
February to May. Some also sow early in autumn for young
parsley in winter and spring ; but such a supply is better pro-
vided by cutting down established plants. Sow in a single drill
along the edge of any compartment, or occasionally in rows 9 or
12 inches asunder. Draw small drills, something less than an
inch deep, in which drop the seed moderately thick, and cover a
little above half an inch. The plants will come up in 3 or 4
weeks, and when 2 or 3 inches high, may be gathered as wanted
all the summer, winter, and following spring till May, when
they will go to seed. Have always a young crop sown timely
in the spring, to succeed the declining old plants. In gathering
pot-herb parsley, cut close and regular. In summer, when the
plants grow rank, yielding more leaves than can be used, cut
them in close to the bottom, and they will shoot up stocky in
a regular close growth. Observe also to do the same in autumn,
about the end of September, that the plants may form heads of
fresh young leaves before winter. On the approach of frosty
weather protect them with haulm or reed-pannels, laid upon
branches of birch or other light supports."
Culture of Hamburgh parsley. — " To obtain large roots allot
a compartment where the soil is deep, and has been well dug.
Any common mould will suit, if dry and not too rank. Sow in
February, March, or early in April, in one or more beds ; either
in drills 9 inches asunder, or broad-cast, and rake it. The
plants should be thinned to 9 inches distance, to give room for
proper growth in the roots, for use in August, September, Octo-
ber, and thence till the following spring. On the approach of
frost take up some roots, and preserve them in sand. A sowing
may be made in the third week in June, when young roots are
wanted in winter."
To save seed. — " Permit some old plants to run to stalks in
May ; they will produce plenty of seed, ripening in July or Au-
gust." Abercrombie.
Cultivated or Common Parsley. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1548.
PI. 2 feet.
2 P. PEREGRI'NUM (Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 100. Koch, umb. 128.)
stem erect, stiff, rather angular ; petioles sheathing, scarious ;
leaves shining ; leaflets on long petioles, cuneated, deeply ser-
rated : leaves of both the involucrum and involucel linear. $ .
H. Native of Spain ? Portugal ? and on the mountains of Peru
according to Hsenk. herb. A'mmi petroselinoides, Presl, mss.
Ligusticum peregrinum, Lin. spec. p. 368. Jacq. hort. vind. 3.
t. 18. Sison peregrmus, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 409.
A'pium latifolium, Poir. diet. 4. p. 369. but not of Mill. Bu-
pleurum petroselinoides, Spreng. umb. prod. p. 39. and per-
haps A'pium Romanum, Zucc. cent. p. 57. Petals white, entire.
Foreign Parsley. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1633. PI. 2 feet.
3 P. SELINOI'DES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 102.) stem striated; radi-
cal leaves tripinnate : cauline ones bipinnate ; leaflets pinna-
tifid : lobes linear-lanceolate, acute, entire, or tripartite; umbels
drooping a little; involucrum almost absent, y.. H. Native
country unknown. Selinum peregrinum, Willd. enum. p. 306.
This plant differs from Gnldium apimdes, to which it is joined
by Sprengel, in the segments of the leaves being much larger,
in the petals being cream coloured, not white, and in bein-T
entire, not obcordate.
Selinum-like Parsley. PI. 2 feet.
4 P. PROSTR/OTUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 102.) stem procumbent,
flexuous ; [leaves pinnate ; leaflets petiolate, pinnatifid : lobes
5-7-lanceolate : ultimate ones trifid at the apex ; umbels nearly
sessile, opposite the leaves ; involucrum usually of one leaf.
I/. F. Native of Van Diemen's Land. A'pium prostratum,
Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 76. t. 103. Vent. malm. t. 81. Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 430. Herb edible.
Prostrate Parsley. PI. prostrate.
5 P. SE'CETUM (Koch, umb. p. 128.) stem erect, twiggy,
nearly naked ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets nearly sessile, roundish-
ovate, pinnatifidly cut, mucronately toothed : upper lobes linear ;
involucrum 2-3-leaved ; rays of umbel very unequal. O- H.
Native of Britain, France, Caucasus, and Switzerland, in corn-
fields, vineyards, and gardens. In Britain in a chalky rather
moist soil, but not very common ; as about Mapledurham,
Hants ; at Binham, Norfolk ; near Kelmarsh, Northamptonshire ;
at Walthamstow, Essex ; and in the island of Tiree, Scotland.
Sison segetum, Lin. spec. 362. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 134. Smith,
engl. hot. 228. Sium segetum, Lam. diet. 1. p. 406. — Mor.
hist. 3. p. 283. sect. 9. t. 5. f. 6. Flowers and fruit agreeing
with the rest of the genus Petroselinum, but the habit is that of
Pimpinella. Flowers all fertile, white or even reddish. Teeth
of calyx rather conspicuous. Perhaps Sison arvensis, Brot. fl.
lus. 1. p. 424. and Schultes, syst. 6. p. 418. is not distinct from
this. The whole account of this herb by that accurate observer
Goo:lyer, with the origin of honewort, from its curing a swelling
in the cheek, called a hone, &c. is a model of precise infor-
mation.
Corn Honewort. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 1 to l£ feet.
Cult. The species will grow in any soil, and they are only to
be propagated by seed.
XXXIX. WYDLERIA (in honour of H. Wydler, who has
written a monograph of the genus Scrophularia). D. C. coll.
mem. v. p. 36. t. 7. prod. 4. p. 103.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete
(f. 60. a.). Petals ovate-lanceolate, entire, acuminated (f. 60.
c.) ; acumen incurved. Fruit ovate, rather didymous, crowned
by the short stylopodium, and short reflexed styles (f. 60. 6.) ;
mericarps somewhat semi-terete, and rather contracted at the
margins ; furnished with 5 filiform thickish obtuse ribs at equal
distances ; having the furrows between these ribs furnished with
one vitta each, but the commissure is narrow, and furnished with
2 vittse ; all the vittae are very narrow. Carpophore bifid. —
A smooth West Indian herb, with a terete branched erect stem ;
ternate leaves, with multifid leaflets, and cuneated lobes. In-
volucrum none or only of one leaf, but the involucels are many
leaved. Flowers white, not sufficiently known. This genus,
according to Koch, is allied to Petroselinum, but differs both
from it and Fceniculum, in the pe-
tals ending in long taper points.
It is also to be distinguished from
Cnldtum, in the fruit being some-
what contracted at the sides, and
in the ribs not being winged ;
from Seseli, in the calyx being
toothless, and from both these
last genera in the petals being
entire.
1 W. PORTORICE'NSIS (D.C. 1.
c.) Q. F. Native of Porto Rico,
on the west coast, where it is cul-
tivated along with Musa para-
disiaca and Lepidium Virgmicwn,.
Plant a foot high and more.
FIG. 60.
UMBELLIFER^l. XL. TRINIA. XLI. HELOSCIADIUM.
281
Leaves rather stiff. Umbels numerous, 12-14-rayed. (fig.
60.)
Porto-Rico Wydleria. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. A plant of easy culture, and only to be propagated by
seeds.
XL. TRI'NIA (in honour of Dr. Trinuus, a celebrated Rus-
sian botanist, who has written on Gramineae). Hoffm. umb. gen.
p. 92. Bieb. suppl. 244. Koch, umb. p. 127. D. C. prod. 4. p.
103. — Pimpinella species of Lin. Spreng. Lag. — Apinella, Neck.
elem. no. 325. — Spielmannia, Cuss. mss. ex Juss. diet. sc. nat.
55. p. 328.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Flowers usually dioecious from abortion, rarely monoecious.
Petals of the male flowers lanceolate, ending in an involute seg-
ment ; those of the female or hermaphrodite flowers ovate, and
ending in a short inflexed point each. Fruit ovate, compressed
from the sides ; mericarps furnished with 5 filiform, rather pro-
minent equal ribs : lateral ones marginal ; having the furrows
between the ribs either without vittae, or with one in each furrow ;
carpophore flat, bipartite from the base. Seed gibbously convex,
flatfish in front. — Much branched biennial herbs. Stems angu-
lar. Leaves bipinnate ; leaflets triternate ; lobes linear, pale
or glaucescent. Umbels numerous, of many rays, without any
involucrum, either disposed in a thyrse or panicle. Umbel-
lules usually naked, seldom furnished with an involucel, some-
times proliferous or somewhat racemose. Flowers white, dioe-
cious or polygamous.
1 T. KITAIBE'LII (Bieb. suppl. p. 246. Koch, umb. 127.)
plant glabrous ; involucels 4-5-leaved ; ribs of fruit obtuse.
$ . H. Native of Tauria and the south of Russia, Volhynia,
&c. Pimpinella glauca, Hoffm. umb. 18. Waldst. et Kit. pi. far.
hung. 1. t. 72. Seseli pumilum, Lin. spec. p. 378. Pimpi-
nella dichotoma, Lin. syst. p. 291. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 883.?
Flowers white.
Kitaibel's Trinia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. 1 foot.
2 T. VULGAVRIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 103.) plant glabrous ; in-
volucels wanting or of one leaf; ribs of fruit obtuse ; lobes of
leaves linear, setaceous, very long. $. H. Native of Europe
and Caucasus, in exposed places. T. Henningii, Koch, umb. p.
127. Bieb. suppl. 245. Seseli montanum var. y Lapeyr. abr.
pyr. Pimpinella dioica, Bess, journ. galic. Pimpinella glauca,
Lin. spec. p. 378. Pimpinella multicaulis, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 684.
Seseli pumilum, Gouan. ill. 15. Flowers white.
Common Trinia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1803. PI. 1 foot.
3 T. GLABE'RRIMA (Hoffm. umb. p. 93.) plant glabrous ; in-
volucels wanting or of one leaf; ribs of fruit obtuse ; leaflets
linear-lanceolate, short, equal. $ . H. Native of Western and
Central Europe, frequent. In England, on St. Vincent's rock
near Bristol, and at Uphill in Somersetshire. In Ireland near the
church at Athboy, county of Meath, in great quantities. Pimpi-
nella dioica, Lin. mant. p. 354. Smith, engl. hot. t. 1209. Seseli
glaiicum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 436. Seseli pumilum, Lin. spec.
373. All. fl. pedem. Pimpinella glauca, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 883.
Pimpinella pumila, Jacq. hort. vind. t. 227. aust. 1. t. 28. Peuce-
danum minus, Huds. anyl. ed. 8. p. 101. Trinia vulgaris ft,
Jacquini, D. C. prod. 4. p. 103. Root tapering, fleshy. Herb
glaucous. Umbels paneled. Flowers cream-coloured.
Var. ft, Dalechampii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 104. under T. vul-
garis,) lobes of leaves linear, short ; stem a finger in height ;
umbels numerous, many flowered. $ . H. Native of the king-
dom of Naples, and other parts of the south of Europe, in sterile
fields. Meum Dalechampii, Ten. prod. fl. neap. p. xix. —
Dalech. hist. 1. p. 749.
Quite-glabrous Trinia. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. \ to 1 ft.
4 T. RAMOSISSIMA (Fisch. ex Koch, in nov. act. bonn. 12. p.
VOL. III.
127.) germens glabrous ; ribs of mericarps very blunt, rounded ;
umbellules few flowered, furnished with involucels ; fruit bear-
ing pedicels much longer than the cremocarps. $ . H. Native
of Altaia, in plains at the river Irtysh near Krasnojarsk, and
elsewhere ; and about Buchtorminsk. It differs from T. Ki-
taibelii, in the involucels being present, and in the pedicels being
more slender and elongated.
Much-branched Trinia. PI. -| foot.
5 T. HOFFMA'NNI (Bieb. suppl. p 244.) plant glabrous ; in-
volucels wanting or of one leaf; ribs of fruit, especially the cari-
nal ones, acute. $ . H. Native of Russia and Tauria. Trinia
glaberrima var. Hoffm. umb. 93. Flowers whitish.
Hoffmann's Trinia. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
6 T. HI'SPIDA (Hoffm. umb. 94.) stem, leaves, and fruit pu-
berulous from short scattered down ; involucrum none, but when
present of only one leaf; ribs of fruit acute. $ . H. Native
of the south of Russia and Tauria, in dry desert places. T.
Hoffmanni var. ft, Bieb. suppl. p. 245. Pimpinella dioica Ros-
sica, Fisch. hort. gorenk. 1812. Pimpinella dioica, D'Urv.
enum. pi orient, p. 34. Perhaps only a variety of the preced-
ing. Flowers white.
Hispid Trinia. PI. 1 foot.
7 T. DUFOU'RII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 104.) stem and leaves
smoothish ; involucels almost wanting ; fruit puberulous, round-
ish, with obtuse ribs. $ . H. Native of Spain, near Tuclela.
Seseli dioicum, Dufour in litt. Pedicels after flowering time
very short, hardly longer than the fruit. The species of this
genus are very variable, and by no means easily distinguished.
Dufour 's Trinia. PL 1 foot.
Cult. A light sandy soil suits the species, in which the seeds
should be sown in spring.
XLI. HELOSCIA'DIUM (from IXoc, helos, a marsh, and
oKtaSiov, skiadion, an umbel ; meaning an umbelliferous plant in-
habiting marshes). Koch, umb. p. 125. D. C. coll. mem. 5. p.
37. D. C. prod. 4. p. 104.— Slum, Adans. fam. 2. p. 97.—
Sium species of Lin.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed,
or obsolete. Petals ovate, entire, with a straight or inflexed apex.
Styles short. Fruit compressed from the sides, ovate or oblong ;
mericarps furnished with 5 equal, rather prominent filiform ribs,
lateral ribs marginating : having the furrows between the ribs
furnished with one vitta each ; carpophore entire, distinct. Seeds
gibbously or teretely convex, flattish in front. — Herbs. Umbels
compound. Flowers white. Involucra variable in the dif-
ferent sections, which are probably genera.
SECT. I. MAUCHA'RTIA (in honour of Burc. Dav. Mauchart,
author of Dissertationis Butyrum Cacao, 4to. Tubingen, 1735).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 104. — Neck. elem. no. 286.? Common in-
volucra composed of from 1 to 3 leaves, rarely wanting ; in-
volucels of 5-6 leaves. — Procumbent or creeping aquatic herbs,
with pinnate leaves.
1 H. CRA'SSIPES (Koch, 1. c.) stems creeping at the base, as-
cending ; leaves pinnate : upper ones ternate ; leaflets obovate,
deeply toothed at the apex ; umbels 3-5-cleft, without any invo-
lucra; pedicels of umbellules stiff, a little thickened at the
base, and rather connate. If. . H. Native of Corsica, in watery
places about Bonifacio and Porto Vecchio ; and of Sardinia.
Reich, icon. bot. 3. p. 16. no. 365. t. 218. Sium limdsum,
Moris, in herb. Balb. Slum crassipes, Spreng. Lois. Flowers
white.
Thick-pedicelled Helosciadium. PI. creeping 1 foot.
2 H. NODIFLORUM (Koch, umb. p. 126.) stem rooting, pro-
cumbent, striated ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets oblong, equally ser-
rated ; umbels opposite the leaves, sessile or on short peduncles ;
involucra wanting or few-leaved, deciduous. 1£ . W. H. Native
Oo
282
UMBELLIFER.E. XLI. HELOSCIADIUM.
of many parts of Europe, in ditches and rivulets ; plentiful in
some parts of Britain. Slum nodiflorum, Lin. spec. 361. Woodv.
med. hot. 3. t. 182. Smith, engl. hot. t. 639. but not of the
Flora Danica. Sison nodiflorum, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 423. Seseli
nodiflbrum, Scop. earn. 2. p. 353. Flowers white. There is a
dwarf variety of this mentioned in D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 300. which
is hardly a finger in height; and a large variety, which grows
even li foot high. This plant was formerly admitted into the
London Pharmacopoaia, in the character of an antiscorbutic, or
rather as a corrector of acrid humours, especially when mani-
fested by cutaneous eruptions, and tumours in the lymphatic
system. The best proofs of its efficacy are from Dr. Withering.
A young lady was cured of a most obstinate cutaneous eruption
by taking three large tea-spoonfuls of the juice twice a day ; and
he has repeatedly given to adults 3 or 4 ounces every morning,
in similar complaints, with the greatest success. It is not nau-
seous, and children take it readily if mixed with milk. In the
dose he has given it, it neither affects the head, the stomach, nor
the bowels. This plant, therefore, if it should be eaten for
water-cresses, does not seem to be very dangerous, or to require
all that caution which Miller prescribes, to distinguish it from
water-cresses.
Var. /3, ochreatum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 104.) stems rather creep-
ing ; petioles membranous, and dilated at the base ; umbels on
rather longer peduncles than those of the species ; involucrum
permanent. 1(. . W. H. Native of ditches and rivulets about
Lugdun. Slum repens /3, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 300. This variety is
said to be intermediate between H. nodiflorum and H. repens.
Var. y? radidtum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 105.) involucrum of one
foliaceous, somewhat trifid leaf; leaves of involucel exceeding
the flowers. If.. W. H. Native of the north of Africa. Sium
radiatum, Viv. fl. lyb. 1. p. 16. t. 9. f. 2. Tordylium Cyrena-
icum, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 895.
Knot-jlonered Helosciadium. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI.
^ to 1 foot.
3 H. RE'PENS (Koch, 1. c.) stem prostrate, rooting ; leaves
pinnate ; leaflets roundish, deeply toothed ; umbels on long pe-
duncles, opposite to the leaves ; involucrum of 2-4 ovate-lan-
ceolate permanent leaves. T^.W. H. Native of France, Den-
mark, and Germany. In Britain in boggy meadows, or on
watery commons ; on Bullington Green and Cowley Bottom,
near Oxford ; on Coldham Common, Cambridgeshire ; on Gold-
ington Green and Stevington bogs ; at Fisher Row and on Guil-
lon Links, near Edinburgh ; and in ditches near Forfar. Slum
repens, Lin. fil. suppl. 181. Fl. dan. 1514. Jacq. aust. 3. t. 260.
Smith, engl. bot. t. 1431. Peduncles of umbels equal to the
naked part of the petioles, which are in H. nodiflorum much
shorter. Flowers white.
Creeping Helosciadium. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. cr.
4 H. INUNDA'TUM (Koch, I.e.) stems creeping ; leaves pinnate :
leaflets of the submersed leaves capillaceously multifid: those of
the emersed ones cuneiform and deeply trifid ; umbels opposite
the leaves ; peduncles bearing 2 rays or umbels, without an in-
volucrum ; umbellules 5-flowered. If. . W. H. Native of Europe,
in marshes, bogs, ditches, pools, and wet ground over-flowed
in winter ; plentiful in some parts of Britain. Sium inundatum,
Wigger's, Holsat. p. 24. Hydrocotyle inundatum, Smith, fl.
brit. 1. p. 290. Engl. bot. t. 227. Fl. dan. t. 89. Sison inun-
datum, VVilld. Meum inundatum, Spreng. umb. spec. 115. —
Pluk. aim. t. 61. f. 3. Flowers white.
Var. /3, capillaceum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 105.) stems erect;
leaves all capillaceously multifid. Schum. zeel. 1. p. 90. ex
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 435.
Inundated Helosciadium. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. cr.
5 H. INTERME DIUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 105.) root rather bul-
bous, stoloniferous ; stem filiform, ascending ; leaves pinnate :
leaflets verticillate, short, trifid; umbels opposite the leaves,
pedunculate, 4-5-rayed, involucrated. I/ . W. H. Native of
France, near Dax, in inundated places. Sison verticillato-inun-
datum, Thore, chl. land. p. 101. Slum intermedium, D. C. fl.
fr. 4. p. 302. Sium bulb6sum, Thore, journ. bot. 1. p. 193. t. 7.
f. 2. but not of Poir. Helosciad. bulbosum, Koch, umb. p. 126.
Flowers white.
Intermediate Helosciadium. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI.
^ foot.
6 H. CALIFO'RNICUM (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, bot. p. 143.)
plant procumbent? leaves pinnate, with 8-11 ovate, acute,
deeply serrated leaflets ; lower leaflets pinnatifid or pinnate, with
few leaflets ; umbels lateral and terminal ; involucra and invo-
lucels of many leaves ; styles elongated. 7£. B. H. Native of
North California, and on the low moist soils of the Columbia.
The plant has a good deal the habit of H. repens. Douglas
says the stems are 2-3 feet high, from which expression it may
be inferred that the plant is not procumbent.
Californian Helosciadium. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
SECT. II. CYCLOSPE'RMUM (from cwcXoc, kyclos, a circle, and
(TTrtp/ia, sperma, a seed). Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 101. D. C. prod.
4. p. 105. Both the involucra and involucels are wanting. Fruit
quite glabrous.
7 H. LEPTOPHY'LLUM (D. C. mem. soc. genev. vol. 4.) plant
glabrous, erectish or diffuse ; leaves many times ternately divid-
ed : leaflets capillary : cauline leaves nearly sessile ; umbels op-
posite the leaves, sessile or pedunculate, 2-3-rayed ; umbellules
pedunculate. Q. H. Native nearly throughout the whole of
America, especially in Chili, Mexico, St. Domingo, Brazil, and
Louisiana. Sison A'mmi, Lin. spec. 363. ? Jacq. hort. vind. t.
200. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 412. exclusive of Schaw. and Poir.
synonymes. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 386. j?Ethusa
A'mmi, Spreng. umb. prod. p. 22. Pimpinella leptophylla,
Pers. ench. 1. p. 324. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 390. Pimpinella
lateriflora, Link, enum. 1. p. 285. exclusive of the synonymes.
Heliosciadium lateriflorum, Koch, umb. p. 126. Pimpinella
Domingensis, Willd. herb. ^Etliusa leptophylla, Spreng. umb.
prod. 22. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 190. Sison fasciculatum, Pohl
in litt. Pimpinella capillacea, Poir. 1828. Anethum pinnatum,
Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Deless. A plant in Sieb. fl. nov. holl.
exsic. no. 481. is apparently referrible to this species, as also
Sison Hae'nkei, Presl, in herb. Haenke. Flowers white.
Slender-leaved Helosciadium. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819.
PI. 1 foot.
8 H. LACINIA'TUM (D. C. mem. soc. genev. vol. 4.) plant gla-
brous, erect ; leaves many times ternately divided : leaflets cut,
oblong-linear: cauline leaves all petiolate ; umbels sessile, oppo-
site the leaves, 3-rayed, one-half shorter than the petioles. Q.
H. Native of Peru and of Chili, in stony pastures. Bertero,
herb. no. 101. Poepp. no. 93. p. 281. Very like H. leptophyl-
lum, but differs in the leaflets being broader, and in the petioles
of the cauline leaves being much longer. Sison laciniatum,
Lher. herb, in herb. Domb.
Jagged-]ea\ed Helosciadium. PI. 1 foot.
9 H. RANUNCULIFOLIUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 105.) plant gla-
brous, erect, dichotomous ; lower leaves bipinnate : upper pin-
nate and ternate, opposite ; leaflets cuneated at the base, cut
into acuminated lobes ; umbels rising from the forks of the
branches, on short peduncles. O? W. H. Native of Chili, on the
Andes in Rio Saladillo, in the province of Cordova ; and about
Conception. H. lateriflorum, Hook, et Arn. Some of the
petals are entire, and some of them somewhat emarginate, from
the point being bent in so much. Calyx obsolete. Fruit cor-
date at the base when young, more compressed, and less ribbed
than in the rest.
UMBELLIFERJE. XLI. HELOSCIADIUM. XLII. DISCOPLEURA. XLIII. LEPTOCAULIS.
283
Crowfoot-leaved Helosciadium. PI. 1 foot ?
10 H. TE'NERUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 105.) plant glabrous,
erect ; leaves bipinnate : leaflets tripartite : lobes obovate, ob-
tuse, small; umbels rising from the axils, pedunculate, 4-5-
rayed, without any involucrum. — Native of Nipaul, on the high
mountain of Sheopore. Sison? tener, Wall. mss. Herb 6-8 inches
high. Sheath of petioles dilated and membranous. Fruit small,
ovate, glabrous in the immature specimen. Styles very short.
Tender Helosciadium. PI. § foot.
11 H.? Ru'iA(D. C. prod. 4. p. 106.) stem multiple, diffuse;
leaves biternate : lower ones on long petioles : lobes oval, con-
fluent a great way, obtuse : upper leaves on short petioles, with
oblong lobes; umbels opposite the leaves, sessile, 3-5 -rayed:
rays elongated. — Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sium forte
Africanum foliis trifidis seu Rutae hortensis Oldenl. herb. Sison
trifidum, Burm. herb. Sison Rilta, Burm. fl. cap. p. 7. A
rather doubtful species, but from the immature fruit it appears to
belong to this genus.
TZue-leaved Helosciadium. PI. diffuse.
12 H. HEYNEA'NUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 106.) stem nearly
simple, erect ; leaves on long petioles, ternate ; leaflets petiolate,
lanceolate, acuminated, deeply toothed ; umbels on long pedun-
cles, opposite, with 5-6 elongated rays ; and the umbellules 5-8-
flowered. ©. H. Native of the East Indies, but in what place
is unknown. Pimpinella Heyneana, Wall. mss. Mature fruit
not seen. Allied to the following section, but differs in the fruit
being glabrous while young.
Heyne's Helosciadium. PI. 1 foot.
SECT. III. TRACHYSCIA'DIUM (from rpa-^vy, trachys, rough,
and irKiaSiov, skiadion, an umbel ; in reference to the rough fruit
of the species). D. C. prod. 4. p. 106. Both involucra and in-
volucels are wanting. Fruit rough from short stiff hairs.
13 H. TRIFOLIAVTUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 106.) stem glabrous,
branched, erect : lower leaves 3-5-parted, the rest ternate :
leaflets nearly sessile, ovate-lanceolate, smooth above, but sca-
brous from pili along the nerves beneath, deeply toothed : teeth
mucronate ; fruit ovate, scabrous from rigid pili — Native of
Nipaul, on the higher mountains about Gosaingsthan. Pimpi-
nella ? trifoliata, Wall. mss. Umbels terminal, and opposite the
leaves, 6-8-rayed. Styles very short. Fruit rather didymous.
Trifoliate flelosciadium. PI.
14 H. PUBE'SCENS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 106.) stem erect, mul-
tiple, pubescent, as well as the petioles, rays of umbel, and un-
der side of leaves : lower leaves ternate : leaflets ovate, toothed,
stalked : upper leaves on long petioles, ovate-cordate, toothed,
rarely cut ; ffuit scabrous. — Native of Kamaon, in the East
Indies. Pimpinella pubescens, Wall. mss. Very like the pre-
ceding, but differs in the pubescence and structure of the leaves.
The immature fruit has only been seen.
Pubescent Helosciadium. PL
Cult. Those species belonging to the first section of the
genus being aquatic perennial plants, should be grown in ponds
of water ; the rest being annual, the seeds of them should be
sown in any.warm situation.
XLII. DISCOPLEITRA (from SIITKOS, diskos, a disk, and
5r\£upa, pleura, a rib ; the 2 lateral nerves of the fruit form a
disk on both sides of the fruit). D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 38. t. 8.
and 9. prod. 4. p. 106. — A'mmi species of Michx. Ell. &c.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calycine teeth 5, subulate,
permanent (f. 61. e.). Petals ovate, entire, each furnished with
a replicate point (f. 61./.). Fruit ovate (f. 61. c.), rather didy-
mous ; mericarps with 5 ribs ; the 3 dorsal ones filiform, exsert-
FIG. 61.
ed, and acutish : the 2 lateral ones rather concrete, with the thick
accessory margin, forming a broad disk on both sides of the
fruit : having the furrows between the ribs furnished with one
vitta each ; carpophore bifid. Seed nearly terete. — Smooth
North American herbs. Stems terete. Leaves compound ; leaf-
lets linear-setaceous, some trifid, and others entire. Leaves of
involucel few, linear-setaceous. Flowers white. A genus of
elegant plants.
1 D. CAPILLA'CEA (D. C. 1. c.
t. 8. A.) plant erect or procum-
bent; umbels 3-10-rayed; leaf-
lets of involucrum 3-5, nearly all
trifid. O- W. H. Native of
North America, from Carolina to
New York, in humid places ; and
of North California. A'mmi ma-
jus, Walt. fl. carol. 6. p. 113. but
not of Lin. A'mmi capillaceum,
Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p.
411. exclusive of the synonyme
of Nutt. and Pers. ex Torrey, fl.
un. st. 1. p. 306. .lEthusa capil-
lacea, Nutt. in herb. Mercier.
Flowers white, (f. 61.)
Far. ft ? coslata (D. C. 1. c. t.
8. ft,) plant large, erect ; stem
simple below ; segments of the leaves somewhat verticillate ; in-
volucrum of 10 or 12 leaves ; fruit deeply furrowed. O- W. H.
Native of Georgia, in marshes on the banks of the river
Ogeechee. A'mmi costatum, Ell. sketch. 1. p. 350. Said to
be nearly allied to the species, but differs according to Elliot, in
the plant being of taller stature, 4-5 feet high, not 1 or 2 feet
high, as in the species, and in the time of flowering, which is in
autumn, and not in the spring, and in the leaves of the involucel
being equal in length to the umbellules.
Capillary-]eaved Discopleura. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 D. NUTTA'LLII (D. C. 1. c. t. 9.) plant erect ; umbels 20-
rayed ; leaves of involucrum 5-6, and for the most part undi-
vided ; involucels of 5 leaves, about equal in length to the um-
bellules. O- H. Native of North America, at the Red river.
Cicuta capillacea, Nutt. in litt. 1825. Fibres of roots in fas-
cicles. Stem simple at the base, 1-2 feet high. Involucrum
deflexed.
Nuttalts Discopleura. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. The seeds only require to be sown early in spring in
the open border.
XLIII. LEPTOCAU'LIS (from KCTTTOE, leptos, slender, and
KavXoe, kaulos, a stem ; slender stems). Nutt. in litt. 1825. D. C.
coll. mem. 5. p. 39. t. 10. prod. 4. p. 107.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals elliptic, entire. Styles permanent, short. Fruit com-
pressed from the sides, ovate ; mericarps with 5 hardly prominent
ribs : having one vitta in each furrow between the ribs. Seed
convex on the outside, and flattish on the inside ; carpophore
bifid at the apex Glabrous, slender, smooth, erect North Ame-
rican annual herbs. Stems terete. Leaves multifid ; leaflets
linear. Umbels pedunculate, opposite the leaves, and terminal,
with few rays, destitute of involucra : rays of umbellules
few and unequal ; involucels short, few-leaved. Flowers small,
white.
§ 1. Fruit neither scabrous nor echinated.
1 L. INE'RMIS (Nutt. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 107.) fruit
o o 2
28-4
UMBELLIFER^l. XLIII. LEPTOCAULIS. XLIV. PTYCHOTIS.
unarmed, rather wrinkled. O- FIG. 62.
H. Native of North America, at
the Red river. D. C. mem. 5. t.
10. f. /3. Herb a hand high,
smooth, slender. Lobes of leaves
or leaflets capillaceous. Umbels
4-5-rayed. Involucel of 3-4
leaves, (f. 62.)
t/narmec/-fruited Leptocaulis.
PI. -J foot.
§ 2. Fruit muricated or echi-
nated.
2 L. DIFFU'SUS (Nutt. in litt.
ex D. C. 1. c.) fruit muricated
from rather adpressed bristles ;
branches and rays of umbel diva-
ricate ; umbels and umbellules 3-rayed ; pedicels of umbellule
about equal in length to the rays of the umbel. Q. H. Native of
North America, at the Red river. Stem erect, slender, branched
at the apex. Lobes of leaves or leaflets capillary. Involucels of
1-2 leaves. Pedicels half an inch long. Flowers white.
Diffuse Leptocaulis. PI. \ foot.
3 L. DIVARICA'TUS (D. C. mem. 5. t. 10. f. A.) fruit muricated
from rather adpressed bristles ; branches and rays of umbel di-
varicate ; umbellules 2-3-rayed ; pedicels of umbellules one-half
shorter than the rays of the umbel ; central flower nearly ses-
sile. O- H. Native of Lower Carolina, in dry pastures. Daucus
divaricatus, Walt. car. p. 114. Sison pusillum, Michx. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 168. Ell. sketch. 1. p. 356. A'mmi divaricatum and
Ligusticum pusillum, Michx. fl. amev. bor. 1. p. 168. Pers.
ench. 1. p. 308. and 315. Sison divaricatus, Spreng. umb. spec.
p. 113. ^thusadivaricata, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 190. Flowers
white.
Divaricate Leptocaulis. PI. 1 foot.
4 L. PA'TENS (Nutt. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 107.) fruit
muricated from tubercles ; branches divaricate ; rays of umbels
and umbellules 4-5, rather contracted. 0. H. Native of
North America, at the red river. This is the largest species of
the genus, being a foot high or more. Lobes of leaves or leaflets
capillaceous. Flowers white.
Spreading Leptocaulis. PI. 1 foot.
5 L. ECHINA'TUS (Nutt. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 107.) fruit
echinated by spreading bristles ; branches at length divaricate ;
umbels and umbellules 5-rayed, rather diverging. O- H. Native
of North America, at the red river.
Echinated Leptocaulis. PI. ^ foot.
Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in spring.
XLIV. PTYCHOTIS (from nrux>?, ptyche, a plait, and ovc,
IIITOQ, ous, otos, an ear ; the petals have a plait in the middle, emit-
ting a little ear or segment). Koch, umb. 124. D. C. coll. mem.
5. p. 39. prod. 4. p. 107.- — Bunium, Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 104. —
Seseli species of authors. — Ammoides, Adans. fam. 2. p. 96.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals obovate, bifidly emarginate, having a transverse plait in
the middle, which emits a little segment. Fruit compressed from
the sides, ovate or oblong ; mericarps with 5 filiform equal ribs ;
lateral ribs marginating, having the furrows between the ribs
furnished with one vitta each ; carpophore bipartite. Seed terete
or gibbously convex, flat in front.— Annual or biennial herbs.
Cauline leaves multifidly capillaceous. Umbels compound, having
the universal involucra variable, and the partial ones of many
leaves. Flowers white. This is a very distinct genus from the
form of the petals, having the segment not at the apex, but rising
from the transverse plait.
SECT. I. EUPTYCHOTIS (altered from the generic name). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 108. Universal involucrum wanting. Ribs of fruit
smooth, not muricated.
1 P. HETEUOPHY'LLA (Koch, 1. c.) stem erect, much branched,
divaricate ; radical leaves pinnate ; leaflets roundish, deeply ser-
rated ; cauline leaves multifid, with linear-filiform segments ;
fruit oblong ; leaves of involucel all setaceous. $ . H. Native
of the south of France, Piedmont, Switzerland, &c. in gravelly
and stony fields, -fluhusa Bunius, Murr. syst. p. 236. D. C. fl.
fr. 4. p. 293. Carum Bunius, Lin. syst. nat. 12. p. 733. Jacq.
vind. 2. t. 198. .fluhusa montana, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 649. Se-
seli saxifragum, Lin. spec. p. 374. D. C. fl. fr. p. 503. Pimpi-
nella Genevensis, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 604. (exclusive of Barrel.
syn.) Seseli Bunius, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 588. Meum hetero-
phy'llum, Mcench, meth. p. 86. Slum saxifragum, Roth, fl.
germ. 2. p. 338. Sison divaricatus, Spreng. in Schultes, syst.
6. p. 411.— Dalech. lugd. p. 774. f. 2.
Variable- leaved Ptychotis. Fl. July. Clt. 1778. PI. Ij foot.
2 P. VERTICILLA'TA (Duby, bot. gall. p. 235.) stem erect,
branched ; leaves all cut into somewhat verticillate capillaceous
multifid segments ; fruit ovate ; some of the leaves of the involucel
are setaceous, and others spatulate and awned. ©. H. Native
of Mauritania, Portugal, Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia, Etruria, Dal-
matia, in fields. A'mmi Matthloli, Dalech. lugd. p. 695. f. 2.
Sison A'mmi, Ucr. hort. pan. p. 132. but not of Lin.' ex Guss.
Seseli ammoides, Gouan. ill. p. 16. but not of Jacq. but perhaps
also of Lin. and Spreng. S6seli Turbith, Ten. ex Steudel.
Seseli verticillatum, Desf. all. 1. p. 260. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. *.
p. 504. and probably of Spreng. and Link. Ptychotis ammoides,
Koch, umb. p. 124. Seseli Corsicum, Link, enum. hort. berol.
1. p. 283. Seseli pusillum, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 457.
fVhorled-leaved Ptychotis. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 ft.
SECT. II. TRACHYSPE'RMUM (from rpax«e, trachys, rough, and
airfppa, sperma, a seed ; in reference to the muricated fruit).
Link, enum. 1. p. 267. Universal involucra composed of a
few linear entire or trifid leaves. Fruit muricated.
3 P. COPTICA (D. C. mem. soc. gen. vol. 4.) stem erect,
branched ; leaves nearly all cut into linear multifid lobes : upper
leaves simply pinnate-lobed ; umbels 8-12-raved ; leaves of invo-
lucra linear, rarely trifid ; leaves of involucels linear ; fruit ovate,
muricated. O. H. Native of Egypt and Candia. A'mmi Copti-
cum, Lin. mant. p. 56. Jacq. hort. vind. 2. p. 196. Daucus C6p-
ticus, Pers. ench. 1. p. 307. Bunium Copticum, Spreng. prod,
umb. p. 28. Trachyspermum Copticum, Link, enum. 1. p. 267.
A'mmi, Riv. pent. irr. t. 95. Bunium aromaticum, Lin. mant.
218. A'mmios Coptica, Mcench. meth. p. 99 — J. Bauh. hist. 3.
p. 2. p. 25. with a figure. Lob. icon. 725. f. 2. The petals
exhibit a little segment, but it is adnate to the middle nerve.
The plant is falsely called Conium Africanum in the gardens.
Far. j3,fcenicultfdlia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 108.) umbels of 6-7
rays. 0- H. Native of Greece, in corn-fields. Seseli am-
moides, Jacq. hort. vind. 1. t. 52. Smith, prod. fl. graec. 1. p.
199. but not of Gouan, but probably of Lin. and Spreng. Se-
seli fceniculifolium, Poir. diet. 7. p. 137. Sison A'mmi, Lam.
herb. Habit of Helosciadium capitlaceum or H. leptophyllum,
but with the petals of the rest of the genus Ptychotis.
Coptic Ptychotis. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1773. PI. 2 feet.
4 P. ANETHIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 108.) stem erect, branch-
ed ; leaves all multifid, with linear hair-like segments ; umbels
of 20 rays ;_ rays rather pubescent; leaves of involucra linear,
undivided. ©. H. Native of Nipaul. Athamantha ? anethi-
folia, Wall. mss. Pimpinella anethifolia, D. Don, prod. fl. nep.
p. 184. Perhaps only an uncultivated variety of P. Ajowan, ex
Wall, but the leaves are much more jagged and larger, and the
rays of the umbel more numerous.
UMBELLIFER^E. XLIV. PTYCHOTIS. XLV. FALCARIA.
285
Fennel-leaved Ptychotis. PI. 1 foot.
5 P. AJO'WAN (D. C. mem. soc. gen. vol. 4.) stem erect,
dichotomous ; leaves few, cut into multifid linear segments: upper
leaves pinnatifid ; umbels of 7-9 rays ; leaves of the involucra
linear, undivided. O- H. Native of the East Indies, where it
is called Juvanee, Ajouan, Ajonan or Ajawain. Ligusticum
Ajouan, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 21. Athamantha Aj6wan, Wall,
mss. Ligusticum Ajawain, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 556. Fleming,
ind. med. in asiarch. 1. p. 170. journ. bot. 4. p. 200. Ajava-seed,
Perciv. ess. 1. p. 453. Very like P. Coptica, but differs in the
stem being less leafy, in the umbels being of fewer rays, in the
rays being puberulous, and in the fruit being more ribbed, but
puberulously tubercular in the same way. The fruit of this
plant is prescribed in India in diseases of horses and cows.
Ajonan Ptychotis. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
6 P. ROXBURGHIA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 109.) stem erect,
dichotomous ; leaves ternate ; leaflets deeply pinnatifid : lobes
oblong-linear ; umbels of 6-8 rays ; leaves of involucrum few.
linear, undivided. O- H. Native of and cultivated in various
parts of India, but particularly in Bengal, in the island of Sin-
gapore, and the mountains of Prome, &c. ex Wall. A'pium invo-
lucratum, Roxb. ex journ. bot. 1824. vol. 2. p. 188. Athamantha
Roxburghiana, Wall. mss. and herb.
Roxburgh's Ptychotis. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
7 P. ACHILLEJEFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 109.) stem erect, a
little branched ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid ; lobes
linear-subulate, trifid, stiffish ; umbels of 6-8 rays ; leaves of
involucra few, linear-lanceolate ; fruit glabrous, rather muri-
cated on the back along the ribs. O- H. Native of Nipaul
and Kamaon. Athamantha achilleifolia, Wall. mss. A very
distinct species, but the fruit on the specimen examined not
being mature, the genus to which it belongs is still rather
doubtful.
Milfoil-leaved Ptychotis. PI. 1 foot.
SECT. III. HETEROPTYCHA (from Irtpoc, heteros, variable,
and Trri/x'?' ptyche, a plait ; in allusion to the middle nerve of
the petals being lamellate above, and varying in this respect from
the rest of the sections). D. C. prod. 4. p. 109. Universal
involucra none. Teeth of calyx nearly obsolete. Petals
rather emarginate, having the middle nerve lamellate above.
Fruit echinated by bristles. Styles long, diverging a little. —
Perhaps a proper genus. Mature fruit unknown, and therefore
also the vittae.
8 P. PUBE'RUIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 109.) stem erect; leaves
and rays of umbel beset with short hairs in every part. O- H.
Native of the ^evant, about Bagdad. Rays of umbel 6-9 lines
long ; and those of the umbellules 2 lines long.
Pubendous Ptychotis. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
9 P. BARBA'TA (D. C. 1. c.) stems erect, and are as well as the
lobes of the leaves glabrous ; but with the sheath of the pe-
tiole and limb of the leaf at the origin of the leaflets bearded
with soft hairs. Q. H. Native of the Levant, between Bag-
dad and Kermancha. Rays of umbel 5-6 lines long, and those
of the umbellules hardly 2 lines long. Perhaps only a variety
of the preceding species.
Bearded Ptychotis. ft. 1 foot.
10 P. VARGASIA'NA (D. C. 1. c.) stem much branched, erect,
glabrous as well as the leaves : leaves pinnate : leaflets cuneated,
cut at the apex ; involucrum almost wanting ; fruit clothed with
short pubescence. 0- H. Native of South America, about
Caraccas, where it was collected by Vargas. Perhaps this plant
belongs to a different section of the genus.
Vargas's Ptychotis. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. The species being natives of rather warm latitudes,
their seeds will require to be sown in warm sheltered situations,
or they may be reared in a hot-bed in spring, and the plants
afterwards planted out in the open border in May.
XLV. FALCA'RIA (from falx, a sickle). Riv. pentap.
(1699) no. 48. with a figure. Host, fl. austr. 1. p. 381. but
notofCav. D. C. prod. 4. p. 109. — Drepanophy'llum, Koch,
umb. p. 123. but not of Hook. — Drepanophy'llum species,
Hoffm. umb. 110. — Critamus, Bess. Vohl. p. 93. Koch, emend,
umb. 1. c. but not of Hoffm. — Sium species of Lin.— Prionitis,
Delarb. fl. auv. — Critamus species, Koch, deutschl. fl. 2. p. 441.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed ;
the tube in the sterile flowers wanting, but those in the fertile
flowers are cylindrical. Petals obovate, curved, emarginate,
with a broad recess, having the terminating segment reflexed.
Styles divaricate. Fruit oblong, compressed from the sides ;
mericarps furnished with 5, filiform, equal ribs : lateral ribs
marginating ; carpophore free, bifid ; furrows between the ribs
furnished with 1 filiform vitta each. Seed teretely convex, flat-
tish in front. — Glabrous, perennial herbs. Leaves pinnate ;
leaflets broad-linear, decurrent, cartilaginously serrated. Um-
bels opposite the leaves and terminal, compound, of many rays ;
involucra of many leaves ; involucels somewhat dimidiate, in
consequence of the inner leaves being small. Flowers white,
having hermaphrodite, fertile ones, and male sterile ones in the
same umbellule. This genus differs from Slum in the petals
being curved, in the furrows of the fruit being furnished with 1
vitta each, and in the carpophore being free and bifid.
1 F. RIVI'NI (Host, 1. c.) leaves pinnate, glaucescent; leaflets
decurrent, linear-lanceolate, sharply serrated ; serratures conti-
guous. If. . H. Native of south and middle Europe, Caucasus,
and Altaia, in plains at the river Irtysch ; and of the Levant, in
the more elevated fields and pastures. Slum Falcaria, Lin. spec.
p. 362. Jacq. fl. aust. t. 257. Bunium Falcaria, Bieb. fl. taur.
1. p. 211. Drepanophy'llum agreste, Hoffm. et Koch, 1. c.
Seseli falcaria, Crantz, austr. p. 208. Critamus agrestis, Bess,
enum. volh. p. 93. Sium falcatum, Dub. orl. p. 442 — Lob.
icon. 2. t. 24. f. 1. Crithmum umbelliferum, Bauh. hist. 3. p.
195. Roots creeping under ground.
Rivin's Falcaria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1726. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 F. DAHU'RICA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 110.) leaflets somewhat
serrated : serratures acute, distant. I/ . H. Native of Dahuria.
Slum, Gmel. sib. 1. p. 200. no. 14. t. 47. Slum cicutifolium,
Gmel. syst. 2. p. 1. t. 482. Slum latifolium ft, Bieb. fl. taur.
1. p. 243. Cicuta Dahurica, Fisch. cat. hort. gor. p. 45. Spreng.
in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 453. Critamus Dahuricus, Hoffm.
umb. p. 184. Furrows of the fruit, according to Hoffmann,
furnished each with 1-3 vittse, and the commissure with 4-5
vittse. Flowers all fertile, according to the plants examined.
Dahurian Falcaria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
•f Species hardly known.
3 F. JAVA'NICA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 110.) leaves pinnate or bi-
pinnate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, deeply serrated ; umbels oppo-
site the leaves ; involucrum wanting ; but the involucels are of
many setaceous leaves. 1£. B. F. Native of Java, in marshes,
where it is called Tespong by the natives. Sium Javanicum,
Blum, bijdr. p. 881. The furrows of the fruit are furnished
with 1 vitta each, and the commissure with 2, as in the following
species.
Java Falcaria. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
4 F. LACINIA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 110.) leaves bipinnate ;
leaflets pinnatifid; umbels opposite the leaves; involucrum
wanting; involucels of many setaceous leaves. 3/.B. F. Native
of Java, in the province of Batavia, in marshes. Sium laci-
niatum, Blum. 1. c. Perhaps a species of Oen&nthe.
Jagged-\eaved Falcaria. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
5 F. ? DivERSirbLiA (D. C. 1. c.) superior leaves ternate ;
286
UMBELLIFER^E. XLV. FALCARIA. XLVI. SISON. XLVII. SCHULTZIA. XLVIII. AMMI.
leaflets petiolate, quite entire, some linear and others filiform.
y.. H. Native of Nipaul. Sison? diversifolius, Wall. mss.
Stem much branched. Herb glabrous. Lower leaves unknown.
Fruit ovate. Flowers all hermaphrodite. Mature fruit not
seen, and therefore the vittae are not well known. Both the
involucra and involucels are composed of a few linear, short,
acute, undivided leaves.
Diverse-leaved Falcaria. PI. 2 feet.
Cult. The two first species will grow in any soil, and under
any circumstance. Those natives of Java will require to be
grown in a stove.
XLVI. SI'SON (from sisum, Celt, a running stream; some
plants formerly contained in this genus were inhabitants of run-
ning streams). Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 103. Koch, umb. p. 123.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 110. — Sison species, Lin. and all other authors.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals roundish, curved, deeply emarginate, with an inflexed
point. Styles very short. Fruit compressed from the sides, ovate ;
mericarps with 5 filiform equal ribs ; lateral ribs marginating :
having one short, club-shaped vitta in each furrow between the
ribs ; carpophore bipartite. Seed gibbously convex, flatfish in
front. — Herbs paniculately branched. Leaves pinnate ; lower
leaflets a little lobed, toothed, or cut : upper ones linear, multifid.
Both the involucra and involucels are composed of few leaves.
Umbels of 4 unequal, elongated rays ; and the umbellules of 4-5-
short rays.
1 S. AMOMUM (Lin. spec. p. 362.) stem erect, terete, panicu-
lately branched ; leaves pinnate ; lower leaflets rather lobed and
toothed : upper ones linear-multifid ; upper leaves ternate. $ .
H. Native of Britain,- France, Italy, Sicily, Greece, &c. in
fields, on a dry calcareous soil ; in Britain not unfrequent in
rather moist spots under hedges, where the soil is marly or
chalky. Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 17. Hayn. term. bot. t. 36.
f. 10. Schkuhr, handb. t. 65. Smith, engl. bot. t. 954. Slum
aromaticum, Lam. diet. 1. p. 405. Seseli Amomum, Scop earn,
ed. 2. no. 355. Cicuta Amomum, Crantz, aust. p. 96. Smyrnium
heterophyllum, Mcench, meth. p. 97. Flowers cream-coloured.
Seeds aromatic and pungent when dry and ripe ; but in an early
state they, like the whole herb, have a peculiar nauseous smell.
4momum or Ginger-seeded Stone-parsley. Fl. July, Aug.
Britain. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
•f Doubtful species.
2 S. ? SIEBERIA'NUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 111.) plant glabrous,
dwarf ; leaves almost radical, ternate, or tripartite ; segments
approximate, cuneated at the base, very blunt at the apex, ere-
nately toothed, or somewhat cut ; involucrum wanting. Q.I H.
Native of Candia, on the tops of the Sphaceotic mountains. Sison
alpinus, Sieb. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 414. Peucedanum Creti-
cum, Sieb. herb. cret. 1826. Spreng. neu. entd. 2. p. 148.
From the immature fruit this appears to be a species of Carum
or Bunium, the fruit being compressed from the margin, not
from the back. Stem a finger in height. Umbels 4-5-rayed.
Sieber's Stone-parsley. PI. ^ foot.
3 S. TRINE'RVE (Hamilt. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 184.)
stem erect, terete, dichotomous, striated, nearly naked ; leaves
all radical, pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, acute, quite entire, 3-
nerved, glabrous ; involucrum 5-leaved ; leaves of involucels
lanceolate, awned. 2£. H. Native of Nipaul, about Bassaria.
The fruit is undescribed, and the genus is therefore doubtful.
TVee-nen-erf-leaved Stone-parsley. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. 1 he seeds of the species only require to be sown in
spring, in any common earth.
XLVII. SCHU'LTZIA (in honour of John Henry Schultze,
a celebrated German botanist). Spreng. umb. spec. p. 102.
and in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 44. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 9!). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 112. Sison species, Pall. — Schultzia, Spreng. umb.
prod. p. 30.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obso-
lete. Petals elliptic, terminated by a short inflexed point. Sty-
lopodium conical. Styles erect, rather capitate at the apex,
permanent, at length diverging. Fruit cylindrieally prismatic,
the transverse section nearly terete ; mericarps somewhat com-
pressed from the sides, and furnished with 5 filiform, exserted
ribs : the 2 lateral ribs nearly marginal : having the furrows
between the ribs flat, and furnished with 1 vitta each. Carpo-
phore undivided. Seed nearly terete. — Smooth perennial herbs.
Leaves either radical, or from the lower part of the stem, bipin-
nate ; leaflets many-parted, decussate at the rachis : segments
linear, acute. Umbels terminal, on long peduncles of many
rays. Both the involucra and involucels are composed of many
multifid leaves ; the lobes linear and acute. Flowers white, all
fertile.
1 S. CRINI'TA (Spreng. 1. c.). $ . H. Native of the Altaia,
on the highest of the mountains, not far from the torrent of
Tegerek. Sison crinltum, Pall. act. petrop. 1779. 12. p. 250.
t. 7. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1438.
Long-haired Schultzia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 ft.
Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in the open ground.
XLVIII. A'MMI (from a/*po{, ammos, sand ; habitation of
plants). Tourn. inst. t. 159. Lin. gen. no. 334.' Spreng.
umb. prod. p. 41. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 104. Koch, umb. p.
122. D. C. prod. 4. p. 112.
LIK. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obso-
lete. Petals obovate, emarginately 2-lobed, with an inflexed
point; lobes of petals unequal, irregular, those of the outer part
of the umbel usually the largest. Fruit ovate-oblong, compres-
sed from the sides ; mericarps furnished with 5 equal, filiform
ribs : lateral ribs marginating : having the furrows between the
ribs furnished with one vitta each ; carpophore free, bipartite.
Seed teretely convex on the outside, and flattish in front. — Herbs
with the habit of Daucus, having fusiform roots and pinnate or
many-parted leaves. Umbels compound, of many rays. Both
the involucra and involucels are of many leaves ; the leaves of
the involucrum trifid or pinnatifid. Flowers white.
1 A. MA'JUS (Lin. spec. p. 349.) stem glabrous ; leaves pinnate ;
leaflets with cartilaginous, sharply serrulated margins ; those of
the inferior leaves obovate-oblong, and those of the upper ones
multifid, linear-lanceolate. Q. H. Native of south and middle
Europe, Egypt, and the Levant ; also of Newfoundland. Lam.
ill. 193. Smith, fl. grsec. t. 273. Schkuhr, handb. t. 61.
A'pium A'mmi, Crantz, aust. 217. A'mmi Boeberi, Hoeq. diss.
abo. 1810. and A. cicutsefolium, Willd. herb, ex Schultes, syst.
6. p. 591. do not differ in any particular from A. majus. The
A. Boeberi, HoflTm. umb. XVIII. Horn, suppl. p. 32. is merely
a larger variety of the present species. — Lob. icon. t. 721. f. 1.
Mill. fig. 25.— Plench. icon. 181. Blackw. t. 447. Flowers
white : outer ones of the umbels large, like those of the rest of
the species. Stem-leaves biternate.
Greater or Common Bishop's-weed. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1557. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
2 A. GLAUCIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. 349. exclusive of the syno-
nyme of J. Bauh.) stem glabrous ; leaves all bipinnate, jagged ;
segments narrow-linear; acute, and a little serrated. $ . H.
Native of France, at Lucon (Guett. etamp. 2. p. 433.), about
Paris(Thuill. par. 137.) Andegaveny (Bast. ess. 105. \ Rouen,
Nannetes, and in Dauphiny (Vill. dauph. 2. p. 592.), Greece,
(Smith, prod. fl. graec. 1. p. 185.), Spain at Aranjuez, Sicily,
Liguria. This species differs from A. majus in the characters
mentioned above, and in the more branched habit and glaucous
UMBELLIFER^:. - XLVIII. AMMI. XLIX.
287
hue. There is a monstrous variety of this species, found about
Rouen, which has the 2 carpels changed into petals, besides
having also the usual number of petals.
Glaucous-leaved Bishop's-weed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816.
PL 2 to 3 feet.
3 A. INTERMEDIUM (D. C. prod. 4, p. 113.) plant glabrous;
leaves all decompound, many-parted, greenish ; segments cut or
toothed : lower ones cuneated : upper ones linear-subulate, ser-
rated, and ending in long taper points. Q. H. Native of the
Pyrenees, and the kingdom of Naples. A. glaucif olium, Lapeyr.
fl. pyr. p. 144. An intermediate plant between A. glaucif olium
and A. Visnaga. It differs from the first in the leaves being
greenish, not glaucous, and in being tripinnate ; from the last
in the lobes or leaflets of the upper leaves being much acumin-
ated and serrated, and in the umbel spreading after flowering.
Intermediate Bishop's-weed. PL 1 to 2 feet.
4 A. VISNA'GA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 132.) stem terete, striated,
glabrous ; leaves decompound ; lobes or leaflets linear, cuspi-
date, divaricate ; rays of umbel contracted after flowering, and
indurated. 0. H. Native of the south of Europe, infields; north
of Africa, Caucasus near Kuby, and in plains towards the Caspian
Sea, and the Levant ; also in Chili, at Mendoza and Hacienda
de Vasquez, between Casa Blancaand Valparaiso. D. C. fl. fr.
4. p. 327. Daucus Visnaga, Lin. spec. 348. Jacq. hort. vind.
3. t. 26. Visnaga daucoides, Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 92. t. 21.
Visnaga, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 594. Daucus gingidium, Lin. herb,
ex Smith, Gohoria, Neck. elem. no. 287. — Garid. aix. t. 36. —
Lob. icon. 726. f. 1. Umbels often not very much above the
leaves. Receptacle of the rays of the umbel not much dilated.
Rays crowded, very numerous, and at length they become so
hard as to be used as tooth-picks, hence the name of the plant
in France herbe aux cure-dents. In Spain, when they have
served this purpose, they are chewed, and thus are supposed to
be of service in cleaning and fastening the gums ; however this
may be, the leaves have a pleasant aromatic taste in the mouth.
Flowers witli white petals and purple anthers.
Tooth-pick Bishop's-weed. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1596. PL
2 to 3 feet.
5 A. DAUCOIDES (Salzm. pi. exsic. ann. 1825. ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 113.) stem terete, striated, muricated, having a few scat-
tered bristles at the top of the petioles and branchlets ; leaves
bipinnate, rather ciliated ; leaflets linear, cut, acute ; leaves of
involucel either simple or trifid ; fruit covered all over with
small, obtuse tubercles. Q. H. Native about Tangiers. Habit
almost of Daucus. Umbels nearly as in A. Visnaga, having the
receptacle of the rays of the umbel thickened, and the rays very
numerous. Fruit ribbed, as in the rest of the genus, but differs
in being muricated.
Carrot-like Bishop's-weed. PI. 2 feet.
6 A. CRINI'TUM (Guss. pi. rar. p. 128. t. 25. prod. p. 332.)
stem terete, striated, glabrous, rather setose at the apex ; leaves
supra-decompound; lobes or leaflets linear-setaceous, glabrous;
petioles bristly ; margins of the sheaths of the petioles scarious ;
fruit glabrous, somewhat tetragonal. Q. H. Native of Cala-
bria and Sicily, in fields. Leaves of involucrum multifid, reflexed.
Flowers yellow in the dry »ate, as in Daucus aureus.
Hairy Bishop's-weed. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
7 A. ANETHIFOLIUM (Lam. diet. 1. p. 132.) stem furrowed,
glabrous ; leaves decompound ; lobes or leaflets multifid, capil-
lary ; petioles channelled ; leaves of involucrum capillary, trifid.
$ . 1 H. Native of the Levant, or Siberia. Daucus meoides,
Pers. ench. 1. p. 308. Umbels terminal, flat. Stem and rays
of umbel reddish. Fruit quite glabrous. Leaves of involucels
sometimes trifid.
Fennel- leaved Bishop's-weed. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. PL
2 feet.
8 A. PU'MILUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 113.) stem erect, angular,
leafy, glabrous ; leaves bipinnate ; segments or leaflets pinnati-
fid ; lobes linear ; umbels opposite the leaves, pedunculate ;
leaves of involucels numerous, with scarious margins, and are
rather scabrous, as well as the rays ; some of the leaves of the
involucra are trifid at the apex. Q. H. Native of Portugal,
in sandy places, at the river Tavora, and elsewhere in Beira.
Sison pumilus, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 425. Fruit, according to
Brotero, like that of parsley. Lower leaves lika A. glaucifolium.
Petals obovate, unequally obcordate. Herb a foot high, not
dwarf. This is joined by Sprengel with Ptychotis verticillata, but
it is very distinct from that plant ; but from the obsolete teeth of
the calyx, and from the leaves of the involucrum being sometimes
trifid, it comes nearest to the present genus, although it may
hereafter form a proper genus, from the fruit being much more
angular ?
Dwarf Bishop's-weed. PL 1 to 1| foot.
9 A. BROUSSONE'TII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 113.) stem erect,
terete, leafy, glabrous, branched ; lower leaves unknown ; upper
ones tripartite : lobes cuneate-oblong, entire or tridentate ; leaves
of involucrum linear or rarely trifid ; young fruit rather scabrous
from adpressed short hairs. O- H. Native of Africa, proba-
bly about Mogador. Habit nearly of A. majus and A. glauci-
folium, but the involucra are very different.
Broussonet's Bishop's-weed. Pi. 1 to 2 feet.
10 A. CICUTA'RIUM (Willd. rel. in Schultes syst. 6. p. 531.)
stem angularly-furrowed, quite glabrous, furnished with few
leaves ; leaves ternately tri-pinnatifid : ultimate segments lanceo-
late, very acute, trifid ; umbels with 6-8 rays ; leaves of involu-
cra bipinnate : having the lobes or leaflets linear, and deeply
toothed. O- ? H. Native of South America, but in what place
is unknown. Plant small. Schlecht in litt. Petioles 3 to 4
inches long. Rays of umbel stiff, angular, shorter than the
involucrum. Leaves of involucel pinnatifid or trifid. Fruit
ovate, compressed from the sides, glabrous ; styles short, di-
verging. Ribs of mericarps rather prominent, having the fur-
rows between the ribs furnished with 1 vitta each, and the com-
missure with 2 vittae.
Cicuta-like Bishop's-weed. • PL 1 foot.
* Species not sufficiently known.
11 A.? PYRENA'ICUM (Lapeyr abr. p. 145.) stem glabrous,
flexuous ; leaves somewhat bipinnate ; lobes or leaflets entire or
cut, ultimate ones decurrent ; leaves of involucels setaceous or
trifid, twice the length of the umbellules. Q. H. Native of
the Pyrenees, in fields about Madres and St. Beat. The petals
are said by La Peyrouse to be rounded (arrondis) which indicates
that the plant does not belong to this genus.
Pyrenean Bishop's-weed. PL 1 foot.
12 A. RUBRICAU'LE (Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 272.) stem un-
known ; leaves somewhat verticillately tripinnate : leaflets capil-
lary ; leaves of involucel compound, longer than the umbellule.
$ . H. Native of North America, near Baltimore. Perhaps
the same as A. anethifolium.
Red-stemmed Bishop's-weed. PL 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. The species of A'mmi are very showy while in flower ;
the seeds of them only require to be sown in the open ground
early in spring.
XLIX. jEGOPODIUM (from o(£, aix, a goat, and
a dim. of irove, pous, a foot ; probably from the shape of the
leaves.) Lin. gen. no. 368. Hoffm. umb. gen. p. 82. t. 1. f. 6.
Koch, umb. p. 122. D. C. prod. 4. p. 114. — Podagraria Riv.
peut. t. 47.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obovate emarginate, with an inflexed point. Stylopodium
288
UMBELLIFER/E. L. CARUM.
distinct, conical, terminated by the long deflexed styles. Fruit
compressed from the sides, ovate ; mericarps with 5 filiform
ribs ; lateral ribs marginating ; furrows between the ribs
destitute of vittae. Carpophore setaceous, forked at the apex.
Seeds teretely convex on the outside, and flattish on the
inside. Branching herbs, with creeping roots. Leaves biter-
nate or triternate ; upper cauline ones ternate : leaflets ovate-
oblong, acuminated, serrated. Umbels composed of many rays.
Both the involucra and involucels are wanting. Flowers white :
anthers when young purple.
1 JE. PODAGRA'RIA (Lin. spec. p. 379.) stem furrowed ; leaves
biternate or triternate ; leaflets oblong-serrated, unequal at the
base, lower ones binate. If.. H. Native throughout the whole
of Europe, even to Caucasus and Siberia, in hedges and orchards.
Very common in some parts of Britain. Oed. fl. dan. t. 670.
Smith engl. bot. t. 940. Schkuhr, handb. t. 79. Riv. t. 47.
Tragoselinum angelica Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 449. Pimpinella ange-
licaefolia, Lam. diet. 1. p. 451. Ligusticum podagraria, Crantz.
aust. p. 200. Seseli ^gopodium, Scop. earn. ed. 2. no. 359.
Podagvaria JEgopodium Mcencli, Meth. p. 90. Sison Podagraria
Spreng. umb. prod. p. 35. — Lob. icon. t. 700. f. 2. The plant
is called Herb Gerard, Gout-weed, Ash-meed, or Ach-rveed, and
Wild Masterwort, and being a great creeper, it cannot be admit-
ted into gardens, for after it gets hold it is next to impossible to
eradicate it again. Though it has the quality of most umbelli-
ferous plants, of being aromatic, yet it is not used at all in
medicine ; nor has it any title to its name gout-weed, though the
Germans formerly used it to assuage the pain both of the gout
and piles. Linnaeus says it is eaten in Sweden, boiled for greens,
when tender in the spring. The roots are sometimes sold for
those of the true Masterwort, the Imperatoria Ostruthium.
Gout-need. Fl. May, July. Britain. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
2 JE. ALPE'STRE (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 7. fl. alt. 1, p. 354.)
stem smooth ; lower leaves ternately pinnate ; leaflets ovate, cut,
lower and terminal ones somewhat tripartite ; upper leaves ter-
nate, having the leaflets pinnate at the base, but drawn out at
the apex, and nearly entire. %. H. Native of Altaia, in
shady places on the north sides of the mountains near Riddersk,
about the fountains of the rivers. Uba and Tscharuych. Root
creeping. Flowers white.
Alp Gout-weed. Fl. Ju. July. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. The plants will grow under any circumstance.
L. CA'RUM (so named from Caria, in Asia Minor ; origi-
nally found there) Kock. umb. p. 121. D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 41.
prod. 4. p. 414. Carum, Sison, and Bunium species of Lin.
and Hoffm. — Carum and Slum species of Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals regular obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Stylo-
podium depressed ; styles deflexed. Fruit contracted from the
sides, ovate or oblong ; mericarps furnished with 5 filiform, equal
ribs : lateral ribs marginating ; having the furrows between the
ribs furnished with one vitta each, and the commissure, which is
flat, with two vittse. Carpophore free, forked at the apex.
Seed terete, convex on the back, and flattish in front. Herbs
glabrous, usually perennial. Roots tuberous, edible. Leaves
pinnate ; segments or leaflets multifid. Both the involucra and
involucels are variable. Flowers white.
SECT. I. CA'RVI (an alteration of the generic name). D. C.
prod, 4. p. 115. — Carum, Lin. — Careum, Adans. fam. 2. p. 98.
Involucrum wanting ; involucels wanting, or of very few leaves.
1 C. CA'RVI (Lin. spec. 378.) root fusiform ; leaves bipin-
nate ; leaflets decussate, multifid ; stems furrowed ; in-
volucra and involucels wanting, fl/. H. Native through-
out the whole of Europe, in meadows and pastures ; and
of Altaia, in dry grassy places at the river Tscharaiych. Fre-
quent in Britain, but is only a naturalised plant. Fl. dan. 1091.
Smith, engl. bot. t. 1503. Nees, off. pfl. 14. t. 17. Mart,
rust. t. 55. Hayn. arzn. gew. 7. t. 19. Woodv. med. bot.
Jacq. aust. t. 393. A' pium Carvi Crantz, aust. p. 218. Seseli
Carvi, Scop. earn. no. 361. Btinium Carvi, Bieb. fl. taur. 1.
p. 211. suppl. p. 206. Lagae'cia cuminoides, Willem. phyt. 1.
p. 254. but not of Lin. Carvi, Riv. pent. irr. with a figure.
Flowers white. Leaflets of leaves in sixes, appearing rathex.
verticillate. The caraway is called Carvi in France, Italy, and
Scotland, and Kummel in Germany. The plant is cultivated
chiefly for the seed, which is used in confectionary and in medi-
cine. In spring the under leaves are sometimes put in soups ;
and in former times the fusiform roots were eaten as parsnips,
to which Parkinson gives them the preference.
Garden culture. — The plant is raised from seed, of which a
quarter of an ounce is sufficient for a seed-bed 4 feet by 6. Sow
annually, in autumn, soon after the seed is ripe : the seedlings
will rise quickly, and should be thinned to a foot distance each
way. In default of sowing in autumn, sow in March or April,
either in drills or broad-cast ; but the plants so raised will not,
in general, flower till the following year. When the seed is ripe,
the plant is generally pulled up in gathering, especially in field
culture.
Field culture. — The culture and management oft the caraway
is the same as that of Coriander. In all probability both plants
would answer if sown like clover among a crop of corn, hoed
and thinned when the crop was removed, and again in the fol-
lowing spring. The method of culture in Essex is, about the
beginning of March to plough some old pasture land ; if it has
been pasture for a century the better ; and the soil should be very
strong clayey loam. Twelve pounds of caraway-seed are mixed
with ten pounds of coriander, and twelve pounds of teazle-seed ;
this is sufficient for an acre, and is sown directly after the plough,
harrowing the land well. When the plants appear of sufficient
strength to bear the hoe, which will not be until about ten weeks
after sowing, it must not be omitted ; and in the course of the
summer the crop will require three hoeings, besides one at
Michaelmas. The coriander, being annual, will be fit to cut
about the beginning of July. It is left in the field after cutting,
and threshed on a cloth in the same manner as rape-seed. About
April following the caraway and teazle will want a good hoeing,
done deep and well, and another about the beginning of June.
The caraway will be fit to cut the beginning of July, and must
be threshed in the same manner as the coriander. This com-
pound crop is mostly sown on lands so strong as to require being
a little exhausted to make it fit for corn. Caraway and coriander
are oftenest sown without teazle ; the latter being a troublesome
and uncertain crop, and the produce of caraway much greater
without it. The produce of caraway, on very rich old leys, in
the hundreds or low lands of Essex, has often been twenty cwt.
to the acre. There is always a demand for the seed in the
London market. The uses of caraway-seed are the same as
those of coriander, and its oil and other preparations are more
used in medicine. Dr. Anderson says, both the roots and tops
may be given to cattle in spring. The seeds have an aromatic
smell, and warm pungent taste, and yield much essential oil.
They are employed as stomachic and carminative, in flatulent
colics. The oil is used in the same way as other volatile oils.
Var. /3, pterochlce num (D. C. prod. 4. p. 115.) leaves of
involucrum few and multifid. O- H- Native of Montbelliard,
in humid meadows not unfrequent.
Var. y, nanum (D. C. 1. c.) stems short. 7£. H. Native of
the Apennines. Pimpinella vaginata, Jan. herb.
far. B, elongatum, segments of the leaves linear, elongated.
7£. H. Native of Canada. C. Carvi, var. /3, Hook, fl. bor.
UMBELLIFER.E. L. CAUUM. LI. CHAM/ESCIADIUM. LIT. BUKIUM.
289
amer. 1. p. 661. Differing from the European plant in the
leaves being remarkably long and slender.
Var. £, roseum, flowers rose-coloured. "%.. H. Native of
Altaia, near Krasnajaparki, at the river Irtysh.
Common Carvi, or Caraway. Fl. May, Ju. Britain. PI. 1^
foot.
2 C. RIGIDULUM (Koch, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 115.) root
fusiform ; stem nearly naked, sparingly branched, quite gla-
brous ; lower leaves pinnate : leaflets many-parted, even from the
base : lobes linear-subulate, acute, undivided or parted ; upper
sheaths adpressed, almost leafless ; involucrum almost wanting ;
leaves of involucels linear-subulate, about equal in length to the
umbellules ; fruit glabrous. "%.. H. Native of Liguria, about
Sarzana, &c. Selinum rigidulum, Viv. fl. ital. fragm. 1. p. 14.
t. 15. ann. bot. 1. p. 2. p. 164. Spreng umb. spec. 76. Bertol.
amoen. ital. p. 348. S. Appianum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 309. S. Appi-
anum, Viv. cat. Seseli pimpinelloides Lin. spec. p. 372. Willd.
nov. act. nat. cur. 4. p. 109. spec. 1459 ; but the plant under this
name from Sprengel is S. Peucedanum ChabraeM, var./3, Podolicum.
Stiff Caraway. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 foot.
SECT. II. BULBOCA'STANUM (from bulbus, a bulb, and castanea,
a chestnut ; the root is bulbous, and tastes like a chestnut.) Adans.
fam. 2. p. 97. but not of Lag. Both the involucra and involucels
are many -leaved.
* Root bulbous.
3 C. BULBOCA'STANUM (Koch, umb. p. 121.) root globose;
stems terete, branched ; . leaves decompound ; leaflets linear,
cuspidate, a little channelled, quite entire, and rather bifid :
leaves of involucra and involucels numerous, subulate. If . H.
Native of Europe in heaths, pastures, among bushes, and in
woods. Bunium, bulbocastanum, Lin. spec. p. 349. Fl. dan.
t. 220. Lam. ill. t. 197. Bunium minus Gouan. ill. p. 10.
Bunium flexu6sum, Smith. Sium Bulbocastanum, Spreng in
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 538. Scandix Bulbocastanum, Mcench,
meth. p. 101. — Lob. icon. t. 745. f. 1. Tuber or root spherical,
black on the outside and white inside, of an agreeable sweet
taste. Root leaves tripinnate, cauline ones bipinnate.
Bulbocastanum, or Earth-nut. Fl. May, Ju. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
* * Root fasciculate.
4 C. VERTICILLA'TCM (Koch, umb. p. 122.) root fasciculate,
with spindle-shaped branches; stem terete, hardly branched;
leaves pinnate ; leaflets many-parted ; segments crowded in a
whorled manner, linear- filiform ; leaves of both involucra and
involucels numerous, short, and deflexed. T(., H. Native of
the western parts of Europe, from Corsica to Britain ; plentiful
in the western parts of Scotland and Wales ; in Ireland, near
Lane bridge, Killarney, and between Bantry Bay and the river
Kenmare. Sison verticillatum, Lin. spec. 363. Smith, engl.
bot. t. 395. Lightf. scot. 1096. t. 35. Sium verticillatum,
Lam. diet. 1. p. 407. Carvi foliis tenuissimis asphodel! radice,
Tourn. inst. 306. Carvi Lusitanicum, &c. Juss. herb. Sprengel
refers to this the >5Jthus%fatua, Ait. hort. kew, 1. p. 355. or
Meum fatuum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 319. but it appears to have
nothing to do 'with the present plant. Flowers white.
WAorferf-leaved Caraway. Fl. July. Britain. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. The more sandy the soil is the better the species will
grow. They are increased either by dividing at the root, or by
seed.
LI. CHAMjESCIA'DIUM (from \apai, chamai, on the
ground, and aKinStov, skiadion, an umbel ; in allusion to the
plant being dwarf as well as umbelliferous). Meyer, verz.
pflanz. p. 122. — Bunium species of Bieb.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx a little
VOL. HI.
toothed. Petals ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, oblique or in-
flexed at the apex. Stylopodium depressed, margined. Styles
reflexed. Fruit ovate-oblon;;, compressed from the sides ; meri-
carps solid, having 5 equal filiform ribs : the lateral ribs margin-
ating ; with the furrows between the ribs furnished with 3-4
vittae each. Seed somewhat semi-terete, flattish in front ; car-
pophore adnate, bifid at the apex. — An herb with a fusiform root,
supra-decompound or bipinnate leaves : having the segments or
leaflets divided into many setaceous lobes. Scapes radical. In-
volucra and involucels of many leaves. Petals yellow. Com-
missure of fruit furnished with 4-6 vittae. The fruit is nearly
like that of Slum, and the petals that of Helosciadium.
1 C. FLAVE'SCENS (Meyer, 1. c.). If. . H. Native throughout
the whole of Caucasus, in grassy places, at the elevation of from
2400 to 8000 feet ; and of Cappadocia. Bunium acaule, Hoffm.
umb. 1. p. 87. and 108. Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 205. A'mmi
acaule, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 530. Carvi Cappadocicum acaulon
foliis Chamaemeli, Tourn. cor. p. 21.
Yellowish-fiowcred Chamaesciadium. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1820. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. See Bunium for culture and propagation.
LII. BIPNIUM (from fluvvoQ, bounos, a hill ; habitation of
some of the species) Koch, in litt. 1828. Link. enum. 1. p. 267 ?
D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 41. prod. 4. p. 115. — Bulbocastanum,
Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 99. but not of Adans. — Myrrhis and Wall-
rothia species Spreng. — Bunium species of Lin.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit con-
tracted from the sides, linear-oblong ; mericarps furnished with
5 equal filiform, obtuse ribs : lateral ribs marginating ; having the
furrows between the ribs furnished with 2-3 vittae each, and the
commissure with 4 vittao ; the vittae all superficial. Carpophore
free, bifid. Seed teretely convex on the outside, and flattish
in front. Herbs perennial. Roots usually tuberous and globose.
Stems terete and attenuated at the base in the tuberous rooted
species. Leaves decompound ; segments or leaflets divided into
many slender linear lobes ; involucra various : involucels few-
leaved. Flowers white, rarely yellow or green.
SECT. I. CHRY'SEUM (from -^ovaog, chrysos, gold ; in allusion
to the yellow flowers of the species.) D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 41.
prod. 4. p. 116. Both the involucra and involucels are many-
leaved. Flowers yellow or greenish. Styles diverging. The
vittae in the furrows of the fruit in the different species are
variable in number. This section is intermediate between Carum
and Bunium, but differs from both these genera in the flowers
being yellow.
1 B. FEUCEDANoiDES (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 211. suppl. 208.)
root fusiform ; stem striately furrowed, branched; leaves bipin-
nate : leaflets of the radical leaves decussated, with broader
lobes ; segments of the cauline leaves linear and divaricate ;
leaves of involucra and involucels short and setaceous ; rays of
umbel very unequal. T(. . H. Native of Caucasus, about Nar-
tzana, and on Mount Bechtau, among grass. Sium peucedanol-
des, Spreng. umb. spec. 41. no. 5. syst. 1. p. 906. Peucedanum
carvifolium, Bieb. Petals pale yellow. The furrows of the
fruit are only furnished with one vitta each, according to Besser ;
but in fruit of the plant sent from Fischer, the furrows are
furnished with 2-3 vittae each, rarely solitary.
Sulphur-rvort-like Earth-nut. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818.
PI. 1 to 2 fe'et.
2 B. VIRE'SCENS(D. C. mem. soc. gen. vol. 4. prod. 4. p. 116.)
root fusiform ; stem striately furrowed, branched ; leaves bi-
pinnate ; leaflets of all the leaves linear; leaves of involucra
and involucels short and setaceous ; rays of umbel very unequal.
y.. H. Native of Burgundy, on a mountain called Afrique, near
290
UMBELLIFER^E. LII. BUNIUM.
Divion. Slum virescens, Spreng. umb. spec. 94. syst. 1. p. 906.
and in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 542. Peucedanum Tauricum, hort.
par. 1821. Lor et Dur. cat. pi. c6te-d'or, p. 37. Peucedanum
alpestre, Stev. in litt. 1819. Bunium peucedanoides, Bieb. ex
Stev. Siilm Cordienii and Siuni vireseens, Lois. fl. gall. ed. 2. p.
1 94. Petals greenish, nearly entire, at the apex involute ; section
of fruit nearly terete. Vittse in the outer furrows of the fruit 3 ;
2 of these are incomplete ; and 2 or 4 in the commissure.
Greenish -flowered Earth-nut. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
3 B. LU'TEUM (Hoffm. umb. p. 108.) root nearly globose;
stem terete, branched ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets decussate, pin-
nntifid : lobes linear, very fine ; leaves of involucra and invo-
lucels very short, with membranous margins ; fruit linear-cylin-
drical, i]. . H. Native of Siberia, in deserts, at the river Don,
near the colony of Sarepta. Bunium luteum, Bieb. suppl. p. 207.
Sium luteum, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 906. There are 3 vittae in each
furrow of the fruit, according to Koch. Petals yellow.
Yellon-Rovfered Earth-nut. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
SECT. II. CAROI'DES (from Carum, the caraway, and idea,
form ; plants with the habit of CSrum,) D. C. coll. mem. 5. p.
41. prod. 4. p. 116. Involucra usually of many leaves, rarely
absent. Flowers white. Stylopodium depressed : styles diverg-
ing. This section is intermediate between the genera Carum and
Conopbdium.
4. B. CARVIFOLIUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 116.) root fusiform,
terete, elongated ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets divided into many
linear acute lobes ; stem flexuous, erect, furnished with a few
leaves ; leaves of involucrum and involucels linear acute. I/ .
H. Native of Abruzzo, and on Mount Fiori among the Appen-
ines ; but not of Sicily, ex Guss. prod. 1. p. 339. Sison flex-
uosum, Ten. prod. fl. neap. p. 67. Sison carvifolium, Bert, in
herb. Moric. Sison prolifer, Brochi and Jan. Petals of a
greenish white colour when dried. The furrows of the fruit,
when immature, are furnished each with 2 or 3 vittae.
Caraway-leaved Earth-nut. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 B. GLAUCE'SCENS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 117.) bulb ovate-ob-
long ; stem erect, straight, terete ; branches alternate ; leaves
glaucous : radical ones bi-tripinnate, with multifid leaflets, and
linear short lobes ; cauline leaves distant, small, multifid ; leaves
of involucra as well as of involucels, C-7 in number, linear-ob-
long, acute, white. I/ . H. Native of Persia, in grassy valleys
among the mountains about Seidkhodzi. Stem 1-j- foot high.
Umbels 10-11-rayed. Flowers white.
Glaucescent Earth-nut. PI. \\ foot.
6 B. PAUCIFOLIUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 117.) bulb globose;
stem erect, straight, terete ; branches alternate ; superior leaves
tripartite, having the lobes linear and entire ; upper leaves un-
divided, linear ; involucrum of 3-4-leaves, and the involucel of
5-C linear white leaves, y.. H. Native of Persia, in grassy
valleys of the mountains about Seidkhodzi. Herb 2 feet high.
Lower leaves unknown. Flowers white. Umbels of 4-5 rays.
Fruit unknown.
Few-leaved Earth-nut. PI. 2 feet.
7 B. APHY'LLUM (Jan. herb, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 117.) root
nearly globose, thick ; stem terete, erect, nearly simple : cauline
leaves striated at the sheaths, reduced to a short limb : both the
involucrum and involucel are composed of 4-5 acuminated
leaves, y.. H. Native of Sicily, on the Nebrodes. Herb
4 to 5 inches high.
Leafless Earth-nut. PI. i foot.
8 B. ALPi'mjM (Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 2. p. 199. t.
182.) root nearly globose, thick; stem terete, flexuous, hardly
longer than the radical leaves ; segments of leaves linear- oblong,
fleshy; involucra of 5 linear-subulate leaves, i;. H. Native
of Croatia, on chalky mountains ; and of Persia, in the province
of Aderbijan. Wallrothia tuberosa. Spreng. pug. 2. p. 52. and
in Schultes, syst. C. p. 556. Flowers white. There are 3 vittae
in each furrow of the fruit.
Far. ft, petrceum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 117.) plant rather glau-
cous ; leaves of involucrum oblong-linear, ij. . H. Native of
the kingdom of Naples, on mountains about Magella. Bunium
petrae'um, Ten. prod. fl. neap. p. 60. Perhaps Wallrothia diva-
ricata, Presl, dd. p. 134. Tuber large, pushing out many fibres
like the tuber of a Cyclamen. Fruit not seen.
Alpine Earth-nut. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1823. PI. ^ foot.
9 B. FERULJEFOLIUM (Desf. ann. mus. 11. p. 275. t. SO. cor.
Tourn. 55. t. 43.) root nearly globose ; stem terete, dichoto-
mous ; leaves all somewhat triternate : leaflets linear ; leaves
of involucrum 1-5, of the involucel 4-5, very short; fruit nar-
row, cylindrical. If. . H. Native of the islands of Cyprus,
Candia, and Scio. Sium ferulaefolium, Spreng. in Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 539. B. ferulaceum, Smith. Tuber about the size
of a filbert, rufous on the outside, and white on the inside.
Flowers white. Fruit not sufficiently known. The involucrum
is very variable in the number of leaves.
Ferula-leaved Earth-nut. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 ft.
10 B. CORYDA'LINUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 117.) root globose;
stem flexuous ; segments of leaves linear-oblong ; involucrum
almost wanting; involucels of few leaves. If. H. Native of
Corsica, on the mountains. B. petrse'um, Lois. fl.,gall. ed. 2.
vol. 1. p. 195. Tuber hardly so large as a pea. Stem 4-5
inches high, sparingly branched. Umbels of 3-5 rays ; and the
umbellules of 8-10 flowers; involucels of 5-6 leaves. Fruit
oblong : having the furrows furnished with 2-3 vittae each.
Coryda/is-like Earth-nut. PI. ^ foot.
11 B. CRE'TICUM (D'Urv. enum. p. 31.) root turnip-formed;
stem dichotomous, nearly naked ; leaflets of radical leaves
ovate and cut : of the cauline ones linear ; involucrum none ;
involucels of few leaves. I/. H. Native of the Island of Cos,
among rocks. Bulbocastanum Creticum, radice napiformi,
Tourn. cor. 21. and therefore Sium napiforme, Spreng. and
Bunium napiforme, Willd. rel. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 539.
Flowers white. Fruit unknown.
Cretan Earth-nut. PI. 1 foot.
SECT. III. CONOPODIUM (from Kovof, konos, a cone, and
iroSof, pous, podos, a foot ; in allusion to the stalk or foot of the
style, called the stylopodium, being conical). D. C. coll. mem.
5. p. 41. prod. 4. p. 117. — Conopodium, sect. 1. Koch, umb.
p. 118. Involucrum wanting, or of few leaves. Stylopodium
conical, exserted. Styles straight.— Perhaps a proper genus.
12 B. DENUDA'TUM (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 525.) root globose ;
cauline leaves nearly sessile, with short sheaths and toothed or
cut leaflets ; involucels unilateral, few-leaved. l/.H. Native
of the west and south of Europe, and Caucasus, in mountain mea-
dows and grassy pastures and among bushes, especially on a
gravelly soil ; plentiful in Britain. Myrrhis capillif dlia, Guss.
prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 351. Myrrhis Bunium, Spreng. umb. spec.
1. p. 131. syst. 1. p. 903. exclusive of numerous synonymes.
Bunium flexuosum, With. 291. Smith, fl. brit. 1301. engl. hot.
988. Bunium bulbocastanum, Hucls. angl. 122. Curt. lond.
fasc. 4. t. 24. Bunium majus, Gouan. ill. p. 10. This species
varies much in height. Styles long, pale, short, and reddish.
Fruit ovate and oblong. Involucrum wanting, or 1-3-leaved.
Segments of the leaves linear and lanceolate, more or less
toothed. Sprengel refers Bunium ammoides, Link, or Myrrhis
ammoides, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 517. to the present
plant; and probably Myrrhis tenerrima, Presl, del. prag. 131. is
also referrible to it. Flowers white. There are probably nu-
merous species confused under this name. The plant has several
names in England, as earth-nut, pig-nul, ar-nut, kipper-nut, hank-
UMBELLIFER^E. LII. BUNIUM. LIII. CRYPTOMSNIA. LIV. PIMPINELLA.
291
nut,jur-nul, or yer'nut, earth chestnut, and ground-nut ; in Germany
it is called erdnuss ; in Holland aardnoot; in Sweden jordnot ; in
France suron, lerre noix ; in Italy castagna de terra ; in Spain cas-
lanode tierra. Root nearly globular, black, or chestnut-coloured on
the outside and white inside ; aromatic, sweet, and mucilaginous,
with some acrimony : they are frequently dug up and eaten by
children. Swine are very fond of them, and will soon become fat
with feeding on them. When boiled they are very pleasant and
delicious, and are supposed to afford great nourishment. Thus
prepared, they are said to be eaten in Holland and the Alps, and
in some parts of England in soup or broth. Roasted they are
even superior to chestnuts.
Var. ft, Pyrence'um (D. C. prod. 4. p. 118.) sheaths of leaves
ciliated. 1£. H. Native of the Pyrenees. Bunium denuda-
tum, var. ft, Pyrenae'um, D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 511. no. 3196.
Myrrhis Pyrenae'a, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 518. Lois.
fl. gall. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 208. t. 5. Bunium Pyrenae'um, Lois,
fl. gall. p. 161. t. 5. Bunium pilosum, Willd. rel. in Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 500.
Naked-stemmed or Common Earth-nut. Fl. May, June.
Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
13 B. PUVMILUM (Smith, fl. grsec. 274. prod. 1. p. 187.) root
globose ; leaves bipinnate : cauline ones petiolate, pilose ; sheaths
short ; segment of leaves cut and acute ; involucrum wanting or
1 -leaved; involucels of many leaves. 'J/ . H. Native of Mount
Parnassus. Fruit ovate-oblong. Flowers white.
Dwarf Earth-nut. PI. i foot.
14 B. TENUIFOLIUM (Salzm. pi. exsic. ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
118.) root unknown: cauline leaves petiolate; sheaths elon-
gated, glabrous ; segments of leaves few, linear, very narrow,
elongated, and quite entire ; involucels of many leaves. 7{..H.
Native of Mauritania, about Tangiers. Perhaps Bunium am-
moides, Link, is referrible to this plant. Flowers white.
Fine-leaved Earth-nut. PI. 1 foot.
15 B. GLABE'RRIMUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 118.) plant glabrous ;
stem terete, striated ; lower leaves biternate : leaflets ovate,
lobed, and toothed ; superior leaves biternate : leaflets lanceolate,
quite entire ; both the involucra and involucels are usually 1-
leaved. If.. H. Native of Mount Atlas, near Tlemsen. Chae-
rophyllum glaberrimum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 322. Poir. diet. 5.
p. 136. Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 523. Scandix glaber-
rimum, Desf. all. 1. p. 260. t. 74. Flowers white. Immature
fruit similar to that of D. denuddtum.
Quite-glabrous Earth-nut. PI. 1 foot.
16 B. ? RIOENS (Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 500.) root
unknown ; stem stiff, sheathed ; branches spreading ; leaves
bipinnate ; leaflets obtuse, conduplicate, crenulated ; involucrum
of many short leaves, fy . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, and of the Mauritius. Conium rigens, Lin. mant. p.
352. Thunb. prod. p. 50. fl. cap. 2. p. 203. Dasyspermum
species, Neck. elem. p. 295. (Trachyspermum rigens, G. Don,
in Loud. hort. brit. 103.). Perhaps 2 species are confused
here. Perhaps it is a true species of Bunium. Flowers white.
Stiff Earth-nut. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1787. Shrub l£ foot.
Cult. A light sandy soil suits all the species best ; and they
can only be increased by seeds.
LIII. CRYPTOTjE'NIA (from *p«7n-oe, cryptos, hidden,
and raivia, tainia, vitta ; the vittae of the mericarps are hidden
by a pericarp, and are invisible, unless the mericarps are cut
transversely). D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 42. prod. 4. p. 118
Conopodium, sect. 2. Koch, umb. 119. Cyrtospermum, Rafin.
in litt. 1819. — Alacospermum, Neck. elem. no. 276.?
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obovate, nearly entire, ending in a narrow inflexed point.
Fruit contracted from the sides, linear-oblong, crowned by a short
stylopodium and 2 short styles ; mericarps with 5, equal, fili-
form, obtuse ribs: the 2 lateral ribs placed before the margin;
vittae in the furrows between the ribs numerous, covered by a
somewhat corky pericarp, but closely adnate, and only visible
when the carpels are cut transversely. Seed teretely convex,
flattish in front. Carpophore free, bifid at the apex. — Perennial,
glabrous, erect herbs. Roots not bulbous. Leaves ternate;
leaflets ovate, coarsely toothed : teeth mucronate. Umbels nu-
merous, almost disposed in a panicle, Rays of umbels and um-
bellules few, very unequal. Involucrum wanting ; involucels
few-leaved. Flowers white.
1 C. CANADE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 119.) lower umbels
rising from the axils of the superior leaves ; fruit oblong. T(. .
H. Native of North America, in woods among rocks ; Canada
about Lake Huron and Quebec; frequent about Boston, in the
United States. Sison Canadense, Lin. spec. 363. Hoffm.
umb. p. 36. Slum Canadense, Lam. diet. 1. p. 407. Big. fl.
bost. ed. 2. p. 114. Chaerophyllum Canadense, Pers. ench. 1.
p. 320. Myrrhis Canadensis, Mor. oxon. sect. 9. t. 1 1. Nutt.
gen. amer. 1. p. 141. Gaertn. fruct. t. 23. Conop6dium Cana-
dense, Koch, umb. 119. Myrrhis ternata, Moench, meth. p.
101. Slson trifoliatum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 168. ? Cyr-
tospermum trifoliatum, Rafin. in litt. Flowers white.
Canadian Cryptotsenia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1699. PI. l|ft.
2 C. THOMA'SII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 119.) umbels disposed in
a naked leafless panicle ; fruit ovate. I/ . H. Native of Ulte-
rior Calabria, near rivulets, in groves on the mountains called
Delia Serra. Slson Thomasii, Ten. prod. neap, suppl. 2. p. 66.
syn. p. 40. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 412. A'pium trifoliatum se-
minibus sparsis pendulis diapensiae folio, Bocc. mus. append. 4.
ex herb. Vaill.
Thomas's Cryptotaenia. PL 1 foot.
Cult. The species of this genus will grow in any soil ; and
may either be increased by cuttings or by seed.
LIV. PIMPINE'LLA (altered from bipinnate, twice pinnate;
the leaves). Lin. gen. no. 366. Koch, umb. p. 120. f. 65. and
66. D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 42. but not of Tourn. Gaertn.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 1J9. — Pimpinella and Tr&gium, Spreng.
Hoffm. Lag.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit ovate,
contracted from the sides, crowned by the pulvinate stylopodium
and reflexed styles, which are capitate at the apex ; mericarps
with 5, equal, filiform ribs : lateral ribs marginating : having
the furrows between the ribs furnished with many vittae ; car-
pophore free, bifid. Seed gibbously convex, flattish in front.
— Herbs, for the most part natives of Europe. Roots simple.
Radical leaves pinnate : leaflets roundish, toothed, rarely undi-
vided ; cauline leaves more finely dissected than the radical ones.
Umbels and umbellules of many rays, without any involucra.
Flowers usually white, rarely reddish or yellow.
SECT. I. TRAGOSELI'NUM (from rpayoc, tragos, a goat, and
c-£\<i'o»', selinon, parsley ; goats' parsley). Tourn. inst. p. 309.
t. 163. Mcench, meth. 99. D. C. prod. 4. p. 119.— Pimpi-
nella, Spreng. umb. prod. p. 35. Schultes, syst. 5. p. 34.
Hoffm. umb. 88. Fruit glabrous. Roots perennial.
1 P. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 242.) radical and
cauline leaves reniform, crenated ; superior ones glabrous, lobed
a little. I/ . or $ . H. Native of Iberia and Caucasus, in
groves. Hoffm. umb. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 92. Slson rotundifolius,
Spreng. anleit. ed. 2. p. 2. t. 4. f. 1-4. umb. spec. p. 110.
Leaves rather pubescent, of a form almost like those of Mdlvii
sylvestris. Involucrum none. Petals white. Stigmas purple,
p p 2
292
UMBELLIFERjE. LIV. PIMPINELLA.
Round-leaved Burnet-saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817.
PI. 2 feet.
2 P. MA'GNA (Lin. mant. 217.) radical leaves pinnate ; leaflets
serrated and somewhat cut, ovate or oblong : the terminal one
3-lobed. If.. H. Native throughout the whole of Europe,
Caucasus, and the Levant, in mountain meadows, pastures, and
woods. In Britain it grows chiefly in woods and hedges, in a
calcareous soil. Smith, engl. hot. t. 408. Fl. dan. 1155.
Hayn. arz. gew. 7. t. 21. Jacq. aust. 4. t. 396. P. major,
Mill. diet. no. 1. Gouan. ill. p. 21. P. saxifraga, Spreng. syn.
213. Tragoselhium majus, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 448. Tragose-
llnum magnum, Mcench, meth. 99. — Barrel, icon. t. 248. P.
saxifraga, Ray. syn. 213. Petiv. brit. t. 26. f. 5. Saxifraga
magna, Dod. pempt. 315. f. 1. This and the following species
partake nearly of the same qualities. The root is very acrid,
burning the mouth like pepper. It affords a blue oil. Its acri-
mony has occasioned it to be used to cure tooth-ache, and to
clear the skin from freckles. It is chewed to promote the se-
cretion of saliva, and is used in gargles to dissolve viscid mucous
in the throat. In Germany it is prescribed in the asthma and
dropsy. Flowers either white or reddish.
Far. ft, rubens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 120.) flowers reddish. P.
rubra, Hoppe. exsic.
Var. y, orientalis (D. C. 1. c.) leaflets all pinnatifid ; lobes
lanceolate, acute; flowers white. P. orientalis, Gouan. ill. t.
15. Jacq. aust. t. 397. Plenck, icon. t. 224. P. media, Hoffm.
ex Spreng.
Var. S, rosea (Stev. in lift, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 120.) leaf-
lets acutely and deeply pinnatifid ; flowers rose-coloured. Na-
tive of Caucasus, at Nartzana. P. dissecta, Bieb. fl. taur. 1 .
p. 241.
Var. e, disaecla (D. C. prod. 4. p. 1 20.) leaflets of the superior
leaves bipinnatifid : having the segments linear-lanceolate. P.
dissecta, Retz. obs. 3. t. 2. P. pratensis, Thuill. P. laciniata,
Thor. land. p. 108. Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. p. 36. Nees. off.
pflz. 10. t. 19. P. peregrina, Lejeune, fl. spa. 1. p. 145.
Flowers white.
Large Burnet-saxifrage. Fl. Ju. Aug. Brit. PI. 3 to 4 ft.
3 P. SAXI'FRAGA (Lin. spec. 378.) radical leaves pinnate ;
leaflets of the radical leaves toothed or cut, roundish : of the
uppermost in various linear segments. If. . H. Native through-
out the whole of Europe, Tauria, Caucasus, and Persia, in dry
sandy, gravelly, or chalky pastures, on banks, and on rocks ;
plentiful in some parts of Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 407.
Hayne, arzn. gew. 7. t. 20. Schkuhr, handb. t. 78. Hoffm.
umb. p. 90. Martyn. fl. rust. t. 127. Woodv. med. bot. t.
179. Jacq. austr. t. 395. Fl. dan. t. 699. Tragoselinum
minus, Lam. fl. fr. Tragoselinum saxifragum, Mcench, meth.
99. P. cnspa, Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 289. Flowers white. A
very variable plant.
Var. ft, riigra (D. C. prod. 4. p. 120.) plant pubescent; leaf-
lets of lower leaves ovate, serrated, somewhat lobed, rather
cordate at the base ; the upp^r leaves bipinnate ; root black.
P. nigra, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1471.— J. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 111. f. 2.
Var. y, hirclna (D. C. 1. c.) plant rather pubescent ; leaflets
of nearly all the leaves pinnatifid or jagged. P. hirclna, Mcench,
hass. no. 255. P. Genevensis, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 604.
Var. S, dissecta; leaflets all bipinnatifid, with narrow seg-
ments.
Common Burnet-saxifrage. Fl. Ju. Aug. Brit. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
4 P. LU'TEA (Desf. atl. 1. p. 255. t. 76.) radical leaves pin-
nate, pubescent ; leaflets cordate, toothed, cut in front ; superior
leaves entire, small, and linear. !(.. H. Native of Mount
Adas. Tragoselinum altissimum Africknum, Tourn. inst. p.
309. P. maxima Africana, Magn. bot. monsp. app. ex herb.
Vaill. Terminal leaflet of radical leaves somewhat 3-lobed.
Stem erect, branched, dichotomous ; branches filiform, twiggy,
almost leafless. Flowers yellow, with an aromatic odour.
Yel/ow-fiowered Burnet-saxifrage. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1823.
PI. 3 to 4 feet.
5 P. AU'REA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 120.) lower leaves pinnate,
glabrous ; leaflets cuneated, 2-3-lobed at the apex : teeth large,
few, mucronate ; cauline leaves trifid or undivided and linear,
few; petals ciliated, hardly emarginate. Tf.. H. Native of
Persia, in gravelly places at Khoi, in the province of Ader-
beidjan. A very distinct species, with yellow flowers, differing
from P. lutea in the plant being glabrous, in the form of the
leaflets, and in the petals being ciliated. Fruit subglobose, di-
dymous, compressed, furnished with many vittae in the furrows.
There is a variety with smaller bipinnate leaves, also a native of
Persia.
GoWen-flowered Burnet-saxifrage. PI. 2 to 3 feet ?
6 P. RAMOSI'SSIMA (D. C. 1. c.) plant glabrous ; lower leaves
bipinnate ; leaflets ovate-rhomboid, rather trifid, acuminated,
quite entire at the base, deeply toothed at the apex, some of
them crossed in a decussate manner ; stem much branched ; the
leaves under the branches reduced to short ligulae ; umbels 5-
rayed ; fruit glabrous, ovate, not contracted at the commissure.
If. . ? H. Native of Persia. Flowers unknown. ^Transverse
section of fruit terete, as in the genus Seseli, but without either
involucrum or involucel, but with the habit of Pimpinella.
Leaves like those of Peucedanum cervdria. Perhaps a proper
genus.
Much-branched Burnet-saxifrage. PI.
7 P. ANISOIDES (Brign. act. acad. neap. 1819. vol. 1. p. 1.
t. 1.) plant glabrous ; radical leaves bipinnate ; leaflets roundish-
ovate, serrated ; umbels numerous ; styles erect ; fruit glabrous.
If.. H. Native of the kingdom of Naples. It differs from P.
bubonoides, ex Guss. prod. 1. p. 331., in the fruit being gla-
brous, in the styles not being divaricate, and in the stigmas not
being globose.
Anise-like Burnet-saxifrage. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
SECT. II. TRA'GIUM (from rpayoj, tragos, a goat ; odour of
plants). Spreng. umb. prod. p. 26. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 35.
Hoffm. umb. gen. p. 91. t. A. f. 22. D. C. prod. 4. p. 120.—
Bubon species, Lag. obs. apar. 26. Fruit villous. Roots peren-
nial, rarely biennial. Radical leaves pinnate or bipinnate ;
leaflets ovate.
8 P. DEPRE'SSA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 120.) stem pubescent;
radical leaves pinnate ; leaflets cuneated, pinnatifid, smoothish,
ciliated : lobes lanceolate, obtuse ; cauline leaves pinnatifid, 1
under each branch ; fruit rather puberulous from small, ad-
pressed bristles. 1£ . H. Native of Candia, on the Sphaciotic
mountains. Tragium depressum, Sieb. cret. exsic. Spreng. in
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 392. Herb 1-2 inches high. Stem terete.
Root woody. Flowers white.
Depressed Burnet-saxifrage. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822.
PI. | to ^ foot.
9 P. NODOSA (D'Urv. enum. or. p. 33.) plant glabrous ; stem
branched, dichotomous ; leaves many-parted, with linear seg-
ments ; umbels numerous ; petals glabrous ; fruit small, ovate,
with a few adpressed hairs. I/ . H. Native of the Island of
Samos, among stones, frequent, and on the old walls of cities. In
the place of the stem where the involucrum ought to be, there
is a thick turbinate knot, probably caused by insects.
Nodose Burnet-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
10 P. TRA'GIVJM (Vill. dauph. 2. p. 606.) stem canescent;
radical leaves pinnate, smoothish ; leaflets cuneate-obovate,
deeply serrated, usually variously cut; cauline leaves very few ;
petals pilose on the outside ; fruit clothed with canescent tomen-
tum. %. H. Native of the south of France, Italy, Sicily,
UMBELLIFERjE. LIV. PIMMNELLA.
293
Podolia, and Tauria, in arid places, and among rocks. D. C. fl.
fr. suppl. p. 501. Bertol. amoen. ital. p. 350. P. canescens,
Lois. not. p. 47. t. 4. Tragium Columnae, Spreng. umb. spec.
134. P. saxifragay, Lois. fl. gall. 177. Flowers white. There
are several varieties, which differ in height and size of leaves,
but there are hardly any limits between these varieties.
Var. ft, glauca (D. C. prod. 4. p. 121.) plant of a canescent
glaucous hue : radical leaves pinnate ; leaflets roundish-ovate,
somewhat 3-lobed, toothed, pubescent on both surfaces, the 3
or 4 superior lobes linear ; petals and fruit clothed with adpressed
villi. Tf.. H. Native of Sicily, on the Nebrodes. Tragium
glaucum, Presl, del. prag. p. 125. Flowers white. Allied to
P. Cumbrce, but the leaflets are all 3-lobed, and the terminal
one deeply so.
Var. y, laciniata (D. C. 1. c.) leaflets of all the leaves dis-
sected into narrow linear segments. 1£. H. Native of Tauria.
P. Tragium var. Bieb. suppl. p. 250. P. petrae a, Beaupre,
ined. Perhaps a proper species. The whole plant is clothed
with canescent pubescence.
Goals' Burnet-saxifrage. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
11 P. FEREGRI'NA (Lin. mant. p. 357.) plant pubescent;
radical leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate-cordate, serrated : terminal
one usually 3-lobed ; cauline leaves narrow, wedge-formed,
jagged; fruit hispid. $ . H. Native from the south of France
to Sicily, Caucasus, and Tauria. Jacq. hort. vind. 2. t. 131.
P. hispida, Lois. not. p. 48. Tragium peregrinum, Spreng.
umb. spec. p. 135. syst. 1. p. 884. exclusive of the synonyme
of Presl. Ledeburia pimpinelloides, Link, enum. 1. p. 286.
Tragium Tauricum, Ledeb. — Barr. icon. 1184. — Column, ecphr.
1. t. 109. Flowers white. The herb varies in smoothness and
hairiness ; in the first state it is P. peregrinum, D. C. fl. fr.
suppl. p. 502. : in the second it is P. hispida, Lois. ex. D. C.
1. c. The first leaves are simple, the second ternate, but the
succeeding ones are pinnate, also the lower stem ones ; but the
upper stem leaves are variously divided into lanceolate segments.
The umbels are drooping before the expansion of the flowers.
The seeds have no smell, and when first chewed have scarcely
any taste, but in a short time are very acrimonious, and excite
a great heat in the fauces.
Var. ft, minor (D. C. prod. 4. p. 121.) plant smaller. Native
of Egypt, about Alexandria. Torilis trilobata, Viv. herb.
Foreign Burnet-saxifrage. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1640. PI. 2 ft.
12 P. BUBONO!DES (Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 463. phyt. t. 35.) plant
puberulous when young, but at length becoming glabrous ; ra-
dical leaves bipinnate ; leaflets roundish-ovate, serrated ; umbels
numerous ; petals glabrous ; fruit rather villous. y. . H. Na-
tive of Portugal, Sicily, and Calabria, in sandy places. Tragium
Broteri, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 393. P. anisoides, Guss.
cat. hort. boccad. p. 50. but not of Brign. Tenore, prod. p.
20. Tragium Gussonii, Presl, del.<prag. 1822. p. 126. Guss.
pi. rar. 117. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 330. Perhaps Athamantha la-
siantha, Willd. herb, ex Schultes, syst. 6. p. 464. Flowers
white.
Bubon-like Bijrnet-saxifrage. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
13 P. VILLOSA (Schousb. mar. p. 125.) plant glaucous, rather
pubescent ; radical leaves bipinnate ; leaflets obovate-cuneated,
crenated ; stem nearly leafless, much branched ; petals villous.
I/ . H. Native of the kingdom of Morocco at Mogodor and
Tangiers. Salzm. exsic. Poir. suppl. 1. p. 684. Tragium,
Schousbce'i, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 394. Tragium vil-
losum, Desf. hort. par. Leaves almost like those of P. bubo-
noides, but larger. This species differs from the preceding in
the petals being villous not glabrous.
Villous Burnet-saxifrage. Fl.Ju. Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 ft.
14 P. CU'MBR*: (Buch. ubers. can. p. 29. and beschreib. d.
can. ins. p. 152.) the whole plant is hoary from short down;
radical leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5-7, ovate, deeply serrated, ter-
minal one usually 3-lobed : stem nearly leafless, branched ;
petals villous. I/ . G. Native of Teneriffe, on the highest
mountains. Tragium incanum, Chois. ined. Said to be allied
to P. villosa, but differs in being more hoary, and in the leaves
being simply pinnate, not doubly pinnate. Root woody, throw-
ing out many stems at the neck.
Cumbre Burnet-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
15 P. psEt/Do-TRAvoiuM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 122.) plant glau-
cous and canescent ; radical leaves pinnate ; leaflets roundish-
ovate, somewhat 3-lobed, deeply toothed, velvety-canescent on
both surfaces : upper ones trifid : lower ones undivided, linear ;
petals rather villous on the outside; fruit very hairy. 1f. H.
Native of Persia, in dry exposed stony places about Seidkhodzi.
This is an intermediate plant between P. tragium and P. aromd-
ticum. The fruit is larger than in either, and the hairs on the
plant are soft and spreading, not as in P. tragium, adpressed.
Petals rather villous on the outside, not as in P. aromatic very
hairy.
False Tragium. PI. 2 feet.
16 P. ? FLA'VA (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 122.) the whole plant
is canescent from minute down ; radical leaves supra-decom-
pound ; leaflets cut : lobes lanceolate, mucronately acuminated ;
sheaths of upper cauline leaves leafless ; petals yellow, canes-
cent on the back, as well as on the germs. 2(.. H. Native of
Caucasus, in dry stony places on the mountains of Talusch, near
Swant, at the elevation of about 3000 feet.
Yellom-fiov/ered Burnet-saxifrage. PI. 1 to 2 feet?
17 P. AROMA'TICA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 241. suppl. 251.) plant
clothed with hoary pubescence ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets of the
lower leaves all cuneiform, deeply serrated at the apex, lined ;
petals and fruit tomentose. $ . H. Native of Iberia and Eastern
Caucasus, on the edges of woods, and the sides of torrents.
Tragium aromaticum, Spreng. umb. prod. p. 26. syst. 1. p. 884.
exclusive of the synonymes. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 392. Hoff'm.
umb. ed. 2. p. 91. Flowers white.
Aromatic Burnet-saxifrage. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 ft.
18 P. DIVERSIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 122.) leaves ternate or
biternate : leaflets petiolulate, cordate, coarsely toothed, mem-
branous, glabrous above, but puberulous along the nerves be-
neath ; involucrum wanting ; involucels 3-leaved ; rays of um-
bels and umbellules 15-20 in number, and are as well as the
fruit pubescent. I/. $ . H. Native of the East Indies, in
Sirmore. Heracleum diversifolium, Wall. mss. Leaves as if
they were pinnate, from the 2 lateral leaflets being undivided,
and the middle one ternate. Teeth of lower leaves rounded
and mucronate ; of the superior leaves acute. The immature
fruit has only been seen.
Diverse-leaved Burnet-saxifrage. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
19 P. LESCHENAU'LTH (B.C. 1. c.) radical leaves petiolate,
orbicular, cordate, toothed, rather coriaceous, many-nerved at
the base, glabrous above, velvety from short down beneath :
cauline leaves few, parted, almost reduced to the sheaths ; stem
a little branched, glabrous. If.. H. Native of the East Indies,
on the Nellygerry Mountains, where it is called by the natives
Tourassou. Petals hardly emarginate. Young fruit rather pu-
berulous, when examined under a lens, but at length becoming
glabrous. Plant 1-2 feet high. Rays of umbel 5, of the um-
bellules 12-15. Flowers white.
Leschenault's Burnet-saxifrage. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
20 P.? JAVA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 122.) cauline leaves pe-
tiolate, cordate, acute, cartilaginously serrated, many-nerved at
the base, velvety beneath as well as the petioles, but pubescent
above ; sheaths ciliated ; involucrum wanting, or of 1 linear
leaf; fruit hairy. 14.. H. Native of Java. Herb said to be
294
UMBELLIFER^E. LIV. PIMPINELLA. LV. SIUM.
2 feet high. Stem terete, velvety at the apex. Umbels of many
rays. Fruit ovate, hairy. Styles diverging.
Java Burnet-saxifrage. PI. 2 feet.
SECT. III. Am' SUM (the herb anise ; containing plants agree-
ing with it). Adans. fam. 2. p. 95. Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 102.
— Bubon species of Lag. Fruit puberulous. Annual plants.
21 P. ANISUM (Lin. spec. 399.) stem glabrous ; radical leaves
cordate-roundish, lobed, deeply serrated : middle ones pinnatifid,
with cuneate-lanceolate lobes : upper ones trifid and undivided,
linear; fruit bearing a few scattered hairs. (•)• H. Native of
the Island of Scio, Egypt, and cultivated in Europe. Nees,
off. pflz. 12. t. 17. Hayn. arz. gew. 7. t. 22. Woodv. med.
bot. t. 180. Anisum vulgare, Clus. hist. 2. p. 202. Gsertn.
fruct. 1. t. 23. f. 1. Anisum officin&le, Mcench, meth. p. 100.
Sison anisum, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 407. A'pium
anisum, Trag. — Blackw. herb. t. 374. — Lob. icon. 731. Flowers
of a yellowish white colour. Fruit pubescent when young.
Styles short, straight. The anise is cultivated in Malta and
Spain for its seeds, which are annually imported as medicinal, and
for distillation and expression. In this country it is occasionally
grown in the garden, to be used as a garnish, and for a season-
ing like the fennel. For this last purpose, the seeds require to
be sown in April, in a warm border, in a dry light soil, or raised
in pots on heat, and removed to a warm site in May, where
the plants will blossom and ripen their seeds in August, in
favourable seasons. The plants should be thinned to 3 or 4
inches' distance.
Anise. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1551. PI. 1 to 1-| foot.
22 P. CRE'TICA (Poir. suppl. 1. p. 684.) plant dwarf; radical
leaves roundish, 3-lobed, toothed ; superior leaves small, ter-
nately multificl ; segments rather filiform ; fruit puberulous. O- H.
Native of Candia, Scio, and the Morea. A'pium Creticum mini-
mum anisi facie, Tourn. herb. P. tenuis, Sieb. pi. exsic. Stems
filiform, 4-5 inches high. Umbels spreading ; with capillary
rays ; umbellules small. Fruit shorter than the styles, not gla-
brous, but puberulous, as in P. anuum, of which it is probably
only a small variety. Flowers whitish.
Cretan Anise. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. | foot.
23 P. DICHOTOMA (Lin. mant. 58.) plant glabrous, dichoto-
mously branched, erect ; leaves biternate or triternate ; leaf-
lets linear ; petioles winged, membranous ; peduncles opposite
the leaves; fruit muricated from short hairs. Q. H. Native
of Spain, on hills about Aranjuez. Habit of Trinia, but differs
from that genus in the flowers not being dioecious. Petals all
emarginate at the apex, from the point being incurved. Fruit
nearly globose, striated. Styles reflexed. Flowers white.
Dichotomous Anise.
PI. li foot.
•f Species not sufficiently known.
24 P. TENUIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 123.) plant glabrous ;
leaves decompound, glaucous, linear, somewhat divaricate ; um-
bel terminal, compound. — Native of Persia. Tiagium tenui-
f olium, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 393. Flowers white.
Fine-leaved Burnet-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
25 P. ERIOCA'RPA (Russel, beschr. alep. ex Schultes, syst. 6.
p. 394.) radical leaves pinnate : leaflets cuneiform, cut, gla-
brous : superior ones filiform ; fruit hispid. — Native about
Aleppo. Tragium eriocarpos, Schultes, 1. c. Pimpinella tenuis,
Sieb. Crete, exsic. ex Schultes, 1. c. Tragium tenue, Link,
enum. 1. p. 286. The same as P. tenuif61ia, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 284. Flowers white.
Hairy-fruited Burnet-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
26 P. ALPI'NA (Host, fl. austr. 1. p. 399.) radical leaves pin-
nate, glabrous ; leaflets of lower leaves ovate, cut : of the inter-
mediate ones, pinnatifid, and of the upper ones linear-subulate,
entire. 3/.H. Native of the Alps of Styria and Austria, in
stony places. The petals are said to be yellowish-white. Fruit
striated, probably glabrous, or villous. This is perhaps only a
variety of P. mdgna.
Alpine Burnet-saxifrage. Fl. Ju. Jul. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
27 P. RUPE'STRIS (Bory, ann. gen. sc. ph. 3. 1820. p. 12.)
radical leaves on long petioles, pinnate ; leaflets deeply crenated,
acute ; stems rather dichotomous. If. . H. Native of Spain,
among stones, on Sierra Nevada. Plant glaucous, stiff, slender.
Perhaps only a variety of P. saxifraga.
Rock Burnet-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
28 P.? CAPE'NSIS (Thunb. prod. p. 51. fl. cap. 2. p. 207.)
stem terete, striated, glabrous ; leaves ternately decompound ;
leaflets lanceolate, acute, deeply pinnatifid ; involucrum com-
posed of many short leaves. — Native of the Cape of Good Hope,
on the Table Mountain. Sison Capensis, Schultes, syst. 6. p.
411. Flowers white. Fruit ovate, obtuse, striated: with the
ribs obtuse.
Cape Burnet-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot ?
Cult. All the species are of easy culture. — A dry sandy
soil suits them best ; and they are only to be increased by seeds,
which ripen in abundance. Those species marked perennial are
little better than biennial in the gardens. .
LV. SI'UM (from siu, water in Celtic ; habitation of most of
the species). Koch, umb. 117. D. C. prod. 4. p. 124. — Slum
species of Lin. Spreng. and others. — Sisilrum, Adans. fam. 2.
p. 97.
LIN. SYST. PentAndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed,
now and then obsolete. Petals obovate, emarginate, with an in-
flexed point. Stylopodium pulvinate, depressed at the margin.
Styles divergingly reflexed, rather capitate at the apex. Fruit
compressed from the sides or contracted, and rather didymous,
crowned by the stylopodium and styles ; mericarps having 5 equal
filiform bluntish ribs : with the furrows between the ribs, as also
the commissure, furnished with many vittae ; carpophore bi-
partite ; the stalks adnate to the mericarps. Seed nearly terete.
— Mostly aquatic herbs. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate-oblong,
toothed or many parted. Umbels terminal, many parted : sur-
rounded by many leaved involucra, which are very rarely com-
posed of one leaf. Umbellules many flowered, surrounded by
many leaved involucels. Flowers white.
SECT. I. SISA'RUM (altered from the Arabic name of the plant
dgizer ; this word signifies a carrot in Persian, and Sisarum has
small bundles of roots resembling carrots). D. C. prod. 4. p.
124. — Sium, Koch, deutschl. fl. Lateral ribs of fruit marginat-
ing, having 3-4 superficial vittse in each furrow between the
ribs. Seed terete, convex on the back, and flattish in front.
1 S. SISA'RUM (Lin. spec. p. 361.) root composed of fascicles
of fusiform tubers ; stem terete ; leaves pinnate, but the upper-
most ones are ternate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrated ;
involucra of 5 reflexed leaves ; calycine teeth almost obsolete.
I/ . H. Native of China, Japan, Corea, Altaia, Mongol, and
Cochin-china, but only cultivated in Europe. Schkuhr, handb.
t. 69. — Lob. icon. t. 710. f. 1. Col. phyt. 89. with a figure. —
Park. par. t. 507. f. 1. The commissure of the fruit, accord-
ing to Koch, is furnished with 4 vittae. Slum brevifolium and
S. Podolicum are probably hardly varieties of this species.
Flowers white. The tubers of the root are about the size of the
finger, joined together at the crown or head ; they were formerly
much esteemed in cookery. The Skirret is called Chervis in
French, Zuckerwurzel in German, and Sisaro in Italian ; it is
also cultivated in the north of Scotland, under the name of
crummock. The tubers are boiled, and served up with butter,
UMBELLIFER,E. LV. SIUM.
295
and are declared by Worlidge, in 1682, to be "the sweetest,
whitest, and most pleasant of roots." This plant grows freely in
lightish soil, moderately good It is propagated both from seed
and by offsets of established roots. The better method is to
raise seedlings to have the root in perfection, young, and
tender.
By seeds. — " Sow between the 21st of March and the 15th of
April ; a fortnight later, rather than earlier, for a full crop, as
plants raised forward in spring are apt to start for seed in sum-
mer. Sow on an open compartment of light ground, in small
drills 8 inches apart. When the plants are 1 or 2 inches high,
thin them to 5 or 6 inches asunder. They will enlarge in growth
to the end of autumn ; but before the roots are full grown, in
August, September, or October, some may be taken up for con-
sumption, as wanted ; those left to reach maturity will continue
good for use throughout winter and in spring, till the stems run.
By slips. — " Having some plants of last year's raising, fur-
nished with root offsets, slip them off; taking only the young
outward slips, and not leaving any of the large older roots ad-
hering to the detached offsets ; which plant by dibble, in rows
from 6 to 9 inches asunder. They will soon strike and enlarge,
and divide into offsets ; which, as well as the main roots, are
eatable, and come in for use in proper season.
To save seed. — " Leave some old plants in the spring : they
will shoot in stalks, and ripen seed in autumn."
Var. j8, Ninsi ; stem bulbiferous ; leaflets broader, rather cor-
date. Sium Ninsi, Burm. ind. t. 29. Thunb. jap. 118.
Skirret. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1548. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 S. SISAROIDEUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 124.) root unknown ;
stem furrowed ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate, rather cordate at
• the base, toothed : upper leaves ternate, having the leaflets ob-
long, acuminated, and serrated ; involucrum of 4-5 reflexed
leaves: calycine teeth almost wanting. •y.-H. Native of Per-
sia, in the province of Aderbeidjan, about Badelan, in shady
sandy places, where it was collected by Szowits. The root is
said to be creeping, but according to the specimens examined,
they appear to be fasciculate like those of the common skirret.
The whole plant is like S. Sisarum, and especially variety /3,
but differs in the stem being furrowed, in the leaves being
broader, in the fruit being shorter, and in the fibres of the roots
being cylindrical.
Skirret-like Water-parsnip. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
3 S. LANCIFOLIUM (Bieb. suppl. p. 230.) root creeping ; leaves
pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, equally and sharply serrated ; invo-
lucrum of many leaves ; calycine teeth very short. I/ . H.
Native of Tauria and "Caucasus, in marshes and humid places ;
and of Altaia, at the' river Irtysh. S. latifolium, Bieb. fl. taur.
1. p. 225. exclusive of the synonymes. S. latifolium Ukrani-
cum, Fisch. cat. hort. gor. 1812.* Berula lancifdlium, Bess,
enum. pi. volh. p. 44. Very nearly allied to S. latifolium.
The commissure of the fruit, according to Koch, is furnished
with 4-6 vittse.
Var. ft; leaflets narrower, linear-lanceolate. 1£.H. Gmel.
sib. 1. p. 201. no. 14. t. 47.
Lance-leaved Water-parsnip. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
4 S. LATIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. p. 361.) root creeping; stems
angularly furrowed ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, acumi-
nated, unequal at the base, serrated, rarely pinnatifid ; involu-
crum of many leaves ; calycine teeth elongated. "%.. H. Native
throughout the whole of Europe and North America, in ditches
and marshes. In Britain in rivers, ditches, and fens. Jacq.
fl. austr. t. 66. Smith, engl. hot. t. 204. Oed. fl. dan. t.
246. Hayn. arz. gew. 1. t. 38. good. Coriandrum Iatif61ium,
Crantz. austr. p. 219. Drepanophyllum palustre, Hoffm. umb.
110. The leaflets of the submersed leaves are in the same plant
often multifidly jagged. The commissure of the fruit, according
to Koch, is furnished with 6 vittse. Stem with whorles of fibres
under water. The plant is of an acrid poisonous quality, par-
ticularly the roots.
Broad-leaved Water-parsnip. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI.
3 to 6 feet.
5 S. LONGIFOHUM (Presl, fl. cech. p. 65. but not of Pursh,)
root unknown ; stem striated ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets linear-
lanceolate, elongated, unequally toothed, very acute ; involu-
crum usually one-leaved. 3/.H. Native of Bohemia, in marshes
and ditches.
Long-leaved Water-parsnip. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
6 S. LINEA'RE (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 167.) stem angu-
larly furrowed ; leaves pinnate; with 4-5 pairs of linear-lanceo-
late leaflets, which are acutely and finely serrated ; involucrum
of a few linear leaves. ]/ . H. Native of North America, from
Canada to Carolina ; on the mountains and at the Saskatchawan,
in marshes ; watery places about Lake Huron ; moist and over-
flowed grounds of the Columbia. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 186.
exclusive of the synonyme of Pursh ex Torrey, fl. un. st. 1. p.
311. The young submersed leaves are deeply multifid or tri-
pinnate, with very narrow linear subulate segments.
Zinear-leaved Water-parsnip. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810.
PI. 1 foot.
7 S. DOUGLA'SII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 125.) stem terete; leaves
pinnate ; lower leaflets ternate, the rest petiolulate, ovate-oblong,
coarsely serrated ; umbels opposite the leaves, and terminal,
pedunculate, without an involucrum, of many rays. If. . H. Na-
tive of the north-west coast of America. Stems and petioles
reddish. Lower leaves 1J foot long. Flowers white. Calyx
5-toothed.
Douglas's Water-parsnip. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
SECT. H. BE'RULA (probably from finpos, beros, a cloak or
garment). Koch, deutschl. fl. 2. p. 455. D. C. prod. 4. p.
125. Lateral ridges of the fruit placed a little before the mar-
gins of the mericarps. Transverse section of seed perfectly
terete.
8 S. ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. 1672.) root fibrous, having
stolons running from the neck ; stem hardly striated ; leaves
pinnate ; leaflets ovate, unequally lobed and serrated ; umbels
pedunculate, opposite the leaves, and terminal ; involucrum of
many, rather pinnatifid leaves. I/. B. H. Native throughout
the whole of Europe, even to Caucasus and Persia, in ditches
and rivulets; plentiful in some parts of Britain. Jacq. fl. austr.
t. 67. Hayne, arz. gew. 1. t. 39. Smith, engl. bot. t. 139.
Hook. fl. lond. fasc. 2. t. 111. S. nodiflorum, Fl. dan. 247. S.
erectum, Huds. ed. 1. p. 103. S. Berula, Gouan. fl. monsp. p.
218. A'pium Sium, Crantz, p. 215. Berula angustifolia, Koch,
deutschl. fl. 2. p. 455. Root creeping extensively. Stem with
whorles of fibres under water.
Narrow-leaved Water-parsnip. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
9 S. THUNBE'RGII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 125.) root fibrous,
throwing out stolons from the neck ; stem erect, striated ;
branches angular ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate, acute, regu-
larly and callously serrated ; umbels pedunculate, opposite the
leaves, and terminal ; involucrum of 3-5 linear acute undivided
leaves. 7{. B. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in
marshes near Seekhuwallei. Sium angustifolium, Thunb. prod.
p. 51. Leaflets approximate and regularly disposed. Plant
erect.
Thunberg's Water-parsnip. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
f Species not sufficiently known, and are therefore doubtful
whether they belong to the genus.
296
UMBELLIFER^E. LV. SIUM. LVI. BUPLEURUM.
10 S. ? HI'SPIDUM (Thunb. prod. p. 51. fl. cap. 2. p. 210.)
stem branched, striated, glabrous, rather hispid at the nodi ;
leaves tripinnate, hispid beneath, as well as on the petioles ;
leaflets short, divided into multifid lobes ; umbels opposite the
leaves ; involucrum of 5 leaves. If. . F. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Anthriscus Capensis, Spreng. in Schultes, syst.
6. p. 526. Slum hispidum, Spreng. umb. spec. 96. Root fusi-
form. Fruit unknown.
Hispid Water-parsnip. PL ?
11 S.? A'SPERUM (Thunb. prod. p. 51. fl. cap. 2. p. 210.)
stem striated, glabrous, erect ; leaves somewhat tripinnate, gla-
brous ; leaflets multifid, lanceolate ; petioles and peduncles sca-
brous ; umbels terminal ; involucrum of 6 leaves. — Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Spreng. umb. spec. 96. Fruit un-
known.
Rough Water-parsnip. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
12 S. VILLOSUM (Thunb. I.e.) stem erect; branches divari-
cate, striated ; leaves tripinnate ; leaflets ovate, deeply serrated,
and are, as well as the petioles, ciliated with villi ; umbels ter-
minal ; leaves of involucrum 6, ovate, with scarious margins. —
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Spreng. umb. spec. 97.
Villous Water-parsnip. PL
13 S.? FILIFOUUM (Thunb. prod. p. 50. fl. cap. 2. p. 207.)
stem erect, flexuous, terete ; radical leaves simple, linear-fili-
form, elongated ; umbels terminal ; involucrum of 8 leaves,
which are about equal in length to the umbel. — Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Spreng. umb. spec. 99. exclusive of the
synonymes. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 544. exclusive of the syno-
nymes.
Thread-leaved Water-parsnip. PL 2 feet.
14 S. GRANDIFLORUM (Thunb. prod. p. 50. fl. cap. 2. p. 208.)
stem erect, striated, branched a little ; leaves glabrous, bipin-
nate ; leaflets roundish, deeply toothed ; umbels terminal ; leaves
of involucrum 8, ovate, acuminated. 1£. G. NatiYe of the
Cape of Good Hope. Spreng. umb. spec. 99. Fruit said to be
obovate, and striated.
Great-flowered Water-parsnip. PL 2 feet ?
15 S.? PA'TULUM (Thunb. 1. c.) stem striated, glabrous;
branches divaricate ; leaves bipinnate, somewhat fasciculate ;
leaflets linear, trifid ; umbels terminal ; involucrum of 6 lanceo-
late leaves, with scarious margins. — Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Spreng. umb. spec. 89. Fruit unknown.
Spreading Water-parsnip. PL spreading.
16 S. PANICULA'TUM (Thunb. 1. c.) stem terete, striated, gla-
brous, panicled ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets deeply pinnatifid,
linear, channelled ; umbels terminal ; involucrum of 6 lanceo-
late leaves, with scarious margins. — Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Spreng. umb. spec. 98. Fruit unknown.
Panicled Water-parsnip. PL?
17 S. JAPO'NICUM (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 118.) stem erect, flexu-
ous, branched above ; leaves pinnate, glabrous ; leaflets un-
equal, oblong-obovate, deeply toothed at the top : upper ones
lanceolate, quite entire ; umbels terminal. — Native of Japan.
Stem terete. Superior leaves ternate. Umbels of many rays.
Japan Water- parsnip. PL 1 to 2 feet?
18 S. ? DECU'MBENS (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 118.) stems decum-
bent; leaves bipinnate, on long petioles, glabrous; leaflets trifid;
umbels terminal, nearly simple. 7£. H. Native of Japan.
Perhaps S. Grae'cum, Lour. coch. p. 179. is referrible to this
species.
Decumbent Water-parsnip. PL decumbent.
19 S.? OPPOSITIFOLIUM (Kit. in Schultes, fl. austr. 2. p. 495.
syst. 6. p. 506.) leaves numerous, opposite, doubly pinnate;
leaflets linear, acuminated, quite entire. — Native of Hungary, on
the mountains.
Opposite-leaved Water-parsnip. PL ?
Cult. All the species of this genus do best in a moist soil,
and most of them altogether in water. They are increased by
separating the roots and stolons.
LVI. BUPLEU'RUM (from /3ov£, bous, an ox, and
pleuron, a side ; so called from a supposed bad quality in swell-
ing kine that feed on some species of the genus). Tourn. inst.
309. t. 163. Lin. gen. no. 328. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 100. Koch,
umb. 114. f. 51, 52. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 880. D. C. prod. 4. p.
127. — Bupleurum, Tenoria, Buprestis, and Odontites, Spreng.
prod. — Bupleurum and Trachypleurum, Reichb. consp. 1. p.
143. Bupleurum, Diaphyllum, Isophyllum, and Odontites,
Hoffm. umb.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals roundish, entire, strictly involute, with a broad retuse
point. Fruit compressed from the sides or somewhat didymous,
crowned by the depressed stylopodium ; mericarps with 5 fili-
form acute winged ribs, or with obsolete ones ; lateral ribs mar-
ginating ; furrows between the ribs either furnished with vittae or
without them, smooth or granular. Seed teretely convex, flat-
tish in front. — Quite glabrous herbs or shrubs. Leaves rarely
cut, but mostly quite entire in consequence of the limbs, which
are supposed to be absent, and the petioles being dilated, and
changed into quite entire phyllodia, as in many species of Acacia.
Umbels compound. Involucrum variable. Flowers yellow —
A very natural genus, with a distinct habit from all other umbel-
liferous genera, but the fruit is variable in character.
* Annual plants,
. 1 B. PAPILLOSUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 127.) stem erect, branch-
ed ; leaves linear, acute, stiffish ; umbels terminal, of 3-4 rays ; .
involucrum of 3-4 unequal leaves ; umbellules 10-flowered ; in-
volucels of 5 reflexed leaves, longer than the fruit ; fruit coarsely
papillose all over. O- H. Native of the Levant. Allied to
B. glaucum and B. tenuissimum, but the branches of the umbel
are perfect; and the fruit is beset with large, obtuse, white
papillae.
Papillose-fruited Hare's-ear. PL A to 1 foot.
2 B. TENUISSIMUM (Lin. spec. p. 343.) stem erect, branched ;
leaves linear, tapering to each end, rather glaucous ; umbels
simple, alternate, of about 3-5 flowers, surrounded by 5 awl-
shaped braeteas ; fruit roundish-ovate, with 5 ribs, and between
the ribs beset with fine granulations. O- H. Native of middle
and south Europe, even to Caucasus, in sterile grassy places,
particularly by the sea-side. In England in muddy salt marshes ;
on the shore near Worthing ; at Lynn, Wisbeach, Cley, Hoik-
ham, &c. in salt water ditches or muddy places over-flowed by
the tide. Fl. dan. t. 1090. Smith, engl. bot. t. 478. Reichb.
icon. 2. p. 58. t. 167. B. minimum, Ray, syn. p. 221. Odon-
tites tenuissima, Spreng. prod. 33. Agostana tenuissima, Bute,
vol. 8. p. 299. B. junceun), Poll. B. Pollichii, Gmel. fl. bad.
1. p. 613. B. junceum var. y,. Schultes, syst. 6. p. Sli.—
Barrel, icon. t. 1168.
Var. ft, nanum (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 350.) stem very humble,
and very much branched, diffuse. Q. H. Native of Normandy
and Picardy, by the sea-side. B. tenuissimum, Bouch. fl. abb. p.
20. Habit almost of B. glaucum, but the leaves of the invo-
lucels are quite entire, and the fruit is furnished with 10 ribs.
Very-slender Hare's-ear. Fl. Aug. Sept. Britain. PL £
to 1 foot.
3 B. PROCU'MBENS (Desf. fl. all. 1. p. 230. t. 56.) stems pro-
cumbent, paniculately branched ; lower leaves narrow-lanceo-
late, the rest linear-subulate ; involucrum of 2 leaves ; involu-
cels of .5, nearly ovate, acute, very short leaves ; fruit short and
muricated by tubercles. ©• H. Native about Tunis. Odon-
tites procumbens, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 383. Habit
UMBELLIFEIUE. LVI. BUPLEURUM.
297
almost of B. tenwssimum, but the stems are procumbent, and the
umbels are 2-5-rayed.
Procumbent Hare's-ear. PI. procumbent.
4 B. GLAU'CUM (Rob. et Cast, in D. C. suppl. fl. fr. p. 515.)
stem branched, diffuse ; leaves linear ; umbels terminal, usually
of 3 rays : lateral rays incomplete ; involucels of 5 lanceolate
cuspidate denticulated leaves, exceeding the flowers and fruit ;
fruit without vittae, and almost without ribs, echinated with tu-
bercles. ©. H. Native of Provence, Nice, Corsica, Narbonne,
Spain, and Sicily, on the sea shore ; and of Caucasus, on dry
hills near Baku and Sallian. Rchb. icon. 2. p. 60. t. 1 78.
Odontites glauca, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 383. The
whole plant is very humble and glaucous.
Glaucous Hare's-ear. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. ^ foot.
5 B. SEMICOMPO'SITUM (Lin. spec. p. 342.) stem erect, branch-
ed ; leaves oblong-spatulate ; umbels terminal, of 3-5 rays:
lateral rays incomplete ; leaves of involucels lanceolate, cuspi-
date, quite entire, 3-nerved, exceeding both the flowers and
fruit ; fruit without vittae, and the ribs are obliterated, and the
furrows are granular. ©. H. Native of the south of France,
Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Dalmatia, Istria, Algiers, Greece, &c. in
cultivated fields. Gouan. ill. t. 7. f. 1. Smith, fl. graec. t. 2C1.
Rchb. icon. 2. p. 77. t. 183. B. divaricatum ft, Lam. fl. fr.
Odontites luteola, Hoffm. umb. 209. t. 1. B. f. x. but not of
Spreng.
Semi-compound-v(mbe]]ed Hare's-ear. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.
1778. PI. | to | foot.
6 B. GRA'CILE (D. C. prod. 4. p. 128.) stem erect, much
branched ; leaves linear, acute ; umbels terminal : lateral ones
somewhat 3-rayed ; leaves of involucel lanceolate, shorter than the
fruit-bearing umbel ; fruit granular, having the ribs obliterated.
0. H. Native of the south of Tauria, in gravelly saltish places ;
and of the plains of Caucasus, adjoining the river Terek. Odon-
tites gracilis, Bieb. suppl. p. 198. Allied to B. decompositum,
but differs in the involucels being shorter than the umbellules,
not longer than them.
Weak Hare's-ear. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. £ to £ foot.
7 B. CHINE'NSE (D. C. prod. 4. p. 128.) stem with erect
branches ; leaves broadly linear, 5-nerved ; umbels of 5-6 rays ;
involucra and involucels of 1-2 linear leaves, shorter than the
flowers; fruit with 5 acutish ribs, having the furrows smooth.
Q. H. Native of China. Habit of B. tenue, but differs in the
involucels being narrower and fewer, and in the pedicels being
hardly equal in length to the flowers.
China Hare's-ear.. PI. 1-jfoot.
8 B. TE'NUE (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 182.) stem erect, fili-
form, branched ; leaves 7-nerved ; lower ones linear-mucronate,
5-nerved : upper and rameal ones lanceolate ; umbels of usually
4 rays ; involucels of 4-5 elliptic mucronate leaves, which are
about equal in length to the fruit ; fruit acutely ribbed, with the
furrows smooth. Q. H. Native of Nipaul, at Narainhetty,
Kamaon, and Gosaingsthan. B. virgatum, Wall. cat. 555. Very
like B. tenuissimum, but differs in the umbels being of 4 rays,
instead of 6, and in the leaves of the involucels being elliptic, not
lanceolate, &c. Umbels numerous.
Var. ft,flexuosum (Wall, mss.) stem much branched, flexuous ;
leaves having 7-9 nerves, and dotted between the nerves. 0.
H. Native of Nipaul.
Slender Hare's-ear. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
9 B. GERA'RDI (Jacq. austr. 3, t. 256.) stem erect, branched ;
leaves linear, cuspidate ; umbels terminal, of 5-7 rays ; leaves of
involucel linear, cuspidate, exceeding the flowers, which are 5
or 6 in each umbellule ; ribs of fruit hardly elevated, and the
furrows between the ribs are furnished with 3 vittae. 0. H.
Native of Provence, Nice, Sicily, Austria, Tauria, Caucasus, &c.
in dry fields. Rchb. icon. 2. p. 56. t. 164. and t. 165. B.
VOL. III.
junceum var. Lam. Spreng. B. filicaule, Brot. ex Steud. Iso-
phy'llum Gerardi, Hoffm. Buprestis Gerardi, Spreng. — Ger.
Galloprov. t. 6. There are varieties of this plant with either
erect or spreading branches, and with the involucels either
shorter or longer than the flowers.
Gerard's Hare's-ear. Fl. July, Aug. Cl . 1804. PI. 1 to
3 feet.
10 B. JU'NCEUM (Lin. spec. p. 343.) stem erect, panicled ;
leaves linear-lanceolate, cuspidate ; umbels terminal, of 3 rays ;
leaves of involucel linear- lanceolate, cuspidate, shorter than the
flowers, which are 3-5 in each umbel ; ribs of fruit elevated,
acute : having the furrows smooth, and almost without vittae.
©. H. Native of south and middle Europe, even to Caucasus,
in fields. Rchb. icon. 2. p. 57. t. 166. B. junceum ft, Lam.
diet. 1. p. 519. B. Gerardi, Smith, fl. graec. t. 262. B. junceum
a, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 37-1.— Lob. icon. t. 243. f. 1.
Var. ft, Rissoni (D. C. prod. 4. p. 128.) fruit-bearing pe-
duncles short, axillary, hardly attaining one-half the length of
the leaves.
Rushy Hare's-ear. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1772. PI. 3 to 4 ft.
11 B. GLUMA'CEUM (Smith, prod. fl. graec. 1. p. 177. but not
of Spreng.) stem erect, very slender, panicled ; leaves linear, 3-
nerved ; involucra and involucels of 5 lanceolate cuspidate 3-
nerved leaves, which are pellucid between the nerves and veins,
exceeding the umbels ; furrows of fruit smooth, furnished each
with one vitta, and the ribs are acute and very slender. ©. H.
Native of Calabria, in barren fields ; island of Scio ; about Con-
stantinople, Cephalonia, Candia, and Cyprus. Rchb. icon. 2. p.
71. t. 179. B. flavum, Forsk. eg. ar. suppl. p. 205. ? B. gracile
d'Urvill. enum. 30. p. 250. but not of Bieb. Nearly allied to
B. odontltes, but perfectly distinct, in the leaves of the involucel
being diaphanous between the nerves, not reticulated.
Glumaceous Hare's-ear. PI. 1 foot.
12 B. ODONTI'TES (Lin. spec. p. 342. exclusive of the syn. of
Haller.) stem erect, panicled ; leaves linear, 3-nerved ; leaves
of involucel 5, linear-lanceolate, cuspidate, 3-nerved, reticulately
veined from the middle nerve being pinnate ; fruit having the far-
rows smooth, and furnished with one vitta each, and the ribs acute
and very slender. ©. H. Native of Italy, Sicily, Greece, Smyrna,
Montpelier, and Mauritania. Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 91. Rchb.
icon. 2. t. 68. t. 177. B. Fontanesii, Guss. ind. sem. hort. bocc.
1825. ex ind. sem. 1826. pi. rar. 112. and prod. 1. p. 312.
Odontites Hare's-ear. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1749. PI. 1 foot.
13 B. ARISTA'TUM (Barth. in Rchb. icon. 2. p. 70. t. 178.)
stem erect, panicled ; leaves lanceolate, linear, 3-nerved ; leaves
of involucel 5, elliptic, aristately cuspidate, reticulately veined,
from the middle nerve being pinnate, exceeding the umbellules ;
fruit with smooth furrows, furnished with one vitta each, and
acute very slender ribs. ©. H. Native of England, France, Ba-
learic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Liguria, Dalmatia, &c. in
dry fields and on hills. In England on a marble rock in Devon-
shire, unquestionably wild. B. divaricatum, Lam. fl fr. 3. p.
410. B. glumaceum, Spreng. umb. spec. 18. t. 3. f. 5. but not
of Sibth. B. Odontites, Smith, engl. bot. t. 2468. Odontites
lutea, Spreng. prod. 33. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 380. but not of
Hoffm. By most authors this species has been confused with
the preceding.
Anned Hare's-ear. Fl. July. England. PL i to | foot.
14 B. NODIFLORUM (Sibth and Smith, fl. grsec. t. 260.) stem
dichotomous or trichotomous from the base ; branches spread-
ing, forked ; leaves linear : radical ones distich ; umbels axil-
lary and terminal, rather capitate ; leaves of involucrum 5, ovate,
cuspidate, 3-nerved, transparent between the nerves, as well as
the margins of the upper leaves ; fruit with smooth furrows.
©. H. Native of Candia, in corn-fields ; in Syria near Baruth ;
and Egypt. B. nanum, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 750. B. Mareoticum,
Qq
298
UMBELLIFERjE. LVI. BUPLEURUM.
Delil. ined. B. proliferum, Delil. fl. egypt. p. 61. t. 22. f. 2.
B. minimum, Spreng. neue entd. 3. p. 163. Fruit striated, not
warted.
Knot-flowered Hzre's-ear. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. 1
foot.
15 B. HETEROPHY'LHJM(Link, enum. 1. p. 262.) leaves stem-
clasping : lower ones lanceolate-linear : upper ones oblong-acu-
minated, almost perfoliate ; umbels bifid ; involucrum none ; in-
volucels of 5 ovate acuminated leaves. 0. H. Native of
Egypt ; and the Levant, near Aleppo. B. ^Egyptiacum, Willd.
B. lancifolium, Horn. cat. hort. taur. 1812. ex herb. Furrows
of fruit granular, ex Koch, umb. p. 157. This species is con-
founded with B. protractum by Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6.
p. 365.
Variable-leaved Hare's-ear. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 ft.
1 6 B. PROTRA'CTUM (Link, fl. port. 2. p. 387.) cauline leaves
perfoliate, ovate-oblong, acuminated ; umbels of 3 rays ; involu-
crum wanting ; leaves of involucel 5, mucronate ; furrows of
fruit granular. ©. H. Native of the south of Europe, from
Spain to Greece and Egypt, and from Mauritania to Andega-
vany. Camb. bal. p. 83. B. subovatum, Spreng. in Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 365. exclusive of the synonymes. B. rotundifolium
/j intermedium, Lois. not. 45. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 514. B.
rotundifolium, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 452. Diaphyllum triradiatum,
Hoffm.
Protracted Hare's-ear. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819. PI. |
to | foot.
17 B. ROTUNDIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. p. 340.) cauline leaves per-
foliate, roundish-ovate ; umbels of 5-6 rays ; involucrum want-
ing ; in volucels of 5 mucronate leaves ; furrows of fruit smooth,
and destitute of vittse : ribs very slender. Q. H. Native of Eu-
rope, in fields, especially in Caucasus, south of Siberia, and Per-
sia ; in England in corn-fields, especially on a chalky soil. Smith,
engl. bot. t. 99. Sturm, deutschl. fl. with a figure. Hayn. arz.
gew. 7. t. 1. B. perfoliatum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 405. B. rotun-
difolium a, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 364. — Moris, hist.
3. p. 299. sect. 9. t. 12. f. 1. This plant has been reckoned
among the vulnerary herbs ; but its virtues, whether ever ex-
perienced or not, are recorded in old herbals only.
Round-leaved Hare's-ear or Thorow-wax. Fl. July. England.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
* Perennial plants.
18 B. AU'REUM (Fisch. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 366.) leaves
coriaceous ; radical ones ovate, ovate-oblong, obovate, attenu-
ated into the petioles at the base : cauline ones ovate, acute,
stem-clasping ; leaves of involucrum 3-5, elliptic, or nearly or-
bicular, mucronate ; of the involucels 5, conforming to those
of the involucrum, coloured, longer than the flowering um-
bels. ]/. H. Native of Siberia, on mountains beyond the
Baikal ; and of Altaia. B. longif olium var. Spreng. umb. spec,
p. 119. Very nearly allied to B. longifolium, but differs in the
involucels being yellow, obtuse with a mucrone, not acuminated.
CroWen-umbelled Hare's-ear. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
19 B. LONGIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. p. 341.) leaves ovate-oblong:
radical ones petiolate : cauline ones stem-clasping ; leaves of
involucrum 3-5, ovate, somewhat acuminated ; of the invo-
lucels 5. Tf.. H. Native of France, Germany, Transyl-
vania, Switzerland, Savoy, &c. on the mountains. — J. Bauh.
hist. 3. p. 199. f. 1. Cam. hort. t. 38. Umbellules 7-14
flowered. Fruit with elevated, sharp, rather winged ribs : and
with the furrows between the ribs smooth, and furnished with 3
vittae each, which are full of pellucid dots, ex Koch, umb. p. 117.
Long-leaved Hare's-ear. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1713. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
20 B. PYREN.SI'UM (Gouan, ill. p. 8. t. 4.) radical leaves lan-
ceolate, elongated : cauline ones cordate-lanceolate, half stem-
clasping, acuminated ; umbels of 5, very rarely of 3 rays ; in-
volucrum of 3 broadly ovate leaves ; involucels of 5 obovate
distinct leaves, which are almost twice the length of the umbel-
lules. I/ . H. Native of the Pyrenees, in rocky meadows, in
the places called Llaurenti, Ereslids, Estive de Luz, Portd'Oo;
and in the Eastern Pyrenees. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 346. P. Pyre-
naicum, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1371. B. angulosum var. a, Lin.
spec. p. 341. Leaves of involucrum rarely lobed at the base.
Ribs of fruit broadly winged ; wings sharply and membranously
keeled ; furrows smooth, furnished each with 3 vittae, which are
full of pellucid dots. Koch, umb. p. 116.
Pyrenean Hare's-ear. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1814. PI. 1 ft.
21 B. STELLA'TUM (Lin. spec. p. 340.) radical leaves linear-
lanceolate, elongated : cauline ones almost wanting ; involucrum
of 3 ovate-lanceolate leaves ; involucels of 8 leaves, which are
joined together into an 8-cleft disk, longer than the umbellules.
% . H Native of the Alps of Switzerland, Piedmont, Dauphiny,
and Savoy, in stony meadows ; and of Corsica, on the mountains,
and probably of the Pyrenees. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 346. — Hall,
helv. hist. no. 771. t. 18. Ribs of fruit broadly winged; wings
sharply and membranously keeled ; furrows smooth, each fur-
nished with one vitta.
tffeMafc-involucelled Hare's-ear. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1775.
PI. 1 to 1£ foot.
22 B. TRIRADIA'TUM (Adams, ex Fisch. in litt. ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 1 30.) radical leaves linear-oblong : cauline ones 3, stem-
clasping, oblong or ovate, hardly acute ; umbels of 3 rays ; invo-
lucrum of 3 obovate leaves ; involucel of 7-8 obovate leaves,
which are scarcely longer than the umbellule. I/ . H. Native
of Altaia or the mountains, and at Lake Baikal. Allied to B.
Pyrence'um, but differs in the leaves being much less acute, in
the umbels being of 3 rays, in the involucels being hardly longer
than the flowers, and in the young fruit not being glaucous.
Three-rayed-umbe\\e& Hare's-ear. PI. 1 foot.
23 B. MULTINE'RVE (D. C. mem. soc. gen. vol. 4.) radical
leaves oblong-linear, attenuated at both ends : cauline ones stem-
clasping, ovate, acuminated, with many parallel nerves; invo-
lucra of 5 unequal leaves, having many parallel nerves ; leaves
of involucel 5, ovate, acuminated, coloured, hardly longer than
the umbellule. 1£. H. Native of Altaia, on the mountains.
Allied on the one hand to B. aureum and B. longifolium, and on
the other to B. graminif olium.
Var. /3, angustius (D. C. prod. 4. p. 130.) cauline leaves nar-
rower, more glaucous ; involucrum of 2 leaves. !{.• H. Native
of Dahuria.
Var. y, minus (D. C. 1. c.) involucrum of 3-4 leaves ; stem
nearly simple ; leaves narrow, % . H. Native of Altaia, on
the mountains.
Many-nerved-leaveA Hare's-ear. PL 1 foot.
24 B. GRAMINIFOLIUM (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 48.) stem nearly
naked ; leaves radical, linear ; involucrum of 3-5 elongated
leaves, about one-half shorter than the rays of the umbel ; leaves
of involucel 5-8, oblong, mucronate. 1£. H. Native of the
Alps of Europe and the Pyrenees. Rcem. fl. eur. fasc. 7. with
a figure. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 367. Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p.
368. B. petraeum, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 576. t. 14. Jacq. icon,
rar. 1. t. 56. This species differs from B. ranunculoides, in the
leaves being all nearly radical, in the involucels being often 7-8-
leaved, in the leaves of the involucrum being more elongated.
B. incurvum, Bell. app. 77. t. 11. is hardly a variety of this
species, unless that the leaves of the involucrum are more elon-
gated. B. caricifolium and B. petrae'um of many authors are
identical with this.
Var. fl, bicalyculatum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 131.) leaves of in-
UMBELLIFERJi. LVI. BUPLEURUM.
299
volucrum 10, disposed in two series. 1£. H. Native of Pied-
mont, on the mountains about Limone. B. bicalyculatum, Bell,
st. nov. p. 4. t. 2. in mem. acad. taur. vol. 7.
Grass-leaved Hare's-ear. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1 768. PI. | ft.
25 B. RANUNCULOIDES (Lin. spec. p. 342.) radical leaves linear-
lanceolate, attenuated towards the base : cauline ones stem-clasp-
ing, oblong-cordate, or ovate-cordate, striated ; involucrum of 3
unequal leaves ; involucels of 5 ovate or oblong nerved distinct
mucronate leaves. 2£ . H. Native of the Alps, Pyrenees, Jura,
Apennines, Siberia, in rough exposed places ; and of North Ame-
rica, at Cape Mulgrave, in Behring's Straits. Lam. diet. 1. p.
518. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 348. B. angulosum, Spreng. in Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 366. — Park, theatr. 581. no. 7.— Bauh. hist. 3. p.
199. f. 2. Ribs of fruit elevated and sharp; and the furrows
between the ribs smooth, and furnished with one vitta each, ex
Koch, umb. p. 116. Habit of herb very variable, from a finger
to a foot in height, simple or branched, bearing one or many
umbels. Involucra of from 1 to 3 leaves, very variable in length,
either broader or narrower than the leaves. The limits between
the varieties are hardly perceptible, and to these may be re-
ferred the B. angulosum, ranunculoides, repens, obtusatum, and
graminifolium, Lapeyr. abr. and suppl. as well as B. gramineum
and Vapincense, Vill. B. caricifolium and Burserianum, Willd.
B. Baldense, Hort. B. petrae'um, Geners. B. angulosum /3,
Lin. &c.
Var. ft, caricinum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 131.) radical leaves rather
convolute, linear-subulate : cauline ones hardly dilated at the
base. I/. H. Native of the Apennines and the Pyrenees, in
exposed rocky places. B. caricifolium of many herbaria. B.
petrae'um, Lin. spec. 340. ? but the leaves of the involucel are
distinct, not joined.
Var. y, oblongifblium (Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 348.) stem very sim-
ple ; radical leaves 2, linear-oblong, 1-j to 2 inches long, and 2
to 3 lines broad, acutish ; cauline leaves sessile, broader than
the radical ones, of different shapes : the uppermost ones cor-
date-ovate, rounded at the apex, and mucronulate ; involucrum
of 3-8 unequal leaves ; umbels of 4 unequal rays ; involucels of
5-7 obovate mucronate leaves. Q. If-H. Native of Siberia.
Crowfoot-like Hare's-ear. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1790. PI.
^ to i foot.
26 B. BALDE'NSE (Host, syn. 141.) stem branched; leaves
stem-clasping, nearly linear, acute, nerved ; radical ones taper-
ing into the petioles ; leaves of involucel oblong-linear, about
equal in length to the fructiferous pedicels ; ribs of fruit
sharp; vittae 3 in £ach furrow. T£. H. Native of Mount
Baldo ; and of Altaia, at the riyers Tscharysch, Kerlyk, Bucktor-
minsk ; and near Schulbinsk. B. bicaujf, Helm, in act. mosq.
2. p. 106. t. 8.— Gmel.-sib. 1. p. 209. no. 24. Stems numer-
ous, erect or ascending, simple at the base, and branched at the
apex. Radical leaves 2-6 inches long. Involucrum of 4-7 lan-
ceolate-linear leaves, but sometimes only of one elongated deci-
duous leaf. Umbels of 5-13 rays. Involucels of 5-9 oblong-
linear acute 3-nerved leaves; umbellules of 10-20 flowers.
Var. fl,multicaule (Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 350.) plant tufted ; leaves
rather fleshy. Tf. . H. Native of Altaia, in saltish deserts at
the river Tschuja.
Baldo Hare's-ear. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
27 B. LONGICAI/LE (Wall. cat. no. 557.) stems erect, sparingly
branched; leaves linear, acute, 5-7-nerved, rather membranous ;
umbels 3-5-rayed ; involucra of 1-3 ovate acute leaves ; umbel-
lules 15-rayed; leaves of involucel 5, ovate, mucronate, longer
than the flowers, but shorter than the fruit; fruit 3 times longer
than the pedicels, acutely ribbed ; vittse 3 in each furrow. I/ .
H. Native of Nipaul, at Gosaingsthan, Emodi, and Kamaon.
Herb 1|- to 2 feet high, dividing into many stems at the neck.
Leaves 3-6 inches long. Mature fruit 2 lines long.
Long-stemmed Hare's-ear. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
28 B. CANDO'LLII (Wall. cat. no. 552.) stems rising from
horizontal surculi, erect, sparingly branched ; leaves lanceolate,
acute, membranous, obliquely many nerved on both surfaces ;
umbels 12-13-rayed ; involucrum of 2-3 ovate, acute, many
nerved leaves; umbellules 12- 15-rayed; involucels of 5 oval
acute leaves, which exceed the fruit. I/ . H. Native of Nipaul,
at Gosaingsthan and Emodi. Herb 2 feet high. Immature
fruit hardly longer than the pedicels, oblong, ribbed, with the
furrows smooth.
De Candotle's Hare's-ear. PI. 2 feet.
29 B. PANICULA'TUM (Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 455.) leaves linear-
narrow, many nerved : radical ones very long ; stem erect, pa-
nicled ; umbels 2-3-rayed ; involucrum of 2-3 small leaves ; in-
volucels of 4-5 subulate leaves, which are 3 or 4 times shorter
than the umbellules ; fruit oblong. I/.. H. Native of Portugal,
on calcareous hills. Fruit with 3 ribs on each side, usually of
one mericarp from abortion. Habit of B. frutescens, but the
stems are annual.
Panickd Hare's-ear. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1834. PI. 1 to 3 ft.
30 B. CE'RNUUM (Ten. app. 1st cat. hort. neap, ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 131.) stems erect, simple; leaves linear, acute, narrowed
at the base so much as to form petioles, many nerved ; umbels
5-9-rayed ; involucra of 2-4 leaves ; involucels of 5 setaceous
leaves; furrows of fruit smooth. If.. H. Native of the king-
dom of Naples, on calcareous rocks. B. obtusifolium, Ten.
prod. p. 18. Leaves acute. A very distinct species, although
it has been joined by Sprengel with B. semicompositum. Very
nearly allied to B. paniculatum.
Drooping Hare's-ear. PI. 1 foot.
31 B. EXALTA'TUM (Bieb. tabl. casp. p. 166.) leaves all linear,
many nerved : lower ones elongated ; stem erect, leafy, panicu-
lately branched ; umbels 5-10-rayed ; involucra and involucels of
3-5 subulate unequal, small leaves ; fruit ovate. If. . Bieb. $ .
Stev. H. Native of Tauria and Caucasus, in maritime meadows,
and on hills. B. Baldense, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1375. exclusive of
the syn. Bieb. fl. cauc. no. 513. but not of Turr. nor Host. Al-
lied to B.falcatum, but differs in the fruit being shorter, and in
the ribs being less acute.
Exalted Hare's-ear. Fl. July. Clt. 1807. PI. 2 feet.
32 B. LiNEARiF6i,iuM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 131.) stem erect,
paniculately branched ; leaves linear, very long, hardly acute,
many 'nerved; umbels of 5-6 rays ; involucra and involucels of
4-5 small acuminated leaves ; fruit linear-oblong, with rather
prominent ribs. 1£. H. Native of Persia, on mountains about
Badala, in the district of Khoi in the province of Aderbeidjan,
where it was collected by Szowits. Very like B. exaltdtum,\)ut
differs in the fruit being longer. It is perhaps, however, only a
variety of it.
Linear-leaved Hare's-ear. PI. 1 foot.
33 B. scoRzoNERiEFOuuM (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 30.) radical
leaves lanceolate: cauline ones linear, all striated with 9-11
parallel nerves ; stem paniculately branched ; umbels 8-10-ray-
ed ; involucrum of 1-2 leaves ; involucels of 4-5 lanceolate api-
culated leaves, which are shorter than the umbellules. If. . H.
Native of Siberia, at Lake Baikal. Allied to B. falcatum, but
differs in the leaves being narrower, and in the nerves being
parallel and more crowded.
Scorzonera-leaved Hare's-ear. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI.
1^ foot.
34 B. LANCEOLA'TUM (Wall. cat. no. 551.) stem erect, spar-
ingly branched ; leaves lanceolate, much acuminated, glabrous,
membranous, furnished with 2 oblique nerves on each side ;
umbels 5-6-rayed ; involucrum of one small leaf ; umbellules 5-8-
rayed; involucels of 1-2 small leaves, rarely wanting ; fruit ovate-
oblong, with the ribs hardly elevated, and the furrows smooth.
a q 2
300
UMBELLIFER^. LVI. BUPLEURUM.
7/ . H. Native of Nipaul, on the mountains. Herb 2 feet high,
quite glabrous. Leaves 4 inches long, and an inch broad. Fruit
a line and a half long, Furrows of immature fruit furnished
with 3 vittse each.
Zanceo/ate-leaved Hare's-ear. PI. 2 feet.
35 B. MARGINA^TUM (Wall. cat. no. 55G.) stems erectly as-
cending, sparingly branched; leaves linear, acute, stiff, 5-7-
nerved ; outer nerves nearly marginal ; umbels 6-8-rayed; invo-
lucra of 3-5 acuminated lanceolate leaves; umbellules 10-12-
rayed ; involucels of 3-5 leaves, which are shorter than the pe-
dicels ; fruit oblong, ribbed, with the furrows smooth. I/. H.
Native of Nipaul and Kamaon. Root hard, branched, thick.
Herb a foot and a half high. Lower leaves 3 inches long, and
3 lines broad, usually obtuse from some cause ; nerves very pro-
minent.
Marginate-leaved Hare's-ear. PI. 2 feet.
36 B. TRIFIDUM (Tenore, prod. fl. neap. p. 18.) stem erect,
branched ; leaves lanceolate, 9-nerved : upper ones rather fal-
cate, much shorter than the branchlets ; involucrum of 3 very
short linear-subulate leaves ; involucels of 5 setaceous leaves,
shorter than the umbellules, which are trifid. If. . H. Native
of Calabria, on dry rocks. Perhaps only a var. of B. scorzone-
rcefolmrn or B.falcatum.
7Vy?c/-umbelled Hare's-ear. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
37 B. FALCAVTUM (Lin. spec. p. 341.) leaves oblong: lower
ones oblong, petiolate : cauline ones sessile, linear-lanceolate,
attenuated at both ends ; leaves of involucel oblong-lanceolate,
acuminated, about equal in length to the fructiferous pedicels.
"%.. H. Native of Middle Europe, in hedges and among bushes
in dry situations ; and of Siberia, on the Altaian mountains ; and
throughout the whole of Caucasus. Jacq. austr. 2. t. 158.
D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 347.— Lob. icon. t. 456. f. 1. Ribs of fruit
elevated, narrow, and a little winged ; vittae 3 in each furrow :
furrows smooth, ex Koch, umb. 116.
Var. ft, petiolare (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 514.) radical leaves
ovate or oval, 7-nerved. T£. H. Native of the Eastern Pyre-
nees. B. petiolare, Lapeyr. abr. pyr. p. 141. B. rigidum ft,
Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 370.
/a/cate-leaved Hare's-ear. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1739. PI.
1 to 2 feet ?
38 B. RJ'GIDUM (Lin. spec. p. 342.) lower leaves petiolate,
oblong or oval, nerved, coriaceous : upper ones small ; stem
nearly naked, dichotomously panicled ; involucra of 3 small
leaves. I/. H. Native of the south of France, from Provence
to Narbonne, in rugged sterile places. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 349.
B. rigidum, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 370. exclusive of
variety ft. B. falcatum ft, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 408. — Lob. icon. t.
456. f. 2.— Ger. 608. f. 2. — Bauh. hist. p. 200. f. 2. Umbels
3-rayed. Ribs of fruit acute, very slender, but not elevated ;
furrows smooth, furnished with one vitta each, ex Koch, umb.
115.
Stiff Hare's-ear. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PL 2 feet.
39 B. NI/DUM (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 331.) stem dichotomous,
2-leaved ; radical leaves decompound, flat, cut ; involucrum of
one leaf; involucels of 5 lanceolate acute leaves, which are
shorter than the umbellules. I/ . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Flowers pale yellow. The rest unknown.
Naked Hare's-ear. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1778. PI. 1| foot.
* * Shrubby species. — Tenoria and Buprestis, Spreng. I. c.
40 B. MU'NDTII (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 1. p. 384.)
shrubby, much branched ; leaves linear-setaceous ; umbels 2-3-
rayed ; involucels of 5 narrow lanceolate acute leaves, which
are equal in length to the umbellules ; fruit oblong, smooth. "%. .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lower leaves 8 inches
long. B. sulcatum ft Africanum, Berg. cap. 76. ? but the um-
bels are said to be 5-rayed, and the involucels of 5 leaves.
Mundt's Hare's-ear. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
41 B. SIBTHORPIA'NUM (Smith, fl. graec. t. 264. prod. 1. p.
179.) plant suffrutescent ; leaves linear, rather falcate, with
smooth margins ; involucra usually of 3 leaves ; leaves of invo-
lucel linear-lanceolate, cuspidate, shorter than the umbellules.
Tj . H. Native of the Morea. A specimen collected near Tehe-
ran agrees very well with the character given to this ; and is pro-
bably the same. Plant only frutescent at the base.
Sibthorp's Hare's-ear. Shrub 1 foot.
42 B. SPINOSUM (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 178.) shrubby, erect;
floriferous branches divaricate, stiff: the deflowered ones spi-
nose ; leaves linear-subulate, many veined, quite entire ; invo-
lucra of 3-5 small subulate leaves. Jj . H. Native of Spain
and Mauritania. Gouan. ill. p. 8. t. 2. f. 3. Desf. atl. 1. p. 232.
Tenoria spinosa, Spreng. Ribs of fruit obtuse.
Spinose Hare's-ear. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1752. Sh. 1 foot.
43 B. FRUTICE'SCENS (Lin. amcen. 4. p. 269.) sufFruticbse,
erect ; branches slender, elongated, erect ; leaves linear-subu-
late, stifF, striated, 5-7-nerved ; involucra of 3-5 yery short su-
bulate leaves. Tj . H. Native of Mauritania, Spain, and be-
tween Perpignan and Narbonne. Cav. icon. 2. t. 106. Tenoria
fruticescens, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 376. — Barr. icon,
t. 1255. Umbels small, 3-5-rayed. Ribs of fruit obtuse.
Frutescent Hare's-ear. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1752. Sh. 1 ft.
44 B. FOLIOSUM (Salzm. pi. exsic. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 133.)
suffrutescent, erect, nearly simple ; leaves sessile, half stem-
clasping, linear-lanceolate, acuminated, undulated, crowded, 1-
nerved, quite entire ; leaves of involucra ovate. \j . F. Native
of Mauritania, about Tangiers. Stem a foot high. Leaves broad
and half stem-clasping at the base. Involucra of 3 leaves ; in-
volucels of 4-5 leaves. Fruit ovate, with obtuse ribs.
Leafy Hare's-ear. Shrub 1 foot.
45 B. ELA'TUM (Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 316.) plant suffru-
tescent at the base ; branches elongated ; leaves membranous,
many veined : radical ones oblong-lanceolate, tapering into the
petioles: cauline ones sessile, linear-lanceolate; umbels 8-12-
cleft ; involucra of 4-5 short leaves ; leaves of involucels ob-
long, acuminated, longer than the umbellules, T^ • F- Native
of Sicily, on calcareous rocks. Allied to B. plantagineum, but
the plant is frutescent at the base, and the leaves are acute.
Ribs of fruit smooth.
Tall Hare's-ear. Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
46 B. CANE'SCENS (Schousb. mar. beob. p. 113.) shrubby,
erect, branched ; leaves oblong, membranous, very blunt, quite
entire, sessile, with many parallel nerves ; umbels 8-10-rayed;
leaves of involucra oblong, obtuse, short. fj . F. Native of
Mogodor. Branches of a greyish white-colour. Plant glabrous.
Fruit like that of B.frulicbsa. Leaves much thinner, and one-
half smaller than those of B. plantagineum.
Canescent Hare's-ear. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1809. Shrub 2
to 3 feet.
47 B. PLANTAGI'NECM (Desf. atl. 1. p. 233. t. 57.) shrubby,
erect, branched ; leaves lanceolate, mucronate, stiff', coriaceous,
sessile, quite entire, many nerved ; umbels 4-1 0-rayed; leaves
of involucra elongated, subulate, acute. I? . F. Native of Mount
Atlas, near Bougie. Tenoria plantaginea, Spreng. in Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 376. Nerves almost diverging from the base of the
leaves, not parallel.
lantern-leaved Hare's-ear. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
48 B. GIBRALTA'RICA (Lam. diet. (1784.) 1. p. 520.) shrubby,
erect, branched; leaves lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, 1-
nerved, coriaceous, glaucous, oblique, quite entire, sessile; leaves
of involucra lanceolate. Tj . F. Native of Gibraltar, on the
UMBELLIFER^E. LVI. BUPLEURUM. LVII. HETEROMORPHA. LVIII. LICHTENSTEINIA.
301
rocks at Algesira. B. coriaceum, Lher. stirp. nov. fasc. 6.
(1785.) t. 67. B. obliquum, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 24. B. arbo-
rescens, Jacq. icon. rar. 2. t. 351. Tenoria coriacea, Spreng. in
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 345. Buprestis coriacea, Spreng. mag. B.
verticale, Ort. fl. esp. The whole plant is rather fragrant when
rubbed.
Gibraltar Hare's-ear. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1784. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
49 B. FRUTic6suM (Lin, spec. 343.) shrubby, erect, branched ;
leaves oblong, attenuated at the base, coriaceous, 1 -nerved,
quite entire, sessile ; leaves of involucra oblong. J? . F. Na-
tive of Portugal, Spain, south of France, Nice, Corsica, Sicily,
Mauritania, and Thessaly. Sibth. fl. graec. t. 263. Wats, dendr.
brit. t. 14. Duham. arbr. 1. t. 43. Jaum. pi. fr. 1. t. 65. Mill,
fig. 74. Tenoria fruticosa, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 376.
Buprestis fruticosa, Spreng. mag. Seseli -Shniopicum, Bauh.
pin. 161. Seseli frutex, Mor. umb. 16. Ribs of fruit ele-
vated, acute ; vittee broad. Bark of branches purplish. Leaves
of a sea green colour.
Shrubby Hare's-ear. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1596. Sh. 3 to 6 ft.
50 B. DIFFO'RME (Lin. spec. 343.) shrubby, erect, branched ;
leaves variable on the same branch, simple or ternate ; leaflets
undivided or cut; umbels terminal, 8-12-rayed; leaves of in-
volucrum linear, acute, much shorter than the peduncles. Tj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. t. 71. f. 1.
Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 384. Thunb. fl. cap. 248.
Tenoria difformis, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 377. Bu-
prestis difformis, Spreng. mag. Ribs of fruit rounded and tumid,
lateral ones somewhat dilated ; vittae 2-3 in each furrow. This
shrub sends out side branches, which in the spring have on their
lower parts leaves, composed of many small flat leaflets, finely
cut like those of coriander, and of a sea green colour ; these
leaves soon fall off, and the upper part of the branches are closely
covered with long rush-like leaves, having 4 angles, coming out
in clusters from each joint.
Difformed-lesived Hare's-ear. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1752. Sh.
4 to 6 feet.
t Species not sufficiently known.
51 B. POLYPHY'LLUM (Ledeb. mem. ac. sc. petrop. 5. p. 528.)
stem erect, striated, branched above ; leaves lanceolate, stem-
clasping ; umbels of many unequal rays ; involucrum almost
wanting ; involucels of 6 lanceolate acuminated leaves, which
exceed the fruit. If. . H. Native of Caucasus. Flowers said
to be solitary in the axils of the branches.
Many-leaved Hare's-ear. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 ft.
52 B.? opposiTiFbiiuM (Lapeyr. abr. pyr. p. 141.) stem
naked ; branches umbeHate ; lejlfres opposite, lanceolate, obtuse,
nerved ; involucrum almost wanting ; involucels of 5 lanceolate
awned leaves. O- H. Native of the Pyrenees, at a place called
Trancade d'Ambouilla. This species is very obscure, and very
doubtful whether it is an umbelliferous plant at all.
Opposite-leaved Hare's-ear. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. All the species grow well in any common garden soil.
The seeds of the annual species only require to be sown in the
open ground early in spring. The herbaceous perennial kinds
are either increased by being divided at the roots, or by seeds ;
and the shrubby species by cuttings.
LVII. HETEROMO'RPHA (from trtpoe, heteros, diverse,
and popfai, morphe, form ; leaves). Cham, et Schlecht. in Lin-
nae. 1. p. 385. t. 5. f. 2. D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 43. prod. 4. p.
1 34. — Bupleurum species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals roundish, entire, closely involute, ending in a broad retuse
point. Fruit obovate-pyriform, 5-winged ; mericarps of 2 forms ;
the outer one 2-winged, and the inner one 3-winged ; wings
running from the teeth of the calyx, and therefore are the cari-
nal ribs extended ; vittae one in each furrow, and 2 in the com-
missure.— A glabrous Cape shrub, with the habit of Bupleurum
fruticbsum. Leaves petiolate, ovate or oblong, rarely somewhat
triple-nerved, sometimes quite entire, sometimes 3-lobed, tri-
partite or ternate. Umbels of many rays. Involucra and in-
volucels of many short leaves. Flowers yellow as in Bupleurum.
1 H. ARBORE'SCENS (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c.) Tj . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Bupleurum arborescens, Thunb.
prod. p. 50. fl. cap. 247. Bupleurum trifoliatum, Wendl. et
Bartl. beitr. 2. p. 13. Tenoria arborescens, Spreng. prod. umb.
Arborescent Heteromorpha. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1810. Sh.
1 to 2 feet.
Cult. Any common soil will answer this shrub ; and cuttings
are easily rooted.
Tribe V.
SESELI'NE^ (plants agreeing with Seseli in important
characters) or Orthospermae paucijugatae teretiusculse, Koch,
umb. 102. D. C. prod. 4. p. 135. Transverse sections of fruit
terete, or nearly so. Mericarps with 5 equal filiform or winged
ribs : lateral ribs marginating, and often a little broader than
the rest. Seed somewhat teretely convex on the back, and flat-
tish in front. Raphe marginal or submarginal.
LVIII. LICHTENSTEI'NIA (in honour of M. Von Lich-
tenstein, Professor of Medicine at Berlin, a celebrated German
botanist). Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 394. D. C. prod,
4. p. 135. but not of Willd. nor Wendl.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals elliptic, drawn out into a long acumen, which is bent in
nearly to the base. Fruit nearly terete, variable in length,
crowned by the teeth of the calyx in the immature state, and by
the stylopodium and short spreading styles. Mericarps smooth,
with 5 filiform ribs, lateral ones marginating ; vittae large, soli-
tary under each rib, but none in the commissure nor furrows. —
Perennial herbs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope, yielding an
aromatic juice. Radicalleaves cut. Stems erect, fistular, naked,
branched, furnished with sheathing scales or abortive leaves.
Terminal umbels compound, fertile : lateral ones often sterile.
Involucra and involucels of many short marcescent leaves.
Flowers yellow ? This genus from the situation of the vittae
agrees alone with Melanoselmum, but the form of the fruit is
very different.
1 L. LA'CERA (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 395.) leaves sca-
brous, almost undivided or jagged : lobes irregularly serrated :
serratures setaceously cuspidate ; fruit oblong. lf..G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope, on the Devil's mountain. Sieb. pi.
exsic. no. 213. Hermas rudissima, Reichb. in Spreng. syst. 4.
p. 118. CEnanthe exaltata, Thunb. prod. p. 50. fl. cap. p. 254.
ex herb. Juss. Leaves like those of Eryngium. Umbel 15-
rayed; involucra of 10 leaves. Immature fruit blackish when
dried.
Jagged-leaved Lichtensteinia. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
2 L. TRIFIDA (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 39.) leaves glabrous,
ternate, rarely 2-4 cleft ; leaflets lanceolate, entire or toothed ;
fruit elliptic. 3£. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, at
Schurfdeberg. CEnanthe obscura, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 890. Um-
bels 10-20-rayed.
Trifid Lichtensteinia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
3 L. PYRETHRIFOLIA (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 397.) leaves
glabrous, pinnatifid : lobes ovate, cut, serrated ; fruit elliptic.
I/. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in the woods of,
Ruyterbosch. Sieb. pi. cap. exsic. no. 211. and 222. Bubon
proliferum, Burm. fl. cap. p. 8. CEnanthe inebrians, Thunb.
302
UMBELLIFER^E. LVIII. LICHTENSTEINIA. LIX. OTTOA. LX. (ENANTHE.
prod. p. 40. fl. cap. 262. ex Spreng. syst. 4. p. 118. CEnanthe
Capensis, Houtt. ? Sprengel says his plant has rough leaves,
and Thunb. says his is glabrous ; they are, however, only the
same. The plant is called Gli by the Hottentots, and is made
by them into an inebriating liquor.
Pyrethrum-leaved Lichtensteinia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1816.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
4 L. PALMAVTA(D. C. prod. 4. p. 135.) leaves pilose on both
surfaces, palmate ; petioles broad, sheathing ; lobes or leaflets
5, oblong, rather cuneated, cartilaginously serrated ; stem terete,
glabrous, sparingly branched ; petiolar sheaths short, leafless ;
fruit ovate. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
.Pa/mate-leaved Lichtensteinia. PL 1
Cult. The species of this genus require to be grown in pots
so as they may easily be sheltered in the winter. Any light soil
will suit them ; and they may be easily increased by dividing at
the root or by seeds.
LIX. OTTO'A (in honour of Frederick Otto, superintendent
of the royal botanic garden of Berlin). H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 5. p. 20. t. 423. D. C. prod. 4. p. 136 — (Enanthe
species of Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals equal, with an indexed point. Styles arcuately divari-
cate, capitellate at the apex. Fruit oblong; mericarps acutely
5-ribbed, rather compressed at the commissure ; ribs membra-
nous.— Smooth perennial herbs. Stems simple, with few leaves.
Leaves (phyllodia?) sheathing at the base, intercepted by trans-
verse dissepiments. Umbels terminal, without any involucra, of
many rays. Umbellules without involucels. Flowers white,
polygamous, 3-4, hermaphrodite, and 6-7 male in each umbel-
lule. This genus is allied to CEnanthe, but differs in the margin
of the calyx being obsolete, not 5-toothed ; in the petals being
entire, and in the styles being divaricate.
1 O. CSNANTHOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) If. . G. Native
of Quito, between St. Vincent and Ybarra. CEnanthe Quitensis,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 888. Herb very like Tiedemania teretifolia,
but the generic character is different, and the involucrum is
wanting.
(Enanthe-like Ottoa. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. Any soil will suit this plant, and it may either be in-
creased by seed or by dividing at the root.
LX. CENA'NTHE (from oivoc, oinos, wine, and avBof, anthos,
a flower ; odour). Lam. diet. 4. p. 526. ill. t. 203. Lag. am.
nat. 2. p. 96. Koch, umb. p. 112. diss. ined. in litt. 1828. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 136. — CEnanthe and Phellandrium, Lin. gen. no.
352. and 353. Hoffm. umb. p. 73. — CEnanthe species of Spreng.
prod. p. 37.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed,
permanent, somewhat accrete after flowering. Petals obovate,
emarginate, with an inflexed point. Stylopodium conical. Fruit
cylindrically ovate, crowned by the long erect styles. Meri-
carps with 5 rather convex obtuse ribs : lateral ribs marginating,
and a little broader than the rest ; vittae one in each furrow.
Carpophore indistinct — Smooth usually aquatic herbs, natives
of Europe and Asia. Umbels compound. Involucra variable,
usually wanting ; involucels of many leaves. Flowers in the
rays of the umbellules on long pedicels sterile ; those in the
disk on short pedicels fertile ; petals white. The species of this
genus are difficult to extricate, in consequence of the roots
having been neglected by the authors who have described them.
§ 1 . True species, natives of Europe, Sfc. but not of the Cape
of Good Hope.
* Plants perennial. Roots tuberous ; tubers disposed in fas-
cicles.
1 CE. FISTULOSA (Lin. spec. 365.) roots fasciculate, intermixed
with oblong tubers ; neck of root throwing out stolons ; stems
and leaves fistular ; radical leaves bipinnate : leaflets cuneated,
lobed ; cauline leaves pinnate : leaflets filiform ; umbels 3-4-
rayed, without any involucrum ; fruit turbinate, much crowded,
ribbed. If. . H. Native of Europe and Caucasus, in ditches,
ponds, and other watery places ; plentiful in Britain. Drev. et
Heyne. pi. europ. 5. t. 98. Fl. dan. t. 846. Smith, engl. bot, t.
363. O. aquatica, Bauh. pin. 162. — Bauh. hist. 3. p. 192. f.
1. — Petiv. herb. brit. t. 25. f. 5. and 6. There is a variety of
this whose roots are composed of whorles of fibres. The plant
has an unpleasant smell, and a hot nauseous taste, like many
other umbelliferous plants. The roots and whole herbage are
said to be poisonous. Flowers pale red.
Var. ft, Taberncemontani (Koch, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 136.)
radical leaves divided into many linear segments. If. . H. Na-
tive of Alsatia, in inundated places. O. Tabernsemontani, Gmel.
fl. bad. 1. p. 676. exclusive of the syn. of Poll.
Var. y ? lanceolata (Spreng. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 136.) radi-
cal leaves pinnate or bipinnate : leaflets or segments linear-lan-
ceolate ; umbels bifid. If.. H. Native of Mauritania, in humid
places on the sea shore near Lacalle. CE. lanceolata, Poir. suppl.
4. p. 135. CE. fistulosa, Poir. voy. 2. p. 137.
Fistular or Common Water-dropwort. Fl. June, Aug. Britain.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 CE. LACHENA'III (Gmel. fl. bad. 1. p. 678.) fibres of roots
cylindrical, rather fleshy, in fascicles ; radical leaves somewhat
bipinnate: leaflets cuneiform, obtuse, tridentate at the apex;
cauline leaves pinnate : leaflets linear, entire ; involucra wanting,
or of few leaves. I/. H. Native of the north of Italy, Germany,
valleys of the Rhine, in humid meadows ; and of Caucasus, in
marshes towards the Caspian sea between Sallian and Lenkeran.
Koch, umb. p. 113. CE. pimpinelloides, Poll. pall. 1. p. 291.
but not of Lin. CE. Rhenana, D. C. suppl. p. 506. CE. Mega-
politana, Willd. berl. mag. 3. p. 297. CE. gymnorhiza, Brignoli,
pi. forojul. 21. CE. Jordani, Tenore, add. 1827.? Styleswhite
after flowering.
Var. p, approximala (D. C. prod. 4. p. 137.) radical leaves
pinnate ; leaflets or segments trifid, obtuse, cuneated at the
base. 7£. H. Native about Paris, in humid meadows. O.
approximata, Mer. fl. par. 115. D. C. suppl. p. 507.
Var. y, involucrata (D. C. 1. c.) involucrum of many leaves.
i;.H. CE. peucedanifolia, Schleich. pi. exsic. CE. Rhenana,
Moricand, fl. ven. p. 149. In some specimens the involucrum
is absent. Fruit ovate, striated ; pedicels not thickened after
flowering.
La ChenaVs Water-dropwort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
3 CE. PEUCEDANIFOLIA (Poll. pal. 1. p. 289. f. 3.) tubers of
roots sessile, elliptic, ending in a fibre each at the apex ; radical
leaves bipinnate : cauline ones pinnate ; lobes or leaflets all
linear; umbels 5-8-rayed ; involucrum wanting, or of 1 leaf;
fruit oblong, attenuated at the base, nearly sessile, coarctate
beneath the calyx. 1£. H. Native of middle Europe, in mea-
dows, ditches, and bogs ; as in France, Switzerland, &c. In
England, near Bury ; about Bedford ; on the banks of the Isis,
beyond Isley ; and in peat bogs, under Headington Wick Copse,
Oxfordshire. Umbellules dense, many-flowered, surrounded by
the many leaves of the involucels, which are of equal length. Smith,
engl. bot. t. 348. CE. filipenduloides, Thuill. fl. par. p. 146. CE.
Pollichii, Gmel. fl. bad. 1. p. 679. CE. peucedanoides, Roth. CE.
patens, Mcench. — Lob. icon. 729. f. 2.— Dalech. hist. 773. f. 1.
Flowers often reddish. The roots taste like the garden pars-
nip, but are probably dangerous food ; yet they are not reckoned
poisonous, though the roots of other species are virulent.
Sulphur-wort-leaved Water-dropwort. Fl. Ju. Brit. PL l-|ft.
UMBELLIFERjE. LX. (ENANTHE.
303
4 CE. SILAIFOLIA (Bieb. suppl. p. 232.) knobs of roots of an
oblong-fusiform shape, or cylindrical, fasciculate; leaves pin-
nate ; leaflets of the lower leaves lanceolate : of the upper ones
linear ; involucra almost wanting ; fruit ovate, crowded, sessile,
hardly longer than the involucel. If . H. Native of the south
of Tauria and Caucasus, in humid places ; Montpelier, at Mire-
val ; Geneva ; Germany at Puessen. CE. virgata, Koch, in litt.
and perhaps of Poir. CE. tenuifolia, Froel. in litt. and is some-
times to be found in gardens, under the name of CE. glauca ;
the whole plant being rather glaucous. Perhaps truly distinct
from CE. peucedanifblia.
Silaus-leaved VVater-dropwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI.
2 feet.
5 CE. PIMPINELLOI'DES (Lin. spec. S65.) roots of several
slender, fleshy, cylindrical fibres, which are dilated into ovate-
globose tubers at the apex ; radical leaves bipinnate ; leaflets
cuneated, cut ; cauline leaves pinnate ; leaflets of the cauline
leaves elongated, linear, and entire ; involucra of many linear
leaves ; fruit cylindrical, striated, callous at the base, longer
than the pedicels, which are thick and short. If. . H. Native
of Europe, in salt marshes. In Britain, as Quaplod, near Salp-
ing, Lincolnshire ; near Aber, North Wales ; Cambridgeshire ;
also in Galloway, the Isle of Arran, and other parts of Scotland.
Stem cylindrical, hollow, slightly branched. Flowers of a pale
flesh colour.
Var. a, chcBrophylloides(D. C. prod. 4. p. 137.) tubers hanging
by long fibres. If. . H. CE. chaerophylloides, Pourr. act. tol. 3.
p. 323. — CE. pimpinelloides, Smith, engl. bot. 347. Jacq. aust.
t. 3U4. CE. australis, Wulf. CE. Karsthia, Hacq. earn. t. 3. ?
—Bauh. hist. 3. p. 191. f. 1. Mor. ox. sect. 9. t. 7. f. 3. Cam.
epit. 610. icon. Smith says the roots are of several slender,
tapering, fleshy tubercles, intermixed with fibres.
Far. ft, pimpinellcefblia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 137.) tubers on
short peduncles, intermixed with fibres. — Bauh. hist. 3. p. 191.
f. 2. CE. pimpinelloides, Lam. diet. 4. p. 528. and probably
of many other authors. CE. virgata, Poir. voy. 2. p. 138.
Spreng. umb. 105.
Pimpernel-like Water-dropwort. Fl. Jul. Brit. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
6 CE.CALLOSA (Salzm. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 137.) roots
unknown ; stem branched, striated ; lower leaves bipinnate :
leaflets ovate, deeply serrated ; upper leaves pinnate : leaflets
lanceolate-linear, acuminated ; umbels of many rays ; involu-
crum almost wanting ; fruit cylindrically-oblong, striated, cal-
lous at the base and apex, longer than the pedicels, which are
thick. If. . H. Native about Tangiers. This species differs
from CE..apiifblia in the fruit "being callous, and from CE. pim-
pinelloides in the involucrum befcig almost wanting. Fruit
crowded in the umbellules.
Callous-fruited Water-dropwort. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
7 CE. APIIFOLIA (Brot. fl. lus. p. 420. phyt. t. 33.) knobs of
roots sessile, oblong-fusiform ; stem branched, furrowed : leaves
bipinnate or tripinnate : leaflets wedge-shaped, deeply serrated ;
upper leaves pinnate, with narrower leaflets ; umbels of many
rays ; involucrum almost wanting ; fruit cylindrically-oblong,
striated, longer than the pedicels. 3£.H. Native of Portugal,
Corsica, &c. Willd. enum. p. 316. Spreng. in Schultes, syst.
vol. 6. Stems purplish, particularly at the joints, by which it
may be known at first sight from CE. crocata, to which it is very
nearly allied, and from which it only differs in the involucrum
being almost absent. Plant strong, very poisonous, abounding
in less orange-coloured juice than CE. crocata.
Celery-leaved Water-dropwort. Fl. July. Clt. 1806. PI.
2 to 5 feet.
8 CE. CROCA'TA (Lin. spec. p. 365.) knobs of roots oblong or
elliptic, sessile ; stem branched, furrowed ; leaves all bipinnate ;
leaflets wedge-shaped, deeply toothed ; umbels of many rays ;
involucra and involucels of many leaves ; fruit linear-oblong,
with slender intermediate ribs, longer than the pedicels. "If. . H.
Native of Europe, common. Plentiful in Britain, in watery
places, osier holts, and about the banks of rivers. Jacq. vind. 3.
t. 55. Smith, engl. bot. t. 2313. Bull. herb. t. 113. Woodv.
suppl. med. bot. t. 267. — Lob. icon. t. 730. — Mor. ox. sect. 9.
t. 7. f. 2. — Matt. valg. 2. p. 220. f. 1. Leaves of involucra and
involucels various in number and shape. Flowers white, tinged
with purple. Plant strong. Roots abounding with an acrid, fetid,
very poisonous saffron- coloured juice, such as exudes less plen-
tifully from all parts of the herb, when wounded. Brood mares
sometimes eat the root, according to Sir Thomas Franklin, and are
poisoned by it. Ehret, the celebrated botanical draughtsman, ex-
perienced a giddiness from the scent of the herb. Dr. Pultney
remarks, that the root is one of the most virulent poisons of all
the vegetable poisons that Great Britain produces. In West-
morland the country people apply a poultice of the herb to the
ulcer which forms in the fore part of the cleft of the hoof in
horned cattle, which is called the foul. It may be safely used ex-
ternally, but internally it should be taken with caution, as is
evident from the accounts given above, and others recited by
Mr. Howelland Sir William Watson, in the Philosophical Trans-
actions. The former of these says that two French prisoners at
Pembroke died by eating the root, that the inhabitants call it
five-fingered root, and that it is much used there in cataplasms.
In the same Transactions, a case is related of eight young lads
near Clonmel in Ireland, where the plant is called tahom, mis-
taking its roots for the mater-parsnip : five of them died. Mr.
Miller informed Sir William Watson that a whole family were
poisoned with it at Battersea. The more caution is neces-
sary respecting this plant, because it is not uncommon in some
places, its appearance and smell resemble smallage or celery,
and the roots have not any flavour disagreeable enough to deter
persons from eating them.
(Sajfhm-coloured-juiced or Hemlock Water-dropwort. Fl. Jul.
Britain. PI. 2 to 5 feet.
9 CE. SARMENTOSA (Presl, inTierb. Hsenk. ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 138.) root unknown ; stems branched, weak, rather scandent;
leaves bipinnate : leaflets ovate, toothed : terminal ones some-
what 3-lobed ; umbels opposite the leaves, of many rays; in-
volucrum wanting ; fruit oblong ; styles very long. If. . H.
Native of North America, at Nootka Sound. Leaves nearly as
in CE. crocata, but the umbels are those of CE. pheUandrium.
Root unknown, and therefore its proper situation among the
species is doubtful.
Sarmentose Water-dropwort. PI. sarmentose.
10 CE. OLOBULOSA (Lin. spec. 365.) knobs of roots oblong,
attenuated at the base, but ending in an elongated fibre each at
the apex ; radical leaves bipinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, cut ;
cauline leaves pinnate, with linear leaflets ; umbel 5-6-rayed,
without any involucrum ; fruit nearly globose, sessile (the pro-
per pedicels being almost wanting) spongy, with thick, obtuse
ribs, and small furrows. If. . H. Native of Etruria, Maurita-
nia, Spain, Portugal, &c. in meadows. Gouan. ill. p. 18. t. 9.
Spreng. umb. spec. p. 106. CE. diffusa, Lag. gen. et spec. p.
13. ex Spreng. Stem compressed at the base, diffuse. Fruit
larger than in any other species of the genus. Umbels on long
peduncles.
Globular-headed Water-dropwort. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1710.
PI. 1£ foot.
1 1 CE. PROLI'FERA (Lin. spec. p. 365.) knobs of roots fusiform,
sessile ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets cuneated, lobately toothed ;
umbels capitate, without an involucrum ; outer pedicels of the
umbel flat, branched, proliferous; fruit turbinate, 10-ribbed:
ribs thick : furrows deep. If. . H. Native of Candia, Calabria,
Lycia, Dalmatia, Carniola. Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 62. — P. Alp.
304
UMBELLIFERJi. LX. (ENANTHE. LXI. ANNESORHIZA.
p. 304. with a figure and p. 305. with a description. — Mor. ox.
sect. 9. t. 7. f. 5.
Proliferous-umbeMeA Water-dropwort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.
1739. PI. 1| to 2 feet.
* * Annual or biennial plants, with fibrous roots.
12 CE. PHELLA'NDRIUM (Lam. fl.fr. 3. p. 432.) root fusiform,
with many whorled fibres ; stem furrowed, fistular, branched;
leaves stalked, repeatedly pinnate, with innumerable, fine, ex-
panded, dark green, narrow, wedge-shaped, cut, sinning, acute,
divaricate leaflets ; umbels opposite the leaves, on short tumid
peduncles, without involucra ; involucels of many narrow,
taper-pointed leaves ; fruit ovate, with 5 broad ribs, and narrow
intermediate furrows, rather shorter than the pedicels. $ . H.
Native of Europe, Tauria, and Siberia, in rivers, ditches, and
lakes ; plentiful in some parts of Britain, as in ditches in Bat-
tersea-fields, near London ; and near Edinburgh. Phellandrium
aquaticum, Lin. spec. 366. Fl. dan. t. 1154. Smith, engl. hot.
t. 684. Schkuhr, handb. t. 71. Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 71. descript.
and icon. t. 1. f. 17. Hayne, arz. gew. 1. t. 40. Nees. off", pfl.
14. t. 6. Woodv. med. hot. suppl. 266. Bull. fr. t. 147.
Erh. pi. off. 24. CE. aquatica, Lam. diet. 4. p. 530. Ligusti-
cum phellandrium, Crantz. hort. fasc. 3. p. 84. Cicutaria pa-
lustris, Ger. emac. 1063. f. 1. Lob. icon. 735. f. 1. Phellandrium,
Dod. pempt. 591. f. 1. Roth always writes the old name phe-
landrium, which agrees with an etymology hazarded by Sir
James Smith, in Rees' cycl. vol. 27. from ^jjXtw, to be trea-
cherous, alluding to the poisonous nature of the plant ; <j>e\\oc
avfyos, as Linnaeus has it, cork of man, is not at all satisfactory.
Linnaeus informs us that the horses in Sweden are seized with
a kind of palsy by eating this plant ; hence Withering and Sib-
thorp have named it horse-bane. This effect, however, is not
to be ascribed to the plant, but to a coleopterous insect breeding
in the stalks, which he therefore names Curculw paraplecticus.
The leaves are sometimes applied to discutient cataplasms, and
for this reason Boerhaave speaks highly of it. The seeds are
recommended in intermittents, and are said to be diuretic, anti-
septic, and expectorant. The efficacy of this plant rests chiefly
on the testimony of Ernstingius and Lange, by whom various
cases of its successful use are published, especially in wounds
and inveterate ulcers, and even in cancers ; also in phthisis, pul-
monalls, asthma, dyspepsia, and intermittent fevers. Dr. Wood-
ville rightly observes, that though the disorders here noticed are
so dissimilar as to afford no satisfactory evidence of the medi-
cinal qualities of these seeds, yet they appear to be well deserv-
ing of farther investigation.
Phellandrium or Fine-leaved Water-dropwort. Britain. PL
2 to 3 feet.
13 CE. STOIONI'FERA (Wall. cat. no. 585.) stems creeping
at the base, ascending, fistular striated ; leaves bipinnate ; upper
ones pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, acuminated at the base and
apex, with a few coarse serratures ; umbels opposite the leaves,
exinvolucrate ; fruit obovate-oblong, much shorter than the
pedicels. $ . ? H. Native of Silhet, in the east of Bengal, in
rice grounds. Phellandrium stoloniferum, Roxb. hort. beng.
p. 81. Teeth of calyx 5, subulate. Styles permanent.
Stoloniferous Water-dropwort. PI. creeping.
14 CE. LINEA'RIS (Wall. cat. no. 586.) stems throwing out
roots from the nodi at the base, erect, fistular ; leaves pinnate ;
leaflets of the lower leaves oval, toothed : of the upper ones
linear, elongated, toothed, or undivided ; umbels opposite the
leaves, without involucra ; rays compressed. $ . H. Native
of Nipaul, in rice grounds. Fruit unknown.
Zinear-leaved Water-dropwort. PI. l^foot.
15 CE. JAVA'NICA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 138.) stems terete, fis-
tular ; leaves divided into 3 parts above the sheaths of the pe-
tioles, which are bipinnate ; leaflets oval-oblong, cuneated at the
base, deeply toothed at the apex ; umbels opposite the leaves,
pedunculate ; involucrum of a few small leaves ; leaves of in-
volucels setaceous ; fruit ovate. $ . S. Native of Java. Sium
Javanicum, Blum. ?
Java Water-dropwort. PI. ?
16 CE. HU MILIS (Rafin. prec. som. p. 41.) stem simple, pen-
tagonal ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets of the lower leaves ovate,
jagged : of the upper leaves lanceolate, entire ; umbels erect,
simple; flowers sessile. ©• H. Native of Sicily, on the Ne-
brode mountains, in woods. The rest unknown. The plant is
very doubtful.
Humble Water-dropwort. PL 1 foot.
§ 2. Species, natives of the Cape of Good Hope, the greater
part of which are hardly known, and all of them, most probably,
belong to different genera from the present.
17 CE. FILIFORMIS (Lam. diet. 4. p. 520. ill. t. 203. f. 2.)
leaves simple, filiform, striated, bluntish ; umbels 3-5-rayed ;
involucrum of 3-5 leaves. If. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, on hills near Cape Town. CE. filifdrmis, Sieb. pi.
exsic. cap. no. 209. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 427. exclusive of the
synonymes. Seseli filifolium, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 259. Conium
filifolium, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 49. Slum filifolium, Willd. herb,
ex Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 387. Ecklon, herb. no.
54. but not of Thunb. Fruit cylindrically prismatic, crowned
by the 5-toothed calyx. Styles erect. Petals emarginate.
Filiform Water-dropwort. PL 1 foot.
18 CE. TENUIFOLIA (Thunb. prod. 49. fl. cap. p. 253.) stem
simple, striated ; leaves bipinnate : leaflets linear-setaceous,
deeply pinnatifid ; upper leaves undivided, filiform ; leaves of
involucra and involucels very short; ribs of fruit rather winged.
"if. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Spreng. umb.
spec. p. 109.
Fine-leaved Water-dropwort. FL June, July. Clt. 1819.
PL 1 to 2 feet.
19 CE. FERULA'CEA (Thunb. prod. 50. fl. cap. p. 253.) root
unknown ; stem branched, striated ; leaves decompound; leaflets
lanceolate, acute, furrowed on both sides ; involucra of few
leaves. If . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Spreng.
umb. spec. p. 109.
Ferula-like Water Drop-wort. PL 1 to 2 feet.
20 CE. INTERRU'PTA (Thunb. prod. p. 50. fl. cap. p. 253.)
root unknown ; stem simple, terete, nearly leafless ; leaves radi-
cal, petiolate, divided into 3 parts, and these parts are decom-
pound; leaflets oblong, sinuately pinnatifid, mucronately toothed:-
lower ones reflexed ; involucrum of 5 leaves. I/ . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Spreng. umb. spec. p. 107. Stem
said by Thunberg to be villous at the base, but by Sprengel it
is said to be smooth. Perhaps the same as Annesorhlza Ca-
pensis.
Interrupted Water-dropwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. PL 1 ft.
Cult. Although all the species grow naturally in ditches, rivers,
and watery places, they grow well in any kind of soil, whether
dry or wet. Increased by dividing at the root, or by seeds.
LXI. ANNESORHTZA (from ayvne, agnes, chaste, and
pi4a, rhiza, a root ; smell of root). Cham, et Schlecht. in
Linnaea. 1. p. 398. t. 5. f. 4. D. C. prod. 4. p. 139.
LIN. SYST. Pentundria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed,
permanent. Petals elliptic, acuminated, more or less emar-
ginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit 5-angled, prismatic,
crowned by the reflexed calyx and styles ; mericarps convex on
the back, unequal: one of them 3-winged, in consequence of the
carinal and marginal ribs being winged, but the intermediate ribs
are filiform : the other 4 winged, in consequence of the carinal
UMBELLIFER-fli. LXII. SCLEROSCIADIUM. LXIII. DASYLOMA. LXIV. CYNOSCIADIUM. LXV. J£THUSA.
305
rib being filiform, and the intermediate 2 and marginal 2 being
winged ; vittse 1 in each furrow, and 2 in the commissure, which
is flat. Carpophore bipartite. — An herb, native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Root fusiform. Stem erect. Cauline leaves
scale-formed. Umbels of 12-15 rays. Involucra and involucels
of many leaves, having hyaline margins.
1 A. CAPE'NSIS (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c.). Ij. . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope, on the sides of mountains. The
root smells of anise, hence the name of the herb at the Cape,
Anyswortel.
Cape Anise-root. PI. 1 to 2 feet?
Cult. Any soil will suit this plant ; and it will be easily in-
creased by cuttings or by seeds.
LXII. SCLEROSCIA'DIUM (from ^poe, skleros, hard,
and aKiaSiov, skiadion, an umbel ; in reference to the solid fruit).
Koch, diss. ined. in litt. 1828. D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 43. t. 2.
f. F. prod. 4. p. 140.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx 5, coni-
cal, permanent. Petals obcordate, with an inflexed point, which
is bidentate or tridentate at the apex. Stylopodium conical ;
styles filiform, at length diverging. Fruit ovate-globose, solid ;
mericarps with 5 thick, elevated, blunt, equal ribs ; vittffi 1 in
each furrow, which are narrow, and 2 in the commissure. Car-
pophore distinct, undivided. Seed terete, flatfish on inside. —
Herb glabrous. Root fibry. Leaves divided into linear-oblong
lobes or leaflets. Umbels axillary, sessile, almost without any
involucrum ; rays very unequal, that is, some of the umbellules
are sessile, and some are on long peduncles in the same umbel.
Involucels of 5-7 leaves, having membranous margins. This
genus is allied to CEndnthe, from which it differs in the carpo-
phore being free, in the Stylopodium being conical, and in the
ribs of the fruit being prominent, &c. (f. 56. F.)
I S. HU'MILE (Koch, 1. c. D. C. 1. c.). O- H. Native of
fields, about Mogodor, and probably of Teneriffe. CEnanthe
nodiflora, Schousb. mar. p. 120. Conium rigidum, Mert. herb,
and perhaps the same as Bunium rigens, Spreng. but neither
the description nor the country agrees with the presentplant.
Humble Sclerosciadium. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1820. PL 1 ft.
Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in the open ground
in a warm sheltered situation.
. LXIII. DASYLO'MA (from 3aa»E, dasys, thick, and \wjua,
loma, a fringe ; in reference to the ribs of the fruit). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 140.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obso-
lete. Petals unknown. Stylopodium depressed ; styles short.
Fruit ovate, with the transverse section terete ; mericarps semi-
ovate, not separating at maturity, with 5 corky, cellular ribs:
the 3 dorsal ones small, and the 2 lateral ones large and blunt ;
vittse 1 in each furrow, which are narrow, and 2 in the middle
of the commissure, which is flat. Carpophore indistinct. Seed
triangular, that is, convex on the back and angular at the com-
missure.— Herbs with the habit of CEndnthe. Stems fistular.
Leaves bipinnate ; leaflets cuneated, few-toothed at the apex.
Umbels opposite the leaves, 5-6-rayed. Umbellules crowded,
many-flowered. Involucra and involucels none.
1 D. BENOALE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 140.) umbels sessile.
Q. H. Native of the east of Bengal, in the province of Silhet.
Seseli Bengalensis, Roxb. Biforis Bengalensis, Wall. Herb
greenish, many-stemmed.
Bengal Dasyloma. PI. 1 foot.
2 D. GLAU'CUM (D. C. 1. c.) umbels pedunculate. ©. H.
Native of Bengal. Biforis ? glauca, Wall. Differs from the
preceding in the umbels being distinctly pedunculate, in the leaves
VOL. in.
FIG. 63.
being larger and glaucous, in the dorsal ribs of the fruit being
more acute, and the lateral ones smaller.
Glaucous Dasyloma. PI. 1 foot?
Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in the open ground.
LXIV. CYNOSCIADIUM (from KVUV, KVVOS, kyon, kynos,
a dog, and <nc<a<W, skiadion, an umbel). D. C. coll. mem. 5.
p. 44. t. 11. prod. 4. p. 140.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx 5, subu-
late, permanent (f. 63. c.). Petals obovate, nearly elliptic, ob-
tuse, entire, flat, with an inflexed point. Stylopodium conical,
permanent ; styles very short, reflexed. Fruit oval-oblong or
ovate (f. 63. 6.), attenuated at the apex; mericarps with 5
thick, corky ribs (f. 63. a.), 2 lateral ribs marginating ; vittae
nearly straight, 1 in each furrow, and 2 in the commissure.
Seed sub-setniterete. Carpophore bipartite. — American gla-
brous herbs. Stems angular, fistular, branched a foot high
and more, with very few leaves. Leaves pinnate or palmate ;
leaflets linear, elongated, entire, articulated near the base, at
which places the leaflets fall off: lower and upper ones un-
divided, linear, and elongated. Involucra and involucels of
many leaves. Flowers white. — This is an intermediate genus
between CEndnthe and Mthusa, but it differs from both, and
from all its allies in the petals being flat and entire ; it differs
particularly from SEthusa in the calyx being 5-toothed, in the
vittae of the commissure being straightisb, and in the involucra
and involucels being of many leaves ; from Seseli in the stylo-
podium being conical ; and from CEndnthe in the carpophore
being distinct.
1 C. DIGITA TUM (D. C. 1. C. t.
1 1. f. A.) leaves palmate ; leaflets
3, linear, quite entire ; fruit ovate
at the base, but attenuated at the
neck. — Native of North America,
on plains of the Arkansa River.
CEnanthe digitata, Nutt. mss.
Umbels few-flowered. Involu-
crum of a few unequal leaves :
leaves of involucel subulate, very
short. Rays of umbel very
long.
Digitate-leaved Cynosciadium.
PI. 1 to 1| foot.
2 C. PINNA'TUM (D. C. 1. c.
t. 11. f. B.) leaves pinnate ; leaf-
lets distant, few pairs, linear,
quite entire : terminal one very long ; fruit oval-oblong. — Na-
tive of North America, along with the preceding species.
.^Ethusa pinnata, Nutt. mss. Pedicels a little longer than the
leaves of the involucel. Leaves of involucrum 7-8, nearly
equal, linear-subulate.
Pinnate-leaved Cynosciadium. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. Sow the seeds in the open ground, and the plants will
rise and flower and seed freely.
LXV. ^ETHU'SA (from m0w, aitho, to burn ; acrid taste).
Lin. gen. no. 141. exclusive of some species. Hoffin. umb.
p. 95. t. 1. f. 5. Spreng. prod. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 96. Koch,
umb. p. 111. D. C. prod. 4. p. 141. — Wepferia, Heist.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point : outer ones
radiating. Fruit ovate-globose ; mericarps with 5 elevated,
thick, acutely keeled ribs : lateral ribs marginal, and a little
broader than the rest, girded by a somewhat winged keel ; vittse
1 in each furrow, and with 2 arched ones in the commissure.
Seed semi-globose. Carpophore bipartite. — Erect, annual, poi-
sonous herbs. Leaves uniform, multifid. Involucrum wanting
Rr
306
UMBELLIFER^E. LXV. jEtausA. LXVI. FOZNICULUM.
or of 1 leaf ; involucels of 3 or 5 spreading, or pendulous, seta-
ceous leaves, situated on the outside of the umbellules, that is,
unilateral. Flowers white. Three species of this genus are
admitted, but they are probably only varieties of one.
1 SL. CYNA'PIUM (Lin. spec. p. 367.) leaflets wedge-shaped,
decurrent, with lanceolate segments ; rays of umbel nearly
equal ; involucrum wanting ; involucels of 3 leaves, which are
longer than the umbellules. (•)• H. Native throughout the
whole of Europe, in cultivated grounds : a common weed.
Smith, engl. bot. 1192. Curt. lond. fasc. 1. t. 18. Bull. herb,
t. 91. Hayn. arz. gew. 1. t. 35. Hoflfm. umb. p. 97. Cori-
andrum cynapium, Crantz, fl. aust. p. 221. Cicuta cynapium,
Targ. ist. bot. Cynapium, Riv. pentap. irr. t. 76. Cicutaria
tenuifolia, Raii, syn. 215. C. fatua, Lob. icon. 2. p. 280. f. 1.
Herb erect, lurid green, fetid, and reckoned dangerous. Great
carelessness can alone cause this weed to be mistaken for garden
parsley ; yet such an accident sometimes happens. The 3 long
pendulous bracteas under each umbellule distinguish it from all
its tribe. Dr. Bigelow, of Boston in New England, observed
this jEthilsa to be without scent in America, but seeds trans-
mitted by him produced plants with the same nauseous garlick
flavour as those of Great Britain. Some curious facts of a
similar nature have been observed. The flowers of Hesperis
matronalis are said to lose their scent in America, after the first
generation.
Dog's-poison, or Common Fool's-parsley. Fl. July, Aug.
Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 IE. CYNAPIOI'DES (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 227. suppl. p. 233.)
segments of the leaves oblong, acute ; rays of umbel nearly
equal ; involucrum wanting ; involucel of 3 leaves, which are
shorter than the umbellule ; vittse in the commissure contiguous
at the base. Q. H. Native of the Ukrane, in shady places.
Hoffm. ed. 2. p. 98. and 205. and tit. f. 9. Very nearly allied
to the first species, but differs in being larger, more branched,
and 3 feet in height, or more.
Cynapium-like Fool's-parsley. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
3 IE. ELAVTA (Friedlander, ex Fisch. cat. hort. gor. 1813. p.
45.) segments of the leaves bluntish ; involucrum usually of 1
leaf; involucels of 1-3 leaves, which are longer than the um-
bellules ; outer rays of umbel longest ; pedicels twice the length
of the fruit. Q. H. Native of Podolia. HofFm. umb. ed.
2. p. 98. Besser. enum. p. 54. Horn. cat. 4. hort. hafn.
suppl. p. 34. Petals white, not as in JE. cynapium, greenish
at the base. Styles purple after flowering. The plant is said
to be edible, and not poisonous as the others.
Tall Fool's-parsley. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in the open ground.
LXVI. FCENrCULUM (the Latin name of the fennel, from
foenum, hay ; the smell of the plant resembling that of hay).
'Adans. fam. 2. p. 101. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 105. t. 23. Hoffm.
umb. p. 120. t. 1. f. 13. e. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 99. Koch,
umb. p. 112. D. C. prod. 4. p. 142. — Anethum species of
Lin. — Meum species of Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx tumid,
obsolete, toothless. Petals roundish, entire, involute, with a
rather square retuse point. Transverse section of fruit nearly
terete ; mericarps with 5 prominent, bluntly keeled ribs : lateral
ribs marginal, and a little broader than the rest ; vittae 1 in each
furrow, and 2 in the commissure. Seed somewhat semi-terete.
—Biennial or perennial herbs. Roots fusiform. Stems terete,
striated, branched. Leaves triply pinnate, decompound : with
linear, setaceous leaflets. Involucra and involucels almost wanting.
Flowers yellow. — This genus differs from Anethum with which
it was formerly combined, by the mericarps being more turgid :
having the margin rather more compressed than the back ; and
the transverse section of the fruit is therefore nearly terete, or
with the margin rather compressed.
1 F. VULGA'RE (Ray, syn. 217. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 105.)
stem terete at the base ; leaves bipinuate, distich ; leaflets awl-
shaped, drooping ; umbels 13-20-rayed ; involucra and invo-
lucels wanting. If. . H. Native of Europe, in exposed, uncul-
tivated places ; in Britain, on chalky cliffs, very plentiful ; and
of Caucasus, near Baku, and in the plains between Sallian and
Lenkeron. Anethum Fceniculum, Lin. spec. 722. Smith, engl.
bot. t. 1208. Mill. fig. t. 13. Hayne, arz. gew. 7. t. 18. Fce-
niculum officinale, All. pedem. no. 1359. Meum Foeniculum,
var. a, Spreng. prod. p. 32. and in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 433.
Ligusticum Fceniculum, Roth. germ. 1. p. 124. Fceniculum,
Math, valgr. 2. p. 135. f. 1. Cam. epit. p. 534. f. 1. The taste
and aromatic flavour of this our garden fennel are well known,
and has long been an inmate of our gardens. The tender stalks
are used in salads ; the leaves boiled enter into many fish sauces.
The sweet and warm seeds are a common carminative medicine
for infants. The blanched stalks of the next species, F. dulce,
called Jinocchio, are eaten with oil, vinegar, and pepper, as a cold
salad, and they arQ likewise sometimes put into -soups. This
thickened part is blanched by earthing up, and is then very
tender. " Owing to the peculiar nature of this species," Mr.
Neill observes, " it is more tender than the common fennel,
and often perishes in the course of the winter. Misled by this
circumstance, several horticultural writers describe it as an
annual plant, under the name of Anethum segetum." All are
raised from seed, of which half an ounce is sufficient for a seed-
bed 4 feet by 6 feet. Sometimes also they are raised from
offsets from the old plants, where only a few are wanted. Sow
in the spring in light earth, either in drills from 6-12 inches
apart, or broad cast and raked in. When the plants are 3 or 4
inches high, thin or transplant a quantity 15 inches asunder.
As the roots of old plants divide into offsets, these may be slipped
off in spring, summer, or autumn, and planted a foot apart.
They will produce immediate leaves for present supply and in
continuance ; or for immediate larger supply of leaves, you may
procure some established full roots, and plant as above ; let
them be well watered. The same plants remain several years
by the root ; but as fennel sends up strong stems for seed in
summer, these, or a part of them, should be cut down, to encou-
rage a production of young leaves below in succession. It is
apt to spread more than is desirable, if suffered to seed. The
swelling stems of the Finbcchio or F. dulce, when of some toler-
able substance, should be earthed up on each side 5 or 6 inches
to blanch them white and tender. This will be effected in 10
days or a fortnight ; and by successive sowings or cutting down
plants during summer, successive crops of blanched stalks may
be had from June to December. In procuring seed, permit
some of the best flower-stems to shoot ; and they will produce
large umbels of seeds in autumn.
Common Fennel. Fl. Jul. Aug. Brit. PI. 4 to 6 feet.
2 F. DU'LCE (C. Bauh. pin. p. 147.) stem rather compressed
at the base ; radical leaves rather distich : leaves all tripinnate ;
with capillary elongated leaflets ; umbels 6-8-rayed. $ . H.
Native of Italy, and Portugal, where it is cultivated for the sake
of the blanched stalks, under the name of Finocchio. Finocchio
dulce, Targ. cors. agr. 2. p. 52. Anethum dulce, D. C. cat.
hort. monsp. p. 78. Fceniculum dulce, &c. J. Bauh. hist. 3.
p. 4. with a figure. It differs from the preceding species in
being hardly a foot high, in the earlier florescence, in the darker
hue, in the stalks being edible, and in the characters given
above. The use of this kind of fennel is given above with the
common fennel.
Sweet Fennel or Finocchio. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? PI. 1 ft.
UMBELLIFERiE. LXVI. FCSNICULUM. LXVII. KUKDMANNIA. LXVIII. DEVERRA. LXIX. SORA'NTHUS. 307
3 F. PIPERI'TUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 142.) stem terete ; leaflets
subulate, very short, stiff, thick; umbels 8-10-rayed. I/. H.
Native of the south of Europe, especially in Sicily, Sardinia,
Portugal, &c. Anethum Fceniculum /3, piperitum, D. C. cat.
hort. monsp. p. 79. Meum piperitum, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 435.
Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 345. Foeniculum asininum, Cup. hort.
cath. 79. ex Bert. The plant is called Finocchio d'asino, or
Asses' finocchio, by the Sicilians ; it has a hot biting taste, hence
the specific name.
Pepper Fennel. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI. 4 to 6 ft.
4 F. PANMO'RIUM (D.C. prod. 4. p. 142.) stem erect, branched ;
leaves supra-decompound ; umbels of 10-12 unequal rays ; fruit
oblong, deeply furrowed, destitute of wings. O- H. Native
of the East Indies, where it is cultivated under the name of
Panmuhooree or Mudhoorika. Anethum Panmorium, Roxb.
hort. beng. p. 22. journ. hot. 1814. vol. 2. p. 188. Said to be
very like common fennel.
Panmuhoree Fennel. PL 2 to 3 feet.
5 F. CAPE'NSE (D. C. 1. c.) root fleshy ; radical leaves tri-
pinnate ; leaflets filiform, setaceously acuminated, fastigiate. —
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in the interior of the country.
Anethum Fceniculum, Thunb. prod. p. 51. Anethum Capense,
Thunb. fl. cap. 262. Root esculent. Flowers unknown. Cha-
misso and Schlechtendal refer to this the Avpium radice crassa
aromatica of Burm. afr. p. 197. t. 72. f. 1.
Cape Fennel. PL 2 to 3 feet ?
Cult. See the first species for the culture and propagation of
the rest.
LXVII. KUNDMA'NNI A (Kundmann, a botanist known to
Scopoli). Scop. intr. (1777.) p. 116. no. 332. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 143. — Brignolia, Bertol. in Desv. journ. 4. (1815.) p. 76.
amcen. ital. 97. Koch, umb. p. 107. — Campderia, Lag. am. nat.
2. p. 99. (1821.)
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed,
increased a little after flowering. Petals roundish, entire, invo-
lute, with a broad retuse segment : stylopodium conical ; styles
short, somewhat reflexed. Fruit terete, 10-furrowed; mericarps
with 5 filiform, obtuse, equal ribs : lateral ribs marginal ; vittae
many, both in the furrows and commissure. Carpophore undi-
vided. A glabrous perennial herb. Root fusiform. Radical
leaves rarely undivided, but usually pinnate, or bipinnate ; leaf-
lets ovate or lanceolate, serrated ; upper leaves ternate, and jagged.
Umbels compound, terminal, of many rays. Involucra and invo-
lucels of many filiform reflexed leaves. Flowers yellow. This
genus is very nearly allied to Fceniculum, but differs in the calyx
being 5-toothed and permanent.
1 K. SicutA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 143.). 7£.H. Nativeofthe
Balearic Islands, Spain, Mauritania, Corsica, Sicily ; and in Italy
in waste fields about Rome, and on hills about Genoa ; and the
islands of the Archipelago, as in Melos, Samos, &c. SiumSiculum,
Lin. spec. 362. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 133. D. C. fl. fr. 6. p. 507.
Ligusticum Balearicum, Lin. mant. 218. Brignolia pastinacae-
folia, Bert, in Desv. journ. 4. p. 76. amcen. 97. Mauri, fasc.
rom. alt. p. 8. t. 2. Presl. delic. p. 132. Guss. prod. fl. sic.
1. p. 387. Campderia Sicula, Lag. 1. c. Myrrhis Sicula pastina-
cifolia et pastinacae foliis late virentibus, Tourn. herb. Athaman-
ta Sicula Ucria, hort. panorm. p. 137. p. 542. Sium Grae'cum,
Lin. hort. cliff. 98. ? Sieb. pi. exsic. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 542.
Zan. hist. ed. Mont. 171. t. 128. There are varieties of this
plant, having the leaves of the involucels either the length of
the umbellules, or one half shorter than them.
Sicilian Kundmannia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1686. PL 2 feet.
Cult. — The plant will grow in any soil, and is easily increased
by dividing at the root, or by seed.
LXVIII. DEVE'RR A (a goddess worshipped by the ancients
for encouraging housewifery, or rather the goddess of brooms ;
the plant having much the appearance of a broom,) D. C. coll.
mem. 5. p. 45. prod. 4. p. 143. Bubon species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obso-
lete. Petals ovate, acuminated, with an inflexed point. Styles
short, at length divaricate. Fruit ovate, or roundish, rather com-
pressed from the sides, rough from scales or spreading pili ; meri-
carps semi-terete, with obsolete ribs ; vittae 1 in each furrow, and
2 in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. — Aromatic, leafless,
glaucous, stiff, broom-like subshrubs, natives of Africa. Pe-
tioles sheathing, permanent ; limbs of leaves wanting in the adult
plants, or nearly so ; but in young plants they are small and
many-parted, with setaceously linear leaves. Umbels of few
rays. Involucra of 4-6 small deciduous leaves ; involucels of
4-6 ovate-lanceolate, deciduous leaves, with membranous mar-
gins. Flowers white.
SECT. I. DIVERRAVKIA (an alteration from the generic name).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 143. Fruit villous or hispid.
1 D. APHY'LLA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 143.) stems twiggy ; sheaths
all bereft of the limbs ; fruit very hispid. fj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope, at Warmwaterberg. Bubon aphyllus,
Cham, et Schlecht. 1. p. 389.
Var. jj. Burchellii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 1 43.) young fruit beset
with short, tubercular villi. fy . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Very like the species, but the fruit is much less
villous, and is therefore perhaps distinct.
Leafless Diverra. Shrub.
2 D. TORTUOSA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 143.) stem much branched,
twisted, divaricate ; lower sheaths furnished with divided limbs,
bearing subulate leaflets ; fruit sparingly villous. fj . F. Native
of the north of Africa.
Var. a, virgata (D. C. prod. 4. p. 143.) stem twiggy, bent a
little. \i . F. Native of the kingdom of Tunis, near Kerouan.
Bubon tortuosus, Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 357. t. 73. Poir. suppl. 1.
p. 733.
Var. ft, rigidior (D. C. prod. 4. p. 144.) stem much branched,
stiff. fy . F. Native of Egypt, at the Pyramids. Bubon tor-
tuosus, Sieb. herb, egypt. Crithmum Pyrenaicum, Forsk. ex
Delile, ill. fl. eg. p. 10. Athamantha tortuosa, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 900.
Twisted Diverra. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1826. Shrub 1 foot.
SECT. II. PITURA'NTHOS (from irirvpov, pituron, scurf, and
av0oc, anthos, a flower ; in allusion to the fruit bearing scurf-
like scales). D. C. prod. 4. p. 144. Fruit covered with scales.
3 D. PITURA'NTHOS (D. C. 1. c.) stem twiggy; branches elon-
gated, leafless, but furnished with sheaths ; involucra, involucels,
and fruit covered with scurf-like scales. Tj . F. Native of Ly-
bia, in the north of Africa. Pithuranthos denudatus, Viv. fl.
lib. p. 15. t. 7. f. 1-2. Bunium pituranthos, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 901. Habit nearly of D. tortuosa.
Scurfy-flowered Diverra. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit the species
of Diverra ; and they can only be increased by seeds.
LXIX. SORA'NTHUS (from trtopog, soros, aheap, and avBoe,
anthos, a flower ; in reference to the close capitate umbels of
flowers). Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 82. fl. alt. 1. p. 344. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 669.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obso-
letely toothed. Petals broad-oval, permanent, with an inflexed
point. Fruit a little compressed from the back, crowned by the
divaricate styles : the transverse section elliptic ; mericarps with
5 hardly prominent, equal ribs : lateral ribs marginating ; vittae
1 in each furrow, and 4 in the commissure. Carpophore bipar-
R r 2
308
UMBELLIFER^E. LXIX. SORANTHUS. LXX. SESELI.
tite. — An erect herb, with a habit between Seseli and CEnanlhe,
but differs from the first in the teeth of the calyx being obso-
lete, in the petals being broad-ovate, not obovate, and in the
ribs of the fruit being less prominent ; and from the last in the
shape of the petals, in the styles and in the carpophore being
present.
1 S. MEYE'RI (Led. 1. c.). I/ • H. Native of Siberia, at the
river Irtysch, not far from the lake called Noor-Saisan ; and at
the river Bekin, in sandy places. Root fusiform. Stem erect,
striated, simple at the base, and usually bearing 3-4 verticillate
branches at the apex ; branches leafless, or furnished with mem-
branous scales in the middle. Radical leaves 3-4, tripinnate :
leaflets linear; cauline leaves 1-2. Umbels of 10-15 rays, of
these 4 are longer than the rest. Involucra wanting, rarely
of 1 leaf; involucels of C-8 leaves, which are ovate-lanceolate,
pilose on the outside, and ciliated, shorter than the umbellules.
Flowers sessile in the umbellules : outer ones female : interme-
diate ones hermaphrodite : central ones male.
Meyer's Soranthus. PI. \\ to 3 feet.
Cult. This plant will grow in any soil, and is easily increased
by seed.
LXX. SE'SELI (Scycelyous is the Arabic name of an umbel-
liferous plant, but to what plant it was given is now unknown).
Lin. gen. no. 360. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 103. D. C. coll. mem.
5. p. 46. t. 3. f. R. prod. 4. p. 144. — Seseli and Bubon species,
Spreng. — Seseli species, Koch.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed ;
teeth short, thickish, and sometimes obliterated. Petals ob-
ovate, coarctate into an inflexed point at the apex, emarginate or
nearly entire. Fruit oval or oblong (f. 55. D. a. E. a.), with
the transverse section nearly terete, and crowned by the styles,
which are reflexed (f. 55. D.b.E.b.); mericarps with 5 pro-
minent filiform or elevated thick corky ribs ; lateral ribs mar-
ginating, and a little broader than the rest ; vittse one in each
furrow, but there are sometimes 2 in the outer furrows, and always
2 in the commissure, but very rarely 4. Seed somewhat semi-te-
rete.-— Usually glaucous biennial or perennial herbs. Leaves pin-
nate or ternately decompound. Involucrum wanting or almost so ;
involucels of many leaves. Flowers white, very rarely yellow.
SECT. I. HIPPOMA'RATHRUM (from ITTTTOJ, hippos, a horse, and
fiapaOpov, maratliron, fennel ; horse fennel). Rivin, Roehl, but
not of Link, D. C. prod. 4. p. 144. Involucra wanting. Leaves
of involucels joined together nearly to the apex into abowl-shaped
cup, having a toothed margin.
1 S. HIPPOMA'RATHRUM (Lin. spec. 373.) stem terete, usually
branched at the apex, and nearly naked ; leaves glaucous, bi-
pinnate ; leaflets linear, trifid, acutish ; petioles dilated and
sheathing ; fruit smoothish ; involucel cup-shaped. I/ . H. Na-
tive of Alsatia, Piedmont, and Germany, on chalky hills and
rocks. Jacq. fl. austr. 2. t. 143. Slum Hippomarathrum,
Roth, fl. germ. 1. p. 128. Seseli articulatum, Crantz, fl. austr.
p. 205. t. 5. f. 1-1'. Hippomarathrum pelviforme, fl. wett. st.
Hipp, vulgare, Rcehl. Hippomarathrum, Riv. pent, irreg. t.
67. Flowers white. Umbels smoothish, not tomentose as in S.
leucospermum. Fruit pubescent while young, but glabrous or
nearly so when mature. The wild plant is nearly simple, but
the plant branches when cultivated in a garden.
Var. |3, hebecdrpum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 144.) fruit beset with
down, even in the mature state. If. H. Native of Siberia.
Nearly allied to S. tomentosum, but the habit is more that of S.
Hippomarathrum, and the umbel is downy, not tomentose.
Horse-fennel. Fl. July. Clt. 1656. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 S. TOMENTOSUM (Vis. dalm. spec. p. 6. t. 3. f. 1.) stem sim-
ple, terete ; leaves biternate or triternate : leaflets filiform, chan-
nelled : upper ones ternate ; involucra wanting ; involucel cup-
shaped, and is, as well as the fruit, tomentose from stellate
down. Tlf. H. Native of Dalmatia, on stony hills towards the
sea. This species is intermediate between S. Hippomarathrum
and S. leucospermum, nevertheless it is more nearly allied to the
former than to the latter.
Tomentose Meadow-saxifrage. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
SECT. II. HIPPOMARATHROIDES (agreeing with the plants in
section Hippomarathrum ; hence the name). D. C. coll. diss.
5. p. 47. prod. 4. p. 144. Involucra wanting or of few leaves.
Leaves of the involucels joined to each other, particularly at the
base. Flowers white.
3 S. LEDEBOU'RII ; stem a little branched ; leaves glaucous,
bipinnate or tripinnate ; leaflets ternate, with the segments linear,
upper sheaths ventricose, nearly leafless ; involucrum of one
lanceolate leaf; involucel cup-shaped, divided at the apex into
long acuminated marcescent segments, about equal in length
to the flowering umbellule ; fruit prismatic, on short pedicels,
pilose. If. H. Native of Altaia, in dry grassy places at the
river Irtysch, near Loktewsk andSmejow. S. Hippomarathrum,
Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 335. Bess. enum. pi. volh. p. 13. no. 366.
Ledebour's Meadow-saxifrage. PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
4 S. BICHO'TOMUM (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 235. suppl. p. 245.)
stem terete, erect, clothed with fine down ; lower branches short :
superior ones longer than the central umbel ; leaves pinnate ;
leaflets multifid, with the segments linear ; involucrum wanting ;
leaves of involucels joined together to about the middle, but
ovate and mucronate in the free parts. If. . H. Native of Tau-
ria, on chalky hills. Sims, hot. mag. t. 2073. Bubon rigidior,
Spreng. pug. 2. no. 101. and Biibon rigidus var. /3, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 900. Plant glaucous.
Dichotomous Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 S. GUMMIFERUM (Smith, exot. bot. t. 120.) stem terete,
thick, stiff, branched at the top, clothed with fine pubescence ;
leaves tripinnate, glaucous ; leaflets cuneated, trifid ; involucra.
of few leaves, rarely wanting ; umbels 20-rayed ; leaves of in-
volucel joined together nearly the length of the pedicels into an
expanded disk, having the free parts subulate, and exceeding the
umbellules. $ . H. Native of Tauria. Sims, bot. mag. 2259.
Bubon rigidus var. a, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 497. B.
eriocephalus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 900. Stem yielding a gum
when cut. This is a showy plant, 2-3 feet high. Flowers white,
tinged with pink.
Var. crithmifolia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 145.) stem, rays of um-
bels, and upper leaves rather velvety ; segments of leaves elon-
gated ; central umbel surrounded by a 10-12-leaved involucrum.
If. . H. Native of Greece and the islands of the /Egean sea.
Apium Grsecum saxatile crithmifolio, Tourn. cor. 21. voy. 1. p.
230. with a figure. Athamantha crithmifolia, Juss. herb. Per-
haps a proper species.
Gum-bearing Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1804.
PI. 3 to 4 feet.
6 S. RIGIDUM (Waldst. et Kit. rar. hung. 2. p. 156. t. 146.)
stem terete, thick, rather tomentose, stiff, sparingly branched ;
leaves glaucous, three or four times pinnate ; leaflets linear,
stiff, mucronate, rather pungent, usually trifid; involucrum none ;
umbel 20-rayed; leaves of involucel joined together at the base,
equal in length to the umbellule; fruit tomentose. If. H. Na-
tive of Hungary, in the fissures of calcareous rocks. Bubon
rigidus var. y, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 497. exclusive of
the synonyme of Besser. Bubon rigidus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 900.
.S^ Meadow-saxifrage. Fl.^June, Aug. Clt. 1710. PI. 1^ ft.
7 S. CUNEIFOLIUM (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 230. and suppl. 244.
exclusive of the synonymes,) stem unknown ; leaves several times
UMBELLIFER^E. LXX. SESELI.
309
pinnate ; leaflets broad, cuneiform, forked : superior ones ob-
long, entire ; leaves of involucels very short, joined together at
the base; fruit villous. If.. H. Native of Eastern Caucasus, in
subalpine situations. Bubon cuneifblius, Spreng. syst. l.p. 900.
Wedge-leafleted Meadow-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot ?
8 S. PEUCEDANIFOLIUM (Bess. enum. cont. p. 44.) stem terete,
sparingly branched at the apex, glaucous ; leaves triternate ;
leaflets linear-lanceolate, acuminated ; sheaths adpressed ; invo-
lucrum almost wanting ; leaves of involucel subulate, joined
together at the base ; flowers nearly sessile ; fruit velvety from
flocky short down. !£.? H. Native of the south of Podolia.
Trev. in act. bonn. 13. p. 172. in a note. S. proliferum, Spreng.
in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 402. 1 Bubon peucedanifolius, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 900. Involucrum sometimes of few leaves.
Peucedanum-leaved Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1818. PI. 1 foot.
9 S. LEUCOSPE'RMUM (Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 1. p. 92.
t. 89.) stem terete, flexuous, branched at the apex ; leaves
glaucous, decompound ; leaflets setaceous, linear ; petioles di-
lated, and sheathing ; involucrum usually of one leaf; leaves
of involucels subulate, joined together at the base, and are
as well as the fruit puberulous. 3£ . or $ . H. Native of
Pannonia, about Buda on chalky hills. Athamantha leucos-
perma, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 534. Very nearly allied to S. Hippo-
mdrathrum, but differs in the leaves of the involucel being
joined only at the base, not to the apex. Umbellules dense.
Fruit with elevated corky ribs and narrow furrows, ex Koch,
umb. p. 110.
White-seeded Meadow-saxifrage, Fl. July. Clt. 1805. PI.
1| foot.
SECT. III. EUSE'SELI (so called from containing what are con-
sidered the true species of the genus). D. C. prod. 4. p. 145.. —
Seseli vera, Koch, umb. p. 110. — Hippomarathrum, Duby, in
D. C. bot. gall. 1. p. 234. but not of Link, nor Rivin. Invo-
lucra wanting or of few leaves. Leaves of involucels distinct, or
sometimes somewhat concrete at the very base.
* Flowers yellow.
10 S. GRA'CILE (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 122. 1. 117.) stem
terete ; leaves triternate ; leaflets triangularly seta'ceous, very
thin and rather flaccid ; rays of umbel elongated ; involucra
wanting or nearly so, very short. If. . H. Native of Pannonia
and Transylvania, on calcareous ro«ks. Baumg. fl. trans, l.p.
238. Flowers yellow ; petals oval-oblong, incurved at the apex.
Caudex ascending. Flowering stems erect. Sheaths of leaves
entire. Fruit elliptic and smooth, like the rest of the plant.
Umbels opposite the leaves, drooping before expansion.
Slender Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1805. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
11 S. TRITERNA'TUM (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 197.) root
fusiform ; leaves sheathing a long way, ternate, biternate, or
triternate : leaflets or segments elongated, linear or linear-lan-
ceolate, quite entire, petiolulate ; stem leafy at the base ; um-
bels compound, with nearly equal rays ; umbellules capitate ;
flowers dioecious or polygamous ; immature fruit oblong, some-
what cylindrical ; mericarps with 5 elevated acute ribs : involu-
crum and involucels wanting, y.. H. Native of North Ame-
rica, about the Columbia river ; common on the dry gravelly
soils near Fort Vancouver. Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 264. t.
94. This has much the habit of S. leiocdrpum. Petals invo-
lute entire. Teeth of calyx obsolete. Flowers yellow.
Triternate-\eaved Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1828. PI. 2 feet.
12 S. DIVARICA^TUM (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. p. 732.) stem dicho-
tomous, leafy ; leaves petiolate, with short sheaths, bipinnate or
tripinnatifid ; segments linear-oblong, acute, short ; peduncles
lateral and terminal ; rays of umbels equal ; leaves of invo-
lucels linear-subulate ; fruit roundish-ovate, crowned by the
calycine teeth ; mericarps rough, with 5 elevated ribs and many
vittae. i; . H. Native of North America, on the banks of the
Missouri ; and about Carlton House upon the Saskatchawan.
Sims, bot. mag. 1742. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 194. S. lucidum,
Fras. cat. 1813. Marathrum, Rafin. journ. phys. 1820. Flowers
yellow. The vittae are numerous, and abound in powerfully
aromatic oil.
Divaricate Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1812.
PI. 1 foot.
13 S. LEIOCA'RPUM (Hook, in fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 263. t. 93.)
leaves with long sheaths, triternate or triternately pinnate ; leaf-
lets petiolate, oblong, entire, attenuated or trifid, glaucous; stem
nearly naked ; umbels compound, with the rays very unequal ;
umbellules capitate ; flowers dioecious or polygamous ; imma -
ture fruit very smooth ; involucra and involucels wanting. If. .
H. Native of the north-west coast of America ; on gravelly
soils near Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia. Flowers yellowish.
Styles reflexed.
Smooth-fruited Meadow-saxifrage. PI. ^ foot.
14 S. DEFOLIA'TUM (Led. fl. ross. alt. 1. p. 343.) radical
leaves early, caducous ; stem furnished with leafless sheaths ;
involucra and involucels of few leaves. If.. H. Native of Si-
beria, in the Kirghisean Steppe, in sandy wet salt situations.
Plant with the habit of Ferula salsa. Root perpendicular. Stems
solitary, simple at the base, divided into floriferous branches
from the middle, which are branched again. Flowers yellow,
polygamous. Carpels with 5 prominent equal filiform ribs ;
vittae one in each furrow, and 2 in the commissure.
Defoliate Meadow-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
* * Flowers white.
15 S. ELAXTUM (Gouan, ill. 16. t. 8.) stem rather dichoto-
mous, terete, few-leaved ; leaves bipinnate : leaflets linear-fili-
form, stifflsh ; involucra almost wanting ; fruit ovate, tubercular
while young, but glabrous in the adult state, crowned by the
calyx. 7£ . H. Native of the south of France, Italy, &c. in
open situations. Gmel. syst. p. 489. D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 284.
Spreng. utnb. spec. 118. exclusive of the first and perhaps of the
second synonyme. S. elatum, Lin. spec. p. 375. is very probably
a distinct plant. — Lob. icon. t. 727. f. 2. Plant glaucous.
Var. j3, ligulate (D. C. prod. 4. p. 146.) superior cauline
leaves long-linear, quite entire. Native country unknown, but
is usually to be found in gardens, under the name of S. glaucum.
Tall Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1710. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
16 S. VA'RIUM (Trev. ind. sem. wratis. 1808. nov. act. bonn.
13. p. 168.) stem terete; branches few, erect; petioles fur-
rowed, as well as the leaves, which are tripinnate ; leaflets linear,
glabrous, glaucous ; involucrum almost wanting ; leaves of invo-
lucels short, subulate ; fruit oblong, glabrous, not crowned. If. .
H. Native of Caucasus and Austria. S. varium, Koch, umb.
p. 110. S. Tauricum, Link, in Spreng. syst. 1. p. 884. but not
of Koch. S. glaucum, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 234. suppl. p. 241.
ex Trev. Differs from S. monttinum and S. Pallasii, in the fruit
not being crowned by the teeth of the calyx,
Var. ft, brachycdrpum (Bess, in litt. 1828.) fruit shorter, y..
H. S. chaerophylloides, Hortul. but not of Thunb. Perhaps a
proper species.
Various Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 ft.
17 S. JU'NCEUM (Sibth, et Smith, fl. graec. prod. 1. p. 200.)
stem much branched, divaricate, stiff", glabrous ; leaves rather
glaucous : radical ones triternate ; leaflets 'keeled, trifurcate ;
cauline petioles very short, spreading ; umbels solitary, few-
310
UMBELLIFER.S. LXX. SESELI.
flowered, y., H. Native of Greece. Perhaps sufficiently dis-
tinct from S. montanum.
Rushy Meadow-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
18 S. MONTA'NUM(D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 285. and suppl. p. 505.)
stem striated ; leaves glaucous, bipinnate, with entire sheaths,
and narrow-linear mucronulate leaflets ; involucra of 1-3 leaves,
and the involucels of many linear-subulate leaves ; fruit elliptic,
glaucous, glabrous, or clothed with fine pubescence. If. . H.
Native from France to Tauria, in open mountainous places.
Var. a, laxiusculum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 1 46.) leaflets flat ; um-
bels rather loose ; ribs of fruit triangular, rather prominent.
y.. H. S. mont&num, Lin. spec. p. 372. Schultes, syst. 6. p.
397. Koch, umb. p. 110.— Lob. icon. t. 77.
Var. ft, glaucum (D. C. 1. c.) leaflets with an elevated nerve ;
umbellules crowded ; ribs of fruit filiform. S. glaucum, Lin.
spec. p. 372. Schultes et Koch, 1. c. Jacq. austr. 1. t. 45. S.
osseum, Crantz. austr. p. 207.
Var. y, mullicaule(D. C. prod. 4. p. 147.) stem multiple at the
base; leaves strictly adpressed. 1£. H. S. multicaule, Retz.
obs. 3. p. 27. Jacq. hort. vind. 2. t. 129.
Var. S, peucedanifolium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 147.) leaflets elon-
gated. Tf.. H. S. peucedanifolium, Merat, fl.par. p. 115. S.
elatum, Thuill. par. p. 118.
Mountain Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1659.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
19 S. PALLA'SII (Bess. cat. hort. crem. 1816. p. 130.) stem
terete, branched at the top ; leaves bipinnate or tripinnate ;
leaflets trifid ; segments linear, flat, acutish, glabrous, glaucous ;
upper leaves trifid or undivided ; involucra wanting ; leaves of
involucels subulate, very short ; fruit ovate, glabrous, crowned
by the short 5-toothed calyx. If. . H. Native of Russia. D. C.
mem. soc. gen. vol. 4. S. crassifolium, Schrad. and Hort. Um-
bels lOrrayed. Fruit elegantly striated with fuscous vittae.
Petiolar sheaths narrow, elongated. Allied to S. eldtum, but
the fruit is not tubercled when young ; to S. leucospermum, but
the fruit is glabrous. According to Koch, it is a variety of S.
glaucum.
Pallas s Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 ft.
20 S. TKNUIFOLIUM (Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 97. fl. alt. 1. p.
333.) stem branched, flexuous ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets linear,
stiffish ; involucrum almost wanting; involucels short; fruit
prismatic, tubercularly warted, rather shorter than the pedicels ;
receptacle with a membranous margin. If. . H. Native of Al-
taia, in dry open sterile places near Ustkamenogorsk, and in the
Kirghisean steppe, between the first mentioned place and Ab-
laikit. Plant glaucescent. Stems many. Leaves with 5 oppo-
site pinnae, and each pinna bearing 3 or 5, usually entire leaf-
lets. Umbels 6-8-rayed. Involucrum usually wanting, rarely
of one setaceous leaf; involucels of 7-8 small lanceolate mem-
branous acuminated reflexed leaves. Styles and teeth of calyx
reflexed on the fruit.
Fine-leaved Meadow-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
21 S. CORONA TDM (Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. 169. fl. alt. 1. p.
336.) stem branched ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets linear-oblong,
decurrent, entire or tripartite ; involucrum of 2 deciduous
leaves ; involucels of many lanceolate acute membranous re-
flexed leaves ; fruit at length rather prismatic, wrinkled, crowned
by the conical stylopodium. It. H. Native of Siberia, in the
Soongarian desert. Plant glaucous. Radical leaves 8-10 inches
long. Petioles dilated, and rather violaceous at the base, with
white membranous margins. Umbels 6-8-rayed. Leaves of
involucels inflexed at the points. Calyx obsoletely 5-toothed.
Styles reflexed.
Crowned Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 1£ to 2 ft.
22 S. VAGINA'TUM (Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 171. fl. alt. 1. p.
336.) plant glaucescent ; stem very simple ; radical leaves pin-
nate ; leaflets entire or trifid, nearly linear, acuminated ; invo-
lucra and involucels of many broad linear leaves, with membra-
nous margins : one of the leaves of the involucrum larger than
the rest : those of the involucels equal in length to the umbel-
lules. If.. H. Native of Dahuria, near Nertschinsk. Stem
nearly leafless, beset with sheaths, which have membranous mar-
gins, and truncate at the apex. Umbels 10-12-rayed, equal in
length. Flowers rather large. Fruit with prominent ribs.
Sheathed Meadow-saxifrage. PI. 1 to 1 j- foot.
23 S. GILLIE'SII (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 354.) plant
clothed with hoary pubescence ; stem angular ; branches few,
erect ; leaves pinnate : leaflets of the lower leaves cuneated, and
deeply toothed : of the superior ones linear and entire, or bipar-
tite ; involucra of few leaves or wanting ; leaves of involucels
linear, exceeding the pedicels ; young fruit ovate, pubescent ;
styles elongated : stigmas globose, capitate. 1£. H. Native of
Chili, in Valle de la Punta des Vacas, Andes of Mendoza. Pe-
troselinum satlvum, Hook, et Gill. I. c. p. 335. Flowers white.
The ribs of the young fruit are hardly visible.
Gillies's Meadow-saxifrage. PL 1 foot.
24 S. POLYPHY'LLUM (Ten. ind. sem. 1825. p. 12. append. 5.
fl. neap. p. 10.) stems declinate, tufted, having a few short
branches ; leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets trifid, linear,
nearly terete, fleshy, rather mucronate ; upper leaves reduced to
the sheaths; umbels 15-20-rayed ; leaves of involucel setace-
ous, shorter than the umbellules ; fruit glabrous. 1{.H. Native
of Goat's Island and elsewhere, in the kingdom of Naples. Per-
haps sufficiently distinct from S. montanum.
Many-leaved Meadow-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
25 S. CCESPITOSCM (Sibth, et Smith, fl. graec. prod. 1. p. 200.)
stem simple, nearly naked ; radical leaves tufted, flat, pinnate ;
leaflets deeply trifid: ultimate ones decurrent; involucrum of 3-5
very short leaves ; fruit cylindrical, smooth, obscurely striated.
If. . H. Native of the top of Mount Olympus. Smith, in Rees'
cycl. vol. 32. Spreng. umb. spec. 121. Radical leaves 3 lines
long.
Tufted Meadow-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
26 S. COLORA'TUM (Ehrh. herb. p. 113.) stem striated, nearly
simple ; petioles straight, sheathing ; leaves decompound, erect ;
leaflets or segments crowded, linear-cuspidate, having the mar-
gins and keel, as well as the rays of the umbel, rather puberu-
lous ; involucrum almost wanting ; leaves of involucels with
membranous edges, about equal in length to the umbellules ;
fruit glabrous, acutely ribbed. ^.orl/.H. Native of France,
Germany, Tauria, and Siberia, on mountains and hills. S.
anniunn, Lin. spec. p. 373. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 398. Jacq. fl.
austr. t. 55. hort. vind. t. 225. S. bienne, Crantz. austr. p. 204.
Slum annuum, Roth, fl. germ. 1. p. 128. Selinum dimidiatum,
D. C. fl. fr. no. 3492. and suppl. p. 503. S. carvifolium, Vill.
dauph. 2. p. 586. Carum simplex, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1410 —
Vaill. par. p. 54. t. 9. f. 4. S. alpinum, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 236. ?
but which is perhaps referrible to Cnidium venosum. Flowers
white, but often reddish when young. The plant not being an-
nual, the name given by Linnaeus is therefore not admissable.
It differs from all the other species in the leaves of the involucel
being equal in length or exceeding the umbellules.
Far. fi, minus (Wallr. sched. crit. p. 124.) stem very humble.
In dry situations.
Var. y,ferulaceum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 14 7.) leaves of involucels
exceeding the flowers, usually reflexed.
Coloured-flowered Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1817. PI. 1 foot.
27 S. STRICTUM (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 174. fl. alt. 1. p.
338.) stem branched, straight ; leaves tripinnate : leaflets linear,
elongated, straight ; petioles sheathing ; involucra wanting ; in-
volucels of many setaceous leaves, which are shorter than the
UMBELLIFER.E. LXX. SESELI. LXXI. LIBANOTIS.
311
umbellules; fruit prismatic, glabrous. <J . H. Native at the
bottoms of the Altaian mountains, frequent ; as near Sogra,
Loktewsk, Smejow, and elsewhere. Root fusiform. Rays of
umbels 15-30, angular, roughish at the angles. Umbellules with
20-30 flowers. Mericarps with 5 prominent ribs. Stylopodium
pulvinate. It differs from S. coloratum, in the leaflets of the
leaves not being roughish on the margins, in the rays of the um-
bel not being pubescent, and in the leaves of the involucel.
Far. /3 simplex ; stem simple ; leaves bipinnate : leaflets 2-3
inches long, very narrow.
Straight Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. July. Clt. 1830. PI. 1|
to 2 feet.
28 S. PUBE'RULUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 147.) stem striated;
petioles dilated at the base ; sheaths with membranous margins ;
leaves decompound : leaflets few, linear, acute, glabrous ; invo-
lucrum of one leaf; rays of umbels and fruit puberulous ; invo-
lucels shorter than the umbellules. If.. H. Native about Con-
stantinople. Sheaths and bracteas coloured at the margins.
Petals and styles purple. "Allied to S. coloratum.
Var. ft, pdllidum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 147.) sheaths less dilated,
with pale margins ; petals and styles white, or hardly reddish.
If. . H. Perhaps Selinum carvifolium, Vill. is referrible to this
variety.
Puberulous Meadow-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
29 S. TORTUOSUM (Lin. spec. p. 373.) stem striated, stiff,
much branched, divaricate ; leaves bipinnate, stiffish : leaflets
trifid : segments linear, short, acutish, with the margins and keel
rather scabrous ; petioles sheathing, oblong ; involucrum wanting
or of 1-2 leaves; umbels 5-10-rayed ; leaves of involucel about
equal in length to the umbellules. I/ . H. Native of the south
of France. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 285. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 401.
Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 342. (Enanthe rigida striata, Lin.
hort. cliff. 99. Sium tortuosum, Roth, fl. germ. 1. p. 128.— J.
Bauh. hist. 3. p. 2. t. 16. f. 1.— Lob. icon. 78. The whole
plant is glaucous and stiff, but when growing in gardens it be-
comes green and flaccid. Flowers white. Fruit rather hairy,
with triangular ribs, ex Koch, umb. p. 111.
Var. ft, Tauricum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 148.) leaves bipinnate or
tripinnate ; leaflets trifid : segments linear, elongated, hardly
glaucous. 11 . H. Native of Tauria, about Odessa ; and of
Galicia. S. tortuosum, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 285. suppl. 1. p.
242. Bess. fl. gaK 1. g. 221. Intermediate from habit between
S. torlubsum and S. campestre, but is referred to the first, from
the involucra being absent, and from the leaves of the involucels
being about equal in length to the umbellules, &c.
Var. y, Gree'cum (D. C. 1. c:) leaves bipinnate : petioles chan-
nelled; leaflets distant, trifid: segments rather broader at the
apex, obtuse. l/.H. Native of Greece. S. tortubsum, Smith,
prod. fl. grcec. no. 697. D'Urv. enum. 275.
Twisted Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1597. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
30 S. CAMPE'STRE (Bess. enum. cont. p. 44.) stem terete,
spreadingly branched at the apex, stifHsh ; leaves quadripinnate :
leaflets ternate : segments linear, acutish, flat, hardly scabrous
on the margins; involucra of 6-8 leaves; umbels 10-15-rayed ;
involucels shorter than the umbellules ; fruit oblong, puberulous.
H.. H. Native of the Ukraine and Bessarabia, in sandy fields.
Trev. act. bonn. 13. p. 170. S. arenarium, Bieb. fl. taur. suppl.
p. 242. in a note. S. tortu6sum, Trev. mag. nat. berl. 7.
p. 148.
Field Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. Ju.July. Clt. 1823. PI. 3 ft.
31 S. PETR^UM (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 235. suppl. p. 243.)
stem short, striated, branched, clothed with velvety pubescence
above, especially on the rays of the umbel and fruit ; leaves pin-
nate : leaflets pinnatifid : segments lanceolate, attenuated at the
base.. If. . H. Native of Tauria and Caucasus. Bubon glau-
cus, Spreng. umb. 1. p. 136. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 496. Um-
bellules dense, white. Pedicels thickish, shorter than the fruit.
Fruit hairy, oblong, with fine filiform ribs, ex Koch, umb. p. 1 1 1 .
Rock Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1817. PI. l£ ft.
32 S. BOCCONI (Guss. cat. pi. 1821. p. 80.) stem terete, suf-
fruticose at the base ; leaves ternately decompound : leaflets
stiff, lanceolate-cuneated, acute, rather trifid ; upper sheaths
leafless, loose ; involucra wanting ; involucels of many setaceous
leaves, which are about equal in length to the pedicels ; fruit
glabrous, ovate-oblong. I/. H. Native of Sicily on the moun-
tains among chalky rocks by the sea-side, near Palermo ; and of
Corsica, on rocks about Sagona. Spreng. neue entd. 2. p. 146.
syst. 1. p. 885. Bubon Siculus, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p.
499. exclusive of the syn. of Bieb. Crithmum Siculum, Bocc.
sic. 53. t. 27, 28. — Cup. panph. ed. 1. t. 105. ed. 2. t. 162. but
in this last table it is delineated with the stem drooping at the
apex, which is not the case.
Bocconi's Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
PI. 1 foot.
t Species not sufficiently known.
33 S. STRIA'TUM (Thunb. prod. p. 51. fl. cap. 259.) stem
terete, striated, nearly simple ; leaves tripinnate : leaflets linear-
subulate, furrowed ; involucrum of 4 leaves ; umbel contracted ;
peduncles unequal ; involucels reflexed. $ . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Stem purplish, a foot high or more.
Branches few, divaricate. Leaves of involucrum ovate-lanceo-
late, concave. Leaves glabrous.
Striated Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI.
1| foot.
34 S. CH^ROI-HYLLOI'DES (Thunb. prod. p. 51. fl. cap. p. 254.)
stem terete, striated, dichotomous at the apex ; leaves ternately
decompound : leaflets ovate, cut : segments linear, obtuse ; in-
volucra and involucels of 4 very short leaves. $ . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Sheaths of cauline leaves membra-
naceous, ventricose, entire. Stem 2 feet high and more.
Leaves glabrous, pale beneath. Leaves of involucrum ovate,
obtuse.
Chervil-like Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810.
PI. 2| feet.
35 S. PRA'GILE (Gouan. ill. p. 15.) stem unknown ; leaves
tripinnate ; leaflets ternate, brittle, articulated : segments linear ;
sheaths large, 2-lobed at the apex ; involucra none ; umbels 12-
rayed ; involucels of 7-9 leaves, which are 3 times shorter than
the umbellules. $ . H. Native country unknown, as well as
the flowers and fruit. Gouan cites under this plant the figures
in J. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 18. f. 2. Clus. hist. 2. p. 196. f. 1.
Tabern. icon. t. 97. f. 2. but these figures are very different
from each other, and therefore the plant is very doubtful.
Brittle Meadow-saxifrage. PI. li foot.
Cult. The plants of this genus are of easy culture ; they re-
quire sandy or chalky soil, and are easily increased by seeds.
Those species marked perennial prove seldom more than bien-
nial when cultivated in gardens.
LXXI. LIBANOTIS (from \ifiavoc, libanos, incense, and
not from Mount Libanon, as the name would imply ; L. vulgaris
is supposed to exhale an odour like incense). Crantz. austr. p.
222. Gsertn. fruct. 1. t. 21. D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 17. t. 3. f. 5.
prod. 4. p. 149. but not of Scop. — Athamantha, Scop, carn.no.
309. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 103. — Seseli section, Koch, umb. 111.
— Athamantha species of Lin.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. All as in Seseli but differs
in the lobes of the calyx being slender (f. 55. F. c. a.), subu-
late, elongated, coloured, and deciduous, with the base hardly
remaining ; and in the involucra and involucels being both
usually composed of many leaves. Leaves pinnate or bipinnate :
leaflets ovate, cut or multifid : lower ones usually decussate.
312
UMBELLIFER.E. LXXI. LIBANOTIS.
SECT. I. ERIOTIS (from cptov, erion, wool, and owe wroc, ous,
otos, an ear ; in allusion to the petals being covered with short
down). D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 17. t. 3. f. 5. prod. 4. p. 149.
Petals canescent from fascicles of short down (f. 55. F. g.).
1 L. BUCHTORME'NSIS (D. C. coll. mem. 5. t. 3. f. 5. mem.
soc. gen. vol. 4.) stem angular, branched ; leaves stiff, bipin-
nate, shining : leaflets broad-ovate or oblong, serrated at the
top, with the serratures mucronate ; peduncles stiff; involucrum
almost wanting ; involucels of many leaves, which are shorter
than the umbellules ; fruit villous from fascicles of hairs. I/ .
H. Native of Siberia, very common in dry sterile places, espe-
cially about Buchtorminsk. Biibon Buchtorm6nsis, Fisch. in
Spreng. pug. 2. p. 55. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 496. Athamanta
rigida, Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 960. Athamanta cervariaefolia,
Schrad. ined. Seseli Buchtormense, Koch, umb. p. 111. Habit
almost of Libanotis vulgdris. Rays of umbel unequal in length.
Leaves of involucel clothed with white down. Involucrum want-
ing, or of 2 or 3 entire or trifid or pinnatifid leaves.
Buchtorminsk Stone-parsley. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI.
1 to 3 feet.
2 L. GRAVE' OLENS; plant clothed with hoary pubescence;
stem branched ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets in fascicles, unequal,
2-3 times plicately pinnate : segments 2 or 3-parted : lobes
linear, cuspidate ; involucra variable ; involucels of many distinct
leaves; fruit villously pubescent. l/.H. Native of Altaia, on
rocks, but rare near the Fort called Ustkamenogorsk, but fre-
quent beyond the river Irtysch. Seseli graveolens, Led. fl.
ross. alt. ill. t. 164. fl. alt. 1. p. 340. Involucrum wanting or
of one bipinnate leaf, or of many lanceolate-linear reflexed hoary
leaves. Leaves of involucel hoary, length of the umbellules.
Petals pilose on the outside. The plant has a strong aromatic
smell, and exudes a resinous gummy juice.
Strong-scented Stone-parsley. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
3 L. PATRINIA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 150.) stem terete,
branched ; leaves bipinnate, canescent ; leaflets mtiltilid : lobes
short, linear-subulate ; umbellules 30-flowered ; fruit rather
compressed. If. . H. Native of Altaia, on a schistous arid hill
at the river Irtysch, and at Ustkamenogorsk. The plant ex-
udes a yellow aromatic juice. Mericarps of fruit much com-
pressed from the back, as in other species of Seseli and Libano-
tis. Involucrum of a few multifid leaves. Leaves of involucels
linear, connected together a little way at the base. Perhaps the
same as L. graveolens.
Patrin's Stone-parsley. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
SECT. II. EULIBANOTIS (this section is supposed to contain the
genuine species of the genus). D. C. 1. c. Petals glabrous (f.
4 L. VULOA'RIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 150.) stem furrowed ; leaves
bipinnate : leaflets deeply pinnatifid : lower ones decussate :
segments lanceolate ; fruit ovate-oblong, villous. Tf. . H. Na-
tive of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia, on mountains
and in fields. In England on elevated chalky pastures, but
rare ; as on Gogmagog hills, Cambridgeshire ; and between Al-
bany and Stony Stratford. Athamantha Libanotis, Lin. spec. p.
351. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 488. Jacq. fl. austr. 4. t. 392. fl. dan.
754. Smith, engl. hot. 138. Seseli Libanotis, Koch, umb. p.
111. L. daucoides, Scop. earn. no. 317. L. montana, All.
pedem. 1368. t. 72. L. Diviniana, Scop. earn. no. 316. Atha-
mantha oreoselinum, Huds. angl. 115. Ligusticum ferulaceum,
Lapeyr. abr. p. 155. Libanotis, Riv. pentap. irr. t. 37. — Bauh.
hist. 3. p. 2. 105. f. 1.— Pluk. phyt. t. 173. f. 1. Radical leaves
bipinnate or tripinnate ; leaflets opposite, deeply and sharply
cut, smooth : the lowermost ones crowded, and often crossing
each other. Flowers crowded, white or reddish. There are
varieties of this plant with the fruit either pilose or nearly gla-
brous. The following varieties are probably so many species.
Var. 0, pubescens (D. C. fl. fr. no. 3481. var. y,) stem angu-
lar, pubescent; fruit more villous. If.. H. Native of the
Pyrenees, in dry open places, and of the west of France. Atha-
manta pubescens, Retz. obs. 3. p. 28. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 511.
Var. y, daucifolia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 150.) stem angular;
leaflets finely divided into linear-lanceolate lobes. If.. H. Na-
tive of the Pyrenees, Auvergne, Austria, Siberia, &c. on the
mountains. Athamanta Pyrenaica, Jacq. hort. vind. 2. t. 197.
Atham. crithmoides, Lapeyr. abr. p. 148. Cnthmum Pyrenai-
cum, Lin. syst. veg. ed. 15. p. 296. A'mmi daucifolia, Host,
fl. austr. 1. p. 362.- — Gmel. sib, t. 40. f. 1. There are varieties of
this having the leaves of the involucrum either entire or mul-
tifid.
Var. S, condensata (D. C. prod. 4. p. 150.) stem nearly terete,
striated; umbels very dense. ~1J . H. Native of Siberia.
Athamanta condensata, Lin. spec. p. 351. Ligusticum vagina-
turn, Spreng. pug. 2. p. 57. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 488. — Lam. ill.
t. 1 94. f. 1 .
Var. c, incana (D. C. prod. 4. p. ISO,) plant hoary from pu-
bescence ; leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets very minute,
wedge-shaped, 4-toothed ; leaves of involucra and involucels
linear; umbels of many rays. Tj.. H. Native of Siberia.
Libanotis or Mountain Stone-parsley. Fl. July, Aug. Britain.
PI. 1 to 3 feet.
5 L. SIBI'RICA (Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 123.) leaves pinnate ;
leaflets pinnatifid or bipinnatifid : segments lanceolate or oblong,
cuspidate; involucra of many leaves or wanting; leaves of invo-
lucels shorter than the umbellules ; fruit pubescent, having the
furrows furnished with 2 vittae each. I/. H. Native of Si-
beria, very common ; and of Caucasus, in the plains adjoining
the mountains of Talusch. Athamanta Sibirica, Lin. mant. p.
56. Atham. Libanotis y Sibirica, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 489.
Seseli Libanotis £, Koch, et Mertens in deutschl. fl. 2. p. 412.
Libanotis vulg&ris S, Sibirica, D. C. prod. 4. p. 150. Seseli
athamanthoides, Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 342. — Gmel. sib. 1. p. 186.
t. 40. f. 2. exclusive of the synonymes. It differs from L. vul-
garis not only in the leaves being simply pinnate, but in the in-
volucra being usually wanting, in the involucels being shorter
than the umbellules, and in the furrows of the fruit b&ing fur-
nished with 2 vittae, and the commissure with 4.
Var. (3, acaule (Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 342. under Seseli,) leaves and
umbels simple, rising in fascicles from the root.
Siberian Stone-parsley. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1771. PI. 2
to 3 feet.
6 L. ATHAMANTHOIVDES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 150.) stem fur-
rowed, angular, sparingly branched ; leaves pinnate : radical ones
petiolate : upper ones sessile, nearly opposite : leaflets pinnatifid;
lobes simple or trifid, linear, short, acute; leaves of involucra
many, linear, ciliated, rarely cut. If. . H. Native country un-
known. Ligusticum athamanthoMes, Spreng. umb. 126. exclu-
sive of the synonymes. Fruit glabrous. It agrees in habit with
Athamanta Pyrenaica, Jacq. hort. vind. t. 197., the Libanotis
vulgaris var. y daucifolia, but differs in the fruit being glabrous.
Alhamanta-like Stone-parsley. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
7 L. VERTICILLA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 151.) stem terete, fur-
rowed, naked at the apex ; leaves pinnate : leaflets pinnate-
parted, cut : lower lobes decussate ; involucra of few leaves ;
adult fruit naked. If. . H. Native of Mount Parnassus. There
is a plant very similar to this grows about Bayonne, at a place
called Chambre d'Amour. Athamanta verticillata, Smith, fl.
grsec. t. 275. prod. 1. p. 188. The plant is very different from
Pychbtis verticillata, to which it has been joined by Sprengel.
fVhorled-leaved Stone-parsley. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
UMBELLIFER.E. LXXI. LIBANOTIS. LXXII. CENOLOPHIUM. LXXIII. CNIDIUM.
313
8 L. TENUIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 151.) plant glabrous;
stem terete ; leaves supra-decompound : leaflets linear, divari-
cate ; sheaths dilated ; leaves of involucrum 5, about equal in
length to the middle of the rays of the umbel ; leaves of invo-
lucels with membranous ciliated edges, length of the umbellules ;
fruit glabrous. Tf. . H. Native of Altaia. Athamanta tenui-
folia, Pall, ex Schultes, syst. 6. p. 495. Umbels lateral. In-
volucrum of few leaves ; the outer leaf the largest. Calyxes
glabrous. Mature fruit unknown.
Fine-leaved Stone-parsley. PI. 1 to2 feet.
9 L, STEPHANIA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 151.) stem simple, fis-
tulav, glabrous, striated ; leaves glabrous, pinnate ; leaflets ob-
long or ovate, sessile, cut : uppermost leaflets rather trifid ; pe-
tioles ending in a sheath at the base ; lower cauline leaves larger
than the radical ones, and on longer petioles ; umbels dense,
sheathed ; sheaths, as well as the involucra and involucels, are
membranous and villous ; involucrum of many obovate-cuneated
leaves; involucels of many linear leaves. 1{. H. Native of
Altaia, in the more humid parts of the Alps, especially at the
fountains of the river Tscharysch, and elsewhere. Athamanta
compacta, Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 81. fl. alt. 1. p. 327. Atha-
manta cervaria ? Pall. itin. 2. p. 560. Athamanta monstrosa,
Steph. ex Willd. rel. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 495. Ligusticum
athamanticum, Adans, mss. Petals erect, ovate-oblong, with an
inflexed point. Styles equal in length or longer than the meri-
carps. Fruit nearly cylindrical, a little compressed from the
sides, pilose, crowned by the permanent calyx and styles ; meri-
carps with 5 filiform ribs: lateral ones marginating; vittse 2 in
each furrow, and 4 in the commissure.
Far. /3, pinnattfida ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid ; seg-
ments linear, a little cut.
Stephan's Stone-parsley. PI. 1 to 1-| foot.
10 L. CACHROIDES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 151.) plant glabrous,
glaucous ; stem terete ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets multifid : lobes
linear, entire ; superior petioles dilated ; involucra and involucels
of many elongated acuminated leaflets, y.. H. Native of Da-
huria, near Nerstinski Sawod. Cachrys Sibirica, Steph. ex
Fisch. in cat. sem. 1823. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 892. Trev. act. soc.
nat. cur. 13. p. 168. This species will probably form a proper
genus, from the fruit being very much compressed from the
back, in the dorsal ribs being prominent, and in the marginating
ones being dilated into narrow wings. Vittae £ in the commissure,
covered, and one in each furrow. Seed flat, not involute, as in
Cachyrs. Leaves of Seseli ; calyx involucra, and petals of Li-
bandits ; fruit nearly of Peucedanum. Ovarium sometimes vil-
lous when young. Fruit glabrous. Petals glabrous. Perhaps
this, with Seseli Patriniana, will form a new genus, nearly re-
lated to Agasyllis in tribe Stlerinece.
Cachyrs-like Stone-parsley. PI. 1-| foot.
Cult. See Seseli, p. 311. for culture and propagation.
LXXII. CENOLO'PHIUM (from «voe, fcenos, empty, and
\o<fios, lophos, a crest ; the ridges or ribs of the fruit are hollow
inside). Koch, umb. p. 103. in add. no. 34. b. diss. ined. in
litt. 1828. D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 48. t. 3. f. T. prod. 4. p. 151.
— Crithmum species of Bieb.
LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point (f. 55. G. 1. 4./.).
Transverse section of fruit nearly terete ; mericarps with 5 equal
sharp rather winged ribs, which are hollow inside : lateral ones
marginating ; vittse one in each furrow, and 2 in the commis-
sure. Seed semi-terete, inclosed in a dry pericarp, which is
adnate to it when young (f. 55. G.). — Glabrous perennial herbs.
Leaves bipinnate or many times ternate ; leaflets divaricate,
rather trifid : segments lanceolate, cuspidate, quite entire,
nerved. Involucrum wanting or of one leaf; involucels of
VOL. III.
many leaves (f. 56. G. <?.). Flowers white. This genus is
nearly allied to Cnidium, but differs in the seed being inclosed
in a dry loose pericarp when mature.
1 C. FISCHE'RI (Koch, 1. c.) Tf.. H. Native of Siberia, in
saltish humid fields on the lower Volga, about Sarepta ; and of
Lithuania at Grodna. Athamanta denudata, Fisch. hort. gor.
Horn. hort. hafh. suppl. p. 32. Crithmum campestre, Guld.
itin. 1. p. 190.? ex Bieb. Crithmum Mediterraneum, Bieb.
suppl. p. 215. Ligusticum Fischeri, Link, enum. 1. p. 276. ex-
clusive of Conioselinum. Cnidium Fischeri, Spreng. syst. 1 . p.
888. Selinum carvifolia, Gilib. herb, grodn. ex Besser. Peu-
cedanum album, Hort. par. ex Desf. and therefore Peucedanum
minus, Poir. diet. 5. p. 228. exclusive of the synonymes and
country. Angelica Fischeri, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 605,
Stems terete, striated.
Fischer's Cenolophium. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 ft.
Cult. This plant will grow in any common garden soil ; and
is easily increased by seeds.
LXXIII. CNI'DIUM (the ancient name of Orach). Cusson,
mem. soc. med. par. 1782. p. 280. HofFm. umb. 1. p. 157.
Koch, umb. 108. f. 48. D. C. prod. 4. p. 52 — Selinum, Lag.
am. nat. 2. p. 91. but not of Koch. — Cnidium and Ligusticum
species, Spreng. Ligusticum species of Lin.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Transverse
section of fruit nearly terete ; mericarps with 5 equal winged
ribs ; wings rather membranous ; lateral ribs marginal ; vittse
one in each furrow, and 2 in the commissure. Seed semi-terete.
Albumen flat on one side. — Herbs perennial, rarely suflruticose.
Leaves pinnate or ternate ; leaflets multifid : lobes linear. In-
volucra variable ; involucels of many leaves. Flowers white or
rose-coloured. This genus is very nearly allied to Seseli, but
differs in the ribs of the fruit being winged, and in the margin of
the calyx being obsolete.
1 C. MONNIE'RI (Cuss. 1. c.) stem branched, angular ; leaves
bipinnate : leaflets pinnatifid : segments linear-lanceolate, a^ute ;
leaves of involucra and involucels setaceous. (•)• H. Native of
the south of France. Selinum Monnieri, Lin. spec. 351. Jacq.
hort. vind. 1. t. 62. Ligusticum minus, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 454.
Cicuta Sinensis, Zucc. cent. no. 56. in Roem. coll, 1. p. 135.
Athamanta Chinensis, Lour. coch. p. ? Lin. spec. p. 353.
Cnidium confertum, Moench, meth. 98. Involucra of 1-9 leaves.
Ribs of fruit membranous. Flowers white.
Monnier's Cnidium. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1771. PI. 2 feet.
2 C. APIOI'DES (Spreng. umb. prod. p. 40.) stem branched,
striated ; leaves bi-tripinnate ; leaflets pinnate-parted : segments
linear-lanceolate, mucronate ; involucrum almost wanting ;
leaves of involucels setaceous, equalling the umbellules in length.
I/ . H. Native of the east of France, Germany, Switzerland,
Transylvania, &c, Hoffin. umb. p. 157. Schultes, syst. 6. p.
552. exclusive of Willd. syn. Ligusticum apioides, Lam. diet.
3. p. 577. Ligusticum cicutsefolium, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 612. t.
15. Lig. Lobelii, Vill. prosp. p. 24. Laserpitium silaifolium,
Jacq. austr. app. t. 44. — Lob. icon. 775. Flowers white or pale
yellow ?
Celery-Kite Cnidium. Fl. Ju.July. Clt. 1791. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
3 C. PETROSELI'NUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 152.) stem striated ;
lower leaves on trifid petioles : the divisions bi-tripinnate ; leaf-
lets linear-lanceolate, quite entire, or trifid : upper ones pinnate,
having the segments usually undivided ; umbels erect, of many
rays; involucrum almost wanting. Tf.. H. Native country
unknown. Peucedanum petroselinum, Desf. hort. par. 1821.
Leaves large, with elongated segments or leaflets. Umbels 12-
20-rayed. Petals greenish-white, with an inflexed point. Calyx
entire.
Ss
314
UMBELLIFERjE. LXXIII. CNIDIUM. LXXIV. PETITIA.
Parsley-like Cnidium. PI. 2 feet.
4 C. VENOSUM (Koch, umb. p. 109.) stem terete, smooth,
straight, hardly branched above ; leaves pinnate : leaflets pinna-
tifid or bipinnatifid : segments linear, or oblong-linear, acutish,
quite entire or trifid ; involucra wanting or of few leaves ; leaves
of involucels setaceous, about equal in length to the umbellules.
I/ . H. Native of Germany, about Halle and Witenberg ; and of
Caucasus and Siberia, in rather moist places. Seseli venosum,
Hoffm. fl. germ. p. 144. Seseli dubium, Schkuhr, handb. l.p.217.
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 399. Seseli saxifragum, Schott. barb. p. 307.
Selinum pratense, Spreng. fl. hal. p. 92. t. 2. Seseli selinoides,
Besser. cat. hort. crem. p. 1 30. Seseli alpinum, Bieb. fl. taur.
no. 587. ex suppl. p. 243. ? Selinum lineare, Schum. enum.
pi. sseland, 1. p. 95. Sheathes of leaves oblong ; superior ones
close. Involucra of few leaves. Leaves of involucra and in-
volucels entire. There are varieties of this with more or less
dissected leaves. Perhaps the German plant and the Siberian
are the same.
Veiny Cnidium. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 C. ANO'MALUM (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 311. fl. alt. 1. p.
330.) stem furrowed, glabrous, twiggy ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets
bipinnately cut : segments cut or nearly entire, acute ; leaves of
involucra oblong-linear, entire, pinnatifid, or bipinnatifid. $ , H.
Native of Altaia, in fertile humid meadows, in the valleys of
the rivers Tscharysch ; and Kotsun, near Alexandrowsk. Gmel.
fl. sib. 1. p. 190. t. 42. and 43. There is also a stemless
variety found at the fountains of the river Tschegan. Root
fusiform. Leaves pale green, glabrous. Involucra and invo-
lucels of many leaves ; those of the involucels are oblong, entire,
and ciliated, and about equal in length to the umbellules. Pe-
tals white. Fruit beset with glittering atoms ; vittae 1-3 in each
furrow, and 2 in the commissure. Stylopodium pulvinate. Calyx
5-cleft.
Anomalous Cnidium. PI. 1^ to 2 feet or more.
6 C. CUNEA'TUM (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 312. fl.alt. 1. p. 331.)
stem furrowed, glabrous, branched : superior branches verticil-
late or opposite; leaves bipinnate : lower leaflets ternate : upper
ones 2-3-parted, or cut, cuneated ; leaves of involucrum oblong-
elliptic, a little toothed at the apex ; leaves of involucels broad,
elliptic, entire, mucronate. <J . H. Native of Siberia, in mea-
dows at the river Kerlyk, but rare. Root fusiform. Leaves
pale green, glabrous. Rays of umbel 12-20. Calyx with 5
minute teeth.
CHneate-leafletted Cnidium. Fl. July. PI. 1 to 1J foot.
7 C. FONTANE'SII (Spreng. umb. spec. p. 41.) stem striated,
dichotomous at the apex ; leaves ternately decompound ; leaflets
rather trifid : segments linear, bluntish; leaves of involucra and in-
volucels many, linear, acuminated. H.. H. Native of Algiers, in
fields near Sbiba. Laserpitium peucedanoides, Desf. fl. atl. 1. p.
254. t. 7 1 . Laserp. Fontanesii, Pers. ench. 1 . p. 3 1 3. Laserp. At-
lanticum, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 304. Ligusticum Fontanesii, Spreng.
in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 565. Perhaps the furrows of the fruit
are furnished with 1 or many vittae, and therefore may be either
a species of Ligusticum or Cnidium ; but the habit is that of
Cnidium.
Desfontaines Cnidium. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
8 C. SUFFRUTICO'SUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p.
387.) stem shrubby, naked, decumbent ; branches erect, leafy ;
leaves ternately decompound ; leaflets short, rather trifid ;
sheathes of leaves permanent. I? . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, in sand by the sea-side. Conium suffruticosum,
Berg. cap. p. 77. The habit of this plant is very different from
all the other species.
Suffruticose Cnidium. Shrub decumbent.
9 C. DIFFUVSUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 153.) stem diffuse, striated ;
leaves pinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid : segments cuneated, bluntly
toothed at the apex ; peduncles opposite the leaves ; leaves of
involucra numerous, linear, rather membranous. Q. H. Na-
tive of Bengal. Ligusticum diffusum, Roxb. hort. beng. p.
21. Smith, in Rees' cycl. 21. no. 11. Willd. mss. in Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 655. Athamanta diflfusa, Wall. mss. Petals white,
obcordate. Ribs of fruit prominent, rather crested, roughish
from short down : vittae 1 in each furrow.
Diffuse Cnidium. PI. 1 foot.
10 C. CARVIFOLIUM (Bieb. suppl. p. 212.) stem nearly simple ;
leaves pinnate ; leaflets cuneiform, pinnatifid : segments linear,
bluntish ; involucra of 1-2 elongated, somewhat pinnatifid leaves.
1£. H. Native of Caucasus. Laserpitium Caucasicum, Bieb.
fl. taur. 1. p. 222. Said to be allied to Laserpitium Dauricum,
and Meum mutellinum. Leaves of involucels subulate, shorter
than the umbellules. Stylopodium and styles dark purple.
Caraway-leaved Cnidium. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
11 C. MEIFO'LIUM (Bieb. suppl. p. 212.) stem unknown;
leaves pinnate : leaflets profoundly pinnatifid :»segments linear-
subulate ; involucra and involucels of many subulate, reflexed
leaves. I/ . H. Native of the Alps of Caucasus. Involucrum
of 6-8 leaves. Involucels longer than the flowers. Flowers of
a beautiful rose colour.
Meum-leaved Cnidium. PI. 1 to 2 feet ?
12 C. CANADE'NSE (Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 415. ex-
clusive of many of the synonymes) stem angular, flexuous ;
leaves bipinnate, shining ; leaflets many-parted : segments lan-
ceolate ; involucra and involucels of few leaves. 3£. H. Na-
tive of North America, at the mouths of large rivers from Ca-
nada to Carolina ; at the mouth of the St. Lawrence, in Canada.
Selinum Canadense, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 155. A'pium
bipinnatum, Walt, carol, p. 115. The fruit is unknown, and
therefore it is a doubtful species of Cnidium. Flowers white.
Canadian Cnidium. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 feet.
Cult. See Seseli, p. 311. for culture and propagation.
LXXIV. PETI'TIA (in honour of M. Felix Petit, author of
a memoir on the genus Althenia, and who first made known the
present plant by a figure and description). Gay, in ann. Sc. nat.
26. p. 219.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx toothless. Petals
lanceolate, entire, with an involute point. Fruit oblong, crowned
by the reflexed styles ; transverse section roundish-elliptic, fur-
rowed on both sides, from the raphe being nearly central, not
marginal ; mericarps rather convex on the back, with 5 con-
tiguous, thick, elevated, wingless, bluntly keeled ribs, therefore
the transverse section is triangular, spongy inside ; lateral ribs
not broader than the rest, nor marginal. Vittae solitary in the
furrows, which are narrow, and twin in the commissure. Seed
adhering to the tegument, compressed, not angular. — A glabrous,
green, biennial herb : with a very long, branched, thick root,
which is spongy inside, and intercepted by transverse, mem-
branous dissepiments. Stem short, nearly simple, thick, fistu-
lar, leafy at the base, striated above, and scabrous at the striae.
Leaves tripinnate ; sheaths large ; rachis smoothish ; lobes
linear, scabrous on the margins, and on the dorsal nerve, mu-
cronate at the apex. Umbels terminal, of many rays : rays 14-
33, very rough, and very unequal : central ones much the
shortest. Involucra wanting, rarely of 2 leaves ; involucels of
from 4-12 linear-subulate, quite entire leaves, which are much
shorter than the umbels. Flowers greenish. Stylopodium large.
1 P. SCA'BRA (Gay, 1. c.). $ . H. Native of the Eastern
Pyrenees, in the valley called d'Eynes, at a place called La
Cueillade de Nouri, among the debris of schistous rocks, at the
elevation of 7200 feet, a little below the limits of perpetual
snow, Selinum scabrum, Lapeyr. abr. 1813. p. 147. Spreng.
2
UMBELLIFEILE. LXXV. ENDRESSIA. LXXVI. THASPIUM. LXXVII. TROCHISCANTHES. LXXVIII. ATHAMANTA. 315
in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 563. Angelica scabra, Petit,
inann. sc. obs. 1. p. 99. t. 3. D. C. prod. 4. p. 168.
Scabrous Petitia. PI. i to \ foot.
Cult. Sow the seeds in a dry situation in spring, in light
earth.
LXXV. ENDRE'SSIA (in honour of M. Endress, a young
botanist, who has travelled in the Pyrenees). Gay, in ann. sc.
nat. 26. p. 223.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx at first
obscure, but increase in length as the fruit comes to maturity ;
they are at last erect and subulate, and longer than the stylo-
podium. Petals without claws, quite entire, ovate-lanceolate,
acuminated, and very acute, with an involute point. Fruit com-
pressed a little from the sides, oblong-elliptic, crowned by the
reflexed styles. Mericarps convex on the back ; with 5 distant,
equal, filiform ribs : lateral ribs marginating ; furrows of fruit
very broad ; vittae 6 in the commissure, 4 in the lateral furrows,
and 3 in the dorsal ones, all distinct. Seed adhering. — A pe-
rennial, smooth herb ; with an oblique root, which is naked at
the neck. Stem slender, quite simple, angularly striated, smooth,
unless just under the umbel, where it is scabrous, a foot high,
bearing 2 or 3 leaves. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets sessile, decus-
sate, palmately 3-parted : segments palmately 3-5 -cleft ; lobules
linear, cuspidate. Umbels terminal, small, dense, when in fruit
nearly globose ; with short, stiff, smooth rays. Involucrum
wanting, very rarely of 3-4 leaves; involucels of 1-5 linear-
subulate leaves, which are about equal in length to umbellules,
and sometimes much shorter. Petals white. Stylopodium small.
Carpophore bipartite.
1 E. PYRENA'ICA (Gay, 1. c.). 2/.H. Native of the Eastern
Pyrenees, in alpine or subalpine pastures. Laserpitium simplex,
Lapeyr. abr. p. 152. Ligusticum simplex, Benth. cat. pyr. p.
96. Meum Pyrenaicum, Gay, in D. C. prod. 4. p. 162.
Pyrenees Endressia. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. See Cenolbphium, p. 313. for culture and propagation.
LXXVI. THA'SPIUM (from the Isle of Thapsia, which
gave the name to the Thapsia of the ancients ; in ailusion to its
affinity with that genus). Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 196. exclusive
of some species. D. C. prod. 4. p. 153.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals elliptic, tapering into a long, inflexed point. Fruit not
contracted from the sides, somewhat elliptic ; mericarps convex,
with 5 winged, nearly equal ribs ; furrows striated, each fur-
nished with 1 vitta : and the commissure with 2. Seed terete.
— Perennial herbs, natives of North America. Involucra want-
ing ; involucels unilateral, of 3 leaves. This is a very distinct
genus from Smyrnium and Zizia; but it is evidently allied to
Cmdium, from the fruit, but is distinguished from that genus in
the calyx being 5-toothed, in the petals not being emarginate,
in the involucels being 3-leaved, and in habit.
§ 1. Umbels opposite the leaves. Flowers dark purple.
1 T. ATROPURPU'REUM (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 196.) radical
leaves petiolate, cordate, undivided ; cauline leaves pinnate, of
3-7 ovate-oblong, cartilaginously toothed, petiolulate leaflets.
7i . H. Native from Carolina to Virginia, on hills ; frequent
about Philadelphia. Smyrnium atropurpureum, Lam. diet. 3.
p. 667. Ell. sketch. 1. p. 366. Cnidium atropurpureum,
Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 418. Flowers greenish while
young, but at length becoming dark purple. Fruit small, with
the wings exserted, and membranous.
Dark pur^e-flowered Thaspium. Clt. 1810. PL 2 feet.
§ 2. Umbels terminal. Flowers yellow.
2 T. BARBINO'DE (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 196.) lower leaves
somewhat triternate : superior ones biternate ; leaflets ovate-
cuneated, acute, unequally and deeply serrated, but entire at the
base. I/ . H. Native about Philadelphia, on the shady banks
of the Schuylkill. Ligusticum barbinode, Michx. fl. bor. amer.
1. p. 167. Smyrnium, Muhl. cat. p. 32. Thapsia trifoliate,
Mill. diet. no. 5.? Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 615. Um-
bels dichotomous, terminal. Petals yellow. Fruit elliptic, with
7 wings : the alternating ones larger than the others. Stem pu-
bescent at the joints, the rest glabrous.
Bearded-jointed Thaspium. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1 700. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
3 T. ACT.EIFOI.IUM (Nutt. 1. c.) leaves biternate : leaflets oval,
equally toothed ; umbels somewhat verticillate : lateral ones
sterile. %. H. Native of Canada, on the banks of the St.
Lawrence, near Tadoussach ; and of Virginia. Ligusticum
actseifolium, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 166. Herb 3 feet
high. Leaves of involucels setaceous. Fruit oblong-oval, with
10 rather winged ribs.
Actcea-leaved Thaspium. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. PI. 3 ft.
Cult. The species of this genus will grow in any common
garden soil, but best in peat ; and are easily increased by dividing
at the root, or by seed.
LXXVII. TROCHISCA'NTHES(from rpox«riooc, trochiskos,
a small wheel, and avfloj, anthos, a flower ; shape of flowers).
Koch, umb. p. 103. f. 95. Gaudin, fl. helv. 2. p. 401. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 154. Podopetalum, Gaud. mss.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals on long claws, spatulately obovate, with a triangular in-
flexed point. Fruit a little compressed from the sides ; meri-
carps with 5 sharp, rather winged, equal ribs : lateral ribs mar-
ginating ; vittse 3-4 in the furrows, which are broad, and 8 in
the commissure. Carpophore bipartite, Seed rather semi-
terete. — Glabrous, perennial herbs. Radical leaf biternate ;
leaflets large, ovate-lanceolate, unequally serrated. Stem much
branched, naked at the apex. Involucra wanting, or of 1 leaf;
involucels of 2-5 leaves. Flowers white, those in the disk of
the umbel sterile.
1 T. NODIFLO'RUS (Koch, umb. p. 104.\ Tf.. H. Native of
Upper Provence, Dauphiny, Vallais, Piedmont, Hungary, &c. in
shady mountain woods. Smyrnium nodiflorum, All. pedem. 2.
p. 25. t. 72. Ligusticum nodiflorum, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 608.
Angelica paniculata, Lam. diet. 1. p. 172. Imperatoria nodi-
flora, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 417. Laserpitium verticillatum, Waldst.
et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 2. p. 186. t. 171. is perhaps properly re-
ferred to this by Sprengel, but it appears to differ in the form of
the petals and fruit.
Knot-flowered Trochiscanthes. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810.
PI. 3 feet.
Cult. See Thaspium above for culture and propagation.
LXXVIII. ATHAMA'NTA (some species found upon
Mount Athamas, in Sicily). Koch, umb. p. 106. f. 49-50. but
not of Scop. D. C. prod. 4. p. 154. — Bubon and Athamanta,
species of Lin. Athamanta species, Spreng.— Libanotis, Scop,
intr. no. 301. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 100.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals obovate, emarginate, or entire, with a very short ungui-
culate inflexed point. Fruit attenuated at the neck ; transverse
section nearly terete, or a little compressed from the sides;
mericarps with 5 filiform, wingless, equal ribs : lateral ribs
marginating ; vittse 2 or 3 in each furrow. Seed somewhat
semi-terete. Carpophore unknown. — Perennial or biennial
herbs, usually velvety from villi on the stem, leaves, and fruit,
s s 2
316
UMBELLIFERjE. LXXVIII. ATHAMANTA.
Leaves triternate or pinnate ; leaflets cut or multifid. Invo-
lucra of 1 or few leaves ; involucels of many leaves. Flowers
white.
1 A. CERVARUEFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 155.) stem suffruticose
at the base, eaudex-formed ; leaves glaucous, glabrous, triter-
nate; leaflets broad, ovate, cuspidately serrated: lateral ones
somewhat bifid : terminal ones trifid ; involucra of 1 or few
leaves. %. or fj . G. Native of Teneriffe. Seseli cervariae-
folia, D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 145. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 405.
A thamanta maxima, Chois. ined. Flowers sweet-scented. Pe-
tals white, oblong, with an inflexed point. Fruit oblong, villous.
Chervil-leaved Spignel. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. Sh. 2 ft.
2 A. MACEDONICA (Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 491.) stem
panicled, clothed with soft, velvety villi ; leaves almost glabrous ;
petioles twice trifid, decompound ; leaflets ovate, somewhat 3-
lobed, mucronately toothed ; umbels very numerous, velvety.
$ . F. Native of Macedonia, Atlas, and according to Allioni
about Nice. Bubon Macedonicum, Lin. spec. p. 364. Desf.
at). 1. p. 256. Blackw. icon. 382. Plench. icon. t. 194. Dau-
cus Macedonicus, Riv. pent. irr. t. 48. A'pium Macedonicum,
Moris, hist. sect. 9. t. 9. — Lob. icon. 708. Fruit bottle-shaped,
hispid, covered by 10-12 vittse, having the ribs very slender. —
In some parts of the East they use this plant to scent their
clothes ; the smell is very strong, and rather disagreeable to
Europeans. The plant, but especially the seed, is esteemed to
be diuretic, emmenogogue, and carminative ; the seeds are an
ingredient in theriaca.
Macedonian Parsley, or Spignel. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1596.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
3 A. RAMOSISSIMA (Port, in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 496.) stem
erect, scabrous, much branched ; radical leaves and lower cau-
line ones supra-decompound ; leaflets filiform, mucronulate, stiff,
glabrous : upper ones ternate ; involucrum of many leaves ;
petals hairy on the outside as well as the fruit. 1£ . H. Native
of Dalmatia. Host, fl. aust. 1. p. 364. Allied to A. Cretensis.
Fruit ovate, not bottle-shaped, very hairy. Petals emarginate,
very hairy on the outside. Involucra of 8-10 linear leaves.
Much-branched Spignel. PI. 1 foot.
4 A. CRETE'NSIS (Lin. spec. p. 352.) stem rather villous ;
leaves bipinnate ; leaflets divided into linear, trifid lobes : lower
ones hardly exceeding the rest ; involucra of 1 or few leaves ;
petals hairy on the back. $ . H. Native of the south and
middle of Europe, in exposed situations. The leaves are said
to be tripinnate by many authors. The seeds have been occa-
sionally employed as carminatives, and were supposed likewise
to be diuretic and emmenogogue ; lately they have been little
used, except as ingredients in theriaca and mithradate. Haller,
however, judges it to be much superior to the common carrot in
medicinal efficacy. It was celebrated anciently as a specific in
the stone.
Var. a, hirsiita (D. C. prod. 4. p. 155.) leaves clothed with
hairs ; lobes short. Libanotis hirsiita, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 428.
Athamanta Cretensis, Jacq. fl. aust. t. 62. hort. vind. t. 218.
Plench, icon. t. 284. — Daucus Creticus, Cam. epit. 536. with a
figure. Blackw. 471.
Var. ft, mutellmoldes (D. C. 1. c.) leaves nearly glabrous ; lobes
slenderer and more elongated. — Athamanta mutellinoides, Lam.
diet. l.p. 425. Atham. Matliioli, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 318. ex-
clusive of the synonymes of Jacq. and Math. A. rupestris,
Vill. dauph. 2. p. 648. A. annua, Lin. spec. 353. ?— Moris,
oxon. sect. 9. 1. 10.
Cretan Spignel or Candy Carrot. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1596.
PI. 1 foot.
5 A. MATTH!OLI (Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 1. p. 211. icon,
rar. 1. t. 57.) stems glabrous, flexuous ; leaves glabrous;
leaves 3-4 times ternate; leaflets linear-filiform, elongated,
divaricate ; involucra of 1 or many leaves ; petals glabrous.
Tf.. H. Native of the Alps of Carinthia, Carniola, and in fields
about Nice. Libanotis rupestris, Scop. earn. no. 315. t. 9.
Meum Matth. ed. Bauh. 1. p. 569. f. 1. Stem glabrous, except
under the origin of the leaves, where they are rather puberu-
lous. Perhaps Seseli Turbith, Lin. is referrible to this plant,
and probably A. annua, Lin. spec. 353. Leaves very fine like
fennel.
Matthioli's Spignel. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1802. PI. 1| foot.
6 A. SI'CULA (Lin. spec. p. 352.) stems hoary from pubes-
cence ; leaves triternately decompound, rather villous ; leaflets
ovate, pinnatifid : segments short, bluntish ; petals villous on
the outside. If. . H. Native on Mount Garganus, Apulia,
Sicily, and among calcareous rocks, on Mount Atlas. Desf. fl.
atl. 1. p. 324. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 491. exclusive of the syn.
of Bocconi. Bubon Garganicum, Ten. fl. neap. l.p. 123. t. 25°.
A. Cretensis, Ucria, ex Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 328. — Zan. ist.
t. 48. — Moris, oxon, sect. 9. t. 9. last figure/ Leaves almost
like those of Sisymbrium Sophia.
Sicilian Spignel. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1686. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
7 A. CANE'SCENS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 155.) plant glabrous at
the bottom, and canescent at the top from short crowded down ;
leaves ternately decompound ; leaflets cuneated, cut :. lobes
linear, bluntish ; involucra and involucels of 5 leaves ; petals
smoothish ; fruit ovate, beset with very long, white, spreading
hairs, which are rather capitellate at the apex. O- H- Native
of the Levant, between Aleppo and Bagdad. Herb half a foot
high, sparingly branched. Leaves of involucra and involucels
oval-oblong, apiculated. Petals some of them cleft at the apex,
and others entire. Immature fruit unknown, and therefore the
genus is rather doubtful.
Canescent Spignel. PI. -^ foot.
•f" Species not sufficiently known, and will perhaps, when more
fully examined, be removed from the genus altogether.
8 A. DEPRE'SSA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 184.) leaves bipin-
nate, pubescent ; leaflets very slender, many-parted : segments
linear, mucronate ; scapes filiform, assurgent, velvety, exceeding
the leaves ; umbels simple or compound ; involucrum of 5 pin-
natifid leaves. If. H. Native of Nipaul, in the alpine region
of Gosaingsthan. Plant tufted. Root long, simple, fusiform, a
finger in thickness. Scapes numerous, 3 inches high.
Depressed Spignel. PI. \ foot.
9 A. GIGANTE'A (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 184.) leaves supra-
decompound ; leaflets ovate, awned, deeply serrated, glabrous ;
involucra of many leaves ; petals bipartite ; fruit ovate, pubes-
cent. If.. H. Native of Nipaul. Root simple, fusiform. Stem
furrowed, 3-4 feet high, branched. Petioles and rachis pubes-
cent beneath. Umbels many-rayed, terminal. Petals white.
Giant Spignel. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
10 A. TE^RES (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 185.) leaves bipin-
nate, glabrous ; leaflets pinnatifid : segments linear, acute, fur-
rowed above ; involucra of 5 short leaves ; involucels of many
leaves, equal in length to the rays ; stem straight, terete, smooth.
I/ . H. Native of Nipaul. Stem 2 feet high, simple.
Terete-stemmed Spignel. PI. 2 feet.
11 A. CARVIFOLIA (Steph. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 496.) invo-
lucrum dimidiate ; segments pinnatifid, linear, hoary. I/ . H.
Native of Siberia (ex Steph. in herb. Willd.). There are 3
specimens under this name in Willdenow's herbarium, which are
very distinct from each other ; one of which is Laserpitium
Dauricum ; the second Rumia seseldides, and the third is Rumia
athamatholdes. The plant is therefore doubtful.
Caraway-leaved Spignel. PL 1 foot?
Cult. These plants will grow in any common garden soil ;
and are either increased by dividing at the root, or by seed.
UMBELLIFER/E. LXXIX. LIGUSTICUM.
317
LXXIX. LIGU'STICUM (so named from some of the spe-
cies growing abundantly in Liguria). Koch. umb. p. 104. f.
44-47. but not of Lag. D. C. prod. 4. p. 157. — Ligusticum
species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed,
or obsolete. Petals obovate, acute, emarginate, with an inflexed
point, on very short claws. Transverse section of fruit nearly
terete, or a little compressed from the sides ; mericarps with 5
sharp, rather winged, equal ribs : lateral ribs marginating ; vittae
many, both in the furrows and commissure. Seed almost semi-
terete. — Herbs, for the most part perennial. Leaves decom-
pound, or ternately divided. Involucra various ; involucels of
many leaves. Flowers white.
§ 1. Margin of calyx evidently 5-toothed: teeth permanent.
1 L. SCOTICUM (Lin. spec. p. 359.) stem slightly branched at
the upper part, striated, smooth ; leaves biternate, opaque ;
leaflets rhomboid, broad, acute, smooth, serrated ; involucra of
unequal, partly leafy, entire leaves ; leaves of involucel more
numerous, lanceolate, rather unequal. l/.H. Native of Lap-
land, Norway, &c., North America, and Siberia ; Kotzebue's
Sound, and Kamtschatka ; Scotland on the sea-coast about the
Frith of Forth ; also on the western coast ; very abundant in
rocky places ; about Dunstonburgh Castle in Northumberland.
Smith, engl. bot. t. 1207. Fl. dan. t. 207. Torrey, fl. un. st.
1. p. 313. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 390. An-
gelica Scotica, Lam. diet. 1. p. 173. Seseli Scoticum, Riv. pent,
irr. p. 59. A'pium ternatum, Willcl. herb, in Rcem. et Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 431. Flowers white, with a reddish tinge ; anthers
red. Fruit oblong, having the commissure furnished with 6
vittae. Root fusiform, warm, and pungent. The herb is eaten
either crude or boiled by the natives of Scotland and its isles.
The flavour is highly acrid, and though aromatic, and perhaps
not unwholesome, is very nauseous to those who are unaccus-
tomed to such food. L. Scoticum, Lour. coch. p. 183. cultivated
in Cochin-china, belongs probably to a distinct genus, from the
circumstance of the petals being entire.
Scotch Lovage. Fl. July. Britain. PI. 1 foot.
§ 2. • Margin of calyx minutely 5-toothed. Involucra of
many leaves.
2 L. CARNi6iicuM (Host, fl. aust. 1. p. 378.) stem erect,
branched, striated ; radical leaves triternate ; leaflets decurrent,
pinnate-parted : segments pinnatifid, mucronate ; involucra of
many leaves, which are toothed at the apex. % . H. Native
of Carniola, on a mountain called Grosskahlenberg ; and of Sile-
sia. Fruit large, nearly 3 lines long, ovate-oblong, having the
ribs short and a little winged, and with the furrows broad and
furnished with 3 vittae each. Teeth of calyx very small.
Carniolian Lovage. PI. 2 to 3 feet ?
3 L. ALA'TUM (Spreng. umb. spec. p. 125.) stem furrowed
and winged ; leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets petiolate, ovate,
decurrent, pinnatifid : segments deeply serrated, oblong ; invo-
lucra of few leaves ; leaves of involucels setaceous, about equal
in length to the umbellules. l/.H. Native of Caucasus, in
grassy places. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 551. Athamanta
alata, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 214. Cnidivim myrrhifolium, Bieb.
suppl. p. 212. Flowers rose-coloured when young, but at length
becoming white ; anthers red. Margin of calyx short, 5-
toothed. The commissure, according to Koch, is furnished with
4-6 vittae, and the furrows with as many, from which it differs
from the genus Cnidium and especially from C. apiifblium, which
is very like.
Winged- stemmed Lovage. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI.
4 to 5 feet.
4 L. FERULA'CEUM (All. pedem. no. 1319. t. 60. f. 1.) stem
branched, striated ; leaves supra-decompound ; segments rather
remote, linear, cuspidate ; leaves of involucra pinnatifid at the
apex. $ . H. Native of Dauphiny, Piedmont, and Jura, on
the lower alps, in open places ; and of Dauria, but not of the
Pyrenees, because L. ferulaceum of Lapeyr. is Seseli Libanotis,
Laserpitium Dauricum, Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 38. Ligusticum
Seguieri, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 615. exclusive of the synonymes.
Furrows of fruit furnished with 3-4 vittae each, and the com-
missure with 8 vittae. ex Koch, umb. p. 105. Stems usually
spotted.
Ferula-like Lovage. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1775. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
5 L. CYNAPiiFbLiuM (Viv. in litt. 1820. ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
158.) stem terete, branched ; leaves decompound from the pe-
tiole being much branched ; leaflets multifid : segments linear,
acute ; involucra and involucels of many leaves ; umbel of many
rays ; umbellules nearly globose, many-flowered. It. H. Na-
tive of Corsica, in the fissures of rocks. Habit almost of Cnidium
apioldes or Ligusticum Seguierii, but is easily distinguished from
them in the involucrum being of many leaves ; and from L.
ferulaceum it is distinguished by the stem being hardly striated,
in the leaves of involucels being undivided, and in the umbel-
lules being more crowded with flowers. Mature fruit not seen.
Fool' s-parsley-leaved Lovage. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
6 L. CONIIFOLIUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 158.) stem terete,
branched ; leaves supra-decompound, glabrous ; leaflets pinna-
tifid : lobes acutely toothed ; involucra and involucels of many
linear, acute, deflexed leaves, which are as well as the rays of the
umbel and upper part of the stem pubescent. %. H. Native
of Nipaul, on high mountains. Laserpitium coniifolium, Wall,
mss. Plant tall and very showy. Radical leaves 2 feet long,
with trifid petioles. Mericarps with 5 wings, and having many
vittae in the furrows.
Hemlock-leaved Lovage. PI. 4 to 6 feet.
7 L. STRIA'TUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 158.) stem terete, branched ;
leaves bipinnate ; lobes or leaflets entire, acute, rarely cut ; in-
volucra and involucels of 5-6 linear, spreadingly-deflexed leaves,
which are glabrous as well as the stems and rays of the umbel.
1{ . H. Native of Nipaul, in the Great Valley, in rice-fields.
Laserpitium striatum, Wall, mss., but is referrible to the genus
Ligusticum from the mericarps being furnished with 5 wings,
and in the furrows being furnished with many vittae, &c.
Striated Lovage. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
8 L. CUNEIFOLIUM (Guss. pi. rar. p. 130. t. 26.) stem striated,
branched ; leaves shining, tripinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid : seg-
ments short, cuneiform, trifid, obtuse, awned, approximate ; iri-
volucra permanent, of many leaves ; fruit oval, glabrous. "If. . H.
Native of the kingdom of Naples, in Abbruzzo, in open places
of valleys. Allied to L. Pyren^um.
Wedge-leafletted Lovage. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
9 L. DI'SCOLOR (Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 310. fl. alt. 1. p.
321.) lower leaves ternately bipinnate ; lower leaflets petiolate,
ternate : upper ones and segments of the lower ones oblong,
pinnatifid, or cut, decurrent ; involucra of many lanceolate-
linear, deciduous leaves ; involucels of many linear, permanent
leaves. I/. H. Native of Altaia, near Riddersk, Alexan-
drowsk, and Belaja at the river Buchtorminsk. L. Peloponne-
siacum, Pall. itin. 2. p. 528. ? Root fusiform, stupose, perhaps
biennial. Stem solitary, branched, furrowed, glabrous. Leaves
pale green above, and pale glaucous beneath. Petioles of
radical leaves half a foot long, ternate, and the divisions bi-
pinnate. Rays of umbel variable in length. Calyx with 5
minute teeth. Petals white. Mericarps with 5 rather winged
ribs ; having the furrows furnished with 3 vittae, and the com-
missure with 4-6. It differs from L. candicans of Aiton, in
the involucra being of many leaves.
318
UMBELLIFER.E. LXXIX. LIOUSTICUM.
Tjvo-coloured-\eave& Lovage. PI. 4 to 5 feet.
10 L. CA'NDICANS (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 348. ed. 2. vol. 2. p.
142.) leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets cuneiform, cut, gla-
brous ; involucra of 2 rather foliaceous leaves ; ribs of fruit
membranous, glabrous. If.. H. Native country and the rest
unknown.
Whitish Lovage. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 780. PI. 3 to 4 ft.
§ 'J. Margin of calyx obsolete. Involucra wanting, or of
fens leaves. — Silaus species, Koch, in litt. 1828.
11 L. PYRENJE'UM (Gouan. ill. 14. t. 7. f. 2. exclusive of the
syn. of Seguier) stem branched, striated ; leaves supra-decom-
pound, shining ; leaflets pinnatifid : segments linear, mucronate,
short, divaricate ; involucrum of a few caducous leaves. 1£. H.
Native of the Pyrenees, in open places. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 309.
Cnidium Pyrenae urn, Spreng. umb. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 416.
L. Pyrenaicum, Koch, umb. p. 105. Seseli aristatum, Ait.
hort. kew. 1. p. 359. This plant is generally confused with L.
ferulaceum, but it is perfectly distinct. It is hardly to be dis-
tinguished from L. Seguieri, unless in the furrows of the fruit
being furnished with many vittae, and the commissure with 6-8
vittffi.
Pyrenean Lovage. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1804. PI. 3 to 4 ft.
12 L. SEGUIE'EI (Koch, umb. p. 105.) stem terete, striated;
leaves decompound ; leaflets pinnatifid : segments remote, linear,
rather falcate, cuspidate ; involucra wanting or of 1 leaf. y..
H. Native of the Apennines, Appuanos, Mounts Baldo and
Generoso, Corsica, Carniola, &c. Selinum Seguieri, Lin. fil.
suppl. p. 179. Jacq. hort. vind. 1. t. 61. Imperatoria- Se-
guieri, Spreng. umb. spec. p. 65. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 618.
Melanoselinum Seguieri, Sweet, hort. brit. 190. Ligust. Se-
guieri, Gaudin, fl. helv. 2. p. 398. — Seguier. pi. veron. 2. p. 41.
t. 13. Axillary branches somewhat verticillate. Styles elon-
gated, much divaricate. Vittae 3-4 in each furrow of the fruit,
and 4-6 in the commissure.
Seguicr's Lovage. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
13 L. CO'RSICUM (Gay, in ann. sc. nat. 26. p. 222.) stem
nearly simple, few-leaved, striated; leaves tripinnate ; leaflets
palmate-parted : lobules small, linear, cuspidate ; involucra
wanting, or of 1 leaf; rays of umbel muricated ; involucels of
many linear-subulate, serrulated leaves, which are about equal in
length to the umbellules ; teeth of calyx obsolete ; ribs of fruit
scabrous from denticulations. Tf.. H. Native of Corsica, on
the mountains, at the elevation of 5000 or 6000 feet. Vittae
in the lateral furrows 3, in the dorsal 4, also 4 in the commis-
sure. Habit of Meum mutellinum, from which it differs in the
petals being emarginate, not entire.
Corsican Lovage. PI. -j to 1 foot.
14 L. PEUCEDANOI'DES (Presl, in herb. Hsenke, exD. C. prod.
4. p. 158.) stem branched, furrowed ; leaves decompound ; leaf-
lets linear; umbels opposite the leaves ; rays angularly winged ;
involucra wanting, or of few leaves, which are multifid at the
apex; involucels wanting, or of few leaves. 1£. H. Native
of Chili. The specimen is very like the rest, but varies in the
involucra and involucels being sometimes wanting. Calyx obso-
lete. Petals entire.
Var. ft, tenuifolium (Presl. 1. c.) stem and branches thicker ;
leaves of involucra multifid ; of the involucels linear, and longer
than the umbellules ; fruit ovate ; mericarps with 5 ribs, fur-
nished with many vittae.
Var. y, longifolium (Presl, 1. c.) segments of leaves very
long. y.. H. Native of Peru. Fruit wanting in the specimen,
and therefore it is probably a proper species.
Peucedanum-like Lovage. PI. ?
15 L. PA'NSIL (Bert. herb, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 669.) plant
glabrous, erect, branched ; leaves pinnate : leaflets multifid ;
125.) stem terete,
lobes linear, acute ; umbels terminal, or rising from the forks of
the branches ; involucra wanting, or of 1 many-parted leaf;
involucels nearly wanting. !(.. H. Native of Chili, in woods
and hedges, at Rancagua and Valparaiso, where it is called Pan-
sil. Limb of calyx obsolete. Petals white, emarginate, with
an inflexed point. Fruit with winged ribs. Perhaps a species
of Pleurospermum.
Pansil Lovage. PI. 1 to 2 feet ?
t Species not sufficiently known.
16 L. MULTI'FIDUM (Smith, in Rees' cycl. bot. 21. no. 8.) stem
branched, fistular ; leaves triplicately pinnate ; leaflets linear,
channelled, acute, decurrent ; leaves of involucrum 7-8, lanceo-
late, with membranous margins ; fruit ovate-roundish, with
winged, curled ribs. 1J. . H. Native of Siberia. Perhaps a
species of Cnidium.
Multifid-]ea\eA Lovage. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
17 L. DIVARICA'TUM (Led. sem. hort. dorp. 1824. p. 5.) leaves
4-times pinnate ; terminal leaflets 3-parted : lateral ones simple,
or bipartite ; segments linear, cuspidate ; involucra of 1 leaf.
I/ . H. Native of Altaia. Said to be allied to L. Fischeri, Link.
Perhaps a species of Cenolophium.
Divaricate Lovage. PI. ?
18 L. CY'PRIUM (Spreng. umb. spec. p.
much branched, panicled ; leaves tripinnate ; leaflets cut, blunt-
ish, glabrous ; involucra of few leaves. I/ . H. Native of the
Island of Cyprus. Athamanta multiflora, Smith, fl. graec. t. 276.
prod. 1 . p. 1 88. The vittae being unknown, the species is there-
fore still obscure. It is probably a species of Cnidium.
Cyprus Lovage. PI. 1 foot.
19 L. OBTUSIFOLIUM (Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 270.) stem un-
known ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets cordate, orbicular, sharply
toothed ; involucra and involucels of many leaves. — Native of
Tangiers. Willd. enum. p. 312. Fruit unknown.
JBlunt-leqflelted Lovage. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1824. PL 2 ft.
20 L. ? NEPALE'NSE (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 185.) stem
terete, striated, glabrous, erect, very simple ; leaves septinately
pinnate ; leaflets ovate, acute, deeply serrated, nerved, cuneated
at the base : lower ones tripartite ; involucels of many leaves,
one half shorter than the umbellules. H.. H. Native of Ni-
paul, in Gosaingsthan. Umbels terminal, solitary, of many rays.
Calyx 5-toothed. Petals oval-oblong, cuspidate at the apex.
Fruit undescribed. Probably a species of Hymenolce"na.
Nipaul Lovage. PI. -| foot.
21 L. GINGI'DIUM (Forst. fl. aust. p. 140.) stem striated
petioles sheathing, loose ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets rather ob-
liquely cordate, oblong-ovate, obtuse, crenated, nerved. " If.. H.
Native of New Zealand, on the mountains. Gingidium mon-
tanum, Forst. gen. p. 42. t. 21. Involucra and involucels of 6
lanceolate-subulate leaves. Calyx 5-toothed, permanent. Petals
emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit ovate, roundish, with
8 stripes.
Chervil Lovage. PI. 1 to 2 feet ?
22 -L. ACIPHY'LLA (Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 554.) stem
sheathed ; leaves fan-shaped, multifid ; leaflets linear, stiff, quite
entire, nerved, pungent ; mericarps with 3 ribs. Tf.. H. Na-
tive of New Zealand. Aciphylla squarr6sa, Forst. gen. p. 1 36.
t. 68. Laserpitium aciphylla, Lin. fil. suppl. 181. Probably a
species of Cnidium, or a proper genus.
Pointed-leaved Lovage. PI. 1 foot.
23 L. ? DU'BIUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.. 19.)
stem branched, terete, striated, fistular ; leaves ternately decom-
pound, rather hairy beneath ; leaflets sessile, ovate-oblong, acute,
sharply crenate-serrated, cuneated at the base. I/ . H. Native
of New Spain, in humid places. Flowers white. Fruit un-
UMBELLIFER.E. LXXIX. LIGUSTICUM. LXXX. SILAUS.
319
known. According to Kunth, this is perhaps a species of He-
rdcleum.
Doubtful Lovage. PI. 1 foot.
24 L. ? GR.EVCUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 159.) stem erect,
branched; leaves all bipinnate. If.. H. Native of Greece.
Ligusticum Grse'cum folio-apii, Tourn. cor. p. 23. Accord-
ing to the fruit, which is preserved in the herbarium of the
museum of Paris, it is a true species of Ligusticum. Sium
Grse'cum, Lour, and S. Grae'cum, Lin. are very different plants
from this.
Greek Lovage. PI. ?
25 L. CAPE'NSE (D. C. prod. 4. p. 159.) stem erect, branched ;
leaves bipinnate ; leaflets short, thick ; involucra and involucels
of 3-5 leaves ; fruit ovate ; calyx obsolete. If. . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Athamanta Capensis, Burm. fl. cap.
p. 7. In Burmann's herbarium there are specimens of several
plants fastened on the same sheet of paper, under the name of
Athamanta Capensis, therefore the one which he meant to go
under this name is doubtful.
Cape Lovage. PI. 2 feet.
Cult. See Athamanta, p. 316. for culture and propagation.
LXXX. SILA'US (a name used by Pliny for an umbelliferous
plant). Besser, in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 34. in a note. Koch,
umb. p. 105. D. C. prod. 4. p. 161. — Peucedanum species of
Lin.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obovate-oblong, narrowed into an inflexed point, entire,
or rather emarginate, appendiculate at the base, or sessile and
truncate. Transverse section of fruit nearly terete. Mericarps
with 5 sharp, rather winged equal ribs : lateral ribs marginating ;
vittae many in each furrow, and so close together as to appear
like a single broad one ; and 4-6 in the commissure. Seed
somewhat semi-terete. — Glabrous, perennial herbs. Leaves cut
into many parts ; leaflets linear. Involucra wanting, or of few
leaves : involucels of many leaves. Flowers cream-coloured
or greenish. This genus is very nearly allied to Ligusticum. '
1 S. PRATE'NSIS (Bess. enum. pi. vohl. p. 43. no. 1367.) stem
angular ; leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets pinnate-parted :
segments rather remote, lanceolate, nerved, a little channelled,
cuspidate; involucra obsolete, or of 1-2 leaves. l/.H. Na-
tive of humid meadows, from Europe to Tauria ; and Siberia ;
in Britain, in rather moist meadows and pastures. Peucedanum
Silaus, Lin. spec. 354. Smith, engl, bot. 2142. Mart. rust.
t. 128. Jacq. aust. t. 15. Hayne, arz. gew. 7. t. 5. Cnidium
Silaus, Spreng. umb. prod. 40.' Schultes, syst. 6. p. 416. Sium
Silaus, Roth, fl. germ. 1. p. 129. Seseli pratense, Riv. pent.
irr. t. 58. Crantz, austr. 3. p. 209. t. 6. f. 1. Seseli selinoides,
Jacq. enum. vind. 227. Ligusticum Silaus, Duby, in D. C.
bot. gall. 1. p. 230.— Mor. hist. 3. sect. 9. t. 6. f. 10.— Lob.
icon. 738. f. 5. — Petiv. herb. brit. t. 28. f. 5. Root spindle-
shaped. Herb smooth, dark green. Leaves bipinnate ; leaflets
elliptic -lanceolate, entire: either undivided or separated almost
to the base into 2 or 3 segments of the same shape and magni-
tude. Umbels of several unequal rays. Involucra of from
1-3 linear, white-edged leaves, but most frequently none at all.
Involucels of several linear leaves. Flowers yellow or greenish
white. Fruit roundish-ovate. The whole plant, being fetid,
when bruised, is supposed in some parts of Norfolk to give a
bad flavour to milk and butter ; but cattle certainly do not eat
it ; except accidentally, or in small quantities, sufficient perhaps to
have the effect in question. Where this herb abounds in pas-
tures, it may be found partially cropped, though generally left
almost entire.
Meadow Pepper-saxifrage. Fl. Aug. Sept. Brit. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
2 S. TENUIFOLIUS (B.C. mem. soc. gen. vol. 4.) stem terete,
striated ; leaves 3 or 4 times pinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid or
trifid : segments linear, cuspidate, somewhat divaricate ; invo-
lucrum wanting; fruit cylindrical. If.. H. Native of Hun-
gary and Teneriffe ? Peucedanum tenuifolium, Desf. hort. par.
1813. p. 120. Poir. diet. 5. p. 228. but not of Thunb. Peu-
cedanum serotinum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 310. Peuced. Mathloli,
Spreng. in Schultes, syst. .6. p. 569. Silaus Mathloli, Koch,
umb. p. 106. Spreng. pug. 2. p. 56. umb. spec. p. 113. This
plant is usually to be found in gardens under the name of Meum
Sibiricum.
Fine-leaved Pepper-saxifrage. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
3 S. ALPE'STRIS (Bess. enum. pi. vohl. p. 43. no. 1405.) stem
striated; leaves bipinnate or tripinnate, with the ramifications
spreading ; leaflets pinnate ; lower segments 3 or 4-parted :
upper ones entire : lobes all entire, linear, cuspidate ; involucra
almost wanting ; leaves of involucels setaceous ; fruit ovate-
oblong. I/. H. Native of the south of Podolia, in open fields;
and of Altaia, near Schulbinsk, at the river Irtysch. Peuce-
danum alpestre, Spreng. umb. spec. p. 56. exclusive of the
synonymes. Peuced. Silaus, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 215. Silaus
Besseri, D. C. prod. 4. p. 161. Flowers yellowish. Differs
from S. tenuifolius in the fruit being shorter and thicker, nearly
ovate, not cylindrical. Compare it with Peucedanum alpestre,
Lin. which is not sufficiently known.
Alp Pepper-saxifrage. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1739. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
4 S. LONGIFOLIUS (Led. fl. ross. alt. 1. p. 323.) leaves supra-
decompound, with the ramifications rather divaricate ; leaflets
somewhat tripartite : segments lanceolate or linear, cuspidate ;
involucra almost wanting ; leaves of involucels setaceous, y. .
H. Native of Siberia, in meadows, about the rivers Irtysch
and Buchtorminsk. Ligusticum longifolium, Willd. spec. 1.
p. 1428. Athamanta denudata, Fisch. Angelica Fischeri,
Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 605. Crithmum Mediter-
raneum, Bieb. fl. taur. 3. p. 215. Ligusticum Fischeri, Link,
enum. 1. p. 276. Cnidium Fischeri, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 888. —
Gmel. sib. 1. p. 188. no. 4. t. 41. The Altaian plant differs
from the one collected on the banks of the Volga, in the leaves
being more profoundly divided, nearly ternate ; in the segments
being linear, not 3-5-parted ; in the lobes being lanceolate ; and
in the involucra being usually of 1 leaf. Furrows of fruit fur-
nished with 1 vittae each, but sometimes the outer ones have 2.
Var. ft, divaricatum ; segments of leaves longer. If, . H.
Cnidium divaricatum, Led. ind. sem. hort. dorp.
Long-leaved Pepper-saxifrage. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820.
PI. 2 feet.
5 S. CARVIFO'LIUS (Meyer, pflanz. p. 125.) root fusiform;
stem furrowed and striated, branched ; leaves bipinnate ;
leaflets of the radical leaves decussate : of the cauline linear,
divaricate ; involucra and involucels composed of short seta-
ceous leaves ; rays of umbel very unequal. H.. H. Native of
Caucasus, on the higher mountains. Bunium peucedanoides,
Bieb, fl. taur. 1. p. 208. suppl. 211. D. C. prod. 4>. p. 116.
Sium peucedanoides, Spreng. umb. spec. 41. no. 5. Peuce-
danum carvifolia, Bieb. Petals pale yellow. Vittae solitary in
the furrows, according to Besser : but there are 2-3 vittae in
nearly all the furrows, rarely solitary.
Caraway-leaved Pepper-saxifrage. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818.
PI. 1 ft.
6 S. ? PEUCEDANOIVDES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 161.) root turnip-
formed ; stem striated, fistular, somewhat trichotomous at the
apex ; leaves nearly ternate ; segments linear, acute, entire,
with revolute margins ; involucra of 1 leaf ; involucels wanting ;
umbels of 4-5 rays ; umbellules 8-10-flowered. O-?H. Na-
tive of South America, on temperate mountains about Popayan.
Cnidium peucedanoides, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
320
UMBELLIFER.E. LXXXI. WALLROTHIA. LXXX1I. MEUM. LXXXIII. GAYA.
15. Peucedanum junceum, Willd. mss. in Schultes, syst. C.
p. 576. From the yellow entire petals, it comes nearer Silaus
than Cnidium, but the involucel is wanting.
Sulphur-nort-like Pepper-saxifrage. PI. 2 feet ?
Cult. See Athamanta, p. 116. for culture and propagation.
LXXXI. WALLROTHIA (in honour of F. Wallroth, M. D.
a German botanist). Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 45. exclu-
sive of some species. D. C. coll. diss. 5. p. 49. t. 1. f. A. prod.
4. p. 162. — Ligusticum species, Roem. D. C. and Lapeyr. —
Meum species of Duby.
LIN. SYST. Pcntdndria, Monogynia. Teeth of calyx 5, ovate-
lanceolate, acute (f. 56. A. 6.). Petals entire, elliptic, acute at
the base and apex (f. 56. A. d.). Transverse section of fruit
nearly terete ; mericarps with 5 prominent, equal ribs : la-
teral ribs marginating. Vittse 1 in each furrow, and 2 in the
commissure. — A smooth perennial herb. Radical leaves decom-
pound ; leaflets linear-lanceolate. Involucra of 1-3 unequal
leaves ; involucels of 5-8 linear-lanceolate leaves. Flowers
white. This genus is intermediate between Meum and Ligus-
ticum ; it differs from the first in the calyx being evidently 5-
tootlied, and from the last in the petals being entire.
1 W. TENUIFO'LIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 162.). y.. H. Native
of the central Pyrenees, among rocks, but rare, as at Port
d'Aulus, Estive de Luz, L'hieris, Eaux-bonnes, &c. Ligusti-
cum tenuifolium, Roem. in D. C. fl. fr. 4. (1805.) p. 309.
Spreng. prod. 41. Ligust. splendens, Lapeyr. abr. (1813.) p.
156. Wallrothia splendens, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 557.
Meum tenuifolium, Duby, in D. C. bot. gall. p. 230. Daucus
Pyrenaicus tenuifolius lucidus, and Ligusticum Pyrenaicum fce-
niculi folio lucidum, Tourn. herb.
Fine-leaved Wallrothia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1825. PI. 1 ft.
Cult. See Athamanta, p. 116. for culture and propagation.
LXXXII. ME'UM (from puwv, melon, smaller ; in reference
to the delicacy of the leaves). Tourn. inst. p. 312. t. 165.
Jacq. Pers. Gsertn. Lag. am. nat. p. 100. Koch, umb.
p. 103. D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 49. — Ligusticum species, D. C.
fl. fr. — jEthusa, Athamanta, Ligusticum, and Phellandrium of
authors.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals entire, elliptic, acute at the base and apex. Transverse
section of fruit nearly terete. Mericarps with 5 prominent,
acutely keeled, equal ribs : lateral ribs marginating ; vittae many
in the furrows, and 6-8 in the commissure. Seed nearly semi-
terete. — Glabrous, perennial herbs. Stems nearly simple, terete,
striated. Leaves supra-decompound, or pinnate ; leaflets mul-
tifid : segments slender, linear, acute. Involucra almost want-
ing ; involucels of many leaves. Flowers white or purple.
This genus is distinguished from Ligusticum in the calyx being
without teeth and in the petals being entire.
1 M. ATHAMA'NTICUM (Jacq. fl. austr. t. 303.) leaves supra-
decompound, divided into numerous, fine, setaceous leaflets or
segments ; stems leafy, not much branched ; involucra of a few
linear leaves, which are often 3-cleft at the apex, but often
wanting altogether ; involucels of more numerous, entire, or cut
leaves, somewhat dimidiate. ^. H. Native of Europe, in
mountain pastures ; plentiful on the mountains in the north of
England ; and abundant in the Highlands of Scotland. Smith,
engl. bot. 2249. Meum, Raii syn. 207. Dod. pempt. 305.
f. 1. Math, valgr. 1. p. 22. f. 1. Cam. epit. 7. f. 1. Riv.
pent. irr. t. 63. Dalech. lugd. 769. f. 1-2. Athamanta Meum,
Lin. spec. 353. Ligusticum capillaceum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 454.
Ligusticum Meum, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 310. Crantz, aust. fasc. 3.
p. 82. Hayne arz. gew. 7. t. 12. Jithusa Meum, Lin. syst.
vcg. 287. Daucus Creticus, Trag. hist. 445. f. 1. — Moris, hist.
3. p. 270. sect. 9. t. 2. f. 2. Roots tapering. Stems hollow.
Petals sometimes slightly obcordate. The whole plant, but
especially the root, is highly aromatic, with a hot biting flavour
like lovage, which it communicates to milk and butter, from the
cows feeding upon its herbage in spring. A strong infusion of
this herb is said to give cheese the taste and odour of the Swiss
chapziegar. The seeds, as well as the roots are recommended
as carminatives and stomachics. The plant is called Spignel,
Men or Bald-money in England, and Highland-miken in Scotland.
Athamanta-like or Common Bald-money. Fl. May, June.
Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 M. MUTELLINA (Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 106. t. 23.) leaves
bipinnate or tripinnate ; leaflets lanceolate-linear, cut, acute ; stem
nearly naked, simple ; involucra wanting : leaves of involucel
lanceolate. If. . H. Native of middle Europe, in high sub-
alpine pastures. Mutellina, J. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 2. p. 66. Phel-
landrium mutellina, Lin. spec. p. 366. Jacq. austr. t. 56. hort.
vind. t. 223. Ligusticum mutellina, All. pedem. t. 60. f. 1.
D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 310. ^Ethusa mutellina, Lam. fl. fr. p. 1025.
CEnanthe purpurea, Lam. diet. 4. p. 530.— Cam. epit. p. 8.
with a figure. — Park, theat. 889. f. 5. Herb and root aro-
matic. In Switzerland, Haller says, the goodness of the pas-
tures are estimated by the abundance of this plant. The flowers
are probably always purple while young.
Mutellina or Swiss Bald-money. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1 774.
PI. .| to 1 foot.
Cult. See Athamanta, p. 116. for culture and propagation.
LXXXIII. GA'YA (in honour of M. Gay, a distinguished
French botanist). Gaud, feuill. vaud. 1825. no. 157. p. 28. fl.
helv. 2. p. 389. D. C. coll. diss. 5. p. 49. prod. 4. p. 163. but
not of Kunth. Laserpitium, spec. Lin. Hall, and Lam. — Li-
gusticum spec. All. Spreng. Koch. — Arpitium. Neck. elem.
no. 278.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsc/lete.
Petals obovate, more or less emarginate, with a broad inflexecl'
point. Fruit oval, rather compressed ; mericarps with 5 ele-
vated, wing-formed ribs, which are contiguous at the base, ob-
tuse : outer ones marginal. Vittae none. Carpophore bipar-
tite. Seed nearly semi-terete, easily separated from the covering.
-^Perennial mountain herbs. Leaves all radical, pinnate ;
leaflets bipinnatifid : lobes linear. Stems naked, simple. Um-
bels compound. Involucra of few leaves. Flowers equal,
fertile, white. This genus differs from Meum in the petals
being emarginate, not entire ; in the furrows of the fruit being
without vittae, and in the fruit being rather bladdery.
1 G. SI'MPLEX (Gaudin, 1. c.) leaves of involucra few (7-10),
somewhat trifid. If. . H. Native of the higher Alps, from
Dauphiny to Carinthia. Laserpitium simplex, Lin. iiiant. p.
56. Jacq. misc. 2. t. 2. Ligusticum simplex, All. pedem. no.
1324. Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 553. Vill. dauph. 2.
t. 14. Laserpitium lucidum, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. J. p.
345. ex Spreng. Root branched. Flowers reddish.
^rap/e-stemmed Gaya. Fl.Jul. Clt. 1775. PI. | foot.
2 G. PYRENAVICA (Gaudin, 1. c. in a note) leaves of involucra
1-5, undivided. l/.H. Native of the higher Pyrenees. Pim-
pinella dioica /3, Lapeyr. abr. p. 166. Seseli nanum, L. Dufour,
in litt. Seseli montanum, var. Benth. cat. It differs from the
first in its more stiff", branched habit, in its glaucous colour, in
its 1 -leaved stem, in the leaflets and segments being lanceolate,
in the ribs of the mericarps being less elevated. Plant small,
glabrous. Root thick.
Pyrenean Gaya. PI. ^ foot.
Cult. These plants should be grown in pots, in a mixture of
peat and loam, and placed among other alpine plants. They
are increased by seeds.
UMBELLIFER^E. LXXXIV. CONIOSELINUM. LXXXV. CRITHMUM. LXXXVI. LEVISTICUM.
321
LXXXIV. CONIOSELVNUM (a name evidently composed
of Conium and Selinum). Fisch. in Hoffm. umb. ed. 2. p. 185.
tit. f. 5. Koch, diss. ined. D C. prod. 4. p. 163.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obcordate or obovate, with an indexed point. Styles at
length diverging, reflexed. Fruit rather compressed from the
back, or convex ; mericarps with 5 winged ribs ; the lateral ribs
twice the breadth of the others, and marginal ; vittse unequal,
3 in the lateral furrows, but usually 2 in the dorsal ones, and
4-8 in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed flat on
one side — Glabrous, biennial herbs. Stems branched, fistular.
Leaves bipinnate ; leaflets pinnate-parted : segments oblong-
linear. Umbels terminal, of many rays. Involucra wanting,
or of few leaves. Involucels of 5-7 linear-subulate leaves, which
are about equal in length to the umbellules, or longer. This is
an ambiguous genus, intermediate between the tribe Peucedanece
and Sesclinece ; with the first it agrees in the mericarps being
winged, and with the last in the mericarps being convex on the
back. Flowers white.
1 C. FISCHE'RI (Wimm. et Grab, ex flora 1828. p. 215.).
$ . H. Native of Siberia, Tartary, Ingria, Silesia, and Savoy,
on the mountains ; North America between the Coppermine and
Mackenzie rivers ; Labrador ; Straits of De Fuca, on the north-
west coast ; Kotzebue's Sound. C. Tataricum, Hoffm. 1. c.
Perhaps C. 1'ngricum or C. neglectum, Fisch. in litt. is not dis-
tinct from this. Perhaps Ligusticum Gmelini, Cham, et Schlecht.
in Linnsea. 1. p. 391. and Gmel. sib. 1. p. 195. t. 44. apper-
tains also to this plant. Perhaps all these different names be-
long to different species, or probably to the same, but they are
so much confused that it is impossible to extricate them.
Fischer's Conioselinum. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. This plant is only to be increased by seed, which
should be sown in the open ground early in spring. A light
soil suits it best.
LXXXV. CRITHMUM (from KptOr,, krithe, barley ; simi-
larity in the seeds). Tourn. inst. p. 317. t. 169. Lin. gen. no.
340. Koch, umb. p. 102. D. C: prod. 4. p. 16t. Cachrys
species, Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obso-
lete. Petals roundish, entire, involute, ending in an obovate
segment. Transverse section of fruit nearly terete ; mericarps
with 5 elevated, sharp, rather winged ribs : lateral ribs a little
broader than the rest, and marginating ; pericarp spongy, with
large cells. Seed semi-terete, constituting a free nucleus, which
is covered with copious vittse in every part.— A suffruticose,
glabrous, fleshy herb. Petioles sheathing at the base. Leaves
bipinnate ; leaflets oblong-linear. Umbels compound. Invo-
lucra and involucels of many leaves. Flowers white. This
genus differs from all others in the present tribe as the genus
Archangelica does from the rest of the genera in tribe Ange-
liceee, in the seed being a free nucleus, covered with copious vittae.
1 C. MARI'TIMUM (Lin. spec. 354.). 1£. H. Native of rocky
sea-shores and cliffs ; as along the Black Sea, in Tauria ; and
along the Mediterranean Sea ; and of Europe along the shores
of the Western Ocean from Spain to Britain ; and of the Canary
Islands ; in Britain, on the rocky sea-shore and cliffs. Smith,
engl. bot. 819. Jacq. hort. vind. 2. t. 87. Cachrys maritima,
Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 442. Crethamus, Cord. hist.
201. f. 1. Sampire, Petiv. hort. brit. t. 24. f. 8. — Lob. icon.
392. f. 1.— Bauh. hist. 3. p. 2. 194. f. 1. Moris, hist. 3. p.
289. sect. 9. t. 7. f. 1. Root branched, creeping extensively.
Herb greenish-glaucous, salt, and pungently aromatic in flavour.
Stems ascending. Leaves biternate ; leaflets uniform, lanceo-
late, tapering at the base. Leaves of involucra and involucels
ovate, acute, spreading, rather short. Flowers white, with yel-
VOL. in.
lowish anthers. Samphire is called Perce-picrre and Saint-pierre
of which our English name appears to be a corruption) in French ;
Meerfeuche in German ; and Finnochio marino in Italian. The
herb makes an old-fashioned English pickle, as those know
who read Shakspeare's King Lear. It is sold in the London
shops ; but there are many plants preferred for the same pur-
pose, as Salicbrnea herbacea and Inula crithmifolia, &c., and is
a frequent addition in salads. In taste it is crisp and aromatic,
and constitutes alight and wholesome condiment. It is generally
gathered in places where it is found wild ; and the allusion to
the practice by Shakspeare, in his description of Dover Cliffs,
is well known. The plant is also used medicinally.
Var. ft, Canariense (Cav. anal, scienc. nat. 1801. vol. 3. p.
35.) leaves more sheathing (ex Cav.), but the difference between
the Canary Island plant and the European is hardly discernible.
Sea-side or Common Samphire. Fl. Aug. Brit. PI. 1 ft.
Cult. Samphire is propagated by parting the roots, or by
sowing the seeds in April ; but is rather difficult of cultivation.
Marshall says " it likes a cool situation ; but yet prefers a
sandy or a gravelly soil, and plenty of water. Some," he adds,
" have found it to do best in pots, set for the morning sun only."
J. Braddick placed it in a sheltered dry situation, screened from
the morning sun, protected it by litter during winter, and in
spring sprinkled the soil with a little powdered barilla. " This
I do," he says " to furnish the plant with a supply of soda, since,
in its native place of growth, it possesses the power of de-
composing sea water, from which it takes the fossil alkali, and
rejects the muriatic acid. With this treatment it has continued
to flourish at Thames Ditton for some years, producing an
ample supply of shoots, which are cut twice in the season, for
pickling or to be used in salads.
Tribe VI.
ANGELI'CEjE (this tribe contains plants agreeing in im-
portant characters with the genus Angelica) or Orthospermae
paucijugatae tetrapterae, Koch, umb. p. 98. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 164. Fruit compressed from the back, girded by a double
dilated winged margin, from the raphe being central or nearly
so, hence the fruit is furnished with 2 wings on both sides.
Mericarps with 5 ribs : dorsal 3 filiform or winged : lateral 2
always expanded into wings, and always broader than the dor-
sal ones, even if they also should be winged. Seeds rather
convex on the back, and flattish in front.
LXXXVI. LEVI'STICUM (from levo, to assuage ; said to
relieve flatulency). Koch, umb. p. 101 . f. 41. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 164. — Ligusticum, Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 91. but not of Koch.
— Angelica species of Lam. All. and D. C. — Ligusticum species
of Lin. and Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals incurved, roundish, entire, with a short point. Fruit
compressed from the back, having 2 wings on each side :
the mericarps gaping towards the margin. Mericarps with 5
winged ribs : the wings of the lateral ribs twice the breadth of
the others ; vittse 1 in each furrow, and 2-4 in the commissure.
Carpophore bipartite. Seed convex on the back, and flattish in
front. — A strong, perennial, glabrous, smooth herb. Stems
terete. Leaves ternately decompound ; leaflets obovate-cunea-
ted, deeply toothed, rather coriaceous. Involucra and invo-
lucels of many leaves. Flowers yellow.
1 L. OFFICINA'LE (Koch, 1. c.). I/- H. Native of the Py-
renees, Cevennes, Dauphiny, Liguria, west of Germany, and
Transylvania. Ligusticum Levisticum, Lin. spec. p. 359.
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 567. Hayn. arz. gew. 7. t. 6. Woodv.
med. bot. t. 190. Blackw. icon. t. 275. Angelica pal udapi-
folia, Lam. diet. 1. p. 173. Angelica Levisticum, All. pedem.
no. 1309. Levisticum vulgare, Moris, hist. sect. 9. t. 3. The
TT
322 UMBELLlFERjE. LXXXVI. LEVISTICUM. LXXXV1I. SELINUM. LXXXVIII. OSTERICUM. LXXXIX. AKGELICA.
odour of this plant is strong aud peculiar ; its taste is warm and
aromatic. It abounds with a yellowish, gummy, resinous juice,
very much resembling Opopanax. Its qualities are supposed to
be similar to those of Angelica and Masternort in expelling flatu-
lences, and exciting perspiration ; therefore chiefly used in hys-
terical disorders and uterine obstructions. The leaves, eaten as
salad, are accounted as emmenagogue. The root, which is not
so ungrateful as the leaves, is said to possess similar virtues, and
may be employed in powder.
Officinal or Common Lovage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1596.
PI. 4 to 6 feet.
Cult. This plant will grow in any soil ; and is easily increased
by dividing at the root.
LXXXVII. SELI'NUM (acXit'of, selinon, is the Greek name
for parsley ; similarity in the leaves). Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 150.
Koch, umb. 100. f. 22-23. D. C. prod. 4. p. 165 — Mylinum,
Gaudin, fl. helv. 2. p. 344. but not of Pers. — Angelica species
of Spreng. — Selinum species, Lin. — Thysselinum, Adans. fam.
2. p. 100.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obovate, emarginate. Fruit compressed from the back,
furnished with 2 wings on each side from the raphe being cen-
tral ; mericarps with 5 membranous, winged ribs ; wings of the
lateral ribs twice the breadth of the others ; vittse 1 in each
furrow, but there are often 2 in the outer furrows, and always 2
in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. — Glabrous peren-
nial herbs. Leaves ternately decompound or tripinnate ; leaf-
lets pi u nat if id. Umbels compound. Involucra of few leaves ;
involucels of many leaves. Flowers white.
1 S. CARVIFOLIA (Lin. spec. p. 350.) stem angularly furrowed;
rays of umbel glabrous ; petals emarginate, with an inflexed
point. 1£. H. Native of Europe (Britain only excepted), in
humid and stagnant shady places of woods. Jacq. aust. t. 16.
D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 322. Oed. fl. dan. t. 667. S. membran-
aceum, Vill. cat. strasb. t. 6. S. angulatum, Lam. fl. fr. 4.
p. 419. S. pseudo-carvifolia, All. pedem. no. 1306. Angelica
carvifolia, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 606. Laserpitium
selinoides, Scop. earn. 1. p. 198. Carvifolia, Bauh. pin. 158.
Mylinum carvifolium, Gaud. fl. helv. 2. p. 344. Carum pra-
tense, Park, theat. 910. no. 3. Angelica tenuifolia, Riv. pent.
t. 18. Thysselinum palustre, Vaill. bot. par. t. 5. f. 2.
Caraway-leaved Milk-parsley. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774.
PI. 2 feet.
2 S. CANDOLLII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 165.) stem terete ; rays of
umbel pubescent ; petals obcordate, having the middle nerve
crested above. I/ . H. Native of Nipaul, on the mountains at
Komaon. Angelica ? Candollii, Wall. mss. Leaves ternately
decompound; leaflets slender, multifid. Umbels terminal, of
many rays. Involucra of many or of few leaves, or wanting,
or soon falling off. Petals nearly as in the genus Ptychotis.
Fruit as in S. carvifolia, but larger, and more ovate. Seed
furrowed on the back.
De Candolle's Milk- parsley. PI. 2 feet.
3 S. TEREBI'NTHINUM (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 266. t. 95.)
plant glabrous in every part ; leaves tripinnate, stiff, glaucous ;
segments pinnatifid : lobes short, linear, acute ; peduncles elon-
gated ; involucra wanting ; leaves of involucels linear, short ;
mericarps with 5 broad, undulating ribs. 1£. H. Native of
the north-west coast of America, common on the sandy grounds
of Wallawallah river. Root fusiform. Rays of umbel very
unequal. Fruit rather large, ovate, compressed. The genus
to which this plant belongs is truly doubtful. The fruit not
corresponding well with any described genus.
Turpentine Milk-parsley. PI. 1-| foot.
4 S. STELLA'TUM (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 185.) leaves pin-
nate ; leaflets ovate, mucronate, 3-lobed and deeply toothed,
glabrous ; involucra of 2-3 leaves ; rays of umbel pubescent ;
leaves of involucels large, coloured ; fruit glabrous. If. . H.
Native of Nipaul. Astrantia spec. Wall, in litt. Stems branched,
erect. Rays of umbel equal. Leaves of involucels elliptic-
oblong, membranous, much longer than the umbellules.
Starry Milk-parsley. PI. 2 feet ?
Cult. Seedngelica, p. 323. for culture and propagation.
LXXXVIII. OSTE'RICUM (meaning unknown to us).
Hoffm. umb. p. 162. Koch, umb. 100. D. C. prod. 4. p. 167.
— Angelica species, Fisch. Spreng. and Lag.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria. Digynia. Calyx with 5 broad teeth.
Petals unguiculate, obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point.
Fruit compressed from the back, furnished with 2 wings on both
sides from the raphe being central. Mericarps with 3 dorsal
elevated filiform ribs, but the 2 lateral ribs are dilated into
much broader wings ; vittse 1 in each furrow. Carpophore bi-
partite. Seed flat. — A perennial herb. Stem furrowed, quite
glabrous. Leaves ternately decompound, rough beneath ; leaf-
lets rather divaricate, ovate-cordate, unequally toothed. Um-
bels compound. Involucra of few leaves ; involucels of many
leaves. Flowers white.
1 O. PRATE'NSE (Hoffm. 1. c. p. 164.). T£. H. Native of
Gallicia, in moist low meadows, about Erford and Charkow.
Angelica pratensis, Bieb. in Spreng. umb. spec. p. 60. Impe-
raloria palustris, Bess. fl. gal. 1. p. 214. O. palustre, Besser.
in litt. Rchb. icon, t/ 402. Selinum odoratum, Bernh. ined.
Angelica palustris, Bess. cat. hort. crem. 1816. p. 12.
Meadow Ostericum. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. PL 3 feet.
Cult. See Opopanax above for culture and propagation.
LXXXIX. ANGE'LICA (so named from the supposed an-
gelic virtues of some species). Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 158. Koch,
umb. 99. f. 20-21. Gaudin, fl. helv. 2. p. 340. D. C. prod..
4. p. 167. — Angelica species, Lin. Spreng. and Lag.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals lanceolate, entire, acuminated; points straight or incurved.
Fruit compressed from the back, furnished with 2 wings on both
sides from the raphe being central ; mericarps with 3 dorsal,
filiform, elevated ribs, and 2 lateral ones which are dilated into
membranous wings, more or less broader than the dorsal ones ;
vittse 1 in each furrow. Seed nearly semi-terete. Carpophore
bipartite, free. — Perennial or biennial herbs. Leaves bipinnate.
Umbels terminal. Involucra wanting or of few leaves ; invo-
lucels of many leaves. Flowers white.
SECT. I. EUANGE'LICA (from eu, well, and angelica; this sec-
tion contains what are considered the true species of the genus).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 167. Petals with a longish taper point, rarely
obcordate. Vittae one in each furrow, and 2 in the commissure.
Stems leafy. Petioles much dilated.
1 A. RAZOU'LSII (Gouan. ill. 13. t. 6.) stem striated, pubes-
cent at the apex ; leaves bipinnate or tripinnate ; leaflets lan-
ceolate, serrated, acute, scabrous beneath, decurrent at the base,
and sometimes 2-parted ; involucra usually of one leaf only ;
pedicels pubescent. I/ . H. Native of the Pyrenees. D. C. fl.
fr. 4. p. 305. and 5. p. 508. A. ebulifolia, Lapeyr. abr. p.
156. A. Tournefortiana, Cusson. A. Pyrenaica tenuifolia,
Tourn. herb. — Bocc. mus. t. 99. The villa? in the commissure
is covered by a pericarp. The points of the petals are incurved.
The mericarps are ovate, and the stamens are very long. It
was first discovered by M. Razouls, an apothecary at Perpig-
non. Flowers purple before expansion, but afterwards while.
Var. j3 ; leaves of involucels foliaceous, dilated ; pedicels of
umbellules few and elongated. l/.H. Native of the Pyrenees,
about Querigut. D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 508.
UMBELLIFERjE. LXXXIX. ANGELICA. XC. ARCHANGELICA.
323
Razoulis Angelica. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. 3 feet.
2 A. MONTA'NA (Schleich. exsic. Koch, umb. 99.) stem
striated, pubescent at the apex ; leaves tripinnate ; leaflets lan-
ceolate or ovate, acuminated, quite glabrous, sharply and mu-
cronately serrated : upper ones decurrent at the base ; involucra
of 1-3 leaves ; pedicels pubescent. If. or $ , H. Native of
mountain pastures on the Alps of Jura, Cevennes, and Volhynia.
Gaudin, fl. helv. 2. p. 341. A. Razulii var. ft, Lois. fl. gall,
ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 202. Imperatoria montana, D. C. fl. fr. 5. p.
504. Imp. flavescens, Bess. prim. fl. galic. 1. p. 213. Angel.
Razoulii, All. pedem. no. 310. and Spreng. umb. spec. p. 61.
exclusive of the syn. Angel, sylvestris var. C, C. Vill. dauph.
2. p. 628. Mericarps broad, ovate. Vittae somewhat super-
ficial. Stamens very long. Points of petals short and nearly
straight. Involucra deciduous.
Mountain Angelica. Fl. July. Clt. 1818. PI. 3 feet.
3 A. SYLVE'STBIS (Lin. spec. 361.) stem polished, striated, often
purple, with wide spreading branches, pubescent at the apex,
as well as the peduncles ; leaves bipinnate or tripinnate, rather
glaucous ; leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, unequally
and sharply serrated, never decurrent at the base ; involucra of
1-2 leaves. I/. H. Native of Europe, Siberia, and Caucasus,
in watery places, alder cars, and along the banks of rivers, com-
mon ; plentiful in like situations in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t.
1128. Woodv. suppl. t. 265. Ger. ernac. 999. f. 1. Dodon,
pempt. 318. f. 1. Camer. epit. 900. f. 1. Lob. icon. 699. An-
gelica palustris, Riv. pent. t. 1 7. Hayne, arz. gew. 7. t. 9.
Water Angelica, Petiv. herb. brit. t. 24. t. 10. Imperatoria syl-
vestris, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 286. Selinum sylvestre, Crantz,
austr. 177. Selinum angelica, Roth, germ. 1. p. 133. Selinum
pubescens, Moench, meth. p. 80. Umbels convex, with nu-
merous general and partial downy rays. Flowers white, but
more generally flesh-coloured. Points of petals erectish. Vittae
in the commissure superficial. The flavour is more bitter, and
less grateful than the Archangelica, but the virtues of both are
similar. The herb dyes a good yeHow.
Wild Angelica. Fl. July. Britain. PI. 4 to 6 feet.
4 A. LU'CIDA (Lin. spec. p. 360.) stem terete, glabrous ; leaves
bipinnate ; leaflets equal, ovate, deeply serrated ; sheaths dilat-
ed ; involucra and involucels of 5 leaves each. 2/. H. Native
of North America, from Canada to Pennsylvania, in moist shady
places. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 193. Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t.
24. — Moris, hist. sect. 9. t. 3. f. 8. Ang. lobata, Walt. car. p.
115. ? ex Torr. The petals are said to be elliptic, pale green,
with an inflexed point. By Jacquin the flowers are said to be
whitish, or of a pale yellow-colour.
Shining-\eaveA Angelica. FL July, Aug. Clt. 1640. PI. 2 ft.
5 A. TRIQUINA'TA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 167.) stem
terete, pubescent above ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets on the lower
branches of the petiole ternate : all oval and acuminated at both
ends, sharply serrated ; umbels clothed with velvety pubescence
at the time of flowering. Tf. . H. Native of North America, on
dry hills and in woods. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 186. Torrey, fl.
un. st. 1. p. 315. A. hirsuta, Muhl. cat. no. 30. Pastinaca
triquinata, Spreng. umb. spec. 68. t. 6. f. 2. Ferula villosa,
Walt. car. no. 115. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 192, exclusive
of the synonyme.
Triquinate-leaved Angelica. FL July, Aug. Clt. 1810.
PL 2 feet.
SECT. II. PSEUDANGE'LICA (this section is supposed to contain
false species of the genus ; hence the name). D. C. prod. 4. p.
168. — Angelica species, Spreng. Koch. — Selinum species, Gouan.
—Seseli species, Lin. Petals elliptic, acuminated or mucro-
nated. The fruit is like that of the last section, but differs in
there being usually 4 vittae in the commissure. Rays of umbels
very unequal, the central ones very short.
6 A. PYREN^A (Spreng. umb. spec. p. 62.) stem furrowed,
simple, almost leafless ; radical leaves somewhat bipinnate, gla-
brous ; leaflets erectish, pinnatifid ; segments linear, acute ; rays
of umbel 4-7 ; involucra of one setaceous leaf. 1£. H. Native
of the Pyrenees and Cevennes, in mountain pastures. Seseli
Pyrenae'um, Lin. spec. 374. Selinum alicastrum, Link. Selinum
Pyrenas'um Gouan, ill. p. 11. t. 5. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 323. DeLa
Chenal, in act. helv. 7. p. 332. t. 12. Selinum Lachenalii,
Gmel. fl. bad. als. 1 . p. 460. t 3 — Moris, hist. sect. 9. t. 9. f.
2. Mericarps ovate, elliptic, with superficial vittae. Herb
rather glaucous. Root flowing with milky juice. From the
stem there is often one leaf, having a broad petiole, from the
axil of which issues a branch. Involucels of many bristle-shaped
leaves.
Pyrenean Angelica. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1800. PL 1 foot.
t Species not sufficiently known.
7 A. INTEGRIFOLIA (Walt. car. p. 115.) leaflets entire, petio-
late. If. H. Native of Carolina. The rest unknown.
Enlire-leafietted Angelica. PL ?
8 A. BRACTEA'TA (Roxb. in Beats, trav. voy. append, p.
297.) stem fistular ; leaves unequally pinnate ; leaflets rather
cordate, 3-7-nerved, finely jagged, serrated ; bracteas or sheaths
broad, nearly orbicular at the base of the petioles, and between
the segments ; involucra and involucels of 6-10 broad lanceo-
late leaves each. I/ . H. Native of the Island of St. Helena,
where it is called by the inhabitants common angelica. Petals
white, oval-oblong, incurved. Umbellules globose. Fruit un-
known. Perhaps a species of Archangelica.
Bracteate Angelica. PL 8 to 4 feet ?
Cult. Any soil will suit the species of Angelica, and they are
easily increased by seeds.
XC. ARCHANGE'LICA (from apx7?) arche, original, and
angelica). Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 166. f. tit. 19,20. Koch, umb. 98.
f. 17-19. Gaudin, fl. helv. 2. p. 342. D. C. prod. 4. p. 169
Angelica species, Lin. Spreng. Lag.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx with 5
short teeth. Petals elliptic, entire, acuminated, with an in-
curved point. Fruit rather compressed from the back, fur-
nished with 2 wings on each side, from the raphe being nearly
central. Mericarps with 5 thickish keeled ribs, the 3 dorsal
ribs elevated, and the 2 lateral ones dilated into wings, which are
twice the breadth of the others. Seed not adhering to its tegu-
ment, but distinct from it, and covered by copious vittae all over.
Carpophore bipartite. — Perennial or biennial herbs. Leaves
pinnate ; leaflets broadly ovate, acute, coarsely toothed : termi-
nal one lobed. Petioles large, sheathing, and rather bladdery.
Involucra wanting or nearly so ; involucels dimidiate, of many
leaves. Flowers white or greenish.
1 A. OFFICINA'LIS (Hoffm. and Koch, 1. c.) stem polished,
striated, a little glaucous, branched in the upper part ; leaves
ternate, then pinnate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate or subcordate,
cut, and sharply serrated, partly decurrent : the odd one deeply
3-lobed ; petioles dilated and tumid at the base ; involucra of a
very few linear leaves, or wanting altogether; leaves of involu-
cels linear-lanceolate. $ . H. Native of Europe, on mountains
by river sides, particularly in Lapland, Sweden, Norway, Ger-
many, Carpathian mountains ; and from Unalaschka to the Bay
of Eschscholtz ; and now cultivated every where for the sake of
its stalks. In Britain in watery places, rare, apparently a natu-
ralized plant ; as about the Tower of London, and on the banks
of ditches frequent ; in marshes among reeds by the side of the
T t 2
324
UMBELLIFER^E. XC. ARCHANOELICA. XCI. OPOPANAX.
Thames, between Woolwich and Plumstead, very abundantly ;
in the county of Durham ; and at Broadmere, about 7 miles
north-west from Birmingham. Angelica Archangelica, Lin.
spec. 360. Oed. fl. dan. t. 206. Nees, off. pfl. 9. t. 14. Hayn.
arz. gew. 7. t. 8. Smith, engl. bot. 2561. Woodv. med. bot. t.
60. Angelica officinalis, Moench, meth. p. 81. Angel, saliva,
Mill. diet. no. 1. Riv. pent. t. 15. Petiv. herb. brit. t. 24. f. 9.
Gamer, epit. 899. f. 1. — Ger. emac. 1000. Flowers greenish.
The garden angelica was formerly cultivated on account of its
leaf-stalks, which were blanched, and eaten as celery ; now they
are used only when candied, being, when so prepared, acceptable
to most people, and are not so powerfully aromatic ; the young
and tender stalks are for this purpose collected in May. Some-
times also the seeds and leaves are used in medicinal prepara-
tions. The root, which is the most efficacious part, is used in
the aromatic tincture. Of the anti-pestilential virtues of the
root, those who wish to be informed will find amusement at
least in old Gerarde, p. 1000.
The plant delights in moist situations, or the bank of running
water ; but will grow freely in any soil or exposure. The
plants are raised from seed, and for a bed 4^ feet by 6, sown in
drills a foot apart, to be transplanted ; half an ounce of seed
will be requisite. " Sow in August, or as soon as the seed is
ripe, as the plants will come up earlier and stronger than from
sowing in the spring. When the plants are advanced from 4 to
6 inches high, transplant them into rows 2 feet apart. They
will soon strike root, and advance quickly in strong growth. In
the second year these strong erect branchy stalks will be several
feet high, producing large umbels of flowers and seed, ripening
in autumn, which, as well as the leaves of the plant, are used in
medicine. But for candying, the young shoots of the stem and
stalks of the leaves are the useful parts ; being cut while green
and tender in May and June, they are made by the confectioners
into the sweet-meat called angelica. In the second year, if seed
is not wanted, cut the plants down in May, and the stock will
send out side shoots ; by repeating this practice every year, the
same plant may be long continued." — Abercrombie.
Officinal or Garden-angelica. Fl. June, Sept. . Britain. PI.
4 to C feet.
2 A. ATROPURPU'R'EA (Hoffm. umb. 169.) stem polished, pur-
ple, with a glaucous bloom, branched at the top ; leaves ternate,
then pinnate ; leaflets ovate, acute, deeply serrated, and some-
what lobed : the terminal ones confluent ; petioles dilated, and
tumid at the base ; branches and umbels pubescent ; involucra
wanting ; the involucels of many narrow leaves. $ . H. Na-
tive from Canada to Virginia, in moist meadows. Angelica
atropurpurea, Lin. spec. 360. Lam. diet. 1. p. 173. Torr. fl. un.
st. 1. p. 316. Angelica triquinata, Bigel. fl. bost. p. 68. ex Torr.
—Corn. can. 199. with a bad figure — Moris, hist. sect. 9. t. 3.
f. 9. bad. Petals rusty purplish or white. The plant may be
used in the same way as the A. officinalis.
Dark-purple-slemmed Archangelica. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
1 759. PI. 4 to 6 feet.
3 A. DECU'RRENS (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 166. fl. alt. 1. p.
316.) stem striated, with a glaucous bloom, furnished with leaves
and axillary branches at the base ; leaves pinnate or bipinnate :
lower leaflets pinnate, upper ones pinnatifid : segments oblong,
or ovate-oblong, acuminated, decurrent : odd one 3-lobed ; in-
volucra of many narrow leaves. "%.. H. Native of Altaia,
every where on the margin of rivulets. Flowers like those of A.
officinalis, but varying more to yellow. Habit of A. officinalis,
but differs in the leaves being much acuminated, those on the
secondary branches of the petiole running down it a great way,
and serrated their whole length. Fruit exhaling a heavy smell
when rubbed.
Decurrent-leafieited. Archangelica. Fl. year. PI. 6 to 8 ft.
4 A. LITTORA'LIS (Agardh, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 170.)
stem glabrous, terete, striated, hard; leaves bipinnate; leaflets
ovate, acute, serrated : odd one 3-lobed ; sheaths large ; leaves
of involucels rather scabrous, one-half shorter than the umbel-
lules. 1£. H. Native of the north of Europe, on the sea
shore. Archangelica spuria or A. littoralis, Wahl. carp. p. 84.
A. major, Lag. gen. nov. et spec. p. 13.? — Dodon. pempt. 318.
f. 1 ? Flowers whitish. Stem hard and acrid, not edible.
Sea-shore Archangelica. PI. 4 to 6 feet.
5 A. GMELI'NI (D.C. prod. 4. p. 170.) stem glabrous, terete,
striated ; leaves ternate ; leaflets tripartite : lobes ovate, ser-
rated, cuneated at the base ; sheaths middle-sized ; leaves of in-
volucels about equal in length to the umbellules. I/. H. Na-
tive of Kamtschatka and Kotzebue's Sound. Angelica Gmelini,
Wormsk. ex Fisch. in litt. A'pium ternatum, Pall, in Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 890. The plant is used for culinary purposes by the
Russians in Kamtschatka. Fruit like those of A. officinalis, but
more oblong, and the vittae are fewer. There is a dwarfer
variety of this found in Kotzebue's Sound.
Gmelin's Archangelica. PI. 1| foot.
Cult. The species are of easy cultivation ; and are only to
be increased by seed.
Tribe VII.
PEUCEDA'NEjE (so named from the plants agreeing with
the genus Peucedanum in many points), or Orthospermae pauci-
jugatas dipterae. — Selineas, Koch, umb. p. 88. Fruit flatly or
lenticularly compressed from the back, girded by an entire dila-
ted smooth winged flattened or rather convex margin. Mericarps
with 5 filiform ribs, which are rarely winged ; lateral ones conti-
guous to the margin, or running into it ; raphe marginal, hence
the fruit is only furnished with one wing on each side, not as in
tribe Angelicece, furnished with 2 wings on each side from the
raphe being central. Seed flattened or convex on the back:
XCI. OPO'PANAX (from OTTOC, opos, juice, rav, pan, all,
and aicoc, akos, a remedy; that is to say, a plant the juice of
which is supposed to cure all diseases). Koch, umb. 96. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 170. — Pastinaca and Laserpitium species. — Ferula
species, Spreng. Lag.
LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals roundish, entire, involute, with an acutish point. Stylo-
podium broad, thick. Styles very short. Fruit flatly compres-
sed from the back, girded by a dilated convex margin. Meri-
carps with 3 dorsal filiform slender ribs : the lateral ones absent
or not distinct from the margins ; vittae 3 in each furrow, and
6-10 in the commissure. Seed flat. — A perennial herb. Root
thick. Stem rough. Leaves bipinnate ; leaflets unequally cor-
date, crenated, obtuse. Umbels composed of many rays. In-
volucra and involucels of few leaves. Flowers yellow.
1 O. CmRbuiuM (Koch, 1. c.) l/.H. Native of the south
of France, in open situations ; also of Italy, Sicily, Croatia, and
Greece. Nees, off. pfl. 17. t. 11. Laserpitium Chironium,
Lin. spec. p. 376. Pastinaca Opopanax, Lin. spec. 376. Gouan.
ill. t. 14*. Waldst. et Kit. hung. 3. t. 211. Smith, fl. grsec. t.
288. Woodv. med. bot. t. 113. Selinum Opopanax, Crantz,
austr. p. 53. Ferula Opopanax, Spreng. umb. spec. 77. Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 597. Pastinaca ahissima, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 465. —
Lob. icon. t. 702. — Moris, hist. 3. p. 315. sect. 9. t. 17. f. 2.
Sheaths at the flowering branches spathaceous, and sometimes
destitute of leaves. Leaves hairy, especially beneath. Although,
the plant is a native of the south of Europe, the gum-resin,
which is said to be obtained by wounding the stalk or root, is
brought from the Levant and the East Indies, sometimes in
round drops or tears, but more commonly in irregular lumps, of
a reddish yellow-colour on the outside, with specks of white ;
UMBELLIFER^E. XCII. FERULA.
325
inwardly of a paler colour, and frequently variegated with large
white pieces. It is supposed to be an emmenagogue, but is sel-
dom used.
Chiron's or Common Opopanax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1 640.
PI. 6 feet.
Cult. This is a plant of easy culture ; and may be increased
either by seeds or dividing at the root.
XCII. FE'RULA (from ferio, to strike ; stems used as rods).
Tourn. inst. 321. t. 170. Lin. gen. no. 343. Spreng. umb. prod.
p. 13. exclusive of some species — Ferula and Ferulago, Koch,
limb. p. 96. and p. 97'
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx with 5
short teeth. Petals ovate, entire, acuminated, with the points
ascending or incurved. Fruit flatly compressed from the back,
girded by a flattened dilated margin. Mericarps with 3 dorsal
filiform ribs, and 2 lateral obsolete ones, which are lost in the
dilated margin. Vittae 3 or more in the dorsal furrows, and 4
or more in the commissure. Seed flat. Carpophore bipartite.
— Herbs, with thick roots, tall stems, and supra-decompound
leaves : leaflets usually cleft into linear segments. Umbels of
many rays : lateral ones usually opposite or verticillate. Invo-
lucra variable. Flowers yellow. Stems in many of the larger
species filled with medulla, interspersed with fibres, as the stems
of monocotyledonous plants.
SECT. I. FERULA'GO (an alteration from the generic name).
Koch, umb. 97- Dorsal and commissural vittse numerous, from
30 to 60. Involucra constantly of 4-8 leaves. Stems usually
striated or angular.
1 F. SYLVA'TICA (Bess. cont. enum. pi. vohl. et pod. p. 44.
no. 1368.) stem terete, striated, rather angular; leaves pinnate,
with 10-20 pairs of opposite bipinnate-parted leaflets; lobes or
segments linear, setaceous, cuspidate ; leaves of involucra ovate-
lanceolate, deflexed. T/ . H. Native of Volhynia, Caucasus,
Podolia, and at the river Don, in woods and meadows. Peuce-
danum officinale, Bess. prim. fl. galic. et cat. hort. crem. 1816.
Ferula nodiflora, Rochel. F. myriophylla, Bieb. mss. Ferulago
sylvatica, Rchb. icon. hot. 4. p. 371. Leaves a foot or a foot
and a half long.
Wood Giant-fennel. PI. 6 feet.
2 F. PAUCI'JUGA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 171.) stem striated, angu-
lar; leaves pinnate, with 4-5 pairs of opposite leaflets ; leaflets
bipinnatifid : lobes or segments linear ; involucra of 2-5 erect
leaves, which are cuspidate at the apex, and membranously
dilated at the base. 7/ . H. Native of Persia, at the foot of
the mountains about Badala, where it was gathered by Szowits.
Allied to F. sylvatica, but differs in the stem being more an-
gular, and in the leaves being 3-4 inches long, and in the leaflets
being only 4-5 pairs. Umbel terminal, of 12-14 very unequal
rays. Herb glabrous, a foot and a half high.
Few-paired-leaved Giant-fennel. PI. 1-J- foot.
3 F. FERULA'GO (Lin. spec. p. 356.) stem terete, striated ;
leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets pinnatifid, divaricate : seg-
ments linear, cuspidate ; leaves of involucra numerous, oblong-
lanceolate, reflexed. ]/ . H. Native on hills and exposed
places in the islands of the Mediterranean, and the adjacent re-
gion ; and of Transylvania and Gallicia. Spreng. umb. prod,
p. 82. F. nodiflora, Jacq. austr. append, t. 5. and probably of
all other authors. — F. latiore folio, Moris, ox. sect. 9. t. 15.
Lob. icon. t. 779. Dodon. pempt. t. 321. f. 2.
Ferulago or Broad-leaved Giant-fennel. Fl. June, July. PI.
6 to 8 feet.
4 F. GENICULA TA (Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 366.) stem terete,
a little striated, gibbous at the nodi ; leaves supra-decompound ;
leaflets decussate : segments linear, flat, acute, stiff, rather
awned ; floriferous branches alternate ; leaves of involucra and
involucels ovate-lanceolate, short ; fruit oblong-elliptic, with
acute prominent ribs. T{.. H. Native of Sicily and the king-
dom of Naples, on dry calcareous hills. F. rigida, Tenore, fl.
neap, append. 4. p. 15. exclusive of the synonymes. Bubon
rigidus, Ucria ex Guss. — Bocc. mus. 2. t. 76. ?
Geniculate-\eaveH Giant-fennel. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
5 F. TUYRSIFLORA (Sibth and Smith, fl. grsec. t. 280. prod,
no. 664.) stem angular and furrowed at the top ; floriferous
branches terminal, aggregate, compound ; leaves supra-decom-
pound ; leaflets linear, elongated, roughish ; leaves of involucra
4-6, linear-lanceolate. If.. H. Native of Candia, on rocks.
Ferulago thyrsiflora, Koch, umb. p. 98. Vittse above 30 in the
commissure, according to Koch, but in a specimen examined
there are only from 20 to 25.
Thyrse-flowered Giant-fennel. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825.
PI. 4 to 6 feet.
6 F. SULCAVTA (Desf. atl. 1. p. 352. t. 67.) stem angular and
furrowed ; leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets pinnatifid : lobes
linear, acuminated ; leaves of involucra many, oblong-linear, re-
flexed. 1£. H. Native of Italy, Naples, Sicily, Mauritania,
and Portugal, on hills. F. nodiflora, Spreng. umb. spec. p. 84.
but the figure of F. nodiflora in fl. grsec. is destitute of involucra,
and therefore does not belong to this plant ; therefore the plant
of Linnaeus is truly doubtful. F. Barrelieri, Tenore, in herb.
Merat. Ferulago nodiflora, Koch, umb. p. 98. Ligusticum
luteum, Poir. voy. barb. 2. p. 136. ex Poir. suppl. 3. p. 481.
Peucedanum Lusitanicum and rupestre, Willd. herb, ex Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 914. Vittse 60 in the commissure, ex Koch.
Var. B, campdstris (Bess, in litt. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 914.)
segments of leaves linear-elongated. I/ . H. Native of Tauria.
Furrorved-stemmed Giant- fennel. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1596.
PI. 3 feet.
7 F. STRI'CTA (Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 592.) stem
straight, stiff, furrowed ; leaves ternately supra-decompound,
straight ; leaflets triternate, triquetrous, filiform, glabrous ;
leaves of involucra ovate-oblong. I/. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope.
Straight Giant-fennel. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. 2 feet.
SECT. II. FERULA RIA (an alteration from the generic name).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 172. — Ferula, Koch, umb. p. 96. Vittse 3 in
each of the dorsal furrows, and 4 in the commissure. Involucra
wanting. Stems terete.
* Stem leafy.
8 F. COMMU NIS (Lin. spec. p. 355) stem terete, branched;
leaves supra-decompound, green ; leaflets linear-setaceous, flac-
cid ; central umbel nearly sessile : lateral ones male, peduncu-
late ; involucra wanting ; sheaths of upper leaves very large.
1[ . H. Native on hills in the region of the Mediterranean,
from Portugal to Greece, and of Mauritania. D. C. fl. fr. 3. p.
343. F. nodiflora, Lin. spec. 356? Smith, fl. graec. t. 279.—
Dodon. pempt. p. 321. f. 1. Lob. icon. t. 778. f. 2. — F. femina,
Plum. Tourn. Moris, umb. 35. t. 2. hist. 3. p. 309. sect. 9. t.
15. f. 3. Lateral umbels usually opposite, rising from the axils
of the sheathing petioles under the central umbel. Fruit 5 lines
long, and 3 lines broad. There issues from the stem when cut
a yellowish fetid juice, which hardens on the surface of the
wound. The dry dead stem is full of white pith, which easily
takes fire, and the Sicilians use it for tinder. Hence the fable
of Prometheus. In Apulia, where the plant grows in great
plenty, it is grateful to buffaloes, which form the chief part of
the subsistence of many farmers there.
Common Giant-fennel. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1597. PI. 8
to 12 feet.
326
UMBELLIFEILE. XCII. FERULA.
9 F. CLAU'CA (Lin. spec. p. 588.) stem terete, branched ;
leaves supra-decompound, glaucous beneath ; leaflets linear,
elongated, flat ; involucra wanting ; petioles of upper leaves
dilated ; central umbel pedunculate ; lateral ones male, on longer
peduncles. J/ . H. Native of the south of France, at Merival,
near Montpelier in the spot mentioned by Lobel ; also of Pro-
vence, Italy, Sicily, Greece, &c. F. folio glauco, Bauh. hist. 3.
p. 2. p. 45. with a figure. Ferula et Ferulago, Lob. adv. p. 348.
F. cornmunis, Gouan. hort. monsp. p. 140. F. glauca, D. C. fl.
fr. suppl. p. 514. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 588. Leaves of involucra
many, linear-setaceous, caducous, ex Spreng. but in the plants
examined there has been no involucra seen ; therefore Sprengel's
plant is probably distinct from this.
Glaucous Giant-fennel. Fl. June, July. Clt. 155,6. PI. 6
to 8 feet.
10 F. RIGI'DULA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 172.) stem terete, branch-
ed, and is, as well as the petioles, quite glabrous ; leaves bipin-
nate ; leaflets pinnatifid : lobes short, few, acute, channelled,
stiffish, hardly puberulous ; umbels rather panicled, without any
involucra. If. . H. Native of Persia, on rocks among the
mountains about Seidkhodz. Very like F. Cdspica in the in-
florescence and fruit, but differs in the primary pairs of leaves
being an inch and a half distance from each other, and the
secondary pairs are more elongated ; leaflets fewer ; lobes fewer,
stiffer, and rather fleshy. Sheaths larger, and rather glaucous.
Stiffish Giant-fennel. PI. 3 feet ?
11 F. CA'SPICA (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. no. 551.) stem terete,
branched ; leaves triplicately pinnate : leaflets pinnatifid, soft,
approximate ; segments very short ; umbels somewhat panicled ;
the peduncles of the lateral umbels furnished each with a subulate
ligula at the base; involucra none. If.. H. Native of arid
fields from Odessa to Sarepta ; and of Caucasus, near Kisliar.
Spreng. umb. spec. p. 81. F. cachroides, Fisch. in litt. 1822.
There are varieties of this with either glabrous or pubescent
leaves, according to Bieb. The habit is like that of Cachrys
Odonldlgica. Sheaths cucullate : upper ones almost destitute of
leaves. Fruit oval, glabrous, 3 lines long, l£ line broad. Com-
missure furnished with 4 vittae. Umbel-bearing branches alter-
nate : lower ones often opposite, and upper ones in whorles.
Perhaps a species of Peucedanum, according to Besser.
Caspian Giant-fennel. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. 2
to 3 feet.
12 F. ORIENTALS (Lin. spec. p. 356.) stem terete, branched;
leaves 5 times pinnate ; leaflets multifid, setaceous, apparently
puberulous when examined by a lens ; sheaths large, cucullate ;
involucra wanting. 1£. H. Native of Asia Minor, Greece, Cau-
casus on Mount Beschbarmak, and perhaps of Numidia. Lam.
diet. 9.. p. 455. Spreng. umb. spec. p. 89.? Tourn. trav. 2. t. 379.
Branches of root thick. Leaves a foot and a half long. Upper
sheaths 3 inches long, and an inch broad. Sprengel refers to this
the Fashook of Jackson's account of Morocco, t. 7. Steven
says it is the same as F. peucedanifolia, Willd. herb., but
Pallas's figure, which is cited for it, is very different from our
plant.
Eastern Giant-fennel. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. 3 to
4 feet.
13 F. PE'RSICA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 1413.) stem terete, glau-
cous ; leaves ternately supra-decompound ; leaflets rather re-
rriote or decurrently pinnate : segments linear-lanceolate, dilated,
and cut at the apex ; primordial umbel sessile ; involucra and
involucels wanting, i;. H. Native of Persia; and of Caucasus,
on hills near Baku. Andr. bot. reg. 558. Sims, bot. mag.
2096. F. assafce'tida, Mart, in Mill. diet. no. 9. exclusive of
the synonyme of Koemf. Woodv. med. bot. 22. t. 8. Plench.
icon. t. 203. Assafce'tida, Hoppe, in phil. trans. 1785. p. 36.
t. 3. and 4. The plant smells very strong of assafcetida, and
there is a yellow gummy juice very like it flows from the plant,
which in all probability has the same virtues as that of the true
assafcetida, F. assafoe'tida. Plant of a yellowish hue.
Persian Assafcetida. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1782. PI. 3 to 6 ft.
14 F. TINGITA'NA (Lin. spec. p. 355.) stem terete, branched ;
leaves supra-decompound, shining ; leaflets or segments oblong-
lanceolate, deeply toothed ; upper petioles large, sheathing; ter-
minal umbels on short peduncles : lateral umbels few, male, on
longer peduncles ; involucra none. If. . H. Native of Spain
and Barbary, and in fields about Tangiers. Rivin. pentap. 3. t.
10. Herm. par. t. 165. Moris, ox. s*ct. 9. t. 15. last figure.
Desf. fl. all. 1. p. 251. Fruit 6 lines long, and 3 lines broad.
This plant is easily distinguished from the rest, in the leaflets
being broader, and shining.
Tangier Giant-fennel. Fl. 'June, July. Clt. 1680. PI. 6
to 8 feet.
15 T. NU'DA (Spreng. umb. spec. 81. t. 7. f. 15.) stem terete,
striated, branched ; leaves ternately bipinnatifid, glaucous ; seg-
ments obtuse, rather tridentate ; involucra and involucels none.
If.. H. Native of Siberia. Petioles sheathing at the base,
glaucous. Branches spreading. Stem about the thickness of a
goose quill, girded by fibres at the base, just at the neck.
Naked Giant-fennel. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
16 F. TOLUCCE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec. 5. p.
12. t. 418.) stem terete, fistular; leaves quadripinnate ; leaflets
or segments linear, acute, flat; involucrum of one leaf; involu-
cels of 3-7 linear leaves, which exceed the fruit. If. . F. Native
of Mexico, in cold places near the town of Tolucco. Herb gla-
brous, a foot high, a little more. Rays of umbel unequal.
Leaf of involucrum linear, shorter than the rays of the umbel.
Leaves of involucels 5-6, very unequal, the longer ones exceed-
ing the umbellules. Flowers many, abortive. Vittae 4 in the
commissure, and 3 in the furrows.
TWacco Giant-fennel. PI. l|-foot.
17 F. PETI'OLA'RIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 173.) plant quite' gla-
brous ; stems terete, branched, leafy at the base ; petioles biter-
nate, having the ultimate divisions very long, and cylindrically
conical, acute, bearing no foliaceous segments ; upper sheaths
small, undivided, acuminated ; involucra and involucels none.
If . H. Native of Persia, among stones on the tops of the moun-
tains about Seidkhodz, where it was collected by Szowits. The
species is very remarkable in the absence of foliaceous leaflets,
and therefore the leaves are reduced to the naked petioles. Ul-
timate lobes of petioles 7-8 inches long, usually knotted at the
third part of their length, as in Juncus articulatus, the knots in-
dicating the places of the abortive branches. Umbels few-flow-
ered. Young fruit oblong, glaucous.
Petwlar Giant-fennel. PI. 2 to 4 feet ?
18 F. SESELOI'DES (Meyer, pflanz. p. 126.) glabrous, glances-
cent ; stem rather angular, leafy, branched ; lower leaves bipin-
nate : leaflets pinnatifid : lobes linear ; sheaths narrow : upper
sheaths leafless, acuminated ; umbels all fertile, pedunculate ;
involucra almost wanting ; leaves of involucel setaceous ; vittae
1-3 in the furrows. If.. H. Native of Caucasus, on Mount
Beschbarmak. Leaves of Seseli montanum ; but the petals are
yellow like other species of Ferula. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Fruit nearly like Peucedanum.
Seseli-like Giant-fennel. PI. 2 to 3 feet?
* * Steins almost naked.
19 F. A'SSA-FOJ'TIDA (Lin. mat. med. 79.) stem terete, sim-
ple, furnished with leafless sheaths ; radical leaves pinnate, hav-
ing 1 or 2 pinnatifidly sinuated leaflets on each side : lobes ob-
long, obtuse ; involucra wanting. If. . H. Native of Persia, in
the provinces of Khorassan, Laar, and Fars. A'ssa-fce'tida,
Koempf. amcen. p. 535. and p. 536. with a figure. Stein
1
UMBELLIFERiE. XCII. FERULA.
327
5-6 feet high. According to the testimony of Kcempfer, this
is the plant from which the real assafcetida is obtained. It
is the concrete juice of the root, and is procured by the
peasants who live in the neighbourhood of the mountains in
the provinces of Khorassaan and Laar in Persia. When the
leaves begin to decay the oldest plants are selected, not less
than 4 years' standing. The earth is partly cleared away,
so as to expose the upper part of the root. The leaves
and stem are twisted off, and used as a covering to screen it
from the sun. In this state the root is left 40 days, when the
covering being removed, the top of the root is cut off trans-
versely. It is then screened again 48 hours, when the juice is
scraped off, and exposed to the sun to harden. This done, a
second section is made ; the screen again employed, and the
juice obtained a second time as before. Thus the assa-fcetida
is 8 times repeatedly collected from the same root ; but after a
third section it remains 8 days to recover a sufficient stock of
juice.
Assafcetida is well known by its peculiar nauseous fetid
smell, the strength of which is the surest test of its goodness.
This odour is extremely volatile, and of course the drug loses
much of its efficacy in keeping. It comes in large irregular
masses, composed of various shining little lumps or grains,
partly whitish, partly brownish or reddish, and partly of a violet
hue ; those are accounted the best which are clear, of a pale red-
dish-colour, and variegated with many fine white tears. It is a
gummy resin, but has the gum in largest quantity. It is the
most efficacious of the fetid gums, and is commonly used in
hysteria hypochondriasis, some symptoms of dyspepsia, amenor-
rhcea and chlorosis, flatulent cholics, and most diseases termed
nervous ; it is thought to be the most powerful remedy we pos-
sess for those peculiar convulsive and spasmodic affections, which
often recur in hysterics. It is recommended as an emmena-
gogue, anthelmintic, expectorant, antiasthmatic, and anodyne.
Its action is quick and penetrating.
Assa-fcetida. Fl. July, Aug. PL 6 to 7 feet.
20 F. SZOWITSIA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 173.) stem terete,
nearly naked, branched, glabrous ; leaves tripinnate, clothed
with velvety pubescence ; leaflets deeply toothed, obtuse ; um-
bels somewhat panicled, without involucra ; fruit oval-obovate,
flat, longer than the pedicels. 1£. H. Native of Persia, at Seid-
khodzi, in gravelly and stony places, where it was collected by
Szowits. Neck of root appearing hairy from numerous erect
fibres. Petioles of leaves trifid. Umbels terminal, on short pe-
duncles. Fruit the size of F. communis.
Szonits's Giant-fennel. PL 5 to 6 feet.
21 F. PUBE'SCENS (Pall, ex Willd. rel. in Schultes, syst. 6. p.
598.) stem pubescent, panicled, nearly leafless ; radical leaves
clothed with hoary pubescence, ternately tripinnate ; leaflets
jagged : lobes linear, tripartite, obtuse ; sheaths opposite, small ;
involucra and involucels minute and caducous. % . H. Native
of Siberia.
Pubescent Giant-fennel. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PL 1
to 2 feet,
22 F. PU'MILA (Pall, ex Willd. rel. in Schultes, syst. 6. p.
598.) stem smooth, panicled, leafless ; sheaths naked ; radical
leaves pubescent, ternately tripinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid ; lobes
decussate, bluntish. l/.H. Native of Siberia.
Dwarf Giant-fennel. PL 1 foot.
23 F. ARME'NA (B.C. prod. 4. p. 174.) glabrous; petioles
ternate at the base, having the divisions bipinnate; leaflets
short, divided into thick, oblong, obtuse, aggregate, somewhat
whorled lobes ; stem naked, terete ; leaves of involucra and in-
volucels short, oblong ; fruit elliptic. I/ . H. Native of Arme-
nia. Oreoselinum Armenium Seseleos Massiliensis folio, Tourn.
herb. Upper leaves reduced to short leafless sheaths.
Armenian Giant- fennel. PL?
•j* Little known species.
24 F. BREVIFOLIA (Link, in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 592.) stem
terete, glabrous ; leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets linear,
channelled, divaricate, flaccid, cuspidate, elongated ; involucra
wanting ; primordial umbels sessile, "if. . H. Native of Por-
tugal.
Short-leaved Giant-fennel. PL ?
25 F. CAPILLA'RIS (Link, in Spreng. umb. spec. 85.) stem
terete, glabrous ; leaves triternate ; leaflets filiform, capillary,
loose ; sheaths of petioles almost wanting ; umbels axillary ; in-
volucra of a few setaceous leaves. Tf.. H. Native of Portugal.
Narthecium, Dalech. lugd. p. 754. Ferula tenuiori-folio, Mor.
ox. sect. 9. t. 15.
Capillary Giant-fennel. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PL 1
to 2 feet.
26 F. PEUCEDANIFOLIA (Willd. herb, in Schultes, syst. 6. p.
592.) stem kneed, branched, leafy ; leaves tri-ternate, stiff; leaf-
lets trifidly pinnatifid, linear-subulate, elongated ; involucra
wanting ; umbellules rather capitate. I/ . H. Native of Siberia,
at the Volga. F. nodiflora, Pall. itin. app. p. 39. t. N. ed. gall,
t. 56. F. Sibirica, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1411. Leaflets very long,
nearly terete. Fruit unknown. The herbarium of Willdenovv
is said not to contain this plant.
Sulphur-niort-leaved Giant-fennel. PL 5 to 6 feet.
27 F. NUDICAU'LIS (Spreng. neu endt. 2. p. 149. but not of
Nutt.) stem naked, furrowed, glabrous ; radical leaves bipin-
nate ; leaflets deeply serrated, mucronate ; sheaths of upper
leaves abortive ; leaves of involucrum linear-lanceolate. I/ . H.
Native of Sicily, on the Nebrodes, in the higher pastures.
Laserpuium resinosum, Presl, sic. p. 136. Ligusticum resino-
sum, Guss. ind. sem. 1826. prod. 1. p. 356. Fruit glaucous,
compressed, marginated.
Naked-stemmed Giant-fennel. PL 2 to 3 feet ?
28 F. FffiNicuiA'cEA (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 183.) plant pu-
bescent ; stem short, naked, furrowed, glabrous ; radical leaves
pubescent, supra-decompound ; leaflets linear, very narrow,
acute, short : ultimate ones trifid ; involucra wanting ; involucels
unilateral, digitate, with linear segments. I/ . H. Native of
North America, on the plains of the Missouri ; and on the north-
west coast near F'ort Vancouver, and barren sandy grounds on
the Columbia river ; low hills near the source of the Wallawalla
river, and on the Saskatchewan at Carlton House. Pastinaca
fceniculacea, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 587. Flowers yel-
low. Herb smelling of fennel. Fruit furnished with 5 stripes, 3
of which are conspicuous. Umbel solitary, terminal. Sprengel
refers to this Lomatium villosum, Rafin, injourn. phys. 1819.
aug. 1. p. 101. and the flowers are said to be white by the
author, but according to Nuttall they are yellow ; and it is there-
fore also the Cogswellia villosa, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 588.
Fennel-scented Giant-fennel. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PL
1 to 2 feet.
29 F. CAKADE'NSIS (Lin. spec. p. 356.) segments of leaves
branched, shining, linear. — Native of Canada. Lin. hort. tips,
p. 61. Gron. virg. p. 147. This is a very obscure plant, and
probably the same as Angelica lucida.
Canadian Giant-fennel. PL 2 feet.
30 F. NUTTA'LLII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 174.) plant small, almost
stemless, glabrous ; leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets linear,
short, acute ; scapes radical ; rays of umbel elongated ; involucra
wanting ; involucels unilateral, digitate, with linear segments.
2£. H. Native of North America, on the plains of the Colum-
bia ; banks of streams among stones at the Great Falls of the
same river. F. nudicaulis, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 183. but not
of Spreng. Smyrnium nudicaule, Pursh, fl. bor. amer. l.p. 196.
328
UMBELLIFERJi. XCII. FERULA. XCIII. DOREMA.
Pastinaca nudicaule, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 587. Root
fusiform. Plant having the odour of fennel, but more aromatic.
This plant differs from the genera Ferula, Pastinaca, and Smyr-
nium, in the flowers being white, not yellow, as in those genera.
Nuttall's Giant-fennel. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PL 1J
to 2 feet ?
31 F. ? PALME'LLA (Hook, in fl. amer. bor. amer. 1. p. 268.)
plant glabrous, nearly stemless ; leaves bipinnatifid, on longish
petioles, glaucous ; leaflets linear, bluntish : lower ones often
again pinnatifid ; peduncles rather shorter than the leaves ; in-
volucrum none ; involucel unilateral, dimidiate, palmate, with
the disk floriferous. Tf.. H. Native of North America, about
Carlton House on the Saskatchawan. Root large, thick, rather
fusiform. The involucels are very remarkable, truly palmate,
gradually tapering into the broad petiole or ray, and bearing a
small umbellule of white flowers on the disk.
Palmella Giant-fennel. PI. -| foot.
32 F. AFFI'NIS (Bess. cat. hort. crem. 1816. p. 57.) Native
near Odessa. This species is not described.
Allied Giant-fennel. PL 2 to 3 feet.
Cull. Any common garden soil answers the species of Fe-
rula ; and they are only to be increased by seeds.
XCIII. DORE'MA (from Soprj^a, dorema, a gift or benefit;
not that the plant is considered pre-eminently deserving that
title, but that the name is also agreeable to the ear). D. Don,
in Lin. trans, vol. 16. p. 601.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Flowers sessile, immersed
in wool. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals ovate, with an in-
flexed point. Disk epigynous, cup-shaped, fleshy : with a pli-
cate, rather lobulate margin. Style complanate, recurved at the
apex. Stigmas truncate. Fruit elliptic, much compressed from
the back, girded by a complanate broadish margin ; raphe very
narrow, usually closed. Mericarps 5-ribbed ; the 3 intermediate
ribs distinct, filiform, at equal distances : lateral 2 confluent
with the margins ; vittse prominent, one in each furrow, and 4
in the commissure, which is flat. Carpophore bipartite, filiform.
Seed flat. — A robust, greenish, glaucous, Persian herb, with a
perennial root, and clothed with glandular down, almost with the
habit of Opopanax Chirbnium. Leaves large, petiolate, some-
what bipinnate, 2 feet long ; pinnae usually 3 pairs, each pair
rather remote : lower leaflets distinct ; superior ones confluent,
deeply pinnatifid : segments oblong, mucronate, quite entire, or
rarely a little lobed, coriaceous, veined beneath, 1-5 inches long,
and half an inch to 2 inches broad. Petioles and rachis terete,
ribbed, pubescent, very much dilated at the base, and sheathing
a little, with the upper margin winged and stipulaceous. Umbels
proliferous, racemose ; umbellules globose, on short peduncles,
usually disposed in a spit-ate manner. Peduncles terete, woolly.
Involucra and involucels wanting. Petals white. Stamens and
styles yellow. Ovarium densely woolly. Fruit naked.
1 D. AMMONI'ACUM (D. Don, 1. c.) 7(.. H. Native of the
south of Persia, in the vicinity of Jezud Khast, a town of Irak El
Ajam, the ancient Parthia, about 42 miles south of Ispahan.
To discriminate and characterize those plants which more imme-
diately administer to the wants and comforts of man, is one of
the chief objects of practical botany ; but it is a task replete with
difficulties ; the countries whence many of the substances are
derived, particularly those belonging to the Materia Medica,
being generally remote, and often inaccessible to travellers.
Although the gum Ammoniacum has held a place in the Materia
Medica from a very early period, yet the plant from which it is
obtained has hitherto remained almost totally unknown ; and the
same may be said of the analogous gum Galbanum, and many
other articles derived from the vegetable kingdom, enumerated
in the Pharmacopoeia. It is true Dioscorides and Pliny mention
the plant which yields the gum Ammoniacum, the former under
the appellation of Agasyllis, and the latter under that of Meto-
pium, and give Libya as its native country ; but if the gum was
anciently imported thence, it must have been the produce of a
different plant than ours ; and probably identical with the species
of Ferula, represented by Jackson in his account of Morocco, as
the gum now comes to Europe by way of the Levant and India.
Dioscorides, whose opinion is adopted by all subsequent writers,
derives the name Ammoniacum from Ammon or Hammon, the
Jupiter of the Lybians, whose temple was situated in the desert
of Cyrene, near to which the plant vnas said to grow. But it
appears that Dioscorides was altogether mistaken as to its native
country; and that the name Ammoniacum or Armoniacum, as
it is indifferently written, is really a corruption of Armeniacum ;
for it is now ascertained beyond all doubt, that the plant is a
native of Persia, and that the gum must have been anciently
brought to Europe by way of Armenia ; and we sometimes
find the name of the apricot written Malum Armoniacum.
Willdenow, having sown some seeds picked from the gum- Am-
moniacum, a species of Heracleum came up, which he called
Herlcleum gummiferum, but this appears to be identical with
Heracleum Pyrenaicum ; but as the plant possesses no smell
analogous to Ammoniacum, and affords no gummy substance
whatever, it is probable it was only an accidental weed.
The materials from which the description was drawn were
procured by Lieut. -Colonel Wright, of the royal engineers, in
the district where the gum Ammoniacum was collected, which is
given above, and presented by him along with other dried plants
to the Linnaean Society. Every part of the specimen is covered
with drops of a gum possessing all the properties of Ammonia-
cum ; and this circumstance alone, independent of any other
evidence, would seem sufficient to remove all doubt on the sub-
ject ; besides the specimen has been compared with the portions
of inflorescence and fruit, which are found abundantly^inter-
mixed with the gum in the shops, and they are found to' agree
in every particular. The name applied to the plant by Dios-
corides is already pre-occupied by another genus of Umbelliferee,
and that of Pliny is scarcely unexceptionable, as originating in a
mistake, Metopium having been used by some ancient authors
to denote the Galbanum, and by others the gum-Arabic tree ;
but most writers seem to agree in considering it the appellation
of an ointment, or some oleaginous substance, rather than of a
plant. The name Dorema has been given to avoid confusion.
The first volume of the Dictionnaire Universel de Matiere
Medicale, by Merat and De Lens, published at Paris in 1829,
contains some valuable notices on the Ammoniacum plant, from
which it appears that the plant was already known to Mr.
Brown, and had been determined by him to constitute a new
genus. We also learn from the same work that M. Fontanier,
a geologist sent into the Levant by the French government, had
visited the district where the plant grows spontaneously, and
transmitted a drawing, together with specimens of the herb and
gum, to the museum of natural history at Paris. M. Fontanier
was informed that the plant grows likewise in Khorassan.
In the appendix to the first volume of the transactions of the
Medical Society of Calcutta, p. 369. is an extract of a letter ad-
dressed to Dr. Wallich by Lieut. -Colonel Kennett, accompanied
by a rude figure of the plant, which yields the gum-Ammonia-
cum, of which the following is a copy : " I have the pleasure to
forward you a drawing and description of Oshac, a Persian
plant that produces the gum Ammoniac. It was procured by
Capt. Hart, of the 5th battalion Bombay native regiment, whilst
on sick certificate in Persia ; and understanding it was a deside-
ratum in botany, he has requested me to send it to you in his
name. It is to be regretted that Capt. Hart did not know
enough of botany to give a particular description of the plant,
UMBELLIFER^E. XCI1I. DOREMA. XCIV. EBIOSYNAPHE. XCV. PALIMBIA.
329
flower, and seed ; but he brought away a root, with a piece of
the stem, and some dry leaves attached ; and which I have for-
warded in a box to your address. You will observe the account
of the plant is dated in July, 1822, though I only received it a
short time ago.
" Description of the Oshac or gum-Ammoniac plant, by Capt.
Hart.
" ' It having been intimated to me while at Bushire by the
Resident, Capt. Bruce, that the plant which produces the gum-
Ammoniac, called by the Persians Oshak, would be acceptable
to botanists, as it was but imperfectly known, I procured the
accompanying piece of stem, leaf, and flower, and took a drawing
of one of the finest plants. Its height was 7 feet 2 inches, and
the circumference of the lower part of the stem 4 inches. It
grows principally on the plains between Yerdekaust and Ku-
misha, in the province of Irauk, without cultivation. The gum
is so abundant, that upon the slightest puncture being made, it
instantly oozes forth, even at the ends of the leaves. When the
plant has attained perfection, innumerable beetles, armed with
an anterior and posterior probe of half an inch in length, pierce
it in all directions ; it soon becomes dry, and is then picked off",
and sent via Bushire to India and various parts of the world ;
and is an article of considerable export. I am of opinion it
might be cultivated with success in many parts of Kattywar,
and the experiment might be worth the consideration of govern-
ment. The gum might easily be procured by artificial means,
which would answer the purpose equally well.
" ' From the part of the stem attached to the roots of the
specimen I sent you, a considerable portion of the gum will be
seen exuded, in which respect it resembles the Assafcetida plant,
which abounds in the mountains in the south of Persia, particu-
larly in the province of Pars.' "
The gum is collected about the middle of June ; a tenth is re-
mitted as tribute to the government ; the rest is sent to Bushire
on the Persian Gulf. Part of that imported to this country
comes from the Levant ; but the largest quantity and the best
comes by way of India.
According to Major Willock, who has visited the districts
where the plant grows wild, the Ooshak or gum-Ammoniac
plant grows in great abundance over the arid plains in the vici-
nity of the town of Jezud Khast, on the borders of the pro-
vinces of Pars and Irak, a district appertaining to the govern-
ment of Ispahan. The white juice which forms the gum per-
vades the whole plant, but exudes chiefly from the principal
stems. It either remains on them in lumps, or, falling to the
ground, is gathered by the villagers in the autumn, and is sold
by them. The Ooshak plant is to be met with nowhere but in
the province of Irak, growing in very dry plains, gravelly soils,
and exposed to an ardent sun.
Ammoniac has a nauseous taste, followed by a bitter one ; and
a peculiar smell, somewhat like that of Galbanum, but more
grateful ; it softens in the mouth, and acquires a white colour
upon being chewed. It softens by heat, but is not fusible ;
when thrown upon live coals it burns away in flame. Such tears
as are large, dry, free from small stones, seeds or other impuri-
ties, should be picked out, and preferred for internal use ; the
coarser kind is purified in solution, colature, and careful inspis-
sation ; but unless this be artfully managed, the gum will lose
a considerable deal of its more volatile parts. These are often
vended in the shops under the name of stained gum-Ammonia-
cum, a composition of ingredients much inferior in virtue.
The general action of gum-Ammoniac is stimulant. On many
occasions, in doses from 10-30 grains, it proves a valuable an-
tispasmodic, deobstruent or expectorant. In large doses it purges
gently, excites perspiration, and increases the flow of urine.
It is used with advantage to promote expectoration in some pul-
VOL. III.
monary diseases, especially asthma and chronic catarrh ; in
dropsical affection to augment the flow of urine, and to sup-
port the salivation in small pox. In long and obstinate cholics,
proceeding from viscid matter lodged in the intestines, this
gummy resin has produced good effects, after purges and the
common carminatives had been used in vain. Externally it is
supposed to soften and ripen hard tumours, is often applied as
discutient in white swellings of the knee, and other indolent
tumours. A solution of it in vinegar has been recommended
by some for resolving even schirrous swellings. It is exhibited
internally combined with vinegar, vinegar of squills, assafoetida,
&c. and in pills, with bitter extracts, myrrh, assafoetida ; exter-
nally, dissolved in vinegar, combined with turpentine, common
plaster, &c.
Ammoniac. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1831. PI. 4 to 7 feet.
Cult. See Ferula for culture and propagation, p. 328.
XCIV. ERIOSYNATHE (from tpwv, erion, wool, and
ffvva^r], synaphe, connection ; in reference to the commissure,
which is the connection of the two mericarps that compose the
fruit, and which is clothed with wool-like down in the hollows
between the nerves). D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 50. t. 1. f. 9. prod.
4. p. 175. — Ferula species, Fisch.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Limb of calyx with 5
short blunt teeth. Petals ovate, entire, acuminated ; points
short, incurved. Fruit compressed from the back, girded by a
thickish margin. Mericarps with 3 dorsal filiform ribs, but the
2 lateral ones are lost in the thickish margin, which is spongy
inside ; furrows between the ribs broad, and furnished with 2-3
striae, and bearing 2-3 small vittae ; commissure without vittse,
marked by a middle nerve and 2 marginal ones, tomentose, and
rather concave between the nerves. Seed complanate. — A
perennial glabrous herb, with the habit of Ferula. Leaves de-
compound : leaflets long, linear. Involucra and involucels none.
Flowers yellow. This genus is very nearly allied to Ferula, but
the singularity of the commissure of the fruit distinguishes it
from all other umbelliferous genera.
1 E. LONGIFOLIA (D. C. 1. c.) If. . H. Native of Siberia,
in the region of the Volga at Sarepta. Ferula cachroides, Cat.
hort. orl. 1811. Ferula longifolia, Fisch. cat. hort. gor. 1812.
p. 46. Stem terete, branched. Leaves glaucescent : leaflets
an inch or more long. Upper petioles narrow, sheathing, awned
at the apex. Umbels of many rays.
Long-leaved Eriosynaphe. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PL
4 to 5 feet.
Cult. See Ferula, p. 328. for culture and propagation.
XCV. PALI'MBIA (meaning unknown to us). Bess. enum.
pi. vohl. p. 94. Koch, in litt. D. C. prod. 4. p. 1 75. — Peuce-
danum species, Pall. Sison species of Lin. fil. and Bieb. — Siler
or Agasyllis species, Spreng. — Shim species, Lam.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals elliptic, with an indexed acute point. Fruit oblong or
oval : the transverse section elliptic. Mericarps compressed
from the back, having 5 filiform bluntish ribs : the 2 marginal
ones rather the broadest ; furrows between the ribs furnished
with 3 vittae each ; commissure bearing 2 broad marks. Seed
oblong, with many stripes, free from the pericarp. — Glabrous
perennial herbs. Leaves tripinnate ; leaflets multifid. Stem
terete, branched. Involucra of few leaves or wanting. Flowers
cream-coloured. This genus differs from Peucedanum, in the
furrows of the fruit being furnished with 3 vittae each, instead
of one.
1 P. SA'LSA (Bess. enum. pi. vohl. 55. no. 1484.) stem terete,
branched, naked ; radical leaves tripinnate ; leaflets many-
U u
330
UMBELLIFERiE. XCV. PALIMBIA. XCVI. PEUCEDANUU.
parted : segments linear, somewhat verticillate ; umbels panicled ;
involucra and involucels of 3-5 leaves ; fruit oblong. I/. H.
Native of Bessarabia, Tauria, east of Russia in the region of the
Volga, in arid salt fields. Peuc6danum redivivum, Pall. act.
petrop. 1779. p. 252. t. 8. Sison salsum, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 181.
Bieb. fl. taur. et suppl. no. 564. Sison verticillatus, Pall. itin.
ex Bieb. Slum nudicaule, Lam. diet. 1. p. 407. Agasy'llis salsa,
Spreng. prod.umb. p. 22. Siler salsum, Spreng. umb. spec. 90.
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 451. According to Ledebour, fl. alt. 1. p.
344. the furrows of the fruit contain 4 vittse each, and the com-
missure many.
Salt-field Palimbia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804. PI. 1 foot.
2 P. RAMOSI'SSIMA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 176.) stem terete, much
branched, sparingly leafy ; leaves biternate : leaflets few, ob-
long, acutely cut ; involucrum wanting ; involucels of few leaves ;
fruit oblong. 1£. F. Native of the East Indies, on the Pandua
mountains on the confines of the province of Silhet. Selinum ?
ramosissimum, Wall. mss. Root long, cylindrical, simple. Stem
2 feet high. Upper leaves reduced to the petioles. Fruit much
flattened from the back ; furrows furnished each with 2-3 ob-
scure vittse ; commissure covered with a pellicle, and therefore
appearing without vittae at first sight.
Much-branched Palimbia. PI. 2 to 3 feet ?
3 P. CHABR/EVI (D. C. prod. 4. p. 176.) stem striated, leafy ;
leaves pinnate ; leaflets decussate, 3-5-parted : segments linear,
acute ; involucrum wanting ; rays of umbel unequal ; involucels
•of 3-4 linear-subulate leaves; fruit oval. I/. H. Native of
France, particularly in the eastern parts, Switzerland, Austria,
Iberia, Sicily, &c. in shady bushy places. Selinum Chabrae i,
Jacq. austr. t. 72. Selinum carvifolia, Crantz, austr. p. 162. t.
3. f. 2. Peucedanum carvifolium, Vill. dauph. 2. p 630. Im-
peratoria Chabrae'i, Spreng. umb. spec. 64. exclusive of the
synonymes. Oreoselinum Chabrse'i, Bieb. fl. taur. p. 209. Se-
linum palustre, Thuil. fl. par. p. 139. Selinum lactescens, Lam.
fl. fr. 3. p. 418. Ligusticum decussatum, Mcench, meth. p. 81.
Peuced. minus, All. ex Balb. Peuced. Chabrse*!, Gaud. fl. helv.
2. p. 330. Palimbia carvifolia, Koch, in litt. — Chabr. sciagr. p.
389. f. 2. Flowers greenish-yellow. Vittaa 2-3 in each furrow,
and 4-6 in the commissure Fruit nearly like that of Ferula.
Habit of Peucedanum, but the vittae is that of the present genus,
ex Koch, in litt. and umb. p. 93. no. 5. but according to Besser,
in litt. the vittae vary from 1-3 in the furrows, and therefore this
plant comes near to Peucedanum.
Var. ft, Podolica (D. C. prod. 4. p. 176.) stem angularly fur-
rowed ; sheaths elongated, loose ; leaves broader, y.. H. Na-
tive of Podolia. Oreoselinum Podolicum, Bess. enum. p. 12.
no. 330. fl. gall. 2- p- 392. Bieb. suppl. p. 210.
Chabrceus's Palimbia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1791. PI. 2 feet.
Cult. See Peucedanum, p. 335. for culture and propagation.
XCVI. PEUCE'DANUM (™KtZaVOv of Theophrastus and
Dioscorides ; said to be from TTEUKIJ, peitke, a pine, and Savot,
danos, parched ; the plant was so called on account of its strong
smell, which resembles resin). Koch, umb. 92. f. 28. and f. 29.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 176 — Peucedanum, Selinum, and Ferula, &c.
of authors. — Oreoselinum and Thyssellnum, Hoffm. umb. p. 153.
and 154. — Oreoselinum and Peucedanum, Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 90.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals obovate, emarginate or entire, with an inflexed point.
Fruit flattened from the back or lenticularly compressed, girded
by a dilated complanate margin. Mericarps having the ribs at
equal distances, the 3 intermediate ones filiform, but the 2 lateral
ones are more obsolete, and contiguous to the dilated margin, or
lost in it. Vittae one in each furrow, but sometimes 2, and
usually 2 in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed flat
in front. — Usually glabrous perennial herbs. Leaves simply
pinnate, or many times pinnate, or ternately divided. Umbels
compound, terminal. Involucra variable ; involucels of many
leaves. Flowers white or yellow or greenish yellow. Accord-
ing to Besser, the species with obcordate petals narrowed at the
base are distinguished from the species with ovate petals, which
are broadest at the base, and entire or a little emarginate at the
apex. The first constitutes Oreoselinum, and the second the true
species of Peucedanum.
SECT. I. ECPEUCE'DANUM (from e.u, well, and Peucedanum ;
this section is supposed to contain the true species of the genus).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 176. — Peucedana legitima, Koch, 1. c. —
Peucedanum, Gaertn. fr. 1. t. 21. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 1082.
Margin of mericarps narrow. Vittae 2-4 in the commissure.
Dorsal ribs of mericarps 5, the outer 2 more remote than the
rest. Involucra usually wanting or of few leaves, rarely of 5-8
leaves.
* Flowers yellow.
1 P. PANICULA'TUM (Lois. fl. gall. p. 722.) stem terete,
striated, branched at the top ; leaves 5 times ternate or tricho-
tomous : segments linear; leaves of involucra 1-2, setaceous,
caducous; involucels of many leaves. I/ . H. Native of Cor-
sica. D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 513. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 565. Um-
bels numerous, disposed in a panicle. Flowers yellow. Fruit
unknown. This is a different plant from the Selinum panicula-
tum of Spreng.
Panicled Sulphur-wort. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818. PI. 3
to 4 feet.
2 P. OFFICINAVI,E (Lin. spec. p. 353.) stem terete', branched ;
leaves 5 times tripartite: segments linear, acute, flaccid; invo-
lucrum of 3 setaceous leaves, deciduous ; pedicels much longer
than the fruit. If,. H. Native of Europe, in humid meadows
and shady places. In Britain in salt marshes, very rare ; as in
ditches near Shoreham, Sussex ; and at Walton near Harwich,
Essex. About a quarter of a mile below Faversham, by the
river side. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1767. Hayne, arz. gew. 7. t. 4.
P. altissimum, Desf. cat. hort. par. p. 119. P. Alsaticum, Poir.
diet. 5. p. 227. Selinum Peucedanum, Sowerby, engl. bot. t.
1767. P. majus Italicum, Bauh. pin. 149. Moris, oxon. sect.
9. t. 15. f. 1.— Bauh. hist. 3. p. 2. 36. f. 1.— Trag. hist. p. 880.
p. 881. Hog's-fennel, Petiv. herb. brit. t. 24. f. 7. Herb
smooth, with a resinous juice, and a strong sulphureous smell.
In England, Gerarde says, it is called Horestrange and Hore-
strong (or Harestrang, from the German Haarstrang), Son-
fennel or Hog's-fennel, Sulphur-wort, and Brimstone-wort. The
root wounded in spring yields a considerable quantity of a yel-
low juice, which dries into a gummy resin, and retains the strong
scent of the root. Many stimulating qualities have been attri-
buted to the root, but it should seem to be rather dangerous for
internal use.
Var. ft, Italicum (Mill. diet. no. 2.) segments of leaves or
leaflets very narrow, filiform. I/ . H. Native of the south of
Europe. Lob. icon. t. 781. Leaves of involucra 3-4, as in the
species. Leaves almost like those of P. longifolium. Perhaps
a proper species or a variety of P. longifolium or P. Af orison i,
but very distinct from P. Parisiense. It grows on low moun-
tains, and also in valleys by the sides of rivers in Italy. It is
altogether a larger plant than the species.
Officinal or Sea Sulphur-wort. Fl. July, Sept. Britain. PI.
3 to 4 feet.
3 P. LEDEBOU'RI ; stem terete, branched ; leaves 5 times tri-
partite ; segments linear, with roughish cartilaginously serrated
margins ; involucra of few leaves, caducous ; pedicels exceeding
the fruit. 7£ . H. Native of Siberia, every where in open situ-
1
UMBELLIFERJE. XCVI. PEUCEDANUM.
331
ations, particularly on rocks. P. officinale, Ledeb. fl. alt. 1 . p.
304. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 215. in a note, 2. p. 214. no. 538.
Segments of leaves covered with copious pellucid dots. Invo-
lucra for the most part of 3 leaves : of these 1 is lanceolate,
the other lanceolate-linear, and the third filiform, 2 are caducous,
and the third permanent. This species differs from P. officinale
in the margins of the leaves being cartilaginously serrated, and
in the fruit being smaller, &c.
Far. /3 ; leaves biternate ; leaflets 5-6 inches long ; rays of
umbel and umbellules elongated and divaricated.
Ledebour's Sulphur-wort. Fl. June, July. PL 3 to 4 feet.
4 P. ELAVriiM (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 305,) stem terete ; leaves
glabrous, 3 or 4 times pinnate ; pinnulae pinnate ; leaflets pinna-
tifid or cut or entire : lobes linear, acuminated, with smooth
margins ; primordial umbel nearly sessile ; involucrum wanting ;
involucels short. "!(.. H. Native of Altaia, every where in ex-
posed places on the declivities of mountains. Primary and
secondary ramifications of the leaves opposite, but the pinnulae
are alternate. Petals deep yellow : those of the male flowers
ovate-oblong, attenuated : those of the hermaphrodite flowers
obovate, all having indexed points. Vittae almost the length of
the mericarps, 1 in each furrow, and 2 in the commissure.
Tall Sulphur-wort. Fl. May, June. PI. 5 feet.
5 P. LONGIFOLIUM (Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 3. t. 251.)
stem terete, branched a little ; leaves 5 times tripartite ; leaflets
triquetrously setaceous, channelled, elongated ; involucra want-
ing or of one leaf; fruit with very narrow wings. If.. H. Na-
tive of Hungary, on calcareous rocks. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 567.
Host, fl. austr. 1. p. 366. Petioles of radical leaves terete.
Flowers yellow. Fruit with 5 ribs, and 4 vittae on the back ;
and the commissure with 2 vittae.
Long-leaved Sulphur-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1 823. PI.
4 to 5 feet.
6 P. RUTHE'NICUM (Bieb. fl. taur. and suppl. no. 539.) stem
terete ; leaves triternately divided : segments or leaflets acute,
1 -nerved, very long ; involucra nearly wanting; pedicels length
of fruit. If. H. Native of Caucasus, Tauria, and the south of
Russia. P. Tauricum, Spreng. umb. spec. p. 53. Ferula
Ruthenica, Spreng. umb. prod. 14. pug. 1. p. 27. This species
differs from P. officinale in the leaves being less divided, in the
segments or leaflets being longer, and in the pedicels being one-
half shorter.
Far. ft, Tauricum (Bieb. fl. taur. p. 540.) leaves 5 times tri-
partite ; segments or leaflets linear, acute, short. 1£. H. Na-
tive of Tauria and Caucasus, in mountain meadows.
Russian Sulphur-wort. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818. PI. 3
to 4 feet.
7 P. MORISONI (Bess, in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 567. in a note,)
stem unknown ; leaves triternately divided : leaflets linear, acute,
long, stiff, 3-5-nerved ; involucra wanting; involucels of many
setaceous leaves. Tf. . H. Native of Siberia. Ligusticum longi-
folium, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1428. Peucedanum, Mor. oxon. 3.
sect. 9. t. 15. f. 1. Vittae 2 in the commissure, but usually 4,
ex Koch, umb. 93.
Morison's Sulphur-wort. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
8 P. BESSERIA'NUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 177.) stem terete, a
little branched ; leaves triternate ; leaflets linear, nerved, divari-
cate ; involucrum nearly wanting ; involucels of a few very short
leaves. Tf.. H. Native on hills about Odessa. Ferula Bes-
seriana, Spreng. in litt. Peucedanum species, Bess, in litt.
Herb and leaves nearly as in P. Parisiense, but the flowers are
yellow, and commissure is furnished with 4, not with 2 vittae.
Teeth of calyx short, not as in P. officinale subulate. Rays of
umbel nearly equal. Fructiferous pedicels 3-6 lines long, not
as in P. officinale an inch long.
Besser's Sulphur-wort. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
9 P. ARENA'RIUM (Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 1. t. 20.)
stem terete, striated, branched ; leaves tripinnate ; leaflets linear,
obtuse, stiffish, short ; involucra nearly wanting; rays of umbel
few, unequal ; leaves of involucels linear-subulate. %. H. Na-
tive of Hungary, in sandy places; and of Transylvania, in cal-
careous places ; and of the south of Podolia. Spreng. umb.
spec. 51. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 568. Bess. cont. p. 43. Allied
to Palimbia Chabroe'i. Vittae one in each furrow, and 4 in the
commissure, ex Koch, umb. 93.
Sand Sulphur-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
10 P. SIBI'RICUM (Willd. spec. 1. p. 1406. Koch, umb. p. 93.)
stems terete, almost without leaves ; cauline sheaths large, prui-
nosely glaucous ; radical leaves on long petioles, triply pinnate,
stifF, shining; leaflets linear, cuspidate, with serrulated margins;
involucrum almost wanting ; central umbel sessile : lateral ones
pedunculate. I/ . H. Native of Croatia, Bessarabia, Caucasus,
and Siberia. Ferula Tatarica, Fisch. in litt. Spreng. umb. prod.
14. exclusive of the synonymes. Bieb. suppl. p. 219. Ferula
Sibirica, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 592. Vittae 1 in each
furrow, but sometimes 2 in the lateral furrows, and always 4 in
the commissure ; lateral vittse usually incomplete, and sometimes
wanting in the same specimen. Habit and flowers like P. are-
narium. The plant from Croatia is probably different from that
of Siberia.
Siberian Sulphur-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804. PI. 3
to 4 feet.
11 P. DISSE'CTUM (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 181. fl. alt. 1. p.
306.) stem terete, leafy ; superior branches in whorles ; sheaths
spreading ; leaves pubescent, 4 times pinnate ; pinnulae oppo-
site, petiolate, pinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid or entire : segments
oblong, rather bifid ; primordial umbels nearly sessile ; involu-
cra and involucels very minute. I/ . H. Native of Altaia, on
hills at the river Talowka, near Buchtorminsk. Involucrum of
one or few minute setaceous leaves. Petals golden yellow, ovate,
acute, inflexed. Ribs of fruit filiform. Vittae 1 in each fur-
row, and 2 in the commissure.
Dissected-leaved Sulphur-wort. Fl. June. PI. 4 feet.
12 P. CANE'SCENS (Led.fl.ross.alt.il!. t. 105. fl. alt. 1. p.
307.) stem terete, leafy ; intermediate branches opposite and
tern ; sheaths closely adpressed ; leaves clothed with hoary pu-
bescence, 3 times pinnate ; pinnulae opposite, petiolate, pinnate ;
lower segments pinnatifid : upper ones confluent : lobes broad-
ovate, tridentate or entire, acute ; involucrum wanting or of one
leaf; involucels of many short leaves. I/.. H. Native of Al-
taia, on rocks on Mount Arkaul. Leaves of involucels many,
lanceolate, acute, with a yellow keel, and white margins.
Flowers deep yellow. Petals ovate, acuminated, inflexed. Fruit
not seen.
Canescent Sulphur-wort. Fl. May. June. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
13 P. GRA'CILE (Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 306. fl. alt. 1. p.
308.) stem leafless, branched ; branches scattered ; radical leaves
clothed with hoary pubescence, but at length becoming glabrous,
bipinnate ; pinnulae opposite, pinnate ; leaflets nearly opposite,
rather trifid ; sheaths leafless, stem-clasping, chartaceous, per-
manent. Tf.. H. Native of Altaia, in dry saltish open places
in the Kirghisean-steppe, between Buchtorminsk and the lake
called Noor-Saisan. Root thick. Involucra and involucels
wanting, or of one or two leaves, which are formed from the
pedicels becoming abortive and leaf-like. Flowers polygamous,
those in the terminal umbels hermaphrodite and fertile ; and
those in the lateral umbels male. Vittae 1 in each furrow, and
4 in the commissure. Petals golden yellow, obovate, acute, in-
flexed. Habit of a species of Ferula, and probably the same
as Ferula pumila, Pall, ex Schultes, syst. 6. p. 598.
Far. ft, microcdrpum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 309.) seed one-half
smaller than in the species,
u u 2
332
UMBELL1FER&. XCVI. PEUCEDANUM.
Slender Sulphur- wort. Fl. May. PI 1 to 2 feet.
14 P. DU BJUM (Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 310.) stem leafless, branch-
ed ; branches scattered : upper branches nearly opposite ; leaves
unknown ; sheaths leafless, stem-clasping, chartaceous, perma-
nent ; fruit orbicularly elliptic. If. . H. Native of Altaia, in
exposed dry sterile places, at the river Tschuja. Habit more
robust than that of the preceding species, and the stems more
branched and more flexuous. Umbels polygamous. Involucra
and involucels wanting, unless they are caducous. Vittae 1 in
each furrow, and 4 in the commissure.
Doubtful Sulphur-wort. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
15 P. SOONGA'RICUM ; stem leafless from the base to the apex,
branched ; upper branches disposed in whorles ; radical leaves
clothed with hoary pubescence, 4 or 5 times pinnate ; pinnulaa
opposite, pinnate-parted : segments obovate, cut; lobes acute ;
involucels very minute. If. . H. Native of the Soongarian
desert, between the river Irtysch and the mountains of Dolen-
Kara, in saltish places. P. paniculatum, Led. fl. ross. alt. ill.
t. 199. fl. alt. 1. p. 311. Involucrutn wanting, unless it be ca-
ducous. Umbellules usually proliferous, hermaphrodite and male
on the same specimen. Involucels wanting to the hermaphro-
dite umbellules, unless they are caducous ; but usually of many
lanceolate-linear acute leaves to the male umbellules. Flowers
yellow ; petals ovate-oblong. Vittae 1 in each furrow, and 2 in
the commissure. Perhaps the same as Ferula Soongarica, Pall, ex
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 598. The stem yields a gum which has a taste
between gum-Ammoniac and parsley. Habit exactly of Ferula.
Soongarian Sulphur-wort. Fl. May, June. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
16 P. AU'REUM (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 341.) stem terete;
leaves ternately supra-decompound, flaccid ; leaflets pinnatifid,
slender : segments linear, acute ; leaves of involucrum 1-3,
linear, acute; rays of umbel 40-50; fruit puberulous when
young. $ . F. Native of Teneriffe, and the Grand Canary
Island, in mountain pastures. Ker, bot. reg. 559. Spreng. umb.
spec. p. 58. Sclmltes, syst. 6. p. 570. Ferula aurea, Link, in
Buch. can. p. 152. Flowers golden yellow. Fruit, according
to Sprengel and the bot. reg., oval, compressed from the back,
with 5 ribs and 4 vittae, and crowned by the styles.
Golden-fton-ered Sulphur-wort. Fl. June. Clt. 1779. PI.
3 to 4 feet.
17 P. CAPILLA'CEUM (Thunb. prod. p. 50. fl. cap. p. 257.)
stem terete, striated, naked, nearly simple; radical leaves 5 times
trichotomous : segments subulate, furrowed above, stiff"; invo-
lucra and involucels of 5-6 lanceolate-subulate leaves. If.. F.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the mountains. Sieb. pi.
exsic. no. 212. Flowers yellow, according to Thunberg. Fruit
ovate, compressed, marginately winged, having 3 elevated ribs
on each side, ex Thunb.
Capillary-leaved Sulphur-wort. PI. 1 foot.
18 P. TENUIFOLIUM (Thunb. prod. 50. fl. cap. 257. but not
of Poir.) stem striated, terete, a little branched ; leaves bipin-
natifid : segments lanceolate and alternate, marginated : sheaths
broad, stipula-formed at the base of the petioles ; involucra and
involucels of 6 leaves. I/. F. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, on the mountains. Spreng. umb. spec. p. 59. Fruit
ovate, marginating, winged on the back, with 5 ribs, ex Thunb.
Fine-leaved Sulphur-wort. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
19 P. VIRGA'TUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 392.)
stem terete, shrubby ; leaves stiff, pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate,
quite entire, mucronate, with revolute margins ; involucra and
involucels of many short leaves. fj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope, on the mountains. Burchell, cat. pi. afr. austr.
no. 2869. The whole plant is quite glabrous and coriaceous.
Petals ovate, yellow, entire at the apex, or hardly emarginate.
Fruit said to be elliptic, with 5 ribs on the back, having a com-
planate margin.
Twiggy Sulphur-wort. Shrub.
* * Flowers cream-coloured.
20 P. SCHO'TTII (Bess, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 178.) stem
terete, a little branched ; leaves pinnate-parted : segments linear ,
acute, entire or divided ; involucra and involucels none. "if. . H.
Native of Volhynia and Podolia. Imperatoria Chabrse'i, Bess,
fl. gall. Very like Palimbia Chdbrce'i, but differs in the lobes of
the leaves being more diverging, in the rays of the umbels being
quite smooth, in the involucels being wanting, and in the furrows
being furnished with one vittae each. x
Sclwlt's Sulphur-wort. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
21 P. ORIENTA'LE ; stem terete, branched, fistular ; leaves
pinnate ; leaflets bipinnatifid ; lobes linear-oblong, acute ; invo-
lucrum wanting ; involucels of a few leaves. Ti . H. Native
of Nipaul, on the Himalaya at Gosaingsthan. P. dissectum,
D. C. prod. 4. p. 178. but not of Led. Sellnum? dissectum,
Wall. mss. Habit of JEthusa or Thyssellnum. Fruit nearly
orbicular, with a narrow margin. Vittae all evident, solitary in
the furrows, and twin in the commissure. Flowers cream-co-
loured or greenish, according to the dried specimen.
Eastern Sulphur-wort. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
* * * Flowers while.
22 P. PARISIE'NSE (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 336.) stem terete, a little
branched ; leaves 3 or 4 times 3-parted : leaflets linear, nerved,
divaricate; involucra of 8-10 linear-subulate leaves ; leaves of the
involucels setaceous. If. . H. Native about Paris, in dry fields ;
and of Occitania. Jaum, pi. fasc. 3. p. 296. P. officinale,
Thuil. fl. par. 140. but not of Lin. P. Gallicum, Pers. ench. 1.
p. 310. P. Gallicum var. a, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p.
565. exclusive of var. /3. Fruit oblong, ex Spreng. Commis-
sure furnished with 2 vittae, ex Koch. Flowers white.
Parisian Sulphur-wort. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1800. PI. 4
to 5 feet.
23 P. GLAU'CUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 179.) stem terete,
branched ; leaves biternate ; leaflets broad-linear, elongated,
acuminated, with a few awned serratures ; involucra and invo-
lucels wanting ; fruit with membranous wings, "if. . H. Native
of Nipaul, and at Deyra-Dhoon. Selinum? glaucum, Wall. mss.
Flowers white, but rose coloured in a dried state. The fruit is
nearly like that of section 4, but the involucra are wanting.
Commissure furnished with 2 curved vittae.
Glaucous Sulphur-wort. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
24 P. VAGINA'TUM (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 808. fl. alt. 1. p.
312.) root creeping; stem simple; leaves pinnate ; pinnae op-
posite, pinnate ; leaflets alternate, pinnate-parted, or tripartite,
or entire : segments linear, acute ; sheaths membranous ; invo-
lucrum wanting ; leaves of involucels linear, length of umbel-
lules. 1^. H. Native of Altaia, in meadows at the rivers
Irtysch, and Koksun. Flowers white ; petals tapering into an
inflexed point. Vittse 2 in each furrow, and 4 in the commis-
sure. Stylopodium and styles purple. Margin of mericarps
broad.
far. /3, pumilum (Led. fl. alt. 1. c.) differs from the species in
the stems being only 3 inches high, furnished with leaves at the
root ; mericarps nearly one-half smaller.
Sheathed Sulphur-wort. PI. \ to 1 foot.
SECT. II. THYSSELI'NUM (from 8vo>, thyo, to burn incense, and
aeXtvov, selinon, parsley ; acrid juice of the plants). Hoffm. umb.
p. 153. Spreng. umb. spec. p. 70. Gaudin. fl. helv. 2. p. 331. D.
C. prod. 4. p. 179. — Thyoselinum, Riv. pent. t. 19,20. Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 895. Margin of mericarps narrow. Vittae in the
commissure 2, covered by an indusium. Universal involucra of
many leaves. Flowers white. Perhaps this section may con-
stitute a proper genus.
UMBELLIFERjE. XCVI. PEUCEDANUM.
333
25 P. SYLVE'STRE (D. C. prod. 4. p. 179.) stem terete, fur-
rowed ; leaves bipinnate or tripinnate : leaflets pinnatifid : seg-
ments linear-lanceolate, bluntish ; involucra and involucels of
many leaves ; fruit lanceolate-elliptic. !{.. H. Native of the
north and east of Europe, in marshes and meadows. Selinum
sylvestre, Lin. hort. ups. p. 59. Oed. fl. dan. t. 412. D. C. fl.
fr. 4. p. 319. Thysselinum, Riv. pent. irr. t. 19 and 20. Thys-
selinum palustre, Hoffm.umb. p. 154. Spreng. in Schultes, syst.
6. p. 463. exclusive of the synonyme of Lin. Peucedanum
palustre, Mcench, meth. 82. Koch, umb. p. 94. Athamantha
flexuosa, Juss. hort. par. Athamantha Pisana, Savi, in Ust.
ann. 21, p. 7. Selinum Cantabrigiense, Fisch. Selinum Schi-
wereckii and Selinum intermedium, Bess. prim. fl. gall. 1. p.
205. Thysselinum palustre and Thyss. Plinii, Spreng. syst. 2.
p. 895. most probably appertains to this plant. Fruit brownish
purple, 2 lines long. Root with many necks. Flowers white.
mid Sulphur-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. 2 to
3 feet.
26 P. BAICALE'NSE (Koch, umb. p. 94.) stem furrowed at the
top, much branched ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid : seg-
ments linear, acute ; leaves of involucra many, rather toothed ;
leaves of involucels cohering at the base, exceeding the umbel-
lules. If.. H. Native of Siberia, about Lake Baical ; and of
Hungary. P. terebinthinaceum, Fisch. in litt. Selinum tere-
binthinaceum, Trev. nov. act. soc. nat. cur. 13. p. 166. S. col-
linum, Kit. in Willd. herb. The Hungarian plant is the same as
the Siberian one.
Baical Sulphur-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 to
S feet.
SECT. III. CERVA'RIA (from cervus, a stag ; the P. cervaria is
said to be much sought after by stags). D. C. in Dub. hot. gall,
prod. 4. p. 179.— Cervaria, Gsertn. fr. t. 21. f. 10. Gaudin. fl.
helv. 2. p. 324. Margin of mericarps narrow. Commissural
vittae 2, superficial. Dorsal ribs 5, approximate. Vittae soli-
tary in the furrows. Involucra of many leaves.
27 P. ALSA'TICUM (Lin. spec. 354. but not of Poir.) stem an-
gularly furrowed, branched ; leaves tripinnate ; leaflets pinna-
tifid : segments oblong, mucronate, with serrulately scabrous
margins ; involucra and involucels of many lanceolate-linear
leaves, which are subulate at the apex ; fruit elliptic-oblong.
y.. H. Native of the Pyrenees, Provence, Alsatia, Switzerland,
Austria, Transylvania, Tauria, and Siberia, in wo<ids and mea-
dows. Jacq. fl. aust. t. 70. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 337. Led. fl.
alt. 1. p. 312. Daucus Alsaticus, C. Bauh. prod. p. 77. Se-
linum Alsaticum, Crantz. austr. p. 59. Cnidium Alsaticum,
Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 417. Cervaria Alsatica, Gaudin.
fl. helv. 2. p. 327. Petals pale yellow.
Var. ft, albiflorum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 1 79.) stem more angu-
lar ; flowers white. I/ . H. Native of Italy, Austria, and
Vallais. Selinum Venetum, Spreng. umb. spec. 73. Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 561. Selinum Austrlacum, Bertol. Selinum Alsa-
ticum, Crantz.
Alsatian Sulphur-wort. Fl. July. Clt. 1774. PI. 3 to 5 ft.
28 P. CERVA'RIA (Cusson, ex Lapeyr. abr. p. 149. Koch,
umb. 94.) stem terete, nearly simple ; leaves bipinnate, glau-
cous ; leaflets ovate, auriculated on the outside at the base,
toothed : teeth mucronate ; involucra of many leaves ; fruit
oval. 7£. H. Native of middle Europe, from the Pyrenees to
Austria.— Clus. hist. t. 193. f. 2. Athamantha Cervaria, Lin.
spec. p. 352. Jacq. austr. 69. Bertol. amoen. p. 139. Seli-
num Cervaria, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 1194. Crantz, austr. t. 3.
f. 1. Selinum glaucum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 419. Cervaria rigida,
Mcench, meth. 98. Cervaria Rivini, Gsertn. fr. t. 21. f. 10.
Cervaria glauca, Gaudin, fl. helv. 2. p. 324. Ligusticum Cer-
varia, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 907. — Plench. icon. t. 185. Corolla
white, with a purplish outside. The plant is recommended in
the gout ; and in Styria they use it in intermittent fevers.
Var. fl, latifblium (Viv. ital. fragm. 1. p. 18. t. 22.) leaves
broader and less glaucous. If.. H. Native in rather boggy
places.
Var. y ? dissectum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 180.) leaflets pinnatifid ;
lobes 3-5-cleft. If.. H. Cervaria lae'vis, Gaudin, 1. c. in a
note. Perhaps P. oreoselinum, var.
Stag's Sulphur-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1597. ' PI. 4
to 5 feet.
29 P. CERVARLEFOLIUM (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 126.) plant
glabrous, glaucescent ; stem fistular, terete ; leaves bipinnate and
tripinnate ; leaflets membranous, ovate, or a little cordate,
cut, mucronately toothed ; petioles nearly terete, fistular ; sheaths
narrow ; leaves of both involucra and involucels setaceous ;
mericarps puberulous, with narrow margins ; the 3 dorsal ribs
sharp. I/ . H. Native of Caucasus, on the Talusch mountains.
Allied to P. Alsaticum, P. cervaria, and Imperatoria Caucdsica,
but sufficiently distinct from all. Flowers greenish or dirty red.
Cervaiia-leaved Sulphur-wort. PI. 3 to 5 feet.
30 P. OREOSELI" NUM (Cusson, ex Lapeyr. abr. p. 149.) stem
terete, striated ; leaves tripinnate ; petioles bent back ; leaflets
remote, ovate, deeply pinnatifid, divaricate, shining : teeth rather
mutic ; fruit oval-orbicular. 1£.H. Native of middle Europe
and Caucasus, in open exposed places of hills. Athamantha
oreoselinum, Lin. spec. 352. Jacq. aust. 1. t. 68. Hayn. arz.
gew. 7. t. 3. Selinum oreoselinum, Scop. earn. no. 330. Oreo-
selinum nigrum, Delarb. auv. 1. p. 428. Oreoselinum legiti-
mum, Bieb. suppl. 210. Cervaria oreoselinum, Gaudin, fl. helv.
2. p. 324. Fenced, oreoselinum, Mcench, meth. 82. Koch,
umb. 94. — Dod. pempt. 696. with a figure. The plant is grate-
fully aromatic, and deserves to be better known. Flowers white,
with a tinge of blush.
Var. ft, angulatum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 1 80.) stem angularly
furrowed, pubescent. 1£. H. Native of the Central Pyrenees.
Selinum oreoselinum ft, D. C. fl. fr. suppl. no. 3485. p. 511.
Perhaps a proper species.
Mountain-parsley. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. PI. 3-J feet.
SECT. IV. SELINOI'DES (containing plants having the habit of
Selinum). D. C. prod. 4. p. 180. — Peucedanum, sect. 4. a.
Koch, umb. 94. — Oreoselinum species, Hoffm. Bieb. — Selinum
species, Gaudin, fl. helv. 2. p. 333. Margin of mericarps dia-
phanous, very broad. Commissural vittae 2, rarely 4, super-
ficial. Dorsal ribs of mericarps 5, and with 1 vittse in each
furrow between the ribs. Involucra and involucels of many
leaves.
31 P. AUSTRLACUM (Koch, umb. p. 94.) stem sulcately
striated ; leaves tripinnate ; leaflets ovate, cuneated at the base,
coarsely toothed, pinnatifid : teeth bluntish, mucronate ; leaves
of involucra linear. 3£. H. Native of Austria, Pannonia,
Upper Italy, and probably of France. Selinum Austriacum,
Jacq. aust. t. 71. vind. 49. Selinum argenteum, Crantz, austr.
174. t. 4. f. 2. Selinum nigrum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 420. Oreo-
selinum Austriacum, Hoffm. umb. p. 155. Vittae usually 4 in
the commissure, and often 2 in the outer furrows, ex Koch, in
litt. P. montanum, involucratum, and Rablense, are probably
only varieties of this species. Besser makes P. Austriacum and
montanum one species and P. involucratum and Jtablense ano-
ther. The petioles of the radical leaves are divided into 3
branches.
Austrian Sulphur-wort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1804. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
32 P. MONTA'NUM (Koch, umb. 94.) stem deeply furrowed,
branched, and corymbose in the upper part, smooth, hollow ;
leaves thrice pinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid, with elliptic-lanceolate
segments ; leaves of involucrum lanceolate, pointed, dependent,
334
UMBELLIFERjE. XCVI. PEUCEDANUM.
entire, or 2-3-cleft, rarely pinnatifid ; rays of umbel rough ;
ribs of fruit broad, obtuse. 1£. H. Native of England, Swit-
zerland, and France, in boggy meadows. Selinum montanum,
Schleich. pi. exsic. Willd. enum. p. 306. Selinum palustre,
Lin. spec. p. 350. Smith, engl. bot. t. 229. Fl. dan. 257.
Crantz, fl. austr. fasc. 3. p. 39. t. 4. f. 1. ? B.C. fl. fr. 4. p.
320. Selinum nigricans, Gaudin. fl. helv. 2. p. 333. Selinum
Austriacum, Hall. fil. in Rcem. 1. f. 2. p. 4. Selinum polymor-
phum, Spreng. pug. 2. p. 50. Schultes, syst. C. p. 559. Root
tapering, simple. Flowers white. There are several barren or
abortive flowers in each partial umbel. Leaves dark green.
The root is said to serve the Russians for ginger ; and the whole
herb abounds with a white, bitter, fetid juice, of the consistence
of cream, which soon dries to a brown acrid resin. The milky
exudation is the only character by which Tournefort distinguishes
his Thyoselmum from his Oreoselinum.
Mountain Milk-parsley or Sulphur-wort. Fl. July. Britain.
PI. 4 to 5 feet.
33 P. ALPE'STRE (Lin. spec. 353.) stem terete, furrowed,
branched ; leaves thrice or 4-times ternate ; leaflets linear,
acute ; involucrum of many reflexed leaves ; umbels of many
rays; involucels of many linear, acute leaves, rather shorter
than the umbellules. 2f. H. Native country unknown. P.
album, Desf. hort. par. cat. 119. Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 276.
P. minus, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 228. ? but not of others. The
leaves agree with those of P. montanum. Flowers yellow.
Alp Sulphur-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt.1739. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
34 P. WALLICHIA' NUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 181.) stem terete,
branched : leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets linear, cuspidate,
smooth ; involucra and involucels composed of cut leaves ; ribs
of fruit elevated ; vittae in the commissure 4. "%.. H. Native
of the East Indies, at Sirinagur ; and of Nipaul at Kamaon and
Gosaingsthan. Selinum tenuifolium, Wall. mss. Leaves, habit,
and involucrum like those of P. involucratiim. Ribs of fruit
more elevated than in the rest of the species of the present
genus, and nearly as in Selinum exserted, but the commissure is
broad, as in the other species of the genus.
Wallich's Sulphur-wort. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
35 P. INVOLUCRA'TUM (Koch, umb. p. 94.) stem furrowed,
angular, branched ; leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets linear,
cuspidate, with scabrous margins ; leaves of involucra cut ;
leaves of involucels lanceolate, with white membranous margins ;
umbels somewhat proliferous. "%. H. Native of the Alps of
Piedmont, near Fenestrelle. Selinum peucedanoides, Desf. cat.
hort. par. 1813. p. 142. Spreng. umb. spec. 75. Horn. hort.
hafn. add. p. 960. Oreoselinum peucedanoides, Hoffm. umb.
p. 155. S. argenteum, All. pedem. no. 1304. but not of Crantz.
Flowers white.
Involucrated Sulphur-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
36 P. RABLE'NSE (Koch, umb. p. 94.) stem sulcately striated ;
leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets linear, cuspidate ; involucra
of many linear-subulate quite entire leaves ; fruit elliptic, broadly
margined. I/ . H. Native of Carinthia, in the valley of Rab-
lensi ; and on the mountains in the Alps of Bormio and of Gene-
roso ; and of Zealand, on the sea-shore. Ferula Rablensis,
Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 4. p. 312. Selinum lineare, Schum. seel.
1. p. 95. Horn. fl. dan. t. 1330. Selinum elegans, Balb. hort.
taur. fasc. 1. p. 23. t. 4. Oreoselinum Rablense, Hoffm. umb.
155. Selinum Rablense, Gaudin, fl. helv. 2. p. 335. Flowers
white.
Var. ft, BeUardl (D. C. prod. 4. p. 181.) leaflets longer than
in the species ; involucrum of few leaves. 7/ . H. Native of
Piedmont. Selinum Bellardi, Balb. herb. cat. taur. 1821. p. 51.
Rablensi Sulphur-wort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
37 P. LATIFOIIUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 181.) stem terete, stri-
ated ; leaves pinnate, rather coriaceous ; leaflets ovate-oblong,
cartilaginously serrated, cut at the base ; upper sheaths large,
leafless ; fruit elliptic, broadly margined. I/ . H. Native of
grassy places at the river Volga, and of Caucasus. Selinum
latifolium, Bieb. suppl. 211. Angelica laevigata, Fisch. cat.
hort. gor. 1812. Involucrum of many leaves. Teeth of calyx
very short. Nearly as in Imperaloria.
Broad-leaved Sulphur-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816.
PI. 2 feet.
38 P. SELINOI'DES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 181.) stem terete,
smooth ; leaves tripinnate ; leaflets gather remote, cuneated,
pinnatifid: with lanceolate, acute segments; leaves of involucra
membranous, cut a little. $ . H. Native of Siberia. Selinum
Sibiricum, Retz. obs. 2. p. 15. Spreng. umb. spec. 71. Flowers
white. Vittae of fruit 4, parallel, and 2 superficial ones in the
commissure, ex Spreng. Habit almost of Gaya simplex.
Selinum-like Sulphur-wort. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
39 P. FOLYPHY'LLUM (Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 309. fl. alt. 1 .
p. 314.) stem sulcately striated, branched; radical leaves nu-
merous, bipinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid, trifid, or entire : segments
oblong or linear, acute, with smooth margins ; leaves of invo-
lucrum lanceolate, with membranous margins, deciduous. I/ . H.
Native of Altaia, on dry rocks at the rivers Tscharysch and
Kerlyk, near Riddersk, Loktewsk, and elsewhere ; on sandy
hills, about Schulbinsk at the river Irtysch. Involucels of many
leaves, like those of the involucrum. Flowers white ; outer
petals deeply emarginate, with an indexed ponit. Mericarps
with rather prominent ribs, girded by a broad margin. Vittae
2 in the commissure, and 1 in each furrow : the outer ones as
broad as the furrows.
Var, a, pulescens (Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 315) segments of leaflets
short, oblong, crowded, covered with fine down or thick short
hairs; stem at most 2 feet high. I/. H. Native on dry rocks,
at the rivers Tscharysch, and Kerlyk.
Far. ft, glabrum (Led. 1. c.) segments of leaflets longer, ob-
long-linear, more remote, glabrous ; stem 3 feet high, or more.
7£. H. Native in sandy places, near Schulbinsk and Loktewsk.
Far. y, lineare (Led. 1. c.) segments of leaflets elongated,
linear, rather falcate, remote, glabrous ; stem about 2 feet high.
1{. . H. On rocks about Riddersk.
Many-leaved Sulphur-wort. Fl. June. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
SECT. V. ANGELICOI'DES (containing plants having the habit
of Angelica)' D. C. prod. 4. p. 181. — Imperatoria, Koch,
umb. 95. Margin of mericarps dilated. Commissural vittas 2,
superficial. Dorsal ribs 5, at equal distances. Vittae 1 in each
furrow. Involucrum wanting. Involucels of many leaves.
Perhaps a species of Imperatoria, but differs in the calyx being
5-toothed.
40 P. VERTICILLA'RE (Koch, umb. 95. in add.) stem terete,
glaucous ; floriferous branches verticillate ; leaves bipinnate or
tripinnate ; leaflets ovate, toothed, acute : lateral ones unequal
at the base : terminal one cordate. T± . H. Native of Pied-
mont, near Torton (ex All. pedem. no. 1311. exclusive of the
synonyme of Lam.) ; and probably ofltaly (ex J. Bauh. hist. 3.
p. 2. p. 167. f. 1.). Angelica verticillaris, Lin. mant. p. 217.
Jacq. hort. vind. t. 130. Imperatoria verticillaris, D. C. fl. fr. 4.
p. 287. Koch, umb. 95. Flowers greenish-yellow. Habit of
Imperaloria or Angelica.
JVhorled-branched Sulphur-wort. Fl. July. Clt. 1683. PI.
4 to 6 feet.
f Species not sufficiently known.
41 P. ISETE'NSE (Spreng. umb. spec. p. 57. and in Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 569.) stem angular, much branched ; leaves ternately
decompound ; leaflets trifid and pinnatifid ; segments lanceolate,
cuspidate, veiny ; umbels axillary ; involucra and involucels of
UMBELLIFERyE. XCVI. PEUCEDANUM. XCVII. IMPBRATORIA.
335
many leaves. If. . H. Native of Siberia, on the mountains. —
Gmel. sib. 1. p. 190. t. 42. Root thick, fusiform. Habit of
Trinia. Flowers cream-coloured. Fruit oval, a little winged.
This species probably appertains to sect. Thyssellnum.
Isetsk Sulphur-wort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
42 P. CRE'TICUM (Lin. spec. 354.?) stem terete, knotted at
the origin of the leaves ; leaves glaucous, pinnate ; leaflets mul-
tifid : segments linear ; umbel of 8-10 rays ; involucra df many
short, reflexed leaves ; fruit oblong, glabrous. I/ . H. Native
of Candia. Ligusticum Creticum, foeniculi folio, caule nodoso,
Tourn. cor. ex herb. Juss. The cut in Bauh. hist. 3. p. 2. p.
57 and 58. f. 1. agrees well with this plant, but the figure of P.
Alp, exot. p. 328. cited by Linnaeus, is very different from it.
Cretan Sulphur-wort. PI. ?
43 P. MICROPHY'LLUM (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 11.) leaves
tripinnate ; leaflets 3-lobed, fleshy ; involucrum hardly any.
"H.. H. Native of Siberia, in salt deserts about the Volga.
Peucedanum sallnum, Pall, in Spreng. syst. 1. p. 910. Atha-
roantha tenuif olia, Willd. herb, ex Spreng. Involucrum of 1
setaceous leaf, which is also sometimes absent. Fruit unknown.
A doubtful species.
Small-leaved Sulphur-wort. PI. 2 to 3 feet ?
44 P. JAPONICUM (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 117._) stem terete, flex-
uous, branched ; leaves 5-times 3-parted ; leaflets cuneiform,
trifid ; petioles broad, sheathing. 1£. H. Native of Japan, on
the sea- shore. Sam-Bofu, Koempf. amoen. exot. p. 825. The
•whole plant is glabrous, and hardly a foot high. Mericarps com-
pressed, ovate, scarcely winged.
Japan Sulphur-wort. PI. 1 foot.
45 P. TERNA'TUM (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 182.) stem striated,
few-leaved ; leaves on long petioles, ternate ; leaflets long,
linear, acute, quite entire, attenuated at the base ; involucrum
almost wanting ; involucels very short, 5-6-leaved ; fruit oblong,
elliptic, winged. 7£ . H. Native of Carolina, in woods by the
sides of marshes. Flowers unknown. Calyx entire. Margin
of calyx thick. Probably a species of Pastindca.
Ternafe-leaved Sulphur-wort. PI. 3 feet.
46 P. VERTICILLA'TUM (Rafin. fl. lud. p. 81.) leaves decom-
pound ; leaflets filiform : lower ones in whorls. If. . H, Na-
tive of Louisiana, in humid places. Rob. trav. louis. 3. p. 461.
JVhorled-]eavedi Sulphur- wort. PI. 2 to 3 feet?
47 P. RUPE'STRE (Hoffmans. and Willd. in Schultes. syst. 6.
p. 572.) leaves- supra-decompound ; leaflets linear, very narrow,
tripartite ; involucra and involucels of many leaves ; umbellules
usually 5-flowered. 11 . H. Native of Portugal. The rest
unknown.
Rock Sulphur-wort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1818. PL 2 to 3 ft.
48 P.? GENICULA'TUM (Forst. fl. ins. aust. p. 136.) plant
glabrous, branched, prostrate ; stem terete, striated ; leaves
alternate, cuneated at the base, quite entire, semi-orbicular at
the apex, and crenated ; petioles shortly and bluntly auriculated
at the base ; umbels pedunculate, of 2-3 rays ; involucrum of
2-3 leaves ; umbellules many-flowered ; petals inflexedly cor-
date at the apex, i; . H. Native of New Zealand. Bowlesia
geniculata, Spreng. umb. spec. 14. t. 5. f. 11. But it certainly
is not a species of Bowlesia, from the calyx being without teeth.
Kneed Sulphur-wort. PI. prostrate.
49 P. SPRENGE'LII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 182.) stem terete,
branched ; leaves bipinnate, lanceolate ; leaflets pinnatifid, ses-
sile : segments lanceolate, mucronate, veiny, with serrulately
scabrous margins ; floriferous branches panicled. l/.H. Na-
tive country unknown. Selinum paniculatum, Spreng. pug. 2.
p. 50. syst. 1. p. 909. Flowers yellow. Fruit with 3-winged
margins, having the ribs obsolete, and the furrows plano-
convex.
Sprengel's Sulphur-wort. PI. 2 to 3 feet?
Cult. Any common garden soil will suit the species of Peu-
cedanum ; and they are easily increased bv seeds.
XCVII. IMPERATO'RIA (so named from its supposed im-
perial virtues in medicine). Lin. gen. no. 352. Lag. am. nat.
2. p. 90. Koch, umb. p. 95. in add. D. C. prod. 4. p. 183. —
Imperat6ria species, Sprengel. — Peucedanum species, Koch. —
Angelica species, Hoffm.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia, All as in Peucedanum, but
the margin of the calyx is obsolete. — Glabrous, perennial herbs.
Stems terete, striated. Leaves biternate or triternate ; leaflets
ovate or oblong, serrated. Umbels large, compound. Involucra
wanting ; involucels of few leaves. Flowers white. Plants with
the habit of Angelica.
1 I. OSTRU'THIUM (Lin. spec. 372.) lower leaves biternate :
upper ones less compound ; leaflets broad, smooth, rough edged,
finely and sharply serrated, partly cut or lobed, sometimes 3-
cleft ; sheaths of leaves dilated. 11 . H. Native of Europe
and Newfoundland, in rather moist meadows and in woods ; in
Scotland, on the banks of the Clyde in several places, and in the
Isle of Bute, near Mount Stuart. Professor Hooker mentions
several stations in Scotland, chiefly about ancient residences,
indicating its being a naturalised plant. Smith, engl. bot. t.
1380. Woodv. med. bot. t. 35. Lob. icon. 700. f. 1. Hayn.
arz. gew. 7. t. 15. Lam. ill. t. 199. f. 1. Angelica officinalis,
Bernh. Selinum Imperatoria, Crantz, aust. 1746. Peuceda-
num Ostruthium, Koch, umb. 95. Nees. off", pfl. t. 7. Imperat6ria,
Rivin. pent. irr. t. 7. Ger. emac. 1001. f. 1. Mor. oxon. 3.
p. 278. sect. 9. t. 4. f. 1. I. major, Bauh. pin. p. 156. Gaud,
prod. t. 55. Laserpitium Germanicum, Fuchs. hist. 763. with
a figure. Astrdntia, Dod. pempt. 320. with a figure. Clus.
hist. vol. 2. p. 194. with a figure. Smyrnion, Trag. hist. 433.
with a figure. Flowers white or pale flesh-coloured. Root
fleshy, tuberous, somewhat creeping, of an aromatic and acrid
quality ; long supposed a sovereign counter-poison, and cele-
brated as a powerful external as well as internal remedy in nu-
merous disorders. It is said to be a sudorific, diuretic, and
sialogogue ; recommended in dropsy and debilities of the sto-
mach and bowels ; an infusion of it in wine is said to have
cured quartans that have resisted the bark. When chewed it
excites a copious flow of saliva, with a warm and not disagree-
able sensation in the gums, and frequently cures the rheumatic
toothache. The mericarps are broadly winged. The plant is
cultivated in several places for the London market.
Var. ft, triternata ; leaflets 3-parted, or nearly ternate. If. . H.
Native in the region of the Mediterranean. Imperat6ria triter-
nata, Viv. in litt.
Sparrow or Common, or Great Masterwort. Fl. June, July.
Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 I. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Bell, in Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 286.) leaves
biternate ; leaflets oblong, attenuated at the base, acuminated at
the apex, deeply serrated ; sheaths dilated. If.. H. Native of
Piedmont, in the Alps of Tenda, near Limon. Schultes, syst. 6.
p. 609. Peucedanum Imperatoroides, Link, enum. 1 . p. 269.
Angelica angustifolia, Hoffm. umb. 161. Imperatoria minor,
Mor. oxon. sect. 9. t. 4. Lob. icon. t. 700. f. 1. Flowers
white.
Narrow-leaved Master-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
3 I. CAUCA'SICA (Spreng. prod. umb. 17. and in Schultes, syst.
6. p. 609.) leaves biternate ; leaflets ovate, cuneated, deeply
lobed : middle one petiolate, somewhat 3-lobed ; involucra
usually of 1 leaf; involucels unilateral, of 3 leaves, pendulous.
1£. H. Native of Caucasus and Iberia, in woods. Selinum
Caucasicum, Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 213. Stev. mem. soc. mosc.
3. p. 259. Oreoselinum Caucasicum, Bieb. suppl. 209. The
336
UMBELLIFEILE. XCVII. IMPERATORIA. XCVIII. CALLISACE. XCIX. BUBON. C. ANETIIUM.
plant has the appearance of a species of Liguslicum. Fruit
winged, as in Peucedanum, sect. iv. but the calycine teeth are
obsolete, and the involucrum is wanting, as in the other species
of Imperatoria.
Caucasian Masterwort. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
4 I. MEXICA'NA (Hort. Chelsea). %.. H. Native of Mexico.
A broad-leaved species, received by Mr. Anderson, of the
Chelsea Botanic Garden, from Mr. Otto, of the Botanic Garden
at Berlin, in the year 1818, but it has not yet flowered. It may
prove hereafter to belong to a distinct genus.
Mexican Masterwort. Clt. 1818. PI. 3 to 4 f««t.V
Cult. Plants of easy culture ; and may be eilljlfincreased
by dividing the roots or by seed.
XCVIII. CALLI'SACE (from KU\\OC, hallos, beauty, and
crq.Kof, salcos, a buckler ; fruit). Fisch. in Hoffin. umb. ed. 2.
p. 170. exclusive of some species. D. C. prod. 4. p. 184. Koch,
in litt.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx some-
what 5-toothed or nearly obsolete. Petals oval, acuminated,
incurved. Fruit compressed on the back, winged on the mar-
gin, nearly orbicular, emarginate at the base. Mericarps with
3 blunt, dorsal, nerve-formed ribs ; the 2 lateral ribs expanded
into wings, which cover the whole surface of the fruit. Vittae
1 in each dorsal furrow, which are narrow, and 1 on each side
of the commissure at the margins. Parts of carpophore adnate
to the mericarps. Seed complanate. — A perennial herb, \\ith
the habit of Angelica or Ostericum, Sheaths "of leaves large :
upper ones leafless. Umbels pubescent, of many rays. Invo-
lucra none, or of few leaves. Umbellules dense, many-flowered.
Involucels of many setaceous leaves. Flowers white. This is
an intermediate genus between Angelica and Imperatoria.
1 C. DAHU'RICA (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 4. p. 184.).
1£. H. Native of Dahuria, near Nertschinsky-Sawod. Thys-
selinum Dahuricum, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 894. Habit of Oste-
ricum pratensis, but more branched, fnirieik and thicker in the
stem. Habit also of Angelica Razoul&^but the leaves are
more deeply serrated, the sheaths larger and inflated, and the
involucrum composed of one or two leaves.
Dahurian Callisace. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
Cult. See Imperatoria above for culture and propagation.
XCIX. BITBON (from flovfiuiv, boubon, the groin, or a tu-
mour in that part, or elsewhere, which this herb was supposed
to cure). Koch, umb. 95. D. C. prod. 4. p. 184. but not of
Spreng. — Bubon species, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. — Agasy'llis
species, Spreng. prod. — Galbanophora, Neck. elem. no. 292.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obso-
lete. Petals obovate, entire, with an acute involute point. Fruit
lenticularly compressed from the back, girded by a dilated com-
planate margin. Mericarps with 5 ribs at equal distances : the
3 intermediate ones filiform : and the 2 lateral ones lost in the
complanate margins. Vittse covering the whole seed, 4 on the
back and 2 in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed
rather convex, flattish in front.- — Quite smooth shrubs, natives
of the Cape of Good Hope, abounding in a gummy, resinous,
sweet-scentedjuice. Stems terete. Leaves biternate, glaucous,
stiffish ; leaflets toothed or pinnatifid ; petioles sheathing. Um-
bels compound, of many rays. Involucra and involucels of
many linear leaves. Flowers greenish yellow.
1 B. GA'LBANUM (Lin. spec. p. 364.) leaflets cuneated, rhom-
boid, deeply toothed at the apex : terminal ones S-lobed. Tj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on hills. Jacq. vind.
3. t. 36. Thumb, fl. cap. 253. Berg. cap. 77. Woodv. med.
hot. 34. t. 12. Sims, bot, mag. 2489. Selinum Galbanum,
Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 563. Agasy'llis Galbanum,
Spreng, prod. 22. Pluk. aim. t. 12. f. 2. Herm. par. 163.
with a figure. Dorsal vittse of fruit under a thick pericarp.
Stem with purplish bark, covered with whitish powder. This
was formerly supposed to be the plant which yielded the drug
called gum galbanum ; but it has lately been discovered to be
the produce of quite a different plant, a native of Persia, now
called Galbanum officindle.
Galbanum Bubon. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1596. Sh. 4 to 10 ft.
2 B. GUMMI'FERUM (Lin. spec. 364.) leaflets cuneated at the
base, pinnatifid : segments lanceolate, acute. f? . G. Native
of the south of Africa. Selinum»gummiferum, Spreng. in
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 564. — Comm. hort. amst. 2. p. 115. t. 58.
Like the preceding, but differs in the leaves being more finely
divided. Dorsal vittae of fruit superficial.
Gum-bearing Bubon. Fl. Jul. Clt. 1731. PI. 2 to 6 feet.
3 B. L-EVIGA'TUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 1. p. 352. ed. 2.
vol. 2. p. 146.) leaves bipinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, bluntly and
obsoletely crenated ; fruit glabrous. Jj . G. Native of the
south of Africa. Ferula laevigata, Spreng. umb. spec. p. 88.
Flowers yellow. Fruit thick, solid, witli 3 dorsal obtuse ribs
(ex Spreng.). Leaves glaucous.
Smooth Bubon. Fl. Mar. Dec. Clt. 1774. Sh. 4 to 10 ft.
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand is a good soil for
these shrubs; but they can only be propagated by seed.
C. ANE'THUM (avifiov, anethon, of Theophrastus and
Dioscorides, from avw, ano, upwards, and Ot<i>,4heo, to run ; from
the quick growth of the plant). Tourn. inst. p. 317. t. 69.
Gaertn. fr. 91. t.21. Hoflm. umb. 1. p. 117. t. 1. f. 13. Lag.
am. nat. 2. p. 91. Koch, umb. p. 91. — Anethum species, Lin.
— Pastinaca species, Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals roundish, entire, involute, with a somewhat quadrate re-
tuse point. Fruit lenticularly compressed from the back, girded
by a complanate margin. Ribs of mericarps filiform, at equal
distances : the 3 intermediate ones acutely keeled : and the 2
lateral ones more obsolete, and running into the flattened mar-
gin. t Vittse broad, solitary in the furrows, and filling them, but
twin m-the commissure. Seed rather convex, flattish in front.
— Annual, erect, glabrous herbs. Leaves decompound, with
linear-setaceous lobes. Involucra and involucels wanting.
Flowers yellow, nearly like those of Pastinaca.
1 A. SE'GETUM (Lin. mant. 219.) fruit oval, nearly destitute
of the membranous margins. Q. H. Native of France, Por-
tugal, Sardinia, Greece, Persia, &c. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 132.
D'Urv. enum. p. 33. Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 465. Meum segetum,
Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 346. Anethum graveolens, Ucria, ex
Guss, A. pusillum, Hortul. Perhaps only a variety of the
following, according to Brotero ; but it differs from it in the
mericarps being almost without a margin, and in being rather
more convex on the back, and therefoie holds an intermediate
station between Anethum and Foeniculum.
Corn-field Dill. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1796. PI. $ to 1 foot.
2 A. GRAVE' OLENS (Lin. spec. 37?.) fruit elliptic, girded by a
flat, dilated margin. $ . H. Native of the south of Europe,
Egypt, and about Astrachan, in corn-fields ; and in meadows
towards the Caspian sea, between Sallian and Lenkeran ; also of
the Cape of Good Hope and the Island of Timor ; of South
America, about Buenos Ayres. Fl. dan. 1572. Brot. fl. his. 1.
p. 464. Hayn. arz. gew. 7. t. 17. Woodv. med. bot. 159.
Plench. icon. 215. Blackw. 545. Pastinaca Anethum, Spreng.
in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 587. Anethum minus, Gouan. ill. p.
20. Selinum Anethum, Roth. fl. germ. 1. p. 143. Fcemculum
vulgare, Hook, in Beech, bot. — Riv. pent. t. 13. — Mor. umb.
t. 1. f. 22.— Fuchs. hist. p. 30. Lob. icon. 776. The com-
mon dill is a plant of upright growth, somewhat similar to fennel,
UMBELLIFER^:. C. ANETHUM. CI. CORTIA. C1I. CAPNOPHYLLUM. CIII. TIEDEMANNIA.
337
but smaller and more glaucous ; it has finely divided leaves, and
a slender single stem. The whole plant is powerfully aromatic.
The leaves are used to heighten the relish of some vegetable
pickles, particularly cucumbers ; and also occasionally in soups
and sauces. The whole herb is also used in medicinal prepar-
ations. Dill is raised from seed, of which half an ounce is
sufficient for a bed 3 feet by 4 feet. Sow annually in February,
March, or April, or occasionally in autumn, as soon as the seed
is ripe, to come up stronger in the spring, in any open compart-
ment, either in drills, 6 or 12 inches apart, or broad-cast thinly,
and raked in evenly. The plants should remain where raised,
and may be thinned moderately, should they rise too thick.
They will shoot up in stalks, with leaves and seed umbels in
summer and autumn, for use in proper season. Leave some
plants when raised for seed ; they will furnish plenty in the
autumn. The bruised herb is anodyne and resolvent. The
seeds are aromatic, and contain an etherial oil, and useful, there-
fore, in flatulencies ; the essential oil is also good in the colic.
A distilled water, drawn off to the quantity of a gallon to a
pound of seeds, was ordered in the London Pharmacopaeia,
and occasionally made the basis of carminative draughts, and
juleps ; its flavour is more agreeable than that of the seeds in
substance. Along with the water arises a considerable quantity
of essential oil, which is given from 1 to 3 or 4 drops, or more,
as a carminative. This, however, is now altogether disused.
Strong-scented or Common Dill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1573.
PL 2 feet.
3 A. SOVWA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 22.) fruit oblong, nearly
destitute of a membranous margin. Q. H. Native of the
East Indies, where it is called Sona, and where it is cultivated
for its use in medicine. Fleming, ind. med. in soc. asiat. 11.
p. 156. ex Schultes, syst. 6. p. 628. Herb very like the pre-
ceding. Rays of umbel 5-16. Fruit flat, 3-ribbed, almost
wingless.
Sona Dill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810. PL 1 foot.
f Species not sufficiently known.
4 A. CYMBOCA'RPUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 186.) fruit elliptia^pu-
berulous on the outside, when examined by a lens, with a very
narrow margin. ©. H. Native of Persia, about Seidkhodzi,
where it was. collected by Szowits'. Plant small, glabrous.
Root slender, simple. Leaves many-parted : lobes linear. Um-
bels pedunculate, opposite the leaves, 3-6-rayed, without in-
volucra. Umbellule 6-7-flowered, surrounded by an involucel.
Flowers unknown, but probably yellow, as the other species.
Fruit appearing turgid at first sight, ellipsoid, but empty inside,
from the mericarps being thin and concave. Carpophore filiform,
bipartite. Mericarps of the same structure as the other species
of the genus.
Boat-fruited Dill. PL 1 foot.
5 A. ? ERYTHR;EUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 186.) fruit elliptic,
glabrous, hardly marginate ; mericarps flattish ; involucra and
involucels of 4 or 5 leaves. Q.I H. Native of Persia, in
gravelly places, at the foot of Mount Avrin, in the district of
Khoi, in the province of Aderbeijan, where it was collected by
Szowits. Herb glabrous. Stem terete, purplish. Leaves
small, multifid, with small obtuse lobes. Umbels on long pe-
duncles, 7-12-rayed. Involucra of 5-7 leaves. UmbelJules
12-15-flowered ; involucels of 5-7 short leaves. Petals white,
ovate, acute. Mericarps sometimes flat, and sometimes rather
concave, fuscous on the outside, and purplish inside. Very like
A. segetum.
.Red-stemmed Dill. PL 1 foot.
Cult. All the species grow very well in the open border,
where the seeds should be sown.
VOL. III.
CI. CO'RTIA (in honour of Bonav. Corti, who was the
first to discover the motion of molecules in the cells of plants).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 186. — Schultzia species, Wall.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx elongated,
acute. Petals lanceolate, acuminated, entire. Stylopodium co-
nical ; styles diverging. Fruit elliptic, rather retuse at both
ends ; mericarps flattish, 5-ribbed : ribs winged : lateral ribs
the broadest ; vittae 1 in each furrow, and 2 in the commissure,
which is broad and flat. Seed flattish. — A nearly stemless herb.
Leaves ^jetjplate, pinnate ; leaflets divided into short, capillary
segments*- f^jScapes, some of them thick and stem-formed, bear-
ing an invoracrum, composed of 2-3 multifid leaves ; others are
elongated, and bearing an umbel, which is usually of few rays.
Involucels of 5-7 linear, entire, or 2-3-cleft acute leaves. This
genus differs from Schultzia in the calyx being 5-toothed, and
in the fruit being compressed from the back, not from the sides.
evidently 5-winged.
1 LINDLE'II (D. C. prod. 4. p. 187.). 0. H. Native of
Nipaul, at Gosaingsthan. Schultzia Lindleii, Wall. mss. Habit
almost of Caldasia.
Lindley'sCortia. PL 1 foot?
Cult. Sow the seeds in the open border in spring, in a warm
sheltered situation.
CII. CAPNOPHY'LLUM (from KC^VCS, kapnos, the Greek
name for fumitory,Tand <f>v\\of, phyllon, a leaf; resemblance in
"leaves to those/of fumitory). Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 32. t. 85.
Koch, umb. p. 95. no. 24. in add. — Conium species, Auct, —
Rumia, Link, but not of Gaertn.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals oblong, somewhat emarginate, tapering into an inflexed
point. Fruit lenticularly compressed, girded by a complanate,
dilated margin. Mericarps having the 3 intermediate ribs thick-
ish, keeled, rather flexuous or tubercled : the 2 lateral ribs lost
in the dilated margins. Vittse solitary in the furrows, and twin
in the commissure. "( Seed rather convex, but flat in front. —
Annual herbs, nafri\re5 of the Cape of Good Hope, with leaves
almost like those of fumitory, whence the name. Leaves hoary,
multifidly decompound, with linear, cuneated segments. Um-
bels opposite the leaves, or nearly terminal. Involucra and
involucels composed of 3-6 leaves, with membranous edges.
Flowers white.
1 C. AFRICA'NUM (Koch, 1. c.) umbels of 2-5 rays ; involucra
and involucels of 3 leaves ; central flower of each umbellule fer-
tile and nearly sessile, the rest nearly all pedicellate and sterile.
Q. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in sandy places. Co-
nium Africanum, Lin. mant. p. 352. Burch. cat. pi. afr. no.
362. Burm. pi. cap. p. 7. Thunb. fl. cap. 257. Koch, umb.
95. Rumia Capensis, Link. enum. hort. berol. 1. p. 271.
African Capnophyllum. PL 1 foot.
2 C. JACSUI'NI (D. C. prod. 4. p. 187.) umbels of 9-10 rays ;
involucrum of 5-6 leaves ; umbellules containing many fertile
flowers. 0. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Co-
nium Africanum, Jacq. hort. vind. t. 194. Cicuta Africana,
Lam. diet. 2. p. 4. C6nium rugosum, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 258.
Leaves thicker than those of the first species.
Jacquin's Capnophyllum. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1759. PL
1 foot.
Cult. Sow the seeds in a warm sheltered situation in spring.
CIII. TIEDEMA'NNIA (in honour of Professor Tiedemann,
of Heidelberg, a vegetable physiologist). D. C. coll. diss. 5.
p. 51. t. 12. prod. 4. p. 187.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed
(f. 64. a.). Petals acuminated, reflexed (Ell.) ; anthers erect,
adnate to the sides of the filaments (Ell.). Fruit flatly com-
Xx
33S
UMBELLIFER^E. CHI. TIEDEMANNIA. CIV. ARCHEMORA. CV. PASTINACA.
pressed (f. 64. c.) from the back. Mericarps with 5 filiform,
rather keeled ribs, at equal distances, approximate : lateral ribs
dilated into a membranous margin (f. 64. c.), broader than the
fruit. Vittse solitary in the furrows, and filling them, and twin
in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed flat. — Gla-
brous herbs, natives of North America, in marshes. Stems te-
rete. Leaves reduced to the petioles, which are terete, acute,
fistular, and jointed, without any leaflets. Involucra and invo-
lucels of 4-5 subulate leaves. Flowers white. — Habit of Stum,
(Endnthe, and Ottba, but the fruit is that of dnethum, and the
anthers are very different from those of all other umbelliferous
plants.
1 T. TERETIFO'LIA (D. C. FIG. 64.
prod. 4. p. 187.). O? H. Na-
tive of Carolina. CEnanthe filifor-
mis, Walt. car. p. 113. but not
of Lam. CEnanthe Caroliniensis,
Pers. ench. 1. p. 318. Pursh,
fL.bor. amer. 1. p. 194. Slum
teretifolium, Ell. sketch. 1. p.
354. (fig. 64.)
Terete-leaved Tiedemannia.
PI. 1 foot.
Cult. Sow the seeds of this
plant in a pot filled with peat,
and place a pan of water under
it.
CIV. ARCHEMO'RA (from Archemorus, in mythology,
son of Lycurgus, slain by an adder ; in reference to the poison-
ous quality of the plants). D. C. coll. diss. 5. p. 52. prod. 4.
p. 188.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals obcordate, with an inflexed point. Fruit compressed
from the back, flat, oval, or obovate. Mericarps with 5 filiform,
rather keeled ribs at equal distances, approximate ; lateral ones
dilated into a membranous margin, which is almost broader than
the seeds. Vittse solitary in the furrows, and filling them ; but
twin in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed flat. —
Marsh herbs, natives of North America. Leaves pinnate. In-
volucrum wanting, or of few leaves ; involucels of many leaves.
Flowers white. Habitof (Endntheor Slum. Fruit of Pastinaca.
1 A. AMBI'GUA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 188.) stem smooth ; leaves
pinnate : with 3-5 pairs of linear, sessile, undivided, acute
leaves ; involucrum wanting : involucels of 3-5 subulate leaves ;
fruit oval. I/ . B. H. Native of New Jersey, and about Phi-
ladelphia, in marshes. CEnanthe ambigua, Nutt. gen. amer. 1.
p. 189. Pastinaca ambigua, Torr. fl. un. st. 1. p. 315. Sium
longifolium, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 194. Habit almost of
(Endnthe peucedanifolia, ex Nutt Hardly distinct from the
following. This is a truly poisonous herb.
Ambiguous Archemora. PI. 6 to 10 feet.
2 A. RI'GIDA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 188.) stem striated; leaves
pinnate ; leaflets sessile, oblong-lanceolate, marginate, almost
entire ; involucrum wanting ; involucels of 6-8 subulate leaves ;
fruit oval. 1£. B...H. Native of New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
Maryland, and Carolina, in bogs and marshes. Slum rigidus,
Lin. spec. p. 362. Sison marginatum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1.
p. 168. CEnanthe rigida, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 189. Pasti-
naca rigida, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 586. Torr. fl. un.
st. 1. p. 314. This plant is very poisonous, according to Bar-
ton, comp. fl. phil. 1. p. 142.
Stiff Archemora. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774. PL 2 to 3 ft.
3 A. TRICUSPIDA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 188.) leaves pinnate;
lower leaflets lanceolate : upper ones obovate, tridentate ; in-
volucrum caducous. 11. B. H. Native of Carolina, in humid
places. Slum tricuspidatum, Ell. sketch. 1. p. 354. Slum
rigidius, Walt. car. 114. According to Elliot, this is very like
the preceding species.
Tricuspidate-\enQetteA Archemora. PI. 2 feet ?
4 A. DENTICULA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 188.) leaves pinnate ;
with usually 3 pairs of oval, denticulated, acute leaflets ; invo-
lucra of 2 leaves, rarely wanting. Tf.. B. H. Native of
Georgia, in humid places, and *long the sides of water. Stem
3-4 feet high.
Denticulated-]eaved. Archemora. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
Cult. The species of Archemora grow best in peat earth,
in a moist situation ; and they will be easily increased by divid-
ing at the root.
CV. PASTINA'CA (from pastinum, a dibble ; in reference
to the form of the root). Tourn. inst. 319. t. 170. Lin. gen.
no. 362. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 92. Kunth, umb. p. 90. f. 26
and 27. D. C. prod. 4. p. 188. — Pastinaca and Malabaila,
Hoffm. umb. p. 122 and 125. — Pastinaca species, Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete,
or minutely denticulated. Petals roundish, entire,, involute :
with a broad, retuse point. Fruit compressed from the back,
girded by a dilated, complanate margin. Ribs of mericarps very
slender : the 3 dorsal ones at equal distances : and the 2 lateral
ones contiguous to the dilated margin. Vittae linear, acute,
hardly shorter than the ribs, solitary in the furrows, but twin or
more in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed flat. —
Herbs with fusiform, usually fleshy roots. Leaves pinnate ;
leaflets toothed, cut, or lobed. Umbels compound. Involucra
and involucels none, or of very few leaves. Flowers yellow.
1 P. SATI'VA (Lin. spec. 376.) stem furrowed ; leaves pin-
nate, downy beneath ; leaflets ovate, serrated, and cut : the ter-
minal one 3-lobed ; involucra and involucels generally wanting,
but there is occasionally a solitary leaf under the general as well
as partial umbels ; teeth of calyx obsolete ; fruit oval ; commis-
sure of fruit furnished with 2 vittse. $ . H. Native of Eu-
rope, even to Caucasus, in meadows. In Britain, about the
borders of fields, on hillocks and dry banks in a chalky soil.
North America, on the banks of the Saskatchawan and Red
river. South America, about Buenos Ayres. Hoffm. umb.
123. t. 1. f. 11. Hayn. arz. gew. 7. t. 16. Smith, engl. bot.
t. 556. Mart. fl. rust. 83. Lam. ill. t. 206. Selinum Pasti-
naca, Crantz, aust. 161. Anethum Pastinaca, Wib. werth. p.
911. P. opaca, Horn. hort. hafn. add. p. 961. P. sylvestris,
Huds. 125. P. sylvestris, latifolia, Raii, syn. 206. Mor. oxon.
3. p. 314. sect. 9. t. 16. f. 2. Pastinaca, Trag. hist. 439. f. 440.
Riv. pent. irr. t. 6. Siser sylvestre, Fuchs, hist. 753. with a
figure. Root spindle-shaped, white, aromatic, mucilaginous,
and sweet, with a degree of acrimony, which it loses by culti-
vation, becoming var. ft, the eatable garden parsnip. Flowers
yellow : the innermost ones of the umbel frequently abortive.
The leaves are sometimes downy on both surfaces.
Var. /3, cdiilis (D. C. prod. 4. p^ 189.) leaves glabrous on
both surfaces, shining above ; root thick, fleshy. $ . H. P.
domestica, Math, valgr. 2. p. 106. with a figure. Lob. icon.
709. Blackw. 379. Cam. epit. 507. with a figure. P. sativa,
Mill. diet. no. 2.
The garden parsnip, is called Panais, in French, Pastinake
in German, and Pastinaca in Italian. It has smooth leaves, of
a light yellowish green colour, in which it differs from the wild
plant, the leaves of which are downy and dark green ; the roots
also are thick and fleshy, and have a milder taste ; it does not
differ so much from the native plant, as the cultivated does from
the native carrot.
Use. — The parsnip has long been an inmate of the garden,
and was formerly much used. In Catholic times it was a famous
UMBELLIFERjE. CV. PASTINACA.
339
Lent root, being eaten with salted fish. " In the north of Scot-
land," Mr. Neill observes, " parsnips are often beat up with po-
tatoes and a little butter; of this excellent mess the children of
the peasantry are very fond, and they do not fail to thrive upon
it. In the north of Ireland a pleasant table beverage is pre-
pared from the roots, brewed along with hops. Parsnip wine is
also made in some places ; and they afford an excellent ardent
spirit when distilled after a similar preparatory process to that
bestowed on potatoes, destined for that purpose." The following
are the varieties : —
1 Common parsnip, large swelling parsnip, swelling parsnip.
— The leaves are long ; roots generally from 20-30 inches long,
and from 3-4 in diameter.
2 Guernsey parsnip, Jersey parsnip, panais long of the French,
panais coqune of Guernsey. — The leaves are somewhat stronger
and taller than those of the common sort. The roots are also
larger and more perfect, about 3 or 4 feet long.
3 Hollow-crowned parsnip, hollow-headed parsnip, panais
Lisbonaise of Guernsey. — In this variety the leaves are shorter
and not so numerous as in the common parsnip ; the roots are
oblong, about 1 8 inches long, more swollen at the top, and not
tapering gradually, but ending rather abruptly, about 4 inches
in diameter at the shoulder.
4 Turnip-rooted parsnip, panais rond, Siam parsnip. — The
leaves of this sort are few, and do not exceed 12 or 13 inches ;
the roots are from 4-6 inches in diameter, funnel-shaped, taper-
ing very abruptly, with a strong tap-root, the whole being from
12-15 inches long. The shoulder is broad, and grows above
the surface of the soil. The flavour of this parsnip is superior,
and when dressed is of a yellower colour than the other varieties.
Soil. — The soil most proper for the parsnip should be light,
free from stones, and deep. It should be dug or trenched
before sowing, at least 2 spits deep ; and the manure should
either be perfectly decomposed, or if recent, deposited at the
bottom of the trench.
Seed estimate and sowing. — Sow in the end of February, or
in March, but not later than April, and for a seed-bed 5 feet by
20, the plants to remain thinned to 8 inches' distance, half an
ounce of seed is the usual proportion. Having prepared either
beds 4 or 5 feet wide, or one continued plot, sow broadcast,
moderately thin, and rake the seed well into the ground.
Culture. — When the plants are about 1-2 or 3 inches high,
in May or June, let them be thinned and cleared from weeds,
either by hand or by small hoeing, thinning them from 8 to 12
inches' distance. Keep them afterwards clean from weeds, till
the leaves cover the ground, after which no further culture will
be required. The roots will be pretty large by the end of Sep-
tember, from which time a few may be drawn for present use :
but the parsnip is far best at full maturity, about the close of
October, indicated by the decay of the leaf. The root will re-
main good for use till April and May following.
Preserving during winter. — The parsnip is not so liable as the
carrot to be hurt by frost if left in the ground. But it would
be proper in the beginning of November, when the leaves decay,
to dig up a portion of the roots, and to cut the tops off close,
laying them in sand, under cover, ready for use in hard frosty
weather. The rest will keep good in the ground till they begin
to shoot in the spring : then in February or March dig them up ;
cut the tops off; and, preserved in sand, the roots will remain
sound till about the end of April.
To save seed. — Transplant some of the best roots in February,
2 feet asunder, inserted over the crowns ; they will shoot up in
strong stalks, and produce large umbels of seeds, ripening in
autumn.
Field culture of the parsnip. — The parsnip has been partially
introduced of late years as a field plant, and is nearly equal to
the carrot in its product of nutritive and saccharine matter.
Its culture as a field plant has chiefly been confined to the island
of Jersey, where it attains a large size, and is much esteemed
for fattening cattle and pigs. It is considered rather more
hardy than the carrot, and its produce is said to be greater. It
may be sown either in autumn or spring, and its seeds admit
of drilling by machinery. The plants, when they come up, are
more easily recognised than carrots, and therefore their culture
is on the whole more simple, less dependent on manual labour,
and therefore more suited to farming. For the rest their cul-
ture is the same as that of the carrot. The variety best suited
for the field is the Large Jersey, the seed of which should be
procured from the island, as that of the garden parsnip sold by
seedsmen never attains the same size. The quantity of seed
required for sowing in drills is from 4 to 5 Ibs. per acre, and
for broad-cast 6 or 8 Ibs. It must always be new, as two year
old seed does not come up freely. It may or may not be
prepared by steeping, but it requires no earth or sand intermixed
with it, as it passes freely through the same drill that will sow
tares or pease. The time of sowing is generally about the
middle of February ; but some sow in September, in which case
the seed does not vegetate till early in spring. This last method
is obviously against the culture of the soil, which must thus
remain a year in a consolidated state. The manner of sowing
is generally in drills 15 or 18 inches distant; but some sow
broad-cast and harrow in the seed ; and in Jersey, parsnips and
beans are generally cultivated together. The beans are first
dibbled in, and afterwards the parsnip seed scattered over the
surface and harrowed. It is acknowledged that a good crop of
both plants is never obtained ; and therefore, though this mode
may be found to answer in the mild climate of Jersey, it is not
to be imitated in other places. Drills or broadcast, without any
intermixture of plants, are the only adviseable modes. The
after culture of the parsnip is the same as that for the carrot,
with this difference, that the parsnip, when sown broad-cast, is
generally thinned out to 12 inches at an average, plant from
plant, and when in rows 18 inches apart, to 9 inches in the row.
The produce of the parsnip is said to be greater than that of
the carrot, and the economical application the same. In the fat-
tening of cattle it is found equal if not superior, performing
the business with as much expedition, and affording meat of
exquisite flavour, and a highly juicy quality. The animals eat
it with much greediness. It is reckoned that thirty perches,
where the crop is good, will be sufficient to fatten an ox 3 or
4 years old, when perfectly lean, in the course of 3 months.
They are given in the proportion of about 30 pounds weight
morning, noon, and night ; the large ones being split in 3 or 4
pieces, and a little hay supplied in the intervals of those periods.
And when given to milch cows with a little hay in the winter
season, the butter is found to be of as fine a colour and as
excellent a flavour as when feeding in the best pastures. In-
deed, the result of experiment has shown that not only in neat
cattle, but in the fattening of hogs and poultry, the animals
become fat much sooner, and are more bulky than when fed
with any other root or vegetable ; and that, besides, the meat
is more sweet and delicious. The parsnip leaves being more
bulky than those of carrots may be mown off before taking up
the roots, and given to cows, oxen, or horses, by whom they
will be greedily eaten. Their produce in nutritive matter is
99 parts in 1000, of which 9 are mucilage and 90 sugar. Ge-
rarde says, that a very good bread was made from them in his
time. They afford as much spirit as the carrot. The parsnip
being more hardy and luxuriant than the carrot, is less liable
to the mildew and worms ; but equally so to become forked if
the soil be not deep and well pulverised, and if the manure be
not minutely divided and equally distributed.
x x 2
340
UMBELLIFERjE. CV. PASTINACA. CVI. LEIOTULUS. CVII. ASTYDAMIA.
Cultivated or Garden Parsnip. Fl. Jul. Brit. PI. 3 to 4 ft.
2 P. LATIFO'LIA (D. C. mem. soc. vol. 4. prod. 4. p. 189.)
stem terete, striated, pubescent, as well as the petioles and leaves
on the under surface ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets of the lower
leaves large, and dilated at the base, and rather cut ; of the
cauline leaves ovate ; involucra and involucels wanting ; teeth
of calyx obsolete ; fruit oval : having the commissure furnished
with 2 vittae. If. . H. Native of Corsica, where it was gathered
by Soleirol. It differs from P. sativa in the stem being terete,
not furrowed ; and from P. divaricata in the fruit being oval, not
orbicular, in the commissure being furnished with 2 vittee, not
with 4-6 ; and from the other species in the leaflets of the radical
leaves being large.
Var. a, velullna(D. C. prod. 4. p. 189.) leaves clothed with
velvety pubescence on both surfaces. If. . H. Native of Cor-
sica, at St. Florent. P. Kochii, var. latifolia, Duby, in D. C.
bot. gall. 1. p. 220.
Var. fi, glabrata(D. C. prod. 4. p. 189.) leaves glabrous
above, hardly pubescent beneath. I/ . H. Native country
unknown, but cultivated in the botanic garden at Geneva.
Broad-leaved Parsnip. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1830. Sh. 3 to 4 ft.
3 P. DIVARICA'TA (Desf. cat. hort. par. 1815. p. 139.) stem
terete, striated; leaves pinnate, clothed with short pubescence
on both surfaces ; radical leaves with 9-11 leaflets: cauline ones
with 3-5 ; leaflets ovate, cuneated at the base, or cordate, undi-
vided, sharply serrated : teeth mucronate ; terminal leaflet larger
and somewhat 3-lobed ; involucra and involucels wanting ; fruit
nearly orbicular. %. H. Native of Corsica, at Bastia. P.
graveolens, Salzm. exsic. Koch, umb. 91. but not of Bieb.
P. sativa, Thorn, exsic. P. velutma, Koch, in litt. P. Kochii,
var. Duby, in bot. gall. 1. p. 230. Vittae 4-6 in the commis-
sure, usually interrupted, 2 of which are generally larger than
the rest.
Divaricate Parsnip. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
4 P. LU'CIDA (Lin. mant. 58.) stem furrowed, much branched;
leaves glabrous, stiff, crenated, reticulated beneath : radical ones
cordate, usually lobed ; cauline leaves ternate or quinate ; leaf-
lets attenuated at the base : upper ones ovate-rhomboid ; umbels
numerous, rather panicled ; involucra of 1 leaf ; fruit orbicu-
lar. $. H. Native of Balearic Islands. Gouan. ill. 19. t.
11, 12. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 199. Root thick, milky. Stem
when cut yielding a whitish, fetid, rue-like, tenaceous gum.
Flowers yellow.
Shining Parsnip. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1771. PI. 3 to 4 ft.
5 P. UMBROSA (Stev. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 189.) stem
furrowed, angular ; leaves pinnate, pubescent on the nerves and
petioles ; leaflets oval-oblong, serrate-toothed : terminal leaflet
somewhat 3-lobed ; umbels numerous, rather panicled ; invo-
lucels dimidiate ; fruit oval. Tf..H. Native of Tauria. This
species was formerly confused with P. graveolens, but is truly
distinct from it.
Shady Parsnip. PL 2 to 3 feet.
6 P. STENOCA'RPA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 189.) stem striated, gla-
brous ; leaves smoothish, pinnate ; leaflets decurrent, oblong-
linear, cut, and toothed : involucra wanting ; involucels of few
leaves ; fruit oblong. — Native of Siberia. Umbels and umbel-
lules of many rays. Fruit 3 lines long and a line broad, quite
glabrous ; lateral ribs not expanded into wings, but all filiform,
as well as the vittae. Vittae twin in the commissure, solitary
in the dorsal furrows, and often wanting in the lateral furrows.
Narrow-fruited Parsnip. PL 2 to 3 feet ?
7 P. GRAVE'OLENS (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 237.) stem furrowed ;
leaves pinnate, hoary from short down ; leaflets ovate, lobed,
and toothed ; involucels dimidiate ; fruit oval. I/ . H. Native
of Caucasus, at Sarepta, and of Tauria and Podolia. Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 584. Malabaila graveolens, Hoffm. umb. p. 126.
and 209. t. 1. B. f. 6. Heracleum graveolens, Spreng. umb.
tent. 1. p. 12.
Strong-scented Parsnip. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1817. PL 2 ft.
8 P. SE'KAKUL (Russ. besch. alep. p. 157.) stem terete,
downy, branched ; leaves jpinnate, puberulous ; leaflets pinna-
tifid, cut, bluntly and unequally toothed ; peduncles villous ;
involucra none ; involucels of 1-2 leaves; fruit ovate-orbicular.
$ . H. Native of Syria, about Aleppo ; and of Egypt, near
Alexandria. Heracleum pumilum, Viv. in litt. Tordylium
suaveolens, Delille, ill. fl. aegypt. no. 323. Pastinaca dissecta,
Vent. eels. t. 78. Secacul, Rauw. reis. 1. p. 746. ex Vent. J.
Bauh. hist. 3. p. 66. with a figure. — Moris, oxon. sect. 9. t. 4.
ultimate figure, and therefore Tordylium Sekakul, Mill. diet. no.
5. Root grey on the outside and white inside, edible. Accord-
ing to Olivier this species of parsnip is cultivated in the Levant
under the name of Sekakul.
Sekakul Parsnip. PL 1 to 2 feet.
9 P. PIMPINELI.OI'DES (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 237. suppl. 247.)
stem angular, branched ; leaves pinnate, pubescent ; leaflets
rather trifid, cut : segments cuneated, deeply serrated : lower
ones reflexed : upper ones linear-lanceolate ; involucra of 1-3
leaves ; involucels of 4-5 leaves, dimidiate, deciduous ; fruit
orbicular. $ . H. Native of Caucasus and Iberia, in grassy
places; and of Persia, near Seidkhodzi, in sandy places. Buxb.
cent. 3. t. 27. Mill. fig. t. 26(5. MalabaJla pimpinellifolia,
Hoffm. umb. 126. and 209. t. 1. f. 6. a. b. . Heracleum pimpi-
nellifolium, Spreng. tent. 12.
Pimpinella-like Parsnip. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. 2 ft.
10 P. OBTUSIFO'LIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 190.) plant glabrous ;
stem terete, a little branched ; leaves pinnate and ternate ; leaf-
lets pinnatifid, thick : lobes obovate, obtuse, quite entire ; invo-
lucra of a few very short leaves ; fruit obovate. y.. H. Na-
tive of Spain, and on the shore of the Euxine sea. Peucedanum
obtusifolium, Sibth. and Smith, fl. graec. t. 277. prod. 1. p. 189.
and in Rees' cycl. no. 10. Petals cream-coloured. Fruit with
rather tumid margins. Nearly allied to P. pimpinelli/blia.
Obtuse-leaved Parsnip. PL 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. The species are only to be increased by seed, which
should be sown in spring in the open ground.
CVI. LEIO'TULUS (from \cios, leios, smooth, and ovt orroc,
ous otos, an ear ; in allusion to the smooth dilated margin of the
fruit). Ehrenb. in Linnaea. 1829. p. 399. D. C. prod. 4. p. 669.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx obsolete.
Petals roundish, entire, involute, with a broad retuse segment.
Fruit flatly compressed, having a smooth thickened dilated mar-
gin : and 3 intermediate approximate ribs, and 2 very remote
lateral ones ; vittas filiform, solitary in the furrows, and distant
in the commissure. — Herb a span high. Leaves bipinnatifid.
Involucrum wanting. Involucels of a few very fine entire
leaves, but often wanting altogether. Flowers yellow.
1 L. ALEXANDRI'NUS (Ehrenb. 1. c.) — Native of Egypt, near
Alexandria, on hills towards Rosetta.
Alexandrian Leiotulus. PL -| to -| foot.
Cult. Sow the seeds in a warm sheltered situation in the
open ground.
CVII. ASTYDA'MIA (a mythological name, daughter of
Oceanus ; the plant grows on the borders of the ocean, in the
Canary Islands). D. C. coll. diss. 5. p. 53. t. 1. f. D. prod. 4.
p. 190.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 6-toothed.
Petals obovate, entire, with an inflexed acumen. Stylopodium
thick ; styles very short. Fruit compressed from the back,
girded by a thick, dilated margin ; mericarps rather spongy,
furnished with 3 crested, approximate, short ribs on the back :
UMBELLIFER.E. CVII. ASTYDAMIA. CVIII. SYMPHYOLOMA. CIX. HERACLEUM.
341
the 2 lateral ribs lost in the margin. Dorsal vittae very few,
and the commissural ones are either wanting or covered. Seed
unknown. — A smooth, fleshy subshrub. Leaves pinnate ; leaf-
lets cuneated,deeply toothed at the apex : ultimate ones confluent.
Umbels compound. Involucra and involucels of many leaves.
Flowers yellow. It differs from Crithmum and Bupleurum in the
fruit being compressed from the back, and in the calyx being 5~
toothed ; and from Heracleum in the vittae not being club-
shaped, and in the petals being entire ; and from Laserpitium
in the ribs being hardly elevated, and in the petals being entire ;
and from Pastinaca, to which it is most nearly allied, in the fruit
being rather fungous and a little crested, with the margins hardly
flattened.
1 A. CANAKIE'NSE (D. C. prod. 4. p. 190.). Tj. G. Native
of Teneriffe, on rocks by the sea-side. Crithmum latif olium,
Lin. fil. suppl. p. 180. Tenoria Canariensis, Spreng. umb. spec.
p. 20. t. 6. f. 13. and in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 377. exclusive of
the synonyme of Cav. Laserpitium crithmifolium, Link, in
Buch. can. p. 151. Heracleum Canariense, Choisy, in herb.
D. C. Root thick. Stem terete, sparingly branched, a foot
high. Leaves rather glaucous ; petioles sheathing. Upper
leaves reduced almost to the petioles. Umbels 1 5-rayed ; um-
bellules 10-12-rayed. Involucra of 5-7 oblong, rather concave
leaves.
Canary-island Astydamia. Fl. Jul. Clt. 1780. Sh. lift.
Cult. This plant will require the same treatment as is re-
commended for Crilhmum, p. 321.; but it will require shelter
in winter.
CVIII. SYMPHYOLOMA (from av^vu, symphuo, to glue
together, and Awyua, loma, a fringe ; the margins of the mericarps
are closely joined together). Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 127.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals equal, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Stylopodium
without a margin. Styles reflexed. Fruit elliptic, compressed
from the back, flat, with rounded margins ; mericarps closely
joined together at the margins ; with 5 filiform ribs : the 3 dor-
sal ones at equal distances : and the lateral ones more remote
and almost marginating. Vittae wanting or obsolete. Seed
complanate. Carpophore wanting. — A humble herb. Leaves
with 3-5, nearly orbicular leaflets. Involucra none. Petals
red. Fruit very singular in its structure, by the mericarps
being closely joined at the margins.
1 S. GRAVE'OLENS (Meyer, 1. c.). 7£.? H. Native of the
Alps of Tafandagh, in Eastern Caucasus, among fragments of
schist.
Strong- scented Symphyoloma. PL humble.
Cult. See Pastinaca above for culture and propagation.
CIX. HERACLE'UM (Heracles, Hercules; sacred to
him). Lin. gen. p. 345. Lam. ill. t. 200. Lag. am. nat. 2.
p. 92. Koch, umb. 89. — Heracleum, Spondylium, and Wendia,
Hoffm. — Spondylium, Tourn. inst. p. 319. t. 170. — Heracleum
species, Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals
obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point : outer ones usually
radiating and bifid. Fruit flatly compressed from the back,
girded by a flat, dilated margin. Mericarps with slender ribs :
the 3 dorsal ones at equal distances : and the 2 lateral ones re-
mote from the others, contiguous to the dilated margin. Vittse
solitary in the furrows, and usually twin in the commissure, all
flat : dorsal ones 4. — Strong, coarse, robust herbs, with broad,
pinnate, ternate, or lobed leaves ; petioles large and sheathing.
Umbels of many rays. Involucra caducous, usually of few
leaves ; involucels of many leaves. The species are extremely
intricate, and difficult to define.
SECT. I. TETRAT^NIUM (from rcrpa, tetra, four, and raivia,
tainia, vitta ; in reference to the commissure being furnished
with 4 vittae). D. C. prod. 4. p. 191. Commissure furnished
with 4 vittae. Flowers not radiating, cream-coloured.
1 H. NEPALE'NSIS (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 185.) stem fur-
rowed, rather hairy ; lower leaves having the petioles twice
trifid, biternate : with tripartite leaflets ; upper leaves ternate :
with rather 3-lobed leaflets ; leaflets all ovate, acute, and equally
serrated, rather hairy above, and pubescent along the nerves
beneath ; fruit elliptic ; commissure furnished with 4 vittae.
l/.H. Native of Nipaul. Flowers equal, yellowish. Knees
of stems bearded with white wool.
Nipaul Cow-parsnip. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
2 H. OBTUSIFOLIUM (Wall. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 191.)
stem striated, pubescent ; leaves ternate or 3-lobed, roundish-
cordate ; leaflets or lobes obtuse, with a few coarse teeth, rather
hairy above, and beset with whitish pubescence beneath ; umbels
of many rays ; fruit obovate ; commissure furnished with 4
vittae. 11 . H. Native of Nipaul. Dorsal vittae linear. Flowers
not radiating, cream-coloured.
Obtuse-leaved Cow-parsnip. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
3 H. RI'GENS (Wall. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 191.) stem
striated, pubescent ; leaves ternate, with the petioles rather hairy ;
leaflets petiolate, orbicular, rather cordate at the base, toothed,
scabrous from hairs above, pubescent beneath ; upper leaves
bluntly trifid ; fruit obovate-elliptic ; commissure furnished
with 4 vittae. If.. H. Native of the East Indies. Conium
rigens, Heyne, ex Wall. Leaves of involucels lanceolate, stri-
ated, puberulous on the outside. Flowers not radiating, cream-
coloured. Dorsal vittae of fruit linear.
Stiff Cow-parsnip. PL 2 to 4 feet?
SECT. II. EUHERACLE'CM (from eu, well, and Heracleum ; this
section contains what are considered the true species of the
genus). D. C. prod. 4. p. 191. — Heracleum, HofFm. umb. p.
141. D. C. prod. 4. p. 191. Commissure of fruit furnished
with 2 vittae. Umbels equal or radiating. Petals greenish-
yellow.
4 H. FLAVE'SCENS (Baumg. fl. trans. 1. p. 214.) leaves pin-
nate, rough from hairs ; leaflets ovate or oblong ; flowers yel-
lowish, not radiating ; commissure furnished with 2 vittae. If. .
H. Native from Dauphiny to Siberia, in the grassy parts of
mountains. Jacq. aust. 2. t. 173.
Far. a, latif olium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 191.) leaflets lobed or
palmately-parted, unequally crenate-serrated ; flowers uniform,
not radiating ; fruit orbicularly oval, glabrous, emarginate at
the apex. T£. H. Native of Tauria, Caucasus, Siberia, Da-
huria, and many other parts of Russia, in rather humid mea-
dows. H. Sibiricum, Lin. mant. 354. Bieb. fl. taur. and
suppl.no. 558. Hoffm. umb. 143. t. 1. B. f. 1. Schult. syst.
6. p. 475. H. Austrlacum, Pall. ind. taur. Spondylium con-
forme, Moench, meth. p. 83. — Gmel. sib. 1. t. 50. From this
plant a spirit is drawn at Kamtschatka, called raka, as related in
Cook's voy. 3. p. 337. where the process of making the spirit
is described. It is used also as food.
Var. ft, angustifolium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 191.) leaflets oblong,
lanceolate, or linear, sinuately toothed, ultimate ones confluent,.
If. . H. Native of Dauphiny, Vallais, Austria, Russia, &c. in
waste, grassy fields. H. angustifolium, Lin. mant. 56. Jacq.
fl. aust. t. 173. H. Sibiricum of Lin. has been raised from the
seeds of H. angustifolium.
Yellowish Cow-parsnip. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1789. PL 4 to 6 ft.
5 H. ORSI'NI (Guss. pi. rar. p. 133. t. 27.) stem furrowed,
muricated, almost simple ; leaves simple, cordate, glabrous on
both surfaces, rather coriaceous, obscurely lobed, and tripartite,
342
UMBELLIFER^l. CIX. HERACLEUM.
crenate-serrated ; lobes acuminated ; flowers rather radiating ;
involucra almost wanting ; leaves of involucels linear ; fruit
obovate. I/ . H. Native of Abruzzo, in gravelly parts of
mountains. Habit of H. alpinum, but the flowers are greenish.
Commissure of fruit furnished with 2 vittae.
Orsin's Cow-parsnip. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
6 H. AU'REUM (Sibth. and Smith, fl. grsec. t. 282. prod. 1.
p. 192.) stem much branched; leaves pinnate ; leaflets lobed,
cut, pubescent : of the radical ones roundish ; umbels usually of
3 rays ; flowers radiating ; fruit orbicular ; involucra and invo-
lucels almost wanting ; vittae semi-circular. $ . H. Native
on Mount Parnassus. Habit of Pastinaca satlva ; but the petals
are obcordate, with an inflexed mucrone. Flowers golden yel-
low. Vittae linear.
GoWen-flowered Cow-parsnip. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
SECT. III. SPONDY'LIUM (airov$\>\os, spondylos, vertebra ; re-
semblance in the articulations of the stem). Hoflfm. umb. p. 129.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 192. Commissure of fruit furnished with 2
vittse. Umbels of many rays, radiating. Petals white.
7 H. LONGIBOLIUM (Jacq. aust. t. 174.) leaves scabrous, pin-
nate, or pinnatifid from the coalition of the leaflets ; leaflets or
lobes elongated, deeply crenated ; leaves of involucels linear-
setaceous ; fruit glabrous, cuneiform. It- H. Native of Aus-
tria, in alpine meadows. Host. fl. austr. 1. p. 374. An inter-
mediate species between H.Jlavescens and Spondylium. Petals
at first green, but at length becoming white, obcordate : outer
ones radiating a little. Fruit larger and much more cuneated
than in the above-mentioned species.
Long-leaved Cow-parsnip. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1800. PI. 6 ft.
8 H. PALMATI'LOBUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 192.) upper cauline
leaves 5-parted from the top of the sheath, or 3-parted ; outer
lobes bipartite, all elongated, coarsely toothed, glabrous above,
but roughish beneath ; leaves of involucels linear-setaceous ;
fruit glabrous in all states, obovate. I/ . H. Native country
unknown. Flowers white, radiating a little. It differs from
H, Spondylium in the leaves being palmate-parted, not pinnate-
parted, less rough, and in the fruit being more obovate. Pro-
bably //. elegans of many authors is the same as this species.
Palmate-lobed-\ea\e<\ Cow-parsnip. PI. 4 to 5 feet.
9 H. SPONDY'LIUM (Lin. spec. 1. p. 358.) leaves ternate, pin-
nate, or pinnatifid from the coalition of the leaflets, scabrous ;
leaflets pinnatifid, cut, and serrated ; leaves of involucels lan-
ceolate, membranous, finely fringed, with long taper points ; fruit
orbicular, glabrous. $ . H. Native of Europe, and probably
of Siberia, in hedges, the borders of fields, and rather moist
meadows, very common ; plentiful in some parts of Britain.
Smith, engl. bot. t. 939. Hayn. arz. gew. 7. t. 10. H. pro-
teiforme, Crantz, aust. 3. p. 11. H. branca ursina, All. pedem.
no. 1291. Spondylium Raii, syn. 205. Ger. emac. 1009. with
a figure. Camer. epit. 548. with a figure. Riv. pent. irr. t. 4.
and of many other old authors. Spondylium brinca, Scop,
earn. no. 335. Spondylium br&nca ursina, Hoflfm. umb. 132.
t. 1. f. 11. — Acanthus Germanica, Fuchs, hist. 53. with a figure.
Cow-parsnip. Petiv. herb. brit. t. 24. f. 1. Root taper-shaped,
whitish, aromatic, sweetish, and rather mucilaginous. Stem
rough, with white hairs. Flowers more or less radiant, white
or reddish. The whole plant is wholesome and nourishing food
for cattle ; and is gathered in Sussex for fattening hogs, being
known by the name of hog-meed. The seeds are strong-scented,
and are accounted diuretic and stomachic. Linnaeus says the
plant is used in Scania against dysentery. Gmelin says that
the inhabitants of Kamtschatka, about the beginning of July,
collect the footstalks of the radical leaves, and after peeling off
the rind (which is very acrid) dry them separately in the sun, and
then tying them in bundles, lay them up carefully in the shade
in bags ; in this state they are covered with a yellow saccharine
efflorescence, tasting like liquorice ; this being shaken off is
eaten as a great delicacy. The Russians distil an ardent spirit
from the stalks thus prepared, by first fermenting them in water,
with the greater bilberries (Vaccmmm uliginosum), which Gme-
lin says is more agreeable to the taste than spirits made from
corn.
Var. ft, anguslifblium (Smith, fl. brit. 307.) leaves deeply
pinnatifid ; the 2 lowest lobes elongated, and spreading in a
radiating manner. $ . H. Native of Yorkshire. Mr. Wood-
ward has found this variety growing on the same root with the
common kind.
Var. y, elegans (Jacq. austr. t. 175.) leaflets decussate, nar-
row, toothed. $ . H. Native of Austria, Piedmont, &c.
Var. S, lacinidlum (Desf. hort. par. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 192.)
leaflets cuneated, ovate, coarsely and deeply serrated. $ . H.
Native country unknown.
Var. t, subcanescens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 192.) leaves canescent
beneath. $ . H. Native of France. This variety differs
from H. Pyrenaica in the ovaries being glabrous.
Spondylium or Common Cow-parsnip. Fl. Jul. Brit. PI. 4 ft.
10 H. CA'SPICUM (Hortul. ex B.C. prod. 4. p. 192.) leaves
pinnate, scabrous ; leaflets elongated, cut, and toothed, acumin-
ated ; leaves of involucrum linear, broadest at the base ; leaves
of involucels setaceous, ciliated on both sides with long villi ;
fruit obovate, glabrous in all stages. If. . H. Native about the
Caspian sea. This species is sufficiently distinct from any of the
varieties of H. Spondylium.
Caspian Cow-parsnip. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. ? PI. 4 feet.
11 H. CA'NDICANS (Wall. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 192.)
leaves ternate, clothed with hoary tomentum beneath, as well as
on the stems and petioles, but smoothish above ; leaflets petiolu-
late, cuneated at the base, trifid or pinnatifid : lobes irregularly
toothed ; leaves of involucels linear, acuminated, about equal in
length to the rays ; fruit obovate-oblong ; vittse linear. T£ . H.
Native of the north of India, at Deyradoon and Kamaon.
Whitened Cow-parsnip. PI. 4 to 5 feet.
12 H. LANA'TUM (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 166.) leaves
ternate, petiolate, tomentose beneath : upper ones 3-lobed ;
leaflets petiolate, broad-ovate, roundish-cordate, lobed ; leaves
of involucels small, subulate ; fruit broadly obcordate, oval.
I/ . H. Native of Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Canada, as far
as the Mackenzie river ; moist banks of streams in north-west
America, in humid pastures. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 181.
Begel. fl. bot. p. 67. Torr. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 313. H. Spon-
dylium, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnrcn. 1. p. 39. Petals said to
be oblong. The plant is said to be very nearly allied to H. Spon-
dylium, but very distinct. The roots and stems of this plant
are eaten by the Chenook Indians ; and by the Cree Indians,
under the name of Penpoon antic ; i. e. flute stem ; and the young
stems are used by them as a pot-herb.
Woolly Cow-parsnip. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. PI. 4 feet.
13 H. CORDA'TUM (Presl, del. prag. p. 135.) leaves ternate;
leaflets cordate-ovate, petiolulate, lobately pinnatifid, mucro-
nately toothed, hispid beneath, as well as the petioles and stem,
which is furrowed ; leaves of involucels linear ; involucra want-
ing ; fruit glabrous, obovate, somewhat emarginate at the apex.
1£. H. Native of Sicily, in humid groves on the Nebrodes.
Root black, sweet-scented, and is called Angelica by the Sici-
lians, and is used for the same purposes by them. H. Spondy-
lium and H. Panaces Ucria, ex Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 364.
Cordate-leafletted Cow-parsnip. PI. 4 to 6 feet ?
14 H. PYRENA'ICUM (Lam. diet. 1. p. 403.) leaves very large,
palmatifid, hoary from tomentum beneath ; leaflets lanceolate,
toothed or ternate ; involucra of few leaves : young fruit co-
vered with long hairs : adult ones glabrous, nearly orbicular.
UMBELLIFER^E. CIX. HERACLEUM.
343
$ . H. Native of the Eastern and Central Pyrenees, in rugged
places ; and of Italy, on the mountains ; as well as of Croatia,
Tyrol, and about Verona. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 315. H. ampli-
folium, Lapeyr. abr. p. 153. Poll. ver. 1. p. 339. and H. seto-
sum, Lap. suppl. p. 44. ex Benth. cat. p. 89. H. platyphyllum,
Ram. pyr. ined. H. alplnum/3, Pers. All the other synonymes
added to this plant by Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 577. are
wrong or doubtful.
Pyrenean Cow-parsnip. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1798. PI. 4
to 6 feet.
15 H. PA'NACES (Lin. spec. p. 358.) leaves pinnate, canes-
cent beneath ; leaflets on long petioles, cordate, usually 3-lobed,
toothed ; leaves of involucels linear-setaceous ; young fruit
bearing a few scattered hairs. $ . H. Native of the southern
Alps of Europe. Lob. icon. t. 701. f. 2. Mor. ox. sect. 9. t.
17. f. 3. H. set6sum, Lapeyr. abr. p. 153 ?
True Cow-parsnip. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1796. PI. 6 feet.
16 H. A'SPERUM (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 224.) stem rough
from strigae ; leaves deeply lobed, serrated, acute, scabrous
above, pubescent beneath ; umbels of 40 rays ; leaves of invo-
lucra setaceous ; fruit orbicularly elliptic, when young rather
scabrous. $ . H. Native of the north of Caucasus, on Mount
Beschtau ; and according to Koch also of the Alps of Bavaria
and Tyrol. Spondylium asperum, Hoffm. umb. p. 134. Dorsal
vittae 2 longer than the lateral ones ; all filiform ; those in the
commissure evidently clavate. In the cultivated plant the fruit
is nearly glabrous even when young.
Rough Cow-parsnip. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. 6 to 8 ft.
17 H. VILLOSCM (Fisch. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 579.) leaves
sinuately pinnatifid, sharply serrated, acuminated, clothed with
hoary tomentum beneath ; leaves of involucra and involucels
setaceous, deflexed ; umbels sparingly radiant ; fruit elliptic,
ciliated, woolly on the back. $ . H. Native of Caucasus, in
gravelly places on the margins of rivulets. Stev. obs. 1828. p.
72. H. Pyrenaicum, Bieb. fl. et suppl. no. 559. but not of Lam.
H. decipiens and H. marginatum, Hoffm. umb. p. 134. and 135.
and probably H. giganteum, Horn. hort. hafn. ex Prescott.
Leaves as in H. Pyrenaicum hoary beneath, but differs in the
young fruit being tomentose, and in the adult ones being roughly
ciliated. Vittae broad ; the dorsal ones drawn out beyond the
middle, and filling the furrows ; the commissural ones short,
rarely somewhat branched. There are varieties with larger
and smaller fruit.
Far. ft, subvillosum (Hoffm. umb. gen.) fruit covered by scat-
tered rather loose hairs ; leaves less canescent beneath.
Villous Cow-parsnip. Fl. July. Clt. 1826. PI. 4 to 6 feet.
18 H. PUBE'SCENS (Bieb. suppl. p. 225.) leaves pubescent be-
neath ; cauline leaves ternate ; leaflets somewhat palmately pin-
natifid, toothed ; segments and recesses acute ; umbels of many
rays ; involucra of 1-2 leaves ; involucels short, caducous, of
few leaves ; fruit elliptic, having the disk rather villous. $ . H.
Native of the south of Tauria, in shady places ; and of Eastern
Caucasus, in alpine places. Spondylium pubescens, Hoffm.
umb. p. 134. H. speciosum, Ledeb. hort. dorp. 77. H. Pa-
naces, Steven, mem. mosc. 3. p. 259 ? To this species is pro-
bably referrible the H. gummiferum, Willd. enum. p. 312. hort.
berol. 1. p. 53. t. 53. and t. 54. It differs, however, from H.
Pyrenaicum and H. Panaces, in the young fruit being clothed
with short down, not with long spreading down. Fruit glabrous
in the adult state ; having the dorsal vittae slender, and drawn out
beyond the middle, and being suddenly dilated into a club-shaped
form at the apex. The young shoots are filled with a sweet
aromatic juice, which is called Baldergan by the natives of Cau-
casus, and is eaten by them in a crude state.
Pubescent Cow-parsnip. Fl. July. Clt. 1823. PI. 4 to 5 feet.
19 H. BARBA'TUM (Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill, t. 303.) leaves pin-
nate, with 2 pairs of leaflets ; lower leaflets and terminal one
sinuately pinnate-parted, petiolate : lobes acuminated, serrated :
serratures ovate, acuminated ; umbels radiant : fruit elliptic, be-
set with a few pili, somewhat emarginate at the apex ; vittae in
the commissure parallel. $ . H. Native of Altaia, in moun-
tain meadows. "Stem furrowed like the rest, beset with rigid
pili, which rise from a callous or blackish point, and which are
usually retrograde on the lower part of the stem ; bearded
with numerous pili at the knees. Petioles hispid, bearded at
the insertion of the petioles. Leaves pubescent beneath, but
green and furnished with a few stiff hairs beneath at the veins.
Involucrum of one or few leaves, caducous ; involucels of a few
linear permanent leaves. To this plant may be referred the one
in Gmel. fl. sib. 1. p. 213. no. 29. which Linnaeus has cited for
his H. Panaces. It is called Sladkajatrawa, i. e. a sweet herb,
by the natives of Siberia, a name given by them to many other
plants, as to Liquorice and Milk-vetch, &c.
Bearded Cow-parsnip. PI. 4 feet.
20 H. DISSE'CTUM (Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 304. fl. alt. 1. p.
301.) leaves ternate ; leaflets petiolulate : lateral leaflets pinnate-
parted : terminal one palmate-parted : segments cut or pinnatifid,
oblong, acuminated, serrated ; umbels radiant ; mericarps orbi-
cularly elliptic, at length glabrous ; commissural vittse diverg-
ing. $ . H. Native of Altaia, in meadows, near Tschets-
chulicha, and the metal mines at Riddersk ; and elsewhere. H.
laciniatum, Fisch. in litt. ? Stem deeply furrowed, sparingly
pilose, hispid at the joints, villous towards the top. Leaves his-
pid above from a few thick hairs, but paler and pubescent be-
neath. Involucra wanting ; involucels of a few linear leaves,
which are variable in length. Flowers white.
Dissected-leaveA Cow-parsnip. Fl. July. PI. 3 feet.
21 H. DOUGLA'SII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 193.) leaves scabrous
beneath, and on the petioles, glabrous above, ternate ; leaflets
petiolulate, cordate, S-5-lobed, acuminated, toothed ; leaves of
involucra numerous, subulate at the apex ; fruit obovate, gla-
brous : dorsal vittse elongated, rather club-shaped ; commissural
vittae 2, short, rather club-shaped, and 2 other small, nearly
abortive ones. ?£. H. Native of the north-west coast of Ame-
rica. This may prove nothing but a variety of //. lanatum.
Douglas's Cow-parsnip. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
22 H. CUNEIFORMS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 194.) leaves hispid be-
neath, as well as the petioles, glabrous above, pinnate ; leaflets
3-5, petiolulate, cordate, lobed ; lobes toothed, hardly acumi-
nated ; leaves of involucra many subulate ; fruit obovate-cu-
neated, glabrous ; dorsal vittae filiform ; commissural vittae 2,
rather clavate. % . H. Native country unknown, but probably
of Siberia.
Cwnej/brm-fruited Cow-parsnip. PI. 4 feet?
23 H. LIGUSTICIFOLIUM (Bieb. fl. et suppl. no. 560.) leaves
decompound, ternate or quinately pinnate, smoothish ; leaflets
cuneated, obtuse, deeply serrated ; fruit villous ; vittae filiform,
acute. $ . H. Native of Tauria, on stony hills ; and of Cau-
casus, in subalpine places above Nikita, ex Stev. obs. 1828. p.
71. H. montanum, Georgi in Willd. herb, ex Stev. Stem an-
gular, pubescent, as well as the young leaves. Flowers white,
radiant. Commissural vittae equal in length to the dorsal ones
Lovage-leaved Cow-parsnip. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816.
PI. 2 feet.
24 H. CAUCA'SICUM (Stev. mem. soc. hist. nat. mosc. 3. p.
259.) leaves ternate; leaflets on long petioles, toothed, glabrous
above, pubescently scabrous beneath : intermediate one 3-lobed.
£ . H. Native of Caucasus, on the mountains, at the river Ju-
charibasch. Flowers white, rather radiant. A plant like this
from Iberia has the upper leaves ovate and 3-lobed, on long
petioles, and the young fruit bristly.
Caucasian Cow-parsnip. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. 4 ft.
344
UMBELLIFER.E. CIX. HERACLEUM. CX. ZOZIMIA.
25 H. HU'MILE (Sibth, et Smith, fl. graec. prod. 1. p. 193.)
leaves rather bipinnate, cut, pubescent; stem nearly simple;
umbels 4-7-rayed ; fruit orbicular, smoothish. y.. H. Native
of Greece, on Mount Olympus. Umbels large. Stems hardly
a hand high. Vittae of fruit 4, red, oblong : the dorsal ones
attaining the length of the middle.
Humble Cow-parsnip. PI. | to | foot.
SECT. IV. CARME'LIA (from Mount Carmelo, the habitation of
the species). D. C. prod. 4. p. 194. Fruit ornamented with
thick adpressed stiff bristles. Vittae not sufficiently known, but
there are probably 4 dorsal ones, and 2 filiform hardly clavate
commissural ones. Petals hispid ; exterior ones radiant. Per-
haps a proper genus, or perhaps only a species of Zozimla or
Pastinaca.
26 H. CARME'LI (Labill. syr. dec. 5. p. 3. t. 1.) leaves pin-
nate, scabrous from adpressed down beneath ; leaflets ovate-
oblong, deeply toothed : extreme one rather cordate, 3-lobed ;
rays of umbel 5, very unequal, contracted after flowering. $ .
H. Native of Syria, on Mount Carmel. Involucra and invo-
lucels composed of erect permanent setaceous leaves. Bristles
on the stem and branches retrograde.
Carmelo Cow-parsnip* PI. 2 to 3 feet ?
SECT. V. WE'NDTIA (in honour of Frederick de Wendt, M. D.
Professor of Medicine at Erlang). D. C. prod. 4. p. 194.
Wendia, Hoffm. umb. p. 136. Bieb. suppl. 227. Commissure
without vittse, or with 2 small obliterated villas. Umbels ra-
diant. Petals while or rather rose-coloured.
27 H. ALPI'NUM (Lin. spec. p. 359.) leaves cordate-roundish,
smooth, palmately 5-cleft: lobes bluntish, crenately toothed,
rarely cut ; leaves of involucels setaceous ; fruit obovate-orbi-
cular. %. H. Native of the Alps of Jura, in paslures, and at
the borders of woods ; as well as of the Alps of Dauphiny,
Provence, and the Pyrenees. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 316. H. testi-
culalum, Lapeyr. suppl. p. 43. — C. Bauh. prod. 83. with a
figure. — Barrel, icon. I. 55.
Alpine Cow-parsnip. Fl. June, July. Cll. 1 739. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
28 H. AUSTRI AcuM(Jacq. austr. t. 61.) leaves pinnale, with
2-3 pairs of leaflets, scabrous from scaltered hairs on bolh sur-
faces ; leaflels ovate-lanceolale, doubly serraled : lerminal one
somewhal 3-lobed. l/.H. Nalive of Auslria, Carniola, and
Transylvania, in alpine meadows. Cranlz, austr. 153. t. 1.
Spondylium Auslriacum, Scop. earn. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 204. t. 1.
To this Sprengel refers Tordylium siifolium, Scop. earn. no.
318. t. 8. but it differs in the petals being red, and in the fruit
being hispid from villi.
Austrian Cow-parsnip. Fl. June, July. Cll. 1752. PI. 2 ft.
29 H. CHORODA'NUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 194.) lower leaves
ovate, somewhat lobed, serrated : superior ones cruciately pinnate ;
leaflets linear, all rather canescent benealh from down. $ . H.
Nalive of Caucasus, about Narlzana and Kobi, among grass on
the mountains. Said not to be distincl from H. Austriacum by
Stev. obs. 1828. p. 70. Heracleum longifolium, Bieb. fl. taur.
1. p. 223. exclusive of the synonymes. Wendia Chorodanum,
Hoffm. umb. 139. t. 1. /3, and in lit. f. 12, 13. Fruit obovate.
Commissural vittae wanting ; but there are 4 dorsal ones which
are clavate, and hardly atlaining a ihird part of the length of the
fruit. There is also a variety of this with rose-coloured flowers
(H. roseum, Siev. in mem. soc. mosc. 3. p. 260.) and more
humble slem.
Chorodanum Cow-parsnip. PI. 2 to 3 feet ?
30 H. MI'NIMUM (Lam. diet. 1. p. 403.) plant dwarf, gla-
brous ; leaves nearly all radical, bipinnate : leaflets lanceolate-
linear, cut a litlle ; involucra usually of one leaf; involucels
wanling. I/. . H. Native of the Alps of Dauphiny, but rare.
D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 316. H. bipinnatum, Cuss. H. pumilum,
Vill. dauph. 2. p. 640. t. 14. Peucedanum Vocontiorum,
Spreng. umb. spec. 51. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 571. It differs
from Peucedanum in the petals being deeply emarginate ; in the
fruit being oval and flattened ; in the vitiae exlending nearly lo
the middle of the fruit, filiform, not saccale. It may hereafter
prove also to be generically distinct from Heracleum.
Small Cow- parsnip. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1810. PI. 1 foot.
SECT. VI. TRICHOGONIUM (from 0p<£ rpt-xpt, thrix trichos, a
hair, and yuivta, gonia, an angle ; in reference to the stems being
bearded at the joints or knees). D. C. prod. 4. p. 195. Com-
missure without any vittae. Umbels not radiant. Petals yel-
lowish. Stems woolly or bearded at the joints.
31 H. WALLI'CHII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 195.) stem terete, hairy
at the base, glabrous except at the knees or joints; leaves ter-
nate, having a few scattered pili above, and bearing a few small
ones at the nerves beneath ; leaflets lanceolate, acuminated, ser-
rated, undivided, or the lateral leaflets of the lower leaves are
2-lobed, and the terminal one 3-lobed. Involucra of 1-2 deci-
duous leaves. — Nalive of Nipaul. Fruit obovate, nearly orbi-
cular, with 5 slender ribs. Vitiae 4, linear, drawn out a little
beyond the middle of the mericarps.
WallicKs Cow-parsnip. PI. 2 lo 4 feet?
t Species hardly known, but most -of them may prove lo be
synonymous with those described above.
32 H. TUBERO'SUM (Molin. chil. ed. germ. p. 115. ex Willd. •
spec. 1. p. 1423.) leaves pinnale: wilh 7 leaflels; flowers ra-
diant ; rool yellow, composed of lubers. 2£. F. Nalive of
Chili. The rest unknown.
jTu&erous-rooted Cow-parsnip. PI. 2 to 3 feet?
33 H. TAU'RICUM (Fisch. in litt. ex Loud. horl. brit. p. 109.)
$ . H. Nalive of Siberia. Perhaps the same as H. villosum.
Taurian Cow-parsnip. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1820. PL 5 feet.
34 H. VERRUCO'SUM (Stev. in litt. ex Loud. hort. brit. p.
109.) $. H. Native of Tauria. Perhaps the same as H.
dsperum.
Warrta/-stemmed Cow-parsnip. Fl. June, July. Cll. 1820.
PI. 7 lo 8 feel.
Cult. All the species grow well in any soil, and are all easily
increased by seed ; and some of the perennial ones by dividing
at ihe rool.
CX. ZOZI'MIA (in honour of A. N. and Z. Zozima, distin-
guished editors of the Greek classics). Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 145.
t. 1. /S, f. 9. (under Zozima,) Smith, in Rees' cyel. vol. 39. Bieb.
suppl. 229. Koch, umb. 88. D. C. prod. 4. p. 195.— Heracleum
and Tordylium species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-loolhed. Pelals
obovale, emarginale, wilh an indexed poinl. Fruil flatly com-
pressed from the back, and ratjier convex in the middle, more or
less hairy, girded by a smooth thickened dilated margin. Meri-
carps with very slender ribs, the 3 dorsal ones at equal distances,
and the 2 lateral ones more remole, and contiguous to the
dilated margin. Vittse covering the whole seed, the dorsal ones
solitary between the ribs, 4 on the back of each mericarp, and
so large as to fill the furrows ; bul having 2 broad ones in ihe
commissure. Carpophore bipartile. Seed flat. — Herbs, natives
of the Levanl, with decompound leaves, compound umbels,
many leaved involucra and involucels, and while flowers, which
are nol radianl. This is an intermediate genus between Hera-
cleum and Tordylium ; but differs from the firsl of ihese in ihe
margin of the fruit being thickened, not flal ; and from ihe lasl
in ihe margin of ihe fruit being smooth, not tubercular ; and
from bolh in die form and disposiiion of ihe vittae.
UMBELLIFER^E. CX. ZOZIMIA. CXI. POLYT^NIA. CXII. JOHREKIA. CXII1. HASSELQUISTIA, &c.
345
1 Z. ABSINTHIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 195.) stem furrowed ;
leaves supra-decompound, hoary and pilose ; leaflets lanceolate,
rather remote, and somewhat trifid, cuneate at the base, short.
$ . H. Native of the Levant, between Bagdad and Kermancha;
of Siberia, about Tiflis ; of Caucasus, on Mount Beschtau, and
on the mountains of Talusch, near Swant ; and of Persia in
stony places about Seidkhodzi. Heracleum absinthifolium,
Vent, choix. t. 22. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 582. Sibth, fl. graec. t.
281. Heracleum tomentosum, Smith, prod. 1. p. 192. Tordy-
lium absinthifolium, Pers. ench. 1. p. 314. Zozima Orientalis,
Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 148. t. 4. Pastinaca incana, Willd. herb, ex
Stev. obs. ined. Pastinaca dissecta, Cels. hort. Leaves of in-
volucra hoary ; of the involucels about equal in length to the
umbellules, which are dense. Fruit villous in the disk between
the 3 dorsal ribs ; but smooth on the margins.
Wormwood-leaved Zozimia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI.
2 feet.
2 Z. ANETHIFO'LIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 196.) stem terete;
leaves supra-decompound, glabrous, glaucous ; leaflets linear,
acute. $ . H. Native of Persia, between Teheran and Ispa-
han. Habit of the first species. Involucra small, glabrous.
Fruit more of an orbicular form than in H. absinthifolium, and
beset with scattered down over the whole disk, but when young
rather pilose.
Fennel-leaved Zozimia. PI. 2 feet.
Cult. The seeds of these plants should be sown in the open
ground in spring. A light soil suits them best.
CXI. POLYT^E'NIA (from iro\v, poly, many, and ratvia,
tainia, vitta ; the mericarps are furnished with many vittae).
D. C. coll. mem. v. p. 53. t. 13. prod. 4. p. 197.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals
oval, emarginate, with an indexed point. Fruit oval, compressed
from the back, which is lenticular, quite glabrous, with a smooth
tumid margin, and a depressed dorsal area. Mericarps with
very slender hardly distinct ribs. Vittae twin between the ribs
on the back, and 6 in the commissure. Carpophore indistinct.
Seed complanate. — An American glabrous herb. Upper leaves
tripartite, opposite. Lateral flowering branches opposite. Um-
bels terminal. Involucra none. Leaves of involucels setaceous.
Flowers yellowish in the dried state. This genus is allied on
the one hand to Zozimia, and on the other to Tordylium.
1 P. NUTTA'LLII (D. C. 1. c.) Native of North America, in
the Arkansa territory. Tordylium Americanum, Nutt. mss.
Stem nearly terete. Leaflets trifid, cuneated at the base ; lobes
lanceolate, toothed at the apex.
Nutlall's Polytaenia. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. See Zozimia above for culture and propagation.
CXII. JOHRE'NIA (in honour of Mart. Dan. Johreni, who
was the first to introduce the dichotomous method in botany).
D. C. coll. mem. v. p. 54. t. 1. f. C. prod. 4. p. 196.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx obsolete,
very blunt. Petals unknown. Stylopodium short, conical, a
little furrowed ; styles short, diverging, at length deciduous.
Fruit oval, lenticularly compressed from the back, quite gla-
brous, rather spongy and suberose, with a tumid smooth margin,
and a flat rather coloured dorsal area. Mericarps with 3 dorsal
filiform ribs, which at length become brownish, and therefore
probably contain vitta; ; the 2 lateral ribs usually indistinct in the
dilated margin : but sometimes rufous, and of the form of vittae.
Commissure spongy, without any vittae, but furnished with 2
lines. Carpophore bipartite. Seed complanate. — A quite gla-
brous herb, native of the Levant. Stem terete, dichotomous.
Lower leaves bipinnate ; leaflets opposite, 2 pairs and an odd
one, distant, divided into 2-5 linear acute lobes, which are con-
VOL. III.
fluent at the base ; superior leaves parted into 3 linear elon-
gated, quite entire lobes ; upper ones reduced to a narrow elon-
gated sheath. Umbels of 6-8 rays. Involucrum wanting or of
one leaf; involucels of 4-5 linear-setaceous leaves.
1 J. DICHO'TOMA (D. C. 1. c.) — Native of the East, at Mount
Lebanon. Hippomarathrum crithmi folio flore luteo, Vaill. herb.
Dichotomous Johrenia. PI. 1 to 2 feet?
Cult. See Zozimia above for culture and propagation.
Tribe VIII.
TORDYLI'NE^E (plants agreeing with Tordylium in im-
portant characters), or Orthospermae paucijugatae annulatae,
Koch, umb. p. 55. D. C. prod. 4. p. 196. Fruit lenticularly
or flatly compressed from the back, girded by a thick dilated
thickened knotted or plicate margin. Mericarps with 5 very
slender or obsolete ribs : lateral ribs contiguous to the dilated
margin, or forming the same. Seed flat. This tribe differs
from tribe Peucedanece, in the margin of the fruit being ribbed
or plicate, not smooth, and quite entire.
CXIII. HASSELQUI'STIA(so named by Linnaeus in honour
of his pupil Fred. Hasselquist, M.D. who travelled in the Holy
Land, &c. and died at Smyrna in 1752: his travels are pub-
lished). Lin. gen. 341. Spreng. umb. prod. p. 11. Koch, umb.
88. D. C. prod. 4. p. 197. — Tordylium species, Lam. ill. t.
193. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 93.
LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point ; outer ones
radiant, bifid. Fruit round the rays of the umbels flatly com-
pressed, with a somewhat thickened accessory winged margin,
which is hardly tubercularly wrinkled ; those of the disk dissi-
milar, having one of the mericarps contracted into a hemis-
pherical urceolus around the other, which is abortive. Meri-
carps with very slender ribs, the 3 dorsal ones at equal distances,
and the 2 lateral ones contiguous to the thickened margin, or
covered by it. Vittae filiform, one in each furrow, and 2 in the
commissure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed flattened. This
genus hardly differs from Tordylium unless in the unequal meri-
carps of the fruit, and in their margins being hardly wrinkled,
and quite smooth in the disk on both sides, as in Heracleum.
1 H. jEoYPTi^ACA (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 270. exclusive of the
synonymes,) stem hispid ; leaves scabrous, pinnate; leaflets pin-
natifid ; segments bluntly lobed ; involucra arid involucels small,
setaceous. O- H. Native of Egypt and of Syria, on the
sea shore. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 87. Tordylium ^Egyptiacum,
Lam. ill. t. 193. f. 2. Poir. diet. 7. p. 711. Flowers white.
In this species the flowers sometimes have 3-4 styles. Carpo-
phore green. Styles white, erect.
Egyptian Hasselquistia. Fl. July. Clt. 1768. PI. l£ foot.
2 H. CORDA'TA (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 179.) plant pubescent;
lower leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate, rather cordate ; superior
leaves simple, cordate, toothed ; leaves of involucra and invo-
lucels numerous, setaceous, reflexed. O- H. Native of the
Levant. Jacq. hort. vind. 2. t. 193. Tordylium cordaturn,
Poir. diet. 7. p. 712. Rays of umbels hispid. Leaves of invo-
lucels subulate, longer than the umbellules. Flowers white.
Fruit as in most of the species of Tordylium few, but unequal,
as in Hasselquistia.
Cordate-]eaved Hasselquistia. Fl. July. Clt. 1787. PI. 2 ft.
Cult. The species being natives of warm climates, the plants
are difficult to preserve through the winter. The surest way to
procure good seed is to sow in autumn, and preserve the plants
in a frame or green-house till spring, when they should be
planted out in a warm sheltered situation.
CXIV. TORDY'LIUM (ropSvXtov of Dioscorides ; said to
346
UMBELLIFER^E. CXIV. TORDYLIUM. CXV. TORDYLOPSIS.
be from ropvoc, tornos, a lathe, and (XXw, illo, to turn ; seeds).
Tourn. inst. 320. 1. 170. Lin. gen. no. 330. Spreng. prod. umb.
p. 11. D. C. prod. 4. p. 197.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point ; outer ones
radiating and bifid. Fruit flatly compressed from the back,
girded by a rugged tubercular thick accessory margin. Meri-
carps with very slender ribs ; the 3 dorsal ribs at equal dis-
tances, and the 2 lateral ones contiguous to the thickened mar-
gin, or covered by it. Vittae filiform, one or more in the fur-
rows, and 2 or more in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite.
Seed complanate. — Herbs, with pinnate leaves ; leaflets ovate,
deeply toothed. Involucra of many leaves. Flowers white.
The two sections differ from each other in the number of vittae.
SECT. I. EUTORDY'LIUM (from eu, well, and tordylium; this
section is supposed to contain the true species of the genus).
B.C. prod. 4. p. 197.— Tordylium, Hoffrn. umb. 1. p. 198. t.
3. f. 3-4. A. Koch, umb. 87. f. 24, 25. Vittae solitary in the
furrows, and twin in the commissure.
1 T. SYRI ACUM (Lin. spec. p. 345.) plant pubescent ; leaves
pinnate ; leaflets roundish, repandly toothed : terminal one
ovate ; involucra and involucels longer than the umbels. Q. H.
Native of Syria, Caria, Asia Minor, and Greece. Jacq. hort.
vind. 1. t. 54. Riv. pent. t. 3. Barrel, icon. t. 349. — Mor. ox.
sect. 9. t. 16. f. 7. There is a variety of this with a simple
erect stem ; and another with diffuse procumbent stems.
Syrian Hart-wort. Fl. July. Clt. 1597. PI. 1 foot higher
procumbent.
2 T. MA'XIMUM (Lin. spec. 345.) stem scabrous or hispid from
retrograde bristles ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, deeply
serrated and notched : terminal one elongated ; leaves of involucra
and involucels linear, shorter than the umbels. O- H. Native
of middle and south Europe, Caucasus, and the Levant, in corn-
fields. In England on banks and waste ground, but rare ; about
London ; under a hedge on the north side of the parks, Oxford ;
in a hedge about half a mile from Eton. Smith, engl. hot.
1173. Jacq. austr. t. 142. — Mor. ox. 3. p. 316. sect. 9. t. 16.
f. 1. — Rivin. pent. irr. t. 1. — Lob. icon. 737. Heracleum Tor-
dylium, Spreng. spec. umb. 49. T. magnum, Brot. and T.
Lusitanicum, Willd. does not differ from this species ac-
cording to Link. Stem erect, branched, hollow. Leaves densely
clothed with fine close bristly hairs, all directed towards the
point ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, the lower ones ovate. Umbels
dense, bristly. Flowers reddish, the outermost petal with equal
lobes, the two next with extremely unequal ones.
Great Hart-wort. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
SECT. II. CONDYLOCA'RPUS (from KovSvXoe, kondylos, a finger
joint, and Kapwog, karpos, a fruit). Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 202. Koch,
umb. p. 8(>. but not of Desf. D. C. prod. 4. p. 198. Vittae
numerous both in the furrows and commissure. In the commis-
sure there are 4 in T. Hasselquistice, and therefore it is an inter-
mediate plant between the two sections, as there are 8-10 in the
commissure of the other species.
3 T. HASSELQUI'STIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 198.) plant pubes-
cent ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets roundish, repandly toothed : the
terminal one in the lower leaves is reniformly cordate ; leaves of
involucra setaceous, shorter than the umbels : of the involucels
similar, but longer than the umbellules. Q. H. Native of the
Levant. Like Hasselquistia cordata, but the character of the
fruit is the same as that of Tordylium. Habit of T. ffffic'male.
Vittse in the commissure 4, 2 curved and 2 straight.
Hasselquist's Hart-wort. PI. 1 foot.
4 T. OFFICINA'LE (Lin. spec. p. 345.) stem generally branch-
ed, furrowed, clothed with soft deflexed hairs ; leaves pinnate,
rough, hairy ; leaflets ovate, cut, crenate, the odd one the largest ,
leaves of involucra and involucels lanceolate, acute ; those of the
latter about equal in length to the umbellules ; radiant petals in
pairs, with very unequal lobes. Q. H. Native of Portugal,
south of France, Italy, Dalmatia, and Greece, in cultivated
fields ; possibly never seen at all in England, the T. maximum
having been confounded with it ; however, it is said to have
been found by Mr. Doody about Isleworth, Ray, and about
London. Petivier. Smith, engl. bot. 2440. fl. graec. 3. t. 267.
— Colum. ecphr. t. 124. f. 1. — Mor, ox. 3. p. 316. sect. 9. t. 16. f.
6. — Dod. pempt. p. 313. f. 314. Lob. icon. 736. — Bauh. hist.
3. p. 84. f. 2. Small Hart-wort, Petiv. herb. brit. t. 24. f. 6.
T. rnicrospermum, Ten. add. 1827. Condylocarpus orHcinalis,
Koch, 1. c. Leaflets roundish or ovate, crenate, and variously
cut. The radius of the umbellules formed of the very unequal
outer petals of the flowers of the circumference, the large lobes
of 2 flowers coming together, and resembling a single petal.
These lobes are sometimes reddish. Fruit hairy on the disk,
brown, with scarcely any ribs or veins ; the border greatly ele-
vated, tumid, neatly crenate transversely. T. A'pulum is readily
distinguished from this species by having in each marginal
flower only one radiant petal, with 2 equal lobes.
Officinal Hart-wort. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. 1 to 1| ft.
5 T. A'PULUM (Riv. pent. t. 2.) plant erect, villous below;
leaves pinnate ; leaflets of the lower leaves roundish, cu-
neated at the base, lobately crenated : of the upper ones pinna-
tifid, linear, acute ; leaves of involucra and involucels setaceous ;
those of the latter shorter than the umbellules. O- H. Native
of Apulia and Greece, in cultivated fields. Lin. spec. 345. ex-
clusive of the synonymes. — Jacq. hort. vind. t. 53. T. grandi-
florum, Moench, meth. p. 78. Condylocarpus A'pulus, Hoffm.
umb. p. 203. T. insulare, Clark in Spreng. neue entd. 3. p.
165. There is a variety of this which is almost glabrous
below. Stem hairy at the joints.
Far. /3, humile (D. C. prod. 4. p. 198.) plant of many stems;
leaves for the most part radical : lower ones nearly bipinnatifid ;
involucels much shorter than the umbellules. O- H. Native
of Tunis, Sardinia, Istria, Malta, and Melos, in cultivated fields.
T. humile, Desf. all. 1. p. 235. t. 58. Condylocarpus humilis,
Koch, umb. p. 87. T. A'pulum, Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 362.
According to Smith in fl. graec. p. 61. there is no difference be-
tween T. humile and T. A'pulum.
Apulian Hart-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1739. PI. 1 to
1| foot.
Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in the open border
in spring. A light soil will suit the species best.
CXV. TORDYLO'PSIS(from Tordylium and o^c, opsis,
appearance ; plant resembling Tordylium). D. C. prod. 4. p.
199.— Tordylioides, Wall. mss.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed :
teeth acute : outer teeth the largest, dilated at the base, and cus-
pidate at the apex. Outer petals of umbels large and obcor-
dately 2-lobed ; the rest smaller, ovate, and cuspidate, entire,
rarely a little 2-lobed. Stylopodium conical ; styles 2, erect,
elongated. Fruit hairy when young. The rest unknown. —
Herb a foot high, more or less hairy. Stem terete, striated,
erect, nearly simple. Petioles sheathing at the base. Leaves
with 1-2 pairs of ovate cut toothed leaflets, and an odd one.
Umbels terminal, 6-8-rayed. Involucra of 5-6 lanceolate linear
acuminated leaves, which are almost longer than the rays. Um-
bellules crowded, 15-18-flowered. Leaves of involucels con-
forming to the leaves of the involucra, exceeding the flowers. —
Habit almost of Heracleum, but the involucra are of many leaves.
It agrees also with Tordylium in the hairiness, and in the corol-
las. The genus is very doubtful, the perfect fruit being unknown.
UMBELLlFERjE. CXVI. KRUBERA. CXVII. PACHYPLEURUM. CXVIII. AGASYLLIS. CXIX. STENOCOZLIUM, &c. 347
1 T. BRUNONIS (Wall. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 199.) I/ . F.
Native of Nipaul, in Kamaon, towards Emodi.
Brown's Tordylopsis. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. This plant should be grown in a pot, so that it may be
placed under shelter in winter.
Tribe IX.
SILERI'NE^D (this section contains plants agreeing with
Siler in important characters,) or Orthospermae niultijugatae
lenticulares, Koch, umb. 84. D. C. prod. 4. p. 199. Fruit len-
ticularly compressed from the back. Mericarps with 5 primary
ribs, having the lateral ones of these mavginating ; and 4 secon-
dary less prominent ones, these last are rarely wanting ; all fili-
form and wingless. Seed flatfish in front.
CXVI. KRUBE'RA (named after John Julius Kruber, M.D.,
a promoter of botany). Hoflfm. umb. 1. p. 103. and 202. t. 1. ft,
f. 14. Koch, umb. 86. f. 32, 33. D. C. prod. 4. p. 199. — Cap-
nophyllum spec. Lag. but not of Gaertn. — Ulospermum, Link,
hort. berol. 1. p. 267. — Tordylium species, Lin. — Cachrys spe-
cies, Spreng. — Conium species, Desf.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit lenti-
cularly compressed from the back. Mericarps with thick
plicately crenated ribs ; the 3 intermediate ones elevated,
blunt, and keeled : the 2 lateral ones marginating, roundish,
keeled near the raphe. Vittae none. Carpophore bifid. Seed
flatfish in front — An herb, with multifid leaves, and short linear
leaflets. Umbels not rayed, with very few male flowers. In-
volucra of 2-5 leaves ; involucels of 4-5 leaves. Flowers white.
1 K. LEPTOPHY'LLA (Hoffm. umb. p. 104. t. 3.) O- H.
Native of the Canary Islands, Mauritania, Spain, Portugal,
Sicily, Greece, and the Levant. Caucalus Hispanica, Cam. hort.
p. 37. t. 1 1. Tordylium peregrmum, Lin. mant. p. 55. Conium
dichotomum. Desf. atl. 1. p. 245. t. 66. Capnophy'llum dicho-
tomum, Lag. gen. et spec. 13. Cachrys dichotoma and C.
peregrina, Spreng. umb. spec. p. 21. Ulospermum dichoto-
mum, Link, enum. hort. berol. 1. p. 267. Tordylium Lusita-
nicum cicutae folio semine striato, Tourn. herb.
Fine-leaved Krubera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1596. PL 1 to
1| foot.
Cult. See. Tordylium above for culture and propagation.
CXVII. PACK YPLEU' RUM (from 7raXvc, pachys, thick,
and trXcvpor, pleuron, a rib ; the ribs of the fruit are thick and
corky). Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. and fl. alt. 1. p. 296.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete
or minutely denticulated. Petals permanent; those of the disk
flowers obovate-oblong, and emarginate with an acute inflexed
point ; those of the margins difformed : the 3 inner petals ovate,
hardly emarginate, gradually attenuated into an acute inflexed
point. Fruit lenticularly compressed from the back. Mericarps
with 5 elevated thick corky ribs ; the lateral ones marginating,
and a little broader than the rest. Seed flattish in front. Vittae
wanting. Involucra and involucels of many leaves. This genus
differs from Krubera, to which it is very nearly allied, by the
ribs of the fruit being equal, not plicately undulated ; and in the
very different habit. — A perennial herb, with a thick branched
root. Stems solitary, rarely 2 or 3 from the same root, straight,
about a foot high. Radical leaves on long petioles, bipinnate or
tripinnate ; leaflets oblong-linear, tapering at both ends, entire,
glabrous, pale green. Cauline leaves for the most part only
one, on a short petiole, very like the radical ones. Umbels of
many rays. Leaves of involucra and involucels oblong or ob-
long-linear, with white margins.
1 P. ALPI NUM (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. with a figure, fl. alt. 1. p.
297.) If.. H. Native in alpine or subalpine places, about the
metal mines near Riddersk, and on Alp Aigulac.
sflpine Pachypleurum. Fl. May, July. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. The plant will grow in any kind of soil ; and can only
be increased by seed.
CXVIII. AGASY'LLIS (the Greek name of the Ammoniac
plant). Hoffm. umb. 176. Koch, in litt. D. C. prod. 4. p.
199. — Agasyllis species, Spreng. — Cachrys species, Bieb.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals lanceolate, incurved. Fruit oval, compressed from the
back; mericarps with 5 primary obtuse ribs: the 2 lateral ones
of these more humble than the rest, and placed in front of the
short accessory margin : the secondary ones sometimes absent.
Seed a free nucleus, which is flat on one side, and rather convex
on the other, covered with many vittae, 8-10 on the back, and
5-6 in the commissure. — A perennial herb, with the habit of
Cachrys. Stem succulent. Leaves pubescent, ternately de-
compound ; leaflets decurrent, lanceolate, serrated, a little lobed.
Involucra wanting. Umbels of many rays. Leaves of invo-
lucels numerous, setaceous. Flowers white.
1 A. CAUCA'SICA (Spreng. umb. prod. p. 22. f. 4.) I/. H.
Native of Caucasus, in subalpine places near Nartzana. Cachrys
latifolia, Bieb. fl. taur. and suppl. no. 549. Siler Caucasicum,
Spreng. umb. spec. 90. Cachrys decursiva, Horn. hort. hafn.
add. p. 960. Spondylium Armenium foliis ammi perennis,
Tourn. herb.
Caucasian Agasyllis. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PL 2 to 3 ft.
Cult. See Pachypleurum above for culture and propagation.
CXIX. STENOCCE'LIUM (from arivos, stenos, narrow,
and KOI\OC, koilos, hollow ; in reference to the narrow furrows
of the fruit). Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 175. fl. alt. 1. p. 298.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals obovate-orbicular, somewhat emarginate, with an inflexed
point. Fruit compressed from the back. Mericarps with 5
elevated roundish thick equal ribs ; the lateral ribs marginating.
Vittae one in each furrow, and 2 in the commissure. Seed flat in
front. Involucra and involucels of many lanceolate-linear leaves,
with membranous margins. — A perennial herb, having a fusees-
cent root, nearly a foot long. Stem solitary, 2-3 inches high,
leafy at top ; but with numerous axillary elongated branches,
which are furnished with leaves beneath the middle. Petals
dilated into sheaths. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid. Cau-
line leaves tripinnate ; leaflets oblong, acute, entire or bifid.
Umbels of many rays. Umbellules when bearing the fruit nearly
globose. Flowers white. The whole plant is pubescent, and
powdery towards the apex. Stems, petioles, peduncles, and rays
of umbels violaceous.
1 S. ATHAMANTOIDES (Led. 1. c.) Tf. . H. Native of Altaia,
in stony alpine places at the river Tschuja, against the mouth of
the river Tschegan. Cachrys athamantohles, Bieb. fl. taur. 3. p.
217. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 445.
Athamanta-like Stenoccelium. Fl. July. Clt. 1818. PL 1 ft.
Cult. See Pachypleurum above for culture and propagation.
CXX. SIVLER (siler, withy, from salio, to spring ; from
the quick growth of the plant). Scop. earn. 1. p. 217. Gaertn.
fruct. 1. p. 92. t. 21. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 101. Koch, umb.
84. f. 34. and 35. but not of Mcench. D. C. prod. 4. p. 200.
— Siler species, Spreng. — Laserpitium species, Lin. — Angelica
species. Lam. — Bradlae'ia species, Neck. elem. no. 280. but not
of Lin.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed segment. Fruit
Y y 2
348
UMBELLIFER^E. CXX. SILER. CXXI. GALBANUM. CXXII. CCMINUM. CXXIII. TREPOCARPUS.
lenticularly compressed from the back ; mericarps with elevated
obtuse filiform ribs, having 5 primary ones : the lateral ones of
these marginating ; and 4 less prominent secondary ones. Vitlae
one in each furrow, under the secondary ribs. Seed flattish in
front. — Perennial glabrous herbs. Leaves triternate ; petioles
trifid, sheathing at the base ; branches of petioles bearing 3
roundish, coarsely and bluntly crenated, or bluntly 3-lobed leaf-
lets. Umbels large, of many rays. Involucra wanting or of
few leaves, caducous. Flowers white.
1 S. TRI'LOBUM (Scop. earn. 1. p. 217.) I/. H. Native of
Europe and Asia, from Spain to Kamtschatka ; but the habitats
given are doubtful, the plant being often confused with Laser-
pitium aquilegifolium. Laserpitium trilobum, Lin. spec. p. 357.
exclusive of some of the synonymes. Angelica aquilegifolia,
Lam. diet. 1. p. 173. D. C. fl. fr. p. 306. ed. 5. p. 508. Siler
aquilegifolium, Gaertn. 1. c. — Mor. ox. sect. 9. t. 13. no. 3.
Libanotis vi. C. Bauh. pin. 1 57.
Three-lobed-leaved Siler. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1796. PL 3
to 4 feet.
Cult. See Laserpilium, p. 351. for culture and propagation.
CXXI. GA'LBANUM (gall or galban, in Celtic, means fat,
oily; in reference to the gum). D. Don, in Lin. trans. 16. p. 603.
LIN. SYST. Pent6ndria, Digynia. Fruit compressed from the
back, elliptic, unguicular ; raphe narrow, open, not closed.
Mericarps with 5 elevated compressed bluntly keeled ribs, not
winged : lateral ones distinct, marginal ; furrows broadish, con-
cave, without any villas. Commissure flat, dilaled, furnished
with 2 vittae ; vittae broad, a liltle arched. The seeds from
which the foregoing description has been drawn were picked
from the gum. The rest of the plant remains unknown.
1 G. OFFICINA'LE (D. Don, 1. c.) I/. H. The planl, ac-
cording to Dioscorides, is a native of Syria ; but it must be in
some remote inaccessible part of it, as it has not been observed
by any of die numerous Iravellers who have visiled that counlry.
As the gum-galbanum is partly imporled from Smyrna and
partly from India, il is very probable lhal ihe plant is also a
native of Persia. The Bubon Galbanum of Linnaeus possesses
neither the smell nor the taste of Galbanum, but in ihese parti-
culars agrees best with Fennel, and the fruit has no resemblance
whatever to thai found in the gum. How a plant differing so
essentially from Galbanum should yet have been retained so
long in the Pharmacopoeia may well be subject of surprise, espe-
cially as the Bubon Galbanum, being so frequenl in gardens,
afforded abundant opporlunilies of settling the question.
Galbanum agrees in virtue with gum-ammoniac, but is gene-
rally accounted less proper in asthmas, and more so in hysterical
complaints. It is exhibited in the form of pills or emulsions, lo
the extent of about a drachm. Applied externally, it is supposed
to resolve and discuss tumours, and to promote suppuration. The
best sort of galbanum consisls of pale coloured pieces, about the
size of a hazel nut, which, on being broken, appear to be com-
posed of clear white tears, of a bitterish acrid taste, and a strong
peculiar smell. But it most commonly occurs in agglutinated
masses, composed of yellowish or reddish, and clear white tears,
which may be easily torn asunder, of the consistence of firm wax,
softening by heat, and becoming brillle by cold, mixed with
seeds and leaves. Galbanum is generally obtained by culling
the plant across some inches above the root. The juice which
flows from the wound soon hardens, and is the galbanum brought
to us from Syria and the Levant.
Officinal Galbanum. PI. 4 to 5 feet.
Cult. See Thdpsia, p. 350. for culture and propagation.
Tribe X.
CUMI'NE^E (this tribe contains plants agreeing with Cuml- CXXIII. TREPOCA'RPUS (from rpe™, trepo,'to turn, and
num. in important characters), or Orthospermee multijugatae con-
tractae, Koch, umb. 81. D. C. prod. 4. p. 200. Fruit con-
tracled from the sides. Mericarps with 5 primary filiform ribs :
the lateral ones of these marginaling, and 4 secondary more
prominent ones ; all wingless. Seed straight, flattish in front.
CXXII. CUMIVNUM (qamoun is the Arabic name of Cumin).
C. Bauh. pin. p. 146. Lin. gen. no. 351. Gaertn. fr. 1. t. 2».
Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 95. Spreng. umb. prod. p. 25. Hoffm.
umb. ed. 2. p. 194. D. C. prod. 4. p. 201.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx 5, lanceo-
late, setaceous, unequal, permanent. Petals oblong, emarginate,
wilh an inflexed poinl, ereclly spreading. Fruil contracted from
the sides. Mericarps with 5 wingless ribs ; the 5 primary ones
filiform, and minulely muriculated, the lateral ones of ihese mar-
ginating : the 4 secondary ones more prominenl and prickly. Vit-
tae one in each furrow, under the secondary ribs. Carpophore bi-
partite. Seed rather concave in front and convex on the back. —
Herbs, with multifid leaves ; linear setaceous leaflets. Invo-
lucra of 2-4 simple or divided leaves ; involucels dimidiate, of
2-4 leaves, which are at length reflexed. Flowers white or
reddish.
1 C. HISPA'NICUM (Merat, herb. D. C. prod. 4. p. 201.)
segments of leaves linear-setaceous, acule ; umbels bifid; umbel-
lules bearing 3-4 fruit ; involucels about equal in length to the
fruit, which are bearded by bristles. Q. H. Native of Spain,
in corn-fields in Valle de la Manca. Habit of C. Cyminum,
but differs in the fruit not being glabrous or puberulous, but
bearded by long stiff spreading pili. Flowers reddish.
Spanish Cumin. PI. 1 foot.
2 C. MINUTUM (D'Urv. enum. 32. t. 272.) segments ofleaves
linear, obtuse ; involucels about equal in length to the fruit,
which is glabrous. O- H. Native of the island of Cos, in
shady places frequent. Stem slender, branched, hardly 2-3
inches high. Every part of the plant is smaller than in the
other species. In the specimens received from D'Urville, the
segments of the leaves are acute, and the involucels are rather
shorter than the fruit.
Minute Cumin. PI. 2 to 3 inches.
3 C. CYMI'NUM (Lin. spec. p. 365.) segments ofleaves linear-
setaceous, acute ; umbels 3-5-cIefl ; involucels exceeding the
fruit, which is pubescent. Q. H. Native of Upper Egypt,
and ^Ethiopia. Cuminum, Riv. penl. t. 40. Cam. epit. 518.
Schkuhr, handb. no. 714. t. 80. Woodv. med. bol. I. 190. Nees,
off. pflanz. 13. t. 7. Hayn. arz. gew. 7. t. 11. Plench. icon. 192.
Cav. icon. 4. t. 360. — Mor. hist. p. 271. sect. 9. t. 2. There
are varieties of Cumin with white, red, or purple flowers. Coat
of fruit aromatic ; albumen insipid. The plant is cultivated in
the south of Europe and all Lesser Asia. In the islands of
Malta and Sicily, where il is much cullivated for sale, it is called
Cumino aigro or hot cumin, to distinguish it from Cumino dolce,
sweet cumin. Cumin seeds have a bitterish warm taste, accom-
panied with an aromatic flavour, not of the most agreeable kind,
residing in a volatile oil.
For. a, scdbridum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 201.) fruit clothed with
short down ; but roughish on the ribs. O- H. C. ^Egyptia-
cum, Merat, in herb. This is the wild plant.
Var. |3, glabratum(D.C. I.e.) fruit glabrous. Q. H. C.
Cyminum, Merat, in herb. This is the cultivated plant.
Cyminum or Officinal Cumin. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1594.
(Jy
PI. 4 foot.
Cull. The seed should be sown in spring in a warm shel-
tered situation, where the plants will flower in summer, and pro-
duce seed in autumn.
UMBELLIFERjE. CXXIII. TREPOCARPUS. CXXIV. THAPSIA.
349
Kapirog, harp™, a fruit; application not evident). Nutt. in litt.
1825. D. C. coll. diss. v. p. 50. t. 14. prod. 4. p. 201.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Calyx 5-toothed ; teeth
subulate, falling off but slowly after flowering. Petals obcor-
date, inflexedly emarginate. Fruit pyramidally angular or nearly
terete, contracted from the sides. Mericarps convex on the
back, with 5 primary, filiform, hardly prominent ribs, margined
each by a brown vittaeform line on both sides ; and 4 secon-
dary elevated ribs, bearing one vittaa at the lower part of each.
Commissure thick, furrowed in the middle, and furnished with
vittae inside. Seed somewhat compressed on the back, straight.
— Glabrous branched herbs, with the habit of JElhusa. Leaves
multifid, with linear segments. Umbels opposite the leaves,
of 5 rays. Involucra linear, of 1-3 leaves. Umbellules 5-8-
flowered ; involucels linear, unequal, 4-5-leaved, dimidiate.
Flowers white. This genus is more nearly allied to Cuminum
than SEthusa; it differs from the first in the commissure being
spongy, and in the mericarps having accessory margins.
1 T. ./ETHU'SJE (Nutt. 1. c. ex D. C. 1. c.) umbels of 5 rays;
fruit 5 times longer than its breadth. O- H. Native of North
America, in the Arkansa territory, ex Nutt. The primordial
leaves are nearly as in Cynapium, with short acutish lobes ; cau-
line leaves with long linear acute lobes. Involucra of 2-3 leaves ;
involucels of 4-5 leaves.
jEthusa-like Trepocarpus. PI. 1 foot.
2 T. BRACHYCA'RPUS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 202.) umbellules of
2-3 rays ; fruit 3 times longer than its breadth. 0. H. Native
of Louisiana. Perhaps only a variety of the first. It differs
from it in the involucra and involucels being of fewer leaves ;
in the lower umbels being on shorter peduncles ; and in the fruit
being thicker, and less angular.
Short-fruited Trepocarpus. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. See Cun/inum above for culture and propagation.
Tribe XI.
THAPSIE'/E (this section contains plants agreeing with
Thapsia in important characters), or Orthospermae multijugatae
alatae, Koch, umb. p. 73. D. C. prod. 4. p. 202. Fruit com-
pressed from the back, or the transverse section is nearly terete.
Mericarps with 5 filiform bristly primary ribs : the lateral ones
of these placed in the commissure, which is flat ; and 4 secon-
dary ones: interior ones of these filiform, and the exterior ones
or all are winged ; wings undivided ; hence the fruit has 8
wings, or only 2 wings on each side. Seed somewhat compla-
nate or teretely convex, but flat in front.
CXXIV. THA'PSIA (the first species was discovered in the
island of Thapsus). Tourn. inst. 321. t. 171. Lin. gen. no. 361.
Spreng. prod. 17. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 90. Koch, umb. p. 74. f.
S-5. D. C. prod. 4. p. 202.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals elliptic, entire, with an indexed or involute point. Fruit
compressed from the back. Mericarps with 5 primary filiform
ribs, 3 of which are dorsal, and the 2 lateral ones are placed in
the commissure, which is flat ; and 4 secondary ribs, the 2 dorsal
ones are filiform, and the 2 lateral ones are membranous and
winged ; wings entire. Vittaa one in each furrow, under the
secondary ribs. Carpophore bipartite. Seed complanate. —
Perennial herbs. Leaves pinnate, bipinnate, and tripinnate, or
decompound ; petioles sheathing ; the upper leaves usually re-
duced to the petioles. Umbels large, compound, of many rays.
Involucra and involucels wanting, or of a few deciduous leaves.
Flowers yellow. This genus differs from Laserpitium, in the
wings of the mericarps being only 2, not 4; and from Melano-
sellnum and Artedia, in the wings being entire ; and from Lepi-
dosciadium, in the backs of the mericarps not being scaly.
* Involucra wanting or of 1-2 leaves.
1 T. GARGA'NICA (Lin. mant. 57-) stem terete, glabrous;
leaves bi-tripinnate, shining; segments linear, acute, elongated,
quite entire along the margins, decurrent or confluent ; involucra
of few leaves ; fruit cordate at the base, with a very open recess.
I/ . H. Native of Calabria, Mauritania, Greece, Sicily, Sardinia,
Spain, &c. in open places and on hills. Magn. hot. monsp. p.
286. with a bad figure. — Gouan. obs. p. 18. t. 10. Desf. alt. 1. p.
262. Sibth, et Smith, fl. graec. t. 287. There are varieties of
this with glabrous or hairy petioles. To this the Ferula Neapo-
litana, Ten. fl. med. p. 316. append. 4th. p. 12. is referred by
Sprengel, which is said by the author to be nearly allied to F.
glauca. The bruised root is said to be good for resolving
tumours.
Far. 13, decussala (D. C. prod. 4. p. 202.) petioles and
nerves of leaves hispid beneath ; involucra wanting. 2/ . H.
Native of Spain and of Mauritania. T. decussata, Lag. gen. et
spec. p. 12.
Garganian Deadly-carrot. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1683. PL
2 to 4 feet.
2 T. SI'LPHIUM (Viv. fl. lyb. p. 17.) stem terete, furrowed,
glabrous ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets many-parted ; segments sim-
ple or trifid, all linear, elongated, hairy on both surfaces, with
revolute margins ; fruit cordate at the base, having the recess
constricted. Tf.. H. Native of the north of Africa, on the
mountains of Cyrenaica. This is supposed to be the plant which
yielded the juice called silphium, a medicine held in such high
estimation among the ancients, as to have imparted to the region
where it grew (the vicinity of Cyrene, now included in the
pashalic of Tripoli,) the appellation of " Silphifera !"
Silphium Deadly-carrot. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PL 2
to 4 feet.
3 T. VILLOSA (Lin. spec. p. 375.) stem terete, glabrous ; leaves
tripinnate, and are, as well as the petioles, villous : leaflets ob-
long, sinuately pinnatifid : lower ones deflexed ; involucra and
involucels almost wanting. I/ . H. Native of Portugal, Spain,
south of France, and Mauritania, on hills and in bushy places.
Lam. ill. t. 206. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 342.— Moris, ox. sect. 9. t.
18. f. 3. Plench. icon. 219. Parkins. 878. 2. t. 877. f. 2. Ger.
emac. 1030. Flowers yellow, as in the rest of the species.
Aspect of plant hoary. Root carrot-shaped, black on the outside.
V'Mous Deadly-carrot. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1710. PL 3
to 4 feet.
4 T. ASCLE'PIUM (Lin. spec. p. 375.) stem terete, glabrous;
leaves tripinnate; leaflets digitately multifid, capillary, short;
petioles glabrous ; involucra and involucels wanting. l/.H. Na-
tive of Apulia, Sicily, Rhodes, and about Constantinople. Sibth.
fl. greec. t. 286. ex Smith, prod. 1. p. 201. Guss. prod. fl. sic.
1. p. 370. T. Apulia, Mill. diet. no. 4.— Col. ecphr. 1. t. 86.
Mor. hist. 3. p. 319. sect. 9. t. 18. f. 9. Fruit one-half smaller
than those of T. Gargdnicum, having the wings rather truncate
at both ends. Habit of Elceoselinum meoldes. The root is
about the thickness of a man's thumb ; the bark is yellow and
wrinkled ; the inside white, abounding in a bitter milky juice.
Swallow-wort Deadly-carrot. Fl. July, Aug. PL 2 to 3 feet.
5 T. FOZ'TIDA (Lin. spec. p. 375.) stem and petioles villous ;
leaves tripinnate ; leaflets much spreading, pinnatifid, attenuated
at the base : segments short, lanceolate, toothed ; involucra
wanting. 1£. H. Native of Spain, Zante, Cyprus, &c. Blackw.
t. 459. Lob. icon. t. 780. ex Smith. Moris, hist. sect. 9. t. 18.
f. 7. ex Lin. Lobel's figure is more probably referrible to La-
serpitium gummiferum. T. tenuifolia, Lag. gen. et spec. 12. is
referrible to the figure of Morison, but differs in the stem being
glabrous. It is probably only a variety of this species. The
leaves are rough and hairy.
Fetid Deadly-carrot. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1596. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
350
UMBELLIFERjE. CXXIV. THAPSIA. CXXV. CYMOPTERUS. CXXVI. LASERPITIUM.
Involucra of 5-7 leaves.
6 T. POLY'GAMA (Desf. fl. all. 1. p. 261. t. 75.) stem terete,
glabrous, sparingly branched ; leaves glabrous, bipinnate ; leaf-
lets multifid : lobes linear, acute, divaricately trifid ; involucra
of 5-7 leaves; central flowers male. 1£.H. Native of Mauri-
tania, about Bone, Lacalle, and Tangiers. Spreng. in Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 614. exclusive of the synonyme of Lam. and there-
fore the description. Flowers pale yellow. Stylopodiutn thick.
Styles diverging, at length reflexecl — Barrel, icon. 356. appears
to be intended for this plant, but the flowers are said to be
white.
Polygamous Deadly-carrot. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
•f- Species not sufficiently known.
7 T. PRJEA'LTA (D'Urv. enum. p. 32.) stem branched above ;
radical leaves quadrifariously decompound, shining ; leaflets ob-
long, cut, almost pinnatifid ; umbels numerous : central one
much the shortest : lateral ones on peduncles, which are fur-
nished each with a lanceolate twin bractea at the base. If. . H.
Native of the island of Cos, among broken rocks at the height
of 900 feet. Stem 6-8 feet high. Fruit unknown.
Tall Deadly-carrot. PI. 6 to 8 feet.
8 T. TRANSTAGA'NA (Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 468.) leaves bipin-
nate ; leaflets pinnatifid : segments linear-lanceolate, hairy. I/ .
H. Native of Portugal, near Montemor and Serpa. Habit of
T. Gargdnica, but more hairy.
Transtagus Deadly-carrot. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
9 T. MA'XIMA (Mill. diet. no. 2.) leaves pinnate; leaflets very
broad, pinnatifid, villous beneath ; petioles decurrent. "If. . H.
Native of Spain, all over Old Castile quite to the Pyrenees.
Perhaps not different from T. villosa. Root said to be of a
dark colour on the outside, and the leaves very thick.
Largest Deadly-carrot. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PI. 4 to 5 ft.
10 T. ALTI'SSIMA (Mill. diet. no. 6.) leaves decompound;
leaflets large, shining ; umbels large. 2£.H. Native of Apulia.
Perhaps the same as T. jirccalta.
Tallest Deadly-carrot. PI. 8 feet.
Cult. The species of. Thapsia will grow in any common
garden soil. They are only to be increased by seeds, which
should be sown in autumn as soon as ripe.
CXXV. CYMO'PTERUS (from Kvpa, kyma, a wave, and
tcTtpov, pleron, a wing ; in allusion to the undulated wings of
the mericarps). Rafin. journ. phys. 1819. aug. p. 100. but not
ofSchultes, syst. 6. p. 34. — Thapsia, Nutt.gen. amer. l.p.184.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx minutely 5-toothed.
Petals roundish-oval, with an inflexed point. Fruit nearly ellip-
tic, compressed, 7-8-winged : the perfect mericarps are there-
fore 4-winged, and the imperfect ones 3-winged : wings undu-
lated; furrows of fruit flat, 1 -nerved ; commissure naked, but
with 3 stripes. Carpophore not separable from the mericarps. — •
A smooth humble herb, with tuberous roots, rather decumbent,
nearly naked stems ; biternate leaves : with short obtuse decus-
sate lobes, and long petioles. Umbels 4-6-rayed ; involucra
wanting ; involucels 5-7-parted, dimidiate. Flowers polyga-
mous ; female ones nearly sessile and white ; central ones male,
pedicellate. — This genus is truly distinct from Thapsia, but per-
haps may be joined with Laserpitium.
1 C. GLOMERATUS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 204.) I/ . H. Native
of North America, in the open plains of the Missouri. Selinum
acaule, Pursh, fl. bor. amer. 2. suppl. 732. Thapsia glomerata,
Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 184.
Glomerate- flowered Cymopterus. PI. decumbent.
Cult. See Thapsia above for culture and propagation.
CXXVI. LASERPITIUM (from laser, its gum, and pix,
pitch ; the name of the ancient Silphium). Tourn. inst. 324.
t. 172. Lin. gen. 344. Spreng. umb. prod. 17. Lag. am. nat.
2. p. 90. D. C. prod. 4. p. 204.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit com-
pressed from the back, or nearly terete, 8-winged ; the 5 pri-
mary nerves of the mericarps being filiform : and the 4 second-
ary ones being winged. Vittae 1 in each furrow, under the
secondary ribs. Carpophore free, bipartite. — Herbs with bi-
pinnate or tripinnate leaves ; leaflets entire, toothed or cut.
Umbels showy, of many rays. Involucra and involucels of
many leaves. Flowers white, rarely yellow. This genus is
easily distinguished from the others by the 8 wings to the fruit.
* Fruit glabrous, or the primary ribs are clothed with ad-
pressed, very short down.
1 L. A'SPERUM (Crantz, austr. 3. p. 54.) leaves bipinnate,
covered with rough hairs beneath and on the petioles ; leaflets
ovate, rather cordate, mucronately toothed : ultimate ones
usually confluent ; leaves of involucra linear-setaceous ; wings
of fruit curled. Tf,. H. Native of Europe, on dry hills, and
by the margins of woods. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 509. L. lati-
folium, Lam. diet. 3. p. 423. L. pubescens, Lag. gen. et spec.
12. L. Cervaria, Gmel. bad. 1. p. 657. L. Libanotis, Spreng.
in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 617. exclusive of many of the syno-
nymes. — Lob. icon. 704. f. 2. Flowers white.
Rough Laserwort. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 L. GLA'BRUM (Crantz, aust. 3. p. 54.) leaves bipinnate,
quite glabrous in every part, and shining ; leaflets obliquely
cordate, mucronately toothed : but those of the superior leaves
are quite entire ; leaves of involucra setaceous ; wings of fruit
equal, rather curled. If.. H. Native of Europe, on the moun-
tains, in dry and stony places. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 509. L. lati-
folium, Lin. spec. 356. Jacq. fl. aust. t. 146. Schkuhr, handb.
t. 67. Fl. dan. t. 1513. L. Libanotis, Lam. diet. 3. p. 423. —
Dod. pempt. 312. f. 2. Clus. hist. 2. p. 194. f. 2. — Riv. pent. t.
21. — Plench. icon. 179. — Mor. hist. sect. 9. t. 17. — Mor. hist.
3. p. 320. t. 19. f. 1-6. Stem and under side of leaves rather
glaucous. Flowers white. In the Alps this plant is only a foot
or 2 feet in height, while in cultivation it grows much larger.
The plant is acrid and aromatic, with something of bitterness,
and seems to merit a place amongst the aromatic stimulants,
emmenagogues, and aperient sudorifics. It is used by the pea-
sants for themselves, and by farriers for horses, in some coun-
tries. The root is the hottest part of the plant.
Var. /3, crispum (Turra, fl. ital. prod. p. 65. no. 14.) wings
of fruit very much curled. Tf.. H. Native of Mount Baldo.
Glabrous Laserwort. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1640. PI. 2 to 4ft.
3 L. AauiLEGiFo'LiUM (Murr. syst. p. 228.) leaves biternate
or triternate ; leaflets ovate, rather cordate af the base, slightly
lobed, glabrous, but puberulous on the nerves beneath ;
involucra and involucels deciduous, of few leaves ; wings of
fruit equal, flat. If.. H. Native of France, Austria, Hungary,
&c. on the mountains. D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 510. Jacq. aust. 22. t.
147. L. trilobum, Jacq. vind. 48. Crantz, austr. p. 187.butnot
of Lin. L. alplnum, Waldst. et Kit. pi. hung. t. 253. Bess,
prim. 2. p. 393. Stem glabrous, glaucous, green. This plant
is usually confused with Siler trilobum, from the shape of the
leaves ; but it is easily distinguished from that plant in the 8-
winged fruit.
Columbine-leaved Laserwort. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1640. PI.
4 to 6 feet.
4 L. GAUDI'NII (Moretti, in Com. (1824.) fl. com. no. 344.
and in bot. ital. (1825.) no. 3. p. 33.) leaves somewhat tripin-
nate : leaflets roundly 2-3-lobed, acutely and deeply serrated :
1
UMBELLIFERjE. CXXVI. LASERPITIUM.
351
upper cauline ones tripartite ; lobes linear-lanceolate ; involucra
and involucels of few leaves : wings of fruit flat, unequal : the
dorsal ones a little smaller than the lateral ones. If. . H. Na-
tive of Switzerland and Italy, in subalpine places. L. luteolum,
Gaudin, fl. helv. 2. (1828.) p. 348. L. trilobum, Sut. fl. helv.
but not of Lin. — Hall. hist. no. 352. exclusive of the synonyme.
Allied to L. aquilegifolium and L. glabrum, but differs from
them in the flowers being yellow.
Gaudin s Laserwort. PL 3 to 4 feet.
5 L. MARGINA'TUM (Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 2. p. 210.
t. 1 92.) leaves biternate, shining, and are as well as the stems
glabrous ; petioles and nerves of leaves rather pilose beneath ;
leaflets ovate, sessile, somewhat 3-lobed, serrated ; upper stem
leaves reduced to the petioles ; involucra and involucels of 2-5
linear-lanceolate leaves ; wings of fruit unequal : the 2 lateral
ones the broadest. 7f. H. Native of Croatia, in woods. Petals
incurvedly obcordate at the apex, greenish yellow, margined
with purple.
.fl/arginerf-petalled Laserwort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1823. PL
2 to 3 feet.
6 L.SI'CULUM (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 918.) stem terete, branched,
few-leaved ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets elliptic or obovate, glau-
cous, mucronate, veiny ; involucra and involucels of many
awned leaves; wings of fruit coloured, emarginate. If.. H.
Native of Sicily, among rocks, on the Nebrode mountains.
Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 317. L. Nebrodense, Jan. herb. 260.
spec. 15. Allied to L, Slier, but the wings of the fruit are very
different.
Sicilian Laserwort. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
7 L. SI'LER (Lin. spec. 357.) leaves bipinnate, quite glabrous ;
leaflets lanceolate or oval, quite entire, mucronate, sometimes
confluent and 3-lobed ; leaves of involucra and involucels linear-
lanceolate, awnedly acuminated; wings of fruit narrow. 1£.
H. Native of middle and south Europe, on the mountains.
Jacq. fl. aust. 2. t. 145. B.C. fl. fr. 4. p. 313. Hayne, arz.
gew. 7. t. 7. Plench. icon. 178. Blackw. 426. Ligusticum
Garganicum, Till. pis. t. 30. Ten. in herb. Balb. and Mor.
Siler lancifolium, Moencli. L. montanum, Lam. fl. fr. L. tri-
foliatum, Sieb. and Schultes, syst. 6. p. 619. Siler montanum,
Mor. oxon. sect. 9. t. 3. f. 1. Plant quite glabrous, growing
from 1-2 feet high in subalpine places. Stem green or purplish.
Flowers white. The root is extremely bitter, and might be
useful in fevers, loss of appetite, &c. An infusion of it in wine
has been given with success in disorders of the stomach. It
yields an aromatic resinous oil on being wounded, and being
made into a syrup, is recommended in disorders of the breast.
Vill. dauph. 2. p. 627. Allion. pedem. no. 1316.
Withy or Mountain Laserwort. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1 640.
PL 1 to 6 feet.
8 L. GA'LLICUM (C. Bauh. pin. p. 156. Lin. spec. p. 357.)
leaves supra-decompound, glabrous, shining ; leaflets cuneated,
3-5-cleft, mucronate; leaves of involucra linear-lanceolate, acu-
minated ; wings of fruit equal, flat. 1£. H. Native of the
south of France ; and of Upper Italy.. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 312-.
Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 624. Gaud. aix. t. 58. Park,
theat. 938. f. 1. L. trifurcatum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 415. L.
cuneatum, Mcench. meth. 79. There is a variety with broader
segments (in Mor. hist. sect. 9. t. 19. f. 8.) and with the lobes
very much divaricate and short (Pluk. aim. t. 199. f. 1. L.
formosum, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1518.); segments of leaves ob-
long-linear (Mor. hist. sect. 9. t. 19. f. 9. and therefore L. an-
gustifolium, Lin. spec. p. 357.) ; segments of leaves very
narrow (J. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 137. and therefore L. angustifolium,
Willd. 1. c.) segments of leaves cut into many lobes (L. Galli-
jcum laciniatum, Hortul, &c.). The most of the varieties have
glabrous stems ; very few have them hispid from scattered bris-
tles. L. tenuifolium, Riv. pent. irr. 22. is also a variety of this
species. Flowers white.
French Laserwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1686. PL 1 to 2 ft.
9 L. PEUCEDANOI'DES (Lin. spec. p. 358.) leaves triternate,
quite glabrous ; leaflets quite entire, oblong, mucronate ; leaves
of involucra, and involucels setaceous; pistils elongated; wings
of fruit unequal, flattish. Tf.. H. Native of Carniola, Croatia,
and Upper Italy, in mountain woods. There are varieties of
this with oval-oblong leaflets (Hoppe, pi. exsic.) ; oblong leaf-
lets (Jacq. icon. rar. 2. t. 250.) ; oblong-linear leaflets (Seg.
ver. 3. p. 227. t. 7.); and linear leaflets (Pluk. aim. t. 198. f.
4.) but all these varieties differ from any of those of L. Gdllicum
in the segments of the leaves not being cuneated nor lobed.
Flowers white.
Sulphur-wort-like Laserwort. Fl. June. Clt. 1816. PL
1 to 3 feet.
10 L. GUMMI'FERUM (Desf. fl. all. 1. p. 254. t. 72.) leaves
ternately decompound, glabrous ; leaflets pinnatilid ; lobes lan-
ceolate, short, acute, stiffish ; involucra and involucels of few
leaves. I/ . H. Native of Portugal, Spain, and Mauritania, in sandy
and barren fields. L. thapsiseforme, Brot. phyt. lus. p. 77. t.
35. L. polygamum, Lam. diet. 3. p. 425. Thapsia gummi-
fera, Spreng. umb. spec. p. 31. Flowers white. Petals in-
flexedly emarginate. Fruit 8-winged (ex Brot ) ; and therefore
this plant if referrible to Laserpitium and not to Thapsia. Lobes
of leaves, when dry, usually channelled. Petioles sometimes
pilose, usually glabrous as well as the lobes.
Gum-bearing Laserwort. PL 2 to 3 feet.
1 1 L. HIRSU'TUM (Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 648.) leaves supra-decom-
pound, hairy ; leaflets narrow, pinnatifid : lobes short, linear,
cuspidate ; leaves of involucra and involucels membranous, ra-
ther trifid at the apex, ciliated; wings of fruit thin, flat. 1£.
H. Native of France, Switzerland, Piedmont, on the Alps, in
meadows; and of Kotzebue's Sound. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 313.
L. Panax, Gouan. ill. 13. L. Halleri, All.pedem.no. 1315.
— Hall. helv. no. 795. t. 19. exclusive of the synonyme of
Gmel. and Seg. — Mor. hist. sect. 9. t. 15. f. 16. Flowers
white.
Hairy Laserwort. FL June. Clt, 1759. PL 1 to 2 feet.
12 L. SCA'BRUM (Cav. icon. 2. p. 72. t. 190.) leaves bipinnate,
scabrous ; leaflets oblong, cut, acute, and are as well as the stems
glaucous ; leaves of involucra and involucels lanceolate, taper-
ing into a bristle ; fruit tomentose while young : adult ones 8-
winged. $ . H. Native of Spain, near Cati and Vallefames,
on dry exposed hills. Referrible to L. hirsutum, but truly dis-
tinct. Petals white, with a violaceous border, villous beneath.
Stem scabrous.
Scabrous Laserwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1800. PL 2 to 3 ft.
13 L. NI'TIDUM (Zanted, comm. brix. 1813. ex Poll. fl. ver.
p. 351.) leaves bipinnate, beset with setose bristles, as well as
on the stem and petioles ; sheaths of petioles glabrous ; leaflets
ovate, serrated : ultimate ones confluent ; leaves of involucra
and involucels lanceolate, with membranous margins, deeply
serrated at the apex ; wings of fruit nearly equal. $ . or 2/ . H.
Native of Upper Italy, among rocks on the mountains. L. pi-
losum, Com. fl. comp. p. 53. but not of Willd. Fruit glabrous.
Flowers white.
Nitid-leaved Laserwort. PL 2 to 3 feet ?
14 L. ARCHANGE'LICA (Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 58. Wulf. in
Jacq. coll. I. p. 214.) leaves ternately divided; stem and petioles
hispid ; leaflets ovate, cuneated at the base, serrated, extreme
one 3-lobed : and the lateral ones 2-lobed ; leaves of involucra
and involucels linear-lanceolate, hairy, 2-3-cleft at the apex ;
wings of fruit flat, broader than the mericarps. 1(. . H. Na-
tive of Carniola, Croatia, Silesia, Carpathian mountains, among
rocks. L. Chironium, Scop. earn. no. 324. Archangelica,
352 UMBELLIFERjE. CXXVI. LASERPITIUM. CXXVII. LOPHOSCIADIUM. CXXVIII. MELANOSELINUM.
CIus. hist. 2. p. 195. Lob. icon. 701. Petioles .large, saccate,
very villous. Stem 5 feet high, furrowed. Flowers white, pur-
plish when young. Fruit glabrous, or clothed with adpressed
pubescence according to Koch.
Archangel Laserwort. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. 4 to 5 ft.
* * Primary ribs of fruit hispid from spreading bristles.
15 L. HI'SPIUUM (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 221. suppl. p. 222.)
leaves ternately bipinnate ; petioles, nerves on the under sides
of the leaves, stem and umbels hispid ; leaflets cuneiform-
ovate, deeply serrated ; stem terete, furrowed : leaves of invo-
lucra and involucels oblong, acuminated at the apex, or cut ;
wings of fruit unequal : 2 lateral ones the largest. If. . H.
Native of Tauria and Caucasus, in gravelly places. L. pilo-
sum, Willd. enum. p. 310. L. Archangelica, Hortul. but not of
Jacq. Caucalis hispida, Desf. hort. par. Petals white.
Hispid Laserwort. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
16 L. PRUTE'NICUM (Lin. spec. p. 357.) leaves decompound,
rather hairy on the nerves and petioles ; leaflets ovate-lanceo-
late, pinnatifid : lobes lanceolate, cuspidate : outer ones con-
fluent ; stem angular, beset with retrograde bristles ; leaves of
involucra and involucels linear, with entire hyaline margins;
wings of fruit unequal : 2 lateral ones the largest. $ . H.
Native of Hungary, Carniola, Germany, Switzerland, east of
France, on hills. Jacq. fl. aust. t. 153. L. selinoides, Crantz,
aust. 182. L. Gallicutn, Scop. earn. 321. Jacq. vind. 48. —
Breyn. cent. t. 84 Riv. pent. irr. 23. Flowers white.
Var. ft, glabratum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 206.) leaves and stems
glabrous. $ . H. Native of Piedmont, Pyrenees, &c. L.
daucoides, Dufour, in litt. L. Prutenicum, Lapeyr. suppl. p.
48. Balb. fl. taur. 49. Fruit pilose on the primary ribs, as in
var. a. The wings of the fruit are very unequal : the 2 lateral
ones are large : and the 2 dorsal ones very small, or nearly want-
ing, hence this species falls in almost to Thapsia, but differs in
the petals being emarginate.
Prussian Laserwort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. 3 to 4 ft.
17 L. ATHAMA'NM: (Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 624.)
plant hispid ; stem furrowed, much branched ; leaves ternately
decompound, rough on both surfaces, stifHsh ; leaflets oblong,
pinnatifid ; segments broadly lanceolate, mucronate ; leaves of
involucra and involucels oblong, reflexed. $ . H. Native of
Siberia. Perhaps the same as L. liispidum or a variety of L.
Prutenicum.
Athamanla-like Laserpitium. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817.
PI. 3 feet.
f Species not sufficiently known.
18 L. CAPE'NSE (Thunb. prod. p. 50. fl. cap. 2. p. 201.)
stem terete, glabrous ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets oval, mucro-
nate, margined, quite entire ; sheaths large, petiolar. — Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Fruit ovate, striated, and therefore
the genus is doubtful.
Cape Laserwort. PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
19 L. AU'REUM (Willd. spec. 1416.) stem terete, nearly sim-
ple ; leaves ternately decompound ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate,
pinnatifid : segments lanceolate, bluntish, mucronate ; leaves of
involucra and involucels filiform. If.. H. Native of the Le-
vant. Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 626. — Buxb. cent. 1. t.
43. ex Spreng. but the description hardly agrees with it. L.
elegans, Clark, in Spreng. neue. entd. 3. p. 160. is related to it
according to Spreng. syst. 1. p. 918. Flowers golden yellow.
Fruit unknown. Perhaps a species of Thapsia.
GoWen-flowered Laserwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
20 L. FERULA'CEUM (Lapeyr. abr. pyr. p. 152. but not of
Lin.) stem naked, simple, furrowed ; leaves decompound : leaf-
lets capillary, simple in the lower part, and more decompound
at the apex ; mericarps of fruit 4-winged. If. . H. Native of
the Pyrenees, in a place called Pic du Gard. This is a very
obscure species.
Fennel-like Laserwort. PI. 2 to 3 feet ?
Cult. All the species grow well in common soil, but it must
be rather dry. They are only to be increased by seed, which
should be sown in the autumn or spring.
CXXVII. LOPHOSCIADIUM (XoAoe, laphos, a crest ; and
trKiaZtov, sciadion, an umbel ; in reference to the crested wings
of the mericarps). D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 57. t. 3. f. 6. prod. 4.
p. 207.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals elliptic, entire, acuminated, somewhat involute at the
apex. Fruit compressed from the back. The primary ribs of
the mericarps are unknown : but the 4 secondary ones are
winged : the 2 lateral of which are expanded into a somewhat
serrated wing each : and the 2 dorsal ones are expanded into in-
terrupted wings, which at first sight appear like retrograde scales.
Seed unknown. — Herb glabrous. Stem terete, erect. Lower
leaves like those of Achillea millefblia, pinnate; leaflets short,
innumerable, divided into linear-subulate lobes ; upper leaves
sessile, pinnate from the base, usually rising from the axils
of the sheaths. Umbels compound, sometimes proliferous.
Leaves of involucra 5-7, ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate ; of the
involucels 5-7, but narrower, and about equal in length to the
umbellules. Flowers yellow. Allied to Thapsia, but differs in
the ribs of the fruit being scaly ; but the fruit examined being
immature and incomplete, it is therefore doubtful in what part
of the order the genus should be placed. Perhaps it should have
been placed near Cachrys.
1 L. MEIFO'LIUM (D. C. 1. c.) I/ . H. Native of the Levant.
Ferula meoides, Lin. spec. 356. Lam. diet. 2. p. 455. Laser-
pitium orientale folio mei, Tourn. cor. p. 23. L. Ponticum
meifolio flore luteo, Tourn. herb, without fruit. Laserpitium
meifolium, Vent, in herb. mus. par. Radical leaves long, pin-
nate ; leaflets dense, opposite, pinnate-parted ; partitions mul-
tifid : lobes short, setaceous.
Meum- leaved Lophosciadium. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810.
PI. 3 feet.
Cult. See Laserpitium above for culture and propagation.
CXXVIII. MELANOSELI'NUM (from ^£\«c
melas melanos, black, and tr£\ivov, selinon, parsley ; black pars-
ley). Hoffm. umb. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 156. Koch, umb. p. 75.
f. 6-8. D. C. prod. 4. p. 208.— Selinutn species, Wendl. and
Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit flatly
compressed from the back. Mericarps with 5 filiform, primary
ribs : the 3 intermediate ones on the back : and the 2 lateral
ones placed in the commissure, which is flat ; and 4 secondary
ones : the inner ones of these filiform and very slender, but the
outer 2 are expanded into membranous serrated wings ; under
all the ribs there are oleiferous canals. Carpophore bipartite.
Seed flat. — A shrub with a terete simple stem, which is naked
below. Leaves tripinnate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, serrated :
ultimate ones usually confluent; petioles sheathing. Umbels
composed of many rays. Involucra of many cut leaves ; and
the involucels of many entire leaves. Flowers white.
1 M. DECI'PIENS (Hoffm. umb. 1. c.). Tj . G. Native of
Madeira? Selinum decipiens, Schrad. and Wendl. sert. hann.
3. p. 23. t. 13. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1400. enum. 1. p. 307.
Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 274. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 562. This
UMBELLIFER^:. CXXIX. ARTEDIA. CXXX. ORLAYA. CXXXI. DAUCUS.
353
plant is called by gardeners Bubon Galbanum, to which it is very
similar in habit, hence it has the name of decipiens.
Deceiving Black-parsley. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1785. Shrub.
Cult. Any light soil will suit this plant ; and it is only to
be increased by seed.
Tribe XII.
DAUCI'NE.iE (this section contains plants agreeing with
Daucus in important characters) or ORTHOSPE'RM^; MULTIJU-
GAVT;E ARMA'M:. Koch, umb. p. 76. D. C. prod. 4. p. 208.
Fruit lenticularly compressed from the back, or the transverse
section is nearly terete. Mericarps with 5 primary, filiform,
bristly ribs : the lateral ones placed in the commissure, which
is flat, as in Thapsiece ; and with 4 secondary ones, which are
more prominent and prickly than the primary ones : the
prickles free, or joined into a wing. Seed complanate or
somewhat semi-teretely convex, flatfish in front.
CXXIX. ARTE'DIA (Peter Artedi, a student of medicine
in Sweden. He arranged umbelliferous plants from the calyx ;
died in 1735.). Lin. gen. no. 332. Lam. ill. t. 173. Spreng.
umb. prod. 18. Lam. am. nat. 2. p. 90. Koch, umb. 76. f.
9-10. D. C. prod. p. 208.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point ; those in the
outer ray of the umbels with unequal lobes : the outer lobe
very large. Fruit compressed from the back. Mericarps
with 5 primary, filiform ribs : the 3 intermediate dorsal, and
the 2 lateral ones placed in the commissure ; and 4 secon-
dary ribs : the 2 inner ones of these filiform : and the 2 outer
ones winged ; the wings deeply and sinuately lobed. Carpo-
phore bipartite. Vittae none. Seed flat. — An annual, glabrous
herb. Leaves, as well as those of the involucra and involucels
divided into linear lobes. Umbels compound. Flowers white.
Herb with the habit of Nigella Damascena ; and the inflores-
cence like that of Orlaya grandiflora,
1 A. SQUAMMA^TA (Lin. spec. p. 347.). 0. H. Native of
the Levant, on Mount Lebanon (Lin.); between Bagdad and
Kermancha (Olivier), on the banks of the Euphrates (C. Ros-
tan) ; in Syria and Asia Minor (Schr.) ; in the Morea, and
Lycia (Smith) ; Cyprus (Sibth.). Gingidium Rauwolfia, Cam.
hort. 16. but not of Dioscorides, ex Sibth. and Smith, fl. graec.
268. Thapsia orientalis, Tourn. cor. 22. I. Mor. ox. sect. 9.
t. 18. f. 11. Flowers white. There is a pencil-like brown
brush in the centre of the umbels. Cotyledons long, linear.
Compare D. C. mem. umb. t. 19. t. 7.
Scaly Artedia. Fl. Jul. Clt. 1740. PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
Cult. The seeds should be sown as soon as they are ripe,
in a warm border, as if sown in spring, the plant rarely pro-
duces seed.
CXXX. ORLA'YA (in honour of John Orlay, M.D. secre-
tary to the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Moscow). Hoffin.
umb. 1. p. 58. Koch, umb. p. 78. f. 12-13. — Caucalis species,
Lin. Spreng. Lag. Platyspermum, Koch, in litt. 1S28. but not
of Horlm. D. C. prod. 4. p. 209.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5 -toothed.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point : those in the
outer rays of the umbel radiant and profoundly bifid. Fruit
lenticularly compressed from the back. Mericarps with 5, fili-
form, primary, setiferous ribs : the 3 intermediate ones dorsal :
and the 2 lateral ones placed in the commissure, which is flat :
and with 4 secondary ones, bearing 2-3 series of prickles each :
the outer ones more prominent, or a little winged ; prickles
hooked, or rayed at the apex. Vittae 1 in each furrow, under
the secondary ribs. Carpophore bifid or undivided. Seed
VOL. III.
flat, convex behind. — Annual herbs. Leaves multifid ; lobes
linear. Involucra variable ; involucels of many leaves. Flowers
white : those in the rays of the umbels hermaphrodite, with short
styles : those in the disk male : the rest female, and fertile,
with long styles.
1 O. GRANDIFLO'RA (Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 58.) plant erect, di-
chotomous, glabrous ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid : seg-
ments linear, short; leaves of involucra 5, with scarious mar-
gins ; prickles of fruit hooked at the apex. Q. H. Native of
south and middle Europe, and of Tauria, in fields. Echinophora,
Col. ecphr. 1. 91. t. 94. f. 1. Rivin. pent. t. 25. Caucalis gran-
diflora, Lin. spec. p. 346. Lam. ill. t. 192. f. 1. Jacq. aust. 1. t.
54. Daucus grandiflorus, Scop. earn. 1. p. 189. — Lob. icon. 728.
f. 1. — Mor. hist. sect. 9. t. 14. f. 3. There is a variety of this
with smaller flowers, a native of the south of France.
Great-flowered Orlaya. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1648. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
2 O. PLATYCA'RPOS (Koch, umb. p. 79.) plant erect, divari-
cately branched, rough, or rather pilose ; leaves bipinnate ;
segments lanceolate, remotish ; peduncles stiff, opposite the
leaves ; leaves of involucrum 3, short ; prickles of fruit coloured
and hooked. Q. H. Native from the south of France to
Tauria, in the region of Olives, in fields. Echinophora platy-
carpos, Col. ecphr. 1. p. 94. Caucalis platycarpos, Lin. spec.
p. 347. C. latifolia, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 426. exclusive of the
synonymes. — J. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 2. p. 80. f. 1.
Broad-fruited Orlaya. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1 800. PI. 1 ft.
3 O. MARI'TIMA (Koch, 1. c.) plant diffusely procumbent, vel-
vety from villi ; leaves bipinnate : segments bluntish, mucro-
nate ; peduncles elongated ; leaves of involucra 3, short, undi-
vided ; prickles of fruit radiately glochidate at the apex. O- H-
Native of Mauritania, Spain, and the south of France, Corsica,
west of Italy, and Candia. Caucalis maritimus, Gouan. hort.
monsp. p. 135. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 335. C. pumila, Gouan.
flor. 285. Daucus maritimus, Gsertn. fruct. t. 20. f. 4. but not
of Lam. Daucus maritimus /8, Lin. mant. p. 352. — Moris,
hist. sect. 9. t. 14. f. 7. There is a variety of this having a
bifid umbel (Gerard, gallo-prov. p. 227. t. 10.) or 3-4-cleft, and
the lower ones 5-cleft.
Sea-side Orlaya. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1810. PI. proc.
Cult. Sow the seeds in spring, in the open ground.
CXXXI. DAU'CUS (AavKof, of Dioscorides, is said to be
from data, daio, to make hot ; from its supposed effect in
medicine). Tourn. inst. p. 307. t. 161. Lin. gen. no. 333
Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 20. Duby, bot. gall. 1. p. 215. Koch
in litt. 1828. D. C. prod. 4. p. 209. — Caucalis species, Lag.
Daucus and Platyspermum, Hoffm. umb, 1. p. 62. and 64.
Koch, umb. p. 76 and 78.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-
toothed. Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point :
outer ones usually radiating, and profoundly bifid. Fruit some-
what compressed from the back, ovate or oblong. Mericarps
with 5 primary, filiform, bristly ribs : the 3 intermediate ones
dorsal : and the 2 lateral ones placed in the commissure, which is
flat ; and with 4 more secondary, prominent, equal, winged ribs,
which are divided into a simple series of prickles. Vittae 1 in
each furrow, under the secondary ribs. Seed flattish in front. —
Herbs, usually biennial. Leaves bipinnate. Leaves of involucra
many, trifid, or pinnatifid; involucels of many entire or trifid
leaves. Flowers white or yellow : the central ones usually fleshy,
dark purple, and sterile. The species of this genus are badly
known, and are extremely difficult to extricate from confusion.
SECT. I. PLATYSPE'RMUM (from irXarve, platys, broad, and
, sperma, a seed ; seeds broad). Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 64.
Z z
35t
UMBELLIFER/E. CXXXI. DAUCUS.
Koch, utnb. 78. D. C. prod. 4. p. 210. Prickles of the se-
condary ribs evidently cohering and broader at the base. In-
volucra wanting, or very small : having the leaves divided a
little.
1 D. MURICA'TUS (Lin. mant. p. 392.) plant hispid ; leaves
tripinnate ; leaflets multifidly cut ; leaves of involucrum 5-7,
many of which, or all, are trifid or pinnatifid ; prickles of fruit
longer than the breadth of the seed, peltately glochidate at the
apex. O- H. Native of Mauritania, Numidia, Calabria, and
China, in fields.— Mor. hist. sect. 9. t. 14. f. 4. Herm. par.
111. Artedia muricata, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 242. D. murica-
tus, Desf. all. 1. p. 243. Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p.^477.
exclusive of the synonyme of Poir. Piatyspermum muricatum,
Hoffrn. and Koch, 1. c. and perhaps Caucalis Mauritania is re-
ferrible to this. The hairs on the lower part of the stem are
bent back.— Col. ecphr. 1. p. 95. t. 94. Flowers pink.
Muricaled-fruited Carrot. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1683. PI. 1 ft.
2 D. LITTORA'LIS (Sibth.and Smith, fl. graec. t. 272. prod. 1.
p. 185.) stem decumbent, hispid from deflexed hairs; leaves bi-
pinnate, hispid ; leaflets short, multifid, cuneiform ; leaves of
involucrum 3-cleft, shorter than the umbel ; fruit ovate, beset
with glochidate prickles. ©. H. Native of the island of
Cyprus, by the sea-side ; and of Spain. Leaves of the invo-
lucrum usually 5 ; of the involucels membranous. Flowers
white. Fruit angular, beset with strong prickles.
Sea-shore Carrot. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. PL dec.
3 D. PULCHE'RRIMUS (Koch, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 210.)
plant glabrous ; leaves ternately supra-decompound ; segments
linear, very narrow, short ; umbels of many rays ; involucrum
wanting ; prickles of fruit longer than the breadth of the seed ;
when young covered with rough pubescence. 0. H. Native
of Tauria, Caucasus, Iberia, Persia, on the sea-shore, in sand.
Caucalis orientalis, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 208. exclusive of the
synonyme. Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 469. exclusive of
the synonyme. Caucalis pulcherrima, Willd. enum. p. 301.
Piatyspermum pulcherrimum, Koch, umb. p. 78. — Buxb. cent.
3. p. 16. t. 23. Flowers white.
Most-beautiful Carrot. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1816. PI. 2 to 4 ft.
4 D. BESSARA'BICUS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 210.) glabrous ; leaves
ternately supra-decompound ; segments linear-setaceous ; um-
bels of many rays ; involucrum wanting ; prickles of fruit
length of seeds, when young scabrous. $ . H. Native on the
shores of the Black Sea, about Odessa ; and of the south of
Bessarabia. Caucalis littoralis, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 208. Ca-
chrys littoralis, Spreng. umb. prod. 20. no. 5. Piatyspermum
littorale, Koch, 1. c. This is very different from Daucus litto-
ralis of Sibth., but it nearly agrees with D. pulchdrrimus, espe-
cially in the leaves of the involucels being ciliated, but differs
from it in the segments of the leaves being fewer and longer ;
in the rays of the umbels and umbellules being fewer ; and in
the prickles of the fruit being shorter. Flowers white.
Bessarabian Carrot. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 ft.
5 D. LASERPITIOI'DES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 210.) plant glabrous ;
leaves pinnate and bipinnate : with linear, elongated segments ;
umbels of 6-8 rays ; leaves of involucrum 5-6, linear, undi-
vided ; prickles of fruit joined at the base, neither scabrous
nor glochidate. 1^. H. Native of Mauritania, in sand by
the sea-side, near Bone. Laserpitium daucoides, Desf. fl. alt. 1.
p. 253. t. 70. Caucalis virgata, Poir. voy. 2. p. 133. suppl. 2.
p. 136.
Lasertvort-like Carrot. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
6 D. PUBE'SCENS (Koch, umb. p. 77.) stem rough, branched ;
leaves pinnate, rather hispid ; leaflets pinnatifid, with linear or
trifid segments ; leaves of involucrum usually trifid or undi-
vided ; prickles glochidate at the apex, longer than the breadth
of the fruit, which is oblong. Q. H. Native of Egypt, at
Alexandria. Caucalis glabra, Forsk. descript. p. 206. Delile,
fl. Eegypt. 64. t. 23. f.2 and 3.
Var. a ; smaller, sea-side plant ; stems humble, diffuse. De-
lile, I.e. f. 2.
Var, /3 ; a larger plant, native of sandy places, with taller,
erect stems, and more slender and more acutely divided leaves.
Pubescent Carrot. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1820. PI. i to 1 ft.
7 D. SETULO'SUS (Guss. act. soc. borb. ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
211.) stem branched, bristly ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets multifid;
segments linear ; leaves of involucra multifid ; prickles of fruit
longer than broad, glochidately capitate at the apex. 0. H.
Native of Calabria, and at Naples. D. scabrosus, Bert, ex
Guss.
ZJra^-stemmed Carrot. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
SECT. II. CAKO'TA (from car, celt, red ; colour of root).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 211. Prickles of secondary ribs slender,
separate, even to the base. Rays of umbel nearly equal, or
gradually shorter to the centre. ,
8 D. PARVIFLORUS (Desf. fl. all. 1. p. 241. t. 60.) stem tuber-
cular, rather hairy ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets of lower leaves
ovate-oblong : of the superior ones linear-lanceolate, cut ; leaves
of involucra trifid, subulate, short ; of the involucels simple ;
flowers equal, small ; prickles shorter than the breadth of the
fruit, which is ovate, peltately glochidate at the apex. ©. H.
Native of Mauritania, about Arzeau (Desf.). Flowers yellow-
ish, according to the dried specimens.
Small-jloivered Carrot. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1824. PI. 3 ft.
9 D. INVOLUCRAVTUS (Sibth. and Smith, fl. graec. t. 271.
Smith, prod. 1. p. 184.) stem hispid from spreading hairs ; leaves
bipinnate ; leaflets multifid ; leaves of involucrum pinnatifid,
longer than the umbel ; umbellules few-flowered, uniform ;
leaves of involucels narrow. Q. H. Native of Cyprus, by
the sea-side. Perhaps the same as D. Creticus, Mill. diet. no.
5. ? Fruit small, scabrous from silvery prickles, which are
hooked and glochidate at the apex.
Involucrated Carrot. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PI. | to 1 ft.
10 D. CARO'TA (Lin. spec. 348.) stem hispid ; leaves bipinnate,
and tripinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid, with linear-lanceolate acute seg-
ments ; umbels with a solitary, coloured, abortive flower ; when
in seed concave ; bristles of fruit slender ; leaves of involucra
pinnatifid, not so long as the umbels ; umbellules few-flowered,
equal ; leaves of involucels undivided or trifid. $ . H. Na-
tive of Europe, Tauria, Caucasus, and now introduced to South
America, China, Cochin-china, &c. in pastures and the borders
of fields, in a gravelly soil ; common in Britain, in like situa-
tions. Smith, engl. bot. 1174. Mart. rust. t. 82. Fl. dan.
723. Plench. off. t. 176. Hayn. arz.vgew. 7. t. 2. D. vul-
garis, Neck. D. polygamus, Jacq. vind. 3. p. 43. t. 78. Cau-
calis Carota, Crantz. Huds. ang. p. 114. Staphylinus, Riv.
pentap. irr. t. 28. Pastinaca sylvestris, Math, valgr. vol. 2.
p. 107. f. 1.— Ger. emac. 1028.— Fuchs. hist. p. 684. Root
slender, aromatic, and sweetish, resembling the garden carrot,
which is only a cultivated variety. Leaves rather hairy. Um-
bels white, except the one central neutral flower, which is blood
red. Seeds small, protected by the incurvation of all the flower-
stalks, by which the umbels are rendered hollow, like a bird's
nest. There are several varieties of the wild carrot, besides
the cultivated kinds.
Var. ft, saliva (D. C. prod. 4. p. 211.) root spindle-shaped,
thick, succulent. This is the cultivated carrot, of which there
are varieties with white, red, but usually yellow or copper-co-
loured roots.
The root of the plant, in its wild state, is small, dry, sticky,
of a white colour, and strong flavoured ; but the root of the
7
UMBELLIFER.E. CXXXI. DAUCUS.
355
cultivated variety is large, succulent, and of a red, yellow, or
pale straw colour.
Use. — It is used in soups and stews, and as a vegetable dish.
Parkinson informs us that, in his day, ladies wore carrot leaves
instead of feathers. In winter, an elegant chimney ornament is
sometimes formed by cutting off a section from the head or
thick end of a carrot, containing the bud, and placing it in a
shallow vessel with water. Young and delicate leaves unfold
themselves, forming a radiated tuft, of a very handsome appear-
ance, and heightened by contrast with the season of the year.
Varieties. — Those in common cultivation are :
1 Large red or jield carrot, grows to a large size, and is
chiefly cultivated in fields, and in farmers' gardens, for colouring
butter.
2 Orange carrot. The root is long and large, of an orange
colour, and is the best sort for the main crop.
3 Early horn. Root short, smaller. It is the best kind for
a small, early crop ; also for shallow soils.
4 Late horn. With the same characteristics as the preceding,
but suited for a late crop.
William Christie enumerates the following sorts of horn car-
rots : — Early red, common early, long horn. Of long carrots : —
White, yellow, long yellow, long orange, long red, and the Al-
tringham, or superb, originally from Cheshire.
Soil. — The carrot requires a light mellow soil, mixed with
sand, which should be dug or trenched one or two spades deep,
breaking well all the lumpy parts, so as to form a porous bed,
and an even surface. The orange and red sorts, on account of
their longer roots, require a soil proportionally deeper than
the hornj.
Seed estimate and sowing. — The seeds have numerous forked
hairs on their ribs, by which they adhere together, and therefore
should, previously to sowing, be rubbed between the hands, and
mixed with dry sand, in order to separate them as much as pos-
sible. They are also very light, and therefore a calm day must
be chosen for sowing ; and the seeds should be disseminated
equally, and trod in before raking. Previously to sowing, if
convenient, the seed should be proven, by sowing a few in a pot,
and placing it in a hot-bed, or hot-house, as it is more frequently
bad than most garden seeds. For a bed 4| feet by 30, one
ounce will be requisite, and the same for 1 50 feet of drill rows.
Times of sowing. — To have early summer carrots, sow on a
warm border in the beginning of February, or, to have them
still more forward, sow in a moderate hot-bed, giving copious
admission of air. In the open garden, begin with the early
horn, in the last fortnight of February, or first week of March,
as dry, fine, and open weather may occur. The first sown beds
should be assigned a favourable situation, and covered for a
time with haulm. Follow with the orange, in the first fortnight
of March, and make successive sowings thence to the 20th of
April for main crops. Add smaller sowings twice in May, for
plants to draw young late in summer ; also sow a few at the
commencement of July, for a later succession of young carrots
in summer and autumn. Lastly, in the beginning of August,
two separate small sowings may be made for plants to stand the
winter, and afford young roots early in spring, March and
April.
Insects. — Carrots, when they come up, are apt to be attacked
by insects, like the turnip ; the most approved remedies for
which are thick sowing, in order to afford both a supply for the
insects and the crop ; and late sowing, especially in light soils,
thus permitting the grubs to attain their fly state before the seed
comes up.
Culture. — When the plants are up 2 or 3 inches in growth, in
May and June, they will require thinning and clearing from
weeds, either by hand or small hoeing. Thin from 3 to 5 inches'
distance, such as are designed for drawing in young and mid-
dling growth. But the main crop, intended for larger and full-
sized roots, thin to 6 or 8 inches' distance. Keep the whole
clean from weeds in their advancing young growth. Some of
small and middling growth will be fit for drawing in June and
July ; large sizeable roots, in August and September ; and those
of full growth, by the end of October.
Preserving in winter. — Carrots are taken up at the approach
of winter, cleaned, and stored among sand. They may be built
very firm, by laying them heads and tails alternately, and pack-
ing with sand. In this way, if frost be excluded from the store-
house, they keep perfectly well till March or April of the fol-
lowing year. Some persons insist that the tops should be
entirely cut off at the time of storing, so as effectually to pre-
vent their growing ; while others wish to preserve the capability
of vegetation, though certainly not to encourage the tendency to
grow.
To save seed. — Plant some of the largest best roots in Octo-
ber, November, or the last fortnight of February, 2 feet apart ;
insert them a few inches over the crowns. They will yield ripe
seed in autumn, of which gather only from the principal umbel,
which is likely not only to afford the ripest and largest seed, but
the most vigorous plants. A considerable quantity of carrot-
seed, for the supply of the London seedsmen, is raised near
Weatherfield in Essex ; and much is imported from Holland.
Field culture of the carrot. — It is observed, by a judicious wri-
ter, that the carrot has been too much neglected on lands, where
it would have yiehled a more valuable product in agriculture
perhaps than any bulbous or tap-rooted plant whatever. Several
contradictory experiments in its culture have been detailed in a
number of publications, from which the practical husbandman
will be at a loss to draw any definite conclusion. But in a com-
munication to the board of agriculture from Robert Burrows,
an intelligent Norfolk farmer, who has cultivated carrots on a
large scale, and with great success, for several years, so accurate
an account is presented of the culture, application, and extraor-
dinary value of this root, that carrots will probably soon enter
more largely into the rotation of crops on suitable soils.
Varieties. — The only sort adapted for field culture is the long
red or field carrot. New seed is most essential, as it will not
vegetate the second year.
The best soil for the carrot is a deep rich sandy loam ; such a
soil ought at least to be a foot deep, and all equally good from
top to bottom ; on any other the field culture of the carrot will
not answer.
In preparing the soil for the carrot, it is essential to plough it
before winter, that it may be pulverized by frost, and to work it
well in the spring to at least the depth of a foot. This deep
tillage may be perfectly accomplished by means of the trench
plough, following the common one, or even by the common one
alone with a good strength of team ; but the former method is to
be preferred, wherever the lands are inclined to be stiff or
heavy. Three ploughings are mostly found sufficient where the
land has been previously in a state of tillage, but more may in
other cases be necessary. As soon as the last ploughing has
been made in March, the land should be harrowed, and the sur-
face made as fine as possible. In Suffolk the farmers sow car-
rots after turnips, barley, and peas, set upon a rye-grass ley ;
the crops upon the first have generally been most productive ;
next to that they prefer the latter. In the -first place, they feed
off the turnips by the beginning of February, and then lay the
land up in small bulks or furrows, in which state it remains till
the second week in March, when it is harrowed down, double
furrowed to the depth of about a foot, and the seed sown.
The climate most suitable to the carrot is the same as for the
turnip ; but they will thrive better than the turnip in a dry and
z z 2
356
UMBELLIFERjE. CXXXI. DAUCUS.
warm climate, and are consequently of better growth in the
south of England and France, in proportion to their size in moist
climates, as Holland and Ireland, than the turnip.
Manure, according to some, should not be given to carrots
the year they are sown, as it is alleged when the roots meet
with it they become forked and wormy. This, however, is only
applicable to cases in which recent unferrnented manure has been
given, or where other manure has not been properly broken in
pieces, and spread over the soil, or in the drills. The Suffolk
and Norfolk farmers, who are the best carrot growers, always use
dung ; a suitable proportion of well-rotted farm-yard dung heing
constantly turned into the soil at the last ploughing in March,
as it has been fully shown by various trials detailed in the
Annals of Agriculture, and other books on husbandry, that
though good crops of carrots may be occasionally grown without
the aid of manure, it is only by the liberal application of that
substance that the greatest produce possibly can be obtained, as
they are in general found to bear a relative proportion to the
quantity that may have been employed. Mr. Burrows prepares
the land with a good dressing of about 16 cart loads per acre of
rotten farm-yard manure, or cottagers' ashes, — the load about
as much as three horses can draw. He usually sows wheat
stubbles after clover, ploughing the first time in autumn, and
once more in the early part of the month of February, if the
weather permits ; setting on the manure at the time of sowing,
which is about the last week in March, or sometimes as late as
the second week in April. In Suffolk, when carrots are intended
to be sown after peas, they usually plough the stubble as soon as
the harvest is over, in order that the land may clear itself of
weeds ; in December, it is laid up in small bulks to receive the
benefit of the frosts ; in February, it is harrowed down, and
manured at the rate of 15 loads per acre ; the manure ploughed
in to the depth of about 4 inches, and in the month of March
the land is double-furrowed, and the seed sown. By pursuing
this method, they say, the manure lies in the centre of the
soil, and not only affords nourishment and support to the carrot
in its perpendicular progress, but renders it easy to be turned
up by a single ploughing, and greatly promotes the growth of the
succeeding crop of barley. In Norfolk, it is the practice to sow
carrots after a crop of turnips. The manure, after being put on
the land in the beginning of March, is first ploughed in with a
common plough, and afterwards trench ploughed about 14 or
15 inches deep; it is then harrowed very fine, and the seed
sown about the beginning of March.
The season for sowing the carrot, preferred by Mr. Burrows, is
the last week in March or first of April ; but he prefers the first
period, having generally found early crops the most productive.
The usual preparation of the seed for sowing, is by mixing it
with earth or sand, to cause it to separate more freely ; but
Burrows adds water, turns over the mixture of seeds and moist
earth several times, and thus brings it to a point of vegetation
before he sows it. " Having then weighed the quantity of seed
to be sown, and collected sand or fine mould in the proportion of
2 bushels to an acre, I mix the seed with the sand or mould
8 or 10 pounds to every 2 bushels, and this is done about a
fortnight or 3 weeks before the time I intend sowing ; taking
care to have the heaps turned over every day, sprinkling the
outside of them with water each time of turning over, that
every part of the sand heaps may be equally moist, and that
vegetation may take place alike throughout. I have great ad-
vantage in preparing the seed so long beforehand ; it is by this
means in a state of forward vegetation, therefore lies but a short
time in the ground, and by quickly appearing above ground, is
more able to contend with those numerous tribes of weeds in
the soil, whose seeds are of quicker vegetation." Suppl. &c.
The quantity of seed, when carrots are sown in rows, is 2
pounds per acre, and for broad-cast sowing 5 pounds. Bur-
rows sows 10 pounds per acre in the broad-cast manner.
The usual mode of sowing the carrot is broad-cast, but perhaps
the better mode would be to sow them in rows at 12 or 14 inches
asunder ; drawing the drills, and hoeing the intervals by any
suitable hoe. The most common practice, however, where car-
rots are best cultivated, is the hand or broad-cast method, the
seed being dispersed as evenly as possible over the land, after
the surface has been reduced to a very fine state of pulveri-
zation by harrowing, in order to provide a suitable bed for it
to vegetate in, being then covered in by means of a light
harrow. As the seed is not of a nature to be deposited with
much regularity by the drill, and as the young plants can be
easily set out to proper distances in the operation of hoeing,
this is probably the most appropriate method of putting such
sort of seed into the ground. And an additional proof of it
is indeed found in its being that which is almost universally
adopted in those districts where carrot-husbandry is practised
to the greatest extent. The dvill method, however, would save
much hand labour. The seed may either be deposited by the
drill-machine, or by furrows made with a hoe or other imple-
ments, burying the seed about an inch in depth, and harrowing
once.
The after culture gian to the carrot consists entirely of hoeing
and weeding. In Suffolk they are hoed generally 3 times in the
season. The first time, as soon as the plants can be distin-
guished from the weeds, which sh.iuld be done with a 3-inch
hoe. It is an operation that requires to be performed with great
attention, as it is extremely difficult to distinguish the young
carrots from the weeds. The second hoeing should be given in
3 or 4 weeks afterwards, according to the forwardness of the
crop ; it may be performed with common hoes, care being taken
to set out the plants at proper distances. From 8 to 15 inches
each way is the common distance, at which they are allowed to
stand ; and it has been proved by experience, that carrots which
grow at such distances always prove a more abundant crop than
when the plants are allowed to stand closer together. The
third hoeing is commonly made about the middle or end of June,
and in this, besides destroying the weeds, another material cir-
cumstance to be attended to, is to set the carrots at proper dis-
tances, and also wherever any have been left double at the for-
mer hoeings, to take the worst of the two plants aw-ay.
Carrots sown according to the plan of Burrows, are ready to
hoe within about 5 or 6 weeks. He hoes 3, and sometimes 4
times, or until the crop is perfectly clean. The first hoeing is'
with hoes 4 inches long, and 2-|- inches wide. The second hoe-
ing invariably takes place as soon as the first is completed, and
is performed with 6-inch hoes, by 2^ (nches wide. By this time
the plants are set ; the first time of hoeing nothing was cut but
the weeds. He leaves the plants 9 inches apart from each
other, sometimes they will be a foot or even farther asunder.
Carrots are generally taken up in the last week of October.
The operation is performed by 3-pronged forks. " I take up
in autumn a sufficient quantity to have a store to last me out
any considerable frost or snow that may happen in the winter
months. The rest of the crop I leave in the ground, preferring
them fresh out of the earth for both horses and bullocks. The
carrots keep best in the ground, nor can the severest frosts do
them any material injury; the first week in March it is neces-
sary to have the remaining part of the crop taken up, and the
land cleared for barley ; the carrots can either be laid in a heap,
with a small quantity of straw covered over them, or they may
be laid into some empty outhouse or barn, in heaps of many
hundred bushels, provided they are put together dry. This
latter circumstance it is indispensable to attend to ; for if laid
together in large heaps when wet, they will certainly sustain
UMBELLIFEILE. CXXXI. DAUCUS.
357
mucli injury. Such as I want to keep for the use of my horses
until the months of May and June, in drawing over the heaps
(which is necessary to be done the latter end of April, when the
carrots begin to sprout at the crown very fast,) I throw aside
healthy and most perfect roots, and have their crown cut com-
pletely oft', and laid by themselves ; by this means carrots may
be kept the month of June out in a high state of perfection."—
Burrows' Communications to the Board of Agriculture, vol. vii.
p. 72.
The storing of the whole crop of carrots, may be a desirable
practice when winter wheat is to follow them, in which case the
same mode may be adopted as for turnips or potatoes, but with
fewer precautions against the frost, as the carrot if perfectly dry
is very little injured by that description of weather.
The produce of an acre of carrots in Suffolk, according to
Arthur Young, is at an average 350 bushels ; but Burrows' crop
averaged upwards of 800 bushels per acre, which considerably
exceeds the largest crop of potatoes.
The uses to which the carrot is applied in Suffolk are various.
Large quantities are sent to the London markets, and also used
as food to different kinds of live stock. Horses are remarkably
fond of carrots, and it is even said when oats and carrots are
given together, the horses leave the oats and eat the carrots.
The ordinary allowance is about 40 or 50 pounds a day to each
horse. Carrots, when mixed with chaff, that is, cut straw, and
a little hay, keep horses in excellent condition for performing all
kinds of ordinary labour. The farmers begin to feed tlieir
horses with carrots in December, and continue to give them
chiefly that kind of provender till the beginning or middle of
May ; to which period, with proper care, carrots may be pre-
served. As many of the farmers in that country are of opinion,
that carrots are not so good for horses in winter as in spring,
they give only half the above allowance of carrots at first, and
add a little corn for a few weeks after they begin to use carrots.
The application of the carrot to the feeding of working cattle
and hogs, is thus detailed by Burrows : " I begin to take up the
carrot crop in the last week of October, as at that time I gene-
rally finish soiling my horses with lucern, and now solely depend
upon my carrots, with a proper allowance of hay, as winter
food for my horses, until about the first week of June following,
when the lucern is again ready for soiling. By reducing this
practice to a system, I have been enabled to feed 10 cart horses
throughout the winter months for these last 6 years, without
giving them any corn whatever, and have at the same time
effected a considerable saving in hay. I give them to my cart-
horses in the proportion of 70 pounds weight of carrots a horse
per day, upon an average, not allowing them quite so many in
the very short days, and sometimes more than that quantity in
the spring months, or to the amount I withheld in the short win-
ter days. The men who tend the horses slice some of the
carrots in the cut chaff of hay, and barn door refuse ; the rest
of the carrots they give whole to the horses at night, with a small
quantity of hay in their racks, and with this food my horses
generally enjoy uninterrupted health. 1 mention this, as I be-
lieve that some persons think that carrots only, given as food to
horses, are injurious to their constitutions ; but most of the pre-
judices of mankind have no better foundation, and are taken up
at random, or inherited from their forefathers. So successful
have I been with carrots, as a winter food for horses, that with
the assistance of lucern for soiling in summer, I have been
enabled to prove by experiments, conducted under my own per-
sonal inspection, that an able Norfolk team-horse, fully worked
two journeys a day, winter and summer, may be kept the entire
year round upon the produce of one statute acre of land. I
have likewise applied carrots with great profit to the feeding of
hogs in winter, and by that means have made my straw into a
most excellent manure, without the aid of neat cattle. The hogs
so fed are sold on Norfolk-hill to the London dealers as
porkers." The profits of carrots so applied, he shows in a sub-
sequent statement, together with an experiment of feeding four
Galloway bullocks with carrots, against four others fed in the
common way with turnips and hay. — Burrows' Communica-
tions, &c.
In comparing the carrot with the potatoe, an additional circum-
stance greatly in favour of the former is, that it does not require
to be steamed or boiled, and it is not more difficult to wash than
the potatoe. These, and other circumstances considered, it ap-
pears to be the most valuable of all roots for working horses.
The use of the carrot in domestic economy is well known. Their
produce of nutritive matter, as ascertained by Sir H. Davy, is
98 parts in 1000, of which 3 are starch, and 95 sugar. They are
used in the dairy in winter and spring to give colour and flavour
to butter. In the distillery, owing to the great proportion of
sugar in their composition, they yield more spirit than the
potatoe; the usual quantity is 12 gallons per ton. They are
excellent in soups, stews, and haricots, and boiled whole with
salt beef.
Medical qualities. — The seeds, especially of the wild variety,
have a moderately warm pungent taste, and an agreeable smell.
They are carminative, and are said to be diuretic. The roots,
especially of the cultivated variety, contain much mucilaginous
and saccharine matter, and are therefore highly nutritious and
emollient. When beaten to a pulp, they form an excellent ap-
plication to carcinomatous and ill-conditioned ulcers, allaying the
pain, checking the suppuration and fetid smell, and softening the
callous edges.
Common Carrot. Fl. Ju. Jul. Britain. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
11 D. MARI'TIMUS (Lam. diet. 1. p. 634. but not of With.)
stem elongated, smooth, and glabrous at the base, but scabrous
from tubercles above ; leaves glabrous : lower ones bipinnate ;
leaflets jagged : segments linear, acuminated ; leaves of involucra
pinnatifid, linear, acute ; of the involucels undivided ; prickles
about equal in length to the diameter of the fruit, which is
ovate. $ . H. Native of France, in sand, along the sea-shore ;
as well as along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, where it
is generally mixed with D. Carbta, but from which it is easily
distinguished. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 329. bot. gall. 1. p. 215.
Sea-side Carrot. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. ? PI. 1 to 2 feet.
12 D. GLABE'RRIMUS (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 244. t. 64.) stem
glabrous, or rather scabrous from small down ; leaves pinnate ;
leaflets cuneated, bluntly 3-5-lobed, glabrous ; leaves of invo-
lucra pinnatifid, acute, one half shorter than the umbels; invo-
lucels trifid or simple ; prickles about equal in length to the
breadth of the fruit, which is ovate. O- H. Native of the
north of Africa, near Tozzer, in woods of palm trees. Flowers
small, white.
Quite-glabrous Carrot. PL 1 to 2 feet.
1 3 D. GINGI'DIUM (Lin. spec. 348.) stem and petioles sca-
brous from scattered bristles ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets deeply
toothed, ovate : segments obtuse, mucronate ; leaves of invo-
lucra striated, pinnatifid, about equal in length to the umbels ;
prickles bristle -formed, equal in length to the breadth of the
fruit, capitately glochidate at the apex. $ . H. Native of Cor-
sica, on rocks by the sea-side, and probably of Sicily. D.
Mauritanicus, Salzm. exsie. — Gingidium, Math. ed. Valgr. 373.
f. 1. D. lucidus, Lin. £51. suppl. 179. ex Smith, in Lin. trans.
9. p. 133. — Bocc. mus. t. 20. Habit of D. Hispdnicus, but
differs in the fruit. FtyyiSiov, is a name employed by Diosco-
rides for an umbelliferous plant, but what plant is now un-
known.
Chervil-like or Shining-leaved Carrot. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1722. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
358
UMBELLIFERJE. CXXXI. DAUCUS.
14 D. HISPA'NICUS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 212.) stem hispid at
the base, branched, smoothish above ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets
smoothish, ovate, deeply toothed, thick, obtuse, somewhat mu-
cronate; leaves of involucra striated, pinnatifid, or trifid, shorter
than the umbels ; prickles stiffish, comb-formed, acute, and entire
at the apex, shorter than the diameter of the fruit. $ . H.
Native of Sicily, Italy, France, on rocks by the sea-side. In
the south of England, on the sea-coast, near Dover ; and in
Cornwall. D. gummifer, Lam. diet. 1 . p. 634. D. C. fl. fr. 4.
p. 328. 5. p. 512. Bert, amcen. ital. p. 136. D. maritimus,
With. brit. 290. Sowerb. engl. bot. t. 2560. but not of Lam.
D. Carota y, Smith, fl. brit. 300. D. Hispanicus, Gouan. ill.
p. 9. Leaflets dilated, with rounded segments, whose edges
and ribs are hairy. Bristles of fruit more flattened than in D.
Carota. Umbels convex when in seed, as in most of the species.
Spanish Carrot. Fl. Ju. Aug. England. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
15 U. PECTINA'CEUS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 212.) stem smoothish,
striated, rather scabrous at the apex ; leaves bipinnate, glabrous ;
leaflets ovate-lanceolate, pinnatifid : segments ovate-lanceolate,
acute ; leaves of involucra pinnatifid, about equal in length to
the umbels, which are many-rayed ; prickles simple, regularly
pectinated, shorter than the breadth of the fruit, which is ovate.
$ . H. Native country unknown. This species differs from
all the rest in the fruit.
Pectinated-fruited Carrot. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. ? PI. 2 to 3 ft.
16 D. MAURITA'NICUS (All. pedem. no. 1381. t. 61. f. 1.)
stem scabrous from retrograde bristles; leaves bipinnate, gla-
brous ; leaflets of the lower leaves lanceolate, deeply toothed :
of the superior leaves linear, acute ; leaves of involucra striated,
pinnatifid, shorter than the umbels ; prickles simple, acute, ex-
ceeding the breadth of the fruit, which is ovate. $ . H. Na-
tive in fields about Nice, and in the south of France, and of
Mauritania. D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 512. and probably of Lin.
spec. 848.
Var. ft, pteroclce'nus (D. C. prod. 4. p. 212.) leaves of the
involucels variable, some of them undivided ; and some, as the
outer ones, pinnatifid. $ . H. Native of Tauria, on the banks
of rivers.
Mauritanian Carrot. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1768. PI. 3 ft.
17 D. MA'XIMUS (Desf. fl. all. 1. p. 241.) stem scabrous, stri-
ated ; leaves bipinnate or tripinnate ; leaflets of the lower leaves
ovate, equally cut, with obtuse mucronate segments : of the
upper leaves linear, acute ; leaves of involucra pinnatifid, about
equal in length to the umbels ; prickles glochidate at the apex,
equal in length to the breadth of the fruit, which is ovate. Q.
H. Native of Mauritania, Sardinia, south of France, on the
borders of fields. Umbels large, radiating : having the central
flower abortive.
Largest Carrot. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
18 D. GUTTAVTUS (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 269. Smith,
prod. 1. p. 184.) stem hairy from spreading pili ; leaves bipin-
nate ; lower leaflets cuneated, pinnatifid, mucronate : superior
ones lanceolate, finely serrulated ; involucra shorter than the
umbels ; leaves of involucels membranous ; central flowers of
umbels abortive, and of a different colour from the rest. Q .
H. Native of the Grecian islands, and of Asia Minor.
Spotted Carrot. PI. 1 foot.
19 D. POLY'GAMUS (Gouan. ill. p. 9.) stem terete, nearly sca-
brous; leaves bipinnate, smoothish, but pilose beneath on the
nerves, as well as on the petioles; leaflets pinnatifid : segments
lanceolate-linear, acute ; leaves of involucra trifid or pinnatifid :
outer flowers of umbel abortive ; prickles acute, about equal in
length to the fruit, which is ovate. $ . H. Native of Spain,
and probably of Sicily, if the figure in Bocc. sic. t. 40. f. 3. ap-
pertain to this species. D. Carota ft, Pers. ench. exclusive of
the synonyme of Jacq. Fruit larger than those of D. Carota,
and the prickles are twice the length. Perhaps sufficiently dis-
tinct from D. Carota.
Polygamous Carrot. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 feet.
20 D. HI'SPIDUS (Desf. all. 1. p. 243. t. 63.) stem hispid from
spreading or deflexed hairs ; leaves bipinnate, rather villous ;
leaflets ovate, lobately toothed ; leaves of involucra pinnatifid,
shorter than the umbels ; prickles about equal in length to the
breadth of the fruit, incurved and glochidate at the apex. $ .
H. Native of the north of Africa, and the north of France,
near Dieppe and Treport, by the sea-side on rocks. D. C. fl.
fr. 4. p. 328. Bouch, fl. abb. p. 20. Spreng. in Schultes, syst.
6. p. 480. exclusive of the synonymes. The French plant is
probably the same as the Mauritanian one. Flowers reddish.
Hispid Carrot. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
21 D. GRANDIFLO'RUS (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 240. t. 59.) stem
pilose ; leaves tripinnate and quadripinnate ; leaflets trifid, linear,
cuspidate ; leaves of involucra pinnatifid, with subulate segments,
about equal in length to the radiating umbels ; prickles peltately
glochidate at the apex, exceeding the breadth of the fruit, which
is ovate. O- H. Native of Algiers, among corn. Flowers
like those of Orlaya grandtflora, and the leaves like those of D.
Mauri tdnicus, but differs in the prickles of the fruit being glo-
chidate at the apex.
Great-flowered Carrot. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
22 D. PUSI'LLUS (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 164.) stem his-
pid from retrograde pili at the base, and rather scabrous at top ;
leaves bipinnate, rather scabrous; leaflets cut into linear seg-
ments ; leaves of involucra pinnatifid, about equal in length to
the umbels, which are small; prickles -distinctly glochidate at the
apex, about equal in length to the breadth of the fruit, which is
ovate. $ . H. Native of Carolina, at St. John's and Savan-
nah, in dry places (Ell. sketch. 1. p. 349.); at the Red River
(Nutt. in litt.) ; in Pennsylvania, at Reading (Herb. Koch.),
Truly distinct from D. Carota.
Small Carrot. PI. 1 foot.
23 D. MICROPHY'LLUS (Presl. in herb. Hsenke, ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 213.) stem villous from soft retrograde hairs, especially at
the bottom ; leaves bipinnate, villous ; leaflets cut into linear
segments ; leaves of involucra pinnatifid, about equal in length
to the umbels, which are small and crowded ; prickles distinctly
glochidate at the apex, about equal in length to the breadth of
the fruit, which is ovate. Q.? £.? H. Native of the north-
west coast of America, at Nootka Sound ; Straits of De Fuca ;
Rocky places of the Grand Rapids of the Columbia ; and on
the plains of the Multnomak River. Very nearly allied to D.
pusillum, but the hairs on the stem are more numerous, longer,
soft, and not tubercular at the base ; and the fruit is a little
larger. v
Small-leaved Carrot. PI. 1 foot.
24 D. SETIFO'LIUS (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 244. t. 65.) stem
smooth, erect ; leaves decompound, pubescent ; leaflets many-
parted, opposite, somewhat verticillate : segments elongated,
filiform, very narrow ; leaves of involucra multifid ; fruit cylin-
drical, pubescent, ciliately echinated at the angles ; prickles
short, y.. H. Native of Mauritania, near Mascar, on uncul-
tivated hills. Central flowers abortive. Perhaps the same as
D. verticillatus, Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 272.
Bristle-leaved Carrot. PI. 3 feet.
25 D. AU'REUS (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 242. t. 61.) stem hispid
from spreading pili ; leaves glabrous, supra- decompound ; leaf-
lets multifid : segments linear-lanceolate, acute, with rather re-
volute edges ; leaves of involucra and involucels decompound,
reflexed ; prickles stiff, peltately glochidate at the apex, longer
than the diameter of the fruit, which is oblong. 0. H. Native
of Mauritania, in corn-fields near Mascar ; and of Sicily and
Calabria, in argillaceous soil ; and of Lycia. Flowers white,
UMBELLIFEILE. CXXXI. DACCUS.
359
but becoming yellowish on drying. Umbels of many rays.
Fruit yellow.
GWrfen-flowered Carrot. Fl. July. Clt. 1823. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
26 D. CRINI'TUS (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 242. t. 62.) stem rather
roughish from small, retrograde down ; leaves glabrous, pinnate;
leaflets multifid, somewhat verticillate : segments setaceous,
stiffish ; leaves of involucra many-parted at the apex ; prickles
bristle-formed, acute, and a little cleft at the apex, double the
length of the diameter of the fruit. 1£. H. Native of Mauri-
tania, near Tangiers, Mascar, Tlemsen, and on Mount Atlas.
Bristles of fruit purplish in Desfontaine's specimens, but yellow-
ish in those of Salzmann. Torilis crinita, Spreng. umb. spec.
141. D. meifolius, Brot. phyt. t. 36. is not distinct from the
present species.
Long-haired Carrot. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1804. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
27 D. HIRSU'TUS (Sibth. and Smith, fl. graec. t. 269. prod. 1.
p. 184.) stem hairy from spreading pili ; leaves bipinnate ; leaf-
lets lanceolate, finely serrulated ; leaves of involucra entire,
trifid, or pinnatifid, shorter than the umbels ; prickles of fruit
elongated, glochidate, and coloured. ©• H. Native in the
islands of the Archipelago and Asia Minor, frequent. Spreng.
umb. 143. Leaves of in volucels membranous. Flowers white :
central ones abortive. Prickles of fruit golden yellow.
Hairy Carrot. PI. 2 feet.
28 D. BI'COLOR (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 270. prod. 1. p.
184.) stem beset with spreading hairs ; leaves puberulous, bi-
pinnate ; leaflets multifid, with linear lobes ; leaves of involucra
trifid, longer than the umbels ; involucels membranous, on one
side; central flower discoloured. Q. H. Native of Asia
Minor.
Tmo-coloured-Rowered Carrot. PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
SECT. III. ANISA'CTIS (from aviaog, anisos, unequal, and O.KTIV,
aktin, a ray ; in allusion to the unequal rays of umbels). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 214. Carpophore undivided, or hardly bifidly emar-
ginate at the very top. Rays of umbels very unequal.
29 D. BRACHIA'TUS (Sieb. exsic. nov. holl. no. 1 1.5.) stem gla-
brous ; leaves bipinnate, smoothish : leaflets divided into linear
lobes ; leaves of involucra multifid, much shorter than the rays
of the umbel, which are unequal ; leaves of involucels simple,
much shorter than the pedicels ; prickles glochidate at the apex,
about equal in length to the breadth of the fruit, which is ob-
long. O-?H. ' Native of New Holland. Stem 2 or 3 from the
same root, about a foot high. Rays of umbels diverging much.
.Brac/nate-umbelled Carrot. PI. 1 foot.
30 D. TORILOI'DES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 214.) stem hispid from
deflexed hairs ; leaves bipinnate, scabrous ; leaflets divided into
linear lobes ; leaves of involucra multifid, much shorter than
the rays of the umbels, which are unequal and scabrous from
bristles ; leaves of involucra simple, much shorter than the pedi-
cels ; prickles stellately hooked at the apex, about equal in length
to the breadth of the fruit, which is oval-oblong. — Native of Peru,
on the mountains ; and of Mexico at Tolucco, and the Cordi-
leras de Guchilaque ; and probably of Chili and Caraccas. D.
montanus, Willd. rel. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 482. ? Torilis
Peruviana, Presl. in herb. Haenke. Habit of Torilis ; but dif-
fers from that genus in the albumen not being involute. Rays
of umbels shorter and less diverging than in the preceding
species.
Torilis-like Carrot. PI. 1 foot.
31 D. MONTEVIDE'NSIS (Hort. berol. ex Bernh. in herb.
Balb. D. C. prod. 4. p. 214.) stem, petioles, and under side of
leaves hispid from long, soft villi ; leaves bipinnatifid ; segments
divided into linear-subulate lobes; terminal umbels 5-7-rayed :
axillary ones 3-5 -rayed; rays unequal ; prickles of fruit glochi-
date at the apex. Q. H. Native of Monte Video. Leaves
of involucrum multifid, about equal in length to the umbel.
Petals obcordate.
Monte-Video Carrot. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1827. PI. 1 ft.
32 D. AUSTRA'LIS (Poeppig. pi. exsic. no. 97. diar. no. 330.)
stem simple, hispid ; hairs on the lower part of the stem de-
flexed ; leaves bipinnate, hispid ; leaflets multifid, with short
acute lobes; leaves of involucra multifid, almost exceeding the
umbels, which are crowded, and composed of few rays ; prickles
of fruit glochidate at the apex. O- H. Native of Chili.
Flowers small, golden yellow in the dried state. The whole
herb yellowish.
Southern Carrot. PI. 1 to 2 feet ?
t Species not sufficiently known.
33 D. ? CUMINOI'DES (Lam. ill. t. 192. f. 2. Poir. suppl. 2.
p. 118.) stem glabrous, flexuous ; leaves tripartite; segments
linear, very long, glabrous ; leaves of involucrum ternate, shorter
than the umbel, which is composed of few rays ; prickles
shorter than the breadth of the fruit, which is oblong. — Native
country unknown. Perhaps a species of Anthrlscus.
Cumin-like Carrot. PI. J foot.
34 D. SI'CULUS (Tineo, pug. sic. 1. p. 6.) stem erect, striated,
hispid ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate, deeply toothed ; teeth
obtuse, mucronate; petioles hairy ; leaves of involucrum pinna-
tifid, larger than the umbel. O- H. Native of Sicily. Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 628. Schrank, in fl. 1819. p. 383. Outer flowers
of umbels yellow : inner ones reddish. Fruit unknown.
Sicilian Carrot. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
35 D. PROLIFER (Presl, del. prag. 130.) stem erect, rather
dichotomous, furrowed, covered with retrograde hairs ; leaves
bipinnate ; leaflets cordate, pinnatifid, toothed ; leaves of invo-
lucrum entire, or deeply toothed ; primary umbel proliferous ;
pedicels and fruit very hairy. O- H. Native country un-
known, according to Gussone, prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 324. ; but
according to Presl, it is a native of Sicily, between Syracuse
and Catana, in sand by the sea-side. Perhaps the same as D.
Siculus.
Proliferous-umbe\\eA Carrot. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
36 D. ? AIA'TUS (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 118.) stem erect, fur-
rowed, hairy ; leaves glabrous, somewhat pinnate ; leaflets
broadly cut : segments bluntish ; petioles pilose ; leaves of in-
volucra pinnatifid at the apex, with linear segments ; rays of
umbel crowded, hispid ; ribs of fruit membranously winged,
spiny-toothed. I/ . H. Native of Barbary, in uncultivated
stony places by the sea-side.
Winged-fruited Carrot. PI. 2 feet ?
37 D. FCE'TIDUS (Rafin. fl. lud. 81.). — Native of Louisiana,
in pastures. Plant stinking. Roots white, ex Rob. voy. p. 461.
Fetid Carrot. PI. ?
38 D. RI'OIDUS (Hort. par.) "I These 2 species have not
39 D. MACROCA'RPUS (Hort. erf.) J been described.
Cult. All the species grow well in any common garden soil.
The seeds of them should be sown in spring.
SUBORDER II. CAMPYLOSPE'RMJE (from KapirvXog, kampylos,
curved, and awepp.u, sperma, a seed). D. C. prod. 4. p. 215.
Albumen involute, or marked by a longitudinal furrow or chan-
nel on the inner side.
Tribe XIII.
ELjEOSELI'NEjE (this tribe contains plants agreeing with
the genus Eleeoselinum in important characters) or CAMPYLO-
SPE'RMJE MULTIJUOA'TJE ALA'T^I. Koch, in litt. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 215. Fruit cylindrical, more compressed from the back than
from the sides. Mericarps with 5 filiform, primary ribs ; and 4
secondary ribs : the 2 dorsal ones of these last nerve-formed :
UMBELLIFER^E. CXXXII. ELJSOSELISUM. CXXXIII. CAUCALIS.
and the 2 lateral ones expanded into wings : having the margins
nerve or wing-formed. Seed involute, semi-lunar.
CXXXII. EL^EOSELrNUM (from eXata, elaia, an olive
tree, and <TC\IVOI>, selinon, parsley). Koch, in litt. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 215. — Laserpitium species, Desf. Thapsia species, Guss.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digy'nia. Margin of calyx hardly
5-toothed. Petals obovate, entire, with an inflexed point. Fruit
somewhat compressed from the back, nearly terete, 4-winged.
Mericarps with 5 filiform primary ribs : the 3 intermediate ones
dorsal, and the 2 lateral ones placed within the wings and the
nerve-formed margins : and 4 secondary ribs, the inner ones of
these last obtuse, and the 2 outer ones expanded into membran-
ous wings. Vittse under all the ribs abounding in oil, those under
the primary ribs slenderer and narrower than those under the
secondary ones ; and 4 in the commissure. Seed involute. —
Perennial herbs. Stems terete, glabrous. Leaves decompound
from the branched petioles. Umbels and umbellules of many
rays. Involucra and involucels of many linear-cuspidate leaves.
Flowers yellow. Carpophore undivided in E. meMes, but bi-
partite in E. thapsoides.
1 E. MEOI'DES (Koch, in litt. D. C. prod. 4. p. 215.) leaves
bipinnate, hispid on the petioles and nerves ; leaflets divided into
setaceous lobes. I/. H. Native of Mauritania, about Algiers
Tangiers ; and on grassy hills and valleys in Sicily. Laserpitium
meoides, Desf. fl. all. 1. p. 250. t. 69. Thapsia meoides, Guss.
prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 370. Peucedanum Siciliae foliis hirsutis
floribus luteis, J. Bauh. hist. 3. pt. 2. p. 37. ex Vaill. herb.
There are simple leaves at the base of the flowering branches.
Meum-iike Olive-parsley. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
2 H. THAPSOI'DES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 215.) leaves pinnate,
hardly velvety on the petioles and nerves ; leaflets pinnate-
parted, cuneated at the base : lobes oblong-oval, toothed : ulti-
mate one trifid. 7/ . H. Native of Mexico, about St. Angela.
Herb 6-7 feet high, with the habit of Thapsia Gargdnica.
Teeth of calyx nearly obsolete. Fruit a little smaller than in
E. meoides, but the rest of the plant is similar.
Thapsia-Me Olive-parsley. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1683. PI.
6 to 7 feet.
Cult. The plants will grow in any common garden soil ; and
are only to be increased by seed.
Tribe XIV.
CAUCALI'NE^l (this tribe contains plants agreeing with
Caucalis in important characters), or Campylospermae multiju-
gatae armatae, Koch, umb. p. 79. D. C. prod. 4. p. 216. Fruit
contracted from the sides or nearly terete. Mericarps with 5
filiform primary bristly or prickly ribs : the lateral ones placed in
the commissure, which is flat ; and 4 secondary more prominent,
prickly ribs, or they are obliterated from the copious prickles
covering the whole furrows. Seed involute or inflexed on the
margin. Caucalineee is allied on one hand to Daucmece, and on
the other to Scandicineee.
CXXXIII. CAU'CALIS (a named used by Hippocrates and
Theophrastes for an umbelliferous plant). Hoffm. umb. 54.
t. 1. f. 14. Koch, umb. p. 79. f. 14. D. C. prod. 4. p. 216.
Lin. Spreng. Lag.
LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Digy'nia. Teeth of calyx 5, ovate-
lanceolate. Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point :
outer ones radiating, profoundly bifid. Fruit somewhat com-
pressed from the sides. Mericarps with 5 filiform primary
bristly or prickly ribs : the 3 intermediate ones on the back and
the 2 lateral ones placed in the commissure, which is flat ; and
4 secondary more prominent ones, which are deeply cleft into a
simple series of prickles. Vittae one in each furrow, under the
secondary ribs, and 2 in the commissure, which is flat. Carpo-
phore stiff, cleft at the apex. Seed involute or inflexed on the
margin. — Herbs, with multifid leaves. Involucrum wanting, or
of 1 or 2 leaves. Leaves of involucels 3-8, lanceolate, spreading.
Flowers white ; those in the disk of the umbels male and sterile.
1 C. BAUCOI'DES (Lin. syst. nat. ed. 12. vol. 2. p. 204. mant.
351. but not of his species,) plant nearly smooth ; stem hairy at
the joints ; leaves repeatedly subdivided, with narrow deep
green segments ; umbels of 3 rays ; involucrum none ; involu-
cels 3-leaved ; umbellules ripening about 3 fruits ; prickles of
fruit hooked at the apex. O. H. Native of Middle and South
Europe, even to Tauria, Caucasus, and Persia, in corn fields on
a chalky soil. In England at Marliam, Norfolk ; Carlby, be-
tween Stamford and Bourn, Lincolnshire; Thorp Arch, York-
shire. Frequent in the counties of Oxford and Cambridge.
Jacq. fl. austr. t. 157. Smith, engl. bot. t. 197. Conium Royeni,
Lin. spec. 350. C. leptophylla, Huds. ed. 1. p. 99. Lam. diet.
1. p. 657. Schkuhr. handb. t. 61. Daucus leptophyllus, Scop,
earn. 1. p. 190. Ec-hinophor,a, Riv. pent. irr. t. 24. — Caucalis,
no. v. Bauh. pin. 132. Stem deeply furrowed. Leaves on short
membranous edged footstalks, 3-cleft at the base, then thrice
compounded. Petals generally reddish, but slightly radiant.
Carrot-like Bur-parsley. Fl. June. Britain. PI. 1^ foot.
2 C. LEFTOPHY'LLA (Lin. spec. p. 347.) stem glabrous or
rough from scattered retrograde hairs ; leaves decompound,
with linear-lanceolate acute segments ; umbels 2-3-cleft ; invo-
lucrum wanting ; prickles of fruit scabrous, hooked at the apex.
O- H. Native of Middle and South Europe, and of Mauritania
and the Levant, as well as of Caucasus. C. humilis, Jacq. hort.
vind. 2. t. 195. C. parviflora, Lam. diet 1. p. 657. Involucels
of 5 leaves. Peduncles stiff. Flowers pinkish.
Slender-leaved Bur-parsley. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1739. PI. 1ft.
3 C. GLOCHIDIA'TA (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 137 ) stem glabrous
above, but rough from retrograde bristles at the base ; leaves
pilose, decompound, with short linear segments ; involucra of 2
leaves; rays of umbel unequal, few; prickles of fruit glochi-
date at the apex. O- H. Native of Van Diemen's Land.
Scandix glochidiata, Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 75. t. 102. Caucalis
glochidiata, Spreng. umb. prod. p. 24. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 471.
Fruit ovate. The petals are said to be pilose on the outside.
Glochidate-priclded Bur-parsley. PI. 1 foot.
4 C. TENE'LLA (Delil. fl. eg. p. 58. t. 21. f. 3.) stem hispid
from adpressed retrograde hairs ; leaves decompound, hispid,
with linear-subulate setaceously-acute segments ; umbels 5-7-
rayed ; involucra wanting or of one leaf; prickles shorter than
the length of the fruit, which is oblong; furrows of fruit smooth.
O- H. Native about Alexandria, in stony places.
Slender Bur-parsley. PI. 1 foot.
t Species not sufficiently known.
5 C. MAURITA'NICA (Lin. spec. p. 347.) stem stiff, rough,
spreadingly branched ; leaves bipinnatifid, with linear-lanceolate
strigose segments ; peduncles bifid ; involucrum wanting ; invo-
lucels usually of 3 leaves ; umbellules 6-flowered. O- H. Na-
tive of Mauritania. Spreng. umb. spec. 143. Fruit somewhat
prismatic, having the 3 dorsal ribs prickly. The fruit under
this name in Willd. herb, does not differ from that of Daucus
muricdtus, but the description given by Linnaeus does not agree
with that plant.
Mauritanian Bur-parsley. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Pl.^ft.
6 C. STRIGOSA (Russ. beschr. alepp. ex Schultes, syst. 6. p.
473.) leaves pinnate, cut, pilose ; umbel of many rays ; leaves
of involucra and involucels membranous ; fruit glabrous, and
the bristles are lanceolate-subulate. O- H. Native about
Aleppo.
Strigose Bur-parsley. PI. 1 foot ?
7 C. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Forsk. segypt. descr. suppl. p. 206.)
UMBELLIFER.E. CXXXIV. TURGENIA. CXXXV. TORIUS.
361
leaves multifid, narrow ; involucra and involucels hispid, as well
as the fruit. — Native of Arabia, at Hadie.
Narrow-leaved Bur-parsley. PI. ?
Cult. The seeds may be sown either in autumn or spring.
CXXXIV. TURGE'NIA (from turgeo, to swell; fruit).
Hoffm. umb. p. 59. Koch, umb. 80. t. 16. D. C. prod. 4. p.
217. — Caucalis species, Lam. Lag. Spreng. — Tordylium species,
Lin. — Torilis species, Adans.
LIN. SYST. Pent dndria, Dig ijnia. Teeth of calyx 5, setaceous.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point : outer ones
radiating, bifid. Fruit contracted from the sides, rather didy-
mous. Mericarps with 5 primary ribs, and 4 secondary ones :
the lateral primary ones placed in the commissure, which is flat,
furnished with a simple series of muricse or prickles ; not as
in the rest of the ribs, which are furnished with 2 or 3 rows of
prickles each ; prickles all equal. Furrows under the secondary
ribs 1-vittate from both sides of the raphe. Carpophore setace-
ous, bifid. Seed involute. — Erect scabrous herbs. Leaves pin-
nate ; leaflets oblong, toothed. Umbels of few rays. Leaves
of involucra and involucels 3-5, ovate, concave, equal, with mem-
branous margins. Flowers white or rose coloured ; those in the
disk of the umbellules male and sterile.
1 T. LATIFOLIA (Hoffm. 1. c.) leaves pinnate ; leaflets deeply
pinnatifid or strongly serrated, the upper ones decurrent ; umbels
of 2-4, but usually of 3 long firm rays ; umbellules having the
flowers in the circumference alone fertile ; ribs of fruit beset
with double rows of straight purplish bristles ; the ribs in the
commissure bear acute tubercles, not bristles. O- H. Native of
Middle and South Europe, Mauritania, Greece, Caucasus, and Per-
sia, in corn fields. In England in fields on a chalky soil, but rare ;
in Cambridgeshire not uncommon. Caucalis latifolia, Lin. syst.
nat. ed. 12. vol. 2. p. 276. Smith, engl. hot. t. 198. Jacq. hoit.
vind. t. 128. — Mill. fig. t. 85. Garid. prov. t. 22. Tordylium
latifolium, Lin. spec. 345. Reich, spec. 1. p. 666. — Colum.
ecphr. 98. t. 97. f. 1. Broad Bur-parsley, Petiv. herb. brit. t.
27. f. 6. Broad-jagged Bur- parsley, Petiv. herb. brit. t. 27. f.
7. Herbage rough, rather glaucous. Stem beset with minute
ascending prickles. Teeth of calyx broad, short, spreading.
Petals bright pink ; those in the circumference of the umbellules
twice as large as the rest. The plant varies much in stature,
in the leaves, and in the colour of the flowers, which are some-
times white. This is one of the most striking and handsome of
our native umbelliferous plants.
Broad-leaved Turgenia. Fl. July. Britain. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
2 T. MULTIFLORA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 218.) leaves ternate above
the sheath ; leaflets pinnatifid ; umbels of 4 or 5 rays ; ribs of
fruit in the commissure bearing true prickles. Q. H. Native
of fields about Constantinople. Fruit more ovate than in the
preceding species, 6-8, not 2-3 in each umbellule ; and all parts
of the plant are much more robust.
Many-flomered Turgenia. Fl. July. PI. 3 feet.
3 T. HETEROCA'RPA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 218.) leaves pinnate ;
leaflets oblong, deeply toothed; umbels of 6- 10 rays; mericarps
of fruit dissimilar, having the secondary ribs in both tooth-
less. Q. H. Native of Persia, in the district of Khoi, in corn
fields ; and of the Levant, between Bagdad and Kermancha.
Habit and flowers very similar to those of T. latifolia. Outer
mericarp of fruit having the 3 dorsal primary ribs ornamented
with 2-4 broad prickles each, and the lateral ribs filiform and
toothless : the secondary ones hardly distinct, or a little toothed ;
the inner mericarp has the primary ribs all toothless, but the
dorsal 3 are larger than the lateral ones : and the secondary ribs
are hardly distinct. Albumen involu te
Variable-fruited Turgenia. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. See Caucalis above for culture and propagation.
VOL. in.
CXXXV. TORTLIS (a name employed by Adanson, and
maintained by Gaertner. It probably, like many of Adanson's
words, has no meaning). Spreng. umb. prod. p. 24. Hoffm. umb.
49. t. 1. f. 18. Lag. am, nat. p. 95. Koch, umb. p. 80. t. 15.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 218. — Torilis species, Adans, Gaertn. Mcench.
— Tordylium, Caucalis, and Scandix species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx 5, trian-
gular-lanceolate, acute, permanent. Petals obovate, emarginate,
with an inflexed point : outer ones of the umbellules larger than
the central ones and bifid. Fruit contracted from the sides.
Mericarps with 5 bristly primary ribs : the 3 intermediate ones
on the back, and the 2 lateral ones placed in the commissure,
which is flat ; the secondary ribs beset with copious prickles,
which occupy the whole furrows, having one vitta under each
secondary rib below the prickles. Carpophore setaceous, bifid.
Seed with an inflexed margin. — Herbs, with multifid leaves, be-
set with short adpressed hairs, which are retrograde on the
stems, and erect on the rays of the umbels. Umbels opposite
the leaves. Involucra of 1-5 leaves ; involucels of 5-8 lanceo-
late ciliated leaves. Flowers white, those in the disk of the um-
bellules male and sterile. Prickles of fruit hair-formed, usually
hooked at the apex.
SECT. I. EcTORi>Lis(fromti', eu, well, and Torilis; this section
is considered to contain the true species of the genus). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 218. Fruit covered with stiff prickles, which are
usually hooked at the apex.
1 T. MICROCA'RPA (Bess. cont. enum.no. 1362.) stem branch-
ed ; leaflets linear-cut, outer ones not elongated ; umbels on long
peduncles, 7-10-rayed ; leaves of involucra and involucels seta-
ceous ; fruit ovate ; prickles much shorter than the fruit, in-
curved. Q. H. Native of the Ukraine and the south of Podolia.
Torilis Ukranica, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 485. Invo-
lucels as in T. Anthriscus, equal in length to the umbellules.
Small-fruited Hedge-parsley. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
2 T. ANTHRI'SCUS (Gmel. fl. bad. 1. p. 613.) umbels on long
peduncles of from 5 to 10 close rays; leaves of involucra and
involucels several, awl-shaped ; fruit covered with incurved
bristles. O- H. Native of Europe and Caucasus, in hedges
and on the borders of fields, very common ; plentiful in Britain
in like situations. Caucalis Antlmscus, Scop. fl. earn. no. 311.
Huds. angl. p. 114. Smith, engl. bot. t. 987. Fl. dan. t. 919.
Curt. lond. fasc. 6. t. 22. Tordylium Anthriscus, Lin. spec. 346.
Jacq. fl. austr. t. 261. Torilis rubella, Mcench, meth. p. 103.
Caucalis aspera a, Lam. diet. 1. p. 656. — Riv. pent. irr. t. 32.
— Bauh. pin. 153. prod. 80. with a figure. Stem rough from
deflexed hairs. Leaves bipinnate, pinnatifid, and sharply cut,
rather soft than harsh to the touch ; the lowermost one much
more compound than the others. Flowers small, either white
or flesh-coloured ; the exterior ones only a little irregular or
radiant.
Anthriscus or Upright Hedge-parsley. Fl. July, Aug. Bri-
tain. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
3 T. NEGLE'CTA (Schultes, syst. 6. p. 484.) stem and branches
erect ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, cut ; the terminal one hardly
longer than the rest; umbels on long peduncles of from 7 to 10
rays ; involucrum wanting. O- H. Native of Sardinia, Ger-
many, &c. in fields and on the margins of woods. Scandix in-
festa, Jacq. fl. austr. 1. 46. Caucalis infesta, Vest. ench. p. 495.
ex Schultes. Peduncles longer and the fruit larger than in T.
infesta. Flowers white.
Neglected Hedge-parsley. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI.
1| foot.
4 T. INFE'STA (Hoffm. umb. p. 89. Spreng. prod. 24.) stem
erect, much branched ; leaves pinnatifid, deeply cut, and some-
times almost bipinnate : the terminal leaflets elongated ; umbels
3 A
362
UMBELLIFER^E. CXXXV. TORILIS.
on long peduncles, of from 3 to 5 or 7 rather close rays ; involucra
wanting or of one leaf, which, like the leaves of the involucels,
which are numerous, is lanceolate and acute ; prickles exceeding
the breadth of the fruit. ©. H. Native of Europe, in fields,
and by way sides ; plentiful in Britain in like situations. T.
Helvetica, Gmel. fl. bad. 1. p. 617. D. C. prod. 4. p. 219.
Caucalis Helvetica, Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 16. Caucalis arv6n-
sis, Huds. aug. 113. Caucalis infesta, Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 6. t.
23. Smith, engl. bot. 1314. Scandix infesta, Lin. syst. nat. ed.
12, vol. 2. p. 732. Caucalis segetum, Thuill. par. ed. 2. p. 136.
Caucalis aspera /3, Lam. diet. 1. p. 656. Caucalis humilis, Riv.
pent. irr. t. 33. — Hall. hist. 1. p. 325. no. 742. Flowers cream-
coloured or pure white. A very distinct species, well marked
by the deficiency of the involucra, and by the spreading branches.
Var. a, divaricnta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 219.) stem branched,
divaricate. 0. H.
Var. /3, anthriscoides (D. C. prod. 4. p. 219.) stem sparingly
branched, or almost simple, tall ; branches erect. O- H. This
appears to be a variety intermediate between T. infesta and T.
anthriscus, and is probably the T. Anthriscus, Spreug. exclusive
of the synonymes.
Var. fi, purpurea (D. C. 1. c.) leaflets hardly elongated. ©.
H. Native of the south of Europe. Torilis purpurea, Ten.
append. 4. p. 12. Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 325. In the speci-
mens examined of this variety, the flowers are white, and the
prickles of the fruit are more or less coloured. Perhaps a pro-
per species.
Troublesome or Spreading Hedge-parsley. Fl. July. Britain.
PL | to 1^ foot.
5 T. HETEROPHY'LLA (Guss. prod.fl. sic. 1. p. 326.) stem erect,
sparingly branched: segments of leaves linear-lanceolate, cut;
outer or terminal one not elongated : upper ones linear, entire ;
umbels on long peduncles of 2-3 rays ; involucra almost want-
ing; prickles equal in length to the breadth of the fruit. O- H.
Native of Sicily, Corsica, and south of France. Caucalis lineari-
folia, Requien, in litt. 1815, The fruit in this species is very
variable in form and size, as in T. nodosa.
Variable-leaved Hedge-parsley. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot.
6 T. AFRICA'NA (Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 486.) umbels
on long peduncles, bifid ; involucrum wanting ; prickles shorter
than the breadth of the fruit. Q. H. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Caucalis Cap6nsis, Lam. diet. 1. p. 651. C. Afri-
cana, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 256. Athamantha Capensis, Burm. fl.
cap. prod. 7. Habit of C. Anthriscus.
African Hedge-parsley. PI. 1^-foot.
7 T. CHLOROCA'RPA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 898.) stem branched,
rather puberulous ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets or segments lan-
ceolate, pinnatifidly serrated ; umbels on long peduncles, 7-8-
rayed ; involucra usually of only one leaf; bristles coloured,
rather soft, scabrous, glochidate at the apex, rather longer than
the diameter of the fruit. O- H. Native of the Canary
Islands.
Green-fruited Hedge-parsley. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
8 T. NODOSA (Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 82. t. 20. f. 6.) umbels
nearly sessile, glomerate, lateral, simple ; stems prostrate ; in-
volucra of several linear hairy leaves ; the outer mericarps of
each external fruit thickly clothed with long, straight, pale,
rough bristles, minutely hooked at the tops ; the inner, as well
as the interior fruits covered with dense, whitish, shining, tuber-
cular granulations. O- H. Native of Europe and the Levant,
on banks, and about the borders of fields ; most plentiful in a
gravelly or chalky soil ; plentiful in Britain. The plant is also
to be met with in Chili and Peru, but has probably been trans-
ported thither. Caucalis nodosa, Huds. angl. 114. Smith, engl.
bot. t. 199. but not of All. Tordylium nodosum, Lin. spec. 346.
Jacq. aust. append, t. 24. Caucalis nodiflora, Lam. diet. 1. p.
656. — Riv. pent. irr. t. 36. — Mor. oxon. sect. 9. t. 14. f. 10.
Stem rough from reflexed bristles. Leaves a deep glaucous
green, hairy, bipinnate, and sharply cut, with very narrow toler-
ably uniform segments. Petals white or reddish, hardly at all
radiating or unequal. This plant is very different from Chcero-
phyllum nodosum, of which it is said to be a synonyme by
Sprengel in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 485. The Caucalis Hispanica,
Lam. 1. p. 658. appears to be referrible to this from the descrip-
tion ; and Caucalis lappulacea, Pceppig. diar. no. 356. pi. exsic.
p. 96. does not differ from this.
Knotted Hedge-parsley. Fl. May, June. Brit. PI. prostrate.
9 T. JAPONICA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 219.) stem smoothish, terete,
branched ; leaves pubescent, bipinnate ; leaflets oblong, pinna-
tifid; umbels pedunculate, axillary, and terminal, 5-7-rayed ;
involucra and involucels of a few short subulate leaves ; meri-
carps oblong; bristles of fruit stiff, hooked at the apex. O- H.
Native of Japan. Caucalis Japonica, Houtt. pfl. syst. 8. p. 42.
t. 45. f. 1. Upper branches and rays of umbel angular, beset
with upright hairs.
Japan Hedge-parsley. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
10 T. SCA'BRA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 219.) stem smoothish, terete,
branched ; leaves pubescent, pinnate ; leaflets oblong, pinnatifid,
much acuminated ; umbels terminal, and opposite the leaves,
5-7-rayed, sometimes without an involucrum ; leaves of invo-
lucels subulate ; mericarps oblong, covered with stiff bristles,
which are hooked at the apex. — Native of Japan. Chaerophyl-
lum scabrum, Thunb. fl. jap. 119.
Scabrous Hedge-parsley. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
11 T. TUBERCULA'TA (Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 486.)
plant glabrous ; branches twiggy ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets
linear, quite entire ; involucra and involucels wanting ; hairs of
fruit hardly hooked. — Native of Syria. Caucalis tuberculata,
Poir. suppl. 2. p. 137. Styles tubercular at the base; hence the
name. Fruit the size of that of T. microcdrpa.
Tubercular-fruited Hedge-parsley. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817.
PI. 1 foot.
12 T. ELA'TA ; hispid, erect, branched ; involucrum of many
leaves ; fruit ovate, very hispid from stiff bristles ; leaves supra-
decompound ; leaflets lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid : outer ones
elongated. ©. H. Native of Nipaul, on the mountains. Cau-
calis elata, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 183. Caucalis coniifolia,
Wall. cat. mss. Umbels of 8-10 rays. Involucrum of 6-8
linear-subulate leaves.
Tall Hedge-parsley. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
SECT. II. TRICHOCARP^A (from 0p<£ rp«x°C> l^rix trichos, a
hair, and rapTroc, karpos, a fruit ; in allusion to the fruit being
covered with long soft hairs). D. C. '•prod. 4. p. 220. Fruit
covered with very long, soft, setaceous, crowded, spreading,
coloured hairs, which are not hooked at the apex.
13 T. TRICHOSPE'RMA (Spreng. umb. spec. 142.) stem nearly
erect ; branches smoothish ; leaves bipinnate, rough from ad-
pressed hairs ; leaflets pinnatifid, acute ; umbels on long pe-
duncles, 3-6-rayed ; involucrum wanting ; involucels of 2-3-
subulate leaves. 0. H. Native of Egypt, ex Lin. ; and of
Syria, at Tripoli. Scandix trichosperma, Lin. mant. 57. Chae-
rophyllum trichospermum, Lam. diet. 1. p. 685. but not of
Schultes. Anthriscus trichosperma, Pers. ench. 1. p. 685. but
not of Schultes. Bristles of fruit painted with rufous or violet
colour.
Hair-seeded Hedge-parsley. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824.
PL 1 foot.
Cult. Sow the seeds in the open ground.
Tribe XV.
SCANDICI'NE.3i (this tribe contains plants agreeing with
UMBELLIFERjE. CXXXVI. SCANBIX.
363
Sctindix in many important characters), or Campylospermae
paucijugatse, elon»at£e, Koch, umb. p. 130. Sprengel in Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 42. D. C. prod. 4. p. 220. Fruit evidently com-
pressed or contracted from the sides, usually beaked. Mericarps
with 5 filiform ribs, now and then winged : lateral ones marginat-
ing ; all equal ; and sometimes all are obliterated at the base, and
only evident at the tops. Seed teretely convex, having a pro-
found furrow in front, or with the margins somewhat involute.
CXXXVI. SCA'NDIX (Greek name of an eatable plant, but
what plant is unknown). Gsertn. fruct. 2. p. 33. t. 85. D. C. fl.
fr. 4. p. 291. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 37. Koch, umb. p. 132.
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 201. D. C. prod. 4. p. 220. — Scandix and
Wylia, Hoffm. — Scandix species, Lin.
LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete,
or somewhat 5-toothed. Petals obovate, truncate or emarginate,
usually furnished with an inflexed point. Fruit somewhat com-
pressed from the sides, having a very long beak ; mericarps with
5 blunt equal ribs: lateral ribs marginating; furrows without
vittae, or with obsolete ones. Carpophore undivided, or forked
at the apex. Seed teretely convex, with a deep furrow in front.
— Annual herbs, with terete, rather striated stems, and bi-pinnate
leaves, having the leaflets divided into linear lobes. Umbels of
few rays. Involucra wanting, or of one leaf. Umbellules of
few rays ; involucels of 5-7 leaves. Flowers white.
SECT. I. PE'CTEN (from pecten, a comb ; beaks of fruit like
the teeth of a comb). Duby in D. C. bot. gall. 1. p. 240. D.C.
prod. 4. p. 221. — Scandix, Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 23. Beak of
fruit compressed from the back. Petals nearly equal. Carpo-
phore setaceous, undivided.
1 S. PINNATI'FIDA (Vent. hort. eels. t. 14.) leaves of invo-
lucels divided into linear lobes ; umbels of few rays, fasciculate;
fruit scabrous in the seminiferous part. Q. H. Native of the
Levant, between Bagdad and Kermancha ; and of Persia, in the
province of Aderbeidjan, between Amadan and Teheran ; also of
Tauria and Iberia. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 229. suppl. 235. Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 505. S. Stella, Russ. alep. Stem and leaves gla-
brous, or hardly pilose. Leaves multifid, with slender segments.
Perhaps S. parvirlora, Retz, pug. 12. Schultes, syst. p. 502. is
referrible to this species.
Pinnatifid-lezved. Shepherd's-needle. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1805. PI. l.foot.
2 S. PE'CTEN-VE'NERIS (Lin. spec. 368.) leaves of involucels
jagged ; fruit nearly smooth, with a bristly edged beak. Q. H.
Native of Europe, Levant, north of Africa and Teneriffe, in cul-
tivated fields, common ; plentiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot.
t. 1397. Curt. lond. 5. t. 21. Mart. rust. t. 38. Fl. dan. 844.
Jacq. austr. t. 263. S. Pecten, Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 24. t. 1. f.
22. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 501. Chacrophyllum Pecten- Veneris,
Crantz, austr. p. 189. Chserophyllum rostratum a, Lam. diet.
1. p. 685. Myrrhis Pecten- Veneris, All. pedem. no. 1376. —
Riv. pent. irr. t. 38. Pecten- Veneris, Matth. valgr. 1. p. 481.
with a figure. Cam. epit. 304. with a figure. Stem furrowed,
smooth, or rather hairy, often purplish. Leaves pale green,
triply pinnatifid : with linear acute smooth segments. Umbels
simple, solitary or in pairs, over-topped by the broad jagged
leaves of the involucels. Flowers in some degree radiant. Petals
inflexed at the point. This is sometimes a troublesome weed,
to which, though slightly aromatic and acrid, no particular use is
attributed. Dioscorides, indeed, mentions it as eatable, but his
SravSi£ may not be ours.
Common Shepherd's-needle, Venus' s-comb, or Needle Chervil.
Fl. June, Sept. Britain. PI. 1 foot.
3 S. BRACHYCA'RPA (Guss. ind. sem. 1825. prod. sic. 1. p.
350.) involucrum wanting ; leaves of involucels entire ; umbels
of few rays ; fruit glabrous in the seminiferous part ; beak hardly
twice the length of the seed. Q. H. Native of Sicily, on the
Nebrodes ; and of Syria. This is an intermediate plant between
the two sections of the genus from habit ; but the beak of the
fruit is compressed from the back, not from the sides. Leaves
ternately decompound, glabrous : lobes short. Stem hardly a
hand high. Fruit 10 lines long.
Short-fruited Shepherd's-needle. PI. to
f foot.
SECT. II. WY'LIA (named in memory of Sir James VVylie, M.D.
president of the Medico-Chirurgical Academy of Petersburg!),
and first physician to the emperor of Russia). Duby in D. C.
bot. gall. 1. p. 240. D. C. prod. 1. c. Wylia, Hoffm. umb. 1.
p. 3. t. 2. Beak of fruit compressed from the sides. Carpo-
phore bifid at the apex. Petals radiant.
4 S. AUSTRA'LIS (Lin. spec. 569.) leaves of involucels ovate,
acute, a little toothed, erect, somewhat convolute around the
pedicels ; radiant petals obovate, entire, exceeding the others a
little; fruit scabrous in every part ; stem glabrous below. Q-
H. Native of the south of Europe, in corn fields and sterile
places. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 202. Sibth and Smith, fl. grsec. t.
285. Myrrhis australis, All. pedem. no. 1377. Chaerophyllum,
australe, Crantz. umb. 76. Chaerophyllum rostratum /3, Lam.
diet. 1. p. 685. Wy'lia australis, Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 5. t. 2.
f. 1. Col. ecphr. 1. t. 90. Sheaths of leaves and petioles usually
pilose.
Southern Shepherd's-needle. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1713. PI.
I foot.
5 S. FALCA'TA (Lond. journ. mosc. 1. p. 87. t. 5. ex Hoffm.)
leaves of involucels obovate, bluntly bidenlate, ciliated, with
membranous margins ; radiant petals obovate, somewhat emar-
ginate ; fruit rather falcate, scabrous from bristles ; stem and
petioles pilose; umbels glabrous. O- H. Native of Tauria,
frequent. S. australis /3, Bieb. suppl. 424. Wy'lia radians,
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 504. ?
/a/crtte-fruited Shepherd's-needle. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1817.
PI. | foot.
6 S. APICULA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 221.) leaves of involucels
oval, acutely mucronate or bidentate, with membranous ciliated
margins ; radiant petals oblong- obovate, entire or bifid, with an
acute recess ; fruit scabrous from bristles ; stem and petioles
pilose; umbels glabrous. O- H. Native of the Levant. Very
like S.falcata, but differs in the involucels being mucronate and
acute ; in the styles being long, and at length diverging ; in the
lower leaves being on longer petioles, and in the plant being
smaller.
j4piculated-fruheH Shepherd's-needle. PI. ^ foot.
7 S. GRANDIFLORA (Lin. spec. 369.) leaves of'involucels ovate,
obtuse, somewhat denticulated, with membranous ciliated mar-
gins ; radiant petals somewhat obcordate, with an obtuse recess ;
fruit bristly ; stem and leaves hairy. Q. H. Native of Greece,
Tauria, and Iberia, in fields ; also of Dalmatia, if S. hirsuta of
Biasoletto, collected at Lossin-Piccolo, be the same. Scandix
orientalis flore maximo, Tourn. cor. p. 23. Chaerophy'llum
grandiflorum, Lam. diet. 1. p. 686. Wy'lia grandiflora, Hoffm.
umb. l.p. 15. t. 2. f. 3.
Var. (3, glabrcita (D. C. prod. 4. p. 222.) stem and leaves gla-
brous. 0. H. Native of the Levant, about Bagdad. Rays of
umbel forming almost a straight angle : lateral ones bearing 12-
15 fruit, and the terminal ones 5-6, the rest abortive. Invo-
lucels spreadingly deflexed, rather ciliated. Perhaps a proper
species, or a variety of S.falcata.
Great-homered Shepherd's-needle. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818.
PI. 1 foot.
8 S. IBE'RICA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 230.) leaves of involucels
ovate, somewhat bidentate, with rather membranous ciliated
margins ; radiant petals obcordate, with an acute recess ; fruit
3 A 2
364
UMBELLIFERjE. CXXXVII. ANTHRISCCS.
scabrous from bristles ; stem furnished with one row of hairs ;
umbels glabrous. Q. H. Native of Iberia, in corn fields, and
in gravelly places ; and of Persia, in the province of Aderbeidjan,
at Seidkhodzi and Badalan. Wy'lia Iberica, Hoffm. umb. 1. p.
i9. t. 2. f. 4. Fruit nearly 2 inches long, scabrous in the semi-
niferous part, having the beak compressed and scabrous at the
angles ; the rest smooth.
Iberian Shepherd's-needle. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 ft.
t Species not sufficiently known.
9 S. GILA'NICA (S. G. Gmel. itin. 3. p. 304. t. 31. f. 2.)
stems branched, striated ; fruit smooth. — Native of the north of
Persia. Gmel. syst. veg. 486.
Gilan Shepherd's-needle. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. Sow the seeds in the open ground.
CXXXVII. ANTHRI'SCUS (a name given by Pliny to a
plant resembling Scdnd'tx). Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 38. Koch, umb.
131. f. 57-60. D. C. prod. 4. p. 222.— Chserophy'llum, Lag.
am. nat. 2. p. 98. but not of Hoffm. — Cerefolium, Hall. —
Scandix and Chserophy'llum species, Lin. — Chaerophy'llum,
My'rrhis, and Anthriscus species, Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obovate, truncate or emarginate, with an inflexed point,
which is usually very short. Fruit contracted from the sides,
beaked ; the beak shorter than the seed. Mericarps nearly
terete, without any ribs, the beak alone 5-ribbed. Carpophore
bifid at the apex. Seed teretely convex, having a deep furrow
in front. — Perennial, biennial or annual herbs. Stems terete,
striated or furrowed. Leaves decompound, with usually linear
slender segments. Umbels opposite the leaves or terminal.
Involucrum wanting. Involucels of many leaves. Flowers
white. The fruit varying in many of the species, either naked
or furnished with a whorl of hairs at the base, resembling a col-
lar. (Koch, in litt.)
* Perennial species.
1 A. TORQUA'TA (Duby, in D. C. bot. gall. 1. p. 239.) gla-
brous ; stem rather striated ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets ovate-
lanceolate, coarsely and deeply toothed ; leaves of involucels
deflexed, lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated; umbels terminal; rays
glabrous ; outer petals radiant ; fruit shining, girded by a series
of small bristles at the base. 7/ . H. Native of the Alps of the
south of Provence and Piedmont. Chaerophy'llum torquatum,
D. C. fl. fr. suppl. 505. My'rrhis bulbosa, All. pedem. no.
1373. exclusive of the synonymes. My'rrhis torquata, Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 514.
CWfarcd-fruited Rough Chervil. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
2 A. SICULA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 223.) stem glabrous, striated ;
leaves ternately decompound ; sheaths and involucra ciliated ;
leaflets ovate, pinnatifid: lobes oblong, deeply toothed, bluntish;
fruit oblong, glabrous, smooth, girded by a series of bristles or
hairs at the base. If. . H. Native of Sicily, in woods and shady
groves. Chperophy'llum Siculum, Guss. prod. 1. p. 352.
Var. ft, scabra (I). C. 1. c.) fruit scabrous from tubercles, par-
ticularly on one side. If. . H. Native of Sicily.
Sicilian Rough Chervil. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
3 A. CICUTA'RIA (Duby, in D. C. bot. gall. 1. p. 239.) plant
smoothish ; leaves ternate, then pinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid, un-
equal at the base ; segments lanceolate, bluntly toothed ; umbels
opposite the leaves and terminal ; rays numerous, glabrous ;
petals hardly emarginate, outer ones radiant ; fruit ovate-oblong,
smooth, naked at the base. I/. H. Native of the Alps of
Dauphiny and Switzerland, &c. in humid places ; also of Vol-
hynia and Podolia, in woods. Chaeropliy'llum cicutaria, Vill.
dauph. 2. p. 644. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 506. Anthriscus hu-
milis, Bess. enum. p. 13. no. 358. Chaerophy'llum daucifolium,
Desf. cat. hort. par. 1828. Leaves membranous, glabrous ;
leaflets broad. Involucels of 5 deflexed leaves, with ciliated
margins. Flowers either white or red.
Cicuta-like Rough Chervil. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1810. PI. 1^ ft.
4 A. SYLVE'STRIS (Hoffm. umb. 40-46. t. 1. f. 19. p. 210. t.
I . B, f. 1 7.) stem branched, striated, the lower part downy ;
leaves triply pinnate ; leaflets ovate, pinnatifid, rough edged :
extreme ones elongated ; umbels smooth, terminal ; involucels
of 5 ovate fringed deflexed leaves ; styles short, hardly diverg-
ing ; fruit lanceolate, with a deep channel on each side, smooth.
!{,. H. Native throughout the whole of Europe, even to Cau-
casus, in hedges and the borders of pastures and fields, in a
rather fertile soil, very common ; plentiful in Britain. Chaero-
phy'llum sylvestre, Lin. spec. 369. Smith, engl. bot. t. 752.
Curt. lond. fasc. 4. p. 25. Mart. rust. t. 96. Jacq. austr. t. 149.
Riv. pent. irr. t. 44. Hayn. arz. gew. 1. t. 33. Cerefolium, no.
748. Hall. helv. 1. p. 328.— Moris, hist. 3. p. 303. sect. 9. t.
II. f. 5. Cicutaria vulgaris, Raii. syn. p. 207. My'rrhis,
Fuch's hist. 524. t. 525. Flowers white. Petals unequal in
the marginal flowers, which alone are prolific. Perhaps A. pro-
cerus, Bess. enum. pi. volh. 13. no. 359. is referrible to this
species. The whole herb having the flavour of carrots, is eaten
by domestic cattle, and is reported to be very grateful to rabbits.
7'he snow white flowers, some of the earliest of their tribe,
plentifully adorn the hedges and bushy margins of fields in
spring, and announce the approach of summer. J. Bauhm men-
tions instances of two families being poisoned by eating small
quantities of the root.
Var. ft, tenuifdlia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 223.) plant glabrous ;
leaves finely cut. I/. H. Native of the Alps of Dauphiny.
Chaerophy'llum alpinum, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 462.
Var. y, pilosula (D. C. mem. soc. gen. vol. 4.) petioles and
nerves of leaves hispid from hairs beneath. 1£. H. Native
country unknown, but grown in gardens under the name of
Chaarophy'llum angustum.
Var. S, scdbrida (Spreng. umb. prod. 4. p. 223.) fruit rather
scabrous. 2/ . H. Native of Germany and Italy. Chsero-
phy'llum Magellense var. a, Tenore, prod. fl. neap, append. 4.
p. 15. exclusive of variety ft, which is a synonyme ofA.nemo-
rosa, according to Koch.
Wild Chervil or Smooth Cow-parsley. Fl. April, May. Bri-
tain. PI. 3 feet.
5 A. NEMOROSA (Spreng. umb. prod. 27.) stem striated,
branched, glabrous ; leaves triply pinnate : leaflets pinnatifid :
segments broad-lanceolate, acute ; petioles pilose ; umbels ter-
minal, and opposite the leaves ; leaves of involucel ciliated ;
fruit ovate, short, muricated, and girded by a circle of hairs at
the base. If.. H. Native of Caucasus and Kamtschatka.
Chserophy'llum nemorosum, Hoffm. umb. 45 and 210. t. 1. ft,
f. 19. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 2. p. 390. The whole
herb is very like A. sylvestris, but the fruit is more ovate and
shorter, and always more or less echinated.
Var. ft, lucida (D. C. prod. 4. p. 223.) fruit somewhat muri-
cated on one side; lobes of lower leaves blunter. If.. H. Chse-
rophy'llum lucidum, Desf. cat. hort. par. 1828.
Grove Chervil. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1810. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
* * Annual species.
6 A. CEREFOLIUM (Hoffm. umb. 41. 47. t. 1. f. 21. p. 210. t.
1. ft, f. 26.) herb pale green, shining, delicate, and tender ; stem
a little hairy at the joints, only striated ; leaves twice pinnate,
cut, with channelled footstalks ; umbels either axillary or oppo-
site the leaves, sessile, of 3-5 pubescent rays ; fruit somewhat
furrowed, not ribbed, oblong-linear, smooth. O- H. Native
of the south of Europe. In Britain, near Worcester ; in great
UMBELLIFERyE. CXXXVII. ANTHRISCUS. CXXXVIII. CHJEROPHYLLUM.
365
plenty on a bank near Halesworth, Suffolk; frequent near Glas-
gow ; but probably an outcast of gardens. Scandix cerefolium,
Lin. spec. p. 368. Smith, engl. hot. t. 1268. Jacq. austr. 390.
Hayn. arz. gew. 7. t. 14. Berg. act. nov. soc. dronth. 1788. vol.
2. p. 496. Cerefblium sativum, Bess. gall. 1. p. 218. Chaero-
phy'llum cerefolium, Crantz. austr. 191. Chaerophy'llum sativum,
Bauh. pin. 152. Gsertn. fr. 1. p. 107. Lam. diet. 1. p. 684.
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 520. Smith, engl. fl. 1. p. 48. Chaerofolium
sativum, Trag. hist. 471. with a figure. Cerefolium, Riv. pent,
irr. t. 43. Cam. epit. p. 302. with a figure. Gingidium, Fuschs,
hist. 217. t. 216. Flowers slightly radiant. This herb is much
used in France for salads, anJ is mentioned as a pot-herb by
Gerarde, though now little regarded. The leaves are frequently
used in soups, especially by the Dutch. Geoffroi relates, that
he has found it from experience of remarkable service in dropsy.
Haller, who is copious on the properties of chervil, has no
opinion of it in dropsy; but thinks it may be of service in ob-
structions of the bowels, in external haemorrhoides, &c. Chervil
is not admitted in our practice, and has almost disappeared from
our kitchens and tables.
Far. ft, trichospe'rma (Koch, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 224.)
stem weak, glabrous ; leaves ternately decompound or triply
pinnate; leaflets coarsely 5-7-toothed : segments bluntish ; um-
bels opposite the leaves, pedunculate ; rays few, glabrous ; fruit
oblong-linear, muricated from short down ; styles short, erect.
O- H. Native of Pannonia. Chaerophy'llum trichospermum,
Schultes, oestr. fl. 2. 1. p. 504. but not of Lam. Anthriscus
trichosperma, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 525. but not of Pers. Chae-
rophy'llum trichospermum, Bess, in litt. Allied to A. cerefb-
lium, but very different from Torilis trichosperma. Perhaps a
variety of Scandix cerejblium, with scabrous fruit, ex Jacq. and
Bieb, and therefore Chaerophy'llum nemorosum, Jacq. appertains
to this plant.
Garden Chervil. Fl. June. Britain. PI. l£ foot.
7 A. FUMARIOIDES (Spreng. uvnb. prod. 27.) plant quite gla-
brous ; stem striated, branched ; leaves ternately supra-decom-
pound ; leaflets pinnatifid : segments linear, remote, cut, ciliated;
umbels terminal ; leaves of involucels reflexed, not ciliated ;
fruit oblong-linear, scabrous. $ . H. Native of Croatia, on
calcareous mountains. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 525. Scandix fu-
marioides, Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 3. p. 219. t. 224.
Petals white, oblong, cuneated. Fruit oblong, echinated with
stiff short hairs. Styles shdtt, parallel, erect. Perhaps the
same as Chasrophy'llum divaricatum, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 343. and
Chaerophy'llum tuberculosum, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 342. or An-
thriscus tuberculata, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 527. ?
Fumitory-like Chervil. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1810. PL 1 to 2 ft.
8 A. VULGA'RIS (Pers. ench. 1. p. 320.) stems smooth and
polished ; leaves triply pinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid ; segments
short, obtuse, their edges, ribs, and stalks a little hairy ; sheaths
ciliated ; umbels on rather short stalks, opposite the leaves,
smooth ; fruit ovate, covered with numerous short ascending in-
curved bristles, and tipped with a smooth pyramidal angular
beak, scarcely half its own length. O- H. Native throughout
Europe, even to Tauria, in cultivated grounds. In Britain, on
banks and waste grounds, chiefly near large towns. Scandix
Anthriscus, Lin. spec. 368. Smith, engl. bot. t. 818. Curt. lond.
fasc. 1. t. 19. Mart. rust. t. 75. Jacq. austr. t. 154. Caucalis
Scandix, Scop. earn. no. 312. Caucalis scandicina, Roth, fl.
germ. 1. p. 121- D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 334. Fl. dan. 863. Chaero-
phy'llum Anthriscus, Lain. diet. l.p. 685. Anthriscus Caucalis,
Bieb. fl. taur. no. 574. Anthriscus vulgaris, Hoffm. umb. 43.
47. t. 1. f. 24. p. 211. t. 1. ft. f. 27. Koch, umb. 132. f. 59,
60. — Riv. pent. irr. t. 35. — Column, ecphr. 110. t. 112. Invo-
lucra wanting ; involucels of 5-6 ovate-lanceolate leaves, with
fringed margins. Flowers small, white, all uniform. Leaves
of a most beautiful light green when young. The whole herb
has a sweetish aromatic flavour, approaching to the garden
chervil, to which it is in habit very nearly allied. Stem swelled
under each joint.
Common Beaked-parsley. FL May. Britain. PL 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. All the species are of the most easy culture, and will
grow in any soil and situation.
CXXXVIII. CHAEROPHY'LLUM (from Xcupo,, chairo, to
rejoice, and (j>v\\ot>, phyllon, a leaf; in reference to the smell of
the leaves). Hoffm. umb. 1. p. S3. Koch, umb. 130. f. 61-63.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 224. — Chaerophy'llum species, Lin. — Chaero-
phy'llum and My'rrhis species, Spreng. — My'rrhis species, Lag.
LIN. SYST. Pent&ndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit with-
out a beak, compressed or contracted from the sides. Meri-
carps with 5 obtuse equal ribs : lateral ribs marginating. Com-
missure with a deep furrow. Vittae one in eacli furrow of the
mericarps between the ribs. Carpophore bifid. Seed teretely
convex, the transverse section semilunar. — Perennial, biennial,
or annual herbs. Leaves decompound ; leaflets toothed or mul-
tifid. Involucra none, or of few leaves. Involucels of many
leaves. Flowers white, sometimes rose colour.
SECT. I. PHYSOCAU'LIS (from <j>vtra, physa, a bladder, and
KdiAtc, kaulis, a stem ; in allusion to the stems being tumid at
the joints). D. C. coll. diss. 5. p. 59. prod. 4. p. 225. Fruit
subcylindrical, somewhat attenuated at the apex, covered by
stiff, compressed, angular bristles : having the ribs obtuse and
much depressed. Styles short, straight. — Annual.
1 C. NODOSUM (Lam. diet. 1. p. 685.) stem fistular, tumid at
the joints, scabrous ; leaves triternate ; leaflets cut ; fruit hispid.
O- H. Native from France to Tauria, in hedges. Scandix
nodosa, Lin. spec. p. 369. Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 25. Anthris-
cus nodosa, Spreng. umb. prod. 27. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 526.
Torilis macrocarpa, Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 83. t. 25. Torilis tu-
mida, Moench, metli. — Moris, oxon. sect. 9. t. 10. f. 4. Flowers
white.
Knotted-stemmed Cicely. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1656. PL
1 to 1 £ foot.
SECT. II. BRACHY'STYLIS (from ftpa^e, brachys, short, and
irruXoc, stylos, a style ; in reference to the short styles). D. C.
coll. diss. 5. p. 59. prod. 4. p. 225. Fruit glabrous, and evi-
dently ribbed. Styles very short, straight. Annual. Umbels
of few rays.
2 C. PROCU'MBENS (Lam. diet. 1. p. 685.) stems smoothish,
decumbent ; sheaths of petioles and leaves of involucels ciliated;
leaves bipinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, pinnatifid, with bluntish
lobes; umbels bifid, few-flowered, without involucra. 0. H.
Native of Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Maryland, in humid
shady places. Scandix procumbens, Lin. spec. 369. Myrrhis
procumbens and M. bifida, Spreng. prod. 2. p. 2.0. Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 516. Chaerophyllum bifidum, Willd. herb. — Morr.
oxon. sect. 9. t. 11. ultimate figure. Flowers small, white.
Fruit 3 lines long. Herb slender, smoothish.
Var. ft, Boscii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 225.) stem rather hairy,
erectish ; leaves tripinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid ; segments short,
bluntish; umbels of 2-3 rays. Q. H. Native of Carolina.
Stem a foot or a foot and a half high, contracted at the nodi in
the dried state. Involucra of 1 or 2 multifid leaves ; involucels
of 5 ovate entire leaves. Fruit 3 lines long, without any beak.
Mericarps with 5 ribs, and one vitta in each furrow. Styles 2,
very short. Chaerophyllum articulatum, Bosc, in herb. Vent.
Procumbent Cicely. PL procumbent.
3 C. viLtostM (Wall. cat. no. 558.) stem erect, the base beset
366
UMBELLIFER.E. CXXXVIII. CHJEROPHYLLUM.
with retrograde liairs, and the top with spreading ones; leaves
rather pilose, pinnate ; leaflets bipinnatifid : lobules short, acut-
ish ; umbels of 3-4 rays, without any involucra. 0.H. Na-
tive of Nipaul, on the mountain called Chandaghiry. Herb 2
feet high, branched, very hispid at the base. Involucels of 3-4
linear acute leaves. Fruit a little shorter than the pedicels.
Styles short, straight.
Villous Cicely. PI. 2 feet.
SECT. III. EUCH.EROPHY'LLUM (from ev, eu, well, and clicero-
phyllum; this section is supposed to contain the true species of
the genus). D. C. prod. 4. p. 225. Fruit glabrous, evidently
ribbed. Styles more or less diverging — Perennial or biennial
plants.
* Biennial plants.
4 C. COLORA'TUM (Lin. mant. p. 57.) root simple, fusiform;
stem terete, and is as well as the petioles pilose ; leaves ter-
nately decompound: leaflets pinnatifid, divaricate; involucels
glabrous, yellow. $ . H. Native of Dalmatia. Jacq. hort.
vind. 1. t. 51. Myrrbis colorata, Spreng, in Schultes, syst. 6.
p. 515.— Pink. aim. 1. 100. f. 5.— Moris, oxon. sect. 9. t. 10. f.
6. Root yellowish. Flowers yellow. Styles short, diverging.
Hairs on the stem usually deflexed.
Coloured Cicely. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1806. PI. li foot.
5 C. PRESCOTTII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 225.) root unknown; stem
beset with retrograde hairs below, but glabrous above ; leaves
supra-decompound, the lower ones pilose at the petioles : supe-
rior ones glabrous : leaflets multifid : lobes linear ; leaves of in-
volucels cuspidate and glabrous ; styles hardly diverging ; fruit
cylindrical.— Native of Altaia. Very like C. bulbosum, but the
styles are hardly diverging, and erectish on the fruit, which is
much slenderer and longer.
Prescott's Cicely. PI. 1| foot.
6 C. BULBOSUM (Lin. spec. p. 370.) root turbinate ; stem
beset with retrograde hairs at the bottom, and glabrous at the
top ; leaves supra-decompound ; lower ones pilose at the pe-
tioles : superior ones glabrous ; segments multifid, linear ; leaves
of involucels glabrous, cuspidate ; styles short, divaricate. <$.
H. Native of Alsatia, Germany, Siberia, Dahuria, even to
Persia, in humid parts of woods. Jacq. fl. austr. t. 63. Hayn.
arz. gew. 1. t. 32. Scandix btilbosa, Roth, germ. 1. p. 123.
Myrrhis bulbosa, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 513. Horn. fl.
dan. t. 1768. — J. Banh. hist. 3. p. 183. with a figure.— Plench.
icon. t. 207. Perhaps the same as C. verticillatum, hort. paris,
ex Pers. Root not bulbous, but tuberous and turnip-formed.
Stem usually tumid at the nodi, spotted at the base. Leaves
triply pinnate, finely cleft. Flowers white. The roots taken
up early in the spring are eaten boiled, with oil and vinegar.
Gmelin affirms both these and the seeds to occasion vertigoes ;
but certainly this is not true, at least of the fresh root, many
persons having eaten of that with impunity.
j5«/6owjf-rooted Cicely. Fl.Ju. July. Clt. 1726. PI. 3 to 6 ft.
7 C. TEMULE'NTUM (Lin. spec. 370.) root spindle shaped, sub-
divided ; stem solid, striated, rough with short deflexed hairs,
and spotted with dark purple, swelled under each leaf like most
of the other species ; leaves dark green, hairy, twice pinnate ;
leaflets pinnatifid or lobed ; umbels of many unequal hairy seeds ;
involucra wanting, of one leaf, rarely of several ; involucels of
several ovate pointed leaves, which are finely fringed at the
margins and keel, occasionally confluent at the base ; seeds fur-
rowed, nearly smooth. $ . H. Native of Europe, in bushy
places, and under hedges, common ; plentiful in Britain. Jacq.
austr. t. 65. Fl. dan. 918. Smith, engl. bot. 1521. Curt. lond.
fasc. 6. t. 24. Hayn. arz. gew. t. 34. — Scandix temula, Roth, fl.
germ. 1. p. 22. C. temulum, D. C. prod. 4. p. 126. Scandix
nutans, Mccnch, meth. p. 101. Myrrhis temula, Gsertn. fruct.
1. p. 23. t. 10. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 514. Myrrhis temulentum,
Smith, engl. fl. 1. p. 51. C. aureum, Lin. mant. p. 356. but
not of his spec, according to Smith in Lin. trans. 10. p. 339. —
Myrrhis, Riv. pent. irr. t. 49. — Moris, hist. 9. p. 308. sect. 9.
t. 10. f. 7. Cerefolium sylvestre, Raii. syn. 207. Anthriscus
Plinii, Dalesch. hist. 791. with a figure. Wild Chervil, Petiv.
herb. brit. t. 25. f. 3. Flowers white, numerous, very slightly
irregular, partly barren ; those of the circumference principally
fertile. Fruit linear, crowned with the short recurved styles.
The whole plant is sweetish and aromatic, acceptable to domes-
tic cattle, nor is any intoxicating quality recorded, notwithstand-
ing the specific name. The herbage is often mildewed. Linnaeus
asserts that all the flowers are perfect, which does not accord
with Haller's account, nor with our English specimens.
Intoxicating or Rough Cicely, or Rough Cow- parsley. Fl.
June, July. Britain. PI. 3 feet.
* »
Perennial species.
8 C. MONOGYNUM (Kit. ex Link, enum. 1. p. 281.) stem quite
glabrous ; leaves decompound ; leaflets lanceolate, deeply ser-
rated, having the middle nerve and margins hairy ; leaves of in-
volucra and involucels ciliated. If.. H. Native of Hungary.
C. angulatum, Kit. According to Link and Koch, this is a very
distinct plant from Anthriscus sylvestris, although it has been
joined to it by Sprengel. Perhaps C. ciliatum, Kit. in Schultes,
syst. is the same, and probably C. nitidum, Wahl. fl. carp. p.
85. It is perhaps only a variety of C. aureum.
Monogynous Cicely. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1810. PI. 3 feet.
9 C. AU'REUM (Lin. spec. p. 370. but not of his mant.) stem
solid, branched, angular, striated, downy, with copious short de-
flexed hairs, intermixed with more or less numerous coarser
bristles ; leaves decompound : the stem ones remarkable for
their tapering leaflets, with numerous fine sharp parallel seg-
ments, their surfaces hairy or smooth ; fruit in the early state
club-shaped, when ripe linear, crowned with the lengthened
spreading styles ; seeds linear, of a tawny yellow, each with 3
prominent obtuse permanent ribs, which are often roughish up-
wards, as well as the furrows ; involucra wanting, or of very few
leaves; leaves of involucels ovate-lanceolate, pointed, reflexed,
coloured. I/ . H. Native of Middle Europe, among the moun-
tains. In Scotland between Arbroath and Montrose ; and at
Corstorphine near Edinburgh, on the borders of fields. Smith,
engl. bot. 2103. Jacq. austr. t. 64. Myrrhis aurea, Spreng.
prod. 29. and in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 511. Smith, engl. fl. 1. p.
52. exclusive of the synonymes of Willd. Scandix aurea, Roth,
germ. 1. p. 123.— Lob. icon. t. 734,. Ger. emac. 1039. — Moris,
hist. 3. p. 301. sect. 9. t. 10. f. 2.— Rupp. gen. ed. Hall. 282.
t. 5. Joints of stem more densely hairy than the other parts,
and a little swelled, crowned by the narrow annular base of
each petiole. Flowers cream coloured, slightly irregular, the
barren ones numerous, with only globose rudiments of styles.
Stylopodia somewhat depressed, and considerably wrinkled.
GWrfen-seeded Cicely. Fl. June, July. Scotland. PI. 3 ft.
10 C. MACULA'TUM (Willd. enum. suppl. 15.) stems smoothish,
angular, spotted ; leaves supra-decompound, pilose ; leaflets
lanceolate, deeply serrated, attenuated at the apex ; fruit mutic,
coloured, 6 times longer than broad. I/ . H. Native of the
south of Europe, but the particular places are not known. It
differs from C. aureum, to which it has been joined by Sprengel,
in the stem being spotted and smooth, and in the fruit being
twice the length.
Spotted-stemmed Cicely. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1810. PI. 3 ft.
11 C. MILLEFOLIUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 226.) stem and pe-
tioles hispid from pili ; leaves many-parted ; leaflets linear-fili-
form, glabrous, distant ; involucrum of one leaf ; leaves of invo-
UMBELLIFEIU3. CXXXVIII. CKUEROPHYLLUM.
367
lucels deflexed, subulate at the apex, and ciliated with wool at
the base, longer than the umbellules. I/ . H. Native of Cau-
casus, at the base of the mountains. C. tenuifolium, Stev. in
Hoffm. umb. p. 180. and 212. t. 1. f. 33. but not of Poir.
Myrrhis millefolia, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 519. Scandix
millefolia, Willd. herb. C. roseum var. ft, Bieb. suppl. 239.
Myrrhis orientalis mei folio semine brevi, Tourn. cor. 22. Chae-
rophyllum brachycaVpum, Bieb. in Hoffm. umb. 212. ? Fruit
ovate, short. Styles short, diverging. Flowers white. Leaves
as fine as Caraway leaves.
Millef oil-leaved Cicely. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818. PI. 1
to 1-J foot.
12 C. ROSEUM (Stev. mem. mosc. 3. p. 260. Bieb. fl. taur. no.
582.) stem and petioles hispid, and rather pilose ; leaves many-
parted : leaflets pinnatifid, glabrous ; segments linear, approxi-
mate; involucra generally of one leaf ; leaves of involucels nu-
merous, deflexed, subulate at the apex, ciliated at the base,
woolly, longer than the umbellules. If. . H. Native of Caucasus
and Iberia, in mountain meadows. Leaves as finely cut as those
of the carrot. Petals of a fine rose colour, not ciliated as in C.
hirsutum. Myrrhis rosea, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. C. p. 519.
Fruit not seen.
.Rose-coloured-flowered Cicely. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1817.
PI. 1 to lifoot.
13 C. HU'MILE (Bieb. suppl. 240.) stems aggregate, declinate,
equal, pubescent ; leaves decompound ; leaflets pinnatifid ; seg-
ments oblong, very short ; involucra of 1 or 2 leaves ; involucels
usually of 5 leaves, which are ciliated and margined with white.
If.. H. Native of Iberia, at the river Ksani. Myrrhis humilis,
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 519. Flowers white.
Humble Cicely. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 foot.
14 C. HY'BRIDUM (Ten. fl. neap. prod. 66.) stem glabrous,
striated, rather scabrous ; leaves tripinnate ; leaflets lanceolate-
oblong, deeply serrulated ; segments acuminated, smoothish
above, rather hispid beneath ; leaves of involucra and involucels
ovate, acuminated, ciliated with long hairs ; petals glabrous ;
styles divaricate. I/ . H. Native of the kingdom of Naples,
in the woods of Magella. Flowers white.
Hybrid Cicely. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822. PI. 3 feet.
15 C. HIRSU'TUM (Lin. spec. 371.) stem fistular, beset with
deflexed hairs ; leaves ternately decompound, nearly naked ;
leaflets ovate-cordate, acute, pinnatifid : segments deeply ser-
rated ; petals usually ciliated ; styles stiff, diverging, straight,
permanent. If. . H. Native of the temperate parts of Europe,
as in Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Carniola, in mountain
groves. Jacq. fl. austr. t. 148. Scandix hirsuta, Scop. earn,
no. 350. Myrrhis hirsuta, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 510.
— Riv. pent. irr. t. 51.— J. Bauh. hist. 3. pt. 2. p. 182. f. 2.—
Moris, hist. p. 304. sect. 9. t. 10. f. 6. Petals white, with the
ciliac sometimes deciduous or almost wanting. Involucels of 5
lanceolate acuminated leaves. Leaves sometimes hairy on the
veins beneath.
Var. ft, glabralum (Lam. diet 1. p. 683.) stem and leaves
smooth. }/ . H. Native of more humid places than the species.
C. cicutaria, Murr. bot. 60. but not of Vill. C. pallescens,
Presl. in helv. Balb. Petals ciliated.
Var. y, elegans (Schleich. cat. 1821.) stem hairy; leaves pu-
bescent ; leaflets and segments elongated. 1J. . H. Native of
the Alps of Switzerland. Ch. Elegans, Gaudin, fl. helv. 2. fr.
364. Ch. hirsutum subverticillatum, Schleich. cat. and exsic.
no. 40.
Var. S, rubriflorum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 227.) flowers of a rosy
purplish colour, y.. H. Native of Switzerland, Savoy, Ger-
many, Carniola, &c. in meadows on the higher mountains.
Hairy Cicely. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. PI. 1^ foot.
16 C. MAGELLE'NSE (Tenor, prod. fl. neap, append. 4. p. 15.
var. ft, exclusive of variety a,) stem beset with retrograde hairs,
especially at the base ; leaves pubescent, many-parted ; leaflets
oblong, pinnatifid ; lobes acute, deeply toothed, lanceolate ;
petals a little ciliated ; fruit cylindrical ; styles stiff, permanent,
diverging. "H.. H. Native of the kingdom of Naples, on Mount
Magella. The specimen received from Tenore under this name
is nothing but Anthriscus sylvestris var. y ; but another speci-
men has been sent by him to Moricand in flower and fruit,
which differs from C. hinutum in the fruit being longer and
thicker.
Magella Cicely. Fl. May, June. PI. 3 feet.
17 C. CALA'BRICUM (Guss. in act. reg. soc. borb. ex litt.
1828.) stem finely pubescent ; leaves doubly dissected ; leaflets
broad, ovate, somewhat cordate, acute, deeply toothed, puberu-
lous along the nerves, the rest glabrous ; sheaths of leaves and
leaves of involucels glabrous, hardly ciliated ; petals subciliated ;
styles erect. If . H. Native of Calabria, on the mountains
about springs and rivulets. In habit the plant is intermediate
between C. hirsutum and C. aromaticum.
Culabrian Cicely. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
18 C. AROMA'TICUM (Lin. spec. 371. Jacq. fl. austr. t. 150.)
stem striated, round, and hairy in the lower part, but smooth
upwards, slightly tumid and angular below each joint; leaves
biternate, large, on narrow-winged footstalks ; leaflets stalked,
broad, ovate or elliptic-oblong, acute, sharply and finely ser-
rated, both sides nearly smooth, the serratures minutely fringed;
umbels smooth ; involucra occasionally of a few lanceolate
pointed leaves ; involucels of several ; fruit linear, smooth,
crowned by the long, slender, spreading styles. If . H. Native
of Greece, Turkey, Hungary, Poland, Silesia, Austria, &c. In
Scotland, near Guthrie, by the road leading from Forfar to
Arbroath. Scandix tinctoria, Scop. earn. no. 351. Myrrhis
aromatica, Spreng. prod. 28. Smith, engl. fl. 1. p. 52. Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 509. — Riv. pent. irr. t. 53. — Bocc. mus. 29. t. 19.
Herb when bruised somewhat aromatic ; but the seeds, accord-
ing to Jacquin, have scarcely any flavour. Scopoli says, they
stain the fingers when rubbed with a brownish red. Flowers
numerous, white, the external ones fertile.
Aromatic Cicely. Fl. June. Scotland. PI. 3 feet.
19 C. ANGELIC^EFOLIUM (Bieb. suppl. 1. p. 240.) stem and
petioles pubescent ; leaves ternately divided, somewhat bipin-
nate ; leaflets ovate-cordate, coarsely serrated. I/ . H. Native
of the Levant and Iberia. Myrrhis aromatica, Schultes, syst. 6.
p. 509. Myrrhis orientalis, &c. Tour. cor. 22. Ch. aromati-
cum, Lin. spec. 371. ? C. aromaticum, ft, Pers. ench. no. 12. Ch.
orientate, Willd. herb, ex Stev. obs. mss. Very like C. aroma-
ticum, but differs in the lower leaflets being cordate-ovate, in the
tipper ones being lanceolate, and in the uppermost ones being
linear-subulate. The root is said to be tuberous by Tournefort.
Angelica- leaved Cicely. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 ft.
•j" Species not sufficiently known.
20 C. ARBORE'SCENS (Lin. spec. 1. p. 371.) stem frutescent;
leaves supra-decompound, smooth ; involucels present only ;
flowers all fertile. t?.H. Native of Virginia. This species
is very doubtful.
Arborescent Cicely. Shrub.
21 C. CAPE'NSE (Thunb. prod. p. 51. fl. cap. 2. p. 204.) stem
terete, glabrous ; leaves triternate, rather hairy ; leaflets rather
remote, linear-lanceolate, somewhat trifid, cuspidate ; involucels
glabrous: fruit obversely pyramidal, a little beaked, acutely 5-
ribbed ; styles permanent, reflexed. — Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Myrrhis Capensis, Spreng. umb. spec. p. 132.
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 513.
Cape Cicely. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1810. PL 1| foot.
22 C. ? ARISTA TUM (Thunb. fl. jap. 119.) stem terete, gla-
368
UMBELLIFER./E. CXXXIX. CALDASIA. CXL. SPHALLEROCARPUS. CXLI. MOLOPOSPERMUM.
brous ; leaves ternately decompound, rather hispid on both sur-
faces ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, pinnatifidly cut ; fruit rather
strigose ; styles permanent, divaricate. — Native of Japan.
Myrrhis aristata, Spreng. umb. spec. 133. Schultes, syst. 6. p.
512. Said to be allied to Urosporum dulce, and probably a
species of that genus.
Amned Cicely. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
23 C. MI'NIMUM (Vand. in Roem. script, p. 56.) stems nume-
rous, hairy ; radical leaves flat on the ground, biternate, hairy ;
leaflets somewhat 3-lobed, cut ; involucra wanting ; involucels
usually of about 7 leaves. — On the mountains about Milan.
Vittm. suppl. p. 369. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 524. Moretti sus-
pects this to be nothing but a variety of C. hirsutum.
Least Cicely. PI. ^ foot.
24 C. TENUIFOLIUM (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 342. but not of Stev.)
plant glabrous ; leaves decompound ; leaflets finely cut, acute ;
fruit nearly glabrous, profoundly ribbed. — Native of the kingdom
of Morocco. Myrrhis tenuifolia, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 520.
Fine-leaved Cicely. PI. 1 to 2 feet?
Cult. All the species are of the most easy culture, and will
grow in any soil.
CXXXIX. CALDA'SIA (in honour of J.Caldas, a naturalist
of Santa Fe de Bogota). Lag. am. nat. 1821. no. 2. p. 98. obs.
apar. p. 26. and diss. in litt. D. C. coll. diss. 5. p. 60. t. 2. f.
1. but not of Willd. nor Muds.- — Myrrhis, Knntli, nov. gen.
amer. 5. p. 13. t. 419. but not of Koch.
LIN. SYST. Penidndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals oval, with an entire subinvolute point, pilose on the
outside. Fruit somewhat compressed from the sides, ovate-
oblong, crowned by the short diverging styles. Mericarps with
5 obtuse prominent ribs, 3 dorsal, and 2 marginating ; vittae one
in each furrow, which are broad, flat, and striated. Commissure
furrowed in the middle. Carpophore bipartite. Seed teretely
convex, somewhat convolute at the commissure. — Puberulous or
hairy tufted herbs, not above 2 or 4 inches high. Leaves tri-
pinnately multifid ; segments lanceolate-linear, acute. Scapes
erect, pubescent. Umbels simple, containing about 20 flowers,
surrounded by involucra composed of about 20 leaves each,
which are oblong-lanceolate. Flowers white, some male, and
others female. — This genus, from the seed and fruit, is allied to
Scdndix; but differs from ChoErophyllum in the umbels being
simple, in the ribs of the mericarps being distant, and in the fur-
rows being broad.
1 C. ANDICOLA (Lag. in litt. D. C. coll. mem. 5. t. 2. f. j.
1-3.) the plant is either wholly glabrous or puberulous ; pedicels
smoothish, a little longer than the involucrum. %. F. Native
of South America, in grassy plains at Antisana, at the height of
6000 to 7000 feet. Myrrhis Andicola, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 5. p. 13. t. 419. Plant dwarf, tufted, deep green,
but becoming blackish on drying. Umbels 10-12-flowered.
Scapes hardly twice the length of the leaves. Kunth's specimen
is less than that of Dombey's, and more glabrous ; but the hairs
of the scapes in both are deflexed. Pedicels glabrous.
Andes Caldasia. PL 2 to 3 inches.
2 C. ERIOPODA (D. C. 1. c. f. j. 4-5.) the whole plant is
clothed with hoary pubescence ; pedicels tomentose or hairy,
much longer than the involucrum. I/ . F. Native of New Hol-
land, where it was collected by D'Urville. Scape 4 times longer
than the leaves. Leaves of involucrum oval-oblong. Fruit
quite glabrous, seated on very hairy pedicels.
Woolly-pedicelled Caldasia. PI. 2 to 3 inches.
•f Species not sufficiently known.
3 C. CII^ROPHYLL^A (Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 98. and in litt.
ined.) stems covered with retrograde hairs; segments of invo-
lucrum entire, or cut, about equal in length to the flowering um-
bel. %. . F. Native of Peru.
Var. a, glabrmscula (D. C. prod. 4. p. 229.) leaves puberu-
lous, especially above, as well as the outside of the involucra ;
petals almost glabrous; peduncles dichotomous, twin. It. F.
Native of Peru, at the town of Chinchin, in the province of
Chancay, where it was collected by Ruiz et Pav.
Var. ft, hirsuta (D. C. 1. c.) leaves pubescently hairy on both
surfaces, as well as the outside of the involucels and petals ; forks
of umbels 3-4-rayed.
Charvil-hke Caldasia. PL 2 to 3 inches.
4 C. LASIOPE'TALA (Lag. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 229.)
stem and leaves rather tomentose, greyish ; segments of involu-
cels cut andpinnatifid, longer than the umbels ; petals pubescent
on the outside. I/ . F. Native on the Andes, in the tract
called Cordillera del Peru.
Hairy-petalled Caldasia. r PL 2 to 3 inches.
Cult. See Fragosa, p. 259. for culture and propagation.
CXL. SPHALLEROCA'RPUS (^aXXw, sphallo, to deceive,
and Kapiros, karpos, fruit ; from the fruit being liable to be mis-
taken for cumin seed). Bess, in litt. 1828. D. C. coll. mem. 5.
p. 64. t. 2. f. N. prod. 4. p. 230.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx 5, subulate.
Petals obovate-cuneated, emarginate, with an inflexed point ;
outer ones of the umbel radiant. Styles short, at length re-
flexed. Stylopodiuin rather urceolate, toothed. Fruit elliptic-
oblono;, contracted from the sides, without a beak. Mericarps
with 5 subalate ribs : lateral ribs marginating. Vittae 2-3 in
each furrow, which are convex; and 4-6 in the commissure.
Carpophore bipartite. Seed having a furrow inside. — Herbs.
Stems terete, and are as well as the petioles hairy. Leaves bi-
pinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid : lobes linear, acute. Involucrum
wanting. Umbels 6-7-rayed. Involucels of 5 lanceolate leaves.
Flowers white, nearly all hermaphrodite in the terminal umbels,
and male in the lateral ones.
1 S. CYMI'NUM (Bess. 1. c.) $ . Native of Dahuria, about
Nerschinski Sawod. ex Fisch. ; and of Volhynia, ex Bess.
Chserophyllum Cyminum, Fisch. in litt. 1819. Cat. hort.
Vratisl. 1821. Chaer. gracile, Bess. hort. crem. 1822. Trev. nov.
act. nat. bonn. 1826. vol. 13. p. 172. Myrrhis gracilis, Spreng.
syst. 4. pt. 2. p. 120. Fruit thickish, elliptic-oblong, with acute
angles, very aromatic according to the testimony of Fisch.
Leaves almost like those of Cheer, aromdticum, triplicately pin-
natifid, with linear segments. Stem smooth.
Cumin-like Sphallerocarpus. FI. June, July. Clt. 1822. PL
2 to 3 feet.
Cult. The seeds of this plant only require to be sown in the :
open border.
CXLI. MOLOPOSPE'RMUM (from pwXw^, molops, a stripe,
and rnrtppa, sperma, a seed ; the fruit is yellowish, and the vittae
chestnut coloured, giving the fruit the appearance of being
striped). Koch, umb. p. 108. diss. ined. in litt. 1828. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 230. — Ligusticum species, Lin. and Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-toothed, foliaceous.
Petals lanceolate, entire, ending in a long ascending acumen
each. Fruit contracted from the sides ; mericarps with 5 mem-
branous winged ribs, the 2 lateral ones marginating, and one-
half shorter than the rest, and the 3 dorsal ones are very sharp.
Seed bluntly tetragonal or angular ; angle of commissure oppo-
site, engraven by a profound furrow ; the canals empty be-
tween the seed and commissure of the pericarp. Vittas broad,
brown, solitary in the furrows ; but none in the commissure,
which is very narrow. Carpophore bipartite. — A perennial
glabrous herb. Leaves ternately decompound ; leaflets lanceo-
UMBELLIFERjE. CXLI. MOIOPOSPERMUM. CXLII. VELJEA. CXLIII. MYRRHIS. CXLIV. OSMORHIZA. 369
late, elongated, shining, or decurrently pinnate-parted ; segments
sharply pinnatifid. Leaves of involucrum numerous, elongated,
rather membranous, sometimes multifid. Involucels of many
leaves. Flowers white, on short pedicels. Terminal umbels,
large, fertile : lateral ones smaller, male. Fruit often deformed,
having the lateral ribs almost wanting, and the vittse of the
lateral furrows. Perhaps this genus comes nearer to Pleuro-
spermum and Hymenolcena than to Velce~a.
1 M. CICUTA'RIUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 230.) 7/ . H. Native of
the Pyrenees, Cevennes, Alps of Provence, Dauphiny, Piedmont,
and Carniola. Seseli Peloponense, Matth. ed. Valg. 502. f. 4.
but not of Dioscorides. Ligusticum Peloponesiacum, Lin. spec.
360. Jacq. fl. austr. append, t. 13. Lig. Peloponense, Lam.
diet. 3. p. 576. Lig. Cicutarium, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 453. Molo-
pospermum Peloponesiacum, Koch. 1. c. S6seli Peloponense,
Diosc. lib. 3. cap. 62. is Angelica sylvestris, which grows fre-
quently in the Morea, ex Smith, prod. fl. graec. 1. p. 193.
Cicuta-like Molopospermum. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1596.
PI. 3 to 5 feet.
Cult. This plant will grow in any soil, and is easily increased
either by dividing at the root or by seed.
CXLII. VEL^A (named after Seb. Eug. Vela, who illus-
trated umbelliferous plants under the auspices of Lagasca). D. C.
coll. mem. v. p. 61. t. 2. f. H. prod. 4. p. 230. — Ligusticum
species of H. B. et Kunth.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digy'nia. Margin of calyx obliterated.
Petals unknown. Stylopodium conically depressed, short.
Styles erect, filiform. Fruit ovate, without a beak ; mericarps
somewhat compressed from the sides, having the transverse sec-
tion nearly terete ; ribs 5, the 2 lateral ones marginating, and
nearly filiform, the 3 dorsal ones winged ; vittae usually 3 in the
furrows, but sometimes only 2, probably from 2 of them being
joined in one ; and 4 in the commissure. Albumen involute.
Carpophore bipartite from the base. — A branched glabrous
herb. Stem sulcately striated. Leaves ternately decompound ;
leaflets nearly sessile, trifid, or pinnatifid, serrated, cuneated at
the base. Umbels terminal, of about 20 rays. Involucra and
involucels none. Fruit almost like that of Cnidlum, but differs
in the albumen being involute ; of Molopospermum, hut the calyx
is toothless, the commissure less contracted, and the furrows
marked with many stripes ; of My'rrhis, but the vittae are more
numerous, and. the carpophore is bipartite to the base.
1 V. TOLUCCE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 231.) I/ . H. Native
of Mexico, in the mountains near Tolucca. Ligusticum Toluc-
cense, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 19. t. 422. Cm-
dium Toluccense, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 388.
Tolucca Velaea, PI. 2 feet.
Cull. This plant will require some shelter in severe winters.
It will be easily increased by seed or by dividing at the root.
CXLIII. MY'RRHIS (from pvpov, myron, perfume, or
fj.vppa, myrrha, myrrh ; scent of plant). Scop. earn. 2. p. 341.
Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 27. t. 1. f. 23. Koch, umb. 123. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 231. — Chserophyllum species, Lam. — Scandix spe-
cies, Lin. — Myrrhis species, Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digy'nia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit com-
pressed from the sides. Seed involute, covered by a double
membrane; the outer membrane acutely keeled by 5 equal
sharp ribs, which are hollow inside : the inner membrane closely
adnate to the seed. Vittse wanting. Carpophore cleft at the
apex. — Perennial villous herbs, having a strong scent of anise.
Roots fusiform. Leaves ternately decompound ; leaflets pinna-
tifid. Involucrum wanting. Involucels of many lanceolate
ciliated leaves. Central flowers of umbel male. Petals white.
1 M. ODORA'TA (Scop. 1. c.) leaves rather villous beneath ;
VOL. III.
leaves of involucels lanceolate, finely fringed. 7/ . H. Native
of Middle and South Europe, from Spain to Asia Minor ; Ger-
many, Switzerland, Austria, the south of France, and the north
of Italy. In Britain, in Yorkshire, Cumberland, and Lancashire,
and in the lowlands of'Scotland, in mountain pastures. It is also
to be found in Chili, but it has probably been introduced thither.
Myrrhis, Dod. pempt. 701. with a figure. Odorata, Riv. pent,
irr. with a figure. Scandix odorata, Lin. spec. 368. Smith,
engl. hot. t. 697. Jacq. austr. 5. append, t. 37. Blackw. t. 243.
Plench. icon. 206. Chserophyllum odoratum, Lam. diet. 1. p.
683. Scandix odorata of Burm. fl. cap. p. 8. is our plant.
This was one of the old medicinal plants, but it is now disused.
Formerly the young leaves and seeds were put into salads, and
the roots were boiled or eaten, cold or in tarts, and in a variety
of sauces. " Sweet Chervil gathered while it is young," says
Parkinson, " and put among other herbs in a sallet, addeth
a marvellous good relish to all the rest." In Germany, it is
said to be still used in soups. It no longer appears at the table
with us. In the north of England the seeds were formerly em-
ployed in polishing and perfuming oak floors and furniture.
Sweet Cicely or Great Chervil. Fl. May, June. Britain.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
2 M. SULCA'TA (Lag. gen. et spec. p. 13.) leaves hoary from
tomentum beneath ; leaves of involucels oblong, concave, seta-
ceously mucronate. I/. H. Native of Spain. Fruit deeply
furrowed.
Furroncd-trmteA Cicely or Great Chervil. PI. 2 feet.
Cult. These plants will grow in any common garden soil,
and are easily increased by seed or dividing at the root.
CXLIV. OSMORHl'ZA (from o<r^i/, osme, scent, and pi£a,
rhiza, a root; roots sweet scented). Rafin. journ. phys. 1821,
D. C. prod. 4. p. 232. — Uraspermum, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p.
192. but not of Juss. — Spermatura. Reichenb. consp. 1827. 1.
p. 141. — Myrrhis species, Michx. Torr. Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digy'nia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obovate, hardly emarginate, but with a short inflexed
point each. Fruit elongated, tapering into a tail at the base,
solid, acutely angled : having the transverse section nearly
terete ; mericarps with the angles rather furrowed and hispid :
having 5 acute ribs each ; commissure furrowed ; vittae none.
Seed terete, involute, much shorter than the tube of the calyx.
Carpophore semibifid. — American perennial herbs. Roots fusi-
form, sweet-scented. Stems branched, 2 feet high. Leaves biter-
nate ; leaflets broadly ovate-lanceolate, deeply-toothed. Involu-
cra of 2-3 leaves ; involucels usually of 5 leaves ; leaves of both
the involucra and involucels lanceolate, ciliated. Flowers white,
the central ones of the umbellules male, the outer ones alone fertile.
§ 1. Involucra and involucels of 3 or 5 leaves.
1 O. Z.ONGISTYLIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 232.) styles filiform,
somewhat diverging, equal in length to the breadth of the fruit,
or rather longer. TJ.. H. Native of North America, about
Albany and New York, &c. ex Torrey ; in moist parts of woods
about Boston, ex Bi;;el, &c. Throughout Canada, from Lake
Huron to the Saskatchawan, and on the banks of the Columbia
in shady places, ex Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 271. t. 96. Myrrhis
longistylis, Torr. fl. un. St. 1. p. 310. Uraspermum Claytonii,
Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 193. Bigel. fl. host. ed. 2. p. 112. Scan-
dix dulcis, Muhl. ex spec. Nutt. Schrad. in litt. My'rrhis Clay-
tonii, Spreng. spec. umb. 129. t. 3. f. 6. Chserophy'llum Clay-
tonii, Pers. There are varieties of this having the stem and
leaves more or less villous or smooth. Umbels usually of 5 rays.
Leaves of involucra and involucels oval-lanceolate. Root smell-
ing of anise according to Bigelow, Fruit clavate. Involucra
permanent.
3B
370 UMBELLIFER^E. CXLIV. OSMORHIZA. CXLV. GRAMMOSCIADIUM. CXLVI. LAGOICIA. CXLVII. OLIVERIA.
Long-styled Osmorhiza. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1806. PI. 1 foot.
2 O. BREVI'STYHS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 232.) styles short, coni-
cal, tapering at the base and apex, one-half shorter than the
breadth of the fruit. 3f . H. Native of North America, in the
United States and Canada, and in woody places on the west side
of the Rocky Mountains ; and from the mouth of the Columbia
to Observatory Inlet, inlat. 55° on the north-west coast. Hook,
fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 272. t. 97. My'rrhis Claytonii, Torr. fl. un.
st. 1. p. 310. exclusive of many synonymes. Uraspermum hirsu-
tum, Big. fl. host. ed. 2. p. 112. Umbels usually of 3-4 rays.
Leaves of involucra linear-lanceolate, deciduous. The root, ac-
cording to Bigelow, has an ungrateful scent, similar to that ofAra-
lia nudicaulis; but according to Torrey it has a sweet anise scent.
Short-styled Osmorhiza. PI. 2 feet.
§ 2. Involucra and involucels wanting.
3 O. BERTE'RII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 232.) plant hairy ; leaves
decompound ; leaflets pinnatifid ; styles very short, diverging ;
fruit villous, especially at the base. I/ . H. Native of Chili,
near Tagua-tagua, and about Conception, in shady woods. Herb
nearly like that of O. brevistylis. O. Chilensis, Hook, et Am.
in Beech, bot. p. 26. Scandix Chilensis, Molina, chil. p. 125.
ed. gall. p. 331. Leaves bipinnate ; leaflets cuneate-ovate, pin-
natifid ; segments subdivided, acute. Flowers some of them male.
Bertero's Osmorhiza. PL 2 feet.
Cult. See My'rrhis, p. 369. for culture and propagation.
CXLV. GRAMMOSCIA'DIUM (from ypa/j/xi/, gramme, a
line, and amaSiov, sciadion, an umbel ; fruit lined). D. C. coll.
mem. v. p. 62. t. 3. f. K. prod. 4. p. 232.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx 5, stiff",
permanent. Petals obcordate, with an inflexed point. Styles
short, conical, diverging, permanent, stiff. Fruit cylindrical,
without a beak ; mericarps with 5 primary flattish white ribs ;
furrows flat, having one vitta in each ; and the commissure
having 2. Seed unknown. — Quite glabrous herbs, natives of
the Levant. Stems branched. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets multi-
fid : lobes linear-setaceous. Umbels compound, of from 5 to 16
rays. Leaves of involucra 5-7, multifid ; of the involucels linear-
subulate, rarely cut. Pedicels stiff) thickening after flowering.
This is a very distinct genus, but from the structure of the seed
being unknown, the place which it should occupy in the order is
doubtful.
1 G. DAUCOIDES (D. C. 1. c. t. 3. f. K.) leaves of involucra
multifid ; most of the flowers in each umbellule are fertile ; fruit
terete, crowned by the calycine teeth, which are conical and
elongated. — Native of Armenia, ex herb. Tourn. about Amadan
in Persia, ex herb. Oliv. et Brug. My'rrhis Armena foliis Mei
seu fceniculi seminebrevi. Tourn. herb. Herb quite glabrous,
erect. Root terete, nearly simple. Stem furrowed, a foot high.
Leaves nearly like those of Daucus setifolius, having the petioles
dilated at the base. Central umbel of 15-16 rays, lateral ones
of 10-12.
Carrot-like Grammosciadium. PL 1 foot,
2 G. MEOIDES (D. C. 1. c.) leaves of involucra hardly cut ; the
central flower in each umbellule alone fertile ; fruit rather club-
shaped ; calycine teeth small. — Native of Armenia. My'rrhis
orientalis Mei folio semine longissimo, Tourn. cor. 22. My'rrhis
orientalis semine unciam longo, Tourn. herb. Scandix macro-
sperma, Willd. herb, ex Schultes, syst. 6. p. 507. Scandix cla-
vata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 903. Stem branched, terete. Leaves
none in the specimen. Involucrum wanting, or of one usually
undivided leaf. Umbels of 5-7 rays. Umbellules each contain-
ing 7- 8 sterile flowers, and one fertile one. Fruit in Tourne-
fort's specimen shorter than in the preceding.
Meum-like Grammosciadium. PL 1 foot.
1
Cult. The species will grow in any common soil, and will
be easily increased by seed.
Tribe XVI.
SMY'RNE-iE (this tribe contains plants agreeing with the
genus Smy'rnium in character), or Campylospermse paucijugatae
turgidae, Koch, umb. 133. D. C. prod. 4. p. 233. Fruit turgid,
usually compressed or contracted from the sides ; mericarps
with 5 ribs : the lateral ribs marginating, or situated in the
front of the margin ; the ribs sometimes nearly obliterated.
Seed involute, or with a furrow inside, semilunar or complicate.
— Habit of plants and inflorescence variable ; the genus Exoa-
cantha and Echinophora agree in habit with Ery'ngium, in con-
sequence of having spinose leaves ; Lagoe'cia agrees with Acti-
notus in the one-seeded fruit ; Pleurospermum with Astrdntia in
the utricular fruit.
CXLVI. LAGCE'CIA (from Xaywc, logos, a hare, and oucoe,
oikos, a house ; the place where a hare lies ; the seeds envel-
loped in the hairy involucrum have been likened to young
leverets in a hare's form). Lin. gen. no. 285. Gaertn. fruct. 1.
p. 103. t. 23. f. 3. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 106. D. C. prod. 4. p.
233. — Cuminoides, Tourn. inst. t. 155.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Lobes of calyx large,
pectinated. Petals obcordately bifid, shorter than the calyx;
lobes awned. Ovarium bilocular, one of the cells abortive ; the
fruit is therefore ovate, and crowned by the calyx, hence there
is a furrow on one side indicating the place of the abortive cell.
Seed marked with a furrow on one side, and therefore appear-
ing involute. — An annual erect herb. Leaves pinnate ; leaf-
lets ovate, uniform, alternate, coarsely toothed : teeth awned.
Peduncles opposite the leaves. Umbels compound, of many
rays. Umbellules 1 -flowered. Leaves of involucra 8-10, pec-
tinated, of the involucels 4, also pectinated. Flowers pedicel-
late, within the involucel, white. Fruit downy.
1 L. CUMINOIDES (Lin. spec. 294.) O- H. Native of Galatia,
Persia, Greece, Candia, Lybia, Spain, &c. in corn fields and
vineyards. Smith, fl. graec. t. 243. prod. 1. p. 162. Schkuhr,
handb. 1. t. 48. Lam. ill. t. 142. Sabb. hort. 4. t. 55. Plench.
icon. t. 153. — Mor. hist. 3. sect. 9. t. 13. umb. t. 1. f. 13.
Umbels nodding before flowering, but at length becoming nearly
globose. The seeds are mostly all abortive in the plants culti-
vated in gardens.
Cumin-like Lagcecia or Wild Cumin. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1640. PL J foot.
Cult. The seeds should be sown in autumn, soon after they
are ripe ; otherwise if this is deferred till spring, they com-
monly remain a year, and sometimes two or three years before
they grow.
CXLVII. OLIVE'RIA (in honour of M. G. A. Olivier,
author of a history of insects, and formerly one of the editors of
the Encyclopedic Methodique, and who was sent with M. Brug-
uiere by the French government into the Levant, for the purpose
of collecting objects of natural history). Vent. hort. eels. t. 21.
Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 105. D. C. prod. 4. p. 234.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals profoundly obcordate, nearly bipartite : lobes involute on
the margin at the base, and excavated on the side, undulated and
reflexed above. Fruit obovate-ovate, hairy ; mericarps nearly
terete, bluntly 5-ribbed. Carpophore bifid at the apex. Seed
marked with a furrow on the inside, therefore the albumen is
probably involute. — A branched herb, native of the Levant.
Stems erect, white. Leaves pinnate, having the scent of thyme
when bruised; leaflets many-parted: segments trifid, acute.
Umbels of 3-4- rays. Umbellules dense, many-flowered. Leaves
of involucrum 3-4, trifid : lobes usually tridentate. Leaves of
UMBELLIFERjE. CXLVIII. ANISOSCIADIUM. CXLIX. ECHINOPHORA. CL. EXOACANTHA.
371
involucels numerous, cuneiform, trifid. Flowers equal, herma-
phrodite, white.
1 O. ORIENTA'LIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 234.) O. H. Native
about Bagdad, on the banks of the Euphrates, where it was
detected by Olivier and Bruguiere. Oliveria decumbens, Vent,
hort. eels. t. 21. Stems white, decumbent in Ventenat's figure,
but stiff and erect in the spontaneous specimens. Lower and
floral leaves clothed with soft velvety villi.
Eastern Oliveria. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. The seeds of this plant only require to be sown in the
open border in spring or autumn, in a warm sheltered situation.
CXLVIII. ANISOSCIA'DIUM (from a*«7oc, anisos, un-
equal, and ymaStov, sciadion, an umbel ; in reference to the
lobes of the calyx and petals being unequal in the outer and
inner flowers of the umbel). D. C. coll. mem. v. p. 63. t. 15.
prod. 4. p. 234.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Lobes of calyx in the outer
flowers of the umbels, large, ovate, and foliaceous ; in the outer
central flowers stiff, hooked, and mucrone-formed ; in the inner
ones all wanting or tooth-formed. Petals very unequal, outer
ones large, obcordately bifid ; inner ones small. Fruit rather
pubescent, oblong-cylindrical, crowned by the calyx, and 2 stiff
conical erect styles. Mericarps semi-terete, one of which is
usually abortive ; ribs 5, very blunt ; vittse one in each furrow,
brown, but none in the commissure. Albumen involute. — An
herb, native of the Levant. Root simple. Stems diffuse, stiff,
dichotomously branched, puberulous when examined by a lens.
Leaves petiolate, pinnate ; leaflets deeply pinnatifid : lobules
short, hardly acute. Branches opposite the leaves. Involucra
of 4-5 leaves, which are unequal, oblong, acute, and at length
rather spinescent. Rays of umbel 4-5, stiff, a little longer than
the involucrum. Leaves of involucels 4-5, oval, spreading, per-
manent, unequal. Flowers white, 7-10, sessile, stiff.
1 A. ORIENTA'LE (D. C. 1. c. t. 15.) ©. H. Native of the
Levant, between Bagdad and Aleppo, where it was collected by
Olivier and Bruguiere.
Eastern Anisosciadium. PI. spreading.
Cult. See Oliveria above for culture and propagation.
CXLIX. ECHINO'PHORA (from i^vas, echinos, a hedge-
hog, and 0fp<.i, phero, to bear ; in allusion to the strong stiff
spines of the .involucrum). Tourn. inst. 656. t. 423. Lin. gen.
no. 329. Lam. ill. t. 190. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 106. Koch, umb.
135. D. C. coll. mem. v. p. 64. t. 16. prod. 4. p. 234.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digy'nia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point ; or the outer
ones are larger and bifid. Styles in the female flowers elon-
gated (f. 65. A.), filiform, 2, rarely 3. Fruit ovate, nearly terete
(f. 65. f.), inclosed in a hollow receptacle, furnished with a short
emersed beak. Mericarps with 5 depressed equal undulated ribs.
Vittse one in each furrow, covered by a cobwebbed membrane.
Albumen deeply involute (f. 65.^'.) — Perennial herbs. Leaves
bipinnatifid ; segments cut. Umbels terminal ; the flowers of the
ray male, and joined together at the base before flowering, having
the receptacle girding them ; the female flowers solitary and cen-
tral. Involucra and involucels constantly of many leaves.
SECT. I. LEUCOPHORA (from XEVKOC, leucos, white, and tytpu,
phero, to bear ; in reference to the white flowers of the species).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 235. Flowers white. Petals obcordate,
glabrous, nearly equal. Lobes of leaves pungent, terete or
conical.
1 E. SPINOSA (Lin. spec. 344.) plant glaucous, finely downy ;
leaves pinnate; leaflets subulate, trifid, stiff; leaves of involu-
crum and involucels spinose. ?£. H. Native along the Me-
diterranean, in the sand by the sea side. Said to have been
found by Ray on the sea coast of Lancashire, and by Mr.
Blackstone between Feversham and Sea Salter ; between Whit-
stable and the Isle of Thanet, by Sandwich, and near West
Chester by Gerarde ; but it has been since searched for
without success ; it was therefore nothing but the common
samphire that was found in the above mentioned habitats. Cav.
icon. 2. t. 127. Smith, fl. graec. FIG 65
t. 265. eng. bot. 2413. D. C.
coll. mem. v. t. 16. — Mor. ox.
sect. 9. t. 1. f. 1. Root fusi-
form, edible. Flowers white,
(f. 65.)
Var. ft, pubescens (Guss. prod,
fl. sic. 1. p. 309.) stem pubes-
cent, deeply furrowed ; leaves
scabrous ; rays of umbels pi-
losely pubescent. I/ . H. Na-
tive of the Levant.
Prickly Sea-parsnip. Fl. Jul.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
2 E. PLATY'LOBA (D. C. prod.
4. p. 235.) plant smoothish or
pubescent in the upper part ;
leaves petiolate, pinnate : leaf-
lets 3-4-cleft : lobes lanceolate, flattish, divaricate, spinescent ;
leaves of involucra lanceolate, spiny. I/. F. Native of Persia,
about Teheran. Stems angular, flexuous. Umbels small, when
young, pubescent. Flowers white.
Broad-lobed Sea-parsnip. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
3 S. TRICHOPHY'LLA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. vol. 12. no. 3.) leaves
bitriternate ; segments filiform, channelled, acute, unarmed. I/ .
F. Native of the Levant, in stony places at the foot of Mount
Ararat ; and of Persia, in the province of Aderbeidjan, where it
was gathered by Szowits. Umbels turgidly muricated, about
the size of those of E. spinosa, of a deep purple while young ;
petals white. Perhaps this plant is the same as E. orientalis
peucedanifolio, Vaill. herb. The plant has a strong smell of
galbanum according to Szowits.
Hair-leaved Sea-parsnip. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot.
SECT. II. CHRYSOPHORA (from \pv0og, chrysos, gold, and
<jiepw, phero, to bear ; in reference to the yellow flowers). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 235. Flowers yellow. Petals ovate, barbately
ciliated ; the outer ones of the umbel rather radiant. Lobes
of leaves flat, foliaceous, toothed at the apex. According to
Fischer it is probably a distinct genus.
4 E. TENUIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 344.) plant pubescent ; leaves
bipinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid or cut, cuneated, unarmed at
the apex. 1£. F. Native of Apulia, Sicily, Greece, Tauria,
and about Smyrna and Constantinople, in fields ; and of
Persia, in the province of Erivan, in dry saltish places. Sibth.
and Smith, fl. grsec. 266. prod. 1. p. 179. Stev. mem. soc. mosc.
3. p. 249 and 258. D'Urv. enum. 29. — Moris, oxon. sect. 9. t.
1. f. 2. Pluk. aim. t. 11. f. 1. The fruit is similar to the rest
of the species. A much branched glaucous plant.
Fine-leaved Sea-parsnip. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. PI. 1| ft.
Cult. These plants not producing seeds in this country are
increased by cuttings of the roots or stems. Place them in a
warm situation and a dry soil, or else cover them in winter, to
prevent the frost from destroying them.
CL. EXOACA'NTHA (from *£&», exo, without, and aicavOa,
aJcantha, a spine ; in allusion to the leaves of the involucels
being spinose, and situated on the outside of the umbellules).
Labill. pi. syr. dec. 1. p. 10. t. 2. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 106. B.C.
prod. 4. p. 235.
3 B 2
372
UMBELLIFER^E. CL. EXOACANTHA. CL1. ARCTOPUS. CLII. CACHRYS.
LIN. SY&T. Pent&ndria, Digynia. Flowers polygamous, cen-
tral ones fertile, the rest sterile. Calyx in the sterile flowers,
with obsolete margins. Petals obcordate, inflexed, equal. Young
fruit of the sterile flowers obovate, and striated ; those of the
central flowers much larger, ovate, and somewhat papillose,
crowned by 15 elongated stiff bristles. Seed unknown. — An
herb, native of the Levant. Leaves pinnate : leaflets of the
radical leaves ovate, toothed, rather cut; of the cauline leaves
lanceolate-linear, acute. Umbels terminal, compound ; umbel-
lules on short peduncles. Leaves of involucra 10-12, large,
channelled, spinose, longer than the rays, spreading ; leaves of in-
volucels 7-11, spinose, situated on the outer side of the umbel -
lules, and longer than them, very unequal, 1 of which is very
long, 2-4 are middle-sized, and 2-4 are bristle-formed. Flowers
white.- — This very singular genus is allied to Echindphora and
Arctbpus from the inflorescence, but the fruit is scarcely known.
Perhaps the fruit is said to be crowned by 15 bristles, because
the calyx is 5-parted, and each of these parts again trifid.
1 E. HETEROPHY'LLA (Labill. 1. c.) $ . F. Native of the
Levant, at Nazareth.
Variable-leaved Exoacantha. PI. 2 feet.
Cult. The seed of this plant ought to be sown in a pot, and
the plants when of sufficient size to be potted separately ; and
in the second year, about the month of May, they may be
planted out into the open border, where they will flower and seed
freely.
CLI. ARCTO'PUS (from apt-roe, arktos, a bear, and
pous, a foot ; this singular plant is beset with spines, which have
been compared to the claws of a bear). Lin. hort. cliff. 495. gen.
no. 1165. Lam. ill. t. 865. Gasrtn. fil. carp. 3. p. 14. t. 182.
f. 4. D. C. prod. 4. p. 236.— Apradus, Adans, fam. 2. p. 182.
LIN. SYST. Pent&ndria, Digynia. Flowers polygamo-dioecious.
Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals lanceolate, with an incurved
acute entire acumen. Stamens in the male flowers twice the
length of the corolla, antheriferous. Stylopodium flat. Styles 2,
very short, deciduous. Ovarium abortive. Stamens in the female
flowers none. Styles 2, thickened at the base, and divaricate at
the apex. Fruit ovate, beaked, crowned by the calyx, and confer-
ruminated with it from the base to the middle, having one side
depressed and naked, with a furrow, not separable into two parts,
but bilocular, with one of the cells abortive ; the fruit is therefore
1 -seeded from abortion, roundish, convex on one side, and concave
with a furrow on the other. — A perennial herb, native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Radical leaves pressed close to the ground in a
stellate manner, with flat petioles, and roundish trifid limbs : the
lobes toothed and spiny-ciliated. Male umbels compound, pe-
dunculate, sterile, but mixed with a few female flowers ; umbel-
lules nearly globose; involucrum usually of 5 leaves, which
are joined together after flowering. Female umbels sessile, fer-
tile, surrounded by the 4 concrete leaves of the involucrum,
which are coriaceous, reticulated, and spiny toothed, girding the
fruit. Petals white.
1 A. ECHINA'TUS (Lin. spec. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 1512.) I/. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on hills about Cape Town,
&c. Thunb. fl. cap. 255. Ker, bot. reg. t. 705. — Burm. afr.
1. t. 1. — Pluk. mant. t. 271. f. 5. The roots are used with suc-
cess at the Cape in cases of siphilis ; but upon trial here some
years since they were found to be less efficient than sarsa-
parilla.
Rough Arctopus. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1774. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. This plant should be grown in a mixture of peat, sand,
and loam ; and it may either be increased by dividing the plant
or by seed.
CLII. CA'CHRYS (one of the names given by the Romans
to the Rosemary. According to Morison, the name was de-
rived from Kiuta, kaio, to burn, on account of the carminative
qualities of the plants). Tourn. inst. t. 172. Lin. gen. no. 342.
D. C. coll. mem. v. p. 65. prod. 4. p. 236. — Cachrys and Hip-
pomarathrum, Link. hort. berol. 1. p. 271. Koch, umb. 136. f.
36, 37. — Cachrys species, Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed,
or rarely obsolete. Petals ovate, entire, involute or inflexed at
the apex. Stylopodium depressed, short, hardly distinct in the
mature fruit. Fruit turgid, the transverse section nearly terete,
or somewhat didymous ; mericarps with 5 thick ribs, variable in
the different sections. Commissure nearly equal to the breadth
of the mericarps. Seed constituting a free nucleus, covered
with copious vittae, deeply involute. Cotyledons of embryo
diverging. — Perennial herbs. Leaves decompound. Umbels
numerous. Involucra and involucels of many leaves. Flowers
yellow.
SECT. I. EUCA'CHRYS (from eu, well, and cachrys ; this section
contains what are supposed to be the true species of the genus).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 236. Cachrys, Koch, umb. 1. c. Margin of
calyx obsolete. Ribs of fruit broad, thick, obtuse, sometimes
so very broad at the base as hardly to be distinct. Prickles,
bristles, or tubercles none.
1 C. UEVIGA'TA (Lam. diet. 1. (1783) 256.) plant glabrous;
leaves decompound ; leaflets multifid, linear-setaceous, divari-
cate ; leaves of involucra and involucels few, entire; fruit glo-
bose, with very blunt, hardly distinct, smooth ribs. I/ . H. Na-
tive of the south of France, in dry open places. — -Moris, umb. t.
3. superior figure. — C. Libanotis, Gouan. ill. p. 12. but not of
Lin. C. Morisonii, All. pedem. auct. (1789) p. 23. Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 441. exclusive of the synonyme of Desf. The oldest
name is here admitted. Flowers yellow.
Smoo/A-fruited Cachrys. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1710. PI. $
to 1 foot.
2 C. MACROCA'RPA (Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 313. fl. alt. 1.
p. 365.) radical leaves ternate : leaflets bipinnate or tripinnate :
pinnula ternate or palmate : segments entire or 3-partecl : lobes
linear or oblong ; involucra and involucels of many leaves ; fruit
oval; mericarps glabrous, 11 -angled. l/.H. Native of Sibe-
ria, on hills in the Kirghisean steppe, at Ustkamenogorsk, and
between Bucktorminsk and Lake Noor-Saisan. Root rather
woody, stupose. Stems many from the same root, striately fur-
rowed, pubescent, branched af top. Leaves a foot long and
more than a foot broad. Umbels of 5-10-rays,but usually of 8.
Leaves of involucra ovate or lanceolate, short, membranous ; of
the involucels of unequal size. Flowers yellow, all hermaphro-
dite in the primordial umbels ; but in the lateral ones they are
polygamous, the outer ones fertile, and the inner ones for the
most part sterile. Calyx very minute. Petals yellow, oblong,
concave, reflexed, hardly keeled on the inside. Stylopodium
pulvinate. Fruit large, compressed from the sides ; mericarps
with 5 thick keeled ribs. Carpophore bipartite, free.
Large-fruited Cachrys. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
3 C. ODONTA'LGICA (Pall. itin. 3. p. 720. t. g. f. 1, 2, 3. ed.
germ. 3. append, no. 75. t. 9. ed. gall, in 8vo. append, no. 309.
t. 78. f. 1.) leaves decompound, clothed with hoary pubescence ;
leaflets linear, short, rather trifid ; stem naked ; leaves of invo-
lucra and involucels few, undivided ; fruit oblong, having the
mericarps somewhat compressed from the back, and hardly fur-
rowed. "H.. H. Native of Siberia, Tauria, and Caucasus, in
very arid muddy places. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 217. suppl. 216.
Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 176. t. 3. f. 2. and f. 4. d. e. f. Cachrys
callosperma, Pall. itin. 3. p. 663. Involucrum none, ex Hoffm.
1-leaved, ex Vest. ; few-leaved, ex Pall. Fruit oblong, smooth,
and ribless on the outside, as in C. Icevigata, but cylindrical, not
UMBELLIFER^. CLII. CACHRYS.
373
nearly globose. The Cossacks of the Jaik chew the seeds for
pain in the teeth, and obtain relief by the copious salivation
which follows their use.
Tooth-ache Cachrys. PI. 1 foot.
4 C. PEUCEDANOI DES (Desf. fl. alt. 1. p. 250.) leaves decom-
pound ; leaflets filiform, stiffish, rather pubescent ; leaves of in-
volucra pinnatifid ; of the involucels undivided ; fruit oval, with
smooth obsolete ribs. If.. H. Nativeof Algiers, in corn fields.
This species differs from C. Icevigata in the leaves of the invo-
lucra being multifid, and in the leaves being pubescent.
Peucedanum-like Cachrys. PI. 1 foot.
5 C. VAGINA'TA (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 9. fl. alt. 1. p. 366.)
radical leaves bipinnate: leaflets pinnate-parted : segments ob-
long-linear, acute ; lower leaflets and segments approximating the
rachis ; sheaths of cauline leaves, ventricose ; involucrum almost
wanting; involucels of many leaves ; fruit didymous ; mericarps
nearly globose. I/ . H. Native of Siberia, on the mountains
of Dolenkara, in the Kirghisean steppe. Stems rather flexuous,
sulcately striated. Umbels of 10-20, unequal, spreading rays.
Leaves of involucels linear-lanceolate, with membranous mar-
gins. Margin of calyx obsoletely denticulated. Petals whitish,
nearly orbicular, emarginate, with an inflexed acumen, keeled
inside.
Sheathcd-petioled Cachrys. PI. \\ foot.
6 C. ALPI'NA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 217. suppl. 216.) plant gla-
brous ; leaves decompound; leaflets linear, elongated; leaves of
involucra and involucels very short, undivided ; fruit oval, hav-
ing the mericarps a little furrowed and striated, the striae crenu-
lated. If. . H. Native of Tauria, on the tops of mountains.
Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 176. C. Libanotis, Pall. ind. taur. Allied
to C. Libanotis and C. Icevigata, but differs in the fruit not being
perfectly smooth in C. Icevigata, nor deeply furrowed as in C.
Libanotis. Perhaps this and the two preceding plants belong to
the following section.
Alpine Cachrys. Fl. July. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 foot.
SECT. II. ^EGOMA'RATHRUM (from ail, aiyoj, aix aigos, a goat,
and papaQpov, marathron, fennel ; goats' fennel). D. C. prod. 4.
p. 237.— Hippomarathrum, Link, 1. c. and Koch, diss. but not
of Riv — ^Egomarathrum, Koch, in litt. Margin of calyx 5-
toothed. Ribs of fruit very thick, obtuse, almost filling the
furrows, more or less- tubercular, papillose, wrinkled, or to-
mentose, rarely smooth.
7 C. LIBANOTIS (Lin. spec. p. 355.) plant glabrous; leaves
decompound ; leaflets trifid, linear, rather pungent : superior
ones opposite: upper ones trifid; leaves of involucra and invo-
lucels numerous, undivided; fruit ovate ; mericarps very bluntly
5-ribbed. 1£. H. Native of Mauritania, Sicily, but not in
France. Schkuhr, handb. t. 65. good. Hippomarathrum Liba-
notis, Koch, in litt. Hippom. Siculum, Bocc. sic. t. 18. — Mor.
ox. sect. 9. t. 1. f. 6. umb. t. 3. lower figure. C. verier, Lob.
icon. t. 783. f. 2. C. Sicula y, Guss. prod. 1. p. 359. and per-
haps C. sphaerospertna, Ten. prod. xix. syn. 120. is also refer-
rible to this plant.
Libanotis or Smooth-seeded Goat's-fennel. Fl. July, Aug.
Clt. 1570. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
8 C. PTEROCHJLE'NA (D.C. prod. 4. p. £37.) plant glabrous ;
leaves decompound : leaflets trifid, keeled, stiff', divaricate, with
the margins and keel scabrous ; central umbels furnished with
divided leaves of involucra, and the lateral ones with undivided
leaves of involucra ; leaves of involucels all undivided ; fruit
nearly globose ; mericarps with 5 thick blunt ribs, which are
granularly muricatedon every side, having the furrows bet ween the
ribs deep and very narrow. "J/ . H. Native of Barbary, Italy,
and Greece, ex Vahl. Salzm ; of Sicily, Spain, and the island
of Cyrus, ex Sibthorp. C. Sicula, Lin. spec. p. 355. exclusive
of Bocc. syn. Desf. fl. all. 1. p. 240. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec.
t. 278. Hippomirathrum Siculum, Link. enum. 1. p. 271.
Koch, 1. c. Flowers yellow, as in the rest of the species.
Wing-covered Goat's-fennel. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1604. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
9 C. CRI'SPA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 311.) plant glabrous, or nearly
so; leaves multifid, trichotomous: ultimate segments short, nearly
conical ; leaves of involucra and involucels linear, very short ;
fruit nearly globose, granular from papillae ; ribs of fruit thick,
almost closing the furrows. !(.. H. Nativeof Palestine and
of Eastern Caucasus. C. crispa, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p.
443. Hippomarathrum crispum, Koch, umb. 136. C. micro-
carpa, Stev. in litt. 1819. but not of Bieb. C. nudicaulis, Godet,
in litt. 1829. Perhaps the Caucasian plant and the Palestine
one are distinct. Flowers yellow.
Curled-fruited Goat's-fennel. Fl.July. Clt. 1810. PL l£ ft.
10 C. AMPLiFbuA ; leaves scabrous ; petioles 6 times divid-
ed, furrowed ; leaflets tripartite : segments stiff, subulate, tri-
gonal, or somewhat pentagonal, channelled above ; involucra
and involucels of 5 short lanceolate leaves ; mericarps granular,
with rather prominent ribs, and distinct furrows. 1£ . H. Native
of Caucasus, by the sea side, in the province of Baku, near
Kaljari. Hippomarathrum amplifolium, Ledeb. in litt. Meyer,
verz. pfl. p. 131. Echinophora? Caspia, D. C. prod. 4. p. 235.
Segments of leaves short, hardly 2 lines long, thick, and stiff, by
which it is easily distinguished from C. crispa.
Ample-leaved Goat's-fennel. PI. 2 to 3 feet?
1 1 C. LONoiLOBA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 237.) plant smoothish ;
leaves multifid, trichotomous ; leaflets linear, stillUh, elongated ;
leaves of involucra and involucels linear, short ; fruit nearly glo-
bose, granular from papillae : with thick ribs : which almost close
the furrows. If.. H. Native of Persia, among rocks on the
mountains about Seidkhodzi, where it was collected by Szowits.
Flowers and fruit like the Caucasian variety of C. crispa, but
the ultimate lobes of the leaves are very slender, about 2 inches
long, not 2 lines as in that plant.
Long-lobe-leaved Goat's-fennel. PI. 1^ foot.
12 C. INVOLUCRA^TA (Pall, in Willd. herb, ex Schultes, syst.
6. p. 447.) plant glabrous ; leaves ternately tripinnate : leaflets
cuneiform, jagged, acute; leaves of involucra and involucels lan-
ceolate, membranous ; fruit spongy, tubercular from papillae all
over. Tf.. H. Native of Persia. This species is hardly known,
but from the character given it is nearly allied to the preceding
species. Stem branched at the base. Leaves three times tri-
pinnate.
Involucrated Goat's-fennel. PI. 2 feet.
13 C. ERIA'NTHA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 238.) leaves multifid, and
are, as well as the stems, quite glabrous ; lobes or leaflets tricho-
tomous : segments linear-subulate, stiffish ; rays of umbel pu-
berulous; umbellules crowded with flowers; calyx and fruit
tomentose. I/ . H. Native of Persia, in gravelly places at
Badalan. This is a very distinct species, from the fruit being
nearly an inch long, and tomentose, with thick obtuse ribs, and
very narrow furrows.
Hairy-flon-ered Goat's-fennel. PI. 1^ foot.
14 C. ? ACAU'LIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 238.) radical leaves bi-
pinnate ; petioles and scapes clothed with short white hairs ;
leaflets multifid, smoothish : lobes linear, soft, short ; rays of
umbel 4-5, puberulous, sometimes proliferous ; leaves of invo-
lucra and involucels linear, with membranous margins ; umbel-
lules crowded with flowers ; calyxes glabrous. I/ . H. Native
of Persia, on arid hills at the Lake Ormiah, in the province of
Aderbeidjan, where it was collected by Szowits. Herb small,
with a fibrous neck. This is a very distinct species, allied to
the preceding, but the fruit is unknown.
Stemless Goat's-fennel. PI. A foot.
374
UMBELLIFERjE. CLII. CACIIRYS. CLIII. FRANCOS.
15 C. HU'MILIS (Schousb. tnaroc. p. 118.) plant glabrous;
leaves supra-decompound, fleshy ; leaflets linear, trifid, mucro-
nate ; leaves of involucra and involucels numerous, lanceolate,
undivided; fruit furrowed, smoothish. l/.H. Native of Bar-
bary, near Cape Spartel, mixed with Crithum maritimum. Per-
haps belonging to a different section.
Humble Goat's-fennel. PI. % foot.
SECT. III. LOPHOCA'CHRYS (from Xo^oc, lophos, a crest, and
cachrys ; in reference to the species contained in this section
having crested or winged fruit). Gen. propr. Koch, umb. in
litt. D. C. prod. 4. p. 238. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Ribs
of fruit sharply winged : wings cleft into mucrone-formed teeth :
the furrows broad and open.
16 C. CRISTATA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 238.) plant glabrous;
leaves decompound ; leaflets trifid : lobes linear, blunt, short,
divaricate ; leaves of involucra and involucels linear ; fruit ovate ;
mericarps with 5, rather winged crested ribs, and broad concave
furrows. % . H. Native of the Grecian Archipelago, as in the
islands of Melos, Samos, and Astypalsea. C. Sicula, D'Urvil.
enum. pi. 31. but not of Lin. C. semine fungosa sulcato aspero
minore foliis peucedani, Mor. ox. 3. p. 267. sect. 9. t. 1. f. 3.
Stem much branched. Teeth of calyx 5, elongated, permanent.
Cresled-huitcA Goat's-fennel. PI. 2 feet.
17 C. PU'NGENS (Jan. pi. exsic. Guss. prod. 1. append, p. 7.)
plant glabrous ; leaves decompound ; segments or leaflets fili-
form, linear, acute, somewhat pungent, elongated ; leaves of in-
volucra and involucels linear ; fruit ovate, with distant some-
what winged crested ribs, and broad concave furrows. T±. H.
Native of Calabria and Sicily, in the sand on the sea shore. C.
Sicula /3 longifolia, Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 360. Segments of
the leaves elongated, 1-3 inches long.
Var. f>, echinophora (D. C. prod. 4. p. 238.) leaves decom-
pound ; leaflets trifid, lanceolate-linear, acute, rather scabrous
from short scattered down, especially on the margins ; leaves of
involucra and involucels lanceolate-linear, acuminated, entire, of
the involucra deflexed, of the involucels equal in length to the
umbellules ; fruit obscurely ribbed ; ribs tubercular, somewhat
echinately crested. If.. H. Native of Sicily, and in fields about
Naples, and probably of Greece and Spain. C. Sicula, Ten. fl.
neap. prod. 19. C. Sicula var. a, Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 359.
There is sometimes a one branched leaf at the base of the rays
of the umbel, which may be taken for an involucrum. It is per-
fectly distinct from C. peterochlcena ; the upper leaves are oppo-
site as in it, but the segments are broader, and striated beneath
by elevated nerves. Leaves of involucra broadest at the base.
Pungent Goat's-fennel. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
Cult. The species of Cachrys are only to be increased by
seeds, which should be sown in autumn. A deep light soil suits
them best.
CLIII. PRA'NGOS (the native name of P. pabularia).
Lindl. in journ. sc. lond. 1825. no. 37. p. 7. Lag. obs. apar.
1826. p. 15. D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 67.— Pteromarathrum, Koch,
in litt. — Cachrys spec, of authors."
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals ovate, entire, involute at the apex. Stylopodium de-
pressed, hardly prominent in the fruit. Transverse section of
fruit nearly terete ; commissure broad. Mericarps compressed
from the back, with 5 smooth ribs, which are thick at the base,
and ending each in a vertical membranous wing on the back.
Seed girded by copious vittse. Albumen involute. — Perennial
herbs, with terete stems. Leaves decompound ; leaflets or
segments linear. Umbels numerous. Flowers yellow.
1 P. PABULA'RIA (Lindl. 1. c. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 3. t. 212.)
plant glabrous ; leaves supra-decompound ; segments linear ;
leaves of involucra and involucels simple ; fruit corky ; meri-
carps with 5 ribs, which are expanded into crenated wings.
1£. H. Native of the temperate parts of the East Indies, about
Imfal and Droz. This plant is called prangos at Imfal and
Droz. It is employed in the form of hay as winter fodder for
sheep and goats, and frequently for neat cattle, but its seed,
when eaten by horses, is said to produce inflammation in the
eyes, and temporary blindness. The properties of prangos, as
a food, appear to be heating, producing fatness in a space of
time singularly short, and also destructive to the Fusciola hepd-
tica, or liver flake, which in Britain, after a wet autumn, de-
stroys some thousands of sheep by the rot, a disease which has
hitherto proved incurable. The last-mentioned properties of
the plant, if they be retained in Britain, would render it espe-
cially valuable to our' country. But this, taken along with
its highly nutritious qualities, its vast yield, its easy cul-
ture, its great duration, its capability of flourishing on lands of
the most inferior quality and wholly unadapted to tillage, im-
part to it a general character of probable utility unrivalled in
the history of agricultural productions. When once in pos-
session of the ground, for which the preparation is easy, it
requires no subsequent culture, save that of cutting and con-
verting the foliage into hay. Of the duration of the plant there
are several facts. Seeds having been transported westward along
with those of yellow lucern above 40 years ago, and sown on the
eastern frontier of Kashmeer, where they vegetated, and of
which the plants of the first growth still remain in a flourishing
condition. In another instance, the seeds were transported
eastward, and sown upon rocks near Molbee, where the plants
flourished for about 40 years, but in consequence of a long period
of drought the prangos perished along with the crops of that dis-
strict in general. From various facts it is conceived not unrea-
sonable to presume, that by the cultivation of this plant moors
and wastes, hitherto uncultivated, and a source of disgrace to
British agriculture, may be made to produce large quantities
of winter fodder, and that the yield of the highlands, and of
downs enjoying a considerable depth of soil, may be trebled.
As the prangos has hitherto been of spontaneous growth alone,
practices better adapted to the nature of the plant or of the
country may be adopted at a future time ; but from a view of
its habitudes, Mr. Moorcroft ventures to suggest that the seeds
should be dibbled into holes singly, at an inch deep and a foot
apart. Yellow lucern, which is also a spontaneous production
of the country of the prangos, is of a constitution more hardy
than that of the lucern of Europe, and requires no other cul-
ture than that necessary for sowing it, and lasts in vigour for
a long series of years. It is submitted that, as it naturally
grows along with the prangos, it would be well to imitate this
habitude. The joint yield is vastly greater than that of the
richest meadow land, and is produced on a surface of the most
sterile nature, in regard to other herbage.
Fodder Prangos. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
2 P. FERULA'CEA (Lindl. journ. sc. lond. 1825. no. 37. p. 7.)
leaves supra-decompound, hairy ; leaflets or segments linear-
subulate, divaricate ; leaves of involucra and involucels short,
undivided ; fruit ovate : ribs expanded into subundulate, entire,
membranous wings ; mericarps 3 times longer than their diameter.
If. . H. Native of Persia, on hills, Asia Minor, Iberia, Eastern
Caucasus, Italy, and Sicily. Cachrys orientalis ferulae folio,
Tourn. voy. 2. p. 186. with a figure. Laserpitium ferulaceum,
Lin. spec. 358. Cachrys alata, Hoffm. 1. p. 186. Bieb. fl.
taur. 1. p. 217. suppl. 215. Cachrys Libanotis, Guss. prod. 1.
p. 358. but not of Lin. Thapsia laserpitii, Spreng. umb. spec.
32. exclusive of the synonymes? Calyx obsolete. There is
a variety with glabrous leaves. The Italian specimen has larger
UMBELLIFER^E. CLIII. FRANCOS. CLIV. COLLADONIA. CLV. LECOKIA. CLVI. MAGYDARIS.
375
fruit than the Asiatic ones, but they are probably hardly varie-
ties. Flowers yellow, as in the rest of the species.
Giant-fennel-Mke Prangos. Clt. 1752. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
S P. CYLINDRA'CEA (D. C. prod. '4. p. 239.) leaves supra-
decompound, rather hairy ; segments or leaflets linear, diva-
ricate ; leaves of involucra and involucels undivided, linear; fruit
cylindrical, expanded into membranous, entire, subundulated
wings ; mericarps 5 times longer than their diameter. 11 . H.
Native of Calabria. Cachrys cylindrica, Guss. in litt. 1829.
Fruit an inch long ; the section of the mericarps are not semicir-
cular, as in P. ferulacea, but somewhat depressed on the back.
Cylindrical- fruited Prangos. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
4 P. ui6pTERA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 239.) leaves decompound,
glabrous, with the petioles trichotomous ; segments or leaflets
linear ; leaves of involucra and involucels linear, spreading ; fruit
ovate, with very curled membranous wings. I/ . H. Native of
Persia, on rocks at Seidhodzi, in the province of Aderbeidjan,
where it was collected by Szowits. Allied to P. ferulacea, but
evidently distinct from it in the fruit being one-half smaller ; in
the wings being much more curled and white, and in the umbel-
lules being more dense.
Curled-winged- fruited Prangos. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 P. THAPSIOIDES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 340.) leaves supra-de-
compound, glabrous : leaflets or segments subulate, stiffish, shin-
ing ; leaves of involucra and involucels 5-7, undivided, deflexed ;
fruit ovate : having the ribs expanded into thick wings. Tf.. H.
Native of Mount Atlas. Laserpitium thapsioldes, Desf. fl.alt. 1.
p. 252. t. 68. Laserpitium Atlanticum, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 304.
Thapsia Laserpitii, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 613. It dif-
fers from Laserpitium in the petals being yellow, not white, ob-
long, not emarginate. Ribs of fruit few.
Thapsia-j brmed Prangos. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
6 P. ANISOPE'TALA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 240.) plant glabrous ;
leaves decompound : lobes or segments linear, short ; stem
nearly naked ; leaves of involucra and involucels ovate-lanceo-
late, acute, entire ; mericarps of fruit compressed from the back,
oblong : with the ribs expanded into wings, the 3 dorsal ribs
attenuated at the base, and somewhat concrete, the 2 lateral ones
marginating and broader than the rest. 1£. H. Native of
Syria, near Nazareth. It is allied to Cachrys odontdlgica, but
differs in being glabrous, and in the fruit being winged. Calyx
with 5 short teeth.
Unequal-petalled Prangos. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
7 P. FCENICULA'CEA (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 131.) plant quite
glabrous; leaves supra-decompound ; segments setaceous ; leaves
of involucra and involucels lanceolate ; wings of mericarps flat :
furrows naked. If. . H. Native of Caucasus, among rocks or
in stony places, on the higher mountains of Talusch, at the ele-
vation of 2000 or 3000 feet.
Fennel-like Prangos. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. The species of Prangos are of easy culture, but grow
best in a dry soil. They are only to be increased by seeds,
which should be sown in the autumn.
CLIV. COLLADCTNIA (dedicated in honour of F. Colla-
don, M. D. author of a monagraph of Cassia). D. C. prod. 4. p.
240. but not of Spreng.— Perlebia, D. C. coll. mem. v. p. 67.
but not of Mart. — Laserpitium species, Vent. — Cachrys species,
Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx entire.
Petals oval, entire, involute at the apex. Stylopodium depres-
sed, hardly prominent in the fruit. Transverse section of fruit
oval ; mericarps compressed from the sides ; commissure narrow,
furnished with 2 vittae. Mericarps expanded into 5 vertical
membranous wings on the back, with the furrows between the
wings broadish, and furnished with one vitta each. Albumen
involute. — Perennial glabrous herbs. Stems acutely triquetrous,
at length somewhat spirally twisted. Leaves pinnatifid ; lobes
broadly oblong, toothed. Umbels and umbellules of many rays.
Leaves of involucra and involucels many, undivided. Flowers
golden yellow. This genus, according to Lagasca, in obs. apar.
p. 26. is easily distinguished by its character and habit. Perle-
bia is a name given to a genus by Martius, and is therefore
already preoccupied. Colladonia of Sprengel is a species of
Palicourea.
1 C. TRIQCETRA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 240.) If. . H. Native in
the neighbourhood of Constantinople, near the canal. Laserpitium
triquetrum, Vent. eels. t. 97. Cachrys triquetra, Spreng. in
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 443.
Triquetrous-stemmed Colladonia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816.
PI. 3 to 4 feet.
Cult. See Prangos above for culture and propagation.
CLV. LECO'KI A (named after Henry Lecoq, author of an
elementary work on the natural history of Auvergne). D. C. coll.
mem. v. p. 67. t. 2. f. L. prod. 4. p. 240. — Cachrys species,
Tourn. Lam. — Scandix species, Sibth. et Smith.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx with 5
very short teeth. Petals ovate, with an inflexed acumen. Stylo-
podium 2, distinct, conical, permanent, exserted ; styles subu-
late, diverging. Fruit ovate, didymous ; commissure narrow.
Mericarps semi-terete, with 5 obtuse fungous ribs, which are
muricated with prickles. Seed girded by copious vittse. Albu-
men involute, with the central area empty and orbicular. — A
perennial herb, with the appearance of a species of Angelica.
Root a fascicle of tubers. Leaves glabrous, triternate ; leaflets
ovate, coarsely toothed. Umbels of many rays, without invo-
lucra ; rays unequal, angular. Umbellules of 10-15 flowers;
involucels of 5-8 subulate leaves. Flowers white, some of them
in each umbellule sterile.
1 L. CRE'TICA (D. C. 1. c.) "If. . H. Native of Candia and
Cyprus. Cachrys Cretica Angelica? folio et asphodeli radice,
Tourn. inst. 23. Cachrys Cretica, Lam, diet. 1. p. 259. Desf.
ann. mus. 11. p. 274. t. 29. pi. cor. t. 42. Sieb. pi. exsic. cret.
Scandix latifolia, Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 284. Smith in Rees'
cycl. no. 31. Plant dark green, glabrous. Stem furrowed.
Cretan Lecokia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
Cult. See Prangos above for culture and propagation.
CLVI. MAGYDA'RIS (the Latin name of the herb Laser-
wort). Koch, in litt. 1828. D. C. coll. diss. v. t. 68. prod. 4. p.
241. — Eriocikchrys, D. C. in litt. — Cachrys species of authors.
— Athamanta species, Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria. Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obcordate, with an inflexed point. Fruit ovate, villously
tomentose ; mericarps with 5 thick, very blunt ribs, and narrow
furrows. Seed covered all over .with numerous very fine vittae,
convex on the outside, and with a deep involute furrow on the
inside. — Perennial herbs, hoary from villous tomentum in every
part ; referrible to Hernias or Heracleum in habit. Leaves pin-
nate ; leaflets lobed : lobes ovate, toothed, decurrent. Umbels
and umbellules many-flowered, involucrate. Flowers white.
This genus is easily distinguished at once from Cachrys, in the
petals being white and obcordate.
1 M. TOMENTOSA (Koch, in litt. 1828. D. C. prod. 4. p. 241.)
leaves pinnate, with 3-5 large, broadly ovate, toothed, cut leaf-
lets : ultimate leaflets confluent ; all tomentose beneath, and
nearly glabrous above ; leaves of involucra and involucels nu-
merous, elongated, linear, undivided ; fruit ovate ; mericarps
bluntly 5-ribbed, tomentose all over. If. H. Native of Bar-
bary and Sicily. Cachrys tomentosa, Desf. atl. 1. p. 249.
376
UMBELLIFERjE. CLVI. MAGYDARIS. CLVII. HBRMAS. CLVIII. CONIUM.
Cachrys Pastinaca, Lam. diet. 1. p. 260. C. Panax Siculum
Ucria. C. panacifolia, Vahl, symb. 1. p. 25. ? Guss. prod. fl.
sic. 1. p. 327. Athamanta panacifolia var. Spreng. umb. spec.
140. — Bocc. sic. t. 1. Moris, ox. sect. 9. t. 1. f. 4. Leaves like
those of Heracleum spondy Hum.
Tomentose Magydaris. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. 3 ft.
2 M. AMsiauA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 241.) leaves pinnate, with 5
oval-oblong crenulated leaflets, which are glabrous above, and
scabrous on the nerves beneath, as well as on the petioles : ulti-
mate ones distinct ; leaves of involucra and involucels numerous,
lanceolate-linear, undivided ; fruit ovate, woolly. If. . H. Na-
tive of Mauritania, near Tangiers. Cachrys ambigua, Salzm.
pi. exsic. 1825. This species is intermediate between the pre-
ceding and following; to the first in the fruit, and to the last in
the analogy of the leaves.
Ambiguous Magydaris. PI. 3 feet.
3 M. PANA'CINA (D.C. prod. 4. p. 241.) leaves on long petioles,
some of them undivided, oval-oblong, and toothed : others are
pinnate, with the ultimate segments confluent, all scabrous be-
neath on the nerves, and on the petioles ; leaves of involucra
and involucels numerous, deflexed, undivided ; fruit oblong, be-
set with spreading villi, hardly furrowed. % . H. Native of
Spain. Cachrys panacifolia, Vahl, symb. 1. p. 25. Brot. fl. his.
1. p. 434. Athamanta panacifolia, Spreng. umb. spec. 1. p.
140 — Tuero, Clus. hist. 2. p. 192.
Panax-leaved Magydaris. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI.
3 feet.
Cult. See Perdngos, p. 375. for culture and propagation.
CLVII. HE'RMAS (a name the meaning of which is wholly
unknown). Lin. gen. no. 1332. Thunb. nov. act. petrop. 14. p.
531. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 30. t. 85. Lam. ill. t. 851. Lag. am.
nat. 2. p. 102. D. C. prod. 4. p. 241.
LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-parted,
foliaceous, permanent. Petals oval-oblong, acute, keeled, en-
tire, equal. Fruit ovate ; mericarps rather inflated, compressed
from the back, 5-ribbed, the dorsal rib exserted, the two middle
ones larger, and the 2 marginating ones small, and placed under
the commissure ; vittse many in the furrows, which are broad.
Seed elliptic, somewhat concave on the inside, and probably re-
volute, not adnate to the tegument. — Cape herbs, having the
leaves clothed with soft white tomentum. Leaves undivided,
hardly toothed. Umbels compound, nearly globose, of many
rays. Involucrum of many leaves ; involucels of 3 leaves.
Rays of umbellules many ; outer ones bearing sterile male
flowers : the inner one or three bearing hermaphrodite flowers ;
the pedicels of the sterile or abortive flowers setaceous and per-
manent after the inflorescence, forming as it were an involucel
to the fertile flowers. Lateral umbels sterile, male. Flowers
white or purple.
1 H. OIGANTE'A (Lin. fil. suppl. 435.) radical leaves on long
petioles, oval or oblong, somewhat serrated, clothed with dense
soft tomentum on both surfaces. I/ . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Thunb. nov. act. petrop. 14. p. 529. t. 11. fl.
cap. 249. Bupleurum giganteum, Thunb. prod. 50. Leaves
from the dense tomentum usually entire. The upper part of the
plant and umbels glabrous. Petals purple, ex Thunb. The
wool scraped from the leaves is used for tinder at the Cape of
Good Hope, as that from Artemisia is in China and Japan.
Gigantic Hermas. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1794. PI. 4 feet.
2 H. VILLOSA (Thunb. nov. act. petrop. 14. p. 531. fl. cap.
249.) leaves ovate-oblong, acute, somewhat cordate at the base,
stem-clasping, toothed, glabrous above, and clothed with white
tomentum beneath. Tf. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope,
on the Table Mountain. Burm. afr. t. 71. f. 2. Bupleurum
villosum, Lin. spec. 343. Burm. fl. cap. p. 7. H. depauperata,
Lam. diet. 3. p. 121. ill. t. 351. f. 1. Stem tomentose between
the leaves, -nd glabrous above. There is also tomentum under
the bracteas and involucra. Stems purple.
Var. /3, depauperata (D. C. prod. 4. p. 242.) leaves on short
petioles, velvety beneath from short rufous tomentum ; invo-
lucra and bracteas glabrous at the base. 1£. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Hermas depauperata, Lin. mant. 299.
Perhaps a proper species.
Fillous Hermas. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1795. PI. 1 to 3 ft.
3 H. CAPITA'TA (Lin. fil. suppl. 435.) radical leaves petiolate,
ovate-cordate, obtuse, crenately toothed, glabrous above, but
clothed with white tomentum beneath ; stem glabrous at the
apex. 1£ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the
Table Mountain. Thunb. nov. act. petrop. 14. p. 532. t. 12.
fl. cap. 248. Lam. diet. 3. p. 122. ill. 851. f. 2. Leaves of in-
volucra 3-nerved. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from the follow-
ing. Umbels capitate. Scape biumbellate.
Capitate-fiowereA Hermas. PI. 1^ foot.
4 H. QUINQUEDENTA'TA (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 43(5.) leaves almost
radical, petiolate, ovate, cuneated at the base, few-toothed, naked
above, but clothed with white tomentum beneath ; stem sub-
tomentose even to the apex. If. . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, on the Table Mountain. Bupleurum quinqueden-
tatum, Thunb. prod. p. 50. H. quinquedentata, Thunb. nov.
act. petrop. 14. p. 533. t. 12. fl. cap. 249. Leaves of involucra
striated with 3 longitudinal nerves. Corolla white. Stem fili-
form. Umbels nearly globose.
Five-toolhed-]ea\ed Hermas. PI. 1 foot.
5 H. CILIA'TA (Lin. fil. suppl. 4. p. 436.) leaves radical, pe-
tiolate, ovate or obovate, obtuse, ciliated, naked above, and
clothed with white tomentum beneath ; umbels few, densely
capitate ; male flowers on long peduncles, exserted. I/ . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the Mountains.
Burm. afr. t. 72. f. 1. Bupleurum ciliatum, Thunb. prod. 50.
H. ciliata, Thunb. nov. act. petrop. 14. p. 531. fl. cap. 248.
Stem glabrous, leafless. Petioles length of the limbs. Corolla
white.
Ciliated-leaved Hermas. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI.
]-| foot.
Cult. A mixture of peat, sand, and loam is the best soil for
the species of Hermas, and they may be either increased by seed
or cuttings.
CLVIII. CO'NIUM (said by Linnaeus to be from KOVIC, or
Kovia, konis, or konia, dust or powder ; but the application of the
term is not evident). Lin. gen. no. 469. Hoflfm. umb. p. 99.
t. 1. f. 3. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 103. Koch, umb. p. 135. f.
40. — Cicuta, Tourn. inst. t. 160. Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 22. Lam.
diet. 2. p. 3.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digy'nia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obcordate, somewhat emarginate, with a short inflexed
point. Fruit ovate, compressed from the sides ; mericarps with
5 prominent equal undulately-crenulated ribs : lateral ones mar-
ginating ; furrows with many striae, but without vittse. Carpo-
phore bifid at the apex. Seed with a deep narrow furrow, and
as if it were complicate. — 'Biennial poisonous herbs, natives of
Europe. Root fusiform. Stem terete, branched. Leaves de-
compound. Involucra of 3-5 leaves ; involucels dimidiate.
Flowers white, all fertile.
1 C. MACULA'TUM (Lin. spec. 349.) leaves of involucels lan-
ceolate, shorter than the umbellules. <J . H. Native through-
out the whole of Europe, in cultivated ground, among rubbish,
and on dung hills; also of the eastern parts of Asia, North
America, and Chili, where it has been introduced ; plentiful in
some parts of Britain. Schkuhr, handb. t. 62. Bull. herb. t. 63.
UMBELLIFERjE. CLVIII. CONIUM. CLIX. VICATIA. CLX. ARRACACIIA.
377
Hayn. arz. gew. 1. t. SI. Sowerb. engl. hot. t. 1191. Jacq.
austr. 2. t. 156. Woodv. med. hot. t. 22. Flench, icon. t. 183.
Cicuta maculata, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 104. Cicuta major, Lam.
diet. 2. p. 3. Coriandrum Cicuta, Crantz, austr. 24. Coriandrum
maculatum, Roth, fl. germ. 1. p. 130. Cicuta, Hall. helv. no.
766. Riv. pent. irr. 75. Blackw. t. 451. Lob. icon. 732. f. 1.
Cicuta domestica, Mor. umb. 18. c. b. sect. 9. t. 6. f. 1. C6-
nium tenuif61ium, Mill. diet. no. 2. Stem hollow, green, but
often of a livid colour, marked with dark spots. Hemlock is
obviously distinguished from all other umbelliferous plants by
its spotted stem, by the dark and shining green colour of the
bottom leaves, and particularly by their disagreeable smell when
bruised. According to Linnaeus, sheep eat the leaves, and
horses, cows, and goats refuse it. Ray informs us, that the
thrush will feed upon the seeds even when corn is to be had.
Hemlock has been stigmatised as one of the most noxious of
vegetable poisons, has for many years been considered as a
highly useful and powerful article of the Materia Medica, and
it has been proved that though highly deleterious when impru-
dently used, yet in small doses it has been productive of consi-
derable benefit in cases which have resisted the usual methods.
The first physician who endeavoured to bring hemlock into repute
as a medicine was Baron Stoerck, of Vienna, who announced its
extraordinary effects in the most inveterate chronic disorders in
1760. The whole plant is a virulent poison, but varying very
much in strength, according to circumstances. When taken in
an over-dose, it produces vertigo, dimness of sight, difficulty of
speech, nausea, fetid eructations, anxiety, tremors, and paralysis
of the limbs. But Dr. Stoerck found that in small doses it may
be taken in great safety, and that, without at all disordering the
constitution, or even producing any sensible operation, it some-
times proves a powerful remedy in many obstinate disorders.
In scirrhus, the internal and external use of hemlock has been
found useful, but mercury has been generally used at the same
time. In open cancer it often abates the pain, and is free from
the constipating effects of opium. It is likewise used in
scrofulous tumours, and in other ill-conditioned ulcers. It is
also recommended by some in chin-cough, and various other
diseases. Its most common and best form is that of the powdered
leaves, in the dose at first of 2 or 3 grains a day, which in some
cases has been gradually increased to upwards of 2 ounces a day.
An extract from the seeds is said to produce giddiness sooner
than that from the leaves.
Hemlock should not be gathered unless its peculiar smell be
strong. The leaves should be collected in the month of June,
when the plant is in flower. The leaflets should be picked off,
and the footstalks thrown away. The leaflets are then to be
dried quickly in a hot sun, or rather on tin plates before a fire,
and preserved in bags of strong brown paper, or powdered and
kept in close vessels, excluded from the light ; for the light soon
dissipates their green colour, and with it the virtues of the medi-
cine. The narcotic seeds are most active and uniform when
perfectly ripe. When the fresh root is wounded, it yields a bit-
ter and acrid juice, which Stoerck found to excite in the tongue
swelling, stiffness, violent pain, and transient paralysis. Pfaff is
of opinion, that the virtues of the hemlock reside in a volatile
principle, which, however, he was not able to obtain separate.
Dr. Paris says, that the medicinal activity of the plant resides in
a resinous element, which may be obtained in an insulated form
by evaporating an etherial tincture made with the leaves on the
surface of water. It has a rich dark green colour, and tastes
of hemlock in perfection. A dose of half a grain will produce
vertigo and headache.
Var. |3, strialum (Tratt. arch. 1. t. 24.) stem diffuse, much
branched, very straight ; umbels and umbellules proliferous.
VOL. III.
$ . H. Native of Hungary, at the river Leitha, Schultes, syst.
6. p. 655.
jS/>o^<?rf-stemmed or Common Hemlock. Fl. June, July. Brit.
PI. 4 to 6 feet.
2 C. CROA'TICUM (Waldst. et Kit. in Willd. enum. p. 305.)
leaves of involucels linear, equal in length to the umbellules or
exceeding them. $ . H. Native of Croatia. According to
Kittnbail and Willd. this is a distinct species ; but it is only a
variety of the preceding according to Schultes, Koch, and Host.
The cultivated plant is hardly to be distinguished from the
common species, unless in its more glaucous hue.
Croatian Hemlock. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. 5 to
6 feet.
Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in the open ground
in autumn.
CLIX. VICATIA (named after M. Vicat, who has wrote
upon poisonous plants). D. C. prod. 4. p. 243. — Slson species,
Wall.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx entire.
Petals unknown. Styles short, at length diverging. Fruit
ovate-oblong. Mericarps almost semi-terete, with 5 filiform
ribs : and broad flat furrows containing many small vittae each ;
commissure narrow. Carpophore thick, rather bifid at the apex.
Albumen furnished with a furrow in the commissure, convex on
the outside. — A glabrous erect herb, native of Nipaul. Leaves
petiolate, bipinnate ; leaflets bipinnatifid : lobes linear, acute,
slender. Stems sparingly leafy at the base ; the rest naked.
Umbels terminal, without any involucrum, of many rays ; rays
unequal, umbellules of the shorter ones sterile. Involucels want-
ing, or very small, and of few leaves. Habit of Cbnium, but the
character is near that of Arracaclia. Fruit almost like that of
the genus Pimpinella, but differs in the seed being curved.
1 V. CONIIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 243.) T£. ? H. Native of
Nipaul, at Kamaon. Slson ? coniifolium, Wall. mss. Herb 1-'
foot high. Leaves a foot long, of a thin membranous consis-
tence.
Hemlock-leaved Vicatia. PI. 1^- foot.
Cult. This plant will grow in any soil or situation, and will
be easily propagated by seed.
CLX. ARRACA'CHA (the name of the plant by the Spa-
niards of South America). Bancr. in gart. dir. p. 382. ex
Linnaaa. litt. 1829. p. 13. D. C. in bibl. univ. 1829. Jan. p. 74.
prod. 4. p. 243. — C6nium species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obso-
lete. Petals lanceolate or ovate, entire, with an inflexed point,
curved above the middle nerve. Stylopodium conical, thick ;
styles diverging, at length reflexed. Fruit ovate-oblong, some-
what compressed from the sides ; mericarps with 5 equal, not
crenulated ribs : lateral ribs marginating ; vittae many in the
furrows. Albumen nearly semi-terete, furnished with a furrow
in the commissure. — Perennial South American herbs, of a salu-
brious quality. Roots tuberous, thick, edible. Leaves pinnate
or bipinnate : leaflets deeply toothed, lower ones tripartite. Um-
bels opposite the leaves or terminal. Involucrum wanting or of
one leaf ; involucels of 3 leaves. Flowers polygamous; those
of the rays hermaphrodite, and those of the disk male or imper-
fect. Petals white. This genus is nearly allied to Cbnium, but
differs in the form of the petals, and in the ribs of the fruit being
entire, not undulately crenulated.
1 A. ESCULE'NTA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 244.) leaves pinnate ;
leaflets 5, broadly ovate, acuminated, deeply pinnatifid, pro-
foundly serrated : the 2 lower leaflets petiolate, subternate ; in-
volucrum wanting ; ribs of fruit obtuse. If. . F. Native of
3 C
378
UMBELLIFERJi. CLX. ARRACACHA. CLXI. PLEUROSPERMUM. CLXII. HYMENOL.ENA.
South America, at Santa Fe <le Bogota, and of the Caraccas,
where it is cultivated for culinary purposes under the name of
Arracacha. Conium Arracacha, Hook. exot. fl. hot. t. 152.
Arracacha xanthorhlza, Bancroft, 1. c. who first published the
history and uses of the plant in Alced. diet, geogr. amer. ex
Vargas, in Keen. ami. 1. p. 400. Bancr. in rev. brit. 1826.
Root forming large oblong tubers in cultivation. Stem 1-| foot
high. Petioles tubular.
The first account which reached our country of this interest-
ing and valuable plant was published in the first volume of the
Annals of Botany, about the year 1805, from a communication
made to the editors of that excellent work by Mr. Vargas, a
native of Santa Fe de Bogota, who at that period was residing
in London. The arracacha is one of the most useful vegetables
in that part of South America ; in some parts of the country it
is called apio, from its resemblance to celery. The roots im-
mediately divide into 4 or 5 branches, and each of these, if the
soil be light, and the season favourable, will grow to the size of
a cow's horn. This root yields a food, which is prepared in the
same manner as potatoes, is grateful to the palate, and so easy
of digestion, that it constitutes the chief aliment of the sick ;
starch and pastry are made from its fecula ; and the roots, re-
duced to a pulp enter into the composition of certain fermented
liquors, supposed to be efficacious as tonics. In the city of
Santa Fe, and indeed wherever it can be procured, the arracacha
is as universally used as the potatoe is with us. The cultivation
of this plant requires a deep black soil, that will easily yield to
the descent of the large vertical roots. It is propagated by
planting pieces of the root, in each of which is an eye or shoot ;
these acquire in 3 or 4 months a size sufficient for culinary pur-
poses, though if permitted to continue 6 months in the ground,
they attain to immense dimensions, without any injury to their
flavour. The colour of the root is white, yellow, or purple, but
all the varieties have the same quality. Like the potatoe, the
arracacha does not thrive in the hotter regions of America,
for in such parts the roots acquire no size, and are indifferent in
flavour, and sometimes run altogether to stems. In the coun-
tries which are there called temperate, being less hot than those
at the foot of the Cordilleras, this vegetable sometimes succeeds ;
but never so well as in the elevated region of those mountains,
where the medium heat is between 58° and 60° of Fahrenheit.
Here it is that these roots grow the most luxuriant, and acquire
the most delicious taste. Before Vargas this plant was not men-
tioned by any other American writer, except by Alcedo, who
notices it in a few words, at the end of his " Diccionario Geo-
graphico-historico de las Indias Occidentales O America." Ac-
cording to the late Baron de Schack, the arracacha is an essen-
tial article of food, not only to the poor, but to the rich,
throughout Santa Fe and New Granada, and is every where cul-
tivated as carrots are with us. It is also cultivated abundantly
in the Caraccas and the adjacent mountainous country.
Plants of the arracacha have been introduced to this country,
but have not succeeded, although every situation, temperature,
and soil have been tried ; they have only produced at best a few
leaves, and at the end of the year or less have perished alto-
gether. Mr. Shepherd of Liverpool alone has been so fortu-
nate as to have a few plants flowering in his garden.
Esculent Arracacha. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
2 A. MOSCHA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 244.) leaves bipinnate, or
tripinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid : lobes ovate, acutish, serrated ;
involucrum of 1-3 jagged leaves; ribs of fruit acute. If.. F.
Native of South America, in the province of de los Pastos, near
Teindela, where it is called by the inhabitants Sacharachaca.
Herb smelling of musk. Conium moschatum, H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 14. t. 420.
Musk Arracacha. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI. 2 feet.
Cult. These plants are of easy culture if kept from the frost ;
they may be either increased by seed or dividing at the root.
CLXI. PLEUROSPE'RMUM (from *\cvpov, pleuron, a rib,
and avipp.a, sperma, a seed ; in allusion to the mericarps being
furnished with a double membrane, both having ribs). Hoffm.
umb. in praef. p. 9. lit. f. 16. 22. Koch, umb. 6. p. 457. Spreng.
in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 39. D. C. prod. 4. p. 244 — Ligusti-
cum species, Lin. — Physospermum, Vela et Lag. am. nat. 2. p.
75. and 97. but not of Cuss. — Enymonospermum, Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals obovate, entjre, flat, or somewhat attenuately inflexed at
the apex. Fruit ovate, somewhat compressed from the sides ;
mericarps furnished with a double membrane, outer membrane
inflated into 5 hollow winged ribs ; interior one closely adnate
to the seed, elevated into 5 smaller ribs, situated under the ex-
terior ones ; furrows of the inner membrane furnished with 1-2
vitta each. Commissure furnished with 2 vittae. Carpophore
filiform, bipartite. Seed semi-lunar. — Perennial glabrous herbs.
Leaves bipinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid, cut : lobes acute. Stem
fistular. Involucra and involucels of many foliaceous leaves.
Flowers white.
1 P. AUSTRIVACUM (Hoffm. 1. c.) vittse one in each furrow of
the fruit; ribs bluntish. If. H. Native of the Alps of Dau-
phiny, Provence, Switzerland, Silesia, Austria, and of the Car-
pathian Mountains. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 457. Ligusticum
Austriacum, Lin. spec. 36. Jacq. austr. 151. All. pedem. t. 43.
Ligusticum Gmelini, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 610. t. 13. exclusive of
the synonyme of Gmel. Ligusticum Archani^elica, Geners. el
scept. no. 252. ex Schultes. Ligust. Sprengelii, Sieh. in Spreng.
umb. spec. 124. Physospermum Cussoni, Lag. am. nat. 2. p.
97. Ligust. Hacquetii, Guss. pi. rar. p. 132. Athamanta
Golaka, Hacq. pi. earn. t. 5. Athamanta Galatta, Gmel. Plant
glabrous. Leaves ternately pinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid, decur-
rent at the base ; segments cuneiform, oblong, deeply toothed.
Leaves of involucra oval-lanceolate, entire, permanent. Umbels
all fertile. Fruit oval, glabrous. Stems furrowed.
Austrian Pleurospermum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1597. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
2 P. UKALE'NSIS (Hoffm. 1. c.) vittse one in each furrow of
the fruit; ribs very acute. Tf.. H. Native of Siberia, on the
Ural Mountains. Ligusticum, Gmel. sib. 1. t. 45. This plant
differs from Pleurospermum Austriacum in the rays of the umbel
being evidently velvety when examined by a lens ; the colour of
the leaves is more glaucous ; the petals more obtuse at the apex,
and flat.
Ural Pleurospermum. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
3 P. KAMTSCHA'TICUM (Hoffm. 1. c.) vittae 2 in the furrows of
the fruit ; ribs somewhat denticulated ; membranes almost co-
hering between themselves. J/. H. Native of Kamtschatka.
Petals obovate, with somewhat undulated margins, a little in-
flexed at the apex. A plant agreeing with this was found about
Irkutsk in Siberia, but differs in the leaves of the involucra being
sometimes multifid, as is sometimes the case in P. Austriacum.
Kamtschatka Pleurospermum. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
4 P. ARCHANGE'UCA (Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 369.) I/. H. Native
of Siberia. This plant is not well known. It has the habit
exactly of Archangtlica afficinalis, and grows in the same
places with it. The fruit is grey or dirty yellow.
Archangelica-like Pleurospermum. PI. 4 to 6 feet.
Cult. Any common soil will suit these plants ; and they may
either be increased by dividing at the root or by seed.
CLXII. HYMENOL^NA (from tyqv, hymen, a membrane,
and x\aiva, chlaina, a cloak ; in reference to the ribs of the fruit
UMBELLIFER^E. CLXII. HYMENOL^NA. CLXIII. PHYSOSI-ERMUM.
379
being winged and membranous). D. C. prod. 4. p. 244. — Ligus-
ticum spec. Wall. mss.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obovate, entire, flat or attenuately inflexed at the apex.
Fruit ovate or oblong ; mericarps with 5 exserted nearly equal
winged ribs ; vittse 2 in the commissure, which is flat, and one
in each furrow. Seed with a furrow in front, convex on the
outside. Carpophore bipartite. — Perennial glabrous herbs, na-
tives of the mountains of Nipaul. Leaves decompound. Umbels
terminal, of many rays. Involucra and involucels of many leaves,
which are membranous, and are usually toothed or cut. This
genus is allied to Molopospermum on the one hand, and Pleuro-
spermum on the other ; it differs from the first in the commissure
being flat, in the ribs being equally winged, and in there being
no empty canal before the commissure, &c. ; and from the last
in the fruit having the membranes joined together, and from
both in the obsolete margin of the calyx. Perhaps this genus
should be divided into two, from the oblong or ovate fruit of the
species, and from the seeds being angular or convex on the
outer side ; but in most of the species the fruit is not sufficiently
known.
1 H. ANGEHCOIVDES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 246.) leaves ternate ;
leaflets tripartite : lobes oval-lanceolate, acuminated, toothed :
teeth ovate, mucronate ; leaves of involucra and involucels lan-
ceolate-linear, acuminated, entire, with membranous margins.
If. . H. Native of Nipaul, on the highest mountains at Ka-
maon and Gosaingsthan. Ligusticum angelicoides, Wall. mss.
Habit, when dried, almost of Ligusticum Scoticum. Fruit ob-
long, 5 lines long, somewhat compressed from the sides. Seed
with very prominent angles, as in Molopospermum, but the com-
missure is flat and bivittate. Leaves of involucels 6-8 lines long,
membranous.
Angelica-like Hymenolsena. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 H. ROTUNDA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 245.) leaves ternate,
rarely triternate ; leaflets ovate-roundish, obtuse, toothed : teeth
roundish, hardly mucronate ; leaves of involucra 1-2, of the in-
volucels 4-7, linear-lanceolate, acute, membranous, entire. 1£.
H. Native of Nipaul, on Gosaingsthan and Himalaya. Ligus-
ticum rotundatum, Wall. mss. Petioles broadly dilated at the
base, many-nerved, those of the radical leaves very long, and
those of the cauline ones gradually shorter, till at length the
uppermost ones are very short. Leaves sometimes tripartite.
Roundish-l'eaved Hymenolaena. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
3 H. PUMILA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 245.) leaves pinnate; leaf-
lets 5, ovate, deeply pinnatifid : lobes equally toothed : teeth
roundish, mucronate ; stems scape-formed, nearly naked ; leaves
of involucra 2-3, of the involucels 4-5, lanceolate, acute, mem-
branous, entire. If.. H. Native of Nipaul, at Gosaingsthan.
Ligusticum pumilum, Wall. mss. Herb a foot high when in
flower. Leaves radical, or 1-2 rising from the base of the stem.
Umbels of 7-8 rays. Leaves of involucra sometimes drawn
out into a small cut leaf.
Dwarf Hymenolsena. PI. 1 foot.
4 H. DENTA'TA (D. C. 1. c.) radical leaves ternate, with tri-
fid petioles ; leaflets bipinnatifid ; cauline leaves bipinnate : leaf-
lets ovate, acute, serrated ; leaves of involucra 1-3, of the invo-
lucels 7-8, lanceolate, acuminated, membranous, undulately-
serrulated. %. H. Native of Nipaul, at Kamaon and Go-
saingsthan. Ligusticum dentatum, Wall. mss. Leaves membra-
nous. Rays of umbel 5-8, angular, somewhat puberulous.
Leaves of involucels exceeding the flowers.
Var.fi, erosa (D. C. 1. c.) cauline leaves pinnate: leaflets
tripartite : lobes ovate-oblong, irregularly and deeply toothed ;
umbels of 15-18 rays: rays scabrous; leaves of involucra 5-6,
lanceolate, serrated, of the involucels 7-8, obovate, erosely-
serrated, tipped by a mucrone. %. . H. Native of Nipaul.
Toothed-leaved Hymenolaana. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 H. CANDOLLII (D. C. 1. c.) leaves pinnate : leaflets petio-
late, ovate, deeply pinnatifid : lobes deeply serrated at the apex ;
peduncles in fascicles ; umbels and umbellules crowded ; leaves
of involucra and involucels many, obovate, obtuse, membra-
nous, large, entire. 2(..H. Native of Nipaul, on the Hima-
laya, at the temple of Buddrinath. Ligusticum Candollii, Wall,
mss. Herb hardly a foot high, agreeing- with Pleurospermwn
in habit. Upper leaves membranous, emulating the leaves of
the involucra. Leaves of involucrum nearly an inch long.
De Candolle's Hymenolaena. PI. 1 foot.
6 H. BRUNONIS (D. C. 1. c.) leaves capillaceously multifid ;
segments linear, acute ; leaves of involucra 5-6,membranaceously
dilated, multifid at the apex : of the involucels 6-8, membra-
nous, some of which are undivided, with the middle nerve
simple : and others are trifid, with the middle nerve trifurcate.
I/ . H. Native of the mountains of Nipaul, on the Himalaya,
Kamaon, and Gosaingsthan. Ligusticum Brunonis, Wall. mss.
There are varieties of this having the leaves of the involucels
smaller, length of the flowers, and larger exceeding the flowers.
Brown's Hymenolaena. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
7 H. GOVANIA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 246.) leaves pinnate :
leaflets deeply pinnatifid : lobes oblong-linear, acute ; leaves of
involucra 5-7, multifid, much shorter than the rays of the um-
bels ; leaves of involucels membranous at the base and margin,
multifid at the apex, and exceeding the flowers. If. . H. Native
of the Snowy Mountains ofSirmore. Ligusticum Govanianum,
Wall. mss. Leaves like those of A*pium. Rays of umbel 7-8,
unequal. Stem striated.
Govan's Hymenolaena. PI. 1 foot.
8 H. BENTHA'MI (D. C. 1. c.) leaves pinnate : leaflets 5-7,
ovate, cuneated at the base, coarsely toothed, trifid or tripartite :
teeth mucronate ; leaves of involucra foliaceous, oblong, deeply
toothed, much shorter than the rays of the umbels ; involucels
about the length of the flowers. 1£ . H. Native of Nipaul, at
Gosaingsthan. Ligusticum Benthami, Wall. mss. Fruit ovate ;
mericarps somewhat compressed from the back, with broad fur-
rows and narrow winged ribs. Seed convex on the back.
Bentham's Hymenolsena. PI. 1 foot.
9 H. OBTUSIU'SCULA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves pinnate : leaflets 5-7,
ovate, deeply pinnatifid, bluntly toothed: leaves of involucra
foliaceous, dilated at the base, and multifid at the apex, a little
shorter than the rays of the umbel ; leaves of involucels oblong,
foliaceous, deeply toothed. I/ . H. Native of Nipaul, at Go-
saingsthan. Ligusticum obtusiusculum, Wall. mss. Fruit ovate ;
mericarps semi-ovate, with broad furrows, and undulately -tooth-
ed narrow-winged ribs. Carpophore thick, bipartite. Seed
semi-ovate, obtuse on the back.
Bluntish-seeded Hymenolaena. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. See Pleurospermum, p. 378. for culture and propagation.
CLXIII. PHYSOSPE'RMUM (from <j>v<ra, physa, a blad-
der, and airtpfia, sperma, a seed ; in reference to the tegument
not adhering to the seed in the young state). Cusson, mem. soc.
med. par. 1782. p. 279. Spreng. mem. soc. mosc. 5. p. 1. t. 1.
f. 1-3. Koch, umb. 134. D. C. prod. 4. p. 246. — Danaa, All.
pedem. no. 1392. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 311. Lag. am. nat. 2. p.
97. but not of Smith. — Haenselera, Lag. gen. et spec. p. 13. —
Vela, in Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 75.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals obovate, somewhat emarginate, with an inflexed point.
Fruit contracted from the sides, didymous ; mericarps reniformly
globose, with 5 filiform, slender, equal ribs : the lateral ribs
placed in front of the margins ; vittae broad, one in each furrow.
Seed involutely semi-lunar. — Perennial herbs. Lower leaves
triternately cut ; upper ones often reduced to the scale-formed
3c 2
380
UMBELLIFER^E. CLXIII. PHYSOSPERMUM. CLXIV. SMYRNIUM.
slieaths. Leaves of involucra and involucels many. Flowers
white. The tegument does not adhere to the fruit in the young
state, but when ripe it does, whence the name is incongruous
when the fruit is mature.
1 P. AQUILEGIFOLIUM (Koch, 1. c.) lower leaves triternate,
glabrous ; leaflets cuneated, deeply toothed ; upper leaves many,
reduced to the quite entire stipula-formed sheaths. I/ . H.
Native of Taui ia, Italy, Spain, and Portugal, in woods and shady
places. Danaa aquilegifolia, All. pedem. no. 1392. t. 63. Haen-
selera damaecornis, Lag. 1. c. Ligusticum aquilegifblium, Willd.
spec. 1. p. 1425. Balb. mem. acad. taur. 1804. p. 333. Sison
sylvaticum, Brot. fl. lus. 37. Danaa sylvatica, Lag. am. nat. 2.
p. 97. Oreoselinum Lusitanicum, Tourn. herb. Smyrnium
medicaule, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 238. Spreng. umb. spec. t. 4. f.
7. Pimpinella Danaa, Bieb. casp. p. 163.
Columbine-leaved Physospermum. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1817.
PI. 3 feet.
2 P. CORNUBIE'NSE (D. C. prod. 4. p. 246,) lower leaves tri-
ternate, glabrous ; leaflets cuneate-lanceolate, deeply toothed :
uppermost ones reduced to the sheaths, each sheath bearing 3
linear, nearly entire leaflets. Tj.. H. Native only of Cornwall,
in thickets, among bushes, and in hedges ; in great plenty in the
neighbourhood of Bodmin. Ligusticum Cornubiense, Lin. spec,
p. 359. Smith, engl. bot. t. 683. Smith, icon. pict. t. 11.
Physospermum commutatum, Spreng. umb. spec. t. 4. f. 8. ex-
clusive of many synonymes. Dan&a aquilegifolia, Lag. am. nat.
2. p. 97. ? ex synonymeof Spreng. Cornwall Saxifrage, Petiv.
herb. brit. t. 26. f. 9. Cattle are so fond of the plant that they
eat it down to the ground. The root contains a yellow resinous
juice.
Cornish Physospermum. Fl. Jul. Aug. Engl. PL 2 to 3 ft.
3 P. CICUTA'RIUM (Spreng. umb. spec. 23.) lower leaves supra-
decompound : cauline ones decompound : upper ones ternate ;
leaflets 3-lobed, toothed, acute ; stem leafy, furrowed. 3£. H.
Native of Eastern Caucasus. Smyrnium cicutarium, Bieb. fl.
taur. 1. p. 239. suppl. 249. Ligusticum Caucasicum, Willd.
herb, ex Schultes, syst. 6. p. 457. Umbels lateral and ter-
minal.
Cicuta-tike Physospermum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
4 P. ANGELicjEF6r,iuM (Guss. ind. sem. 1825. prod. fl. sic. 1.
p. 356.) stem furrowed, nearly naked ; radical leaves biternate,
with the ramifications not divaricate : leaflets of the lower leaves
ovate, of the superior ones oval-oblong, 2-3-parted, dentately
serrated, glabrous above, and pubescent beneath. I/ . H. Na-
tive of Sicily, on sliady gravelly parts of mountains. Leaves
like those of Angelica sylcestris.
Angelica-leaded Physospermum. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. See Pleurospermum, p. 378. for culture and propaga-
tion.
CLXIV. SMY'RNIUM (from oyit/pm, srnyrna, a synonyme
of fivppa. ; the odour of myrrh is common to many umbellifer-
ous plants, among others the My'rrhis odorata, for which reason
it is so named). Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 101. Koch, umb. p. 133. f.
38, 39. D. C. prod. 4. p. 247. — Smyrnium species, Lin. and
Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals lanceolate or elliptic, entire, acuminated, with an indexed
point. Fruit contracted from the sides, didymous from the
mericarps being reniformly globose ; mericarps with 3 dorsal,
rather prominent sharp ribs, and 2 lateral, nearly obliterated
marginal ones ; vittae many in the furrows. Carpophore bipar-
tite. Seed involute — Erect, biennial, glabrous herbs. Roots
fleshy. Leaves variable. Umbels terminal. Involucra variable.
Flowers yellow or greenish-yellow, usually polygamous.
1 S. OLUSA'IRUM (Lin. spec. 376.) stem terete ; cauline leaves
ternate ; leaflets ovate, serrated ; involucels very short. $ . H.
Native of Middle and South Europe, in humid places ; as in
France, Spain, Italy, Belgium, and Britain. It is rather a mari-
time plant, and is found near our coast in various places, as
about Scarborough Castle, and about Dover ; it is common
in Anglesea and in all the western counties, and in the flat
parts of Gloucestershire, as also in many places of Dorset-
shire. It occurs also about many inland towns, as Notting-
ham, York, Bury, Newmarket, and about Mackerell's Tower,
Norwich. In several places of Cambridgeshire, Worcester-
shire, Kent, and Middlesex. In Scotland upon the coast of
Dunglass, on the edge of Berwickshire. Lam. ill. 204. Smith,
engl. bot. t. 230. S. Mathioli, Tourn. inst. 316. — Lob.
icon. 708. f. 2. Moris, sect. 9. t. 4. The whole herb is of
a pale bright green, in flavour something like celery. Lower
leaves biternate : upper ones ternate. Petioles inflated. Um-
bels globular. Flowers greenish white. The plant was for-
merly eaten in various parts of Europe, either as a salad or pot-
herb, whence, and from its blackness, the name olusatrum, from
olus and ater. Ray says it was called Alexanders, because in
Italy and Germany it had long been denominated herba alexan-
drina; having been supposed to have been brought from Alex-
andria. It flowers in May, and by the middle of July the
stalks are dried up, but remain laden with large black seeds.
Olusatrum or Common Alexanders. Fl. May. Britain. PI.
2 to 4 feet.
2 S. APIIFOLIUM (Willd. spec. 1. p. 1468.) stem terete; cau-
line leaves cuneiform, obtuse, trifid, toothed : involucra and in-
volucels wanting. $ . H. Native of Candia. Schultes, syst.
6. p. 440. S. Creticum paludapifolio, Tourn. cor. 23. S. Cre-
ticum, Mill. diet. no. 4. Perhaps only a variety of the preced-
ing. Stem angular, glabrous. The lower leaves of this plant
are much smaller than those of the preceding, and more like
those of smallage ; the umbels are also smaller, and the seeds are
less.
Smallage-leaved Alexanders. Fl. May. Clt. 1731. PI. 2
to 3 feet.
3 S. ROTUNDIFOLIUM (Mill. diet. no. 2.) stem terete ; cauline
leaves stem-clasping, orbicular, quite entire, or hardly toothed.
$ . H. Native of the islands in the Mediterranean, as in Cor-
sica, Sicily, Cos, &c. on the mountains. Moretti, pi. ital. dec.
2. p. 9. S. Dodonae'i, Spreng. umb. spec. 24. exclusive of many
of the synonymes. S. Creticum, Math. ed. Valgr. 1570. p. 515.
f. 2. S. Mathioli, Presl. del. prag. p. 127. but not of Tourn.
S. ramosum, D'Urv. enum. no. 278. S. perfoliatum o, Lam.
diet. 3. p. 266. S. ^Egyptiacum, Lin. amoen. 4. p. 270. pro-
bably belongs to this species, which has often 2 single cordate,
quite entire leaves on the floral branches, as in it. Root tu-
berously fusiform, black on the outside, with a sweet taste.
Leaves pale green : lower ones ternately decompound ; leaflets
ovate, deeply serrated, for the most part attenuated at the base.
Lower cauline leaf 3-lobed.
Round-leaved Alexanders. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1700. PI. 3 ft.
4 S. PERFOLIA'TUM (Mill. diet. no. 3.) stem angularly winged
above ; cauline leaves stem-clasping, ovate-cordate, denticu-
lated. £ . H. Native of Spain, Provence, Italy, Dalmatia,
Balearic Islands, Greece, &c. Lin. spec. 376. Moretti, pi. ital.
dec. 2. p. 10. S. Dioscoridis, Spreng. umb. spec. p. 25.
Smith, fl. graec. 289. exclusive of the synonymes of Math, and
Dalech,- — Dodon. pempt. p. 698. f. 2. Lob. icon. 709. Lower
leaves ternately decompound, and the leaflets 3-lobed, ovate,
and toothed. Flowers yellow.
Var. fl, Kiltabelii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 247.) superior leaves
coarsely toothed. $ . H. Native of Hungary. S. perfoliatum,
Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 22. t. 23.
UMBELLIFER.E. CLXV. EULOPHUS. CLXVI. SCALIGERIA. CLXVII. BIFORA. CLXVIII. ASTOMA.
381
Perfoliate -leaved Alexanders. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1-J foot.
5 S. jEoopoDioiWs (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
16.) leaves somewhat biternate ; leaflets oblong, sharply ser-
rated ; umbels of 10-12 rays ; involucra and involucels of one
leaf. $ . H. Native of Mexico, near Moran, at the height of
about 4000 feet ; and on the Cordilleras de Quahilapa. Sison
aegopodioides, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 886. Flowers yellow. Fruit
didymous, hardly compressed ; vittse small ; ribs filiform ;
furrows broad, reticulated ; albumen involute.
Gout-meed-like Alexanders. PI. 1 foot.
•f A doubtful species.
6 S. ? LATERA^LE (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 206.) leaves pinnate
and ternate ; leaflets obovate, deeply lobed, mucronately toothed ;
umbels lateral, nearly sessile -, involucels few-leaved. $ . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals white, inflexed.
Fruit globose, pubescent. This plant evidently does not belong
to the present genus, but to what genus it belongs is unknown.
Lateral-umbeVed Alexanders. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. The species will grow in any kind of soil in which the
seeds may be sown.
CLXV. EU'LOPHUS (from cv, eu, well, and Xo^oc, lophos,
* crest ; in reference to the stripes as well as the ribs of the
fruit being rather prominent). Nutt. in litt. 1825. D. C. coll.
mem. v. p. 69. t. 2. f. M. prod. 4. p. 248.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed,
at last falling off after flowering. Petals unknown. Fruit
somewhat contracted from the sides, rather didymous ; meri-
carps ovate, with 5 hardly prominent ribs : the furrows between
the ribs furnished with 3 convex stripes each, which are more
prominent than the ribs, they are hollow inside, and replete with
oil, from sustaining oleiferous canals ; commissure bearing 4
similar stripes or vittse. Seed semilunar, filling the meri-
carp; carpophore bipartite. — Glabrous herbs. Leaves multifid;
lobes linear, elongated. Terminal umbels large, of 10 rays,
fertile ; the lateral ones opposite, and sterile. Involucra and
involucels of many linear acute leaves. Flowers many, abortive.
This genus is very nearly allied to Physospermum, but differs
in the fruit being covered with many vittse, as in Smy'rnium.
1 E. AMERICA'NUS (Nutt. in litt.) — Native of North America,
in the Arkansa territory. Root composed of fascicles of oblong
tubers. Stem terete, fistular.
American Eulophus. PI.
Cult. See'Smyrnium above for culture and propagation.
CLXVI. SCALIGEVRIA (in honour of J. C. Scaliger, com-
mentator on Theophrastus). D. C. coll. mem. v. p. 70. t. 1.
f. B. prod. 4. p. 248.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx entire.
Petals obcordate, with a short, inflexed, obtuse point. Sty-
lopodium thick, conically cylindrical, parallel ; styles fili-
form, bent outwards. Fruit somewhat didymous ; mericarps
ovate, contracted at the raphe, scarcely compressed from the
sides, with 5 filiform ribs, and flattish-convex furrows, each
furrow containing 2-3 vittae. Commissure flattish, containing
4-6 vittae. Albumen furnished with a furrow inside. — Herb
glabrous. Radical leaves on long petioles, which are hardly
dilated at the base, ternate ; leaflets pinnate : segments pinna-
tifid : lobes diverging, lanceolate, acute. Stem branched, rather
dichotomous, terete. Upper leaves reduced to quite entire, or
unidentate, elongated ligula. Umbels terminal, without invo-
lucra, of 9-10 rays; umbullules 12-15-flowered ; involucels of
a few small, linear leaves. Flowers white. — This genus is allied
to Eulophus and Physospermum from habit and character, but
differs from both in the calyx being toothless, in the form of
the stylopodium, and in the want of involucra. From habit
and the somewhat didymous fruit it comes also very near
A'sloma.
1 S. MICROCA'RPA (D. C. 1. c.). Native of the Levant, near
Seyde, at the foot of Mount Lebanon. Fruit small, blackish.
Small-fruited Scaligeria. PI. 1 foot ?
Cult. Sow the seeds in autumn, in the open ground ; they
will grow in any common soil.
SUBORDER III. COELOSPE'RM^ (from .co<Xoc, koilos,
hollow, and airepfia, sperma, a seed ; from the seeds being invo-
lutely curved from the base to the apex, and therefore forming
a hollow on the inner side). D. C. prod. 4. p. 249. Albumen
involutely curved from the base to the apex, excavated in front.
Tribe XVII.
CORIA'NDRE^E (this tribe contains plants agreeing with
Cori&ndrum in important characters). Koch, umb. p. 82. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 249. Fruit globose or didymous, with 2 subglobose
mericarps. Mericarps with 5 primary, depressed, or flexuous
ribs ; the lateral ribs placed before the accessory margin ; the
4 secondary ribs are more prominent than the primary ones ;
all wingless. Seeds involute, or curved from the base to the
apex, hence they are excavated in front.
CLXVII. BI'FORA (bis, twice, and/on'*, a door ; in refer-
ence to the commissure being furnished with 2 holes). Hoffm.
umb. 191. f. 2. in tit. Koch, umb. 83. D. C. prod. 4. p. 249.
— Biforis, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 38. and p. 448. —
Corion, Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. 2. p. 457. — Coriandrum spe-
cies, C. Bauh. Tourn. Lin. — Anidrum, Neck. elem. no. 319.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point ; outer petals
nearly equal, or radiating and bifid. Fruit didymous : meri-
carps somewhat globosely ventricose, granularly wrinkled,
marked with 5 impressed obsolete stripes : the 2 lateral stripes
semicircular, and placed before the accessory margin. Villas
none. Commissure furnished with 2 holes. Seed involute from
the base to the apex. Carpophore bipartite, adnate on both
sides. — Fetid hfrbs, with sulcately angular stems ; and decom-
pound leaves ; having five segments. Umbels of 2-3 rays. Invo-
lucra and involucels wanting, or of one leaf. Flowers white.
1 B. TESTICULA'TA (Spreng. 1. c.) umbels of 2-3 rays ; invo-
lucra and involucels of one leaf; flowers nearly equal ; styles
very short. Q. H. Native of Europe, especially in the south
of France, Italy, Greece, Spain, and of Barbary. Coriandrum
testieulatum, Lin. spec. p. 367. fl. fr. 4. p. 293. Bifora
dicocca. Hoffm. umb. 192. Bifora flosculosa, Bieb. suppl. 232.
— Lob. icon. t. 706. f. 1. — Pluk. aim. t. 196. f. 2.— Riv. pent.
72. Bauh. hist. 91-92. f. 1. Herb fetid when bruised. Petals
white ; anthers red.
Twin-fruited Bifora. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1640. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
2 B. RA'DIANS (Bieb. suppl. 233.) umbels of 5 rays; invo-
lucra and involucels of 1-2 leaves ; outer flowers radiant ; styles
elongated after flowering. O- H. Native of Tauria, frequent
among corn. Coriandrum testiculatum, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p.
228. exclusive of the synonymes. Coriandrum orientate, cha-
msemeli folio, Tourn. cor. 22. ? Herb fetid. Petals white ;
anthers red.
Radiant Bifora. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. PI. 1| foot.
Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in the open border.
CLXVIII. A'STOMA (from a priv. and <rrojua, stoma, a
mouth ; this genus differs from Bifora in the want of the 2
holes in the commissure ; hence the name). D. C. coll. mem. v.
p. 71. t. 17. prod. 4. p. 249. but not of Gray.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. All as in Bifora, but the
382 UMBELLIFERjE. CLXVIII. ASTOMA. CLXIX. ATREMA. CLXX. COKIANDRUM. CLXXI. CYMBOCARFUM.
fruit is more evidently didymous ; the commissure narrow, neither
perforated nor dilated at the apex ; and the styles rather diver-
gent.— A glabrous herb, at first sight appearing like a species
of Seseli. Stem terete, striated, erect, branched. Superior
leaves bipinnatifid : with a few linear, nearly subulate, elongated,
quite entire segments. Umbels by threes, pedunculate at the
tops of the branches : the 2 lateral ones axillary and opposite,
C-8-rayed: but the central umbel is 10-12-rayed. Leaves of
involucrum 5-6, lanceolate, entire, acuminated. Umbellules of
10-12 flowers; involucels of 4-5 leaves. Flowers white, all
hermaphrodite. This is an intermediate genus between Bifora
and Atrema ; from the first it differs in the commissure being
imperforated, in the fruit being smaller, and in the involucra and
involucels being of many leaves ; and from the last in the
margin of the calyx being obsolete, in the fruit being without
ribs, and exactly didymous.
1 A. SESEHFOLIUM (D. C. 1. c.). O- H. Native of Egypt,
or rather of Syria, where it was gathered by Donati. Corian-
drum seselifolium, D. C. The fruit of this plant is 5 times
smaller than in all the other genera of Coriandrece, and exactly
didymous. Mericarps nearly globose.
Seseli-leavcd Astoma. Fl. June, Jul. PL 1 foot.
Cult. See Bifora, p. 381. for culture and propagation.
CLXIX. ATRE'MA (from a priv. and rpjjjua, trema, a. hole ;
there are no holes in the commissure, as in the genus Bifora).
D. C. coll. mem. v. p. 71. t. 18. prod. 4. p. 250.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx 5, acute,
small, permanent. Petals obovate, emarginate, nearly equal,
with an inflexed segment. Fruit nearly didymous ; rnericarps
nearly globose, ventricose : marked with 5 rather prominent
small ribs. Villas none. Commissure narrow, closed. Seed
involute from the base to the apex. — An herb with a furrowed
stem, having the angles acute and dentately muricated under the
umbels. Leaves multifid, with linear segments. Umbels and
umbellules of 5-8 rays. Involucra and involucels of many
linear-setaceous, undivided leaves. This genus is intermediate
between Conundrum and Bifora, The flowers are equal and
the fruit is didymous as in Bifora, and the fruit is sapid, 5-
ribbed, and the calyx 5-toothed, as in Coridndrum sativum.
1 A. AMERICA'NUM (D. C. 1. c.). ©. H. Native of North
America, in the southern provinces at the Red River. Corian-
drum Americanum, Nutt. in litt.
American Atrema. PL 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. See Bifora, p. 381. for culture and propagation.
CLXX. CORIA'NDRUM (a name used by Pliny, derived
from icopic, com, a bug ; in reference to the fetid smell of the
leaves). Hoffm. umb. p. 186. f. 14-15. in tit. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 250. Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 448. Koch, umb. p.
82. f. 72-73. — Coriandrum species, C. Bauh. Tourn. and Lin.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx 5, acute,
unequal, permanent. Petals obovate, emarginate, with an in-
flexed point ; outer petals radiant and bifid. Fruit globose,
10-ribbed, hardly separable ; rnericarps with 5 primary depressed
flexuous ribs : and 4 secondary more prominent keeled ones.
Villa? none in the furrows, but 2 in the commissure. Carpo-
phore free in the middle, semi-bifid, adnate at the base and apex.
Seed excavated in front, covered by a loose membrane. — Herb
glabrous. Stems terete. Leaves decompound : the superior
ones most so. Umbels of 3-4 rays, without any involucra; in-
volucels of 3 dimidiate leaves. Flower-buds sometimes rose-
coloured. Flowers white. Stylopodium conical.
1 C. SAT\VUM (Lin. spec. p. 367.). O- H. but in gardens some-
times $ . Native of corn-fields in the Levant, Tartary, Greece,
1
Italy, and the south of France. The plant, although found wild
in Essex, where it has been long cultivated, is not a native of
this country. Smith, engl. hot. t. 67. fl. grsec. t. 283. Blackw.
herb. t. 176. Hayne, arz. gew. 7. t. 13. Brunf. hist. 1. p.
203. Mart. rust. t. 141. Rivin. pent. irr. t. 71. Woodv.
med. bot. 492. t. 181. Plench. icon. t. 204. Moris, hist. 3.
p. 269. sect. 9. t. 11. f. 1. The culture and management of the
coriander consists in sowing the seeds on a light rich soil in
September. Twenty pounds of seed will sow an acre. When
the plants come up, thin them to 6 or 8 inches distance every
way, and next spring stir the soil with a pronged hoe. In
August the seed will be ripe, and if great care be not used, the
largest and best part of the seed will be lost. To prevent this,
women and children are employed to cut plant by plant, and to
put it immediately into cloths, in which it is carried to some
convenient part of the field, and there threshed upon a sail cloth.
A few strokes of the flail get the seeds clean out, and the
threshers are ready for another bundle in a few minutes. In
Essex it is sometimes cultivated with caraway and teazle. See
Carum cdrvi. The produce of coriander is from 10 to 14 cwt.
on an acre. It is used by the distillers for flavouring spirits ; by
the confectioner for incrusting with sugar; and by the druggists
for various purposes, for all of which it is said to have a ready
sale. Coriander seeds are strong and disagreeable when fresh ;
but by drying become sufficiently grateful. They are recom-
mended as carminative and stomachic ; they are also used to
cover the taste of senna, and in spices as currie powder, and
seasoning for black puddings : formerly they were steeped in
wine, and then dried to render them milder.
Var. ft ? microcdrpum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 250.) fruit one half
smaller than that of the species ; segments of the leaves very
slender and short. O- H. Native of Mexico, at Tampico.
Perhaps a proper species.
Cultivated Coriander. Fl. Ju. Jul. England. PL 1| foot.
Cult. Sow the seeds in the autumn or spring in the open
ground.
CLXXI. CYMBOCA'RPUM (from KVfiftos, kymbos, a hollow,
and Kap7ro£, carpos, a fruit ; in reference to the shape of the meri-
carps, which are hollow in front). D. C. ex Meyer, verz. pflanz.
p. 132.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals equal, obcordate ; whh an inflexed point. Stylopodium
depressed ; styles reflexed. Fruit nearly globose ; rnericarps
solid, hemispherical : with 5 primary, filiform ribs, which are
often obliterated : the lateral ones of these marginating ; secon-
dary ribs none. Vittae wanting. Carpophore bipartite, free in
the middle, but adnate at the base and apex. Seed excavated
in front. — A small, annual fetid plant. Leaves decompound,
with short, linear segments. Umbels opposite the leaves. Leaves
of involucra and involucels linear. Flowers white.
1 C. ANETHIOI DES (D. C. ex Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 132.)
G • H. Native of Caucasus, in stony places on the mountains
of Talusch, near Swant, about 2000 feet above the level of
the sea.
Fennel-like Cymbocarpum. PL 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Bifora, p. 381.
N.B. The two species of Coridndrum cultivated in China and
Cochin-china, are mentioned by Loreiro in his fl. coch. p. 225.
under the names of C. sativum and C. tesliculatum ; but the first
differs from the true C. sativum in the involucels being of one
leaf; and the second differs from the true C. testiculdtum or
Bifora, from the involucra and involucels being multifid, and in
the fruit being sweet scented.
ARALIACE.E. I. ADOXA.
383
ORDER CXXIV. ARALIA'CE^E (this order contains only
plants agreeing with the genus Aralia in important characters).
Juss. diet. 2. p. 348. D. C. prop. med. ed. 2. p. 163. D. Don,
prod. fl. nep. 186. D. C. prod. 4. p. 251. — Araliae, Juss. gen.
p. 247.
Tube of calyx adnate to the ovarium : with the limb entire
or toothed. Petals 5-10, alternating with the calycine teeth,
valvate in Aestivation, rarely wanting altogether. Stamens
equal in number to the petals, rarely double that number,
inserted beneath the margin of a large epigynous disk ; anthers
bilocular, peltate. Ovarium adnate to the calyx : with 2 or
more cells, containing each only one ovulum. Styles many,
simple, sometimes distinct and diverging, sometimes joined in
one, rarely wanting ; stigmas simple. Berry 2-15-celled, crown-
ed by the entire or toothed limb of the calyx ; having as many
1 -seeded cells as there are styles. Seeds angular, erect, with a
crustaceous testa, and a membranous endopleura. Embryo
small, inverted, surrounded by copious fleshy albumen : having a
superior radicle, which is twice the length of the cotyledons. —
Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs. Stems frutescent, often scandent,
adhering by root-formed fibres to other substances, as in ivy.
Leaves alternate, exstipulate, petiolate, simple or compound.
Petioles long, always dilated and thickened at the base. Flowers
axillary or terminal, umbellate or capitate ; the umbels or heads
often disposed in a racemose or paniculate manner : having invo-
lucels usually present.
The order Araliacece approximates Umbelliferce, but differs
from it in the inflorescence being often imperfectly umbellate;
in the styles being usually many ; in the fruit being baccate, and
usually plurilocular, always without vittse ; and in the parts
of the fruit not being separable ; in the albumen being fleshy,
and in the embryo being nearly the length of the albumen. It
also comes near AmpeUdece, but differs in the stamens in Ara-
liacece alternating with the petals, not as in Ampelidece oppo-
site them, in the leaves being exstipulate, and in the inflores-
cence never being opposite the leaves, as well as in the calyx
adhering to the ovarium, not free from it. The genus Hedera
has often been confused with Caprifolidcece, but agrees best
with the present order, in the free petals and structure of the
fruit.
The flowers have no beauty, but the foliage of many is ex-
tremely fine. The medicinal properties are much the same as
those of Umbelliferce, except the fruit, which differs in virtues, as
it does in botanical structure. The bark of many of the species
exudes an aromatic gum-resin, as in Aralia umbellifera and
others. The roots are tonic, with, in some cases, the flavour of
parsnip. The famous Ginseng, which is produced by a species
of Panax, is reputed to have powerful tonic, restorative, and even
aphrodisiacal qualities ; but it is probable that these have been
greatly exaggerated. The plant has perhaps some really invi-
gorating power when fresh, which after the statements made by
Father Jartoux cannot reasonably be doubted.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 ADOXA. Calyx 2-3-cleft. Corolla rotate, 4 (f. 66. a.) -5-
cleft. Stamens 8-10. Styles 4-5 (f. 66. 6.). Berry 4-celled
4-seeded. Seed girded by a membranous border.
2 PA'NAX. Flowers polygamous. Margin of calyx obso-
letely 5-toothed. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Styles 2-3, short.
Fruit fleshy, compressed, orbicular, or didymous, 2-celled.
3 CUSSONIA. Margin of calyx entire, or with 5-7 acute teeth.
Petals 5-7. Stamens equal in number to the petals. Ovarium
crowned by a broad disk. Styles 2-3, short. Fruit 2-3-celled,
roundish, nearly dry.
4 MARAVLIA. Margin of calyx small. Petals and stamens 5.
Styles 3. Berry cylindrical, 3-celled, 3-seeded.
5 GILIBE'RTIA. Margin of calyx entire, drawn out beyond
the ovarium. Petals 5-10. Stamens 5-10. Ovarium 5-10-
celled, crowned by a broad disk. Style short, composed of 5-10
concrete ones, which at length diverge a little at the apex.
Fruit fleshy, 5-10-celled.
6 GASTONIA. Margin of calyx entire, drawn out beyond
the ovarium. Petals 5-16. Stamens double the number of the
petals, 2 in front of each petal. Styles 8-12, short, rather con-
crete at the base. Fruit 8-12-celled, 8-12-ribbed, nearly dry.
7 POLY'SCIAS. Margin of calyx short, denticulated. Petals
5-7, but usually 8. Stamens 5-7, but usually 8. Style none.
Stigmas 3-5, short, spreading. Berry globose, 4-celled, 4-
seeded.
8 TORICE'LLIA. Margin of calyx acutely 5-toothed. Petals 5,
uncinately incurved at the apex. Stamens 5, very short. Styles
4, short. Berry nearly dry, 4-celled.
9 ARA'LIA. Margin of calyx very short, entire or toothed
Petals 5, free at the apex. Stamens 5. Styles 5. Berry 5-
celled, usually torose. Seed chartaceous.
10 SCIODAPHY'LLUM. All as in Aralia, but the petals are
joined together into the form of a calyptra at the apex.
11 HE'DERA. Margin of calyx elevated or toothed. Petals
5-10, not cohering at the apex. Stamens 5-10. Styles 5-10,
conniving, or joined in one. Berry 5-10-celled.
12 PARATRO'FIA. All as in Aralia or Hedera, but differs in
the stigmas being sessile, at first approximate, and immersed in
the epigynous disk.
13 ARTHROPHY'LLUM. Margin of calyx short, obsoletely
5-toothed. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Style short, or almost want-
ing ; stigma obtuse. Fruit baccate, crowned, containing a one-
seeded nucleus.
I. ADO'XA (from a priv. and Sofa, doxa, glory ; without any
appearance. This plant covers the places where it grows, but
the flowers are hardly to be seen, being of the same colour as
the leaves). Lin. gen. no. 501. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 141. t. 112.
f. 9. Lam. ill. t. 320. D. C. prod. 4. p. 251. — Moschatellina,
Town. inst. t. 68.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Tetragynia. Tube of calyx adnate
to the ovarium, with 2-3 deep segments. Corolla of one petal,
wheel-shaped, in 4-5 (f. 66. a.) deep ovate, acute, spreading seg-
ments, longer than the calyx. Stamens 8 or 1 0 ; anthers roundish.
Ovarium half superior. Styles 4-5 (f. 66. &.), short, united at
their base, which is permanent. Berry globose, its lower half
invested with the permanent calyx, whose segments surround the
middle part, of one cell, pulpy inside. Seeds 4, ranged round the
384
ARALIACE/E. I. ADOXA. II. PANAX.
FIG. 66.
central pulp, compressed, surrounded by a vertical membranous
border. The terminal flower is only 4-cleft, with 8 stamens :
the rest 5-cleft ; hence according to the rule assumed by Lin-
neeus, this genus is placed in Octandria. — A smooth herb of
humble growth, with twice ternate leaves, and terminal capitate
green flowers, (f. 66. n.)
1 A. MOSCHATEILI'NA (Lin.
spec. p. 527.) Tj.. H. Native of
Europe and Siberia, even to
Dahuria, in groves, thickets, and
under hedges ; plentiful in Bri-
tain in like situations ; in North
America in the woods between
lat. 54° and 64°, and the Rocky
Mountains between lat. 42° and
46°. Smith, engl. hot. t. 453.
Curt. fl. lond. t. 26. Fl. dan.
94. Moschatellina tetragona,
Moench. meth. 478. — Lob. icon.
674. f. 2.— Cord. hist. 1722. f.
Gerard, emac. 1091. Root of
several white imbricated con-
cave scales, producing fibres and runners from their interstices.
Stem angular. Radical leaves twice ternate, on long stalks ;
cauline ones ternate, on long stalks. Flowers with a musk scent,
when moist, forming a round head. (f. 66. a.)
Tuberous Moschatell. Fl. April, May. Britain. PI. \ foot.
Cult. The plant will grow freely under the shade of trees ;
and will be easily increased by the offsets.
II. PAVNAX (from irav, pan, all, and ams, aJcos, a remedy ;
that is to say, a remedy for all diseases ; in allusion to the mira-
culous virtues which is attributed to P. quinque folium, the ginseng
of the shops). Lin. gen. no. 1166. Lam. ill. t. 860. D. C. prod.
4. p. 252i
LIN. SYST. Potygamia, Dice'cia. Flowers polygamous. Mar-
gin of calyx very short, obsoletely 5-toothed. Petals 5 (f. 67.
a,). Stamens 5, inserted along with the petals under the margin
of the disk, alternating with them. Styles 2-3, short. Fruit
fleshy, compressed, orbicular, or didymous (f. 67. c.), 2-celled :
cells coriaceonsly chartaceous, 1 -seeded.- — Herbs, shrubs, and
trees, having the leaves and inflorescence variable. The habit
of the species is heterogeneous, but the characters of those that
are perfectly known agree.
§ 1. Herbaceous plants, with tuberous roots ; and verticillate,
petiolate, palmately -compound leaves. — Aureliana, Cat. car.
append, t. 16. — Araliastrum, Vaill. serm. p. 43.
1 P. QU1NQUEFOLIUM (Lin.
spec. 1512. )root fusiform, alittle
branched ; leaves with 5 leaflets,
which are stalked from the top of
the common petiole; peduncle
of umbel shorter than the pe-
tioles ; styles and seeds 2. I/.
H. Native of North Ame-
rica, in shady mountain woods,
from Canada to Carolina ; and
of the north of Asia, as in
Tauria ; and the north of China.
Sims, bot. mag. 1333. Bigel.
med. bot. 2. t. 29. Woodv.
med. bot. t. 99. Blackw. 513.
— Lafit. gins. 51. t. 1. Catesb.
car. 16. — Trew, ehret. t. 6. f. 1.
FIG. 67.
Jartoux, in
Ld,
trans. 20.
p. 237. Herb larger than the following "species. Flowers yel-
lowish. Berry globose, depressed, red. This plant is a native
of Chinese Tartary, and also of North America. In the former
country it has been gathered as an invaluable drug from time
immemorial. In 1709 the Emperor of China gave orders to
10,000 Tartars to go in quest of the root, and to bring as
much as they could find ; every one was to give two pounds of
the best to the emperor, and to sell the rest for the same weight
of fine silver. The roots, which are said to bear some resem-
blance to the human form, are gathered and dried, and enter
into almost every medicine used by the Tartars and Chinese.
Osbeck says that he never looked into the apothecaries' shops
but they were always selling ginseng, that both poor people and
those of the highest rank made use of it, and that they boil
half an ounce in their tea or soup every morning, as a remedy
for consumption and other diseases. Jartoux relates that the
most eminent physicians of China have written volumes on the
medicinal powers of this plant, asserting that it gives immediate
relief in extreme fatigue, either of body or mind, that it dissolves
petuitous humours, and renders respiration easy, strengthens
the stomach, promotes appetite, stops vomiting, removes hyste-
rical, hypochondriacal, and all nervous affections, giving a
vigorous tone of body, even in extreme old age. The French
in Canada use the root for curing the asthma, and as a stomachic.
After all, our physicians say that we have no proof of the effi-
cacy of ginseng in Europe, and that from its sensible qualities
it seems to" possess very little power as a medicine. The Chinese
name of yansam or yanson, and the American one garangtonges
or garangtoging are both derived from the fancied resemblance
in the root.
Five-leaved Panax. or Ginseng. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1740 PI. 1 J ft.
2 P. TRIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. 1512.) root globose ; leaves of 3,
rarely of 5 leaflets, which are sessile on the top of the common
petiole ; peduncle of umbel longer than the petioles ; styles and
seeds 3. If.. H. Native of North America, in low shady
woods, from Canada to Georgia. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p.
256. Bigel. fl. bost. ed. 2. p. 376. P. pusilla, Sims, bot. mag.
1334. Aralia triphy'lla, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 418. — Pluk. main.
t. 435. f. 7.— Trew. ehret. t. 6. f. 2. A small herb, with the
habit of Anemone nemorbsa. Flowers greenish. Berry greenish,
bluntly trigonal.
Three-leaved Ginseng. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1759. PI. | ft.
3 P. PSEU'DO-GINSENG (Wall, in act. soc. med. et phys. calc.
4. p. 117. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 30. t. 137.) tubers of roots in
fascicles ; leaves in threes or fours, quinate or ternate ; leaflets
lanceolate, ending in a long taper point, petiolate, much atte-
nuated at both ends, doubly and cuspidately serrated, sometimes
deeply serrated, beset with hoary bristles along the nerves and
midrib ; peduncles terminal, usually trifid, about equal in length
to the petioles; flowers hermaphrodite; berries 2-3-seeded.
3£. H. Native of Nipaul, on the top of Mount Sheopore.
Flowers whitish. Styles 2-3. Berry 2-3-celled, red. This
species comes very near to P. quinqucfolium or Ginseng, but is
not known to possess any medicinal qualities.
False Ginseng. Fl. June. PL 1 to 2 feet.
4 P. TRIPINNA'TUM (Wall. cat. no. 4934.) herbaceous, un-
armed ; leaves triternate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, mucro-
nately serrated, pale beneath, rather downy; panicle long,
pubescent; umbellules many-flowered. %. H. Native of
Nipaul, at Gosaingsthan. P. decompositum, Wall, but not of
D. C.
Tripinnale-leaved Panax. PL 2 to 3 feet.
§2. Prickly shrubs. Leaves ternate, or palmately lobed.
5 P. ACULEA'TUM (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 448.) stem shrubby;
ARALIACEjE. II. PANAX.
385
FIG. 68.
branches and petioles prickly ; leaves of 3 ovate, or nearly lan-
ceolate, glabrous leaflets ; umbels terminal, usually simple,
rarely compound, on short peduncles; petals 5. 1? . G. Na-
tive of China. Jacq. coll. 4. p. 175. icon. rar. t. 634. Zan-
thoxylum trifoliatum, Lin. spec. 1455. Lam. diet. 2. p. 40.
Umbels exinvolucrate. Pedicels purplish. Flowers white, poly-
gamous. Calyx exactly 5-toothed. Styles 2-3, short. Prickles
hooked.
Pnc% Panax. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1773. Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
6 P. LOUREIRIA'NUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 252.) stem shrubby;
branches prickly : leaves of 3 broad, lanceolate leaflets ;
umbels terminal, dense ; petals 4. tj . G. Native of China,
in the province of Canton. Plectronia Chinensis, Lour. coch.
p. 162. This is a true species of Panax, and probably nothing
but P. aculeatum. Flowers white. Stamens 5. Berry 2-seeded.
Loureiro's Panax. Shrub 5 feet.
7 P. HO'RRIDUM (Smith, in Rees' cycl. 26. no. 10.) shrub
bushy and very prickly ; leaves simple, palmately lobed, deeply
serrated, cordate : with prickly veins ; umbels capitate, race-
mose ; styles and seeds 2. lj .
H. Native of the west coast
of North America, at Nootka
Sound. Abundant on the west
side of the Rocky Mountains,
from the head- springs of the
Columbia to the coast ; and of
North California, ex Smith ; and
of the islands of Kadiak and
Sitka, according to Steven.
Styles 2, short. Fruit orbicular,
pulpy. Racemes hispid. Flowers
polygamous. Aralia occidenta-
lis, Willd. herb, ex Stev. The
entangled stems of this remark-
able plant are described as a
great impediment to travellers in the woods of North America.
Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 273. t. 98. (f. 68.)
Horrid Panax. Shrub straggling.
8 P. ? HAINLA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 253.) stem arboreous, prickly;
leaves cordate, 5-lobed, toothed, coriaceous, glabrous ; umbels
globose, tomentose, disposed in racemose panicles. J? . F.
Native of Nipaul, at Narain-hetty. Hedera flainla, Hamilt. in
D. Don, prod. nep. 187.
Hainla Panax. Tree.
§ 3. Shrubby, unarmed. Leaves simple, undivided.
9 P. COCHLEA'TUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 253.) stem thick, fru-
tescent, unarmed ; leaves petiolate, cordate, ovate-foundish,
concave, cochleate, spiny-ciliated, and somewhat toothed ; um-
bels densely capitate, disposed in a panicle. Tj . S. Native of
the Moluccas and Java. Aralia cochleata, Lam. diet. 1. p. 224.
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 697. P. scutellarioides, Reinw. in Blum,
bijdr. ned. ind. 880. P. conchifolia, Roxb. — Scutellaria, Rumph.
amb. 4. p. 75. t. 31.
Shell-leaved Panax. Clt. 1820. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
10 P. HEYNEA'NUM (Wall. cat. no. 4927.) shrubby, unarmed;
leaves broad, roundish-cordate, petiolate, quite entire, coriaceous,
glabrous ; branches of panicle in clusters ; umbellules few-
flowered. fj . S. Native of the East Indies.
Heyne's Panax. Tree.
11 P. SI'MPLEX (Forst. prod. no. 399.) stem fruticose ; leaves
lanceolate, serrated ; umbels compound, fj . G. Native of
New Zealand. Perhaps the same as P. simplicifblium, Dietr.
gaertn. lex. 6. p. 633.
Simple-leaved Panax. Shrub.
VOL. III.
§ 4. Unarmed shrubs, with digitate leaves.
12 P. ATTENUA'TUM (Swartz, prod. p. 54. fl. ind. occ. 1. p.
562.) stem shrubby, unarmed ; leaves petiolate, digitate ; sti-
pulas intrapetiolar, membranous : leaflets 5, rarely 3, petiolate,
ovate, narrowly acuminated, crenated, glabrous ; umbels ter-
minal ; branches racemiferous. Tj . S. Native of Guada-
loupe and St. Christopher. Racemes shorter than the leaves.
Fruit compressed, indehiscent, obtuse, hardish, 2-seeded, rarely
3-seeded. Flowers hermaphrodite, all fertile. Style bifid,
rarely trifid.
Attenuated-leafietted Panax. Clt. 1823. Shrub 10 to 12 ft.
13 P. ARBOREUM (Forst. prod. 398.) stem arboreous, un-
armed; leaves digitate, petiolate; leaflets 5, obovate, serrate-
toothed ; umbels compound ; rays of umbel elongated. tj . G.
Native of New Zealand. Lin. fil. suppl. 441.
Arboreous Panax. Tree.
14 P.? GAUDICHAU'DII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 253. Hook, and
Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. 1. p. 84.) stem arboreous, glabrous,
unarmed ; leaves digitate, petiolate : superior ones opposite ;
leaflets 5, on long petioles, oval-elliptic, obtuse, remotely and
sharply serrated, coriaceous ; peduncles terminal, bearing umbels
which are disposed in panicles ; pedicels very short ; styles 3 ;
fruit globosely-trigonal, 3-seeded. Tj . G. Native of the Sand-
wich Islands, in temperate places. Aralia trigyna, Gaud. voy.
p. 474. t. 98. This species is very nearly allied to P. Lessonii,
and will perhaps, along with it, form a separate genus.
Gaudichaud's Panax. Tree.
15 P.? LESSONH (D. C. prod. 4. p. 253.) shrub gla-
brous, unarmed ; leaves digitate, petiolate ; leaflets 3-5, ob-
ovate-lanceolate, cuneated at the base, acute, and quite entire
at the apex, or bluntly somewhat toothed ; umbels panicled,
rising from the upper axils of the leaves, length of leaves.
Tj . G. Native of New Zealand, where it was gathered by
Lesson. Petioles not dilated at the base. Peduncles having
the branches umbellately disposed at the apex, the rest scattered.
Leaves scattered along the branches. Styles 3, very short, almost
concrete.
Lesson's Panax. Shrub.
16 P. ? OVA'TUM (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. 1. p.
84.) stem arboreous, glabrous, unarmed ; leaves petiolate : su-
perior ones opposite ; leaflets 3, on long petiolules, ovate, quite
entire, coriaceous, (j . F. Native of the Sandwich Islands.
Flowers and fruit unknown.
Ovate-leaved Panax. Tree.
17 P.? PLATYPHX'LLUM (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot.
1 . p. 84.) stem arboreous, glabrous, unarmed ; leaves petiolate :
upper ones opposite ; leaflets 3, on long petiolules, transversely
oblong, twice as broad as long, apiculated at the apex, coria-
ceous, quite entire ; peduncles terminal, bearing umbels of
flowers, which are disposed in panicles. tj . S. Native of
Oahu, one of the Sandwich Islands.
Broad-leaved Panax. Tree.
18 P. GLABRA'TUM (H. B. et Kunth,nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 10.)
stem arboreous, unarmed ; leaves petiolate, digitate ; leaflets 5,
petiolulate, elliptic-oblong, acute at the base, quite entire, gla-
brous ; panicle terminal ; umbellules few-flowered. Jj . S. Na-
tive of South America, near La Vepte Grande de Caraccas.
Smooth Panax. Tree 20 feet.
19 P. LONGI-PETIOLATUM (Pohl, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 253.) stem arboreous, unarmed ; leaves on long petioles, digi-
tate, glabrous ; leaflets 5-9, oblong, acuminated, acute at the
base, entire, or acutely toothed, membranous, on long petioles :
adult ones glabrous, but when young clothed with rusty tomen-
tum beneath. f? . S. Native of Brazil.
Long-petioled Panax. Tree.
3D
386
ARALIACE.E. II. PANAX.
20 P. SPLE'NDENS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 11.) stem arbo-
reous, unarmed ; leaves digitate, on long petioles ; leaflets 9,
petiolulate, somewhat oblong, cuspidately acuminated, rounded
at the base, or somewhat cordate, sharply and doubly toothed,
rather hispid above and silky beneath. Jj . S. Native of
South America, in the temperate parts of Popayan. Aralia mi-
cans, Willd. mss. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 701. Flowers and
fruit unknown.
Splendent-leaved Panax. Tree 20 feet ?
21 P. SERRA'TUM (Wall, in herb. Moricand. ex D. C. prod. 4,
p. 253.) stem shrubby, unarmed ; leaves on long petioles, digi-
tate ; leaflets 7, petiolulate, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, rather
bluntish at the base, somewhat serrated, pale beneath, glabrous on
both surfaces in the adult state. Tj . G. Native of Nipaul.
Umbels many, disposed in a racemose manner.
Serrated-leaved Panax. Shrub.
22 P. TOMENTOSIJM (Wall, in herb. Moricand, ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 254.) stem shrubby, unarmed ; leaves on long petioles,
digitate ; leaflets 5 ? petiolulate, oblong-lanceolate, quite entire,
acuminated, somewhat attenuated at the base, glabrous above,
and tomentose beneath. Jj . G. Native of Nipaul. Flowers
like those of P. serratum, and perhaps, with that species, ought
to be excluded from Panax.
Tomcnlose Panax. Shrub.
23 P. SPECIOSUM (Willd. spec. 4. p. 1120.) stem arboreous,
unarmed; leaves petiolate, digitate; leaflets 7-10, petiolulate,
ovate-oblong, rounded at the base, acute and quite entire at the
apex, flat, clothed with silky tomentum beneath ; panicles ter-
minal, crowded ; umbels of 12-15 flowers. Tj. S. Native of
Caraccas and Porto-Rico, on sterile hills. P. spinosa, Poir.
suppl. 2. p. 778. P. undulatum, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 5. p. 11. t. 417. f. 2. Panicle very showy, rather silky.
Petioles 3 feet long ; leaflets nearly a foot long.
Showy Panax. Tree large.
24 P. MOROTOTONI (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 949. t. SCO.) stem
arboreous, unarmed ; leaves petiolate, digitate ; leaflets 7-9,
oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, quite entire, undu-
lated, clothed with golden tomentum beneath ; panicle terminal,
diffuse; umbellules of 8-13 rays. T? . S. Native of Cayenne,
and the Island of Trinidad. P. chrysophyllum, Vahl. eclog. 1.
p. 33. P. undulata, Pers. ench. 1. p. 298. but not of Kunth.
Fruit compressed, pubescent. Leaflets like the leaves of Chry-
sophyllum Cainlto. Miirototdni is the Guiana name of the tree.
Morotoloni Panax. Clt. 1822. Tree 100 feet.
25 P. SERI'CEUM (Pohl, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 254.) stem
arboreous, unarmed; leaves digitate; leaflets 6-7, nearly sessile,
oblong, obtuse, cuneated, with a revolute entire margin, coria-
ceous, silky from very fine rusty down beneath ; racemes um-
belliferous, panicled, clothed with silky rusty down. (7 . S.
Native of Brazil. P. vinosus, Schlecht. ex Pohl.
Silky Panax. Tree.
§5. Shrubby or herbaceous plants. Leaves pinnate, bipinnate,
and pinnately decompound.
26 P. ? ANISUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 254.) stem shrubby, un-
armed ; branches very hispid ; leaves impari-pinnate : with
5-7 oval, quite entire leaflets, which are acute at both ends ;
umbels terminal, compound. ^ . S. Native of the Moluccas,
and other Indian islands. Anisum Moluccknum, Rumph. amb.
2. p. 132. t. 42. Fruit rather didyrnous, with the scent of
anise-seed.
^niie-scented-seeded Panax. Shrub 10 feet.
27 P. LESCHENAU'LTII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 254.) stem shrubby,
unarmed ; leaves pinnate : with 5 petiolulate, broadly ovate,
narrowly acuminated, acutely serrated, glabrous leaflets ; umbels
compound, bracteate. Tj . F. Native of the East Indies, on
the Nellighery mountains, where it was gathered under the name
of Sole maliquet. Calyx bluntly 5-toothed.
Leschenault's Panax. Tree.
28 P. BI'JUOUM (Wall. cat. 4937.) unarmed ; leaves pinnate ;
leaflets 5, broad-ovate, acuminated, smooth, spinnlosely serrated,
rather oblique at the base ; panicle umbellate, compound, spread-
ing ; umbellules of many flowers. fj.G. Native of Nipaul.
Tn>o-paired-]eafletted Panax. Tree.
29 P. PINNA' TUM (Lam. diet. 2. p. 715.) stem shrubby, un-
armed ; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets oval-lanceolate, acu-
minated, nearly entire, glabrous ; panicle terminal ; umbels few-
flowered. I? • S. Native of the Moluccas. Scutellaria se-
cunda, Rumph. amb. 4. p. 76. t. 32. Panax secunda, Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 215. Berry somewhat compressed.
Pinnate-leaved Panax. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
30 P. ARMA'TUM (Wall. cat. no. 4933.) stem shrubby, prickly ;
rachis of leaves jointed, furnished with hooked prickles, par-
ticularly at the joints ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, serrated, beset
with bristly hairs on both surfaces, but particularly on the nerves ;
panicle long, downy ; umbellules many-flowered. Tj . S. Na-
tive of the East Indies.
Armed Panax. Shrub.
31 P. FINLAYSONIA'NUM (Wall. cat. no. 4936.) shrub furnished
with hooked prickles on the stems, and rachis of leaves ; leaves
pinnate and bipinnate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, membranous,
coarsely serrated, beset with bristly hairs on both surfaces ;
panicle large ; umbellules many-flowered. fj . S. Native of
the East Indies.
Finlayson's Panax. Shrub.
32 P. FRA'GRANS (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 21.) stem shrubby,
unarmed ; leaves decompound, having the petiole many times
oppositely branched : the ultimate branches of the petiole tri-
foliate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, entire, petiolulate, the middle
one the longest ; panicles loose : ultimate branches short, bearing
few-flowered umbellules. Fj . G. Native of Nipaul. Hedera
fragrans, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 187.? but the leaves are not
truly ternate, nor the margins setaceously serrated, nor any ways
glaucous beneath.
Fragrant Panax. Clt. 1816. Shrub.
33 P. FRUTICOSUM (Lin. spec. 1513.) stem shrubby, unarmed ;
leaves pinnately decompound ; leaflets petiolate, oval-oblong,
acuminated, coarsely and* dentately serrated : ultimate ones
deeply trifid ; panicle corymbose : with the branches umbelli-
ferous at the apex. \i . S. Native of the islands of Ternatea,
Java, and Amboyna. Andr. bot. rep. t. 595. Blum, bijdr.
p. 880. Scutellaria tertia, Rumph. amb. 4. p. 78. t. 33. Styles
3. Berry 2-3-seeded. Leaves bipinnate or tripinnate.
Shrubby Panax. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub 6 feet.
34 P. OBTU'SUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 880.) stem shrubby, un-
armed ; leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets obovate-roundish,
entire, or deeply parted, repandly and cuspidately serrated ;
umbels compound, terminal. T? . S. Native of Java, where
it is called Kodong-dong.
Obtuse-]eafietled Panax. Shrub.
35 P. SAMBUCIFOLIUM (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. 2. no. 256.)
stem shrubby, unarmed ; leaves pinnate, and somewhat bipin-
nate ; leaflets petiolulate, distant, oblong, acuminated, remotely
serrated; panicle terminal; umbels 10-12-flowered. ^ . G.
Native of New Holland. Styles 2, acute.
Elder-leaved Panax. Shrub.
36 P. DECOMPOSITUM (Wall, in herb. Moricand. ex D. C.
prod. 4. p. 255.) stem herbaceous ? unarmed; leaves impari-
pinnate, of 2-4 pairs of petiolulate, ovate, acuminated, sharply
serrated, glabrous, or rather scabrous leaflets ; umbels decom-
pound.— Native of Nipaul. Umbellules many-flowered ; pedi-
cels 4-5 lines long.
1
ARALIACEiE. III. CUSSONIA. IV. MARALIA. V. GILIBERTIA.
387
Decompound-umbered Panax. PL 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. The hardy species of this genus grow best in peat,
and are increased by dividing at the root. The other species
grow well in a mixture of loam and sand : and are increased by
cuttings which should be planted in sand, with a hand-glass
placed over them.
III. CUSSONIA (in honour of Peter Cusson, once Pro-
fessor of Botany in the University of Montpelier : his writings
are principally on umbelliferous plants). Thunb. nov. act. ups.
3. p. 212. nov. gen. 1. p. 11. Lin. fil. suppl. 182. Juss. gen.
p. 217. Lam. ill. t. 187. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 22. D. C. prod,
4. p. 255.
LIN. SYST. Pent-Heptdndria, Di- Trigynia. Margin of calyx
short, entire or with 5-7 acute teeth. Petals 5-7. Stamens
5-7, alternating with the petals. Ovarium turbinate, crowned
by a broad disk. Styles 2-3, short, erect, distinct, approximate.
Fruit 2-3-celled, roundish, nearly dry. — Cape shrubs ; with
rather succulent, thick trunks. Leaves glabrous, petiolate,
palmate ; leaflets 5-7, 1-nerved, entire, or lobed. Flowers
greenish.
1 C. SPICA'TA (Thunb. nov. act. ups. 3. p. 212. t. 13.) leaves
palmate ; leaflets petiolate, variously and acutely cut, often trifid
at the apex ; flowers spicate, exactly sessile along the rachis.
fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap.
247. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 115. Shrub glabrous, 8-10 feet
high. Leaflets usually 7, rarely 5, lower ones 3, variously pin-
nate-parted, ternate at the apex ; lobes angularly toothed, very
acute. Calyx entire. Flower bud globose. Styles 2-3. Flowers
spirally disposed along the rachis of the spike in 5-6 series.
Spiked-flowered Cussonia. Clt. 1789. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
2 C. THYRSIFLORA (Thunb. act. nov. ups. 3. t. 12.) leaves
palmate ; leaflets sessile, cuneiform, obtuse, truncate, tridentate ;
flowers racemose, pedicellate along the rachis. fj . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. fil. eclog. 1. p. 89. t. 61.
C. thyrsoidea, Thunb. nov. gen. 1. p. 11. Pers. ench. 1. p.
298. Leaflets some of them entire, and a little toothed : others
are ternate, varying in number from 3 to 5. Calyx acutely 5-
toothed. Styles 3. There is a variety of this with jointed
leaflets, the lowest joints dilated at end into smaller lobes.
Thyrse-flowered Cussonia. Clt. 1795. Tree 6 to 12 feet.
3 C. TRI'PTERA (Colla, hort. ripul. 43. t. 26.) leaves palmate,
leaflets sessile, variously and deeply pinnatifid, trifid at the apex.
Vi . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. The leaflets are
the number and form of those of C. spicata, but they are ses-
sile, as in C. thyrsiflora. Flowers unknown.
Three-ninged Cussonia. Shrub.
Cult. A mixture of peat, loam, and sand is a good soil for
the species ; and cuttings root readily if planted under 'a hand-
glass.
IV. MARA'LIA (altered from Aralia). Pet. Th. nov. gen.
mad. p. 13. no. 43. D. C. prod. 4. p. 255. Aralia species of
Schultes.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Trigynia. Margin of calyx small.
Petals and stamens 5. Styles 3. Ovarium cylindrical. Berry
cylindrical, 3-celled, 3-seeded. — A small shrub, native of Mada-
gascar. Leaves pinnate. Racemes hanging. Umbellules on
long peduncles. Berries blackish. — This genus differs from all
others in the present order, particularly in the ovarium and fruit
being cylindrical, not turbinate nor obovate.
1 M. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 255.). J? . S.
Native of Madagascar. Aralia Maralia, Schultes, syst. 6. p.
704.
Madagascar Maralia. Shrub.
Cult. See Cussonia above for culture and propagation.
V. GILIBE'RTIA (named after J. E. Gilibert, a French
botanist, author of Chloris de Lyon). Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. prod,
p. 50. t. 8. D. C. prod. 4. p. 255. — Gastonia species, Lam.
LIN. SYST. Pent-Decandria, Monogynia. Margin of calyx
entire, drawn out beyond the ovarium. Petals 5-10. Stamens
the same number as there are petals, and alternating with them.
Ovarium 5-10-celled, crowned by a broad disk above. Style
short, thick, conical or pyramidal, composed of 5-10 joined ones,
which are erectly conniving at the apex at first, but at length
diverging a little. Fruit fleshy. — Shrubs or small trees. Leaves
variable. Flowers umbellate, disposed in racemose panicles.
This genus differs from Gastonia in the stamens being equal in
number to the petals, not double that number as in that genus ;
and in the style being thick and pyramidal, hardly divided at the
apex, not parted to the base, and stellate.
1 G. UMBELLA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 75. t. 312.)
leaves simple ; petioles unarmed ; limb oval-oblong, obsoletely
denticulated, glabrous ; umbels terminal, compound, fy . G.
Native of Peru, in the groves of Munna. Calyx 7-toothed. Pe-
tals 7. Style thick, conical ; stigmas 7, at length spreading a
little. Fruit 7 -celled. Wangenheimia umbellata and Ginannia
umbellata, Dietr. ex Steud.
I/m&e//rt/e-flowered Gilibertia. Tree.
2 G. PALMA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 256.) leaves simple, gla-
brous above, and clothed with rusty pubescence beneath, cor-
date, palmately lobed : lobes lanceolate, acute, serrated ; petioles
long, prickly ; flowers umbellate. fj . G. Native of the East
Indies, at Chittagong. Gastonia palmata, Roxb. hort. beng. 33.
Lindl. bot. reg. 894. Calyx plicate. Petals white, nearly ovate,
5-9. Perhaps G. palmata, Mess. sc. 1825. in Feruss. bull.
1825. oct. 220. From the description the leaves are said to be
nearly peltate ; the leaflets petiolate, and the petals wanting.
Flowers whitish.
Palmate-leaved Gilibertia. Fl. Feb. March. Clt. 1818.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
3 G. REPA'NDA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves or leaflets broadly ovate,
feather-nerved, coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, bluntly
somewhat attenuated at the base, on short petioles, with repand-
toothed margins ; flowers umbellate. f? . S. Native of the
Mauritius. Margin of calyx short, entire. Ovarium sulcate,
conical in the superior part. Style hardly any ; stigmas 5-7,
very short, nearly stellate. The leaves or leaflets being detached
from the specimen examined, it is doubtful whether the leaves
are simple or compound ; but from analogy we would rather
consider them as compound.
Repand-tool\ied-]eaved Gilibertia. Shrub.
4 G. NALU'GU (D. C. 1. c.) leaves impari-pinnate : with 5
ovate, acuminated, feather-nerved, coarsely and irregularly-tooth-
ed, coriaceous, glabrous leaflets ; flowers corymbose. fy . S.
Native of Malabar. Nalugu, Rheed. mal. 2. p. 43. t. 26.
Gastonia Nalugu, Lam. diet. 2. p. 611. Smith, in Rees' cycl.
vol. 15. Petals 5. Stamens unknown. Fruit nearly globose,
depressed, blueish black, 8-9-seeded. Flowers whitish or green.
Nalugu is the Brahmin name of the tree.
Nalugu Gilibertia. Shrub 8 to 1 0 feet.
5 G. PANICULA'TA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves or leaflets broadly ob-
ovate, obtuse, feather- nerved, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous ;
flowers panicled, disposed in racemes along the branches of the
panicle. fj . S. Native of the Mauritius and Bourbon. The
leaves or the leaflets, whichever they may be, are about a foot
long, and 6 inches broad. Panicle 6-8 inches long. Flowers on
short pedicels. Margin of calyx entire ; flower-bud conical,
obtuse, 10-angled. Petals 10, valvate. Stamens 10, alternat-
ing with the petals. Style thick, conical, hardly 8-10-lobed at
the apex. Ovarium 8, rarely 9-10-celled.
Panicled Gilibertia. Tree.
SD 2
3S8
ARALIACE./E. VI. GASTONIA. VII. POLYSCIAS. VIII. TORICELIIA. IX. ARALIA.
t A species not described.
6 G. SAURUROIDES (D. C. 1. c.) Tj . S. Native of the Moluc-
cas. Gastonica saururoides, Roxb. hort. beng. p. !'0.
Saururus-like Gilibertia. Tree.
Cult. Shrubs and trees, having handsome foliage. The soil
best adapted to grow these is a mixture of sand, loam, and peat;
and cuttings are readily rooted, if planted in sand under a hand-
glass in heat.
VI. GASTO'NIA (Commerson instituted this genus in honour
of Gaston de Bourbon, son of Henry IV. of France ; a promoter
of botany). Comm. in Juss. gen. 217. Lam. diet. 2. p. 610.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 256.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx entire,
drawn out beyond the ovarium. Petals 5-16. Stamens double
the number of the petals, 2 of which are opposite each petal.
Ovarium 8-12-celIed. Styles 8-12, short, concrete at the very
base. Fruit 8-12-celled, 8-12-ribbed, nearly dry, ex Juss. cap-
sular. — A tree, native of the Mauritius. Leaves impari-pinnate.
Flowers umbellate ; umbels exinvolucrate, disposed in panicles.
1 G. CUTISPONGIA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 610.) Jj . S. Native of
Bourbon, where it is called by the inhabitants bois d' eponge or
sponge-mood. G. spongiosa, Pers. ench. 2. p. 20. Araliaceae,
Sieb. fl. maur. exsic. 2. p. 197. A tall smooth tree, covered
with spongy bark. Leaves at the tops of the branches impari-
pinnate : with 5 coriaceous, ovate, obtuse, quite entire leaflets.
Racemes rising under the leaves, bearing umbels, containing
about 20 flowers each.
Spongy-barked Gastonia. Tree tall.
Cult. See Gastonia above for culture and propagation.
VII. POLY'SCIAS (from iro\v, poly, many, and ama, skia,
a shadow ; in reference to the numerous umbels). Forst.
gen. p. 63. t. 32. Lam. diet. 5. p. 559. ill. t. 320. with a figure.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 257.
LIN. SYST. Pent-Octdndria, Tri-Pentagynia. Margin of calyx
short, denticulated. Petals 5-7, but usually 8, lanceolate, spread-
ing. Stamens equal in number to the petals, and alternating
with them. Style wanting ; stigmas 3-5, short, erectly spread-
ing. Berry globose, crowned by the margin of the calyx and
stigmas, 4-celled, 4-seeded, Leaves pinnate. Umbels com-
pound or verticillately proliferous; umbellules of many rays,
flat. The rest unknown. A very doubtful genus, but probably
only a species of A 'r 'alia.
1 P. I-INNA'TA (Forst. 1. c.) 1? . G. Native of the islands in
the Southern ocean. P. umbellata, Spreng. ex Steud. nom. 546.
A plant has been sent by La Billardiere from New Zealand,
under the name of Polyscias, which rather disagrees with the
description given by Forster of his plant, in the branches of the
panicle being verticillate, and in the umbellules being 5-7-
rlowered. Margin of calyx nearly entire. Disk fleshy, cover-
ing the ovarium. Styles 2-3, erect, approximate, acute. Leaf-
lets oblong, obtuse at the base, and acuminated at the apex,
with somewhat denticulated margins.
Pinnate-leaved Polyscias. Tree or shrub.
Cult. See Cussbnta, p. 387. for culture and propagation.
VIII. TORICE'LLIA (in honour of Dr. Toricelli, who pre-
pared a barometer for the measurement of mountains, and there-
fore lias done something towards the geography of botany).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 257.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Tetragy'nia. Margin of calyx acutely
5-toothed. Petals 5, oblong, attenuated at the base, and unci-
nately incurved at the apex. Stamens 5 ; filaments very short ;
anthers ovate. Styles 4, straight, short. Berry nearly dry,
ovate, crowned by the calyx, 4-celled. Seed unknown. — A
small mountain shrub : with terete white glabrous branches,
ringed with cicatrices. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, simple,
cordate, roundish, membranous, palmately 5-nerved, coarsely
and acutely toothed, somewhat 5-lobed, pubescent along the
nerves and nervules ; petioles rather dilated at the base. Panicle
terminal, many flowered. Flowers abortive or polygamous, or
the number of parts are rather variable. This genus is nearly
allied to Polyscias.
1 T. TILI^FOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 257.) I? . H. Native of
Nipaul, on the highest mountains. Sambucus ? tiliaefolia, Wall,
mss. Leaves 5-6 inches in diameter, on petioles 3 inches long.
Lime-tree-leaved Toricellia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. This shrub will grow very well in the open ground, and
it may be increased by cuttings or seeds.
IX. ARA'LIA (a name of unknown meaning, under which
one species was sent to Fagon from Quebec, in 1764, by one
Sarrazin, a French physician). D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 185. in a
note. Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 8. in a note. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 257. — Aralia species of Lin. and other authors. — Ar&lia verae,
Blum, bijdr. 869.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Pentagy'nia. Margin of calyx very
short, entire or toothed. Petals 5, free, and expanded at the
apex. Stamens 5. Styles 5, expanded, spreading divaricately.
Berry 5-celled, usually torose. Pyrenae chartaceous. — Herbs
and shrubs, indigenous to North America, with compound
leaves; and umbellate white flowers, which are usually disposed
in panicles.
§ 1 . Unarmed species.
1 A. NUDICAU'LIS (Lin. spec. 393.) plant stemless ; radical leaf
one, with a trifid petiole : impari-pinnate divisions, bearing each 5
ovate acute serrated leaflets ; scape trifid at the apex, shorter
than the leaf: each division bearing a many-flowered umbel,
without any involucrum. 1£. H. Native of North America, from
Canada to Carolina, and from Lake Huron throughout the woody
country to lat 64°, and the Rocky Mountains; and of Newfound-
land. "Lam. diet. 1. p. 224. Torr. fl. un. St. 1. p. 327. Big. fl.
bost. ed. 2. p. 122. Rafin. med. hot. 1. t. 8.— Pluk. aim. t. 238.
f. 5. Petals white, reflexed. Stamens exserted. Styles 3-5,
short, erect, distinct. The Crees use the root of this plant as a
remedy against the venereal disease, under the name of wampoos-
ootchepeh, i. e. rabbit-root ; and also they apply the bruised bark
of its root to recent wounds. — Richardson. The roots were for-
merly brought over and sold for sarsaparilla, and some of the
inhabitants of Canada make use of it as such, but it is very dif-
ferent from the true sort. A. nudicaulis, Blum, bijdr. p. 870.
introduced into Java from Japan, is distinct from our plant.
Naked-stemmed Aralia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1731. PI. |
to 1 foot.
2 A. RACEMOSA (Lin. spec. 393.) stem herbaceous, smooth,
divaricately branched ; petioles tripartite, the partitions bearing
each 3-5, ovate or cordate, acuminated, serrated, smoothish
leaflets ; peduncles axillary, and disposed in a terminal raceme,
umbelliferous ; involucrum small, of few leaves. 1(L.H. Native of
North America, from Canada to Virginia, in rocky shady situa-
tions ; throughout Canada, &c. from Lake Huron to the Sas-
katchawan. Schkuhr, handb. 1. t. 86. Hayn. term. bot. t. 38.
f. 5. — Corn. can. t. 75. — Moris, hist, sect. 1. t. 2. f. 9. Petals
greenish-white, spreading. Styles 5, short, erect, hardly re-
curved at the apex. Fruit 5-ribbed. Stamens equal in length
to the petals. The plant is called spikenard in North America,
and is highly esteemed as a medicine. Axillary branches leafy.
ARALIACEtfl. IX. ARALIA.
389
Racemose-flowered Aralia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1658. PI.
3 to 4 feet.
3 A. HU'MILIS (Cav. icon. 4. p. 7. t. 313.) stem herbaceous,
glabrous, a little branched ; leaves impari-pinnate, pubescent :
leaflets cordate, acute, serrated ; umbels disposed in terminal
racemes ; involucra very short, of many leaves, y. . G. Native
of New Spain. The fruit, according to Cav. icon, is nearly glo-
bose. Styles 5, erect, rather distant. Stem variegated with
brown tubercles. Petals green.
Humble Aralia. PI. 1| foot.
4 A. PUBE'SCENS (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 80.) stem
woody, unarmed, glabrous, branched ; leaves impari-pinnate,
pubescent ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, serrated, attenuated at the
base, and acuminated at the apex ; umbels numerous, disposed in
a terminal raceme ; involucra very short, of few leaves. Ij . G.
Native of New Spain. A. scabra, Presl, in herb. Haenke. Pe-
tioles not dilated into auricles at the base. Styles 5, divari-
cately recurved. Fruit globose, dark purple.
Pubescent Aralia. Clt. 1818. Shrub.
5 A. HI'SPIDA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 185.) stem suffru-
ticose, very hispid at the base from bristles ; leaves bipinnate ;
leaflets ovate, acute, deeply serrated, glabrous ; petioles hispid ;
umbels on long peduncles ; involucra of many short setaceous
leaves. Jj . H. Native of North America ; in stony woods in
New England, &c. ; on high mountains in Pennsylvania and
Virginia; Canada, from Lake Huron to the Saskatchawan ;
Hudson's Bay, and of Newfoundland. Vent. hort. eels. t. 41.
Sims, bot. mag. t. 1085. Lodd. bot. cab. 1306. A. Muhlenber-
giana, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 704. does not differ from this species.
The shrub is called Wild-elder. Stem paniculately branched at top.
Hispid Aralia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1799." Shrub 1 foot.
f Unarmed species, which are not sufficiently known.
6 A. CORDA TA (Thunb. jap. p. 127.) stem almost herbaceous,
angular, unarmed, a little branched ; leaves cordate-ovate, ser-
rate-toothed, scabrous on both surfaces ; pedicels of umbels
tomentose. I/. H. Native of Japan. Dos Jen, Kcempf.
amcen. 5. p. 826. Styles 5, divaricate, ex Thunb.
Cordate-leaved Aralia. PI. ?
7 A. JAPONICA (Thunb. fl. jap. 128.) stem shrubby, unarmed;
leaves petiolate, 7-nerved, 7-lobed : lobes ovate, serrated at the
apex ; panicles terminal ; peduncles umbelliferous. Tj . H.
Native of Japan, near Nagasaki. Banks, icon. Kaempf. t. 10.
Styles 5, diverging. Berry striated. Petals ovate, acute, re-
flexed (Thunb.). Leaves coriaceous, glabrous in the adult state,
but when young woolly on both surfaces. (Blum, bijdr. p. 371.)
Petals white.
Japan Aralia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
8 A. SCHEFFLE'RA (Spreng. pug. 1. p. 28.) stem shrubby,
smooth ; leaves on long petioles, digitate ; leaflets 5, petiolulate,
lanceolate, attenuated at the base, serrulated, glabrous on both
surfaces. ^ . G. Native of New Zealand. Schefflera digitata,
Forst. gen. t. 23. Lam. ill. t. 221. Petals 5, nearly spatulate,
erect, not as in the genus Sciadophy'llum, cohering into a calyp-
tra at the apex. Styles 8-10, diverging, not erect, as in Hedera.
Berry 8-10 angled.
Scheffler's Aralia. Shrub.
9 A.? OCTOFHY'LLA (Lour. coch. p. 187.) stem almost
arboreous, unarmed ; leaves petiolate, digitate : leaflets 8, ob-
long, obtuse, quite entire, glabrous ; panicle umbellate, fj . G.
Native of Cochin-china. Flowers yellow, of 5 petals. Stigmas
5, sessile. Berry ovate, 5-seeded. Perhaps a species of Po-
ly scias. Panicle large, ending in umbels, which are without in-
volucra.
EigU-leajletted Aralia. Shrub 10 feet.
10 A.? PALMA'TA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 224. but not of Lour.)
stem shrubby, unarmed ; leaves petiolate, pinnately 9-nerved,
9-cleft : lobes lanceolate, serrated ; berry sulcately angular, 6-8-
cellecl. Tj . S. Native of the Moluccas. — Humph, amb. 4. t.
43. Perhaps a species of Poly'scias or Hedera. Umbels
crowded, terminal.
Palmate-leaved Aralia. Shrub.
11 A.?MI'CANS (Willcl. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 953.)
leaves digitate ; leaflets or lobes 10, subcordate, oblong, acumi-
nated, mucronately toothed, hispid above, and silky beneath ;
heads disposed in racemes. Jj . S. Native country unknown.
Perliaps a species of Hedera.
Glittering Aralia. Tree or shrub.
§ 2. Prickly species.
12 A. SPINOSA (Lin. spec. p. 392.) stem arboreous, and are,
as well as the petioles, prickly ; leaves doubly and triply pin-
nate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, deeply serrated ; panicle much
branched, beset with velvety stellate down ; umbels numerous ;
involucra small, of few leaves. fj . H. Native of North Ame-
rica, in fertile low woods; of Carolina and Virginia; likewise
in the Illinois country. Wats. dend. brit. t. 116. Comm. hort.
amst. 1. t. 47. Pluk. aim. t. 20. Schmidt, arb. 102 and 103.
A tree about 8-12 feet high, with a simple stem. Petals white,
reflexed. Styles 5, divaricate, arched. Fruit 5-ribbed. Known
under the name of angelica-tree. The berries used in an in-
fusion of wine or spirits are a remarkable medicine for relieving
rheumatic pains.
Var. j3, inermis (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 209.) stem spi-
nose, glaucous ; petioles unarmed. J? . H. Native of South
Carolina, near Charlestown.
Spiny Aralia or Angelica-tree. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1688.
Tree 8 to 12 feet.
13 A. MONTANA (Blum, bijdr. p. 870.) stem arborescent, and
are, as well as the petioles and base of the leaves, prickly ; leaves
decompound ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, obliquely subcordate
at the base, doubly serrated, hairy on both surfaces ; panicle
branched ; flowers umbellate. ^ . S. Native of Java, on the
mountains of Seribu, where it is called Kibohoya.
Mountain Aralia. Shrub 8 to 10 feet?
14 A. CHINE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 393.? Blum, bijdr. p. 870.)
stem arborescent, and is, as well as the petioles, prickly ; leaves
bipinnate, decompound : leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminated, un-
equally rounded at the base, sharply serrated, villous ; panicle
branched; flowers glomerate. ^ • S. Native of Java, on the
mountains (Blum.), China (Lin.), Lour. coch. 187. Styles di-
verging, revolute. Petioles villous, bearing a few straight
prickles. The figure in Rumph. amb. 4. t. 44. cited by Lin-
naeus for this plant, is a species of Leea. Loureiro describes
the plant as very troublesome to travellers, with its numerous
crooked prickles, as it climbs in the hedges. According to him
the corolla is white. Styles scarcely any.
China Aralia. Tree 10 to 12 feet.
15 A. ERINA'CEA (Hook, in Brewst. edinb. journ. sc. 1827.
p. 61.) stem very spiny; leaves nearly palmate, very acute:
lobes cut; petioles and nerves of leaves spiny ; umbellules glo-
bose, disposed in racemes. T? . H. Native of the west coast
of North America, in Queen Charlotte's islands.
Ermaceous Aralia. Shrub.
16 A. ? PENTAPHY'LLA (Thunb. fl. jap. 128.) stem arboreus,
prickly; leaves digitate : leaflets 5, ovate, acute, somewhat pe-
tiolate, serrated at the top ; umbels simple, pedunculate. Jj . H.
Native of Japan. Panax spinosa, Lin. fil. suppl. 441. ex Lam.
diet. 2. p. 715.
Five-leaved Aralia. Tree.
Cult. The hardy herbaceous species of Aralia grow best in
peat or vegetable mould, and are increased by dividing at the
390
ARALIACEiE. X. SCIODAPHYLLUM.
root, or by seed. The hardy shrubby kinds also grow best in
peat-earth, and are very ornamental and curious ; they are in-
creased by seeds brought from the places of their natural growth,
which do not vegetate until the second year ; or by slips of the
roots. The other species being either green-house or stove
plants, require to be grown in pots, in a mixture of loam, peat,
and sand ; and cuttings of them root readily under a hand-
glass.
X. SCIODAPHY'LLUM (<mo£tc, skioeis, shady ; from <ma,
skia, shadow, and (j>v\\oi>, phyllon, a leaf; the leaves are large,
and usually digitate, and afford much shade). P. Browne, jam.
p. 190. Poir. diet. 6. p. 745. Spreng. syst. 1. no. 1139. Blum,
bijdr. p. 874. D. C. prod. 4. p. 259. — Actinophyllum, R. et
Pav. fl. per. prod. — Aralia species, Blume, in litt, &c.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Pentagy'nia. All as in Aralia, but
the petals cohere in the form of a calyptra at the apex, notwith-
standing it ought perhaps still to be joined with Aralia.
§ 1. Leaves simple, undivided.
1 S. HU'MILE (Blum, bijdr. p. 875.) shrub parasitical, diffuse ;
leaves simple, ovate-oblong, acuminated, distantly serrated, cori-
aceous, glabrous ; racemes terminal ; flowers umbellate, tetran-
drous. Jj . S. Native of Java, in woods on Mount Salak.
Humble Sciodaphyllum. Shrub diffuse.
§ 2. Leaves simple, palmate-lobed.
2 S. PALMA'TUM (Blum.l. c. p. 875.) stem arboreous, prickly ;
leaves membranous, glabrous, palmately 5-9-parted : segments
lanceolate, serrated from the middle to the apex ; racemes axil-
lary ; flowers umbellate, with 8-12 stamens. T? . S. Native of
Java, in humid parts of woods on the mountains, where it is
called tjankuran by the natives. Fruit hemispherical, 6 lines in
diameter.
Palmate-\eaved Sciodaphyllum. Tree.
§ 3. Leaves trifoliate.
3 S. SCA'NDENS (Blum, bijdr. p. 878.) stem shrubby, scan-
dent ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets lanceolate, much acuminated,
quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous: the middle one on a long
petiole ; racemes crowded, terminal, divaricate ; flowers umbel-
late, pentandrous. Fj . w. S. Native of Java, in woods on
Mount Tjerimai.
Scandent Sciodaphyllum. Shrub cl.
4 S. PARASITICUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 877.) stem shrubby, para-
sitical ; leaves ternate : leaflets oblong, acuminated, obtuse at
the base, remotely serrated, coriaceous, glabrous, nearly vein-
less ; racemes axillary and terminal, solitary or twin ; flowers
umbellate, hexandrous. F; . S. Native of Java, at the foot of
Mount Salak, where it is called Ramo giling huntje.
Parasitic Sciodaphyllum. Shrub parasitical.
§ 4. Leaves digitate.
* East Indian species.
5 S. SUBAVB'NE (Blum, bijdr. p. 876.) stem frutescent ; leaves
digitate : leaflets 3-5, oblong, acuminated at both ends, coriace-
ous, nearly veinless ; racemes crowded, terminal, diverging ;
flowers umbellate, pentandrous. Tj . S. Native of Java, on
Mount Salak, in woods, where it is called Ramo-huntje by the
natives.
Nearly-veinless-leaved Sciodaphyllum. Shrub.
6 S. TOMENTOSUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 877.) stem pubescent;
leaves digitate ; leaflets 5-7, oblong, acuminated, rounded at the
base, shining above, but clothed with stellate tomentum beneath ;
racemes panicled, axillary, and terminal ; flowers umbellate,
pentandrous. F? . S. Native of Java, in woods on Mount Bur-
angrang.
Var. ft, farinbsum (Blum, bijdr. p. 875.) leaflets 7, ending in
a long taper-point each. Jj . S. Native of the west of Java, in
mountain woods, where it is called Pangany tapok. Actino-
phyllum farinosum, Blum. cat. hort. buit. p. 43.
Tomentose Sciodaphyllum. Shrub.
7 S. ELLIPTICUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 878.) stem shrubby, scan-
dent ; leaves digitate ; leaflets 5-7, rarely 3, elliptic, acutish at
both ends, coriaceous, glabrous ; panicle terminal, divaricate ;
flowers umbellate, pentandrous. Tj . ^. S. Native of Java, at
the foot of Mount Salak, where it is called Ramo-gunli by the
natives. Petals purplish.
£lliplical-\ea.fietted Sciodaphyllum. Shrub cl.
8 S. DIVARICA'TUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 876.) stem arborescent,
sometimes scandent ; leaves digitate : leaflets 5-9, petiolulate,
oblong, bluntish at both ends, glabrous ; racemes panicled, ter-
minal ; flowers umbellate, pentandrous. fj . S. Native of Java,
on the mountains in humid woods, in the province of Buitinzorg,
where it is called Ramo-giling or Sanga-boanah. Actinophyl-
lum divaricatum, Blum. cat. hort. buit. p. 42. and in flora 1825.
p. 147.
Divaricate Sciodaphyllum. Shrub cl. ?
9 S. IU'CIDUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 877.) stem arborescent ; leaves
digitate : leaflets 1 1-12, oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base,
coriaceous, glabrous ; racemes crowded, terminal, divaricate,
glabrous; flowers umbellate, pentandrous. T? . S. Native of
Java, on the top of Mount Salak.
Shining Sciodaphyllum. Tree.
* * American species.
10 S. BROWNII (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 953.) stem arboreous;
leaves digitate ; leaflets 7-11, nearly umbellate, petiolulate, ob-
long-lanceolate, glabrous, unequal ; racemes compound, very
long, nutant ; flowers nearly capitate, pentandrous ; corollas
hemispherical. Jj . S. Native of Jamaica, on the mountains in
woods. Sciodaphy'llum, Browne, jam. 195. t. 19. f. 1. Aralia
Sciodaphy'llum, Swartz, prod. 55. Hedera Sciodaphy'llum,
Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 519. Schultes, syst. 5. p. 510. Vitis
heptaphy'lla, Lin. mant. p. 212. ex Smith, exclusive of the coun-
try. The central leaflets of the leaves are smallest. Anthers
purple.
Browne's Sciodaphyllum. Clt. 1793. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
11 S. CONICUM (Poir. diet. 6. p. 746.) stem shrubby; leaves
digitate: leaflets 7-13, petiolulate, oblong, abruptly acuminated,
coriaceous, glabrous, reticulately veined ; racemes 2-3, rather vel-
vety ; flowers capitate, with 7-8-9-10-11 stamens ; corollas coni-
cal, fy . S. Native of Peru, in groves. Actinophy'llum conicum,
Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 74. t. 309. Heads of flowers about
the size of a pea. Corollas of a whitish-red colour. Branches
violaceous.
Conical-flowered Sciodaphyllum. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
12 S. PENTA'NDRUM (Poir. diet. 6. p. 747.) stem shrubby,
somewhat arboreous ; leaves digitate : leaflets 7-11, petiolulate,
oblong, acuminated at the apex, coriaceous, glabrous above, but
beset with stellate pili beneath ; racemes 1-3, woolly ; flowers
capitate, pentandrous; corollas conical, obtuse. Tj . S. Native
of Peru. Actinophy'llum pentandrum, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3.
p. 75. t. 311. Corollas of a whitish purple colour ; anthers yel-
low. Berry whitish, about the size of a cherry. Leaflets dark-
brown beneath. Racemes pale-reddish.
Pentandrous Sciodaphyllum. Clt. 1820. Tree 18 to 20 ft.
13 S. ANGULArTUM(Poir. diet. 6. p. 745. exclusive of Browne's
synonyme,) stem arboreous ; leaves digitate: leaflets 7-11, pe-
tiolulate, oblong, acuminated, concave at the base, shining above,
ARALIACE/E. X. SCIODAPHYLLUM. XI. HEDERA.
391
but clothed with powdery velvety rusty down beneath ; racemes
elongated, granular ; flowers capitate, with 7-9 stamens ; corollas
obovate, angular, and truncate. Tj • Gf. Native of Peru and
New Granada, on shady hills. Actinophy'llum angulatum, Ruiz
et Pav. fl. 5. p. 73. t. 307. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5.
p. 9. Heads of flowers about the size of a walnut, yellowish.
Berry dark purple, cuneiform, angular. Styles 4-6.
Angular Sciodaphyllum. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
14 S. PEDICELLA'TUM (Poir. diet. 6. p. 746.) stem scandent ;
leaves digitate : leaflets 9-13, petiolulate, oblong, acuminated,
somewhat sinuately undulated, and concave at the base, gla-
brous ; racemes many ; flowers pedicellate, umbellate on the
branches ; corollas hemispherical. tj . ,_,. G. Native of Peru,
in groves at Munna. Actinophy'llum pedicellatum, Ruiz et Pav.
fl. per. 3. p. 73. t. 308. Stem rooting, filled with medullas ;
branches purplish. Racemes purplish, a foot long. Stamens
6-7. Berries angularly globose, greenish purple.
Pedicellate-fiovfered Sciodaphyllum. Shrub cl.
15 S. ACUMINA'TUM (Poir. diet. 6. p. 746.) stems scandent;
leaves digitate: leaflets 7-11, petiolulate, oblong, obliquely acu-
minated, coriaceous, glabrous, reticulately veined ; racemes 2-5,
tomentose ; flowers pentandrous and octandrous, capitate ; co-
rollas hemispherical, apiculated. ^ . G. Native of Peru, in
groves. Actinophy'llum acuminatum, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3.
p. 74. t. 310. Corollas yellow, disposed in heads, which are a
little larger than a pea. Styles 5.
Acuminated-\enved Sciodaphyllum. Shrub cl.
16 S. ANOMALUM (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 112.) arbo-
reus ; leaves digitate : leaflets 5-7, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated
at the apex, green and smooth on both surfaces : outer ones the
smallest; umbels capitate, panicled; branches green and smooth.
Jj . S. Native of Trinidad, in woods. Carolmea insignis,
Hortul. Flowers whitish yellow. Largest leaflets 1 foot long.
Anomalous Sciodaphyllum. Clt. 1817. Tree 20 feet.
17 S. QUINDUE'NSE (D. C. prod. 4. p. 261.) stem shrubby,
scandent ; leaves digitate : leaflets 7, oblong, acuminated, quite
entire, glabrous ; umbels 4-flowered, racemose ; flowers with
8-10 stamens. -Tj . ^ G. Native of the Andes, about Quindiu,
at the height of 3300 feet above the level of the sea. Aralia
Quinduensis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 8. t. 417. f.
1. Styles 3-10, spreading. Petals cohering at the apex. Fruit
8-10-ribbed. Perhaps a species of Aralia.
Quindiu Sciodaphyllum. Shrub cl.
Cult. All the species are worth cultivating in gardens for the
sake of their fine handsome large foliage. A mixture of loam,
peat, and sand is a good soil for them ; and they are easily in-
creased by cuttings under a hand-glass in sand, placed in a mo-
derate heat.
XI. HE'DERA (a name for which many etymologies have
been offered. The best explanation is, that it has been derived
from hedra, cord in Celtic, lierre in French. The English name
of ivy is derived from the Celtic word iw, preen, from its being
always green. The word i»» is given to Taxus by the French,
hence also the English name of the genus Yen}. Swartz, fl. ind.
occ. p. 518. D. Don, prod. nep. p. 186. Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 26.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 261. — Aralia sect. Gymnapteina, Blum,
bijdr. p. 871. — Hedera and Aralia species Lin. and all other
authors.
LIN. SYST. Pent-Dec&ndria, Pent-Decagy'nia. Margin of
calyx elevated or toothed. Petals 5-10, not cohering at the
apex in the form of a calyptra. Stamens 5-10. Styles 5-10,
conniving, or joined in one. Berry 5-10-celled. — Climbing or
erect shrubs. Leaves simple or compound. Flowers umbellate
or capitate.
§ 1. Leaves simple, undivided, or lobed,
1 H. HEKI,IX (Lin. spec. 292.) stems climbing, throwing out
roots from the side by which it is placed to any substance;
leaves coriaceous, glabrous, shining, with 5 angular lobes ;
those on the old upright branches, which form the tops of the
plants, ovate, acute, quite entire ; umbels simple, pubescent.
fj . w. H. Native of Europe. Common ivy is a valuable
ornamental evergreen climbing shrub. It is useful for covering
walls and sides of houses, or training into fanciful shapes, as of
human figures, &c. on skeletons of wire-work, or trained up to
a stake, so as to form a standard ; but when ivy has reached to
the top of any support, the branches shorten, and become
woody, forming themselves into large bushy heads, and the
leaves become entire and more of an oval shape, and not
divided into lobes like the lower ones, and in this state they
produce flowers at the end of every shoot. The berries are
black at maturity. The flowers are yellowish, and appear
late in the season, and in consequence is much resorted to
by bees and flies, when little other food is to be had. The
berries increase during the winter, are full formed in February,
and ripen in April ; furnishing food for wild pigeons, blackbirds,
thrushes, &c. in the spring. Blackbirds, and several other birds,
build their nests in the stumps of ivy tufts. Sheep are fond of
the leaves, especially during severe weather. The ancients held
ivy in great esteem, and Bacchus is represented crowned with it
to prevent intoxication ; and Homer describes his heroes as
drinking out of a cup made of the wood. Haller says, that the
leaves are given in Germany as a specific in atropus in children.
Common people apply them to issues and corns. The berries
are aperient and emetic. The wood is soft and porous, so as to
transmit liquids if turned of a sufficient degree of thinness. The
roots are used by leather-cutters to whet their knives upon.
The whole plant is rather aromatic ; and a very fragrant resin
exudes from the old stems when bruised. The specific name
Helix is derived from etXtw, eileo, to encompass or turn round ;
in reference to the twining stems.
Var. a, vulgaris (D. C. prod. 4. p. 261.) pedicels clothed with
stellate down ; floral leaves ovate ; fruit black ; leaves of the*
rooting branches 5-lobed, with white veins, fj . w. H. Native of
Europe, in woods, hedges, and on old buildings. Hedera Helix,
Lin. spec. 292. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1267. Curt. lond. fasc. 1.
t. 16. Fl. dan. t. 1027. Bull. fr. t. 133. Drev. and Hayne,
pi. europ. t. 66. There is a variegated-leaved variety of this in
the gardens.
Far. ft, Canariensis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 261.) pedicels beset
with lepidotted pubescence ; floral leaves subcordate : those of
the creeping branches 5-lobed, larger than those of the common
ivy ; fruit red. Ij . w. H. Native of the Canary Islands.
Hedera Canariensis, Willd. in berl. mag. 2. p. 170. t. 5. f. 1.
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 508. In the gardens this is called Irish
Ivy.
Var. y, chrysocdrpa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 261.) pedicels lepi-
dotted ; floral leaves elliptic, usually cuneated at the base ; fruit
yellow. T? . ,_,. H. Native of the north of India. H. Helix,
Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 515. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 187.
It differs from var. a, vulgaris in the stature being more gigan-
tic, in the leaves being much more cuneated at the base, in the
pedicels being lepidotted, in the berries being yellow and usually
5-seeded. H. Poetica, C. Bauh. pin. p. 305. H. chrysocarpos,
Dalech. lugd. H. Dionysias, J. Bauh. hist, with a figure.
Helix or Common Ivy. Fl. Oct. Britain. Shrub cl.
2 H. CORYMBOSA (Choisy, mss. in herb. D. C. ex prod.
4. p. 262.) stem arboreous, bushy ; leaves cordate, acute,
bluntly 5-angled, when young velvety on the nerves beneath,
but in the adult state glabrous on both surfaces ; flowers corym-
392
ARALIACE^E. XI. HEDERA.
bose. Jj . w. H. Native of the Canary Islands, where it has
been probably introduced, and is called Peptta de St. August'm.
This is probably nothing but the Irish ivy of the gardens.
Corymbose-fiov/ereH Ivy. Shrub cl.
3 H. POLYACA'NTHA (Wall. cat. no. 4907.) stem beset with
short, conical prickles ; leaves glabrous, 5-lobed, cordate at the
base : lobes serrated ; panicle large, pubescent ; umbellules
many-flowered, furnished with woolly scales at the base of the
pedicels ; flower buds white from pubescence, Jj . H. Native
of Nipaul.
Many-sp'med Ivy. Tree.
4 H. ARBOREA (Svvartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 518.) stem arboreous,
unarmed ; leaves oval, acuminated ; racemes terminal ; umbels
pedunculate ; pedicels longer than the flowers. (7 . S. Native
of Jamaica and Porto Rico. Aralia arborea, Lin. amcen. acad.
5. p. 369. Jacq. hort. schoenbr. t. 51. Leaves feather-nerved
at the base, not 3-nerved, as in H. capitata. Flowers almost
umbellate ; umbellules girded by short scarious involucels.
Berry hexagonal.
Tree Ivy. Tree 10 to 12 feet.
5 H. PE'NDULA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 512. icon. t. 9.)
stem arboreous, unarmed ; leaves ovate, lanceolate, entire ; um-
bels almost capitate ; peduncles very long, drooping. (7 . S.
Native of Jamaica, on the higher mountains. Willd. spec.
1179. Schultes, syst. 5. p. 509. Petals oblong, spreading.
Style short. Berry 5-seeded.
-Pewdtt/ous-umbelled Ivy. Clt. 1824. Tree 12 to 15 feet.
6 H. UMBELLI'FERA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 262.) stem frutescent,
unarmed ; leaves on long petioles, lanceolate, acuminated, rarely
serrated ; peduncles umbellate, trifid ; umbellules capitate,
nearly globose, ^ . S. Native of Amboyna, on the mountains.
Pseudo-santalum Amboinense, Rumph. amb. 2. p. 54. t. 12.
Aralia umbellifera, Lam. diet. 1. p. 225. Schultes, syst. 6. p.
697. There is a yellow gum issues from this tree, which be-
comes blackish on drying, and is sweet scented, which is called
Saruru in Amboyna. Flowers whitish.
Umbelliferous Ivy. Tree.
7 H. CUNEA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 262.) stem arboreous, un-
armed ; leaves petiolate, broadly oblong, acute, quite entire,
cuneated at the base, membranous, glabrous, with pinnate nerves :
the 2 lower nerves parallel with the margins, rising from an acute
angle ; umbels terminal, of many rays ; heads half globose,
fj . S. Native of Brazil, where it was collected by Schott.
Aralia umbellata, Pohl. in litt. but not of Lam.
Cuneate-]eaved Ivy. Tree small.
8 H. NUBIANS (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 514.) stem arbo-
reous, unarmed; leaves elliptic, acutish, coriaceous, entire;
umbels nodding, hemispherical ; peduncles erectish. f? . S.
Native of the south of Jamaica, on the tops of the Blue Moun-
tains. VeryYikeH.pendula, but the peduncles are shorter, the
petioles terete, and the petals reflexed. Style short, 5-angled.
jDroo/tt'ng-umbelled Ivy. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
9 H. RAMIFLORA (D. C. prod, 4. p. 262.) stem arboreous,
unarmed ; leaves petiolate, acute, quite entire, membranous,
glabrous, hardly cuneated at the base, with pinnate nerves : the
2 lower nerves parallel to the margin, and rising from an acute
angle ; racemes few, rising from the old branches ; umbels semi-
globose. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, where it was collected by
Schott. Aralia ramiflora, Pohl. in litt. Flowers 15-16 in each
umbel, pedicellate.
Branch-jlotvered Ivy. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
10 H. CAPITA' TA (Smith, icon. pict. rar. 1. t. 4.) stem arbo-
reous, unarmed ; leaves elliptic, acuminated, entire, with pin-
nate nerves : the 2 lower nerves rising from an acute angle ;
raceme terminal, compound ; umbels capitate, on long peduncles ;
flowers sessile. ^ . S. Native of Jamaica, Guadaloupe, and
the province of Caraccas, in subalpine places. Swarts, fl. ind.
occ. p. 546. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 2. Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 510. Aralia capitata, Jacq. amer. 89. t. 61. Petioles
long, terete. Leaves cuneated at the base, 3-nerved. (Horn,
add. 125.) Flowers as if they were in a calyculate receptacle.
Petals oblong, acute, white. Berry globose, 5-celled. Styles
3-5, contiguous, joined at the base, at length reflexed.
Capias-flowered Ivy. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1823. Tree 50
to 60 feet.
11 H. MULTIFLORA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 262.) stem arboreous,
unarmed ; leaves on long petioles, oblong-elliptic, acuminated,
somewhat cuneated at the base, quite entire, membranous, gla-
brous, with pinnate nerves : the 2 lower nerves remote from the
rest, parallel with the margin, and rising from an acute angle ;
racemes panicled, diverging : heads globose. fj . S. Native of
Brazil, where it was collected by Schott. Aralia multiflora, Pohl,
in litt.
Many-florveredlvy. Tree 10 to 12 feet.
12 H. MUTISIA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 262.) stem arboreous?
unarmed ; leaves oblong, somewhat serrulated at the apex,
acute, rounded at the base, coriaceous, glabrous, shining; ra-
cemes solitary ; flowers capitate. Pj . S. Native of New Gra-
nada, at the altitude of from 3000 to 4000 feet. Aralia Mu-
tisiana, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen- amer. 5. p. 1. Aralia
heterophylla, Mut. but not of Willd. Styles 5, short, conniving.
Mulis's Ivy. Tree or shrub.
13 H. OVA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 4911.) stem unarmed; leaves
ovate, elliptic, quite entire, coriaceous, ending in a short blunt
point, rusty beneath ; peduncles axillary, solitary, and terminal,
umbellate ; umbellules many-flowered. fj . S. Native of
Madras.
Ouate-leaved Ivy. Shrub.
14 H. ACUTIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 263.) stem arboreous ;
leaves roundish-ovate, acuminated ; umbels corymbose. Jj. S.
Native of South America. Humb. and Bonpl. Aralia acuti-
fdlia, Willd. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 697.
Acute-leaved Ivy. Tree or shrub.
15 H. AVICENNIJEFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 263.) arboreous,
unarmed; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute at the apex, and
acutish at the base> quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous above, but
clothed with white tomentum beneath ; corymbs branched ;
flowers capitate. Tj . S. Native of South America, in the pro-
vince of Quito, between Tambo de Burgay and Delay, at the
altitude of 4000 to 5000 feet. Aralia avicenniaefolia, H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 2. t. 2. Aralia tarchonanthif olia,
Willd. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 698. Styles 4-5, short, connivent.
Avicennia-leaved Ivy. Tree.
16 H. CUMANE'NSIS (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous, unarmed ;
leaves ovate, acuminated, cuneated at the base, quite entire,
somewhat 3-nerved, membranous, glabrous, shining. Jj . S.
Native of Cumana, in shady places at Mount Cocollar, at the
elevation of 1200 feet. Aralia Cumanensis, H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 3. Flowers and fruit unknown.
Cumana Ivy. Tree.
17 H. CATALP^EFOLIA (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous; leaves
ovate, subcordate, acuminated, quite entire, glabrous ; racemes
short, bracteate at the base ; heads of flowers globose. Ij . S.
Native of South America. Humb. et Bonpl. Aralia catalpae-
folia, Willd. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 697.
Catalpa-leaved Ivy. Tree or shrub.
18 H. SETTEMNE'RVIA (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous ? un-
armed ; leaves ovate, acuminated, rounded at the base, 7-nerved,
rattier coriaceous, glabrous ; racemes panicled ; heads globose.-
Tj . S. Native of New Granada, at the altitude of 4000 feet.
Aralia septemnervia, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 3.
Said to be hardly distinct from H. capitata. Style 1.
ARALIACE^E. XI. HEDERA.
393
Seven-nerved-leaved Ivy. Tree or shrub.
19 H. TUKBACE'NSIS (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous ; leaves on
long petioles, acute at the base, membranous, glabrous, of one
colour ; some of them are undivided, and others are trifid at
the apex : with the lobes or segments entire and acuminated :
having the recesses between the lobes rounded. ^ • S. Native
of New Granada, in hot places near Turbaco, where it is called
Arbol de Guaco. Aralia Turbacensis, H. B. et Kuinli, nov. gen.
amer. 5. p. 3. Flower and fruit unknown.
Turbaco Ivy. Tree 40 to 50 feet.
20 H. DI'SCOLOR (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous? leaves petio-
late, rather coriaceous, glabrous, rounded at the base, shining
above, and of a rusty-purplish colour beneath : some of them
undivided and 1-nerved, and others are 3-nerved and trifid at
the apex : having the lobes somewhat acuminated, the interme-
diate one the longest ; racemes panicled ; heads globose. Pj .
S. Native of New Granada? Aralia discolor, H. B. et Kuntli,
nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 4. Flowers and fruit not sufficiently known.
Discoloured-leaved Ivy. Tree or shrub.
21 H. ARGENTAVTA (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous, unarmed ;
leaves petiolate, coriaceous, glabrous and shining above : but
marked by silvery dots beneath ; some of which are undivided and
1-nerved, and others are 3-nerved and trifid at the apex : having
the lobes or segments somewhat acuminated : the intermediate
lobe remotely serrated ; racemes panicled ; heads of flowers glo-
bose, fj . S. Native of New Granada, in cold parts. Aralia
heterophylla, Willd. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 698. Aralia ar-
gentata, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 4. t. 414. Styles
3, conniving. Petals white.
Silvery-dotted Ivy. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
22 H. CRASSINE'RVIA (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous ? leaves
petiolate, acute at the base, coriaceous, glabrous above and
shining, densely beset with rusty dots beneath : some entire,
ovate-oblong, and others 3-lobed and somewhat acuminated ;
racemes panicled ; heads globose. V} . G. Native of South
America, along with H. argentata. Aralia crassinervia, H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 5. Styles 5-6, conniving.
Thick-nerved-leavcd Ivy. Tree.
23 H. OBTUSI'IOBA (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous ? leaves pe-
tiolate, truncately rounded at the base, 5-nerved, coriaceous,
glabrous and shining above, but beset with fuscescent dots be-
neath, 5-cleft : segments obtuse, ovate-oblong ; racemes pani-
cled ; heads of flowers elliptic-globose. Tj . S. Native in tem-
perate places towards Loxa, at the altitude of 3300 feet. Aralia
obtusiloba, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 5. Willd. in
Schultes, jsyst. 6. p. 699. Petals white, glabrous. Styles 4,
conniving.
Blunt-lobed-leaved Ivy. Tree or shrub.
24 H. ANGULA'RIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 263.) stem arboreous ;
leaves 5-angled, obtuse, tomentose beneath ; flowers capitate.
(7 . S. Native of South America, Humb. et Bonpl. Aralia
angularis, Willd. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 698.
Angular-leaved Ivy. Tree.
25 A. PLATANIFOLIA (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous ; leaves
petiolate, coriaceous, glabrous above and shining, but clothed
with rusty tomentum beneath, truncate at the base, 7-nerved,
7-cleft at the apex : lobes or segments oblong, acuminated, quite
entire ; racemes panicled ; heads of flowers globose, fj . G.
Native of Peru, on the western declivity of the Andes. Aralia
platanifolia, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 6. t. 415.
Willd. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 699. Tree 15-20 feet. Styles
4-5. Petals white, tomentose on the outside.
Platanus-leavedlvy. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
26 H. ACERIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 264.) stem arboreous ;
leaves 5-lobed, acuminated, quite entire, glabrous, shining lepi-
dotted and of a different colour beneath, fy . S. Native of
VOL. in.
South America, Humb. and Bonpl. Aralia acerifolia, Willd. in
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 699. The rest unknown. This is the
same as H. argentata, according to Sprengel.
Maple-leaved Ivy. Tree.
27 H. JATROPH^FOLIA (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous ; leaves
petiolate, coriaceous, glabrous above, but clothed with fuscescent
tomentum beneath, cordate at the base, 7-nerved, deeply 7-
cleft : segments or lobes lanceolate-oblong, acuminated, narrowed
at the base and quite entire. Tj . S. Native of New Granada.
Aralia jatrophsefolia, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 6.
Leaves almost like those of Manlhot. This species approaches
very near H. platanifolia.
Jatropha-leaved Ivy. Tree.
28 H. RETICULA'TA (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous ; leaves pal-
mately 7-lobed, hoary beneath, and reticulately wrinkled : lobes
oblong, acuminated, quite entire. J? . S. Native of South
America, Humb. et Bonpl. Aralia reticulata, Willd. in Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 699.
Reticulated-leaved Ivy. Tree.
29 H. CHEIROPHY'LLA (D. C. 1. c.) stem unknown ; leaves
palmately 5-cleft, cream-coloured beneath : lobes or segments
acuminated, toothed ; heads of flowers disposed in racemes,
clothed with villous tomentum. Tj . S. Native of South Ame-
rica. Aralia palmata, Willd. herb. Aralia cheirophylla, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 953.
Hand-leaved Ivy. Tree or shrub.
30 H. FLORIBU NDA (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous ; leaves pe-
tiolate, glabrous above, but clothed with canescent tomentum
beneath, 7-9-parted: segments or lobes acuminate, remotely
and sharply toothed ; racemes panicled ; heads elliptically glo-
bose. T? . S. Native of New Granada, in temperate parts, at
the altitude of 3600 feet. Aralia floribunda, H. B. et Kunth,
nov, gen. amer. 5. p. 6. t. 416. Aralia Humbokltiana, and A.
inclsa, Willd. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 699. ex Kunth. Styles
short, connivent, somewhat diverging after flowering. Leaves
so deeply parted as nearly to be compound.
Bundle-flowered Ivy. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
31 H. SCA'NDENS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 264.) stem shrubby,
prickly ; leaves 5-lobed, on long petioles ; umbels simple, la-
teral. Tj . w. G. Native of China, Aralia palmata, Lour. coch.
p. 187. but not of Lam. Aralia scandens, Poir. suppl. 1. p.
419. Prickles on the stem bent backwards. Flowers white.
The bark is used in dropsy and cutaneous disorders.
Climbing Ivy. Shrub cl.
§2 Leaves compound; leaflets divided to the lop of the pe-
tiole, digitately or palmately disposed.
32 H. FERRUGI'NEA (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous; leaves on
long petioles, digitate ; leaflets 7, petiolate, oblong, acuminately
cuspidate, rounded at the base, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous
above, but clothed with fine tomentum beneath : when young
clothed with rusty wool ; racemes panicled ; heads somewhat
elliptically globose. ^ . S. Native of South America, in the
province of Quito, between Paramo de Saraguru and Ona, at
the altitude of 3600 feet. Aralia ferruginea, H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 7. Willd. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 701.
Rusty-leaved Ivy. Clt. 1826. Tree.
33 H. XALAPE'NSIS (D. C. 1. c) stem arboreous ; leaves on
long petioles, digitate ; leaflets 5-7, glabrous, shining above,
but dotted beneath, lanceolate-oblong, acute, narrowed at the
base, and quite entire, rather coriaceous ; racemes panicled ;
heads of flowers nearly globose. T? . G. Native of Mexico,
on the mountains near Xalapa, at the altitude of 2000 feet.
Aralia Xalapensis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 8.
Aralia digitata, Willd. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 701. ex Kunth.
Petals glabrous. Styles joined in one.
3E
394
ARALIACE&. XI. HEDERA.
Xalapa Ivy. Tree.
34 H. ECHI'NOPS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 5. p.
174. under Aralia) leaves membranous, smoothish above, except
on the middle nerve, but clothed with lax stellate tomentum
beneath ; floral leaves entire and lobed : lower leaves com-
pound, of 5 nearly cuneate-obovate, acuminated leaflets ; heads
of flowers globose. I? . G. Native of Mexico, in woods near
Hacienda de la Laguna. Middle leaflet a foot long and 5|
inches broad.
Globe-thislle-like Ivy. Shrub.
35 H.-ELAVTA (Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 187.)
stem arboreous, unarmed ; leaves digitate ; leaflets 7, radiant,
petiolate, elliptic-oblong, acuminated, coriaceous, quite entire,
glabrous, glaucous beneath, rounded at the base ; umbels gla-
brous, racemosely panicled. Tj . G. Native of Nipaul, at Na-
rain-hetty, where it is called Cailushi by the natives.
Tall Ivy. Tree.
36 H. UNDI'LA'TUM (Wall. cat. no. 4916.) stem shrubby;
leaves on long petioles, digitate ; leaflets 3-5, petiolulate, smooth,
oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, undulated ; panicle diffuse ; um-
bellules few-flowered : lateral ones opposite : terminal ones um-
bellate. Jj . G. Native of Silhet. Fruit oblong. Style 1,
crowned by a capitate stigma.
Undulate-leaveA Ivy. Shrub or tree.
37 H. ^SCULIFOLIA (Wall. cat. no. 4913.) stem shrubby;
leaves digitate ; leaflets 7, obovate-oblong, acuminated, clothed
with rusty pubescence beneath : outer ones the smallest, all
serrated ; racemes lateral ; umbellules pedunculate, many-flow-
ered. Tj. H. Native of Nipaul.
Horse-chestnut-leaved Ivy. Shrub or tree.
38 H. TOMENTOSA (Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 187.}
stem arboreous, unarmed ; leaves digitate ; leaflets 7-9, petiolu-
late, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, coriaceous, quite entire, acute
at the base, densely clothed with tomentum beneath, as well as
the peduncles, petioles, and younger stems ; umbellules rising in
clusters, pedunculate, fj . F. Native of Nipaul.
Tomentose Ivy. Tree.
39 H. SUBCORDA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 4917.) stem shrubby;
leaves on long petioles, trifoliate ; leaflets petiolate, membra-
nous, ovate, somewhat cordate at the base and acuminated at the
apex ; panicles numerous ; flowers disposed in long slender
racemes. Tj . G. Native of Silhet. Flowers small, spreading.
(Suicortfate-leafletted Ivy. Shrub or tree.
40 H. FLORIBU'NDA (Wall. cat. no. 4912.) stem beset with
short, conical prickles ; leaves digitate ; leaflets 7, on long pe-
tiolules, elliptic, acuminated, clothed with rusty tomentum be-
neath while young ; racemes long ; umbellules on long peduncles,
rusty as well as the rachis. J? . G. Native of Silhet.
Bundle-flowered Ivy. Shrub or tree.
41 H. ACULEA'TA (Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 187.)
stem arboreous, prickly ; leaves digitate ; leaflets 7, radiant,
elliptic-oblong, acuminated, serrated, puberulous beneath, acute
at the base ; umbellules tomentose, racemose. Jj . G. Native
of Nipaul, at Narain-Hetty. Tree tall and thick. Flowers white.
Prickly Ivy. Clt. 1820. Tree.
42 H. TEREBINTHA'CEA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 42.) stem arbo-
reous ; leaves petiolate, digitate ; leaflets 5-7, radiant, petiolate,
elliptic, quite entire ; panicle diffuse, terminal ; umbellules dis-
posed in racemes. Tj . S. Native of Ceylon, Penang, Silhet,
and Nipaul, in groves and woods. Aralia digitata, Roxb. Pe-
tals 6. Style 1. Fruit angular. Allied to Unjala of Rheed.
hort. mal. 7. t. 28.
Turpentine Ivy. Tree.
43 H. Ruc6sA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 265.) stem shrubby, para-
sitical ; leaves digitate ; leaflets 5-7, ovate, or oval-oblong, acu-
minated, obliquely attenuated at the base, quite entire, rugged,
clothed with brown stellate tomentum beneath ; panicle terminal,
very long; flowers racemose. Tj . S. Native of Java, in woods
on Mount Gede. Aralia rugbsa, Blum, bijdr. 871.
fVrinkled-leaved Ivy. Shrub.
44 H. SIMI'LLIMA (D. C. 1. c.) stem shrubby ; leaves digitate ;
leaflets 5-6, elliptic-oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base,
remotely serrulated, reticulate, wrinkled and rather downy from
stellate pili beneath ; panicle terminal, divaricate ; flowers race-
mose. ^ . S. Native of Java, in woods on the mountains.
Allied to H. rugbsa. Aralia simillima, Blum, bijdr. p. 171.
Very similar Ivy. Shrub.
45 H. AROMA'TICA (D. C. 1. c.) stem shrubby ; leaves digi-
tate ; leaflets 5 7, elliptic-oblong, acuminated, for the most part
obliquely rounded at the base, glabrous ; panicles corymbose,
lateral ; flowers umbellate, fj . S. Native of Java, on Mounts
Salak and Gede, &c. where it is called Pangang-pugu. Aralia
aromatica, Blum. 1. c. p. 871.
Far. (1 ; leafless, longer, serrated. Tj . S. Native of Java,
on Mount Salak, where it is called Kirengdong. Blum. 1. c.
Aromatic Ivy. Shrub.
46 H. LUTE SCENS (D. C. 1. c.) stem shrubby ; leaves digitate ;
leaflets 7-9, oblong-lanceolate, long-acuminated, nearly veinless,
shining above ; racemes crowded, terminal ; flowers umbellate.
Tj . S. Native of Java, in woods in the province of Bantam.
Aralia lutescens, Blum, bijdr. p. 872.
Yellowish Ivy. Shrub.
47 H. DISPE'RMA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 256.) stems shrubby,
climbing ; leaves digitate ; leaflets 5-7, oblong, acuminated,
rounded at the base, sharply serrated, glabrous ; raceme ter-
minal, scurfy ; flowers umbellate ; fruit 2-seeded. 1? . S. Na-
tive of Java, in the higher woods, on the mountains of Baran-
grang and Tjerimai. Aralia disperma, Blum. 1. c. p. 872.
Perhaps a species of Panax.
Two-seeded Ivy. Shrub cl.
48 H. CIOMERULA'TA (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous, spinescent;
leaves digitate ; leaflets 5-7, rarely 3, oblong, acuminated, acut-
ish at the base, serrulated towards the apex, smoothish ; panicle
terminal, very long ; flowers glomerate ; ovaries 2-seeded. (j .
S. Native of Java, on Mount Gede, where it is called Pan-
gang. Aralia glonterulata, Blum, bijdr. p. 872. Perhaps a
species of Panax.
Glomerate-fiowered Ivy. Tree.
49 H. HETEROPHY'LLA (Wall. cat. no. 4919.) stem shrubby ;
leaves digitately compound, with the divisions quinate or ter-
nate ; leaflets oval-oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; umbellules
disposed in racemes, many-flowered, with a woolly bractea at
the base of each peduncle ; rachis woolly. Tj . S. Native of
Penang. Fruit angular.
Variable-leaved Ivy. Tree or shrub.
§ 3. Leaves compound, pinnate.
50 H. TARASI'TICA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 188.) stems
rooting, parasitical ; leaves pinnate : with 5, elliptic, acute, quite
entire, nearly sessile, coriaceous, glabrous leaflets, which are
glaucous beneath ; umbels glabrous, racemose, fj . G. Native
of Nipaul, at Narain-Hetty. Aralia parasitica, Hamilt. mss.
Parasitical Ivy. Shrub climbing and rooting.
51 H. GLAU'CA (Wall. cat. no. 4921.) stem shrubby, much
branched ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5, elliptic-lanceolate, acu-
minated, glaucous beneath, glabrous ; umbellules terminal, soli-
tary or twin, many-flowered. Jj . G. Native of Nipaul, at
Kamaon. Style simple.
G/aucoMS-leaved Ivy. Shrub.
52 H. JACKIA'NA ; leaves pinnate : with many pairs of oppo-
site, oblong-lanceolate, petiolulate, quite entire, smooth leaflets,'
which are oblique at the base ; rachis jointed ; umbels com-
1
ARALIACE.&. XI. HEDERA. XII. PARATROPIA. XIII. ARTHROPHYLLUM. HAMAMELIDE^E.
395
pound ; umbellules few-flowered ; fruit oblong. Tj . S. Na-
tive of Singapore. Panax Heyneana, Wall. cat. no. 4901.
Mormoraphis Sumatrana, Jack, mss.
Jack's Ivy. Tree.
Cult. All the species of Ivy are of easy culture. The com-
mon ivy and its varieties only require to have slips of them
planted where they are intended to remain ; or to be grown in
pots until they are the size required, and then finally planted
out : the other hardy species should be treated in a similar man-
ner. The greenhouse and stove kinds will grow in almost any
kind of soil, but the lighter the better ; and cuttings of them
are easily rooted under a hand-glass.
XII. PARATRO'PIA (iraparpoir;;, paratrope, a bending or
crooking ; the petioles are kneed and bent). D. C. prod. 4. p.
265. — Aralia, sect. 3. Paratropia, Blum, bijdr. p. 875.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. All as in Aralia or
Hedera, but differs in the stigmas being sessile, at first approxi-
mate, and immersed in an epigynous disk. — Shrubs or trees.
Leaves compound. Flowers panicled or racemose.
1 P. NODOSA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 265.) stem arboreous : leaves
impari-pinnate : with many pairs of leaflets ; leaflets on short
petioles, crenated, glabrous : lower ones roundish-ovate, the rest
oblong ; panicle terminal, very long. Tj . S. Native of Java,
in woods on the mountains in the western provinces, where it
is called Kilangit. Aralia nodosa, Blum. 1. c. Common pe-
tioles 5-6 feet long, bent, articulated when dried. Panicle 4-5
feet long. Flowers pentandrous.
JVWose-petioled Paratropia. Tree.
2 P. PERGAMA'CEA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 266.) stem shrubby,
parasitical; leaves digitate : leaflets 6-12, oval, acute, rounded
at the base, in substance like parchment, glabrous ; racemes
crowded, terminal, scurfy ; flowers subfasciculate. 1? . S. Na-
tive of Java, on the higher declivities of Mount Cede. Aralia
pergamacea, Blum, bijdr. 875.
Parchment-\ea\ed Paratropia. Shrub.
3 P. RIGIDA (D. C. 1. c.) stem arborescent ; leaves digitate :
leaflets 6-12, oblong, acute, bluntish at the base, and acutish at
the apex, in substance like parchment, glabrous ; racemes
crowded, terminal, divaricate, rather scurfy ; flowers umbellate,
octandrous. Fj . S. Native of the western parts of Java, in
woods on the mountains, where it is called Songo-Poana. Ara-
lia rigida, Blum. 1. c.
Var. ft ; racemes incurved, densely clothed with scurf. fj .
S. Native of Java, in the province of Bantam, where it is called
Tulak-Tangol. Blum. 1. c.
Stiff Paratropia. Tree.
4 P. LONOIFOLIA (D. C. 1. c.) stem arborescent, scandent ;
leaves digitate: leaflets 9-11, rather large, oblong, acute,
rounded at the base, glabrous ; racemes crowded, densely clothed
with tomentum, terminal, straight ; flowers umbellate, with 7-9
stamens. T; . S. Native of Java, in mountain woods, where it
is called, along with many other Araliaceous plants, Ilamo-gil-
ing. Sciodaphyllum longifolium, Blum, bijdr. p. 876.
Long-leaved Paratropia. Shrub cl.
5 P. CANTONE'NSIS (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot.
189.) stem arboreous ; leaves on long petioles, digitate : leaflets
5-9, elliptic, acutish at the base, acuminated at the apex, rather
coriaceous, glabrous ; racemes terminal, furfuraceous ; flowers
in fascicles, decandrous ; stigma sessile, 10-cleft. fj . G. Na-
tive of China, about Canton. Aralia octophylla var. Cantonensis,
Lour. coch. p. 187. This species conies very near P. pergamacea.
Canton Paratropia. Tree 10 feet.
Cult. Any light soil will suit the species of Paratropia;
and cuttings of them will be easily rooted under a hand-glass in
heat.
XIII. ARTHROPHY'LLUM (from apflpov, arthron, a joint,
and <j>v\\ov, phyllon, a leaf; in reference to the jointed petioles).
Blum, bijdr. p. 878. D. C. prod. 4. p. 266.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Margin of calyx short,
obsoletely 5-toothed. Petals 5. Stamens 5, alternating with
the petals. Ovarium 1-ovulate. Style short, or nearly want-
ing : stigma obtuse. Fruit baccate, crowned, containing a one-
seeded nucleus. Albumen somewhat corneous. Embryo in-
verted.— Unarmed Java shrubs. Leaves glabrous, variable,
usually bipinnate. Umbels petiolar, compound. Perhaps refer-
rible to the monospermous Araliaceous unarmed genus, incom-
pletely described in Pet. Th. gen. nov. mad. p. 13. under no. 42.
1 A. JAVA'NICUM (Blum. 1. c.) leaves bipinnate : leaflets
cuneate-obovate, bluntish at the apex, or the upper leaflets are
rounded and coriaceous. Jj . S. Native of Java, in mountain
woods at Parang.
Java Arthrophyllum. Shrub or tree.
2 A. DIVERSIFOLIUM (Blum. 1. c.) leaves impari-pinnate, ter-
nate or bipinnate ; leaflets oblong, somewhat acuminated, oblique
at the base, membranous. ^ . S. Native of Java, in woods,
on Mount Salak.
Diverse-leaved Arthrophyllum. Tree.
3 A. ELUPTICUM (Blum. 1. c.) leaves bipinnate : leaflets ellip-
tic-oblong, acute, oblique at the base, coriaceous. T? . S. Native
of Java, in mountain woods.
Elliptic-lea&etted Arthrophyllum. Shrub or tree.
Cult. See Paratropia above for culture and propagation.
ORDER CXXV. HAMAMELl'DE^E (plants agreeing with
Hamamelis in important characters). R. Br. descr. pi. chin.
1818. p. 3. Adr. Juss. diet, class 8. p. 28. Sweet, hort. brit.
371. D. C. prod. 4. p. 267.— Pet.Th.veg. afr.austr. ed. 2. p. 31.
Tube of calyx adhering to the ovarium more or less, 4-lobed
(f. 69. a. g.) or repandly toothed. Petals 4 (f. 69. e. i.), linear,
elongated, inserted in the calyx, alternating with the calycine
lobes, involutely valvate in aestivation : rarely wanting, but
probably sometimes changed into stamina. Stamens inserted
with the petals, and double their number (f. 69. i.) ; those al-
ternating with the petals are fertile, and those opposite the petals
are sterile and destitute of anthers (f. 69. g.) ; filaments all short.
Fertile anthers inserted by the base, 2-celled, dehiscing in va-
rious ways. Ovarium adnate at the base, 2-celled: cells 1-
seeded ; ovula pendulous. Styles 2 (f. 69. /.), very rarely 3.
Capsule adnate at the base to the permanent tube of the calyx,
2-celled, 2-valved ; valves bifid at the apex. Seed pendulous,
with a superior hylum. Albumen corneous. Embryo straight,
slender, with a superior radicle ; and foliaceous flat cotyledons, or
having their margins rather involute. — Shrubs. Leaves alternate,
bistipulate, petiolate, feather-nerved, entire or sinuately toothed.
Flowers axillary, nearly sessile, in fascicles, usually bracteate,
sometimes dioecious or polygamous.
Many of the genera of this order were formerly placed among
the Berberidece and Amementaceoe, but were constituted a dis-
tinct order by R. Brown in 1818 ; but the place which it should
hold in the natural system is still doubtful. According to R.
Brown, it is intermediate between Bruniacece and Marlea*, (a
genus which should have been placed in Alangieee, vol. ii. p. 806.
But according to Pet. Thouars, it comes nearest to RMmneee,
and according to Juss. to Haloragiece. But afterwards it was
3 E 2
396
HAMAMELIDE^l. I. HAMAMEIIS.
placed by R. Brown and Pet. Thouars near Araliacece and
Cdrnece. The order differs from Alangiecs in the fruit being
capsular, not baccate ; and from Bruniacece in the parts of the
flowers being quaternary, in the stamens being double the num-
ber of the petals, in the insertion and dehiscence of the anthers,
and in the cells of the ovarium being 1 -seeded, &c. ; it differs
from Araliacece and Cornece in the fruit being capsular, in the
number of the parts of the flower, and in the structure of the
anthers; and from Amentacece in the flowers of most of the
genera being complete ; but the genus Fothergilla agrees with
Amenlacece in habit, and in the want of petals ; but perhaps in
this genus the outer series of the stamens represent the petals.
* MA'RLEA (the name of the tree in Silhet). Roxb. cor. 3.
p. 283. D. C. prod. 4. p. 267.— Stylidium, Lour. coch. p. 221.
but not of Swartz. — Pautsaiivia, Juss. diet. sc. nat. p. 51. p.
158. — Stylis, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 260.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx adnate to
the ovarium : limb short, bluntly 6-8-toothed. Petals 6-8,
linear, alternating with the teeth of the calyx. Stamens 8, ad-
nate to the epigynous disk, and inserted at the top of the calyx ;
anthers long, linear. Ovarium 2-celled, biovulate. Style short ;
stigma 4-toothed. Drupe oval, rather fleshy, umbilicate from
the teeth of the calyx : containing a 2-celled nucleus. Seed
compressed. Albumen fleshy. Embryo with a superior radicle
and flat cotyledons. — A small Asiatic tree. Leaves alternate,
exstipulate, petiolate, unequally cordate, acuminated, entire,
glabrous, except the nerves on the under side. Flowers on
axillary peduncles, somewhat corymbose, whitish or yellowish.
1 M. BEGONIFOLIA (Roxb. 1. c.) Pj . G. Native of the East
Indies, in Silhet and Nipaul ; and of China, near Canton,
where it is called Pautsau. Stylidium Chinense, Lour. 1. c.
Stylis Chinensis, Poir. 1. c. Leaves sometimes acutely bifid, or
a little toothed.
Begonia-leaved Marlea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub
5 to 6 feet.
Cult. This shrub is easily increased by cuttings in sand under
a hand-glass. The soil best adapted for it is a mixture of sand,
loam, and peat.
Synopsis of the genera.
TRIBE I.
HAMAME'LE*;. Petals 4 (f. 69. e.}. Stamens 8, 4 fertile (f.
69. 6.), and 4 sterile (f. 69. g.}. Anthers dehiscing by a valve.
1 HAMAME'LIS. Calyx 4-lobed, furnished with 3-4 scales on
the outside. Ovarium ending in 2-3 styles at the apex (f. 69.
/.). Capsule coriaceous, 2-celled (f. 69. c.).
2 DICORY'PHE. Calyx 4-lobed. Styles 2. Fruit inclosed
in the circumcised calyx, umbilicate at the apex, 2-horned,
2-seeded.
3 THICHOCLADUS. Flowers dioecious, intermixed with chaffy
scales. Petal 1, convolute. Stamen 1. Female flowers: ova-
rium villous. Style 1. Capsule 4-celled, 4-valved. Arillus of
seed 2-valed.
TRIBE II.
FOTHERGILLEJE. Petals wanting. Stamens 24, all fertile.
Anthers opening by a semicircular chink at the margin.
4 FOTHERGILLA. Calyx campanulate, 5-7-toothed. Anthers
form of a horse-shoe. Styles 2. Capsule 2-lobed, 2-celled :
cells 2-valved at the apex, 1 -seeded.
Tribe I.
HAMAME'LEjE (shrubs agreeing with the genus Hamamt-
lis in important characters). D. C. prod. 4. p. 268. Petals 4.
Stamens 8, 4 of which are sterile. Anthers dehiscing by a
valve.
I. HAMAME'LIS (o^opn\ie, homomelis, a name under which
Athenseus speaks of a fruit resembling an apple ; it comes from
opoe, omos, like, and ^ijXta, melea, an apple-tree ; but the pre-
sent genus is not in any way analogous to the apple). Lin. gen.
no. 169. Juss. gen. p. 288. Lam. ill. t. 88. f. 1. D. C. prod.
4. p. 268. — Trilopus, Mith. act. acad. nat. cur. 8. appendix.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Digy'nia. Calyx 4-lobed, adhering to
the ovarium at the base, furnished with 2-3 scales on the out-
side. Petals 4 (f. 69. a.), long, tongue-shaped, alternating with
the teeth of the calyx (f. 69. e.). The 4 stamens alternating
with the petals, fertile (f. C9. 6.), with very short filaments :
adnate 2-celled anthers; the cells opening by a vertical valve.
The 4 sterile stamens (f. 69. g.} with very thick filaments
and round anthers, one in front of each petal. Ovarium free
at the apex, ending in 2 (f. 69. I.), rarely in 3 short styles.
Capsule coriaceous, half free, 2-celled, 2-valved at the apex ;
valves bifid. Arils 2 in each capsule, coriaceous, 1 -seeded,
opening by 2 elastic valves above. Seed oblong, shining, with
a superior hylum ; albumen fleshy. Embryo with a superior
radicle and flat cotyledons. — Small American or Asiatic trees.
Leaves alternate, on short petioles, bistipulate, ovate or cu-
neated, feather-nerved, nearly entire. Flowers nearly sessile, dis-
posed in clusters in the axils of the leaves, girded by a 3-leaved
involucrum. Petals yellow.
1 H. ViRGiNicA(Lin. syst.nat. FIG 69
p. 333.) leaves obovate, acutely
toothed, with a small cordate re-
cess at the base, tj . H. Native
of North America, from Canada
to Florida, in stony and dry si-
tuations, but frequently near
water. Mill. ill. t. 10. Duham.
arb. l.t. 114. Schkuhr, handb. t.
27. Lodd. bot. cab. 598. Guimp.
abb. holzart. t. 75. Rafin. med.
bot. 1. t. 45. — Catesb. car. 3. t.
2. This singular shrub, which
grows about 10 or 12 feet high,
begins to show its yellow flowers
in autumn, when all others have
dropped their leaves, continues
to flower all winter, and forms
its fruit the spring following. The flowers are either polyga-
mous, varying to dioecious, monoecious, and androgynous 5
hence the names of Hamamelis dioica, monoica, and androgynai
Walt. car. 255. The Indians consider this tree as a valuable
article in their Materia Medica. They apply the bark, w^hich is
sedative and discutient, to painful tumours and external inflam-
mations. A cataplasm of the inner rind is found to be very effi-
cacious in removing painful inflammations of the eyes.
Far. fi,parvifdlia(Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 107.) leaves smaller,
oblong- obovate, upper part undulately and grossly crenated : the
under side pubescent, rather hairy ; segments of the calyx ob-
long ; stamens and perigynous filaments often nearly equal, fj .
H. From the mountains of Pennsylvania.
Virginian Witch-hazel. Fl. Oct. Feb. Clt. 1736. Shrub
8 to 12 feet.
2 H. MACROPHY'LLA (Pursh. fl. sept. amer. 1. p. 116.) leaves
nearly orbicular, cordate, coarsely and bluntly toothed, scabrous
from dots beneath. Tj . H. Native of North America, in the
HAMAMELIDEiE. I. HAMAMELIS. II. DICORYPHE. III. TEICHOCLADUS. IV. FOTHERGILLA.
397
western part of Georgia ; and of North Carolina, on the Catabaw
Mountains. The large leaves punctated on their under side,
with rough tubercles and other marks, give sufficient reason for
considering it a distinct species.
Large-leaved Witch-hazel. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1812. Shrub
10 to 12 feet.
3 H. PE'RSICA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 268.) leaves oval, acumi-
nated, repandly toothed above, cuneated at the base, equal, t? .
H. Native of Persia, in the province of Lenkeran, where it
was collected by Hansen. Adult leaves rather scabrous on the
nerves and petioles ; the rest glabrous. Flowers unknown.
Fruit a little smaller than that of H. Virginica, but similar.
Persian Witch-hazel. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
4 H. CHINE'NSIS (R. Br. descr. pi. chin. 1818. p. 4. with a
figure,) leaves ovate, quite entire, unequal at the base, grey on
both surfaces from stellate down. Tj . H. Native of China,
near Nankin, and in the island of Cheusan. — Pluk. amalth. 32.
t. 368. f. 2. Petals linear, 3-nerved, very much elongated.
Anthers with deciduous valves; hence it is proposed by R. Br.
to form it into a distinct section under the name of Loropetalum.
China Witch-hazel. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
Cult. The species of Witch-hazel are well adapted for shrub-
beries ; they will grow in any common soil, and are increased by
layers or suckers.
II. DICORY'PHE (from &£, dis, twice, and xopv^t], coryphe,
a vertex; in reference to the two horns on the top of the fruit).
Pet. Th. hist. veg. afr. austr. 1. p. 31. t. 7. ed. 2. p. 15. t. 4.
and p. 31. nov. gen. mad. p. 12. D. C. prod. 4. p. 269. —
Dicory'pha, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 546.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Digy'nia. Tube of calyx oblong, hairy,
adhering to the ovarium : limb 4-lobed, circumcised after flower-
ing. Petals 4; inserted in the upper part of the tube of the
calyx, joined to the filaments at the base. Stamens 4, fertile,
alternating with the petals : filaments broad at the base : anthers
oblong, adnate, erect, dehiscing at the sides; and 4 sterile
smaller stamens alternating with the first named ones. Styles 2.
Pericarp inclosed in the circumcised calyx, umbilicate at the
apex, and 2-horned, inclosing 2 1 -seeded coriaceous coccula,
which open at the apex. Seed ovate, hanging from the top.
Albumen fleshy. Embryo with a superior radicle : and flat coty-
ledons, having revolute edges. — A small shrub, with twiggy
weak branches. Leaves alternate, on short petioles, oblong,
feather-nerved, entire, furnished with 2 unequal broad foliaceous
stipulas at the base. Corymbs terminal, somewhat fasciculate,
7-8-flowered.
1 D. STIPULA'TA (Jaum. exp. fam. 2. p. 348.) Tj . S. Native
of Madagascar, near Foulpointe. Pet. Th. 1. c. D. Thouarsii,
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 485.
Stipulate-\ea.ved Dicoryphe. Shrub.
Cult. A mixture of sand, loam, and peat will be a good soil
for this plant ; and young cuttings will strike root in sand under
a hand-glass, in heat.
III. TRICHO'CLADUS (from Opt rp<x°c> thrix trichos, a
hair, and KAaSoe, klados, a branch ; the branches are clothed
with stellate hairs). Pers. ench. 2. p. 597. D. C. prod. 4. p.
269.— Dahlia, Thunb. diss. (1792) and in edit, goett. 1. p. 108.
act. soc. hist. nat. hafn. 2. vol. 1. p. 133. t. 4. but not of Cav.
1791.
LIN. SYST. Dioecia, Mondndria. Flowers dioecious. Scales
paleaceous, distinguished from the capitate flowers. Male
flowers. Calyx unknown. Petal 1, convolute. Stamen 1, near
the scale and the petal ; anthers ovate, double celled from the
connate filaments (Thunb.), valves dehiscent (Burch.). Female
flowers. Calyx unknown. Petals wanting. Ovarium villous.
Style 1. Capsule ovate, 4-valved, 4-celled. Arillus (seed,
Thunb.) ovate, glabrous, villous from stellate dots. Leaves op-
posite, petiolate, oval, acuminated, entire. Flowers in terminal
heads, crowded on a common receptacle. The character is
taken from the description of the tree by Thunberg.
1 T. CRINITUS (Pers. 1. c.) Pj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, in the woods of Houtniquas. Dahlia crinita, Thunb.
11. cc. and fl. cap. 1. The shrub has the resemblance of a species
of Crbton.
Hairy Trichocladus. CIt. 1823. Shrub 4 to 8 feet.
Cult. A mixture of loam and sand is a good soil for this
shrub ; and young cuttings will root readily in sand under a
hand-glass.
Tribe II.
FOTHERGI'LLE^; (this tribe only contains the genus Fo-
thergilla). D. C. prod. 4. p. 269. Petals wanting. Stamens
24, all fertile ; anthers dehiscing by a chink. This tribe is in-
termediate between Hamamelece and Amentacece from habit.
IV. FOTHERGl'LLA (in memory of John Fothergill, M.D.
an eminent physician, and patron of botany ; who cultivated a
variety of most curious plants in his garden near London). Lin.
fil. suppl. p. 42. Lam. ill. t. 480. Juss. gen. 408. but not of
Aublet. D. C. prod. 4. p. 269.
LIN. SYST. Icosdndria, Digy'nia. Calyx campanulate, adher-
ing to the ovarium at the base, somewhat truncate, with 5-7 cal-
lous subrepand teeth. Petals wanting. Stamens about 25, in-
serted in the calyx, club-shaped, exserted ; anthers terminal, of
the form of a horse shoe, opening by a semi-circular chink at
the margin. Ovarium 2-celled, 2-ovulate. Styles 2, filiform.
Capsule adnate to the base of the calyx, 2-lobed, 2-celled ; cells
2-valved at the apex, 1-seeded. Seed bony, pendulous, with a
superior hylum. — A shrub, with alternate, obovate, feather-
nerved, bistipulate leaves, clothed with soft starry down ; and
terminal ovate spikes of flowers, having a solitary bractea under
each flower ; those bracteas at the base of the spike are trifid,
and those at its apex are nearly entire. Flowers white, sweet-
scented, sessile. Anthers yellow.
1 F. ALNIF&LIA (Lin. fil. suppl. FIG 70
267.) tj . H. Native of North
America, from Virginia to Caro-
lina, in shady woods on the sides
of hills. Duham. arb. ed. nov. 4.
t. 26. Guimp. arb. holzart. t.
16. F. Garden!, Michx. fl. bor.
amer. ]. p. 313. Hamamelis
monoica, Lin. ex Smith, in Rees'
cycl. vol. 17. Flowers appearing
before the leaves.
Far. a, obtusa (Sims, bot. mag.
1341. Mill. fig. t. 1.) leaves
obovate, crenate at the top, when
young clothed with fascicles of
down beneath. F. major, Lodd.
bot. cab. t. 1520. (f. 70.)
Var. ft, acuta (Sims, 1. c.) leaves
nearly entire, white from down beneath,
icon. rar. t. 100.
Var. y, major (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1342.) leaves ovate-oblong,
somewhat cordate at the base, very blunt and serrated at the
apex, sometimes with an acumen ; when young tomentose be-
neath.
Var. S, serotina (Sims, 1. c.) leaves oblong, acute, crenately
toothed at the top, green beneath.
Alder-leaved Fothergilla. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1765. Shrub
3 to 6 feet.
narrow, ovate, acute,
T. Gardeni, Jacq.
S98
CORNEJE. I. CORNUS.
Cult. All the varieties of this shrub are very handsome while
in flower and leaf, and are therefore proper for shrubberies. A
peat or vegetable soil answers them best ; and they may either be
increased by layers put down in spring or autumn, or by seed,
which is annually received from America.
ORDER CXXVI. CO'RNE^E (this order contains plants agree-
ing with Cornus in important characters). D. C. prod. 4. p. 271.
— Caprifoliacese Cornese, Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 430. —
Genera of Caprifoliaceae, Juss.
Calyx having the tube adnate to the ovarium ; and the
limb superior and 4-lobed (f. 71. c.). Petals 4, oblong, broad
at the base, inserted in the upper part of the tube of the
calyx, regular, valvate in aestivation. Stamens 4, inserted with
the petals, and alternating with them ; anthers ovate-oblong, 2-
celled. Style filiform ; stigma simple. Drupe baccate, crowned
by the vestiges of the calyx, containing a 2-celled nucleus. Seed
pendulous, solitary in the cells. Albumen fleshy. Embryo with
a superior radicle, which is shorter than the two oblong cotyle-
dons.— Trees and shrubs, rarely herbs. Leaves of all opposite,
except in one species of the genus Cornus, entire or toothed,
feather-nerved. Flowers capifete, umbellate or corymbose,
naked or involucrated, rarely dioecious from abortion. Flesh of
pulp of fruit edible.
This order agrees with Hamamelideee, and Caprifoliacece, tribe
Sambucece ; but differs from the first in the aestivation of the
petals being truly valvate ; in the stamens not being double the
number of the petals ; in the style being simple, not double ; in
the fruit being drupaceous, not capsular ; and in the albumen
being fleshy, not horny, &c. From Sambucece it differs in the
corolla being polypetalous, not gamopetalous ; in the parts of the
flower being quaternary, not quinary ; in the style being ex-
serted, not wanting ; in the stigmas being 2, not 3, and in the
fruit being drupaceous, not baccate, &c. Cornece differs from
Loranthacece in the stamens alternating with the petals, not op-
posite them.
All the genera of this order have more or less astringent bark ;
that of Cornus florida is used in North America in intermittent
fevers, as is also that of Cornus sericea, which, according to Bar-
ton, is scarcely inferior to quinquina.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 COIINUS. Limb of calyx 4-toothed (f. 71. c.). Drupe
baccate, marked by the vestiges of the calyx, containing a 2-cell-
ed, rarely 3-celled nucleus.
2 VOTOMI'TA. Tube of calyx turbinate ; limb 4-toothed.
Anthers approximating into a tube, and terminated by a thin
membrane. Stigmas 4, oblong. Drupe crowned by the calyx,
1 -celled.
3 MASTIXIA. Limb of calyx 4-5-toothed. Stamens 4-5 ;
anthers didymous. Style short, girded by a disk ; stigma ob-
tuse. Drupe umbilicate, containing a 1 -seeded nucleus.
4 POLYOSMA. Limb of calyx 4-toothed. Petals sometimes
joined at the base. Anthers 2-celled. Stigma truncate. Drupe
containing a 1-seeded nucleus.
I. CO'RNUS (from cornu, a horn ; the wood being thought
to be as hard and as durable as horn. Its value as a material
for warlike instruments has been celebrated by Virgil. — Bona
bello cornus). Tourn. inst. 641. t. 410. Lin.gen.no. 149. Gaertn.
fruct. t. 26. D. C. prod. 4. p. 271.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx adher-
ing to the ovarium ; limb small, 4-toothed (f. 71. c.). Petals
4, oblong, sessile ; valvate in aestivation. Stamens 4. Style
1. Drupe baccate, marked by the vestiges of the calyx,
containing a 2-celled, rarely 3-celled nucleus. Seed solitary,
pendulous. Albumen fleshy. Radicle of embryo shorter than
the cotyledons. — Trees and shrubs, sometimes low herbs.
Leaves all opposite, except in the first species, entire, feather-
nerved. Flowers sometimes capitate and umbellate, involu-
crated ; sometimes corymbose and panicled, without involucra.
Petals white, rarely yellow.
§ 1 . Nudiflorce (from nudus, naked, and flos, a flower ; in
allusion to the flowers being exinvolucrate). D. C. prod. 4. p.
271. Flowers corymbose or panicled, exinvolucrale.
* Leaves alternate.
1 C. ALTERNIFOLIA (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 125.) leaves alternate,
ovate, acute, hoary beneath ; corymbs depressed, spreading ;
branches warted. Ij . H. Native of North America, from
Canada to Carolina, in shady woods on river banks. Lher. corn,
no. 11. Guimp. abb. holz. t. 43. Schmidt, arb. 2. t. 70. C.
alterna, Marsh. Berries purple, globose, about the size of a
grain of pepper. Leaves on long petioles. Branches green or
reddish-brown.
Alternate-leaved Dogwood. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1760. Tree
15 to 20 feet.
* * Leaves opposite.
2 C. PANICULA'TA (Lher. corn. no. 10. t. 5.) branches erect;
leaves o^ite, acuminated, glabrous, hoary beneath ; corymbs
thyrsoid ; ovarium silky. J? . H. Native of North America,
from Canada to Carolina, rare, in swamps and near rivulets
among other bushes. Schmidt, arb. 2. t. 68. C. racemosa,
Lam. diet. 2. p. 116. C. femina, Mill. diet. no. 4. C. citrifolia,
Hort. par. Branches pale-purplish. Berries roundish, depres-
sed, watery, white, 3 lines in diameter. The dots on the under
side of the leaves, which are only seen through a lens, bear
bicuspidate short adpressed hairs. Tube of calyx pubescent.
Far. ft, dlbida (Ehrh. beitr. 4. p. 16.) leaves elliptic-lanceo-
late.
Var. y, radidta (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 109.) racemes
sterile, foliiferous.
Panic led- flowered Dogwood. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1758.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
3 C. TOLUCCE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
430.) branches dichotomous, spreading ; leaves ovate-oblong,
narrowly acuminated, puberulous on both surfaces, paler be-
neath ; cymes lateral, naked. Jj . H. Native of Mexico, on
the higher plains about the city of Tolucca. Very like C, pani-
culala. Compare Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 5. p. 171.
in which place there is a species described which was found
about Jalapa, and which is probably referrible to the present
plant.
Tolucca Dogwood. Tree or shrub.
4 C. OBLONGA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 432.) leaves ob-
long, acuminated, acute at the base, glaucous and rather scabrous
beneath, with many excavated glands along the axils of the ribs
and nerves ; corymbs spreading, panicled. Jj. H. Native of
Nipaul, about Narainhetty, Katmandu, and the valley of Dhoon.
C. paniculate, Hamilt. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 140. Young
shoots clothed with short adpressed hair. Leaves 4-6 inches
CORNER. I. CORNUS.
399
long, and 1 to 1-J- inch broad ; petioles about an inch long.
Flowers white or pale-purplish, fragrant. Calyx clothed with
adpressed silvery hairs, as well as the pedicels and petals. Drupe
ovate-oblong. Ovarium 3-celled.
Oblong-leaved Dogwood. Clt. 1818. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
5 C. STRI'CTA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 1 1 6.) branches straight, fas-
tigiate ; leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous, green on both sur-
faces, when young hardly pubescent beneath ; corymbs convex,
somewhat panicled. \ . H. Native of North America, from
Carolina to Canada, on the banks of rivers, frequent ; also of
Mexico, between Tampico and Real del Monte. Lher. corn,
no. 9. t. 4. Schmidt, arb. 2. t. 67. C. fastigiata, Michx. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 92. C. sanguinea, Walt, but not of Lin. C. cya-
nocarpos, Gmel. syst. veg. 1. p. 257. C. Canadensis, Hort. par.
C. caerulea, Meerb. icon. 3. but not of Lam. Branches reddish-
brown. Anthers blue. Berries globose, soft, blue on the out-
side, but white inside.
Var. /3, variegata ; leaves variegated with white or yellow.
Straight-branched Dogwood. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1758.
Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
6 C. SANGUINEA (Lin. spec. p. 171.) branches straight;
leaves ovate, acute, smooth and green on both surfaces ; co-
rymbs flat. Ij . H. Native of Europe and the north of Africa,
in hedges and thickets, especially on a chalk and limestone soil,
common ; plentiful in Britain in like situations. It is also said
to grow in North America near the Lakes of Canada and New
York, but has probably been introduced there. Smith, engl.
bot. t. 249. Fl. dan. 481.— Duham. arb. 1. t. 75.— C. femina,
Raii, syn. 460. Ger. emac. 1467. with a figure. Virga sangui-
nea, Matth. valgr. 1. p. 236. with a figure. Cam. epit. 159. with
a figure. Branches of a dark-red when full grown. Leaves
2-3 inches long. Flowers greenish-white, unpleasantly scented ;
petals revolute at the sides. Fruit dark-purple, very bitter.
Matthiolus records that an oil is obtained from the berries by
pressure, after they have first been boiled, which is%sed for
lamps in the country near Trent. The shrub, after a smothered
combustion, affords a charcoal, esteemed the best for entering
into the composition of gunpowder. It has a variety of names
in different parts of the kingdom, as female cornel, dogberry-tree,
hound' s-tree, prickmood, from its use in making skewers, gaten or
gaten-lree, gater or gater-tree. The wood was formerly made
use of for cart timber and rustic instruments, &c. Mr. Miller
informs us, that in his time the fruit was often brought to the
markets, and sold for those of buckthorn.
Bloody-branched. Dogwood or Wild Cornel-tree. Fl. June,
Britain. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
7 C. PU'RSHII ; branches straight ; leaves ovate, green on
both surfaces, and pubescent ; corymbs spreading. Tj . H. Na-
tive of North America, near the lakes of Canada and New York.
C. sanguinea, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 109. Schmidt, arb. 2.
t. 66. Flowers with yellow anthers. Berries dark-brown. This
differs from the C. sanguinea of Europe in the leaves being pu-
bescent, and in stature.
Pursh 's Dogwood or Cornel. Fl. June, July. Sh. 8 to 12 ft.
8 C. EXCE'LSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 430.)
branches spreading ; branchlets pubescent ; leaves ovate, acumi-
nated, pubescent and paler beneath, and with minute scattered
pili above ; cymes naked, spreading. I? . H. Native about the
city of Mexico. Allied to C. sanguinea.
Tall Dogwood. Tree.
9 C. A'LBA (Lin. mant. p. 40.) branches recurved ; branchlets
glabrous ; leaves ovate, acute, pubescent, hoary beneath ;
corymbs depressed. T? . H. Native of Siberia, at the rivers
Oby and Irtysch, among bushes, &c. ; North America, from
Virginia to Canada, on the banks of rivers and lakes ; and of
North California. Pall. fl. ross. 1. t. 34. C. stolonifera, Michx.
fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 109. C. Sibirica, Lodd. C. Tatarica, Mill,
fig. 104. — Amm. ruth. t. 32. Branches of a fine red colour.
Berries white or bluish-white.
Var. (3, circinnata ; leaves larger, more hairy beneath. Jj . H.
Native throughout Canada, and from Lake Huron to north lat.
69°, Newfoundland, and the north-west coast of America. C.
circinnata, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 139. The berries
are lead-coloured according to Dr. Richardson, who further says,
they are named by the Crees musquameena, because the bears
fatten upon them, and meethquan-peemeenattick and meenisan
(red stick berry), and that pigeons are fond of them.
White-berried Dogwood. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1741. Shrub
4 to 10 feet.
10 C. SERICEA (L'Her. corn. no. 6. t. 2.) branches spreading;
branchlets woolly ; leaves ovate, acuminated, clothed with rusty
pubescence beneath ; corymbs depressed, woolly ; nucleus com-
pressed, fy . H. Native of North America, from Canada to
Carolina, in swampy woods and on river banks. Schmidt, arb.
2. t. 64. C. lanuginosa, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 92. C. alba,
Walt. fl. car. 88. but not of Lin. C. caerulea, Lam. diet. 2. p.
116. C. am6mum, Duroi, harbk. 1. p. 165. C. rubigindsa,
Ehrh. beitr. 4. p. 15. C. ferruginea, Hort. par. C. candidis-
sima, Mill. C. cyanocarpos, Moench, but not of Gmel. Berries
bright blue, globose.
Var. ft, oblongifolia (D. C. p*d. 4. p. 272.) leaves oblong,
glabrous above. fj . H. C. oblongifolia, Rafin. in litt.
Var. y, asperifblia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 272.) leaves oval, acu-
minated, rough above from minute stiff pubescence, and rather
tomentose beneath. ^ . H. Native of Lower Carolina, in shady
woods. C. asperifolia, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 93.
Silky Dogwood. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1683. Shrub 5 to
8 feet.
1 1 C. CIRCINNA'TA (L'Her. corn. p. 7. no. 8. t. 3.) branches
warted ; leaves broadly oval, acuminated, clothed with hoary
tomentum beneath ; corymbs depressed, spreading. ^ . H.
Native of North America, from Canada to Virginia, on the
banks of rivers, and probably of California, ex Cham, and
Schlecht. in Linnsea. 3. p. 139. Schmidt, arb. 2. t. 69. C. tomen-
tosula, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 91. C. rugosa, Lam. diet. 2.
p. 115. C. Virginiana, Hort. par. Branches slightly tinged
with red. Leaves broad, waved on their edges. Flowers white
as in most of the species. Berries globose, at first blue, but at
length becoming white.
Rounded-leaved Dogwood. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1784. Shrub
5 to 10 feet.
12 C. MACROIMIY'LLA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 433.)
branches smooth ; leaves broad-ovate, acuminated, rounded at
the base, smooth, glaucous and soft beneath, with the axils
slightly glandular ; corymbs umbellate ; flowers racemose along
the branches of the corymb, and secund. I? . H. Native of
Nipaul, near Saharumpore and Sirinagur, and at Kamaon.
Leaves with adpressed bristles, 6 inches long, and 4 inches
broad, pale beneath ; the bristles fixed by the centre, and there-
fore bicuspidate, but are only to be seen through a lens. Ova-
rium hairy. Berries round, smooth, about the size of a grain of
black pepper.
Long-leaved Dogwood. Shrub.
§ 2. Involucratce (from involucra, an involucrum ; the heads
of flowers are surrounded by an involucrum). D. C. prod. 4. p.
273. Flowers disposed in heads (f. 71. b.) or umbels, surrounded
by coloured involucra, which are usually composed of 4 leaves (f.
71. a.).
* Trees, with white capitate flowers.
13 C. CAPITA'TA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 434.) branches
400
CORNER. I. CORNUS.
spreading, smooth ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated at both ends,
on short petioles, rather rough from small adpressed down ;
flowers sessile, densely aggregate, forming a round head, girded
by a 4-leaved scabrous involucrum. ^ . H. Native of Nipaul,
in Gosaingsthan, where the tree is called chungma ; and about Se-
rampore, where it is called Bhumowro ; and between Sutley and
Jumna. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. HI. Leaves coriaceous, 2
inches long, glaucous and pale beneath : with sometimes pink-
coloured nerves, having each a minute gland in their axils.
Heads of flowers about the size of a moderate-sized cherry,
supported by a club-shaped peduncle, which widens at the upper
end into a convex ligneous receptacle for the reception of the
flowers. Involucrum yellow, of 4 obovate leaves.
Capitate-fiowered Dogwood. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
14 C. DISCIFI.ORA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D.-C.
prod. 4. p. 273.) branches smooth ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated
at both ends, on short petioles ; flowers nearly sessile, disposed in
capitate umbels ; leaves of involucrum joined together into a
roundish 4-lobed disk. J? . H. Native of Mexico, near Jalapa,
where it was collected by Berlandier, Deppe, and Schiede. C.
grandis, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 5. p. 171. Flowers
white, many sterile. Fruit ovate. Perhaps C. polygama, Rafin.
fl. lud. p. 78.?
Disk-flowered Dogwood. Tree.
15 C. JAPONICA (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 63.) arboreous; branches
striated ; leaves ovate, acuminated, entire at the base, pale be-
neath ; umbels decompound, of 3-5 rays ; involucrum of 4 leaves,
fj . H. Native of Japan, near Nagasaki. Viburnum Japoni-
cum, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 934. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 320.
Stamens 4. Flowers white. Fruit crowned by the very short
permanent style, and the trigonal acute stigma, compressed, red,
smooth, rather acid, ex Thunb. 1. c.
Japan Dogwood. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
* Trees, with yellow umbellate Jlorvers.
16 C. MA'S (Lin. spec. 171.) branches smoothish ; leaves
oval, acuminated, rather pubescent on both surfaces ; flowers
rising before the leaves ; umbels about equal in length to the 4-
leaved involucra ; fruit elliptic. Tj . H. Native throughout
Europe, Britain excepted, and in the north of Asia, in hedges,
and among bushes ; as in France, Russia, Germany, Switzerland,
Austria, Carniola, Piedmont, &c. Blackw. t. 121. Plench.
icon. t. 64. C. mascula, L'Her. corn. no. 4. Guimp. abb. t. 2.
Hayne, term. bot. t. 35. Fl. greec. t. 151. Schmidt, arb. 2. t.
C3. Lam. ill. t. 74. f. 1. Knip, cent. 1. t. 18. Flowers yellow.
Fruit elliptic, of a high shining scarlet colour, the size and form
of a small olive or acorn, very styptic in its immature state.
The Cornelian cherry is very common in plantations of shrubs.
If the season be mild, the flowers will come out in the beginning
of February; and though there be no great beauty in them, yet
they are produced in plenty at a season when few other flowers
appear. Formerly it was cultivated for the fruit, which was
used to make tarts, and a rob de cornis was kept in the shops.
The fruit is gratefully acid, and is called sorbet by the Turks.
Cornel, says Evelyn, grows with us of a good bulk and stature,
and is exceedingly commended for its durableness in wheel-
work, pins, and wedges, in which it lasts like the hardest iron.
Var. ft; fruit yellow or yellowish. Duham. arb. 1. p. 182.
This variety is to be found but very rare in the gardens.
Var. y, variegata ; leaves edged with white or yellow.
Male Cornel or Cornelian-cherry. Fl. Feb. April. Clt. 1596.
Shrub 10 to 15 feet.
17 C. FLORIDA (Lin. spec. 1661.) branches shining; leaves
ovate, acuminated, pale beneath, beset with adpressed pili on
both surfaces ; flowers umbellate, rising after the leaves; leaves
of involucrum large, roundish, retuse or nearly obcordate ;
drupes ovate. ^ . H. Native of North America, from Caro-
lina to Canada, in woods, common ; and on the banks of the
Columbia near its confluence with the sea. L'Hher. corn. no. 3.
Curt. bot. mag. t. 526. Catesb. car. t. 27. Bigel. med. bot. 2. t.
28. Guimp. abb. holz. t. 19. Rafin. med. bot. t. 28. Schmidt,
arb. 2. t. 52. Wang, beytr. 1. t. 17. f. 41. This is a beautiful
small tree. Leaves of involucrum white. Flowers greenish-
yellow. Berries scarlet, about half the size of those of C. mas-
cula, ripe in August. The wood is extremely hard, and of a very
fine texture. The bark is extremely bitter, and is used in North
America for the cure of remittent and intermittent fevers ; and
is considered not inferior to Peruvian bark. The young branches
stripped of their bark, and rubbed with their ends against the
teeth, render them extremely white. (Barton, 1. p. 51.) From
the bark of the more fibrous roots the Indians obtain a good
scarlet colour.
Flowering Dogwood. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1731. Tree 20
to 30 feet.
* * * Herbaceous plants, with subterraneous creeping roots.
Stems simple, herbaceous. Flomers white, in umbels.
FIG. 71.
18 C. CANADE'NSIS (Lin. spec.
1 72.) stems simple, herbaceous ;
upper leaves in whorles, ovate,
acuminated, veiny, on short pe-
tioles ; flowers umbellate, much
shorter than the leaves of the in-
volucrum, which are ovate, and
acuminated ; drupes globose.
I/. H. Native of North Ame-
rica, on the high mountains,
in boggy ground, from New
England to Carolina ; also of
Newfoundland, and the island of
Unalaschka ; throughout Canada
nearly to the Arctic coast, every
where as far as pine woods ex-
tend, &c. L'Her. corn. no. 2.
t. 1. Curt. bot. mag. 880. Begel.
fl. best. ed. 1. p. 37. Cham, and Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p.
139. Kerner, t. 636. ex Rosm. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 319.
Flowers purplish-white ; involucra white. Berries red, ripe in
July. Habit of Paris quadrifblia.
Canadian Dogwood. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1774. PL £ ft.
19 C. SUE'CICA (Lin. spec. 172.) stem herbaceous; umbel
between two branches, stalked, surrounded by 4 unequal white
involncral leaves, tinged with red ; leaves opposite, sessile,
ovate, almost nerved from the base ; drupe globose. I/ . H.
Native of Europe and the north of Asia, Kamtschatka, Aleutian
Islands, Greenland, Lapland, Canada, Newfoundland, and La-
brador, in moist alpine pastures. In Britain in like situations ;
on the Cheviot hills of Northumberland, abundantly. In the
highlands of Scotland, frequent in boggy spots about rivulets.
In the Hole of Horcum, near Scarborough. Lin. fl. lapp. ed.
2. p. 38. t. 5. f. 3. Svensk. bot. t. 201. Penn. tour, scotl. p. 39.
Smith, end. bot. t. 310. — CEder, fl. dan. t. 5. Sturm, deutschl.
fl. with a figure. C. herb'kcea, Huds. angl. 71 — Dill. elth. 108.
t. 91 — Rail, syn. 261. Park, theatr. 1461. f. 1. The involucral
leaves finally turn green. Flowers dark purple. The berries
are red and sweetish, containing a 2-celled nucleus, having the
dissepiment between the cells furnished with a large hole ; they
are supposed by the Highlanders to create an appetite, and
hence the Gaelic name, Lits-a-chrasis, plant of gluttony.
Var. /3 ; nearly twice the size of the species. }/. H. Native
of North America, at Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia.
CORNER. I. CORNUS. II. VOTOMITA. III. MASTIXIA. IV. POLYOSMA. LORANTHACE/E.
401
Swedish Dogwood or Dwarf-cornel. Fl. June, July. Britain.
PI. i to | foot.
t Species not sufficiently known.
20 C. FERULA'CEA (Jacq. ex Steud. nom. 227.) or C. ferulae-
folia, Nocca, syn. pi. p. 38. but is undescribed. Compare
Rocm. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 323.
Fennel-like Dogwood. Shrub.
21 C. LATIFOLIA (Bray, in Steud. nom. phan. 227.) this species
is undescribed as far as we know.
Broad-leaved Dogwood. Shrub.
22 C. POLY'GAMA (Rafin. fl. lud. p. 78.) branches straight,
smooth, glabrous ; leaves opposite, sessile, oblong, entire, ob-
liquely acuminated, hoary beneath ; flowers polygamous. (? . H.
Native of Louisiana. Cornus, no. 2. Rob. voy. 456. Shrub
15 feet high. Branches red. Calyx entire. Petals white,
acute. Styles shorter than the stamens. Fruit black, edible.
Polygamous Dogwood. Shrub 15 feet.
Cult. All the woody species are desirable for shrubberies ;
and many of the kinds will grow under the drip of trees, which
renders them valuable for thickening strips of plantations which
have become naked below. They are easily increased by cut-
tings, layering, or by suckers. The C. Suecica and C. Canaden-
sis should be grown in a border of peat, in a rather shady situa-
tion ; they are to be increased by dividing when the plants have
run considerably at the roots ; or they may be planted in pots
filled with peat earth, and treated as alpines.
II. VOTOMI'TA (Votomit is the name of the tree in Guiana).
Aubl. guian. 1. p. 90. t. 35. D. C. prod. 4. p. 275. — Glossoma,
Schreb. gen. no. 1728. — Guilleminia, Neck. elem. no. 813. but
not of Kunth.
LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx turbinate,
adnate to the ovarium ; limb 4-toothed. Petals 4, oblong, acu-
minated, spreadingly reflexed. Stamens 4, with very short fila-
ments ; anthers oblong, approximate into a tube, terminated by
a thin membrane. Style filiform, perforating the tube of the
anthers; stigmas 4, oblong. Drupe crowned by the calyx, 1-
celled. Seed one striated. — A glabrous shrub, having the
branches somewhat quadrangular at the apex. Leaves opposite,
sessile, ovate, acuminated, stiff, quite entire, furnished within
the base of the petioles with 2 deciduous stipulas. Flowers
corymbose ; corymbs axillary, few-flowered. Corolla white.
This genus is not sufficiently known, but is allied to Cornus from
the description.
1 V. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. 1. c.) Tj . S. Native of French
Guiana, near the river Sinemari. Poir. diet. 8. p. 698. Glos-
soma Votomita, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 318. Glossoma
arborescens, Willd. spec. 1. p. 664.
Guiana Votomita. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit this shrub ;
and cuttings will root readily in sand under a hand-glass in heat.
III. MASTI'XIA (meaning unknown to us). Blum, bijdr. p.
654. D. C. prod. 4. p. 275.
LIN. SYST. Tetra-Pentdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx
adnate to the ovarium : limb superior, 4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5,
ovate, broadest at the base. Stamens 4-5, opposite the calycine
teeth. Anthers didymous, bursting inwards. Ovarium contain-
ing a pendulous ovulum. Style short, girded by a disk ; stigma
obtuse. Drupe baccate, umbilicate, containing a 1 -seeded nut.
Embryo inverted in the albumen. — Tall trees, natives of Java,
with oblong acuminated leaves, and corymbose flowers.
1 M. PENTA'NDRA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves alternate, oblong, quite
glabrous ; corymbs terminal ; flowers pentandrous. T? . S. Native
of Java, on the more elevated woods on Mounts Salak and
Burangrang, where it is called by the natives Huru-Lilin.
VOL. III.
Pentandrous Mastixia. Fl. July, Dec. Tree 30 to 50 feet.
2 M. TRICHOTOMA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves opposite, oblong, pu-
berulous on the under side, as well as the petioles, and the
corymbs which are terminal and trichotomous ; flowers with a
4-toothed calyx, 4 petals, and 4 stamens. Pj . S. Native of
Java, in woods on the mountains along with the preceding species,
where it is called Palaglar burriet or Tenjoh.
Tricholomous-corymbed Mastixia. Tree 50 to 60 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Votomita above.
IV. POLYO'SMA (from iro\v, poly, much, and oa^ri, owie,
smell ; flowers). Blum, bijdr. p. 658. D. C. prod. 4. p. 275.
LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx adnate to
the ovarium : limb superior, 4-toothed, permanent. Petals 4,
sometimes joined at the base. Stamens 4, free, alternating with
the petals ; filaments linear, rather membranous ; anthers burst-
ing lengthwise inwardly, adnate, 2-celled. Ovarium incom-
pletely 2-celled, many-seeded. Style filiform ; stigma truncate,
simple. Drupe somewhat baccate, containing a 1 -seeded nu-
cleus. Albumen rather horny. Embryo inverted. — Trees and
shrubs, native of Java, with opposite exstipulate leaves ; and
axillary terminal racemes of whitish, very sweet-scented flowers,
furnished with 3 bracteoles under each.
1 P. ILICIFOLIUM (Blum. 1. c.) stem arborescent ; leaves ob-
long-, coarsely and deeply serrated at the top. ^ . S. Native
of Java, on the tops of the highsr mountains.
Holly-leaved Polyosma. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
2 P. SERRULA'TUM (Blum. 1. c.) stem shrubby; leaves oblong,
slightly serrulated. J? . S. Native of Java, in woods on
Mounts Cede and Pangurango.
Serrulated-leaved Polyosma. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
3 P. INTEGRIFOLIUM (Blum. 1. c.) stem arboreous ; leaves ob-
long, quite entire. t? . S. Native of Java, in the higher woods
on Mount Burangrang.
Entire-leaved Polyosma. Tree 60 feet.
Cult. See Votomita above for culture and propagation.
ORDER CXXVII. LORANTHA CE.E (plants agreeing with
Lordnthus in important characters). D. Don, prod. fl. nep.
142. D. C. coll. mem. vi. with 12 figures, prod. 4. p. 277. —
Loranthese, Rich, and Juss. in ann. mus. 12. p. 292. exclusive
of Rhizophorese, Clorantheae, and some genera of Loranthacese,
Loranthideae, Gray, brit. arr. 2. p. 492.
Flowers hermaphrodite, or of different sexes (f. 73. a. d.).
Tube of calyx girded at the base by a calyculous, which is adnate
to the ovarium ; limb short, entire, or lobed. Petals 4-8 (f. 73.
e.\ sometimes distinct from each other, sometimes cohering more
or less together, valvate in aestivation. Stamens equal in num-
ber to ihe petals, and opposite them ; filaments adnate to the
corolla, more or less, or wanting ; anthers oscillatory, or erect
on the tops of the filaments ; or when the filaments are defi-
cient or wanting, they are adnate to the lobes of the corolla.
Ovarium ovate or turbinate, adnate to the calyx. Style filiform
or wanting; stigma capitate. Berry 1-celled (f. 73. a./.),
1 -seeded (f. 73. c.), crowned or umbilicate by the calyx (f. 73. 6.).
Tegument membranous, involving the seed. Albumen fleshy.
Embryo with a superior radicle, which is thickened or truncate
at the apex. — The shrubs contained in this order are almost all
parasitical, that is, growing on and deriving their nourishment
from other trees : very few of them grow in earth. Leaves
opposite, rarely alternate or wanting, coriaceous or more or less
fleshy, and always entire. The disposition of the flowers and
3 F
102
LORANTHACEjE. I. VISCUM.
the habit of the plants are very variable. — Very few of the
plants belonging to this order are cultivatable ; they being
nearly all genuine parasites, fixed in the bark and wood of trees,
on which they grow, and deriving from their juices the whole of
their nutriment. The Viscums have little or no beauty, but the
other parasitical genera are among the most lovely of plants,
hanging in clusters of rich scarlet flowers from the trunks and
branches of trees in the tropics, which they often clothe with a
beauty not their own. The Mistletoe of the Druids is supposed
to have been the Loranthus Europeans, the common Viscum
never having been seen upon the oak, while the Loranthus Eu-
ropce'us inhabits no other tree. If this be correct, the latter must
have once existed in this country, although now extinct. It has
been suggested, that all vestiges of their religion were extirpated
with the Druids, which will perhaps account for the Lortinthus
having disappeared wherever that religion formerly held its sway.
This order is very nearly allied to Caprifoliacece, from which
it is easily distinguished by the anthers being opposite the lobes
of the corolla. A connection is established between this order
and Araliacece by means of Aucuba. Mr. Brown suggests their
relation to Proleaceee. The germination of Viscum is exceedingly
remarkable ; it has afforded a subject of some curious experi-
ments upon the vital energies of vegetables. See Du Trochet
sur la Motilite, p. 114.
Synopsis of the genera.
TRIBE I. Parasitical shrubs.
1 VI'SCUM. Flowers dioecious (f. 73. b. e.~), or monoecious.
Margin of calyx obsolete, but in the male flowers wanting. Pe-
tals usually 4 (f. 73. e.), connected at the base in the male
flowers, but free in the female. Stamens 4. Stigma obtuse, sessile.
2 ARCEUTHO'BIUM. Flowers dioecious. Male flowers sessile,
without a calyx, but with a monopetalous 2-3-4-parted corolla,
and the same number of sessile 1 -celled anthers, and a gland
in place of an ovarium. Female flowers pedicellate, with an
ovate, fleshy, bidentate calyx, adnate to the ovarium, without
any corolla, stamens, or style, but with a small obscurely- lobed
stigma. Berry obovate.
3 MISODE'NDRON. Flowers dioecious : male ones unknown :
female ones having a small truncate limb. Capsule oblong,
trigonal.
4 LORA'NTHUS. Flowers dioecious or hermaphrodite. Margin
of calyx entire. Petals 5-6, linear, reflexed. Stamens inserted
into the middle of the petals ; filaments very short. Berry
globose, umbilicate by the calyx, immersed in the rachis.
5 STRUTHA'NTHUS. Flowers hermaphrodite, nearly all hex-
amerous. Margin of calyx truncate. Petals linear, at length
revolute. Anthers ovate, fixed near the base or beneath the
middle of the petals ; filaments very short. Berry ovate-elliptic.
6 PSITTACA'NTHUS. Flowers hermaphrodite, for the most
part hexamerous. Margin of calyx entire, obsoletely 5-6-toothed
or repand. Petals linear-spatulate, erect, spreading, for the
most part free to the middle. Filaments filiform from the
middle of the petals ; anthers fixed by the base or back. Berry
ovate.
7 TRI'STERIX. Flowers hermaphrodite ; each furnished with
3 bracteas. Margin of calyx entire. Petals linear-spatulate,
or linear, bearing the stamens in the middle ; anthers fixed by
the back, incumbent. Berry ovate or elliptic.
8 DENDROPTHO'E. Flowers hermaphrodite ; each furnished
with 1 bractea. Margin of calyx entire or toothed. Petals
linear-spatulate, bearing the stamens in the middle ; anthers
fixed by the base. Berry ovate or elliptic.
9 PHTHIRU'SA. Flowers hermaphrodite, perhaps always 4-
parted ; each furnished with 3 or more bracteas. Anthers fixed
by the back, ovate. Berry ovate.
10 SCU'RRULA. Flowers hermaphrodite, tubular, divided into
4-5 short lobes, usually gibbous at the base, and bursting by a
longitudinal fissure as in Lobelia. Filaments 4-5, adhering a
long way to the corolla ; anthers fixed by the base, erect. Style
filiform ; stigma capitate.
1 1 ELYTRA'NTHE. Flowers hermaphrodite ; petals 4-6-8,
joined to the middle, forming a regular 4-6-8-cleft limb. Fila-
ments adnate to the petals at the base, but free at the apex ;
anthers fixed by the base, erect. Style filiform. Stigma ca-
pitate.
12 NOTANTHE'RA. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals 5-6-8,
but usually 6, sometimes almost free, and sometimes joined at
the base. Filaments adnate to the petals at the base, but free
at the apex ; anthers fixed by the back, versatile or incumbent.
Bracteas concave, 1 under each ovarium, but often wanting.
13 LOXANTHE'RA. Flowers hermaphrodite. Tube of corolla
elongated, kneed at the base, but somewhat clavate and oblique
at the apex, and 6-lobed ; the lobes somewhat spirally twisted.
Filaments stiff and curved at the apex, not attenuated but rather
dilated, and the~anthers are fixed by the back. Style filiform.
Stigma clavate.
TRIBE II. Terrestrial shrubs.
14 SCHOE'PFIA. Flowers hermaphrodite. Margin of calyx
entire. Limb of corolla 5-cleft, rarely 4-6-cleft. Filaments
adnate to the tube ; anthers ovate-roundish. Drupe containing
a 3-celled, 3-seeded nucleus.
15 AU'CUBA. Flowers dioecious. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals
4, ovate-lanceolate. Stamens 4, alternating with the petals ?
Stigma concrete. Fruit 1-seeded.
Tribe I. Parasitical shrubs.
I. VI'SCUM (viscus, birdlime, on account of the sticky nature
of the berries ; called gui, in French ; mistl in German ; visco
in Italian ; and mistletoe in English). Tourn. inst. p. 609. t.
fruct. 1. p. 131. t. 27. Lam. ill. t. 807. D. C. prod. 4. p. 277.
380. Lin. gen. no. 1105. D. C. coll. mem. 6. no. 1. Gaertn.
LIN. SYST. Monoecia or Dioecia, Tetrdndria. Flowers mo-
noecious or dioecious. Calyx a slight border in the male
flowers, but rather a more evident border in the female flowers.
Corolla in the male flowers gamopetalous, in 4 deep, ovate, acute
equal divisions ; in the female flower of 4 ovate, equal, deciduous
petals, which are dilated at the base. Anthers in the female
flowers none, but in the male flower there are 4 compressed,
sessile ones, one on the base of each corolline segment, all over
pitted or cellular. Ovarium in the female flower inferior, ovate,
adnate to the calyx, and crowned by its border. Stigma sessile,
obtuse, undivided. Berry globular, smooth, juicy, viscid, of
LORANTHACE^E. I. VISCUM.
403
1 cell. Seed solitary, heart-shaped, compressed, sometimes with
a double embryo. — Parasitical on trees, shrubby, branched, all
smooth except one species, pale green. Branches terete, tetra-
gonal, or compressed, usually jointed. Leaves opposite, very
rarely alternate, simple, undivided, entire, rigid, sometimes
wanting or reduced to scales. Flowers in fascicles or spikes,
greenish. Berries of various colours. Concerning the very
singular germination of Fiscum, see Malpighi, oper. 140. fig.
105. Duham. phys. arb. vol. 2. p. 220. liv. 5. t. 1. f. 2-10.
§ 1. Plants with true leaves. Flowers in fascicles or umbels.
1 V. A'LBUM(Lin. spec. 1451.) FIG. 73.
stem much branched, forked :
with sessile, intermediate heads,
of about 5 flowers ; branches
terete ; leaves obovate-lanceo-
late, obtuse, nerveless, fj . P. H.
Native of Europe, parasitical on
trees, especially on the apple-
tree and hawthorn ; but it is
said also to have been found
growing on the lime-tree, oak,
American locust-tree, elm, fir,
pear-tree, service, almond, white
willow, walnut, &c. Smith,
engl. bot. t. 1470. Mill. fig.
87. Woodv. suppl. t. 270.—
Duham. arb. 2. t. 104. Rich. ann. mus. 12. t. 27. — Fuschs.
hist. 329. t. 1817. Cam. epit. 555. with a figure. V. album
of Thunb. and Walt, are distinct from this. Root hard, incor-
porated deep with the wood of the tree on which it grows,
without any radicles, as in all the other species of this genus, as
well as of Lordnlhus and the allied genera. Leaves permanent,
stiff, with parallel ribs. Flowers yellowish. Berries white,
pellucid, the size of a currant, sweet, very glutinous internally,
serving to make the best bird-lime, when boiled with a small
portion of vegetable oil. Lordnlhus Europceus seems to be the
original and most common mistletoe, Oi^og of the Greeks, which
grows usually on some kind of fir-tree. But our V. album is some-
times found in Greece, though rarely, growing on the oak ; and
this has been preferred from the most remote antiquity. Hence,
when the superstitions of the East travelled westward, our
Druids adopted a notion of the mistletoe of the oak being more
holy or efficacious in conjurations or medicine, than what any
other tree afforded, the Loranthus or ordinary mistletoe not being
known here. This superstition actually remains, and a plant of
Viscum from an oak is preferred by those who rely on virtues,
which perhaps never existed in any mistletoe whatever, The
Druids sent round their attendant youths with branches of mistle-
toe to announce the entrance of the new year ; and something
like the same custom is still continued in France. In England
branches of it are hung up in most houses at Christmas, along
with other evergreens. The berries are devoured by several
birds of the thrush kind, and especially by the mistletoe thrush.
The common mistletoe is not difficult to propagate by sticking
the berries on thorn or apple trees, after a little of the outer
bark has been cut off, and tying a shred of mat over them, to
protect them from the birds.
White-berried or Common Mistletoe. Fl. May. Britain.
Shrub par.
2 V. STELLA TUM (Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 142.)
much branched ; branches whorlecl, terete ; leaves oblong, ob-
tuse, attenuated at the base, 5-nerved beneath ; flowers terminal,
sessile, 3-5-together in a cluster. Jj . P. H. Native of Upper
Nipaul, at Suembu, parasitical on trees. Habit of V. Album.
Nerves of leaves acutely prominent on the under surface, but
line-formed on the upper surface. The branches are more likely
dichotomous or trichotomous than verticillate.
Starry Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
3 V. ORIENTA'LE (Willd. spec. 4. p. 737.) branches terete ;
leaves oblong, obtuse, attenuated at the base, 3-nerved ; pe-
duncles axillary, usually 3-flowered. Tj . P. S. Native of the
East Indies (ex Wall.), and of Java, on the mountains (ex Blum,
bijdr. 666.), and of Palestine upon olive trees, ex Sieb. pi. exsic.
pal. Leaves 15-18 lines long, but in the Palestine specimen-,
20-23 lines long. Berries purple, ex Wall. Perhaps the Indian
plant is the same as the Palestine one.
Eastern Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
4 V. HEYNEA'NUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 278.) branches terete ;
branchlets rather compressed ; leaves ovate, acute at both ends,
quintuple-nerved ; peduncles axillary, aggregate, 3-flowered.
Jj . P. S. Native of the East Indies, where it was collected by
Heyne. V. orientale, Heyne, herb, ex Wall, and probably of
Willd. The form of the leaves is truly different from the Pa-
lestine form of V. orientale, but more of the figure of those of
V. monoicum.
Heyne' s Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
5 V. MONOICUM (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 105.) branches terete,
jointed : branchlets striated ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated
at both ends, 5-nerved : the 2 lateral nerves hardly conspicuous ;
fascicles axillary, very short, few-flowered, somewhat spicate.
I? . P. S. Native of the East Indies, at Sunderbund.
Monoecious Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
6 V. FALCA'TUM (Wall. cat. no. 492.) branches terete ; leaves
elliptic-oblong, acuminated, rather falcate, acute at the base, 5-
nerved ; fascicles of flowers axillary, aggregate, sessile, usually
with only 3 flowers in each cluster. Tj . P. S. Native of the
East Indies, on the Pundua mountains. Leaves 24-27 lines long,
and 9-10 broad. Flowers very small.
.Falcate-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
7 V. OVALIFOLIUM (Wall. cat. no. 489.) branches terete ; leaves
oval, obtuse, 5-nerved, narrowed into the short petioles at the
base; flowers some of them in axillary sessile fascicles, and others
are opposite, and somewhat verticillate, along an axillary rachis,
disposed in an interrupted spike. Tj . P. S. Native of the East
Indies, in the island of Penang. Leaves 3 inches long, and li
broad. Rachis not articulated. Berry oval.
Oval-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
8 V. OBTUSA'TUM (Wall. cat. no. 494.) branches terete ; leaves
oval, obtuse, somewhat cuneated, 5-nerved ; flowers axillary,
1 -3- together, almost sessile. I? . P. S. Native of the East
Indies, in the kingdom of Ava, on Mount Taong-Dong. Leaves
30 lines long, and 15 lines broad. Flowers small. Berries
oval. Lateral nerves of leaves slender.
Bluntish-leaveA Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
9 V. HETERA'NTHUM (Wall. cat. no. 488.) branches angular,
at length terete ; leaves elliptic, obtuse, cuneated at the base,
5-nerved beneath ; peduncles axillary, 2-5-together, equal in
length to the petioles, capitate at the apex, 5-6-flowered, bear-
ing 3-5 involucrate bracteas. fj . P. S. Native of Nipaul.
Berries ovate-globose, solitary in each head, surrounded by the
small permanent bracteas. Flowers 5-cleft, one central, the
rest disposed in a whorl around the central one, all sessile on the
top of the common peduncle.
Variable-flowered Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
10 V. PLATYPHY'LLUM (Spreng. cur. post. 47.) branches alter-
nate, angular ; leaves alternate, ovate or obovate, petiolate,
attenuated at the base, nerved beneath ; umbellules usually of 4
flowers, dispersed, pedunculate, solitary or aggregate : involucels
5-cleft, permanent. Jj . P. G. Native of Nipaul, at Bimpedi.
V. latifolium, Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 142. but not
of others.
SF 2
404
LORANTHACE^:. I. VISCUM.
Broad-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
11 V. UMBELLA'TUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 666.) branches alternate,
angular while young ; leaves obovate, 3-nerved : lateral nerves
bifid ; umbellules pedunculate, axillary, crowded ; male flowers
pentandrous. Fj . P. S. Native of Java, on trees on Mount Salak.
Umbellate-fiowered Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
12 V. CAPITELLA'TUM (Smith, in Rees" cycl. 37. no. 18.) stem
branched, rough to the touch ; leaves concave, obtuse ; pe-
duncles axillary ; berries capitate, oval. Tj . P. S. Native of
Ceylon. Stems 3 inches high. Leaves an inch long, smooth,
thick, fleshy. Heads 4-5-flowered, and under each head there
are two thick bracteas.
Capitellate- flowered Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
13 V. TRIFIORUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 279.) branches angular
from numerous stripes ; leaves oval, bluntish, somewhat undu-
lated, and rather attenuated at the base, 3-nerved beneath ;
peduncles axillary, 3 times shorter than the leaves, about the
length of the berries, 3-flowered, and furnished with 3 bracteas
at the apex ; flowers 4-cleft, sessile among the bracteas ; berries
globose. Fj . P. S. Native of the Mauritius. Leaves 6-7 lines
long, and 5 lines broad. Peduncles hardly 2 lines long. Flowers
1-2-together, sometimes sessile in the axils of the upper leaves.
This species is designated V. rotundifolium in Bory, voy. 1.
p. 320.
Three-lowered Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
14 V. VENOSUM (D. C. 1. c.) branches angularly striated;
leaves ovate or oval, obtuse, attenuated at the base, on short
petioles, 5-veined ; veins branched ; peduncles axillary, very
short, 2-3-flowered ; berries globose. Fj . P. 8. Native of the
Mauritius. V. Capense, Bory, voy. 1. p. 320. ? Plant becoming
blackish on drying.
Var. (3, lanceolatum (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, some-
what acuminated. Fj . P. S. Native along with the species.
Ferny-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
15 V ROTUNDIFOUUM (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 426.) stem and
branches hexagonal, articulated ; leaves sessile, roundish, acute ;
peduncles 3-flowered, short; bracteas minute, opposite. J? .
P. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on trees. Thunb.
fl. cap. 154.
Round-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
§ 2. Plants with true leaves. Flowers disposed in articulated
spikes; the joints sheathed. — American species,
* Branches terete.
16 V. ioRUL6suM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 279.) much branched;
branches terete ; leaves roundish-ovate or elliptic, oblique,
rounded at the apex; spikes axillary, of 2-3 joints; flowers
immersed, in 4 rows. Jj . P. S. Native of Quito, on trees near
Guayaquil. V. buxifolium, from South America, Spreng. syst.
1. p. 488. Loranthus torulosus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 443. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 156. Leaves 30-33 lines
long, and 16-20 broad, on petioles, which are 2-3 lines long.
Fructiferous spikes 1-| inch long. Flowers unknown
Toruloie-spil.ed Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
17V. TRINE'RVIUM (Lam. diet. 3. p. 57.) branches terete,
articulated, trichotomotis ; leaves obovate, obtuse, narrowed at
the base, 3-nerved ; spikes dense, short, lateral ; berries round.
F? . P. S. Native of St. Domingo and Martinico. Plum. ed.
Burm. t. 258. f. 2. V. verticillatum, Lin. exclusive of the syn.
Browne, and Sloane. Berry copper-coloured, size of a grain of
pepper.
1 hree-nerved-leweA Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
1 8 V. BUXIFOLIUM (Lam. diet. 3. p. 56.) branches terete, arti-
culated: joints short, thickish ; leaves obovate, obtuse, 1 -nerved,
sessile ; spikes axillary, solitary or twin, length of the leaves.
F? . P. S. Native of St. Domingo, in the district of Leogane.
Willd. spec. 4. p. 738.— Plum. ed. Burm. t. 258. f. S. There
are varieties with both white and purple berries.
Box-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
19 V. SAURUROIDES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 36.) branches terete;
leaves ovate, acute or acuminated, on very short petioles, beset
with dot-like tubercles beneath, having the middle nerve rather
prominent, and the lateral veins hardly perspicuous ; spikes axil-
lary, twin, shorter than the leaves, very slender. Fj . P. S.
Native of Cayenne. V. latifolium, Lam. diet. 3. p. 57. but not
of Swartz, Don, nor Plum. V. racemosum, Aubl. guian. 2. p.
895. ? Leaves 4 inches long, and 2^ broad, on petioles which
are a line long. Spikes an inch long, with bifid sheaths. Flowers
in 4, 3-flowered whorls between the sheaths.
Saururus-like Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
20 V. TERETICAU'LE (D. C. 1. c.) branches terete, smooth ;
leaves ovate, acute, nerveless, veinless, on very short petioles ;
spikes axillary, twin or solitary, shorter than the leaves ; female
flowers trifid. Fj . P. S. Native of Jamaica, on trees. V.
latifolium, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1 798. but not of Lam. nor Don.
Var. ft, Cubense (D. C. 1. c.) leaves having the middle nerve
rather prominent, but with few veins in the dried state ; the
margins rather undulated. Tj . P. S. Native of Cuba. Lower
spikes 2-3. Perhaps the same as the Jamaica plant.
Terete-stemmed Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
21 V. MARTINICE'NSE (D. C. 1. c.) plant glabrous ; branches
terete ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, 3-nerved, on very
short petioles, thick ; spikes axillary, solitary, 3 times shorter
than the leaves ; flowers 4 in a whorl, between the sheaths in
each joint of the rachis of the spike, Fj . P. S. Native of Mar-
tinico. Sieb. fl. mart. no. 227. Leaves 3 inches long, and an
inch broad, having the middle nerve rather prominent.
Martinico Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
22 V. FLAVE'SCENS (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 114.) branches
terete, opposite, and verticillate ; leaves cuneate-obovate or lan-
ceolate, obtuse, 3-nerved ; spikes axillary, solitary, a little
shorter than the leaves, interrupted. Jj . P. H. Native of
North America-; from Pennsylvania to Carolina, and probably of
Louisiana, on oak trees. V. album, Walt. car. 241. Muhl. cat.
no. 91. V. verticillatum, Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 235. Ell.
sketch. 2. p. 677. V. leucocarpum, Rafin. fl. hid. 79. Berries
white, diaphanous. Male flowers mostly trifid.
Yellowish Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
23 V. CRASSUOLIUM (Pohl. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 280.)
branches terete ; leaves broad-oval, attenuated at both ends,
nerveless, on short petioles ; spikes axillary, twin or tern, 4-6 in
a whorl, 7 times shorter than the leaves, articulated : with trun-
cate sheaths, and short joints ; flowers disposed in 4 rows ;
berry ovate-globose. F? • F*- !5. Native of Brazil, where it was
collected by Pohl. Leaves 4 inches long, and 2^ broad. Spikes
6-8 lines long.
Thick-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
24 V. LEPTOSTA'CHYUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 280.) branches
terete ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute at both ends, 3-nerved ;
spikes trichotomous, elongated, somewhat panicled, slender,
jointed : with cushion-shaped sheaths ; berries ovate-roundish,
not immersed. T? . P. S. Native of St. Domingo, where it was
collected by Bertero. V. macrostachyum, ex Hispaniola, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 487. V. aphyllum baccis aureis, Plum. ed. Burm. t.
258. f. 1. and therefore V. opuntioides var. /3, Lam. diet. 3.
p. 56.
Slender-spiked Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
25 V. PERROTTE'TII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 280.) branches terete ;
leaves lanceolate, obliquely falcate, bluntish at the apex, cuncated
at the base, 5-7-nerved : nerves branched a little ; spikes axil-
lary, solitary, opposite, one-half shorter than the leaves, jointed :
with bifid sheaths. Fj . P. S. Native of French Guiana. Leaves
LORANTHACE^;. I. VISCUM.
405
5-6 inches long and 1^ broad. Spikes 2 inches long, erect, con-
stantly of 5 joints. Flowers in 6 rows, many of which are
abortive. Immature berries nearly globose, half immersed.
Perrottet's Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
26 V. BRACHYSTA'CHYUM (D. C. 1. c.) branches terete; leaves
oblong, obtuse, attenuated at the base, finely 5-nerved ; spikes
axillary, solitary, opposite, sessile, ovate, few-flowered ; berries
ovate-globose. Jj . P. S. Native of Mexico, between Tampico
and Real del Monte, where it was collected by Berlandier.
Leaves 12-15 lines long, and 3-4 broad. Spikes 3-4 lines long.
Short-spiked Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
27 V. RU'BRUM (Lin. spec. 1451.) stems terete, simple;
leaves oblong, obtuse, tapering into the petiole at the base ;
spikes axillary, one-half shorter than the leaves, somewhat in-
terrupted ; flowers tripartite ; berries globose. !j . P. S. Na-
tive of the Bahama Islands, parasitical upon mahogany and
other trees. Berries red. Leaves opposite, of a shining green
colour.
Red-berried Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
28 V. BERTERIA'NUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 281.) branches terete,
dichotomous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends,
acute at the base, on very short petioles, having the middle
nerve rather distinct, and with 2 rather oblique veins rising
from the middle ; spikes axillary, solitary, opposite, one-half
shorter than the leaves, jointed, with bifid sheaths. Jj . P. S.
Native of St. Domingo. V. dichotomum, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
448. exclusive of the synonymes, but not of D. Don. Leaves
." inches long, and an inch broad. Spikes 1-2 inches long.
Berries globose. Flowers disposed in 4 rows on the spikes.
Bertero's Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
29 V. Scfi6TTii (Pohl, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 281.)
branches terete ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at both
ends, and somewhat acuminated, having the middle nerve rather
distinct, but the rest of the leaf veinless ; racemes axillary, soli-
tary or twin, opposite or verticillate, 2 or 3 times shorter than
the leaves, articulated : with trifid sheaths ; berries ovate ; flowers
trifid. • Jj . P. S. Native of Brazil, where it was collected by
Schott. Leaves ^-3 inches long, and 8-9 lines broad. Spikes
9-12 lines long. Allied to V. Berterianum.
Schott's Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
30 V. MACROSTA'CHYUM (Jacq. coll. 2. p. 109. t. 5. f. 3.)
branches terete ; leaves linear-lanceolate, nearly sessile, obtuse,
veinless; spikes axillary, solitary, filiform, much longer than the
leaves, articulated : with bowl-shaped sheaths ; corolla tripartite.
Ij . P. S. Native of Martinico and Trinidad, on trees. Sieb.
fl. trin. no. 357. Spikes 3-6 inches long : ultimate ones sub-
panicled. Flowers small. Leaves an inch long, and 3 lines
broad.
Long-spiked Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
31 V. FA'LCIFRONS (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 356.)
branches terete, but when young compressed ; leaves narrow-
lanceolate, bluntish, recurvedly falcate, tapering into the petiole
at the base, obscurely 3-5 veined ; spikes axillary, solitary, op-
posite, almost one-half shorter than the leaves ; sheaths of spikes
truncate. Jj . P. S. Native of Brazil, upon laurels by the
river Uraguay. The sheaths of the spikes are here formed of 2
opposite and equal portions, wlvcli are truncate at the apex. In
V. Liga they are keeled on the back, and acute at the ex-
tremity.
Sickle-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
32 V. ripERofDES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 281.) plant pendulous,
dichotomous, much branched ; branches terete, articulated :
joints bidentate at the apex ; leaves oblong, narrowed at the
apex, and obtuse, somewhat ensiform ; spikes 2-3, axillary, arti-
culated ; flowers in 4 series, somewhat immersed in the rachis.
I; . P. S. Native of South America, near Carthagena and Po-
payan. V. dichotomum, var. ex Amer. austr. Spreng. syst. 1 .
p. 488. Loranthus piperoides, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.
3. p. 443. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 156. Leaves 3 inches long,
12-14 lines broad, on petioles 2 lines long. Fruit bearing spikes
an inch long. Flowers unknown.
Pepper-like Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
33 V. ANGUSTIFOLIUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 281.) much branched ;
branches terete, in whorles ; leaves petiolate. linear-lanceolate,
somewhat ensiform, narrowed at the apex and obtuse ; spikes
1-3-together, axillary, articulated; flowers in 4 series, immersed"
in the rachis. fj . P. S. Native of Peru, in the temperate
regions of the Andes, between Ollera and Mount Aipate. Leaves
4-5 inches long, and half an inch broad ; petioles 3-4 lines long.
Spikes 12-18 inches long. Flowers unknown. V. stenophyl-
lum, Spreng. syst. 1 . p. 487. Loranthus piperoides, H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 442. Schultes, syst. 7. p.
155.
Narrow-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
34 V. AFFINE (Pohl, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 281.)
branchlets rather tetragonal ; branches terete ; leaves linear-lan-
ceolate, obtuse, attenuated at the base, finely 5-nerved ; spikes
axillary, solitary or twin, twice or thrice longer than the leaves,
articulated : with small sheaths ; berries ovate, exserted. Jj . P.
S. Native of Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl. Leaves
nearly 2 inches long, and 3-4 lines broad. Spikes 9-10 lines
long.
4llied Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
35 V. LIOA (Gill. mss. ex Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 355.)
branches terete, while young compressed ; leaves straight, linear-
oblong, obtuse, hardly apiculated, attenuated at the base, 3-
nerved, somewhat feather-veined in the middle ; spikes solitary,
axillary, opposite, 2 or 3 times shorter than the leaves ; sheaths
of spikes keeled, acute ; berries ovate, exserted. ^ . P. G.
Native of Chili, on trees near Los Cerillos de San Juan, where it
is called Liga by the natives. This species seems very nearly
allied to V. aflfine, Pohl.
Liga Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
36 V. ENSIFOLIUM (Pohl, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 281.)
branches terete ; leaves linear-oblong, acuminated at both ends,
petiolate, finely 3-5-nerved at the base; spikes axillary or ter-
minal, many, verticillate, articulated, length of the petioles : with
the sheaths bifid ; flowers in 6 rows ; berries globose. Tj . P. S.
Native of Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl. Leaves coria-
ceous, 6-7 inches long, and 8-9 lines broad ; petioles 8 lines
long.
Sword-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
37 V. VELUTINUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 281 ) branches terete,
velvety from short down ; leaves linear-oblong, attenuated at
both ends and acute, 3-5-nerved at the base, rather velvety
when young, but glabrous in the adult state ; spikes axillary,
solitary or twin, 3 times shorter than the leaves, articulated:
with bifid ciliated sheaths ; berries in 4 ? rows. Jj . P. G.
Native of Mexico, in the valley of Tolucca, where it was col-
lected by Berlandier. Leaves 4 inches long, and 6 lines broad.
Spikes 9-15 lines long. The plate in Catesb. car. t. 81. lower
figure, agrees pretty well with the present species.
Velvety Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
38 V. TOMENi6suM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 670.) branches terete,
while young rather compressed ; leaves obovate, obtuse, a little
attenuated at the base, clothed with velvety, somewhat deciduous
tomentum on both surfaces, as well as the branchlets ; spikes
axillary, interruptedly articulated, solitary or twin, rather
shorter than the leaves : with small nearly entire sheaths. Jj . P.
S. Native of Mexico, in the plains at Real de Ratone, beyond
the range of Mimosas, where it was collected by Berlandier.
Tomentose Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
406
LORANTHACEjE. I. VISCUM.
* * Branchlets 2-edged or compressed, but at length becoming
terete.
39 V. INTERRC'PTUM (D, C. prod. 4. p. 282.) branches com-
pressed while young, but at length becoming terete ; leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, obtuse, attenuated at the base, petiolate, almost
nerveless, with S-5 fine veins ; spikes axillary, 1-2 : with the
sheaths rather truncate at the apex : joints naked at the base, and
fructiferous at the apex. fj . P. S. Native of Brazil, where it
was collected by Pohl. V. lanceolato-ellipticuin, Pohl, in litt.
Leaves 4 inches long, and 8-10 lines broad. Petioles 4 lines
long. Spikes 1 i inch long, interrupted, constantly of 3-4 joints.
Perhaps sufficiently distinct from V. riibrum.
Interrupted-spiked Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
40 V. A'NCEPS (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 487.) branches 2-edged,
but in the adult state they are nearly terete; leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, obtuse, attenuated at the base, having 3 veins rising
from the base ; spikes axillary, opposite, one-half or more
shorter than the leaves. Jj . P. S. Native of Porto-Rico and
Hispaniola, where it was collected by Bertero. Leaves 3-4
inches long, and 9 lines broad ; petioles 4 lines long. Spikes an
inch long or a little more.
Two-edged-branched Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
41 V. HEXA'STICHUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 282.) branches 2-
edged, but at length becoming nearly terete ; leaves elliptic,
tapering at both ends, bluntish at the apex, and acute at the
base, petiolate, feather-nerved ; spikes axillary, solitary, oppo-
site, articulated : with the sheaths truncate ; berries globosely
depressed, disposed in 6 rows. Ij . P. S. Native of the island
of Cuba, near Havannah. Leaves coriaceous, 3 inches long, and
about 15-1G lines broad ; petioles 4 lines long. This species is
very like V . Perrottelii.
Six-ranked Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
42 V. UNDULA'TUM (Pohl, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 282.)
branchlets 2-edged ; branches terete ; leaves oval or oblong,
tapering at the base, and bluntish at the apex, undulated, thick-
ish, having the middle nerve rather tumid, and the rest of the
leaf veinless; spikes axillary, twin, articulated, 3 times shorter
than the leaves : having the sheaths rather truncate, and the
joints short. T? . P. S. Native of Brazil, where it was collected
by Pohl.
Undulated-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
43 V. MACROPIIY'LLUM (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 488.) branches
nearly terete ; branchlets compressed at the apex ; leaves
broadly ovate or oval, petiolate, with the middle nerve rather
thick, and the lateral veins perspicuous ; spikes 2-4 from each
axil, one-half shorter than the leaves, somewhat tetragonal ;
berries ovate, half immersed. Tj . P. S. Native of the West
India Islands, as of St. Domingo (Plum. ed. Burm. t. 258. f. 4.),
and Porto-Rico (Bertero). Leaves 6 inches long, and 3-j broad ;
petioles 6-8 lines long. Spikes 2£ inches long, interrupted.
Fruit disposed in 4 rows on the spike, and each row composed
of 4 berries. Sheaths of spike truncate.
Long-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
44 V. SCHIEDEA'NUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 670.) trunk terete ;
branches 2-edged, dilated under the forks ; leaves fleshy, 3-5-
nerved, falcate, obtuse : female spikes 1-3-together, axillary ;
flowers 6 in a whorl. Tj . P. G. Native of Mexico, on trees
near Jalapa. Fruit a little smaller than hemp seed. V. falca-
tum, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 5. p. 172. but not of Wall.
Schiede's Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
45 V. FLA" YENS (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 266.) branches
2-edged, at length terete ; leaves ovate, somewhat attenuated at
the apex, obtuse, 5-nerved at the base, on very short petioles ;
spikes axillary, twin or tern, 3 times shorter than the leaves, arti-
culated ; berries ovate, (j . P. S. Native of Jamaica (Swartz),
and Porto-Rico (Bertero), on the branches of trees. The figure
of Plumier, cited for this plant by several authors, has here been
omitted in consequence of the leaves in the figure being feather-
nerved, and not 5-nerved at the base, as in this species.
Yellowish Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
* Branches and branchlets tetragonal.
46 V. TETRAGONUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 282.) branches oppo-
site, and are, as well as the branchlets, tetragonal ; leaves ellip-
tic-lanceolate, attenuated at the base, and obtuse at the apex,
3-nerved or 5-nerved, the 2 lateral nerves being hardly evident ;
spikes axillary, solitary, 3 or 4 times shorter than the leaves.
fj . P. S. Native of Porto-Rico and Guadaloupe, on trees by
the seaside. V. angustif61ium, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 487.? .V.
myrtilloides and Loranthus sessilis, Spreng. in herb. Balb.
Leaves 12-16 lines long, and 5-8 lines broad ; petioles a line
long. Spikes 2-3 lines long. Perhaps the same as V. myrtil-
loides, Willd. spec. 4. p. 739. ?
Tetragonal-branched Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
47 V. MUCRONA'TUM (D. C. 1. c.) branches tetragonal, 2-edged
while young, but nearly terete in the adult state ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate, attenuated at the base, obtuse, and mucronate at the
apex, having the middle nerve and one on each side of it dis-
tinct ; spikes axillary, solitary, 4 times shorter than the leaves.
Tj . P. S. Native of St. Domingo. V. myrtilloides, Spreng. in
herb. Balb., and hence it is the V. myrtilloides from Hispaniola
of Spreng. syst. 1. p. 488. Leaves nearly an inch long, and 4
lines broad ; petioles 1-2 lines long. Spikes 2-3 lines long.
Mucronate-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
48 V. PENNIVE'NIUM (D. C. 1. c.) branches tetragonal, nearly
terete ; leaves somewhat alternate, oval on short petioles, ob-
tuse : having the middle nerve rather prominent beneath, and
with the lateral veins pinnate and branched, hardly perspicuous
above; spikes axillary, solitary, one half shorter than the leaves;
berries oblong. Jj . P. S. Native of French Guiana.
Feather-veined Mistletoe. Shrub par.
49 V. KUNTHIA'NUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 283.) plant much
branched ; braTiches tetragonal, articulated ; leaves nearly ses-
sile, obliquely oblong, 3-5-nerved, rounded at the apex and
cuneated at the base ; spikes axillary, 2-3 together, articulated ;
berries globose, immersed in the rachis. Tj . P. S. Native of
Quito, near Guayaquil, on trees. Leaves 18-24 lines long, and
7-9 lines broad. Spikes nearly an inch long. V. trinervium,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 488. exclusive of the syn. of Lam. Loran-
thus viscifolius, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 443.
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 156.
Kunth's Mistletoe. Shrub par.
50 V. QUADRANGULA'RE (D. C. prod. 4. p. 283.) plant much
branched ; branches tetragonal, almost winged ; leaves lanceo-
late-oblong, obtuse, almost ensiform, 5-nerved ; spikes axillary,
twin ? articulated ; berries globose, disposed in 4 series, sessile.
fj . P. S. Native of the temperate parts of New Granada,
parasitical on Guazuma. V. rubrum, var. from New Granada.
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 488. Loranthus quadrangularis, H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 444. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 156.
Leaves 24-27 lines long, and 6-7 broad ; petioles a line long.
Fruit bearing spikes an inch and a half long.
Quadrangular-stemmed Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
51 V. OBLONGIFOLIUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 283.) branches te-
tragonal ; leaves oblong, obtuse, attenuated at the base, nearly
nerveless, or somewhat 1 -nerved at the base; spikes axillary,
solitary, 2 or 3 times shorter than the leaves. 17 . P. S. Native
of Guadaloupe, on the mountains. Allied to V. tetragonum
and V. mucronatum, but differs in the leaves being longer and
nerveless. Leaves 12-14 lines long and 3-4 broad. Fruit
bearing spikes an inch and a half long.
LORANTHACE^E. I. VISCUM.
407
Oblong-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub par.
52 V. MICROPHY'LLUM (Pohl, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 283.)
branches tetragonal, when young rather compressed, but in the
adult state nearly terete ; leave.; linear-oblong, obtuse, attenu-
ated at the base, nerveless ; spikes axillary, solitary, much
shorter than the leaves, articulated : with small sheaths, and
short, usually 4-flowered joints. Tj . P. S. Native of Brazil,
where it was collected by Schott. Leaves an inch long and 2
lines broad. Spikes 3 lines long, constantly of 3-4 joints.
Small-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
§ 3. Plants without leaves. Branches articulated.
53 V. CAPE'NSE (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 426.) plant leafless ; stems
bluntly tetragonal, much branched, articulated ; branches decus-
sate ; flowers usually 6 in a whorl, sessile : female ones 4-
parted ; berry globose, fj . P. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, parasitical on some species of Rhus. Male flowers 2-4-
cleft. Thunb. prod. p. 31. fl. cap. p. 154. Razomowskia
Capensis, hort. mosc. In the racemes of a plant under this
name, collected by Mr. Burchell, the branches are terete, it is
therefore perhaps a distinct species.
Cape Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
54 V. ANGULA'TUM (Heyne, herb, ex Wall. cat. no. 497. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 283.) plant leafless ; branches angular, tetragonal,
articulated ; flowers unknown. fj . P. S. Native of the East
Indies, where it was collected by Heyne. From the imperfect
specimens examined, it appears to be very distinct from the other
species of this genus, but it is hardly known.
.^ngM/ar-branched Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
55 V. AMBI'GUUM (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 356.)
plant leafless ; branches terete, without joints and without
sheaths ; spikes alternate towards the tops of the branches,
oblong-linear, without sheaths ; flowers sessile, a little longer
than the concave obtuse scales. fj . P. G. Native of Brazil,
upon myrtles by the river Uraguay. The two lateral petals
are carinate, and the dorsal one nearly plain. In Viscum the
margin of the calyx in the female flowers is usually conspicuous,
but in this species it is so entirely wanting, as almost to induce
a belief that the 3 petals, which are apparently of the same
texture as the tube of the calyx, form its limb ; and if this
really were so, it ought to form a genus next to Tupeia, Cham,
et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 203., which seems in the same pre-
dicament.
Ambiguous Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
56 V. TENICI'DES (Comm. ex Pet. Th. mel. obs. p. 43.) plant
leafless, much branched ; stem and branches compressed, arti-
culated, linear-oblong ; sheaths truncate ; flowers sessile, 2 op-
posite or 4 in a whorl, situated in the axils of the sheaths. J? •
P. S. Native of the Mauritius and Bourbon. Joints 3 lines
long, and a line broad, but not striated. Flowers small. Plant
becoming wholly black in drying. Habit almost of Salicornia.
Wreath Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
57 V. JAPONICUM (Thunb. ex Steud. D. C. prod. 4. p. 283.)
plant leafless ; stem proliferous, branched, compressed, fj .P. G.
Native of Japan. V. opuntia, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 64. V.opuntioides,
var.Spreng. syst. 1. p. 487. Perhaps the same as V. dichotomum.
Japan Mistletoe. Shrub par.
58 V. DICHOTOMUM (Hamilt. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 147. but
not of Spreng.) plant leafless ; branches compressed, articulated ;
joints oval-oblong, striated lengthwise, 5 times longer than its
breadth ; flowers by threes, sessile at the tops of the joints or
branches. Tj . P. G. Native of Nipaul, about Narain-hetty.
V. Nepalense, Spreng. cur. post. Bractea membranous, cu-
pular, under the fruit, which is oval. Branches usually op-
posite, hence dichotomous.
Dichotomous Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
59 V. ELONGA'TUM (Wall. cat. no. 495. D. C. prod. 4. p.
284.) plant leafless ; branches compressed, articulated : joints
linear-oblong, somewhat attenuated at the base, 7 times longer
than their breadth ; fascicles of flowers somewhat verticillate,
sessile, containing 1-3 flowers each, placed at the tops of the
joints. Jj . P. S. Native of the East Indies, on the Pandua
mountains, in Silhet. Joints 20-22 lines long, and 3 lines broad.
Branchlets usually opposite.
Elongated Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
60 V. FRAGILE (Wall. cat. no. 498. D. C. prod. 4. p. 284.)
plant leafless ; branches compressed, articulated ; joints linear-
oblong, striated a little, thickish in the middle, six times longer
than their breadth ; fascicles of flowers opposite, sessile, contain-
ing 1-3 flowers, placed at the tops of the branches. fj . P. S.
Native of the East Indies, at Martaban and Tavoy. Branchlets
usually opposite. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from V. dicho-
tomum.
Brittle Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
61 V. ATTENUA'TUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 284.) plant leafless ;
branches compressed, articulated ; joints gradually attenuated
both at the base and apex, linear-cuneated, somewhat striated,
sometimes longer than their breadth ; fascicles of flowers at the
tops of the joints opposite, sessile, containing each 3-5 flowers.
fy . P. S. Native of the East Indies, where it was collected by
Heyne. V. opuntioides, Heyne, herb. Branches usually in
whorles, or somewhat dichotomous.
Attenuated-jointed Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
62 V. ARTICULA'TUM (Burm. fl. ind. p. 311.) plant leafless;
branches compressed, articulated; joints elongated, striated a
little, 10 times longer than broad; fascicles of flowers at the
tops of the branches opposite, sessile, containing 1-3 flowers.
fj. P. S. Native of Java, parasitical upon some species of An-
nbna. Joints of branches an inch long, and a line or a little
more in breadth. Stems nearly terete at the base.
Far. j3, Timoriense (D. C. prod. 4. p. 284.) branches nearly
herbaceous ; ultimate joints of branches acute at the apex. (7 .
P. S. Native of Timor. Perhaps the same as V. compressum,
Poir. suppl. 2. p. 861., which was collected in Atnboyna. The
berry, according to Poir, is small and yellow.
Jointed Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
63 V. MONILIFORME (Blum, bijdr. p. 667.) plant leafless ;
stems terete at the base ; branches 2-edged, articulated ; joints
naked ; flowers in whorles, sessile. I? . P. S. Native of Java,
on trees about Buitenzorg, very common, and is called by the
natives Mengando along with other species.
Necklace-formed Misseltoe. Shrub parasitical.
64 V. TUN^EFORME (D. C. prod. 4. p. 284.) plant leafless ;
branches compressed, articulated, trichotomous, elongated ; joints
of branches 4 times longer than broad, striated lengthwise ;
flowers nearly sessile, by threes at the tops of the joints.
T? . S. Native of Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl. P.
articulatum, Pohl, in litt. but not of Burm. Allied to V. dicho-
tomum, but differs in the joints being longer, branches much less
branched, branchlets elongated, and the flowers not in whorles.
Tuna-formed Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
65 V. OPUNTIO!DES (Lin. spec. 1452.) plant leafless; branches
compressed, articulated ; joints broadly ovate ; spikes jointed, at
the tops of the branches or articulations, bearing 2 rows of op-
posite flowers, and margined by a membrane. I? . P. S. Na-
tive of Jamaica. Sloane, hist. jam. 2. p. 93. t. 201. f. 1. V.
monstrosum, Bertero, ined. V. opuntioides, Willd. spec. 4. p.
740. exclusive of the synonyme of Plumier. Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 487. exclusive of the Japan plant. Berries like those of the
common misseltoe.
Var. ft. angustius (D. C. prod. 4. p. 284.) joints oblong,
somewhat attenuated at the base, f? . P. S. Native of Jamaica,
408
LORANTHACEjE. I. VISCUM. II. ARCEUTHOBIUH. III. MISODENDRUM.
Berries oval-oblong ; flowers 3-cleft. Perhaps the present
variety is the female plant, and that called the species the male.
Indian-fg-like Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
66 V. VAGINA^TUM (Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. spec. 4. p.
740.) plant leafless ; stem tetragonal ; branches teretely com-
pressed ; joints bearing sheaths, which are bidentate at the
apex ; flowers 2, opposite, sessile in the recess of the sheath.
J? . P. S. Native of Mexico, in pine woods, on the high moun-
tain called Cofre de Perote. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. S,
p. 445.
Sheathed Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
67 V. CUPULA'TUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 285.) plant leafless;
stem tetragonal ; branches compressed ; sterile joints elongated :
fertile ones very short, usually bearing 2 fruit each ; sheaths
very short ; flowers spicate, sessile, opposite ; bractea cupulate,
membranous, orbicular under each berry ; berries ovate. Jj .
P. S. Native of St. Domingo, where it was collected by Ber-
tero. V. vaginatum ex Hispaniola, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 447.
t'M^?(/a/e-bractead Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
68 V. DOMINGE'NSIS (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 487.) plant leafless;
stem and branches terete ; sheaths large, bowl-shaped, bifid, with
white rather scarious margins. J? . P. S. Native of St. Do-
mingo. Spikes opposite, flexuous.
St. Domingo Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
69 V. GRAVCILE (D. C. prod. 4. p. 285.) stem terete;
branches rather compressed, articulated ; joints linear, elongated,
1 2 times longer than broad ; spikes terminal, compressed, arti-
culated, with the flowers disposed along the margins on both
sides in distant rows. Tj . P. S. Native of the West Indies,
but in what island is unknown.
Slender Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
70 V. CHILE'NSE (Hook, et Am. in Beech, bot. p. 25.) stem
terete, branched ; branches and branchlets opposite, articulated,
leafless ; flowers 2-3-together, sessile at the knees of the branches.
fj . P. G. Native of Chili, at Conception.
Chili Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
•j" Species not sufficiently known.
71 V.? PURPUREUM (Lin. spec. 1451.) branches terete;
leaves obovate, obtuse, petiolate ; racemes axillary, a little
longer than the leaves ; flowers opposite, distant, 3-6 pairs ; ber-
ries obovate, on short pedicels, terminated by the long style.
Jj . P. G. Native of the Bahama Islands, parasitical upon Hip-
pomane Mancenilla. Catesb. carol. 2. p. 95. t. 95. lower figure.
Perhaps a species of Loranthus.
Purple Mistletoe. Shrub par.
72 V. VERTICILLA'TUM (Lam. diet. 3. p. 57.) stem terete,
striated ; branches verticillate, terete. (7 . P. S. Native of
Jamaica, parasitical on the branches of trees. Sloane, jam. hist.
2. p. 93. t. 201. f. 2. Perhaps a species of Rhipsalis.
rFAorZed-branched Mistletoe. Shrub par.
73 V. PAUCIFLORUM (Lin. fil. suppl. 246.) stem striated ;
branches alternate ; leaves alternate, sessile, oblong ; flowers
scattered, solitary, on short peduncles. Pj . P. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. From the leaves being alternate, this
is perhaps a true species of Viscum.
Fewfawered Mistletoe. Shrub.
74 V. OBSCU'RUM (Tliunb. prod. p. 31. fl. cap. p. 154.) stem
erect, wrinkled; branches alternate; leaves opposite, elliptic,
veinless, unequal. Jj . P. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Flowers and fruit unknown.
Obscure Mistletoe. Shrub.
75 V. ANTA'RCTICUM (Forst. prod. no. 370.) branches un-
known ; leaves oblong or ovate, narrowed at both ends, obtuse,
nerveless; racemes terminal, articulated, usually containing 5
flowers. ^ . P. G. Native of New Zealand, parasitical on trees.
Willd. spec. 4. p. 39.
Antarctic Mistletoe. Shrub par.
76 V. KCEMPFE'RI (D. C. prod. 4. p. 285.) T? . P. G. Native
of Japan, at Mikawaksei, Koempf. am. ex. 785. where it is
called Garni Maatz. V. album, Thunb jap. p. 64. but it differs
from V . album in the spikes being axillary, in the berries being
reddish, and in the leaves being 1 -nerved.
Kcempfer's Mistletoe. Shrub par.
N. B. V. RU'BRUM, Burm. fl. ind. 311. is certainly not a
species of Viscum, but perhaps one of Hedera. V. CAPILLA'RE
and V. LIGULA'TUM, Blum, bijdr. 667. are species of Psilbtis.
V. TERRES'TRE, Lin. spec. 1452. is Lysimachia stricta. V. FLA-
VE'SCENS, Comm. is Misodendron piinctulatum.
Cult. None of the species of Mistletoe are cultivable in gar-
dens, except the common Mistletoe, whose culture and propa-
gation are treated of under that species.
II. ARCEUTHO'BIUM (from aPKtv6oS, arkeutlws, the juni-
per, and /3tou), bioo, to live ; in reference to the plant being para-
sitical on Juniperus Oxycedrus). Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 629.
Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 277. — Viscum species, D. C. fl. fr.
ed. 3. no. 3400.
LIN. SYST. Dioecia, Di-Tetr&ndria. Flowers dioecious. Male
ones sessile ; calyx none ; corolla monopetalous, 2-3, rarely
4-parted, tough, and fleshy : segments ovate, concave, spread-
ing ; stamens 2-3-4 ; anthers sessile, fixed in the middle of the
segments, free, nearly globose, 1 -celled, membranous, dehiscing
transversely ; ovarium none, but in its stead there is a small
2-3-4-lobed gland. Female flowers on short pedicels ; calyx
oval, compressed, fleshy, bidentate, almost covering the ovarium,
which is one ovulate, and adnate to it ; corolla, style, and sta-
mens none ; stigma small, obscurely lobed. Berries narrow, ob-
ovate, terete, 1 -seeded, on short pedicels. Seed immersed in
viscid pellucid pulp, fixed to the upper part of the cell, pendant,
obovately cylindrical, acuminated at the base ; integument thin ;
albumen fleshy. Embryo immersed, slender, cylindrical, placed
towards the base of the seed; radical turned to the hilum of the
seed. — A small, leafless, rather fleshy, proliferous branched
shrub, parasitical on resiniferous trees, in Middle Europe and
North America ; branches opposite, bluntly tetragonal, articu-
lated in the manner of Salicornia ; joints sheathing above, and
somewhat pelviform. Flowers terminal and lateral, usually by
threes, small, and conspicuous.
1 A. OXYCE'DRI (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 629. Hook. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 278. t. 99.) Jj . P. H. Native from Spain, near Les-
curial, to Iberia, near Tiflis and Gandscha, on Juniperus Oxyce-
drus ; and of North America, on the west side of the Rocky
Mountains, on Pinus ponderosa ; and from the Spoken River to
the west side of the Rocky Mountains, on Pinus Banksiana, in
lat. 47°, to the Rocky Mountains and thence to Hudson's Bay
on the east, in lat. 57°. In America the female plants grow on
Pinus Banksiana, and the male ones on Pinus ponderosa. Razou-
mowskia Caucasica, Hoffm. hort. mosq. 1808. intr. no. 1. f. 1.
Viscum Oxycedri, D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. no. S400. Stev. soc. mosq.
4. p. 71. Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 406. — Viscum in Oxycedro, Clus.
hist. 1. p. 39. Lob. icon. 2. p. 2-3. f. 2. This is a very sin-
gular parasitical plant. The American plants become yellowish
when dried, and the European ones become blackish-green.
Red-cedar Arceuthobium. Shrub par.
Cult. This curious plant is not cultivable, unless the trees or
shrubs on which it grows could be imported with the plant
growing upon them.
III. MISODE'NDRUM (from fii<rot, misos, disdain, and
SevSpor, dendron, a tree ; trees with neither appearance nor
beauty). Banks, ined. D. C. coll. mem. 6. no. 2. t. 11 and 12.
prod. 4. p. 285.
LORANTHACEjE. III. MISODENDRON. IV. LORANTHDS. V. STRUTHANTHUS.
409
LIN. SYST. Dioecia, Tetrdndria ? Flowers dioecious ; male
ones unknown ; female ones having the tube of the calyx adnate
to the ovarium, and furnished with 3 long plumose bristles on the
outside, alternating with 3 bracteas, which are adnate to the
calyx ; limb of calyx minute, truncate. Fruit an oblong trique-
trous indehiscent utriculus, crowned by the permanent limb of
the calyx. Seed one ; albumen fleshy. — Small smooth parasi-
tical shrubs, with the habit of Viscum.
§ 1. Plant leafless.
1 M. PUNCTULA'TUM (Banks, mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 286.)
plant leafless ; branches terete, rugged from dots ; bracteas
alternate along the branches, half stem-clasping, ovate, obtuse ;
flowers 1-2, sessile in the axils of the bracteas. fj . P. S. Na-
tive of America, on trees. D. C. coll. mem. vi. t. 11.
Var. a, Magellanicum. Tj . P. H. Native of the Straits of
Magellan. Viscum flavescens, Comm. herb.
Var. ft, subumbellatum. tj . P. G. Native of the north-west
coast of America, in Statenland. It differs from var. a in the
branches being thicker and somewhat umbellate.
Dotted-branched Misodendron. Shrub par.
§ 2. Plants furnished nilh leaves. Branches alternate, bear-
ing each one articulated leaf at the apex.
2 M. BRACHYSTA'CHYUM (D. C. coll. mem. vi. t. 12. f. 1.)
branches alternate, bearing each an obovate or oval obtuse leaf
at the apex ; spiklets few-flowered, bractless, rising from the
branchlets beneath the leaves ; fruit ovate. J; . P. H. Native
of the north-west coast of America, in Statenland. Leaves 3-5
lines long, and 2-3 broad, flat, nerveless. Flowers and fruit not
sufficiently known, and therefore the genus is doubtful.
Short-spiked Misodendron. Shrub par.
3 M.? QUADRIFLORUM (D. C. coll. mem. iv. t. 12. f. 2.)
branchlets alternate, each bearing an oblong-obovate subserru-
lated leaf at the apex, and 4 sessile unilateral flowers on the
upper side. (7 . P. H. Native of North America, in Staten-
Innd. This is very like the preceding species in habit, but differs
in the flowers and fruit being unilateral. Calyx triquetrous,
dehiscing at the sides.
Four-flowered Misodendron. Shrub par.
§ 3. Plants furnished with leaves. Leaves alternate. Branches
Jloriferous at the apex.
4 M. OBLONGIFOLIUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 671.) branches clothed
with fine velvety down ;• leaves oblong-lanceolate, cuneated at
the base, 3-nerved, glabrous ; spikes bearing each one leaf at the
base, conforming to the others. I? . P. G. Native of Chili
(Bertero), and of Chiloe (Cuming). Genus novum, no. 1.
Poepp. pi. exsic. no. 813. Flowers bractless, with 8-10 distant
ones in each spike.
Oblong-leaved Misodendron. Shrub par.
5 M. LINEARIFOLIUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 671.) plant glabrous;
leaves linear, acute ; flowers sessile, solitary at the axils of the
leaves in the flowering branches. T? . P. G. Native of Chili,
where it was collected by Poeppig. Genus novum, no. 2. Poepp.
pi. exsic. no. 800.
Linear-leaved Misodendron. Shrub par.
C M. MICROPHY'LLUM (Hook, et Am. in bot. misc. 3. p. 357.)
leaves minute, linear ; flowers sessile, solitary at the axils of the
leaves ; branches pubescent. ^ • P- G. Native of Chili, in
the province of Maule. Closely allied, but apparently quite dis-
tinct from the preceding species.
Small-leaved Misodendron. Shrub par.
Cvlt. These are singular shrubs, similar to the Mistletoe,
but are not cultivable in gardens.
VOL. III.
FIG. 74.
IV. LORA'NTHUS (fromlorum, a lash made of leather, and
avdof, anthos, a flower ; alluding to the long linear shape and
leathery substance of the petals). Mart, in D. C. prod. 4. p.
671. — Loranthus species of Lin. and others.
LIN. SYST. Pcnta-Hexandria,Monogynia. Flowers dioecious or
hermaphrodite. Calyx cup-shaped, adnate, with an entire border.
Petals 5-6 (f. 74. a. d.), linear, reflexed. Stamens inserted into
the middle of the petals; filaments short ; anthers globose, didy-
mous, having the cells dehiscing in front towards the connecting
part. Style thickish ; stigma simple. Berry globose (f. 74. e.),
umbilicate by the calyx, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded as in the rest of the
genera, broken off from the present.- — Parasitical shrubs. Spikes
axillary and terminal, simple. Flowers immersed in the fleshy
rachis, each propped by a somewhat orbicular bractea at the base.
1 L. EUROPE us (Lin. spec. 1672.) plant glabrous, much
branched ; branches terete ; leaves opposite, petiolate, oval-ob-
long, obtuse, somewhat attenu-
ated at the base ; racemes ter-
minal, simple ; flowers dioecious,
of 6 petals ; anthers adnate in
the male flowers. ^ . P. H.
Native of Austria, Hungary,
Italy, and Upper Siberia, parasi-
tical on oak and sweet-chestnut
trees. Jacq. fl. austr. t. 30.
Schkuhr, handb. t. 94. Sturm,
fl. germ, with a figure. Plench.
icon. t. 248. Habit of Viscum
album. Flowers greenish. Ber-
ries oval, white or yellowish.
This is the Viscum or Mistletoe
of the ancients.
European Loranthus. Shrub
par.
2 L. ODORAVTUS (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 215.) glabrous ;
branches terete ; leaves nearly opposite, ovate-lanceolate, fleshy :
spikes axillary, subfascicled, with a foveolate fleshy rachis, and
jointed sessile subimmersed spreading 6-petalled hexandrous
flowers ; anthers ovate, inserted by the base ; style shorter than
the petals. Jj . P. G. Native of Nipaul, on the mountains of
Chandigiri and Sheopore, parasitical on trees. D. Don, prod. fl.
nep. p. 143. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 101. D. C. prod. 4. p. 294.
Leaves pale green, at length becoming yellowish, from 4 to 6
inches long. Spikes shorter than the leaves, many flowered,
almost sessile. Flowers small, nearly white, very sweet-scented,
at first clavate, but at length spreading ; petals cuneate, slightly
concave at the apex. Ovarium supported by no other bractea
than the acute margin of the foveola of the rachis.
Sweet-scented-fiowered Loranthus. Shrub par.
3 L. LAMBERTIA'NUS (Schultes, syst. 7. p. 118.) glabrous,
dichotomously branched ; leaves opposite, on very short petioles,
ovate-lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, acute, nerved ; spikes
terminal, solitary ; flowers half immersed in the foveolate rachis,
5-petalled ; anthers fixed by the back. ^ . P. G. Native of
Nipaul. Habit of L. Europeans.
Lambert's Loranthus. Shrub par.
Cult. The species have the habit of common mistletoe, but
are not cultivable in gardens on account of their being parasitical.
V. STRUTHA'NTHUS (from orpovOoe, strouthos, a spar-
row, and avOoe, anthos, a flower ; some of the species are
called Erva de Passerinho and Herba dos Passeros, i. e. Sparrow-
plant, in South America). Mart, in D. C. prod. 4. p. 671. —
Loranthus species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Hexandria, Monogynia. Flowers hermaphrodite,
almost always 6-parted (except in one species, which is 4-parted
3 G
410
LORANTHACE^E. V. STRUTHANTHUS.
and dioecious, and in another 5-parted). Calyx angular, small,
hemispherical, with an extenuated truncate margin. Petals
linear, distinct from each other a long way at the base, and at
length revolute at the apex ; anthers ovate, fixed by the back
near the base or beneath the middle; filaments short, inserted
beneath the middle of the petals. Ovarium ovate-globose.
Style subclavate. Berry ovate-elliptic. — Parasitical shrubs.
Racemes terminal or lateral, solitary or aggregate in the axils,
having the rachis for the most part angular or 2-edged. To
this genus belongs the greater part of the sections Stachyanthus
and Protostdides of Loranthus, D. C. prod. 4. p. 287 and 289.
particularly the Brazilian species.
SECT. I. STACHYA'NTHUS (from ara-^vg, stachys, a spike, and
ocfloc, anthos, a flower; flowers sessile, disposed in spikes).
Flowers sessile along the rachis, and sometimes immersed in pits
on it, spicate, solitary or by threes, usually furnished with 3
bracteas each.
1 S. ALVEOLA'TUS ; plant glabrous, much branched ; branches
terete ; leaves petiolate, roundish-ovate, rather oblique, obtuse,
somewhat coriaceous ; spikes axillary, 1-3-together, without
joints, somewhat tetragonal ; flowers disposed in 4 rows on the
spikes, immersed in pits in the rachis ; petals linear-lanceolate.
1? . P. S. Native of South America, near Popayan and Cartha-
gena, parasitical on Crescentia Cujete. Loranthus alveolatus,
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 444. Loranthus rotun-
difolius, Bonpl. herb. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 154. Leaves 2
inches long, and 1-J broad, on petioles 2 lines long. Spikes an
inch or an inch and a half long. Corolla greenish white.
Perhaps a true species of Loranthus.
^/yeotae-spiked Struthanthus. Shrub par.
2 S. PTERY'GOPUS ; plant glabrous ; branches compressed at
the apex ; leaves opposite, on short petioles, ovate, acumi-
nated, coriaceous ; spikes axillary, solitary, longer than the
leaves ; peduncles compressed, winged ; flowers by threes, ses-
sile ; petals 6, linear-lanceolate. J; . P. S. Native of Brazil, in
the provinces of Minas Geraes and Bahia, on trees in the woods.
Loranthus pterygopus, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 153.
Flowers semi-linear. Anthers roundish-ovate.
Wing-stalked Struthanthus. Shrub par.
3 S. URAGUE'NSIS ; plant glabrous, erect; branches terete;
leaves alternate, oblong-lanceolate, cuspidate by a point at the
apex, attenuated into the petiole at the base; peduncles 1-2,
axillary, equal in length to the leaves, forked above the middle ;
pedicels furnished with 3 bracteas and S flowers at the apex ;
flowers sessile ; petals C, linear, nearly free ; filaments shorter
than the petals ; anthers ovate, erect ; stigma capitate ; berries
egg-shaped. Jj . P. G. Native of South America, upon laurels
and myrtles, on the banks of the Uraguay. Loranthus Ura-
guensis, Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 358. In many
[joints it resembles Loranthus flagellaris, Cham, et Schlecht.
Uraguay Struthanthus. Shrub par.
4 S. PODO'PTERUS ; plant glabrous, erect ; branches terete,
when young angularly compressed ; leaves elliptic, attenuated at
both ends, feather-nerved, reticulated above ; spikes axillary
and terminal, flexuous, pedunculate ; flowers by threes, immer-
sed in the rachis, which is winged ; corolla 6-parted, with
linear lobes ; anthers inserted by the base ; stigma capitate.
tj . P. S. Native of Brazil. Loranthus podopterus, Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnsea. 3. p. 218. Loranthus acutus, Pohl, in
litt. Leaves 3£ inches long, and 1^ broad, on petioles 2 lines
long. Corolla a line long.
Winged-peduncled Struthanthus. Shrub par.
5 S. OBLO'NGUS ; plant glabrous ; branches terete ; branchlets
compressed ; leaves oblong, nearly elliptic, obtuse, cuneated at
the base, and 3-5-nerved : nerves slender, reticulately branched;
spikes axillary, very short, few-flowered. T? . P. S. Native of
Brazil. Loranthus oblongus, Schott. and Pohl, in litt. ex D. C.
prod. 4. p. 287. Leaves 2 inches long, and 8 lines broad ; pe-
tioles and spikes about 2-3 lines long. The nervation of the
leaves is very distinct from the other species, but the young
flowers are not described. It is probably a species of Viscum.
OWong-Ieaved Struthanthus. Shrub par.
6 S. OCCIDENTALS ; branches terete, scabrous ; leaves ovate-
roundish or elliptic, marginate, glabrous, feather- nerved at the
base, on very short petioles ; spikes axillary, simple, shorter
than the leaves, nearly terete ; flowers almost sessile, furnished
with a small very blunt bracteaeach ; petals 6, rather connate at
the base ; stamens 6, 3 fertile and 3 sterile. Ij . P. S. Native of
Jamaica, on trees, and of many other of the West Indian Islands.
Loranthus occidentalis, Lin. amcen. 5. p. 396. Swartz, obs. 138.
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 146. Sloan, jam. 2. t. 100. f. 2. Scurrula 2.
Brown, jam. 197. Leaves 15-16 lines long, and 8-9 broad.
Spikes an inch long. Flowers 2 lines long. Berries roundish.
Western Struthanthus. Shrub par.
7 S. POLYSTA'CHYUS ; plant glabrous ; branches terete, but com-
pressed at the articulations ; leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate,
acute, thick, veiny ; spikes axillary, by threes, one-half shorter
than the leaves, diverging ; flowers by threes, sessile, opposite ;
petals 6. f? . P. G. Native of Peru, in groves on the Andes
upon trees and shrubs. Loranthus polystachyus, Ruiz et Pav. fl.
per. 3. p. 50. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 155. Leaves as in many
other species about 2 hands long. Flowers small, purple. Brac-
teas semiannular, hardly conspicuous. Berries oval, brownish-
yellow.
Many-spiked Struthanthus. Shrub par.
8 S. PATRI'SII ; plant glabrous ; branches terete, but when
young compressed ; leaves opposite, petiolate, oval-oblong, ob-
tuse at the base, acuminated at the apex, of the consistence of
parchment, feather-nerved ; spikes axillary, simple, shorter than
the leaves : ultimate ones disposed in a terminal panicle ; flowers
distant along the rachis, sessile, bractless ; fruit oblong, spread-
ing, truncate at the apex. Pj . P. S. Native of French Guiana,
where it was collected by Patris. Loranthus Patrisii, D. C.
prod. 4. p. 288. Leaves 4-5 inches long, and 1-2 broad, rather
glaucous above, and rufescent beneath, on petioles 2 lines long.
Berries tetragonally compressed while young, 3 lines long.
Flowers unknown, therefore it is doubtful whether it belongs to
this genus or not.
Patris's Struthanthus. Shrub par.
9 S. AMPLEXICAU'LIS ; plant glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves
sessile, stem-clasping, reniform, coriaceous ; spikes axillary,
twin, not jointed, nearly sessile ; berries half immersed in the
rachis, ovate. ^ . P. S. Native of the temperate parts of
Caraccas. Loranthus amplexicaulis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 445. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 154. Flowers unknown.
Said to be nearly allied to S. alveolatus. Perhaps a true species
of Loranthus.
Stem-clasping-\eaved Struthanthus. Shrub par.
10 S. EMARGINA'TUS ; plant glabrous, somewhat scandent ;
branches terete, when young compressed ; leaves ovate-cuneated,
emarginate, on very short petioles, without any lateral nerves ;
spikes axillary and terminal, tetragonal, rather shorter than the
leaves ; flowers opposite, bractless, nearly sessile ; petals 6, lan-
ceolate, distinct ; anthers 6, 3 of which are acuminated and
sterile, and the & fertile ones roundish. fj . P. S. Native of
Hispaniola, Porto-Rico, and Guadaloupe, on the mountains,
parasitical on trees. Loranthus emarginatus, Swartz, prod. p.
58. fl. ind. occ. p. 625. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 152. Berries
black, elongated.
Emarginate-leaveA Struthanthus. Shrub par.
1 1 S. SFICA'TUS ; plant glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves ob-
LORANTHACE.E. V. STRUTHANTHUS.
411
ovate or oval, attenuated at the base, somewhat palmately veined,
obtuse ; spikes axillary, thick, tetragonal, shorter than the leaves,
bearing flowers almost from the base ; flowers decussate ; petals
6, concrete at the very base : berry ovate-oblong. 1? . P. S.
Native of South America, amongst the bushes and woods of
Carthagena. Loranthus spicatus, Jacq. amer. p. 97. t. 68.
Flowers small, red. Berries green, red at the apex. Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 151.
Var. ft, athrodnthus (E. Meyer, nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 788.)
lower spikes axillary, superior ones crowded in racemes, leafless.
T2 . P. S.
Spiked-fiowereA Struthanthus. Shrub par.
12 S. LEPTOSTA'CHYUS ; plant glabrous ; branches somewhat
tetragonal ; leaves petiolate, ovate-elliptic, acuminated, rounded
at the base, rather coriaceous ; spikes axillary, twin or tern,
2 or 3 times shorter than the leaves ; flowers sessile, scattered,
distant ; rachis compressed, rather quadrangular ; petals 6, lan-
ceolate-linear, spreading. Ij. P. S. Native of the Andes of
Quindiu, between Carthagena and Buga. Loranthus lepto-
st&chyus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 440. Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 154. Leaves 5 inches long, and 2^ broad. Spikes
1^ to 2^- inches long. Flowers hardly 2 lines long.
Slender-spiked Struthanthus. Shrub par.
13 S. OVALIFOLJUS ; plant glabrous, herbaceous; stem terete,
quite simple, erect ; leaves oval, thick, nearly veinless, on short
petioles, obtuse or emarginate ; spikes axillary, 1-2, twice the
length of the petioles ; flowers sessile, bractless ; petals 6,
linear, retroflexed at the apex. I/ . P. S. Native of Peru, on
the Andes in groves, upon trees and shrubs. Loranthus ovali-
folius, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 50. t. 277. f. b. Schultes, syst.
7. p. 151% Herb a foot high. Flowers much crowded, small,
purple. Berry oval, of an obscure purple colour.
Oval-leaved Struthanthus. Shrub par.
14 S. MARGINA'TUS (Lam. diet. 3. p. 596.) plant glabrous;
branches terete ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, petiolate,
with scarious margins, having the middle nerve rather prominent,
and the lateral ones wanting ; spikes axillary, solitary, opposite,
shorter than the leaves ; flowers by threes in a fascicle along the
rachis, bracteolate ; corolla 6-parted, with linear segments ;
anthers very caducous ; stigma capitate. ^ . P. S. Native of
Brazil. Loranthus marginatus, Lam. diet. 3. p. 596. Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 137. L. avium, Pohl, in litt. Leaves 2 inches
long, and 9-10 lines broad ; petioles 2-3 lines long. Corolla 2-3
lines long.
Margmate-lenved Struthanthus. Shrub par.
1 5 S. CONCI'NNUS ; plant glabrous ; branches slender, terete ;
leaves opposite, lanceolate, acuminated, membranous, shining
above ; spikes axillary and terminal, solitary, interrupted,
shorter than the leaves ; flowers by threes, opposite, sessile,
somewhat verticillate, bracteate ; petals 6, linear, reflexed. Tj .
P. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro, in woods
at Ega. Loranthus concinnus, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p.
150. Flowers a line and a half long, clavate in the unexpanded
state. Anthers ovate.
Neat Struthanthus. Shrub par.
1 6 S. NJTENS ; plant glabrous ; branches terete, rooting on
one side ; leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, shining,
membranous ; spikes racemose, interrupted, lower ones axil-
lary, solitary : superior ones panicled ; flowers by threes, sessile,
bracteate ; petals 6, linear-lanceolate. Jj . P. S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro, in woods. Loranthus
nitens, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 150. Flowers a line long,
ovate-club-shaped in the unexpanded state. Anthers ovate, ex-
cavated at the side of the filaments.
Shining Struthanthus. Shrub par.
1 7 S. SUBCAMPE'STRIS ; branches terete, beset with rusty dots
at the apex, compressed ; leaves opposite, ovate-elliptic, obtuse,
coriaceous, nerved, glabrous ; spikes 1-2, axillary, interrupted,
one-half shorter than the leaves ; flowers nearly opposite, by
threes, sessile, bracteate, small ; petals 6, linear-lanceolate. 1? .
P. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes.
Flowers half a line long. Anthers ovate. Loranthus subcam-
pestris, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 151.
Field Struthanthus. Shrub par.
18 S. AFFINIS ; branches terete, compressed at the apex,
and beset with rusty dots ; leaves nearly opposite, ovate-
elliptic, acuminated, coriaceous, nerved, glabrous ; spikes axil-
lary, solitary, interrupted, not half so long as the leaves ; flowers
by threes, sessile, retroflexed, bracteate, small. Jj . P. S. Na-
tive of Brazil, in the woods of Japura, in the province of Rio
Negro. Loranthus aflfinis, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 151.
Very like the preceding species.
Allied Struthanthus. Shrub par.
19 S. A'NCEPS ; branches compressed, 2-edged, green ; leaves
on short petioles, elongated, ovate-obtuse ; spikes on short pe-
duncles, solitary, axillary, much shorter than the leaves ; flowers
small, somewhat imbricate. lj . P. S. Native of Guiana.
Loranthus anceps, Desv. in Hamilt. prod. p. 33. Schultes, syst.
7. p. 153. The rest unknown.
Two-edged-branched Struthanthus.
SECT. II. PROTOSTELIDES (meaning unknown to us). Loran-
thus, sect. 3. Protostelides, D. C. prod. 4. p. 289. Flowers of
6 petals, racemose or panicled ; the branches of the panicles or
racemes usually bearing 3 flowers and 3 bracteas at the apex.
— Species all natives of South America.
20 S. RU'FUS ; branches terete; leaves nearly opposite, on
short petioles, ovate-oblong, long-acuminated, coriaceous; spikes
terminal, panicled ; rachis beset with rufous dots ; pedicels very
short, bearing 3 flowers and 3 bracteas each ; petals 6, linear ;
anthers roundish-ovate. T? . P- S. Native of Brazil, in the
province of Rio Negro, in the woods of Japura. Loranthus
rufus, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 130. Flowers a line and a
half long, white.
.fti//b«*-branched Struthanthus. Shrub par.
21 S. AVICULA'RIUS ; plant glabrous ; young branches tetra-
gonal ; leaves nearly opposite, ovate, rather acuminated, coria-
ceous ; panicles axillary and terminal, solitary, diffuse, longer
than the leaves ; peduncles opposite, bracteate at the base ;
flowers by threes, sessile, 3 bracteated ; petals 6, linear-lanceo-
late. Tj . P. S. Native of Brazil, frequent, where it is called
Ervo, de Passerinfio. Loranthus avicularius, Mart, in Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 132. Flowers a line and a half long. Filaments of
stamens excavated on the side at the apex.
Knot-grass-like Struthanthus. Shrub par.
22 S. THEOBROHUE; branches tetragonal, but at length be-
coming terete, rather radicant ; leaves ovate, acuminated, on
short petioles ; panicles axillary and terminal, longer than the
leaves ; pedicels very short, 3-flowered at the apex. 1? . P. S.
Native of Brazil, at Para, upon trees of Theobrbma Cacao, where
it is called Herva dos Passeros. Loranthus Theobromae, Willd.
rel. ex Schultes, syst. 7. p. 132. According to Schultes, this is
probably the same as the preceding species.
Cacao Struthanthus. Shrub par.
23 S. VIRGA'TUS ; plant glabrous ; branches radicant, tetra-
gonal at the apex ; leaves opposite, ovate, acuminated, compli-
cate, rather coriaceous ; panicles axillary, solitary, twiggy, 3
times longer than the leaves : having the branches tetragonal, and
bracteate at the base, and the branchlets short and bearing 3
flowers at the apex, and 3 bracteas ; petals 6, linear-lanceolate.
Jj . P. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro, in
woods about Japura. Loranthus virgitus, Mart, in Schultes,
3 G 2
412
LORANTHACE^E. V. STRUTHANTHUS.
syst. 7. p. 132. Flowers half a line long. Filaments of stamens
excavated at the side at the apex.
Twiggy Struthanthus. Shrub par.
24 S. DEPPEA'NUS ; glabrous; branches rather radicant ; leaves
almost opposite, petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, some-
what 3-nerved; racemes 1-2, axillary; peduncles 3-flowered,
bractless; flowers pedicellate ; anthers linear, fixed by the base.
fj . P. S. Native of Mexico, near Jalapa. Loranthus Dep-
peanus, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 5, p. 172. Style twisted
in a circinate manner at the apex.
Dejype's Struthanthus. Shrub par.
25 S. ERYTHROCA'RPUS ; plant glabrous ; branches terete ;
leaves nearly opposite, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, attenuated
at the base, coriaceous, veiny ; racemes 1-3 together, rather
spicate, interrupted, axillary, and terminal : having very short
branchlets, which bear 3 flowers and 3 bracteas at the apex ;
petals 6, linear, fj . P. S. Native of Brazil, in the province
of Rio Negro, on trees. Loranthus erythrocarpus, Mart, in
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 138. Anthers ovate. Berries orange-
coloured.
Red-fruited Struthanthus. Shrub par.
26 S. CITRICOLA ; plant glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves
rather alternate, ovate, somewhat acuminated, and obtuse, sub-
emarginate, veiny ; racemes axillary and terminal, shorter than
the leaves : superior ones solitary, but the lower ones are
somewhat verticillate ; branches of racemes short, opposite,
bearing each 3 flowers at the apex and 3 bracteas. fj . P. S.
Native of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro, on trees of the orange tribe,
where it is called Herva de Passerinho. Loranthus citricola,
Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 137. Perhaps the same as S. mar-
ginatus.
Orange Struthanthus. Shrub par.
27 S. FLEXICAU'LIS ; plant glabrous ; branches sarmentose,
radicant ; leaves almost alternate, oblong, obtuse, with a mucrone,
tapering at the base, flat, reflexed ; racemes 1-2 together, axil-
lary, erect, shorter than the leaves : having short, opposite, 3-
flowered, tribracteate branchlets ; petals 6, linear, spreading
above the middle. Tj . P. S. Native of Brazil, in the fields of
Taboleira, in the province of Minas Geraes. Loranthus flexi-
caiilis, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 139. Flowers yellowish,
a line long, clavate in the unexpanded state.
Bent-stemmed Struthanthus. Shrub par.
28 S. POLYRHIZOS ; plant glabrous ; branches scandent, root-
ing ; leaves subalternate,- obovate, emarginate, flat, veiny ;
racemes axillary, solitary, compound, erect, one-half shorter than
the leaves : having the branchlets tetragonal, and bearing 3
flowers at the apex and 3 bracteas ; petals 6, reflexed from the
middle. 17 . P. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia,
in the woods. Loranthus polyrhizos, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7.
p. 139. Flowers 2 lines long, green. Anthers ovate.
Many-rooted Struthanthus. Shrub par.
29 S. TETRA'O_UETER ; plant glabrous ; branches compressedly
tetragonal, scandent, rooting ; leaves nearly opposite, ovate, ob-
tuse, reflexed, rather coriaceous ; racemes 2-3, axillary : having
very short, nearly opposite 3-flowered tribracteate branchlets ;
petals 6, linear, hardly reflexed, spreading. T? • P- S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, on trees. Loranthus
tetriiqueter, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 140. Flowers hardly
a line long, roundish in the unexpanded state.
Four-sided-brancheA Struthanthus. Shrub par.
30 S. STAPHYLI'NUS ; plant glabrous ; branches compressed at
the apex ; leaves nearly opposite, obovate or emarginate, atte-
nuated at the base, flat, coriaceous, nerved; racemes axillary,
solitary, longer than the leaves: having short bent branchlets, each
bearing 3 flowers and 3 bracteas at the apex ; petals 6, linear,
reflexedly spreading, fj . P. S. Native of Brazil, in the pro-
vince of Rio Negro. Loranthus staphylinus, Mart, in Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 290. Flowers a line long. Anthers roundish-ovate.
Staphylea-like Struthanthus. Shrub par.
31 S. CUSPIDA'TUS ; plant glabrous ; branches rooting, terete ;
leaves nearly opposite, obovate, attenuated at the base, cuspi-
date at the apex, coriaceous, glaucous ; racemes axillary, soli-
tary, about equal in length to the leaves, few-flowered : having
the branchlets 3-flowered at the apex, and tribracteate ; petals 6,
linear, reflexed from the middle. f? . P. S. Native of Brazil, in
the woods about Pianhia. Loranthus cuspidatus, Mart, in
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 140. Flowers 2 lines long, clavate in the
unexpanded state. Anthers ovate.
Cuspidate-leaved Struthanthus. Shrub par.
32 S. LONGIPEDUNCULA'TUS ; plant glabrous ; branches terete ;
leaves opposite, oblong-ovate, acuminated, attenuated at the base,
rather coriaceous, nerved ; racemes axillary, solitary, longer than
the leaves : with few branchlets, bearing each 3 flowers at the
apex and 3 bracteas ; petals 6, linear, spreading above the
middle. Ij . P. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia.
Flowers 4 lines long, of a pale greenish colour. Anthers ovate.
Loranthus longipedunculatus, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 141.
Long-peduncled Struthanthus. Shrub par.
33 S. SYRING^FOLIUS ; plant glabrous ; branches unknown ;
leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate, rather coriaceous, ending in a
long taper point ; racemes axillary, solitary, panicled, shorter
than the leaves ; peduncles compressedly tetragonal : with the
branchlets short, thick, and bearing 3 flowers at the apex and 3
bracteas; petals 6, linear. Tj . P. S. Native of Brazil, in the
province of Rio Negro, in the woods. Loranthus syringsefolius,
Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 141. Racemes 1^ to 2 inches
long. The unexpanded flowers dilated into a somewhat hexa-
gonal club. Anthers erect, hastate at the base.
Syringa-leaved Struthanthus. Shrub par.
34 S. PA1 TENS ; plant glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves op-
posite, lanceolate, thin, ending in a long taper point ; racemes
axillary, solitary, spreading, exceeding the leaves a little :
pedicels 3-flowered ; flowers pedicellate ; bracteas very mi-
nute, orbicular ; petals 6, nearly linear, reflexed above the
middle. Jj • P- S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas
Geraes. Loranthus patens, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 142.
Flowers 4-y lines long, tubularly club-shaped in the unexpanded
state. Anthers ovate.
Spreading Struthanthus. Shrub par.
S5 S. E'LEGANS ; plant glabrous ; branches terete at the base,
but compressed at the apex ; leaves nearly opposite, somewhat
ovate, rather coriaceous, terminating in a short reflexed acumen ;
racemes axillary, solitary, twice the length of the leaves : having
the branchlets opposite, and bearing 3 flowers at the apex, with-
out any bracteas ; petals 6, linear-lanceolate. Jj . P. S. Native
of Brazil. Loranthus elegans, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p.
144. Flowers white, a line and a half long, of a roundish club-
shaped form at the apex in the unexpanded state. Anthers
ovate.
Elegant Struthanthus. Shrub par.
36 S. RU'BENS ; plant glabrous ; branches terete, radicant ;
leaves opposite, somewhat reflexed, lanceolate, attenuated at
both ends, nerved, somewhat undulated ; racemes shorter than
the leaves : and the peduncles are trifid : branchlets short,
nearly opposite, bearing 3 flowers at the apex, and 3 bracteas.
Tj . P. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro, in
the woods of Japura. Loranthus rubens, Mart, in Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 144. Flowers unknown. Berries ovate-oblong, um-
bilicate, 3-4 lines long.
Reddish Struthanthus. Shrub par.
37 S. POLYA'NTHOS ; plant glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves
opposite, lanceolate, mucronately acuminated, flat, coriaceous ;
LORANTHACEJE. V. STRUTHANTHUS.
413
racemes axillary, many-flowered, about equal in length to the
leaves : branchlets 3-flowered at the apex, and tribracteate ;
bracteas ovate, acute ; petals linear, reflexed from the middle.
Ij . P. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia, in the
woods called Catingas. Loranthus polyanthos, Mart, in Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 145. Flowers yellowish, 2 lines long. Anthers
ovate.
Many-flowered Struthanthus. Shrub par.
38 S. PANICULA'TUS ; plant glabrous ; branches terete ; flori-
ferous branches tetragonal ; leaves petiolate, ovate-elliptic, acute
at both ends, rather coriaceous ; panicles terminal, branched,
diffuse : branchlets very short, bearing 3 flowers and 3 bracteas
at the apex. Jj . P. S. Native of South America, on trees
near Cumana, where it is called Paxarito. Loranthus panicu-
latus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 442. Flowers
unknown. Berries oblong. Loranthus tetragdnus, Willd. rel.
in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 131. Perhaps the same as S. Orino-
censis.
Panicled Struthanthus. Shrub par.
39 S. ORINOCE'NSIS ; plant glabrous ; branches somewhat
tetragonal ; leaves petiolate, ovate-elliptic, acuminated, rounded
at the base, and somewhat complicate, rather coriaceous ; ra-
cemes axillary and terminal, exceeding the leaves, paniculately
disposed, diffuse : branchlets short, bearing 3 bracteas and 3
flowers ; flowers sessile ; petals 6, linear-lanceolate, 3 of which
are cohering ; filaments broad ; anthers adnate. I? . P. S.
Native on the banks of the Orinoco, parasitical on trees. Lo-
ranthus Orinocensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 129. Schultes, syst. 7.
p. 136. Loranthus marginatus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 442. t. 299. exclusive of the syn. of Lam. Leaves
2^ inches long and 1-J broad ; on petioles about 5 lines long.
Flowers hardly 3 lines long.
Orinoco Struthanthus. Shrub par.
40 S. PHYLLIRSOIDES ; plant glabrous ; branches elongated,
filiform ; leaves oblong, acute, rather coriaceous, running into
the short petiole at the. base, veinless, with the middle nerve
rather prominent beneath ; peduncles axillary, rather dichoto-
mous, 2-3 times shorter than the leaves ; flowers sessile, usually
by threes, tribracteate ; petals 6, linear, spreading ; anthers ad-
nate, mucronate. Jj . P. S. Native of South America, para-
sitical on trees, near Cumana, where it is called by the natives
Guate-Paxarito. Loranthus phylliraeoides, H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 439. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 122. Leaves
9-10 lines long, and 2-3 broad. Flowers small.
Phyllircea-like Struthanthus. Shrub par.
41 S. MICROPHY'LLUS ; plant clothed with hairy pubescence ;
branches terete ; branchlets very short, bearing leaves and
flowers at the apex : leaves oblong, obtuse, rather mucronate,
sessile, thickish, canescent ; flowers sessile, crowded, axillary,
and terminal ; petals 6-7, lanceolate-linear, lather concrete at
the base ; filaments adnate to the petals, nearly to the apex ;
anthers adnate, mucronate. Jj . P. S. Native of Mexico, near
Guernacava, on the mountains. Loranthus microphyllus, H. B.
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 4. p. 291. Leaves 4 lines long and \\
broad. Flowers hardly 2 lines long, pubescent on the outside.
Small-leaved Struthanthus. Shrub par.
42 S. TARViFbtius ; plant glabrous ; branches terete, while
young angularly compressed ; leaves attenuated at the base, on
short petioles, obtuse at the apex, nerveless ; peduncles axillary,
opposite, trifid, 3-flowered, 3 times shorter than the leaves ;
petals 6, lanceolate, acute ; stamens shorter than the petals ;
Pj . P. S. Native of the higher mountains of Jamaica, upon
the branches of trees. Loranthus parvifolius, Swartz, prod. p.
58. fl. ind. occ. p. 628. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 120. Leaves 6
lines long, and 3 broad. Corolla 2 lines long. Berry oblong,
black.
Small-leaved Struthanthus. Shrub par.
43 S. ROTUNDIFOLIUS ; stems diffuse ; leaves roundish, gla-
brous ; flowers axillary, crowded, bracteate, hexandrous ; pe-
duncles short, many-flowered. Jj . P. S. Native of Brazil,
among bushes about Rio Janeiro. Loranthus rotundifolius, St.
Hil. pi. rem. bras. intr. p. 21. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 121.
Round-leaved Struthanthus. Shrub par.
44 S. PYRIFOLIDS ; glabrous, pendulous ; branches terete,
compressed at the nodi ; leaves petiolate, oblong, obtuse, acute
at the base, rather membranous, complicated ; racemes axil-
lary and terminal : branchlets very short, nearly opposite, tri-
bracteate, 3-flowered ; flowers sessile ; petals 6, lanceolate.
fj . P. S. Native of South America, near Carthagena, growing
on Crescentia Cujete. Loranthus pyrifolius, H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 441. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 139. Leaves
2-3 inches long, and 13-15 lines broad, on petioles 3 lines long.
Racemes 3 inches long. Flowers small. Berries ovate.
Pear-leaved Struthanthus. Shrub par.
45 S. SUBROTU'NDUS ; plant glabrous, twining ; branches te-
rete ; leaves alternate or opposite, petiolate, ovate-orbicular,
ending in a short mucronate acumen, feather-nerved, shining
above, coriaceous ; racemes axillary, solitary, about equal in
length to the leaves, or twin one shorter than the other : branch-
lets opposite, bearing 3 sessile flowers and 3 bracteas at the
apex ; petals 6, linear, somewhat concrete at the base ; fila-
ments a little shorter than the petals , anthers ovate, erect.
Tj . f^. S. Native of Brazil, where it was collected by Schott.
Loranthus subrotundus, Pohl, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 292.
Leaves 15-18 lines long, and 10-12 broad; petioles 5-6 lines
long. Corolla 3 lines long. Style filiform ; stigma simple, not
capitate.
JloundisK-leaveH Struthanthus. Shrub par.
46 S. GLOMERA'TUS : plant glabrous ; branches terete, radi-
cant ; leaves opposite, on short petioles, ovate, ending in a short
acumen, glaucous, coriaceous ; peduncles very short, axillary,
glomerate, bifid ; flowers by threes, sessile, tribracteate ; petals
6, linear, reflexed from the middle ; anthers ovate ; style equal
in length to the petals. T2 . P. S. Native of Brazil, in the
provinces of the Mines. Loranthus glomeratus, Mart, in
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 121. Flowers yellowish green, 2 lines long.
Glomerate-fiowered Struthanthus. Shrub par.
47 S. CONFE'RTUS ; plant glabrous ; branches radicant, terete;
leaves opposite, ovate or roundish, obtuse, with a short acumen,
coriaceous, nerved: peduncles axillary, crowded, dichotomous,
simple ; flowers by threes, sessile, tribracteate ; petals 6,
spreadingly reflexed, linear ; anthers ovate ; style one half
shorter than the petals. ^ . P. S. Native of Brazil, on trees
of the orange tribe. Loranthus confertus, Mart, in Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 121.
Crowrferf-peduncled Struthanthus. Shrub par.
48 S. PERROTTE'TII ; plant glabrous ; branches terete, but
rather compressed in the young state ; leaves petiolate, ovate,
or oval, obtuse, coriaceous, feather-nerved ; racemes twin, un-
equal, simple, axillary : with the branchlets bearing each 3 small
concrete bracteas, and 3 sessile flowers ; flower-buds ovate,
small; berry oval. Tj.P. S. Native of French Guiana. Loranthus
Perrottetii, D. C. prod. 4. p. 292. Racemes, petioles, and rachi of
racemes rufous, appearing velvety at first sight. Flowers small.
Leaves 2-3 inches long and 1^ broad. Racemes sometimes
equal in length to the leaves, but sometimes twice the length
Perrottet's Struthanthus. Shrub par.
49 S. INTERRU'PTUS ; glabrous, pendulous ; branches terete ;
leaves oblong, acute, running into the petiole at the base, rather
coriaceous ; racemes axillary and terminal : with short, nearly
opposite, distant branches, bearing each 3 sessile flowers at the
apex, without bracteas. 1? . P. S. Native of Mexico, near
414
LORANTHACE^. V. STBUTHANTHUS.
Ario, on trees of Annona Humboldtii. Loranthus interruptus,
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 440. Schultes, syst. 7.
p. 138. Flowers and fruit not sufficiently known. Leaves
nearly 2 inches long and 9 lines broad ; petioles 3-4 lines
long.
Interrupted-s^ked Struthanthus. Shrub par.
50 S. ADU'NCUS ; plant glabrous ; branches terete, knotted,
scandent ; branchlets angular ; leaves opposite, oblong-roundish,
apiculated by a hooked point, veiny, petiolate ; racemes axil-
lary, trichotomous, or simple ; flowers sessile, 3-6 together,
propped by a subtriangular bractea ; petals 6, linear ; anthers
oblong, tj . P. S. Native of Guiana, on trees. Loranthus
adiincus, Meyer, prim, esseq. p. 149. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 147.
Perhaps the racemes ought to be called spikes ; or perhaps
the flowers are sessile on the tops of the branchlets, not on a
rachis.
Hooked-leaved Struthanthus. Shrub par.
51 S. MAGDALE'NJE ; plant glabrous ; branches terete, rather
sarmentose ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, complicate, feather-
nerved, rather coriaceous ; panicles axillary, longer than the
leaves, spreadingly branched ; peduncles distant, bearing 3
flowers and 3 bracteas at the apex ; petals 6, linear ; anthers
erect, inserted by the base, 3 of which are drawn out in a horn ?
Tj . P. S. Native of South America, on the banks of the river
Magdalena, where it was collected by Bertero. Loranthus Mag-
dalense, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea 3. p. 219. Weihea Mag-
dalenae, Spreng. in herb. Balb. but not of his syst. Leaves
20-22 lines long and 12-15 lines broad; petioles 4-5 lines long.
Corolla 2 lines long.
Magdalena Struthanthus. Shrub par.
52 S. SE'SSILIS ; glabrous ; leaves ovate ; spikes simple, soli-
tary; flowers sessile, by threes ; pedicels thick, 3 -flowered at
the top. Fj . P. S. Native of South America, in the woods of
Carthagena. Loranthus sessilis, Jacq. amer. 99. Berries of
reddish dirty green colour. Perhaps Loranthus sessilis, Meyer,
prim, esseq. 4. p. 149. is the same as that of Jacquin.
jSes«7e-flowered Struthanthus. Shrub par.
53 S. STE'LIS ; glabrous ; branches spreading ; leaves ovate
or oblong, coriaceous, nearly sessile ; peduncles numerous, ax-
illary, spreading, trigonal, bifid : having the branchlets bearing
3 equal, sessile, hexandrous flowers. Ij . P. S. Native of
Cumana, upon trees. Loranthus Stelis, Lin. spec. 331. Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 147. Stelis, no. 1. Lcefl. itin. 187. Plant not
sufficiently known, and Stelis, no. 2. Loefl. is still more obscure.
Mistletoe Struthanthus. Shrub par.
54 S. PEDUNCULA'TUS ; glabrous ; branches shining ; leaves
cordate-ovate, ending each in a short taper point, coriaceous,
shining, petiolate, feather-veined ; racemes axillary, solitary,
shorter than the leaves : having the rachis compressed and the
branchlets 3-flowered, and the flowers pedicellate ; petals 6,
obtuse ; stamens some of them sterile. Jj . P. S. Native of
South America, in the woods of Carthagena, especially on the
sea coast. Loranthus pedunculatus. Jacq. amer. p. 98. Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 145. Leaves 2 inches long. Flowers small, white.
Pedunculate-flowered Struthanthus. Shrub par.
55 S. PSILOBOTRYS ; glabrous ; branches terete ; branchlets
angularly compressed ; leaves oblong, acutish, attenuated at the
base, on short petioles, nerveless, except the middle nerve ;
racemes axillary, 4 times longer than the leaves, 2-edged,
especially at the base; pedicels nearly opposite, 1- flowered;
bracteas 3, concrete, resembling a 3-cleft cupula under each
flower. Tj . P. S. Native of St. Domingo, where it was col-
lected by Bertero. Loranthus psilobotrys, D. C. prod. 4. p. 293.
Loranthus unifl6rus, Spreng. in herb. Balb. but it is very dif-
ferent from the true L. uniflorus. Alabastra oval, a line long.
Racemes 6-7 inches long. Leaves 15 lines long and 4 broad.
Naked-racemed Struthanthus. Shrub par.
56 S. DOMINGE'NSIS ; branches 2 edged, green ; leaves obo-
vate-oblong, mucronulate, fleshy, running down the petiole at
the base ; racemes simple or tern ; flowers remote. fj . P. S.
Native of St. Domingo. Loranthus Domingensis, Desf. in
Hamilt. prod. p. 33. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 147. The rest un-
known.
St. Domingo Struthanthus. Shrub par.
57 S. LAXIFLORUS ; branches terete, brownish ; leaves round-
ish-ovate, finely marginated, running into the petiole at the
base ; racemes for the most part solitary, greyish, on long
peduncles ; flowers remote ; pedicels elongated. Jj . P. S. Na-
tive of Hispaniola. Loranthus laxiflorus, Desf. in Hamilt. prod,
p. 33. The rest unknown.
Lax-flowered Struthanthus. Shrub par.
58 S. UNIFLORUS ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves obovate
or oval, on short petioles, obtuse at the apex, emarginate, and
rather mucronate, feather- veined, rather membranous ; racemes
axillary, solitary or twin, simple ; pedicels 1 -flowered, a little
longer than the flowers, girded by a trifid involucrum ; petals 6,
obtuse ; alternate anthers sterile. F; . P. S. Native of St. Do-
mingo, upon trees and bushes in the woods. Loranthus uni-
florus, Jacq. amer. 98. t. 69. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 146. Lo-
ranthus parviflorus, Lam. diet. 3. p. 595. Leaves 1-2 inches
long. Flowers purple, 2 lines long. Berries cylindrical, dark.
One-lowered Struthanthus. Shrub par.
59 S. PORTORICE'NSIS ; glabrous ; stem terete, rooting, dicho-
tomous ; branchlets compressed ; leaves petiolate, lanceolate,
acute, glaucous, veinless, except the middle nerve, which is
conspicuous at the base but hardly evident at the apex ; corymbs
dichotomous, few-flowered, terminal, one half shorter than the
leaves ; fruit oval, crowned by the teeth of the calyx. Tj . P. S.
Native of Porto Rico, parasitical upon trees, where it was col-
lected by Bertero. Loranthus Portoricensis, D. C. prod. 4.
p. 293. Loranthus Braziliensis, Spreng. in herb. Balb.
Flowers smaller than in the rest of the species. Leaves 8 lines
long and 3 lines broad.
Porto Rico Struthanthus. Shrub par.
60 S. PAUCIFLORUS ; glabrous ; branches terete, spreading ;
leaves obovate-roundish, veiny, on very short petioles ; racemes
axillary, solitary, tripartite, shorter than the leaves ; flowers
nearly sessile, decussate ; bractea concave ; petals 6, lanceolate,
contiguous at the base ; anthers 6, ovate. Jj . P. S. Native
of the interior of Jamaica, and of Cayenne, parasitical on trees.
Loranthus pauciflorus, Swartz, prod. p. 58. fl. ind. occ. 677.
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 147. Loranthus occidentalis, Aubl. guian.
p. 310. ex Swartz. Allied to S. occidentalis, but differs in the
raceme or spike being tripartite, not simple.
Fen-flowered Struthanthus. Shrub par.
61 S. GUADALUPE'NSIS ; glabrous; branches terete; leaves
ovate, rather cordate at the base, acuminated at the apex, on
very short petioles, veinless except the middle nerve ; peduncles
terminal, trichotomous and corymbose at the apex, about the
length of the leaves ; bracteas small ; calyx denticulated ; berry
oval. Jj . P. S. Native of Guadaloupe, where it was collected
by Bertero. Loranthus Guadalupensis, D. C. prod. 4. p. 294.
Loranthus pedunculatus, Spreng. in herb. Balb.
Guadaloupe Struthanthus. Shrub par.
62 S. QUERCI'COLA ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves almost
opposite, petiolate, ovate, acuminated, papery, reticulately veined ;
racemes 1-2, axillary ; flowers almost sessile, by threes, oppo-
site : anthers orbicular, fixed by the base. Fj . P. S. Native
of Mexico, near Jalapa, parasitical on oak and other trees.
Flowers minutely bracteolate. Corolla a line and a half long.
Loranthus quercicola, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linntea. 5. p. 173.
Oak Struthanthus. Shrub par.
LORANTHACEjE. V. STRUTHANTHUS. VI. PSITTACANTHUS.
415
63 S. RETROFLE'XUS ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves
ovate, acute, deflexed, rather coriaceous, on short petioles ;
panicles axillary and terminal : with an angular rachis : and
retroflexed branchlets, bearing ovate, concave, deciduous brae-
teas, and 2-4 flowers, which stand on short pedicels ; petals 6,
linear, reflexed at the apex. Pj . P. S. Native of Peru, in
groves on the Andes, upon trees. Loranthus retroflexus, Ruiz,
et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 49. t. 279. f. a. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 138.
Leaves usually an inch and a half long and 2 inches broad ; on
petioles 2-3 lines long. Flowers small, purple. Berries oval,
of a yellowish glaucous colour.
Retroflexed-petafied Struthanthus. Shrub par.
Cult. All the species of this beautiful genus being parasitical,
they are consequently not cultivable in gardens. They have
something of the aspect of Lonicera or honeysuckle.
VI. PSITTACA'NTHUS (^irraKos, psittacos, a parrot, and
anthos, a flower ; perhaps from the bright colour of the
flowers). Mart, in D. C. prod. 4. p. 671. Loranthus section
Oscillator!® Callanthae. D. C. prod. 4. p. 308. — Loranthus
species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Hexdndria, Monogynia. Flowers hermaphrodite,
for the most part hexamerous. Calyx cup-shaped, hemispheri-
cally cyathiform, with a contracted mouth : having the border
sometimes entire, and sometimes obsoletely 5-6-toothed or re-
pand. Petals 6, linear-spatulate, in most of the species distinct
to the middle, erect, spreading, often furnished with a linear
scale in the middle. Filaments filiform, rising from the middle
of the petals ; anthers linear or oblong, fixed by the base, there-
fore erect": or by the back, then they are incumbent. Ovarium
ovate. Style filiform ; stigma capitate. Berry ovate. — Pani-
cles dichotomous or trichotomous, expanded or corymbose ;
peduncles articulately inserted, bracteate ; pedicels extended
into a cup-shaped bracteole each. Flowers large, thick, deeply
coloured.
1 P. RAMIFI.ORUS ; glabrous; branches terete ; branchlets an-
gular ; leaves ovate, bluntish, attenuated at the base ; peduncles
opposite, trifid, 6-flowered, spreadingly deflexed, rising beneath
the leaf-bearing branches ; alabastra conical ; petals lanceolate-
linear, acuminated ; anthers versatile. ^ . P. G. Native of
Mexico, parasitical on trees, on the mountains of Mahuitzola.
Loranthus ramiflorus. Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex
D. C. prod. 4. p. 308. Leaves 1^ inch long, and 6-7 lines
broad; on very short petioles. Corolla 10 lines long, conical.
Branch-flowered Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
2 P. CALYCULA'TUS ; glabrous ; branches nearly terete ; leaves
opposite, ovate, or lanceolate, hardly petiolate, coriaceous, vein-
less ; corymbs terminal, trichotomous, shorter than the leaves :
having a cup-shaped bractea under each flower, as in all the
rest of the species ; petals 6, linear, acute ; anthers versatile.
t? . P. S. Native of Mexico, about Cuarcavara, where it was
collected by Berlandier. Loranthus calyculatus, D. C. coll.
mem. vi. t. 101. Larger leaves 2 inches long and 1-| broad, the
rest rather smaller. Flowers of a yellowish scarlet colour,
almost 2 inches long. There are 2 oblong floral leaves under
each lateral branch of the corymb. Limb of calyx truncate.
Allied to P. cce'sus. Perhaps the same as Loranthus Quau-
chitli of Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex.
Calyculate Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
3 P. JACQUI'NI ; glabrous ; brandies terete ; leaves obovate
or oval, coriaceous, shining, on short petioles, veinless ; pedun-
cles axillary and terminal, cymose, shorter than the leaves : ul-
timate ones trifid : having an urceolate, small bractea under each
flower ; petals 6, contiguous at the base, linear, revolute at the
apex ; alabastra curved a little ; anthers oblong, versatile, fj .
P. S. Native of Jamaica, Martinico, and Brazil, parasitical on
trees. Loranthus Jacquini, D. C. prod. 4. p. 308. L. Ameri-
canus, Jacq. amer. p. 97. t. 67. exclusive of the synonymes.
Lin. spec. 331. exclusive of the synonyme of Cham, and
Schlecht. in Linnsea. 3. p. 210. but not of Lin. amoen. nor
Swartz.
Far. /5, longifbl'ms (D. C. prod. 4. p. 308.) leaves oblique,
lanceolate, attenuated at the base. Jj . P. S. Native of Ja-
maica. Calyx cup-shaped. Flowers sometimes of 4 petals.
Jacquin's Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
4 P. BRASILIE'NSIS ; glabrous ; branches terete, compressed
while young ; leaves petiolate, lanceolate-ovate, obliquely nerved,
thickish, shining above ; peduncles trichotomous, terminal, and
in the upper axils : branchlets 5-flowered ; alabastra club-
shaped ; petals 6, linear ; anthers versatile. \i . P. S. Native
of Brazil. Loranthus Brasiliensis, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p.
596. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 127. Habit of Avicennia tomenlosa,
but is perfectly glabrous. Leaves 3 or 3|- inches long, and 12-
15 lines broad, on petioles 3-4 lines long. Corolla an inch
and a half long.
Brazilian Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
5 P. CI'NCTUS ; branches terete ; leaves opposite and alter-
nate, on very short petioles, oblong-ovate, obtuse, thick, mar-
ginated ; racemes axillary and terminal, compound : peduncles
nearly opposite, 2-flowered ; bracteas cup-shaped ; flowers
tomentose on the outside, clavate at the apex in the unexpanded
state ; petals 6, nearly linear, glandular at the base. (7 . P. S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro, in the woods of
Japura. Loranthus cinctus, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 134.
Corolla 1 or 1^ inch long, densely clothed with coloured tomen-
tum. Anthers oblong. Style equal in length to the petals.
Stigma capitate.
Girded Psitticanthus. Shrub par.
6 P. spEctosus ; glabrous ; leaves oblong-elliptic, or lanceo-
late, bluntish, cuneated at the base, coriaceous : having the mid-
dle nerve hardly conspicuous, and the lateral veins wanting ;
racemes unknown ; alabastra cylindrical ; petals 6, linear, hardly
concrete at the base ; anthers versatile ; stigma not capitate.
Tj . P. S. Native of Brazil. Loranthus speciosus, Pohl, in
litt. but not Dietr. nor Wall. Leaves 3 inches long and an inch
broad ; petioles hardly any. Corolla 3 inches long. It differs
from P. Brasiliensis, Lam. in the alabastra not being clavate.
Showy Psitticanthus. Shrub par.
7 P. DICHRO'OS ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves opposite,
obovate, emarginate, coriaceous, hardly veined ; peduncles soli-
tary, axillary, dichotomous : the branches 2-3-flowered ; brac-
tea cup-shaped, shorter than the ovarium, 1 -toothed; petals 6,
linear, spreadingly reflexed from the middle ; anthers linear-
oblong. Pj . P. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio
Janeiro. Loranthus dichroos, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 122.
Flowers 18-20 lines long, scarlet, but green at the apex.
Troo-co/ourerf-flowered Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
8 P. GRANDIFLORUS ; branches terete ; leaves opposite, on
short petioles, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, thick ; peduncles
dichotomous : terminal ones 3-4 : axillary ones solitary ; flowers
pedicellate by threes, tomentose ; bractea cup-shaped, uniden-
tate ; petals 6, linear, bearing each a scale on the inside at the
base. J? . P. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio
Negro, in the woods about Japura. Loranthus grandiflorus,
Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 124. Corolla l£ to 2 inches long,
purplish 1 Stigma globose-capitate.
Great-Jlonered Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
9 P. BITERNA'TUS ; branches terete, rather velvety ; leaves
nearly opposite, petiolate, elliptic, obtuse, thick, glaucous ; pe-
duncles axillary and terminal : lower ones solitary, dichotomous:
superior ones sub-panicled ; flowers pedicellate, pubescent ;
416
LORANTHACE.E. VI. PSITTACANTHUS.
bracteas ovate ; petals 6, linear, bearing each a scale on the
inside at the base ; anthers oblong, versatile. Tj . P. S. Na-
tive of Brazil. Loranthus biternatus, Hoffmanseg, in Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 124. Corolla 12-18 lines long. Three of the
stamens are shorter than the rest. Style bent, with 2 knees ;
stigma capitate.
Biternate Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
10 P. ROBU'STUS ; glabrous; branches tetragonal ; leaves op-
posite, decussate, on short petioles, oblong-obovate, obtuse,
thick ; peduncles terminal, and corymbosely crowded in the axils
of the upper leaves, 3-flowered ; flowers erect, angular ; brac-
teas nearly orbicular, short. J? . P S. Native of Brazil, in
the province of Rio Negro, in woods about Japura. Loranthus
robustus, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 125. Corolla yellow,
2-3 inches long, glabrous on the outside. Style filiform ; stigma
capitate. Anthers linear.
Robust Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
IIP. FITRCA'TUS ; glabrous ; branches tetragonal at the apex ;
leaves opposite, obovate, emarginate or obtuse, coriaceous, almost
nerveless ; peduncles axillary and terminal, 1-3 together, those
in the forks bearing 2-6 flowers ; bracteas ovate, acutish ; petals
6, cohering at the base, but spreadingly reflexed at the apex.
\l . P. S. Native of Brazil, in woods, at the river St. Fran-
cisco. Loranthus furcatus, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 126.
Corolla 1 or 1| inch long, scarlet at the base, but paler to-
wards the apex, and yellow inside. Anthers oblong, probably '
versatile.
Forked-peduncled. Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
12 P. BICALYCULA'TUS ; branches terete ; leaves opposite,
ovate-cordate, obtuse, somewhat stem-clasping, thick, glaucous ;
panicle terminal, dichotomous, bracteate : peduncles 2-3-flow-
ered, tomentose ; bracteas cup-shaped, girding the ovarium ;
calyx 6-toothed ; petals linear. Jj . P. S. Native of Brazil,
in the province of Bahia, in woods. Loranthus bicalyculatus,
Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 128. Corolla 14 lines long, to-
mentose on the outside, scarlet. Style longer than the stamens ;
stigma capitate.
Bicalyculate-RowereA Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
1 3 P. CORDA'TUS ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves oppo-
site, cordate at the base, stem-clasping, coriaceous, ending in a
long acumen, triple or quintuple- nerved ; flowers racemosely
panicled on the tops of the branches, and in the axils of the
upper leaves ; peduncles 2-flowered ; rather tomentose ; brac-
teas cup-shaped ; petals 6, linear, spreading above the middle.
Tj . P. S. Native of Brazil. Loranthus cordatus, HofFmanseg
in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 128. Corolla 12-16 lines long. Anthers
oblong. Stigma capitate.
Cordate-leaved Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
14 P. FALCIFRO'NS ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves oppo-
site, sessile, oblong-lanceolate, rather falcate, triple or quin-
tuple-nerved, coriaceous ; panicles terminal and axillary, some-
what dichotomous ; flowers by threes, glabrous ; pedicels equal in
length to the bracteas, which are drawn out into a cup, around the
ovaria, and much longer than them ; petals 6, linear. Jj . P. S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro, in woods about
Japura. Lordnthus falcifrons, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 129.
Corolla golden-yellow, 14-18 lines long. Anthers oblong,
yellow. — There is a variety of this species having shorter, ovate-
oblong, hardly falcate leaves.
Sickle-leaved Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
15 P. ACINA'RIUS ; glabrous; leaves lanceolate, acuminated,
oblique, rather falcate, thick, hardly veined ; cymes 5-parted,
with the branchlets 3-flowered ; flowers pedicellate ; bracteas
cup-shaped, large, truncate, nearly entire; calyx 6-toothed;
petals 6, linear. tj . P. S. Native of Brazil, in woods in the
province of Piauhia. Loranthus acinarius, Mart, in Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 130. Corolla 1-j. inch long, club-shaped at the apex
in the unexpanded state. Anthers oblong. Stigma rather ob-
lique.
Ac'marious Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
16 P. CUCULLA'RIS ; glabrous; branches terete, nodose at the
joints ; leaves broad-lanceolate, falcate, 5-nerved, opposite, on
short petioles ; peduncles axillary and terminal, bifid or sub-
paniculate, nearly one-half shorter than the leaves : with 1 -3-
flowered branches ; bracteas large, concave, cordate, acuminated ;
flowers sessile ; petals 6, linear ; anthers versatile. Tj . P. S.
Native of French Guiana. Loranthus cucullaris, Lam. journ.
hist. nat. 1. p. 144. t. 23. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 130.
Cucullar-bracled Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
1 7 P. MEXICA'NUS ; glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, rather
falcate, running down the short petiole in a cuneate manner at
the base, 5-7-nerved, rather coriaceous ; panicles axillary and
terminal : with thick branchlets, bearing 3 flowers at the apex ;
pedicels shorter than the bracteas, which are drawn out into
ovate cupula, much exceeding the ovaria ; petals 6, linear, acute,
velvety on the outside ; anthers oblong. (7 . P. S. Native of
Mexico, where it was collected by Haenke. Loranthus Mexi-
canus, Presl, in herb. Haenke, and in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 129.
Leaves 5 inches long and 1^ broad. Flowers 18-20 lines long,
golden yellow in the dried state. The leaves are very similar
to those of P. cucullaris, but differs in the bracteas being much
smaller.
Mexican Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
18 P. ? DESTRU'CTOR ; glabrous ; branches tetragonal, wart-
ed ; leaves petiolate, oblong, acute, coriaceous, having the middle
nerve rather prominent beneath, the rest of the leaf veinless ;
racemes terminal, having the branchlets 3-flowered, approximate,
secund, and bractless ; flowers pedicellate ; petals 6, linear ;
anthers incumbent. Tj . P. S. Native of Quito, on trees near
Villa de Ibarra, where it is called Matapalo. Loranthus de-
structor, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 485. Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 135. Leaves 2 inches long and 8-9 lines broad ;
petioles 3 lines long. Flowers about an inch long, orange-
coloured. Berries globose, black. It is very doubtful whether
this is a species of the present genus from the want of bracteas.
Destructive Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
19 P. FORMOSUS ; quite glabrous ; branches compressedly an-
gular at the nodi ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse, on short
petioles, coriaceous, feather-veined ; umbels 3, 1 terminal, and
2 axillary, pedunculate ; bracteas irregular ; calyx repandly
truncate ; corolla 6-parted, with linear lobes ; anthers versatile.
Tj . P. S. Native of Brazil. Loianthus formosus, Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 211. An intermediate species between
P. Jacqulni and P. Mutisii. Leaves almost alternate or oppo-
site, 3-4 inches long, and 1-2 broad. Corolla 4 inches long,
showy.
Beautiful Psittacanthus. Shrub.
20 P. CUNEIFOLIUS ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves nearly
sessile, cuneiform, small, ending in a short acumen, fleshy, shin-
ing ; peduncles 1-3 together, axillary, 1 -flowered, 3 times
shorter than the leaves ; bracteas cup-shaped, one under each
flower ; petals 6, linear-spatulate, concrete at the base ; anthers
versatile. Tj . P. S. Native of Brazil and Peru, on trees and
shrubs ; of Chili, in valleys in the Andes of Mendoza, Cordillera of
Chili, on Accacia Cavenia at Llayllay, and upon willows at Banda
Oriental. Loranthus cuneif61ius, Ruiz et Pav. fl. par. 3. p. 46.
t. 276. f. b. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. .3. p. 212. Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 118. Loranthus Montevidensis, Spreng. syst. 2. p.
128. Leaves hardly an inch long, some of them emarginately
retuse at the apex. Corolla scarlet, an inch and a half long.
Berries roundish, black, crowned by the urceolate calyx.
Cunez/ora-leaved Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
LORANTHACE^E. VI. PSITTACANTHUS.
417
21 P. CUPU'LIFER ; glabrous; branches terete; leaves nearly
sessile, obliquely ovate-oblong, narrowed at the apex and ob-
tuse, reticulately many veined, somewhat membranous ; pedun-
cles axillary, 2-3-flowered, unibracteate ; pedicels furnished
with a large cup-shaped bractea under the flower ; petals 6,
linear, spreading, revolute at the apex ; anthers incumbent.
F? . P. S. Native of Peru, near Loxa. Loranthus cupulifer,
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 438. Schultes, syst. 7. p.
120. Leaves 5 inches long and 2 inches broad, on very short
petioles. Flowers 1 or 1£ inch long, on very short pedicels.
Berry elliptic, about the length of the cup-shaped bractea.
Cup-hearing Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
22 P. PLUMIE'RI ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves ovate
(3-nerved ex Lam.) 5-7-nerved at the base, coriaceous ; pedun-
cles axillary, trichotomously corymbose, shorter than the leaves ;
petals 5, linear, contiguous at the base; alabastra a little curved;
anthers versatile. Jj . P. S. Native of the West India Islands,
parasitical on trees. Loranthus Plumieri, Cham, et Schlecht. in
Linnaea. 3. p. 311. Lonicera, Plum. nov. gen. 17. t. 37. pi.
amer. ed. Burm. t. 166. f. 1. Loranthus, Vaill. act. acad. par.
1722. p. 201. Plumier says the flowers of his plant are com-
posed of 6 petals, but the number of the parts of the flower is
unknown.
Plumier's Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
23 P. EUCALYPTIFOLIUS ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves
petiolate, ovate, rounded at the apex, coriaceous, almost vein-
less ; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered, shorter than the leaves ;
pedicels furnished with a cup-shaped bractea each under the
flower ; petals 6, linear, a little dilated at the apex, hardly co-
hering at the base ; anthers incumbent. Fj . P. S. Native of
South America, in the province of Caraccas, at Villa de Cura.
Loranthus eucalyptifolius, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 433. Leaves 3 inches long, and nearly 2 broad. Flowers
yellow, glabrous, about 1-| inch long. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 120.
Eucalyptus-leaved Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
24 P. CRASSIFOLIUS ; branches terete, dotted with brown at
the apex ; leaves opposite, broad-ovate, obtuse, with subrevolute
margins, coriaceous ; peduncles axillary, 1-3-together, dichoto-
mous ; flowers twin or tern, pedicellate, tubular : the tube ven-
tricose above the middle, and spreading at the apex, and having
the throat constricted ; bracteas cup-shaped, one under each
flower. T? . P. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio
Grande, in woods about Japura. Loranthus crassifolius, Mart,
in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 123. Corolla purplish, 2 and 2-| inches
long. Anthers linear.
Thick-leaved Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
25 P. DICHOTOMUS ; glabrous ; branches terete, dichotomous,
3 or 4 in a whorl ; leaves usually in whorles, ovate-elliptic,
rounded at the apex, coriaceous ; peduncles axillary, twin, bifur-
cate, pendulous in the flower-bearing state, but erect in the
fruit-bearing state; limb of calyx truncate; bracteas cup-
shaped, one under each flower; petals 6, linear, concrete at the
base, revolutely spreading at the apex ; anthers incumbent. fj .
P. S. Native of Peru, on the Andes, in groves about Muna.
Loranthus dichotomus, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 45. t. 274. f.
a. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 123. Loranthus clusisefoliiis, Willd.
rel. ex Schultes, syst. 1. c. Leaves 2 hands long, and a hand and
a half broad. Corolla about a hand and a half long, scarlet at
the base, and yellow at the top. Petioles very short.
Far. ft, Balthasareus (D. C. prod. 4. p. 311.) petioles 8-9
lines long ; margins of leaves somewhat revolute, shining above,
and rather glaucescent ; flowers red, 3 inches long ; petals a
little dilated at the apex. Ij . P. S. Native of South America,
on the banks of the Orinoco, near Balthasar. Loranthus dicho-
tomus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 433. Perhaps
sufficiently distinct from the species.
VOL. III.
Dichotomous-pedunded. Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
26 P. NODOSUS ; glabrous ; branches terete, dichotomous, arti-
culated at the nodi ; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate-roundish,
coriaceous, somewhat 7-nerved at the base ; peduncles axillary,
and in the forks of the branches, in fascicles, 1-2-flowered, nearly
the length of the petioles ; bracteas semicircular ; alabastra
terete, acute ; petals 6, linear-lanceolate ; filaments adnate a
long way to the petals. Fj . P. S. Native of Peru. Loranthus
nodosus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 2. p. 601. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 119.
Leaves 3^ to 4 inches long, and 2^ to 3 inches broad. Corolla
3 or 3| inches long.
Knotled-branched Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
27 P. MUTISII ; glabrous; branches terete; leaves 3 in a
whorl, sessile, somewhat obliquely elliptic-oblong, or obovate,
rounded at the apex, coriaceous ; peduncles axillary, few-flower-
ed, bractless : petals 6, linear, glabrous, concrete at the base ?
Tj . P. S. Native of South America, near Santa Fe de Bogota.
Loranthus Mutisii, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 439.
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 124. Loranthus longifolius, Mutis, ined.
ex Bonpl. Leaves 2-J to 3 inches long, and 1 ^ broad. Flowers
half a foot long.
Mutis's Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
28 P. DIVARICA'TUS ; glabrous ; branches terete, divaricate ;
leaves petiolate, oblong or elliptic, rounded at the apex, coria-
ceous, glaucescent ; peduncles panicled on the tops of the
branches, 3-flowered, bractless ; pedicels expanded into an entire
cupula under each flower ; petals 6, linear, glabrous ; anthers
incumbent. Ij . P. S. Native of South America, on the banks
of the Orinoco. Loranthus divaricatus, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 3. p. 433. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 127. Flowers more
than an inch long. Leaves 10-15 lines long, and 5-9 broad.
Peduncles axillary and terminal.
Divaricate Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
29 P. ACUTIFOLIUS ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves petio-
late, lanceolate, very acute ; racemes axillary, one-half shorter
than the leaves, having the branchlets 1-3-flowered ; flowers pe-
dicellate, furnished with a common acute bractea each ; petals 6,
linear, somewhat spatulate, erect to the middle, and conniving.
Tj . P. S. Native of Peru, parasitical on trees, and in hedges at
Huanaco. Loranthus acutifolius, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 48.
t. 274. f. b. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 142. Leaves 2-3 inches long,
and nearly an inch broad ; petioles 2-3 lines long. Corolla white,
4-5 lines long. Berry oval, blackish.
Far. |3, Chilensis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 314.) racemes dense-
flowered, almost bractless ; petals erect beneath the middle, and
conniving, linear and acute at the apex. fj . P. G. Native of
Chili, where it was collected by Haenke. Loranthus acutifolius,
Presl, in herb. Haenke. Perhaps a distinct species.
Acute-leaved Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
30 P. ? ESCHSCHOLZIA'NUS ; branches terete, or a little angu-
lar, rough ; leaves subalternate, on very short petioles, rough,
ovate or roundish, obtuse, glabrous, coriaceous; peduncles
corymbosely racemose, terminal and axillary, erect, for the most
part 3-flowered: the middle flower sessile; bracteas ovate,
fringed at the apex, equal in length to the ovaria ; corolla 5-
cleft, clavate ; anthers fixed by the back. ^ . P. G. Native of
Chili. Loranthus Eschscholzianus, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7.
p. 117. Ovarium oblong. Corolla 3 lines long.
Eschscholz's Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
31 ? P. THYRSIFLORUS ; glabrous ; branches dichotomous or
trichotomous ; leaves broad -lanceolate, acutish or acuminated,
with pellucid cartilaginous margins ; racemes terminal and axil-
lary : flowers 2-3, sessile at the tops of the branchlets ; bracteas
ovate, acute, one under each flower ; corolla 6-parted, with linear
lobes ; anthers versatile. Jj . P. S. Native of Brazil. Loran-
thus thyrsiflorus, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 214.
3H
418
LORANtHACE^E. VI. PSITTACANTHUS. Vll. TRISTERIX. VIII.
Leaves 2 inches long, and 8-9 lines broad ; petioles 6-9 lines
long. Flowers 5 lines long. Limb of calyx very narrow, trun-
cate.
Thyrse-Jlon'ered Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
32 P. ? FLAGELLA'RIS ; glabrous, sarmentose ; branches terete;
leaves sessile, linear, acute, coriaceous, with the middle nerve
hardly conspicuous ; racemes terminal, naked, erect ; lower pe-
dicels 3-flowered, superior ones 1-flowered; bracteas decidu-
ous, one under each flower ; calyx lacerated, truncate ; corolla
5-6-parted, having the lobes linear and dilated at the apex ;
anthers versatile. Tj . P. S. Native of Brazil ; of Chili, near
La Punta de San Luis, at El Aquadita, and on the banks of El
Rio Chorillo. Loranthus flagell&ris, Cham, et Schlecht. in
Linnaea. 3. p. 213. Like Loranthus cuneifolius and sarmen-
t6sus, Ruiz et Pav. in fl. per. Corolla fine red, 6 lines long.
Style attenuated at the apex. Leaves 20 lines long and 1-J
broad.
Whip Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
33 P. BERTEROI ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leavgs alter-
nate, broad, elliptic, obtuse, tapering into the short petioles at
the base, coriaceous, with somewhat revolute margins ; peduncles
terminal, in dense corymbose racemes ; the partial peduncles
2-5-flowered ; flowers tubular, with 6 linear-spatulate, nearly
free segments ; filaments equal in length to the petals ; anthers
linear-oblong, oscillatory ; style filiform, angular ; stigma hardly
capitate ; ovarium roundish, exceeding the unilateral bractea,
which is roundish and denticulated at the apex. Tj . P. G.
Native at Juan Fernandez, growing on Myrtus Fernandesidnus.
Hook, et Arn. Loranthus Berteroi, Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc.
3. p. 358. Loranthus venetus, Bertero, but not of Kunth. The
partial peduncles are simple, and bear 2 flowers, or are forked,
and then bear 3 or 5 flowers. The flowers are about an inch
long. It is probably a species of Struthanthus.
Bertero's Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
34 P. SCHIEDEA'NUS ; plant glabrous ; branches subalately
tetragonal, dilated at the nodi ; leaves nearly opposite, on short
petioles, ovate-lanceolate, obliquely falcate, feather-veined, and
somewhat triple-nerved ; corymbs terminal ; bracteas cup-shap-
ed, one under each flower ; limb of calyx truncate. Tj . P. S.
Native of Mexico, near Jalapa. Loranthus Schiedeanus, Cham,
et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 5. p. 172. Allied to P. Jacqumi, but
differs in the flowers being more slender, and about 2 inches long.
Schiede's Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
Cult. The flowers of all the species of this genus are very
showy, and comparatively large. The habit is that of honey-
suckle. Being all parasitical shrubs, they are not cultivable.
VII. TRI'STERIX (from rpitf, treis, three, and Trrtpi.£, pterix,
a wing ; in reference to the 3 bracteas to the flowers). Mart.
in D. C. prod. 4. p. 671. — Loranthus species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Tetra-Hexdndria, Monogynia. Flowers herma-
phrodite, each propped by 3 bracteas. Calyx cup- shaped or
cylindrical, with an entire border. Petals linear-spatulate, or
linear, bearing the stamens in the middle ; anthers fixed by the
back, incumbent, linear-oblong or ovate. Style filiform ; stigma
capitate. Berry ovate or elliptic. Racemes brachiate, lateral or
terminal.
1 T. VIRIDIFLORUS ; glabrous ; primary branches subverticil-
late, rather compressed when young ; leaves opposite, on short
petioles, lanceolate, attenuated at both ends ; racemes axillary,
2-4 in a fascicle, shorter than the leaves ; pedicels remote, 1-
flowered ; bracteas 3 under each flower, rather concrete ; corolla
6-cleft, having the middle of the tube angular, and the lobes
spreadmgly reflexed ; stamens 6. Pj . P. S. Native of Nipaul,
upon trees. Loranthus viridiflorus, Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p.
219. Corolla green, 3-4 lines long. Anthers adnate, ex Wall.
Green-flowered Tristerix. Shrub par.
2 T. TETRA'NDRUS ; branches terete, and are, as well as the
petioles and nerves of leaves, pubescent; leaves ovate, bluntish,
rather cordate, coriaceous, glabrous in the adult state ; corymbs
nearly sessile, dense, many flowered ; pedicels very short, pu-
bescent, having 3 bracteas under each flower ; corolla glabrous,
4-parted : lobes shell-formed at the apex and acute ; stamens 4;
anthers versatile. Jj . P. G. Native of Chili, about Talca-
quano, Conception, El Valle del Rio Tingririca, and Valparaiso,
parasitical on Guevina and other trees, along with Loranthus
buxifolius, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 206. Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 103. Loranthus tetrandrus, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3.
p. 48. t. 275. The vernacular name of this species is Quintral
ex Bertero.
Telrandrous Tristerix. Shrub par.
3 T. APHY'LLUS ; much branched ; branches nearly terete,
glabrous, short, leafless ; flowers pedicellate, somewhat corym-
bose ; bracteas 3 under each flower, somewhat concrete ; corolla
glabrous, 4-parted : lobes linearly cochleate at the apex ; sta-
mens 4 ; anthers versatile. T? . P. G. Native of Chili, para-
sitical upon Cereus Peruvianus at Rancagua, Coquimbo, Guardia
del Maypu, Villavicenzio in the Andes of Mendoza, Cordil-
lera of Chili, &c. Loranthus aphyllus, Miers, ex Bert, in litt.
829. Loranthus cactorum, Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. part,
bot. 1 . p. 25. Flowers like those of the preceding species. The
vernacular name of this plant is Quinlral de Quisco.
Leafless Tristerix. Shrub par.
4 T. REINWARDTIA'NUS ; leaves opposite, oblong, attenuated
at both ends, coriaceous, veinless beneath ; peduncles crowded,
axillary, 1-flowered ; flowers pentandrous or tetrandrous ; tube
of corolla very long, curved : lobes linear, secund, at length cir-
cinnately revolute at the top. (7 . P. S. Native of Java, in
woods on the mountains. Loranthus Reinwardtianus, Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 105. Loranthus coccineus, Reinw. in Blum, bijdr.
p. 664. but not of Jack.
Reinwardt's Tristerix. Shrub par.
Cult. The species of this genus, like the rest of the genera
of this order, are not cultivable in gardens. Their habit is that
of Lonicera.
VIII. DENDROPHTHO'E (from StvSpov, dendron, a tree,
and <j>6oi], phlhoe, corruption ; the plants kill the trees upon
which they grow). Mart, in D. C. prod. 4. p. 671. — Loranthus
species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Tetra-Pentdndria, Monogynia. Flowers herma-
phrodite, each furnished with one bractea ; bracteas sometimes
lateral, and sometimes cupular and oblique. Calyx cup -shaped
or campanulate, with an entire or toothed border. Petals linear-
spatulate, bearing the stamens in the middle. Anthers fixed by
the base, erect, linear. Style filiform ; stigma capitate. Berry
ovate or elliptic. — Racemes for the most part lateral, subcorym-
bose.
§ 1. Flowers of 4-5 petals, having a cucullate bractea under
each flower.
1 D. LIGUSTRI'NUS ; branches terete, when young, as well as the
new leaves, peduncles, bracteas, and flowers pubescent ; leaves
petiolate, lanceolate, acuminated, coriaceous, at length glabrous ;
peduncles many, axillary, cymosely corymbose ; bractea lateral,
cucullate under each flower : limb of calyx almost entire ; corolla
tetragonal ; petals 4, linear, at length spreading ; flowers pentand-
rous. Tj . P. G. Native of Nipaul, in woods in the great valley.
Loranthus ligustrinus, Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 219. D.Don,
prod. fl. nep. p. 143. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 101. Leaves 2 inches
long, and 6-9 lines broad ; petioles 2 lines long. Corolla 4-6
lines long, reddish.
LORANTHACE^l. VIII. DENDROPHTHOE.
419
Privet-like Dendrophthoe. Shrub par.
2 D. WALLICHIA'NUS ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves
rather alternate, ovate, obtuse, acute at the base ; racemes axil-
lary, 1-3-together, one-half shorter than the leaves, simple, in
fascicles round the base of the branches ; flowers small, pedicel-
late ; bracteas lateral cucullate, one under each flower ; petals 4,
linear-cuneated : alabastra nearly terete ; berry subglobose, re-
flexed ; flowers tetrandrous. T? . P. S. Native of the East
Indies, where it was detected by Heyne. Loranthus Walli-
chianus, Schultes, syst. 7. p. 100. Loranthus polystachyus,
Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 217. but not of Ruiz et Pav. Co-
rolla deep purple, 4 lines long.
Wallich's Dendrophthoe. Shrub par.
3 D. PU'LCHER ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves nearly
opposite, on short petioles, ovate-elliptic, acuminated, coriaceous,
glaucous ; racemes axillary, simple, many flowered, length of the
leaves ; bracteas cucullate, lateral, one under each flower ; ala-
bastra cylindrically pentagonal ; petals 5, free to the base, linear ;
flowers pentandrous. Pj . P. S. Native of Penang. Loranthus
pulcher, D. C. prod. 4. p. 295. Loranthus speciosus, Wall,
mss. but not of Pohl, nor Perr. nor Dietr. Leaves 4 inches
long, and 2 broad. Corolla 2 lines long. Style filiform ; stigma
simple. Calyx truncate.
Fair Dendrophthoe. Shrub par.
4 D. PE'NDULUS ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves opposite,
petiolate, long-linear, acutish, coriaceous, with 5 subparallel
veins, which are hardly conspicuous ; corymbs axillary, 1-2-
together, pedunculate, trifid ; branches 3-flowered ; bracteas
ovate-roundish, lateral, one at the outer side of each flower ;
limb of calyx truncate ; alabastra terete, clavate ; petals 5, linear,
somewhat dilated at the apex ; flowers pentandrous ; anthers
oblong, erect. Jj . P. G. Native of New Holland. Loranthus
pendulus, Sieb. fl. nov. holl. no. 241. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 157.
D. C. coll. mem. vi. t. 1. Leaves 6-8 inches long, and 5 lines
broad; petioles 10 lines long. Corolla 15 lines long. Berry
ovate. Style filiform.
Pendulous Dendrophthoe. Shrub par.
5 D. CONGE'NER ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves oblong,
obtuse, attenuated at the base, on short petioles, coriaceous,
veinless ; racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves, subcorym-
bose ; peduncles 3-flowered ; flowers pedicellate ; bracteas ovate,
acute, lateral, one under each flower ; limb of calyx truncate ;
alabastra terete, somewhat club-shaped ; petals 5, linear, acute ;
flowers pentandrous ; anthers linear, inserted by the base. f? .
P. G. Native of New Holland. Loranthus congener, Sieb.
nov. holl. no. 243. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 114. D. C. coll. mem.
vi. t. 2. Leaves 2 inches long, and 4-5 lines broad. Corolla
nearly an inch long. Style filiform.
Congener Dendrophthoe. Shrub par.
6 D. FORSTERIA'NUS ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves op-
posite, petiolate, ovate, obtuse, veiny, thin ; cymes axillary, soli-
tary, shorter than the leaves ; peduncles 3-flowered ; bracteas
ovate, obtuse, lateral, one under each flower ; calyx truncate ;
corolla pentagonal, subclavate in the young state, fj . P. G.
Native of the Society Islands. Loranthus Forsterianus, Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 114. Loranthus stelis, Forst. prod, ex specimen in
herb. Screb. from Schultes obs. Perhaps this species does not
belong to the present genus.
Forster's Dendrophthoe. Shrub par.
7 D. GAUDICHA'UDI ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves op-
posite, linear, obtuse, thickish, attenuated at the base ; peduncles
axillary, much shorter than the leaves, divaricately bifid at the
apex, 2-4- flowered ; parts of flowers equal ; flowers tetran-
drous ; petals spatulate ; anthers ovate, inserted by the base.
Jj . P. G. Native of New Holland, where it was collected by
Gaudichaud. Loranthus Gaudichaudi, D. C. prod. 4. p. 295.
Leaves 10-12 lines long, and 2 lines broad. Flowers 5-6 lines
long. Style filiform.
Gaudichaud's Dendrophthoe. Shrub par.
8 D. TETRAPE'TALUS ; leaves opposite, nearly sessile, oblong,
or elliptic, coriaceous ; flowers tetrandrous, one on each side of
each leaf, and therefore there are 4 at each joint, disposed in a
whorl ; petals 4, linear. f? . P. G. Native of New Zealand.
Loranthus tetrapetalus, Lin. fil. suppl. 211. Forst. prod. no.
156. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 96. Calyx nearly entire. Style a
little longer than the petals, filiform ; stigma capitate. Bracteas
probably wanting.
Four-petalled Dendrophthoe. Shrub par.
9 D. LUZONE'NSIS ; glabrous; branches terete, dichotomous
or whorled, knotted at the joints ; leaves opposite or verticillate,
oval-oblong, coriaceous, sessile, almost veinless ; peduncles ter-
minal, cymosely corymbose at the apex, pubescent ; bracteas
ovate, acute, lateral, rather concave, one under each flower ; limb
of calyx truncate ; corolla of 4 linear acute petals, which are
somewhat concrete at the base (sometimes joined by pairs); style
filiform. lj . P. S. Native of Luzon, one of the Philippines.
Loranthus Luzonensis, Presl, in herb. Haenke, and in Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 104. Leaves 11-15 lines long, and 6-7 broad.
Corolla 15 lines long, hardly pubescent on the outside.
Luzon Dendrophthoe. Shrub par.
10 D. PENTAPE'TALUS ; glabrous, much branched ; leaves op-
posite, petiolate, lanceolate-ovate or oval-cordate, obliquely at-
tenuated, smooth; racemes 1-2, axillary, simple, stiff1, length of
the leaves ; flowers very numerous, on short pedicels ; bractea
oblique, oval, adpressed to the ovarium ; limb of calyx nearly
entire ; petals 5, swelled out at the base into a fleshy triquetrous
body, recurved at the apex ; stamens 5 ; anthers obovate ; style
angular ; berry oblong. fj . P. S. Native of the East Indies,
parasitical on trees, in Silhet. Loranthus pentaphyllus, Roxb.
fl. ind. 2. p. 211. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 109. Wall. pi. rar. asiat.
3. t. 225. Flowers regular, small, red. Berry greenish yellow.
Leaves 3-4 inches long ; petioles 6 lines long. Racemes 6-8
inches long, red. Anthers inserted by the base.
Five-petalled Dendrophthoe. Shrub par.
1 1 D. ? RACEMI'FERUS ; branches terete, glabrous, clothed
with rufous villi in the young state, as well as the peduncles ;
leaves opposite or alternate, on short petioles, oblong-lanceolate,
bluntish at the base, and acutish at the apex, glabrous ; racemes
axillary, spicate, simple, length of leaves ; bracteas cucullate,
lateral, one under each flower ; petals 4, triquetrous at the base.
T? . P. S. Native of the East Indies, in the Burman empire, at
Amherst and Tavoy. Loranthus racemiferus. Wall. mss. Very
like D. pentapetalus, but differs in the flowers being tetran-
drous.
Raceme-bearing Dendrophthoe. Shrub par.
12 D. COCCINEUS; glabrous; branches elongated ; leaves al-
ternate, on short petioles, oblong-ovate, obtuse, somewhat cor-
date at the base ; spikes axillary, 1-2-together, erect, longer
than the leaves ; flowers sessile, with one bractea under each ;
limb of calyx nearly entire ; corolla tubular ; petals 4, linear,
dilated at the base ; anthers adnate ; flowers tetrandrous. f? .
P. S. Native of the East Indies, in Singapore. Loranthus
coccmeus, Jack, mal. misc. 1. p. 8. and in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p.
215. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 102. Corolla scarlet. Berry ovate.
Said to be allied to D. pentapetalus.
Scarlet-fiovfered Dendrophthoe. Shrub par.
§ 2. Flowers tubular, slender, 4-cleft, disposed in racemes, rvit/t
one bractea under each flower. Many of the plants in this sec-
tion are probably species of Scurrula.
13 D. OBTE'CTUS ; branches terete ; branchlets compressed,
velvety, as well as the young leaves ; leaves opposite, on short
3 H 2
420
LORANTHACE&:. VIII. DENDROPHTHOE.
petioles, elliptic-lanceolate, at length glabrous ; flowers in fas-
cicles from the axils of the leaves, velvety from dense rufous
pubescence, as well as the racemules and peduncles ; bracteas
lateral, ovate, one under each flower ; limb of calyx hardly any ;
corolla tubular, arched : lobes 4, oblong ; anthers erect. Tj . P. S.
Native of the Burmese Empire, on Mount Taong-Dong, near
Ava. Loranthus obtectus, Wall. mss. Leaves 2 inches long
and an inch broad ; petioles 1| inch long. Corolla 4-cleft, 10-
1 1 lines long. Stigma hardly capitate.
Covered Dendrophthoe. Shrub par.
1 4 D. RECU'RVUS ; branches terete, adult ones glabrous ;
leaves alternate, petiolate, elliptic, obtuse, acute at the base,
smoothish ; peduncles axillary and lateral, branched, 2-3-
flowered, and are, as well as the flowers, velvety ; flowers re-
curved ; bracteas broad, obliquely cupulate, one under each
flower; limb of calyx cup-shaped, toothed; alabastra terete ;
lobes 5, oblong ; flowers tetrandrous. t? . P. G. Native of the
East Indies, on the Nelligherry mountains, where it was collected
by Noton. Loranthus recurvus, Wall. mss. Leaves 2 inches
long and 15 lines broad ; petioles 3-4 lines long. Alabastra 6
lines long. Anthers oblong, inserted by the base. Style filiform.
Stigma hardly capitate.
Recurved- flowered Dendrophthoe. Shrub par.
1 5 D. LEPTA'NTHUS ; branches terete, while young as well as
the leaves white from velvety down ; leaves opposite, or rather
alternate, petiolate, oval, obtuse at both ends, at length glabrous ;
racemes short, axillary, and are, as well as the flowers, velvety
from white tomentum ; tube of corolla long, terete, somewhat
incurved : lobes 4, nearly equal, spreading; flowers tetrandrous.
Tj . P. S. Native of the Burmese empire, at the river Irrawaddy,
near Yenangenn. Loranthus leptanthus, Wall. mss. var. rotundi-
folia, D. C. coll. mem. vi t. 5. Corolla 4-cleft, 15-17 lines long.
Anthers linear, erect. The species is allied to D. pulverutentus.
Delicate-Jlonercd Dendrophthoe. Shrub par.
16 D. VERRUGI'NEUS ; branches long, pendulous, densely
clothed with ferruginous down when young, as well as the under
side of leaves, pedicels, calyxes, and corollas ; leaves opposite,
on short petioles, elliptic, obtuse, coriaceous, glabrous above ;
peduncles 1-4 together in the axils of the leaves, 2-6-flowered ;
bracteas small, adpressed to the ovavia, one to each ; corolla
tubular, deeply 4-parted ; berry ovate ; flowers tetrandrous. ^ .
P. S. Native of the East Indies, in Pulo-Penang, Singapore,
and Sumatra. Loranthus ferrugineus, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 207,
Jacq. mal. misc. 1. p. 9. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 98. Corolla
densely clothed with rusty hairs, 7 lines long.
Rusty Dendrophthoe. Shrub par.
17 D. GRACILIFLORUS ; branches compressed, at length terete,
glabrous ; leaves opposite, on short petioles, elliptic-oblong,
acute at both ends, at length glabrous ; racernules axillary, 5-7-
flowered, somewhat umbellate ; bracteas lateral, small, acute,
one under each flower ; corolla whitish from velvety down,
slender, 4-lobed : lobes linear. Tj . P. S. Native of the East
Indies, in Silhet. Loranthus graciliflorus, Wall. mss. Loranthus
gracilifolius, Schultes, syst. 7. p. 99. Leaves an inch and a
half long, and 6-9 lines broad. Corolla 5 lines long, 4-cleft,
with the tube tetragonal at the base. Anthers inserted by the
base. Allied to D. liguslrlnus.
Slender-flowered Dendrophthoe. Shrub par.
18 D. HE'VNEI ; branches terete, glabrous in the adult state ;
leaves opposite, on short petioles, oval, bluntish, rather velvety
beneath from rufescent down ; peduncles axillary, in fascicles,
or branched, much shorter than the leaves, and are, as well as
the flowers, clothed with rufous velvety down ; bracteas lateral,
small, one under each flower; corolla very slender, tubular,
terete, 4-lobed : lobes oblong, short. Tj. P. S. Native of the
East Indies. Loranthus Heynei, Wall. mss.
Heyne's Dendrophthoe. Shrub par.
19 D. ATROPURPU'REUS : branches nearly terete, somewhat
canescent ; leaves nearly opposite, oval, obtuse at both ends,
rather oblique at the base, obsoletely and undulately repand,
white from scurf beneath ; racemes crowded, axillary ; limb of
calyx quite entire, very short ; flowers 4-parted ; fruit subco-
nical. Jj . P. S. Native of Java, upon trees. Loranthus atro-
purpureus, Blum. bijd. p. 669. fl. jav. 2. t. 1. exclusive of var.
/3, batav. verhandl. 1823. p. 186. ex litt. 1829. Flowers small,
clothed with white scurf on the outside, but dark purple inside.
Dark-purple Dendrophthoe. Shrub par.
20 D. REPA'NDUS ; branchlets somewhat compressed, clothed
with rusty lepidotted down ; leaves nearly opposite, oval or ob-
ovate, obtuse, equal at the base, repand, clothed with lep-
rous fuscescent down beneath ; racemules crowded, axillary ;
corolla slender, 4-toothed, covered with brown scurf on the out-
side : lobes or teeth short, equal. Jj . P. S. Native of Java,
about Batavia, on trees. Loranthus repandus, Blum, in litt.
1829. Blum. fl. jav. 2. t. 3. This species comes very near
D. atropurpureus, but differs in the leaves being more attenuated
at the base, and in the flowers being smaller.
/?e/)ond-leaved Dendrophthoe. Shrub par.
21 D. SCHULTE'SII ; branches terete, clothed with lepidotted
rusty down at the top ; leaves nearly opposite, obtuse at both
ends, or rather cordate at the base, pale, and ochraceously lepi-
dotted beneath ; racemes crowded, axillary ; flowers 4-parted,
rusty on the outside. Tj . P. S. Native of the interior of Java,
in temperate places. Loranthus lepidotus, Schultes, syst. 7. p.
100. but not of Blume. Loranthus melanost&mon, Reinw. ined.
ex Schultes, syst. 7. p. 100. Loranthus Schultesii, Blume, in
litt. 1829. fl. jav. 2. t. 2. Flowers brownish. Anthers black.
Schultes's Dendrophthoe. Shrub par.
22 D. SPHENOIDES ; branches terete, glabrous ; leaves nearly
opposite, cuneiform, roundly obtuse, when young covered with
rusty scurf, at length glabrous on both surfaces ; peduncles
crowded, axillary, bearing 3-5 flowers, in fascicles ; alabastra
terete, globose at the apex, hardly 4-toothed. Tj . P. S. Native
of Java, in the province of Bantam, on trees. Loranthus sphen-
oides, Blum, in litt. 1829. fl. jav. 2. t. 4. Loranthus atropur-
pureus var. cuneatus, Blum, bljdr. p. 660. Very nearly allied
to D. atropurpureus, but differs in the figure of the leaves, and
in the shorter more crowded peduncles.
Sphenoid- flowered Dendrophthoe. Shrub par.
23 D. CINNAHOMEUS ; branches terete, when young velvety
from rufous down, as well as the peduncles and flowers ; leaves
opposite, on short petioles, lanceolate, acute, glabrous ; flowers
3-5 in a fascicle in the axils of the leaves, on short pedicels ;
corolla clavate, truncate at the apex ; style clavate. \i . P. S.
Native of the East Indies, in Silhet. Loranthus cinnamomeus,
Wall. mss. D. C. coll. mem. vi. t. 6. Leaves 27 lines long and
10-11 broad. Corolla 6-7 lines long.
Cinnamon-coloured Dendrophthoe. Shrub par.
24 D. CHRYSA'NTHUS ; branches terete, glabrous, compressed
when young ; leaves oval, on short petioles, blunt at both ends,
or rather cordate at the base, covered with fuscous scurf; but
when young clothed with dense ferruginous tomentum, as well
as the branches and flowers ; peduncles solitary or crowded,
axillary, bearing 3-5 flowers ; corolla cylindrical, truncate ;
anthers 4. fj. P. S. Native of Java, on the mountains
in the province of Bantam. Loranthus chrysanthus, Blum, in
litt. 1829. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 300. Allied to D. cinnamomeus,
but the flowers are shorter.
Golden-flowered Dendrophthoe. Shrub par.
25 D. CUNEA'TUS ; branches terete, velvety from rufous down
while young, as well as the leaves and flowers ; leaves opposite
or alternate, obovate-cuneated, very blunt, at length glabrous ;
LORANTHACEjE. VIII. DENDROPIITIIOE. IX. PHTHIRUSA. X. SCURRULA.
421
peduncles axillary, 3-5-flowered ; bracteas lateral, cucullate,
one to eacli flower ; corolla cylindrical, truncate at the apex ;
style clavate. J? • P. S. Native of the East Indies, at Marta-
ban, on the banks of the Irrawaddy. Loranthus cuneatus, Wall,
mss. Heyne, ex Roth, nov. spec. p. 193. Anthers probably
5, but in the younger flowers they are glued together, and with
the stigma. Corolla 6 lines long, velvety on the outside. This,
with the preceding species, may hereafter form a distinct genus,
or at least a separate section.
Cuneated-leaved Dendrophthoe. Shrub par.
Cult. Like the rest of the genera of this order, the species
are not cultivable in gardens. They are showy plants, with the
habit of honeysuckle.
IX. PHTHIRU'SA (from $6eip<a, phtheiro, to destroy ; the
species destroy the trees on which they grow), Mart, in D. C.
prod. 4. p. 672. Loranthus, sect. Clandestini, D. C. prod. 4. p.
287.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Flowers hermaphrodite,
4-parted, furnished with 3 jagged bracteas 'each, some of them
crowded in the axils of the leaves. Anthers fixed by the back,
ovate. Styles short ; stigma capitate. Berry ovate. Flowers
smell, axillary, sessile, or in axillary racemes.
1 P. CLANDESTI'NA ; glabrous ; branches compressedly tetra-
gonal while young ; leaves opposite, obovate, coriaceous ; flowers
axillary, solitary, sessile, small ; petals 4, concave ; anthers
ovate ; berries oblong. Tj . P. S. Native of Brazil, in the pro-
vince of Para, in woods. Loranthus clandestinus, Mart, in
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 96. Flowers hardly half a line long.
Bracteas suborbicular, jagged, one under each flower. Stamens
shorter than the petals, but equal in length to the style. The
anthers are said to be almost sessile.
Clandestine-fiowereH Phthirusa. Shrub par.
2 P. ? SALICIFOLIA ; branches compressedly tetragonal above ;
leaves opposite, lanceolate, acuminated, glaucous, coriaceous ;
racemes solitary, axillary, 3 times shorter than the leaves ;
pedicels 3-flowered, short, bearing 3 bracteas at the apex ;
petals 4, linear-lanceolate ; anthers roundish-ovate. Jj . P. S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes. Loranthus
salicifolius, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 102. Flowers small,
probably dioecious.
Willow-leaved Phthirusa. Shrub par.
3 P. ? LUCARQUE'NSIS ; plant glabrous, much branched ;
branches terete ; leaves petiolate, roundish-elliptic, acute, round-
ed at the base, somewhat membranous, veiny, with the middle
nerve rather prominent ; racemes axillary and terminal, few-
flowered ; flowers almost sessile, scattered, bractless ; petals 4,
oblong, rather concave ; anthers unknown. Tj . P. S. Native
of Peru, in temperate parts near Lucarque. Loranthus Lucar-
quensis, H. B. et Kuntli, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 440. Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 102. Leaves an inch long, and 9-10 lines broad ;
petioles 4-5 lines long. Racemes 3 lines long. Flowers minute,
of a whitish yellow colour.
Lucarque Phthirusa. Shrub par.
Cull. The species of tliis genus do not possess any beauty,
and are not cultivable in the gardens.
X. SCU'RRULA (a diminutive of Scurra, a parasite ; plants
parasitical on trees). Loranthus, sect. iii. Scurrula, D. C. prod.
4. p. 301.
LIN. SYST. Tetra-Pentdndria, Monogynia. Flowers herma-
phrodite. Petals 4-5, joined together into a long tube, which
is divided at the apex into 4 or 5 short unilateral lobes, usually
gibbous at the base, opening by a longitudinal fissure as in Lobelia.
Stamens 4-5 ; filaments adhering a long way to the corolla, but
free at the, apex; anthers fixed by the base, seldom by the
back, to the top of the filaments, oblong, erect. Style filiform
or clavate ; stigma capitate. Peduncles axillary, few-flowered,
or racemose, having a solitary bractea under each flower, which
is usually pressed to the ovarium.
§ 1. Flowers tetrandrous. Corolla ^-parted.
1 S. ROXBU'RGHH ; branches terete, glabrous ; leaves oppo-
site, ovate, subcordate, white from soft down beneath ; peduncles
crowded in the axils of the leaves, very short, simple or branched,
1 or few-rlowered ; bractea adpressed to the ovarium, which is
turbinate ; alabastra cylindrical, 4-lobed at the apex, and
having the tube cleft longitudinally. ^ . P. S. Native of
Malabar, and probably of China, if the synonyme of Linnaeus
does not appertain to S. Chin6nsis. Loranthus Scurrula, Lin.
spec. 472. Roxb. cor. 2. t. 140. Corolla of a rusty grey colour
and mealy on the outside, but dark purple inside.
Roxburgh's Scurrula. Shrub par.
2 S. CHINE'NSIS ; branchlets and young leaves clothed with
rusty villi : the rest glabrous ; leaves opposite, ovate, on short
petioles, coriaceous, obtuse, cuneated at the base ; peduncles
axillary, very short, bearing 2-5 umbellate pedicellate flowers;
bractea ovate, small, under the ovarium ; limb of calyx truncate ;
corolla clavate, and curved in the bud, cleft longitudinally on
one side ; lobes of corolla 4, linear, short, reflexed. T? . P. G.
Native of China, where it was collected by Sir George Staunton.
Loranthus Chinensis, D. C. coll. mem. vi. t. 7.
Chinese Scurrula. Shrub par.
3 S. PULVERULE'NTA ; the younger parts of the plant are clothed
with mealy stellate tomentutn; branches terete ; leaves opposite,
petiolate, broad-ovate, acute, at length glabrous ; racemes lateral,
tomentose, in fascicles ; flowers pedicellate ; tube of corolla long,
terete, curved, cleft at the apex into 4 short unilateral reflexed
lobes. Ij.P. G. Native of Nipaul, on trees at Hetounra, and along
the banks of the river Rapti. Loranthus pulverulentus, Wall,
in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 221. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 99. Petioles
an inch long. Leaves 5-7 inches long. Corolla more than an
inch long, mealy outside. Berry large, club-shaped, mealy.
Pondered Scurrula. Shrub par.
4 S. FASCICULAVTA ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves oppo-
site, or somewhat verticillate, obovate, veiny above, but veinless
beneath, coriaceous ; fascicles lateral, few-flowered ; lobes of
corolla 4, reflexed, secund ; style longer than the exserted sta-
mens, fy . P. S. Native of Java, near Linga Jattie, in the pro-
vince of Cheribon, on trees. Loranthus fascicul&tus, Blum,
bijdr. p. 661. Loranthus odoratus, Blum, bijdr. p. 663. does
not differ from this species according to the author.
Fascicled-Rowered Scurrula. Shrub par.
5 S. FU'SCA ; glabrous ; branches terete, rather angular in the
young state ; leaves opposite, on short petioles, obovate, and
oval, acute at the base, coriaceous, beset with rusty dots be-
neath while young; peduncles axillary, 1-2-flowered; corolla
cleft on one side, having 4 erect lobes. V} . P. S. Native of
Java, on Mounts Salak and Cede, on trees. Loranthus fiiscus,
Blum, bijdr. p. 660. Genitals dark purple. Stigma capitate.
See Blum. bat. verhandl. 1823. p. 190.
Fuscous Scurrula. Shrub par.
C S. UMBE'LLIFER; glabrous; branches terete ; leaves oppo-
site, oblong-lanceolate, on short petioles, acute at the base ;
peduncles in fascicles, axillary, and lateral, pubescent, 3- flowered,
subumbellate ; corolla very long, slender, cleft into 4 linear re-
flexed segments at the apex ; stigma clavate. fj . P. S. Native
of Nipaul, on Mount Sheopore. Loranthus umbellifer, Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 97. Loranthus umbellatus, Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2.
p. 222. but not of Roth. Corolla of a bright red colour, curved,
pubescent. Peduncles clothed with ferruginous tomentum.
Umbel-bearing Scurrula. Shrub par.
7 S. CORDIFOLIA ; branches terete, villous, mealy while young;
422
LORANTHACE^E. X. SCURRULA.
leaves opposite, ovate-cordate, obtuse, villous on both surfaces,
petiolate ; racemes fascicled, villous, axillary ; corolla tubular,
clavate, villous, cleft at the apex into 4 short lanceolate lobes.
lj . P. G. Native of the East Indies, at Shreenagur. Loranthus
cordifolius, Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 222. Schultes, syst. 7. p.
100. D. Don, prod. fl. nip. p. 143. New shoots, as well as all
the tender parts of the plant, covered with pale or white stellate
tomentum. Petioles an inch long. Corolla an inch long.
Cordate-leaved Scurrula. Shrub par.
8 S. BUDLEIOIDES ; branches terete, velvety when young ;
leaves usually opposite, ovate, on short petioles, glabrous above,
and clothed with fine velvety down beneath ; fascicles of flowers
axillary, on short peduncles, hardly longer than the petioles ;
bracteas ovate, small, one under each flower ; tube of corolla
arched, clothed with rusty velvety down, cleft into 4 linear-cu-
neated unequal lobes. Jj . P. S. Native of the East Indies.
S. budleioides, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 600. Schultes, syst. 7.
p. 97.
Budleia-like Scurrula. Shrub par.
9 S. BIFLORA ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves petiolate,
ovate-roundish, thickish ; peduncles axillary, 1-2, bifid, a little
shorter than the petioles ; bractea ovate, girding the base of the
ovarium ; bud of corolla slender, somewhat clavate at the apex,
arched, clothed with rufous velvety down. ^ . P. S. Native
of the East Indies. Loranthus biflorus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3.
p. 600. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 119. Corolla 4-lobed.
Tmo-Jlomered Scurrula. Shrub par.
10 S. PHILIPPE'NSIS ; branches terete, velvety from short
down when young, as well as the peduncles, bracteas, calyxes,
and corollas ; leaves on short petioles, oval, rather pubescent,
obtuse at both ends ; flowers few, in fascicles, axillary, on short
pedicels ; bractea ovate, concave, small, under the ovarium ;
limb of calyx truncate ; corolla cylindrical, cleft into 4 linear
nearly equal lobes at the apex ; style filiform, fj . P. S. Native
of the Philippine Islands. Loranthus Philippinsis, Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 204. Leaves 3 inches long and an
inch broad. Corolla 7-8 lines long. Stigma small, capitate.
Anthers linear, erect.
Philippine Scurrula. Shrub par.
11 S. VESTI'TA ; branches terete ; branchlets, petioles, under
side of leaves, peduncles, bracteas, and flowers, clothed witli
rusty, mealy, velvety, stellate tomentum ; leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, acute, shining above, and glabrous ; fascicles of flowers
numerous, on short peduncles in the axils of the fallen leaves ;
bractea concave, small under the ovarium ; limb of calyx some-
what 4-toothed ; corolla cylindrical, 4-cleft ; lobes of corolla 4,
linear, unilateral, reflexed. fj . P. G. Native of Nipaul, on
the mountains of Chandagiri and Sheopore. Loranthus vesthus,
Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 218. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p.
143. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 3. t. 230. Plant stout. Fascicles
numerous, few-flowered, in the axils of the fallen leaves. Co-
rolla cylindrical, with a subglobular apex before expansion,
afterwards its limb bursts into 4 linear reflexed segments. On
the outside the flower is rust or cinnamon coloured, and within
purple and smooth. Berry oblong, tomentose.
Clothed Scurrula. Shrub par.
12 S. L.EVIGATA; branches terete, glabrous, when young
compressed ; leaves petiolate, opposite, elliptic-oblong, obtuse,
glabrous, smooth ; peduncles axillary, branched, 7-8-flowered,
4 times shorter than the leaves, and are, as well as the flowers,
rather velvety from rusty down ; bractea lateral, small ; tube of
corolla terete, cleft on one side : lobes 4, oblong. ^ . P. S.
Native of the East Indies, at Tavoy, in the Burmese Empire. Lo-
ranthus Iffivigatus, Wall. mss. Flowerbud 7-8 lines long,
regular while young. Anthers erect. Stigma rather capitate.
Smooth Scurrula. Shrub par.
13 S. RUFI'DULA ; branches terete, glabrous in the adult state,
but when young angularly subcompressed ; leaves opposite, pe-
tiolate, elliptic-oblong, acutish, glabrous, or clothed with rufous
velvety down on the nerves beneath ; bractea lateral, small, con-
cave ; corolla with a terete tube, and 4 oblong lobes. I? . P. S.
Native of the East Indies, at Tavoy, in the Burmese Empire.
Loranthus rigidulus, Wall. mss. This is hardly distinct from
S. Itzvigata.
Small-rufous Scurrula. Shrub par.
14 S. LEPIDOTA ; branches terete, compressed while young,
beset with velvety dots at first, but at length glabrous ; leaves
nearly opposite, oval, beset with rusty dots beneath ; corolla 4-
cleft, curved, elongated, covered with rusty dots : lobes reflexed,
unilateral. Tj. P. S. Native of the western parts of Java, on
the higher ranges of mountains. Loranthus lepidotus, Blum,
bijdr. p. 660. bat. verh. 1823. p. 192. but not of Schultes.
Lepidoted Scurrula. Shrub par.
15 S. RUGULOSA; glabrous; branchlets rather compressed,
but at length terete ; leaves opposite or alternate, on very short
petioles, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, glaucous, reticulately wrink-
led, with smooth cartilaginous margins ; racemes axillary, oppo-
site, simple, shorter than the leaves ; bracteas concave, one at
the side of each ovarium ; corolla tubular, arched : limb of 4
lanceolate lobes, f? . P. S. Native of the East Indies. Lo-
ranthus rugulosus, Roth, nov. spec. p. 194. Schultes, syst. 7. p.
101. Corolla nearly an inch and a half long.
Wrinhled-]eaved Scurrula. Shrub par.
1 6 S. CORYNIVTIS ; leaves opposite, broad-lanceolate ; flowers
axillary, few, aggregate, tetrandrous ; corolla irregular, 4-cleft ;
berry clavate. I; . P. S. Native of the East Indies, in Silhet,
parasitical on Averrhoo, Carambbla. Loranthus corynitis, Spreng.
cur. post. p. 140. Loranthus clavatus, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 210.
but not of Lam. The rest unknown.
C7u6-flowered Scurrula. Shrub par.
17 S. ? OBOVA'TUS ; leaves nearly opposite, obovate, glabrous ;
racemules crowded, axillary ; flowers tetrandrous ; tube of corolla
elongated. Pj . P. S. Native of Java, about Linga Jattie, on
trees. Loranthus obovatus, Blum, bijdr. p. 663.
Obovate-leaved Scurrula. Shrub par.
§2. Flowers pentandrous. Corolla 5-lobed.
* Species natives of Africa,
18 S. THONNI'NGII ; branches terete, compressed at the apex ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, somewhat acuminated, coriaceous, gla-
brous and dark green above, somewhat canescent beneath from
almost imperceptible down, as well as the branchlets ; peduncles
1-3, axillary, short, bearing each 3-4 umbellate flowers on short
pedicels ; bracteas small, ovate, lateral, one under each pedicel ;
fruit ovate. Tj . P. S. Native of Guinea, where it was col-
lected by Thonning. Loranthus Thonnfngii, D. C. prod. 4. p.
303. Loranthus clavatus, Thonn. mss. but not of Lam. Flowers
unknown.
Thonning's Scurrula. Shrub par.
19 S. RUFE'SCENS ; branches terete, rather compressed at the
apex ; young leaves, peduncles, and flowers clothed with rusty
down ; leaves petiolate, oval, obtuse at both ends, coriaceous ;
peduncles 1-3 together, shorter than the petioles, bearing 2-3 1-
flowered pedicels ; bracteas lateral, oblong, 1 under each pedicel ;
flower-bud pentagonal at the apex ; frnit ovate. Tj . P. S. Na-
tive of Senegambia, near Nghianga, on trees. Loranthus ru-
fescens, D. C. prod. 4. p. 303. Alabastra 3 lines long. Calyx
truncately urceolate. Very nearly allied to S. Thonningii.
Rufescent Scurrula. Shrub par.
20 S. SESSILIFOLIA ; glabrous ; branches terete, simple ; leaves
sessile, opposite, ovate-roundish, cordate at the base ; flowers
LORANTHACE^E. X. SCURRULA.
423
many in the axils, fascicled, sessile, deflexed ; corolla tumid at
the base, narrowed above, cleft longitudinally, hence it is ex-
panded into a 5-lobed ligula on one side. fy . P. S. Native of
Africa, at Koto or Keta. Loranthus sessilifolius, Beauv. fl.
d'ow. 2. p. 8. t. 23. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 108. The anthers are
delineated in the figure versatile.
Sessile-leaved Scurrula. Shrub par.
21 S. BELVISII; glabrous; branches simple, terete; leaves
on short petioles, nearly opposite and alternate, broad ovate-
lanceolate, acute ; peduncles very short, axillary, numerous,
fascicled, 1 -flowered, deflexed ; corolla tumid at the base, nar-
rowed above, cleft laterally, expanded into a 5-lobed ligula at
the apex ; anthers somewhat versatile. ^ . P. S. Native of
Africa, in the kingdom of Waree, at Chamaor Sama. Loranthus
Belvisii, D. C. prod. 4. p. 303. Loranthus lanceolatus, Beauv.
fl. d'ow. 2. p. 8. t. 64. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 108. but not of Ruiz
et Pav.
Belvis's Scurrula. Shrub par.
22 S. PENTAGONIA ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves on
short petioles, ovate or lanceolate, coriaceous, almost veinless,
glaucous ; flowers 4-5, in the axils of the leaves, sessile, crowded ;
bractea calyciform under the ovarium ; corolla tumid at the base,
and contracted under the middle, clavate, and pentagonal at the
apex before expansion, but at length expanded into a 5-lobed
ligula ; filaments inflexed ; style tumid and pentagonal under
the apex ; stigma capitate. 17 . P. S.' Native of Senegal, on
trees. Loranthus pentagonia, D. C. coll. mem. vi. t. 8. This
species is easily distinguished from the rest in the form of the
style and flower-bud. It is very like S. Belvisii.
Pentagonal-flowered Scurrula. Shrub par.
23 S. DODONE.EFOLIA ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves on
short petioles, elongated, oblong-linear, obtuse, attenuated at the
base, thick and coriaceous, glaucous, almost nerveless ; flowers
2-3 together, sessile, crowded ; bracteas cup-shaped, one under
each ovarium ; alabastra cylindrical ; corolla tumid at the base,
but somewhat constricted above, expanded into a 5-lobed ligula
at the apex ; filaments inflexed ; style tumid at the apex and
pentagonal; stigma capitate. Ij . P. S. Native of Senegal, on
the trunks of tamarind trees. Loranthus dodonesef olius, D. C.
coll. mem. vi. t. 9. Allied to S. penlagonia.
Dodoncea-leaved Scurrula. Shrub par.
24 S. GLAU'CA ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves alternate,
opposite, and 3 in a whorl, oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse,
covered with a glaucous bloom ; peduncles axillary, erect, bear-
ing each 3 flowers at the apex, on short pedicels ; corolla rather
tumid at the base, constricted in the middle, and divided at the
apex into 5 linear revolute lobes ; anthers linear, erect, f? . P.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Loranthus glaucus,
Thunb. fl. cap. p. 295. but not Ruiz et Pav. Schultes, syst. 7.
p. 1 04. Moquinia rubra, Spreng. ex Zeyh. in herb. Moricand.
Habit almost of S. oleaefblia, but differs in the anthers being
long and linear, not oval, and in the stamens being free, not con-
crete.
Var. ft, Burchellii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 303.) leaves more re-
mote and narrower, and less glaucous in the dried state. Jj . P.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burch. cat. pi. afr.
austr. no. 2887.
Glaucous Scurrula. Shrub par.
25 S. OLE^EFOLIA ; branches terete ; leaves opposite, oblong,
silky, bluntish, feather-nerved ; peduncles axillary, very short,
bearing each 3 almost sessile flowers at the apex ; corolla tumid
at the base, and narrowed above, tubular, 5-lobed : lobes short,
deflexed ; stamens monadelphous ; anthers oblong, fixed by the
base. Pj . P. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Loran-
thus oleaefolius, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 3. p. 209.
Lichtensteinia oleeefolia, Wencll. coll. 2. p. 4. t. 39. Loranthus
speciosus, Dietr. Corolla red. Ovarium 1-celled ; cell pen-
tagonal, 1-seeded, ex Cham, et Schlecht. not 5-seeded.
Olive-leaved Scurrula. Shrub par.
26 S. CANE'SCENS ; every part of the plant is canescent ;
leaves oval, obtuse, small. fj . P. 8. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, in arid places on the branches of Lycium. Loranthus
canescens, Burch. cat. geogr. 1119. trav. afr. 2. p. 90.
Canescent Scurrula. Shrub par.
27 S. CLAVA'TA ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves opposite,
on short petioles, oval, obtuse, coriaceous, almost veinless, rusty
beneath ; peduncles many, crowded, very short, in the axils of
the leaves, dilated under the apex into a somewhat discoid brac-
tea ; limb of calyx 5-toothed ; alabastra cylindrical, clavate ;
corolla at length cleft laterally, 5-lobed ; style striately angular.
Jj . P. S. Native of Madagascar. Loranthus clavatus, Lam.
diet. 3. p. 598. but not of Roxb. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 106.
Filaments of stamens adnate a long way to the corolla ; anthers
oblong, erect, terminal.
CVavate-flowered Scurrula. Shrub par.
* * Species natives of Asia.
28 S. H«NKEAVNA ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves petio-
late, lanceolate-oblong, obtuse or acuminated, coriaceous, obso-
letely veined ; peduncles from the forks of the branches erect,
bearing 3-flowered pedicels ; bracteas ovate, concave, one under
each ovarium ; calyx pubescent, entire ; corolla tubular, cleft
laterally on one side : lobes 5, linear, reflexed. 1? . P. S. Na-
tive of the island of Luzon. Loranthus Hsenke&nus, Presl, in
herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 304. Schultes, syst. 7. p.
113. Leaves 3-6 inches long, and 1^ to 2 inches broad, on
petioles 8-10 lines long. Corolla 3-4 lines long, glabrous. Calyx
reddish.
Haenke' s Scurrula. Shrub par.
29 S. MALIFOLIA ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves ovate,
acute, petiolate, coriaceous, obsoletely veined ; peduncles axil-
lary, solitary, reflexed, bearing a dense umbel of flowers ; pedi-
cels and calyxes clothed with rusty pubescence ; limb of calyx
nearly entire ; corolla 5-cleft beyond the middle, and somewhat
laterally cleft; lobes linear, reflexed. Ij . P. S. Native of the
island of Luzon. Loranthus malifolius, Presl, in herb. Haenke,
ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 304. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 113. Perhaps
sufficiently distinct from S. Haenkeana.
Apple-leaved Scurrula. Shrub par.
30 S. LONGIFLORA ; glabrous ; leaves oval-oblong, obtuse,
veiny, coriaceous : upper ones rather cordate at the base ; racemes
axillary, simple, short, subcorymbose ; bracteas concave, one
under each ovarium ; limb of calyx entire: corolla long, clavate,
contracted beneath the limb : lobes 5, unequal, cuneated. J? . P.
S. Native of Malabar and Pondicherry. Loranthus longi-
florus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 498. Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2.
p. 217. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 112. Walli-Iti-canni, Rheed. mal.
10. p. 5. t. 4. Flowers purple, curved, 20 lines long. Anthers
linear, inserted by the base.
Long -flowered Scurrula. Shrub par.
31 S. INCARNA'TA ; plant while young beset with deciduous
stellate down ; leaves alternate, on short petioles, broad-ovate,
acute, nerved ; racemes rising beneath the leaves, hoary from
wool ; flowers nearly sessile, each furnished with 1 bractea ; limb
of calyx 5-toothed ; tube of corolla gibbous at the base, but con-
stricted a little above the base : limb 5-parted : lobes reflexed ;
stigma clavate. J? . P. S. Native of the East Indies, in the
island of Pulo Nias. Loranthus incarnatus, Jack, in Roxb. fl.
ind. 2. p. 213. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 111. Leaves 9 inches long.
Corolla above 2 inches long, slightly tomentose without, pale
rosy, with a greenish limb ; tube gibbous below, contracted a
little above the base, then widening upwards till it suffers a
424
LORANTHACE^E. X. SCURRULA.
second contraction before expansion into the limb, which is about
a fourth the length of the tube, 5-parted, with reflexed seg-
ments. Berry mealy, ovate, 1-seeded. This is a beautiful species.
Flesh-coloured-Rowered Scurrula. Shrub par.
32 S. E'LEOANS ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves oppo-
site, or nearly alternate, oblong, obtuse, somewhat cuneated at
the base, with undulated margins, almost veinless, coriaceous ;
racemes axillary, short, twin or tern, erect, 5-7-flowered ; corolla
terete, somewhat incurved, S-lobed : lobes linear, spreadingly
reflexed, nearly equal ; style exserted beyond the anthers. fj .
P. S. Native of the East Indies, near Yenangenn. Loranthus
elegans, Wall. cat. no. 530. Leaves 2 inches long, and 9 lines
broad. Corolla glabrous, an inch and a half long, red. Anthers
linear, erect. Calyx truncate. Bracteas lateral, small, one un-
der each ovarium.
Elegant Scurrula. Shrub par.
33 S. CYLI'NDRICA ; glabrous ; leaves alternate, petiolate, lan-
ceolate, acute at both ends, smooth, nerved ; racemes axillary,
stiff, length of the leaves ; flowers pedicellate, rather distant
from each other, each girded at the base by a bractea on
the outer side; limb of calyx almost entire; limb of corolla
much longer than the tube, which is cylindrical, with re-
flexed segments. J? . P. S. Native of Sumatra. Loranthus
cylindricus, Jack, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 213. Schultes, syst. 7.
p. 110. D. C. prod. 4. p. 305. Leaves 4-5 inches long ; pe-
tioles about an inch long. Corolla red, perfectly cylindrical,
before expansion, 5-petalled : limb reflexed, 3 times as long as
the tube ; petals linear, separating almost to the base. Ovarium
cylindrical, 1-seeded. Flowers sometimes tetrandrous.
Cylindrical- flowered Scurrula. Shrub par.
34 S. I'NDICA ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves nearly op-
posite, ovate-oblong, on short petioles, bluntish, feather-nerved ;
racemes axillary, or nearly terminal, solitary, simple, shorter than
the leaves ; flowers on short peduncles, each peduncle bearing
1-3 sessile flowers at the top, each flower propped by an ovate
bractea ; petals 5, linear, acute, hardly concrete at the base : the
border reflexed ; anthers linear, erect, f; . P. S. Native of the
island of Timor, and probably elsewhere in India. Loranthus
I'ndicus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 601. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 149.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 305. Lonicera Zeylanica, Gaertn. fruct. 1.
p. 137. t. 27.? Corolla purple, glabrous, 7-8 lines long.
Leaves 3 inches long, 1 or 1-y broad, on petioles, which are 2-3
lines long. Berry ovate.
Indian Scurrula. Shrub par.
35 S. TURBINA'TA ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves sub-
alternate, on short petioles, oval or oblong, obtuse or acutish,
thick ; peduncles axillary, 2-3-cleft, much shorter than the
leaves ; bracteas ovate, one under each ovarium, which is turbi-
nate ; limb of calyx unequally and bluntly 5-toothed. tj . P. S.
Native of the East Indies, on the Nelligherry mountains, where it
is called Mandjil, along with other species, by the natives.
Loranthus turbinatus, D. C. prod. 4. p. 305. Leaves 3 inches
long, and 12-16 lines broad; petioles 3-6 lines long. Corolla
unknown, and is only judged to belong to the present section of
the genus in the calyx being said to be 5-parted.
7W6mate-fruited Scurrula. Shrub par.
36 S. BI'COLOR ; glabrous ; leaves nearly opposite, on short
petioles, from oval to lanceolate, thick, undulated, hardly
veined ; racemes axillary, simple, solitary, many flowered ;
bracteas concave, cordate, small, one adpressed to each ovarium
on the outer side ; calyx cup-shaped, with an entire border ;
.corolla long, tubular, a little curved, swelling from the bottom
to within a third of the mouth, then contracting a little, with a
5-parted border : upper fissure much the deepest ; lobes linear,
reflexed towards one side; stigma clavate ; berry oblong,
smooth, 1 -celled, 1-seeded. ^ . P. S. Native of the East
Indies, frequent on trees. Loranthus bicolor, Roxb. cor. 2. p.
19. t. 139. fl. ind. 2. p. 205. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 109. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 805. Flowers the size and appearance, and much
like those of a honeysuckle, red at the base, and green at the
apex, nearly 1^ inch long. Anthers exserted, linear, fixed by
the base. Leaves from 3-5 inches long, and from ^ to 1 inch in
breadth.
Two-coluured-floviered. Scurrula. Shrub par.
57 S. FALCA'TA ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves oppo-
site, on short petioles, linear, glaucous, coriaceous, obtuse,
laterally falcate ; racemes axillary, few-flowered ; bracteas short,
one under each ovarium on one side; alabastra falcate, cylindri-
cal, pentagonal at the apex : lobes of corolla 5 ; anthers linear-
oblong, inserted by the base, fj . P. S. Native of Madras.
Loranthus faleatus, Lin. fil. suppl. 211. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 150.
The flowers are fulvous according to Linnaeus.
.Fa/cate-flowered Scurrula. Shrub par.
38 S. VENOSA ; glabrous; branches terete; leaves subalter-
nate or opposite, oval, attenuated at both ends, coriaceous, hav-
ing the veins blood coloured beneath ; racemes axillary, much
shorter than the leaves, rather canescent ; limb of calyx some-
what 5-toothed ; tube of corolla more or less cleft on one side :
lobes 5, reflexed, unilateral ; berries oblong-conical. Tj . P. S.
Native of Java, at Buitenzorg, upon trees. Loranthus venosus,
Blum, bijdr. p. 668. bat. verhandl. 1823. p. 188. Corolla 4-5
lines long. Leaves variable in form. Style a little longer than
the stamens; stigma capitate. Anthers linear, adnate. Blum.
I.e.
Veiny Scurrula. Shrub par.
39 S. PENTA'NBRA (Lin. mant. p. 63.) glabrous ; branches
terete ; leaves alternate, on short petioles, oblong, bluntish,
thickish ; racemes axillary, solitary, few-flowered, and are, as
well as the flowers, covered with velvety mealy down ; bracteas
ovate, one under each ovarium ; limb of calyx bluntly 5-toothed ;
bud of corolla cylindrical ; petals 5, linear. (7 . P. S. Native
of Java, on trees. Loranthus pentandrus, Lin. mant. p. 63.
Blum, bijdr. p. 661. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 110. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 305. Leaves 4 inches long, and an inch broad. Corolla 7
lines long, purplish inside. Anthers erect.
Far. fl,jlavus (Blum, bijdr. p. 661. under Loranthus) racemes
crowded ; tube of corolla inflated. fy . P. S. Native of Java,
on trees, about Buitenzorg.
Pentandrous Scurrula. Shrub par.
40 S. AMPLEXIFOLIA ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves ses-
sile, opposite, cordate at the base, orbicular, coriaceous, mar-
ginate ; flowers racemose ; bracteas rather concave, orbicular,
one under, each ovarium on one side ; corolla cylindrical, con-
tracted under the apex ; lobes oblong. I? . P. S. Native of
the East Indies, on the Nelligherry mountains, where it was col-
lected by Noton. Loranthus amplexifolius, D. C. prod. 4. p.
305. Loranthus amplexicaulis, Wall. mss. but not of Kunth.
Corolla 15 lines long, of a brownish purple colour. Anthers
linear, erect. Calyx truncate. Upper leaves 2 inches in dia-
meter.
Clasping-leaved Scurrula. Shrub par.
41 S. HETERA'NTHA; glabrous; branches terete, angular while
young ; leaves alternate, on short petioles, elliptic or lanceolate,
somewhat attenuated at both ends, thick, and coriaceous ; racemes
axillary, length of the leaves ; pedicels twice the length of the
calyx ; bracteas convex, short, one under each ovarium on the
outside ; bud of corolla nearly straight, somewhat pentagonal :
with 5 linear lobes ; anthers erect, linear, twice the length of the
filaments. Jj . P. S. Native of the East Indies, at Martaban.
Loranthus heteranthus, Wall. cat. no. 537. Leaves 4 inches
long, and 15-18 lines broad. Flowers 8-10 lines long. Calyx
truncate.
LORANTHACE^E. X. SCURRULA. XI. ELYTRANTHE.
425
Variable-flowered Scurrula. Shrub par.
42 S. PRJELO'NGA ; leaves alternate, oval, obtuse, tapering a
little at the base, glabrous, of the consistence of parchment ;
racemes axillary ; flowers secund ; tube of corolla very long,
clavate, angular. ^ . P. S. Native of Java, near Tjiradjas.
Loranthus praelongus, Blum, bijdr. p. 664. Schultes, syst. 7. p.
1 12. Allied to S. clavata and S. longiflbra. Tube of corolla yel-
low, nearly 3 inches long : lobes linear, channelled inside, greenish.
iono^-flowered Scurrula. Shrub par.
43 S. CURVA'TA ; leaves opposite or alternate, oblong, blunt-
ish, acute at the base, coriaceous, rather veiny, glabrous ; ra-
cemes axillary, solitary; tube of corolla elongated, curved : lobes
reflexed. Tj . P. S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak, parasiti-
cal on trees. Loranthus curvatus, Blum, bijdr. p. 665. Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 110. Tube of corolla nearly Ij inch long, yellow,
but having the limb of a pale orange colour. Anthers adnate,
elongated.
Curved- flowered Scurrula. Shrub par.
44 S. BRACTEAVTA ; every part of the plant clothed with grey
starry tomentum ; branches terete ; leaves small, alternate, ob-
ovate, obtuse, tapering to the base, on rather long petioles ; um-
bels axillary, 5-flowered ; bracteas oblong, tongue-shaped, one
under each ovarium ; corolla long, slender, cylindrical at the base,
but widening at the apex, with the throat contracted : lobes
linear, unilateral, much shorter than the tube. Jj . P. S. Native
of the East Indies. Loranthus bracteatus, Heyne, in Roxb. fl.
ind. 2. p. 220. Loranthus Heyneanus and L. tomentbsus,
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 105 and 106. Loranthus tomentosus, Roth,
nov. spec. p. 191. Umbels densely villous ; pedicels one-third
of an inch long.
Bracteate Scurrula. Shrub par.
45 S. GOODENI.EFOLIA ; branches terete, glabrous ; leaves
alternate, obovate-cuneated, obtuse, somewhat emarginate, ta-
pering into the petioles at the base, rather veiny, glabrous in the
adult state, but canescent in the young state from stellate deci-
duous down ; peduncles axillary, 2-3-flowered ; bracteas ovate,
acute, one under each ovarium ; tube of calyx pubescent, with
5 rather ciliated teeth ; corolla cylindrical, cleft on one side :
lobes 5, linear, reflexed, unilateral ; style filiform. fj . P. S.
Native of the East Indies, on the Nelligherry mountains, where
it is called Mandjil, and where it was collected by Leschenault.
Loranthus goodeniae folius, D. C. prod. 4. p. 306. Very nearly
allied to S. lobeliceflora.
Goodenia-flonered Scurrula. Shrub par.
46 S. LOBELUEFLORA ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves ob-
ovate-cuneated, obtuse, tapering into the petioles, sparingly
veined; pedicels 1-2, axillary, 1 -flowered, very short, spread-
ing ; bracteas ovate, acute, one under each ovarium ; tube of
calyx cylindrical, cleft on the inner side : lobes 5, linear, re-
flexed, unilateral ; style filiform. Tj . P. S. Native of the south
of India, where it is called Vira-marum and pile-rivi by the
natives, and where it was collected by Leschenault. Loranthus
lobeliasflorus, D. C. prod. 4. p. 306. Leaves an inch long, and
4 lines broad. Corolla an inch long, red in the dry state. Lo-
ranthus cuneatus, Roth, nov. spec. p. 193.?
Lobelia-flowered Scurrula. Shrub par.
47 S. ELA'STICA ; glabrous ; branches strong, columnar : in-
ternodes short ; leaves sessile, thick, ovate, acutish, obscurely
5-nerved; flowers almost sessile, in fascicles about the joints ;
tube of corolla cylindrical: having the limb beaked before ex-
pansion : segments linear, short, separating from the base up-
wards, revolute. T? . P. S. Native of Malabar. Loranthus
elasticus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 599. Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind.
2. p. 217. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 107. Belutta-Itti-cani, Rheed.
mal. 10. p. 7. t. 3. The leaves are remarkably thick, and ap-
pear both trinerved and triple-nerved.
VOL. III.
Elastic-Rowered Scurrula. Shrub par.
48 S. REINWARDTIANA; leaves opposite, oblong, attenuated
at both ends, coriaceous, veinless beneath ; peduncles crowded,
axillary, 1 -flowered ; tube of corolla very long, curved: lobes
linear, unilateral, at length circinnately revolute. fj . P. S.
Native of Java, on the mountains. Loranthus Reinwardtianus,
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 105. Loranthus coccineus, Reinw. in Blum,
bijdr. p. 664. but not of Jack.
Reinwardt's Scurrula. Shrub par.
49 S. KCENIGIA'NUS ; glabrous; leaves nearly opposite, on
short petioles, elliptic, veiny ; racemes axillary ; pedicels de-
flexed ; calyx rather truncate; corolla 5-cleft, clavate. fj . P. S.
Native of the East Indies. Loranthus Kcenigianus, Agardli, in
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 108.
Kcenig's Scurrula. Shrub par.
Cult. The species of this genus are easily distinguished from
the rest that are broken off from the old genus Loranthus in the
tube of the corolla being curved, and bulged at the base on one
side, as in Lobelia, cleft longitudinally on the upper side, and the
segments all leaning to the lower side, and reflexed. The
plants have the habit of honeysuckle, but are not cultivable.
XI. ELYTRA'NTHE (from eXvTpov, elytron, a case or sheath,
and avtioQ, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the joined bracteas
forming a sheath under the flower). Lepeostegeres and Ely-
tranthe species of Blum, in litt. 1829. Loranthus species of
authors. Loranthus, sect. iii. Symphyanthus, § 1-3-4 and 5.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 296—299.
LIN. SYST. Penta-Hexdndria, Monogynia. Flowers herma-
phrodite, pentamerous or hexamerous. Petals 5-6, joined to-
gether into a tube to the middle, and therefore divided to the
middle into a 5-6 cleft regular limb. Stamens 5-6 : filaments ad-
nate to the petals at the base, and free at the apex ; anthers
fixed by the base, erect. Style filiform ; stigma obtuse.
Racemes axillary : flowers bracteate.— This genus differs from
Struthdnthus in the corolla being gamopetalous, and from Den-
drophthbe, to which it comes nearest, in the flowers being race-
mose, not corymbose, and in each flower being usually furnished
with more bracteas than one, which are not cup-shaped nor ob-
lique, as in that genus : it also differs from Scurrula in the limb
of the corolla being regular, not as in that genus unilateral ; and
from Loxanlhera in the anthers not being oscillatory.
§ 1. Anguliflori (from angulus, an angle, andjlos, a flower ;
the flowers are more or less hexagonal from crests at the base).
Flowers tubular, usually tumid at the base, and more or less
hexagonal from crests, dividing into 6 lobes to the middle; an-
thers erect, Bracteoles 3, joined together under eachflorver.
1 E. RETU'SA ; glabrous ; leaves opposite, on short petioles,
obovate-oblong, coriaceous, retuse, or emarginate, with the
lateral nerves indistinct ; racemes short, usually solitary, rising
from the axils of the fallen leaves ; flowers pedicellate, each
furnished with 1-2 bracteas at the base ; limb of calyx entire ;
tube of corolla clavate, gibbous, and angular, contracted at
the limb : lobes 5-6, lanceolate, reflexed. >> . P. S. Native
of die Island of Singapore. Loranthus retusus, Jack, in
Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 212. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 112. The plant
fastens itself by long runners to trees. Leaves smooth, about 3
inches long. Margin of calyx entire. Tube of corolla clavate,
gibbous, and angled above, rosy, suddenly contracted at the
limb, which is yellowish green, having the lobes or segments
shorter than the tube.
jRetae-leaved Elytranthe. Shrub par.
2 E. AMPULLA'CEA ; glabrous ; leaves opposite, on short pe-
tioles, oblong, polished ; racemes axillary, solitary or in pairs,
much shorter than the leaves ; flowers opposite, on short pedi-
3 I
426
LORANTHACE^:. XI. ELYTRANTHE.
eels ; bracteas ovate, one at the base of each pedicel, and 2
others pressing the base of the germ, like an inferior bilabiate
calyx ; limb of calyx entire, rotate ; corolla with a gibbous tube,
and a 6-cleft regular border, the divisions revolute, and rather
spatulate ; anthers ovate ; style longer than the corolla : stigma
large ; berry long, oval. T? . P. S. Native of the East Indies,
in the forests of Silhet, but seems to prefer the Mango trees to
all others. Loranthus ampullaceus, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 209.
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 149. Leaves 3-4 inches long, and rather
less than 2 inches broad. Flowers pretty large, greenish yellow.
Berry yellow, size of a currant.
Ampullaceous Elytranthe. Shrub par.
3 E. CARINA'TULA ; glabrous ; leaves opposite, petiolate, el-
liptic, somewhat acuminated ; racemes spiked, 7-flowered, 3 times
longer than the petioles ; bracteas 2, subconcrete under each
flower ; limb of calyx hardly any ; tube of corolla inflated, hexago-
nal : lobes 6, oblong ; style shorter than the corolla. f? . P. S. Na-
tive of the East Indies, at Martaban, and at Cheppedon. Loran-
thus carinatulus, Wall. mss. D. C. coll. mem. vi. t. 3. Very
like E. ampulldcea.
Little-keeled Elytranthe. Shrub par.
4 E. VIRIDIFLORA ; glabrous ; primary branches somewhat
verticillate, rather compressed while young ; leaves opposite, on
short petioles, lanceolate, tapering at both ends ; racemes axil-
lary, and from the cicatrices of the fallen leaves, 2-3-together,
sessile, one-third shorter than the leaves ; pedicels 1 -flowered,
remote ; bracteas 3, rather concrete under each ovarium ; tube
of corolla slightly ventricose, bluntly 6-cornered : having the
limb divided regularly into 6, rarely into 5 linear-clavate re-
flexed segments, which are nearly as long as the tube, their in-
side rugose, their extremity broadish, concave, acute. 1? . P. S.
Native on trees in the forest of Gonkurrun, in the valley of
Nipaul. Loranthus viridiflorus, Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p.
219. Leaves smooth, about 3 inches long, rather conspicu-
ously reticulated, less coriaceous than in most other species.
Flowers green, rather remote, with the tube an inch and a half
long. Filaments attached to the segments of the corolla, running
down to their base. Style filiform ; stigma rugose. Berry
small, ovate.
Green-flowered Elytranthe. Shrub par.
5 E. SUBGLOBOSA ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves opposite,
linear-oblong, on very short petioles, attenuated at both ends ;
peduncles axillary, simple, 4 times shorter than the leaves ;
bracteas trifid, or 3 concrete ones under each flower : tube of
corolla inflated, ovate, hexagonal : the limb divided into 6 linear-
oblong erect segments. Tj . P. S. Native of the East Indies,
on the banks of the Irawaddy, parasitical on trees. Loranthus
subglobosus, D. C. prod. 4. p. 297. Leaves 3 inches long, and
8 lines broad. Corolla 8 lines long, and the tube 3 lines in
diameter. Anthers erect. Stigma small, capitate.
Subglobose-Rowered. Elytranthe. Shrub par.
6 E. PA'LLENS ; glabrous ; branches terete, compressed while
young ; leaves opposite, on short petioles, ovate, ending in a
short blunt acumen, coriaceous, ra'ther glaucous ; racemes axil-
lary, short, few-flowered ; bracteas lateral, ovate, small, one un-
der each ovarium ; flower-bud hexagonal at the base, having the
tube at length broadly obconical : lobes 6, reflexed from the
middle. Jj . P. S. Native of the island of Pulo-Penang. Lo-
rinthus pallens, Wall. cat. no. 523. Leaves 3 inches long, and
usually about 2 inches broad.
Pale Elytranthe. Shrub par.
7 E. OLEOIDES ; glabrous ; branches terete, when young rather
compressed; leaves oblong, attenuated at both ends, opposite,
on short petioles, stiff, rather glaucous; peduncles axillary,
short, few-flowered ; flowers unknown ; bracteas lateral, round-
ish, one under each ovarium ; berries ovate. Tj . P. S. Native
of the island of Pulo-Penang. Loranthus oleoides, D. C. prod.
4. p. 297. Loranthus oleifolius, Wall. mss. but not of Cham,
et Schlecht. Allied to E. pallens, ex Wall.
Olive-like Elytranthe. Shrub par.
8 E. GLOBOSA ; plant glabrous, branched ; leaves opposite,
though sometimes alternate, and 3 in a whorl, oblong, coriaceous,
smooth, almost veinless; racemes or spikes axillary, or between
the leaves, or from the axils of the fallen leaves, generally soli-
tary, but sometimes 2-3 together, much shorter than the leaves ;
flowers sessile, opposite, from 3-6 pairs on each spike ; bracteas
no other than the perianth of the fruit, but according to D. C.
they are cordate ; limb of calyx truncate ; tube of corolla gib-
bous, 6-sided : limb 6-parted : segments regular, reflexed ; berry
round-oval, size of a pea. Ij . P. S. Native of the East Indies,
throughout Bengal on trees. Loranthus globdsus, Roxb. fl.
ind. 2. p. 206. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Flowers small, of a
greenish orange colour. Perianth of the fruit inferior, 2-leaved,
the under and exterior cordate, the inner bidentate : that of the
flower no other than the circular margin of the pit, which re-
ceives the flower. Filaments inserted at the base of the seg-
ments of the corolla. Berry smooth, size of a pea, when ripe
the pulp is yellow, clammy, and elastic.
G7o&ose-flowered Elytranthe. Shrub par.
9 E. FORMOSA ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves nearly op-
posite, ovate-oblong, coriaceous, almost veinless ; racemules
crowded, lateral ; tube of corolla very long, clavate, angular,
f? . P. S. Native of Java, upon trees on Mount Salak. Loran-
thus formosus, Blum, bijdr. p. 664. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 149.
Flowers scarlet, showy : segments of corolla revolute, somewhat
secund, with dark purple margins. Anthers linear, adnate.
Stigma obtuse. Corolla nearly 2 inches long. Perhaps a species
of Scurrula.
Showy Elytranthe. Shrub par.
10 E. SPH^EROCA'RPA ; glabrous; branches terete ; leaves on
short petioles, opposite, ovate-oblong, coriaceous, veinless be-
neath ; racemes axillary, solitary or twin ; flowers angular. Pj .
P. S. Native of Java, about Buitenzorg, Batavia, &c. on trees,
where it is called Mengando, as well as many other species, by
the natives. Loranthus sphserocarpus, Blum, bijdr. p. 661. and
bat. verhandl. 1823. p. 189. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 149. Tube
of corolla angular : flower-bud 5 lines long.
Round-fruited Elytranthe. Shrub par.
1 1 E. PA'TULA ; glabrous ; leaves opposite, petiolate, ellip-
tic-ovate, coriaceous, smooth, acutish ; panicles axillary, or rising
beneath the leaves, shorter than the leaves ; bracteas 2 or 3, em-
bracing the ovarium ; limb of calyx entire ; tube of corolla
acutely 6-angled, equal in length to the segments of the limb,
which are 6, narrow, and revolute. T? . P. S. Native of the
interior of Bencoolen, on trees. Loranthus patulus, Jack, in
Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 214. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 135. Leaves
about 3 inches long. Corolla green, tipped with light red, and
with a purplish tinge towards the base : having the tube clavate
and dilated upwards. Stigma capitate. Berry subglobose.
Spreading-panicled. Elytranthe. Shrub par.
12 E. COCHINCHINE'NSIS; glabrous, much branched; leaves
opposite, ovate-lanceolate, acute ; peduncles axillary, many-
flowered, crowded, furnished with 3 concrete bracteas under each
flower; tube of corolla hexagonal, with 6 linear-lanceolate
lobes, which burst elastically, and become revolute ; stigma
capitate ; berries ovate. Tj . P. G. Native of Cochin-china, on
trees in gardens. Loranthus Cochinchinensis, Lour. coch. p. 195.
Flowers greenish yellow. Berry yellowish red.
Cochin-china Elytranthe. Shrub par.
13 E. AVE'NIS ; glabrous; branches terete; leaves opposite,
narrow-lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous, veinless : peduncles
crowded, axillary, usually 2- flowered ; flowers angular, hexan-
LORANTHACE^E. XI. ELYTRANIHE.
427
drous. Pj . P. S. Native of Java, on Mounts Salak and Cede,
&c. Loranthus avenis, Blum, bijdr. p. 663. and bat. verhandl.
1823. p. 191. Loranthus Blumeanus, Schultes, syst. 7. p. 119.
Feints-leaved Elytrantlie. Shrub par.
14 E. TETRAGONA ; glabrous ; branches tetragonal; leaves
opposite, sessile, oval, acute or obtuse, of the consistence of
parchment, glabrous ; racemes crowded, axillary ; flowers an-
gular, hexandrous. Jj . P. S. Native of Java, on trees about
Tjiradjas, in the province of Krawang. Loranthus tetragonus.
Blum, bijdr. 663. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 149. Corolla 3 lines long.
Tetragonal-branched Elytranthe. Shrub par.
15 E. SUBUMBELLA'TA ; leaves opposite, oblong -lanceolate,
long-acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous ; racemes crowded, axil-
lary ; ultimate pedicels subumbellate ; flowers hexandrous. fj .
P. S. Native of Java, on trees near Tjiradjas, in the province
of Krawang. Loranthus subumbellatus, Blum, bijdr. p. 662.
Schultes. syst. 7. p. 148. Allied to E. sphcerocdrpa, and is, as
well as it, called Mengando by the natives of Java.
Subumbellate-fiowered Elytranthe. Shrub par.
§ 2. Rigidiftdra (from rigidus, stiff, andjlos, a flower ; flowers
stiff'). Flowers pentandrous, tubular, cleft into 5 parts beyond
the middle, having the lobes reflexed from the middle ; tube ob-
conical, hardly pentagonal. Anthers erect. Bractcas one under
each flower.
16 E. RI'GIDA; glabrous; branches terete, rather compressed
when young ; leaves opposite, petiolate, elliptic-lanceolate, acu-
minated ; racemes axillary, simple, 7-flowered; flowers on short
pedicels ; bracteas ovate, lateral, one under each ovarium ; calyx
repand, somewhat denticulated ; tube of corolla ovate at the
base : lobes linear-oblong, reflexed from the middle. 1j . P. S.
Native of the East Indies, at Amherst. Loranthus rigidus,
Wall. cat. no. 531. Leaves 2-3 inches long, and 12-18 lines
broad. Corolla 9 lines long, finely velvety, as well as ovarium.
Anthers linear. Flower-bud pentagonal at the apex.
Stiff Elytranthe. Shrub par.
17 E. FARINOSA ; glabrous; branches terete; leaves alter-
nate, smooth, coriaceous, ovate, obtuse, on thick short petioles ;
racemes in axillary fascicles, clothed with much mealy stellate
whitish tomentum ; tube of corolla ventricose, divided two-
thirds of its length into 5 linear semi-recurved segments ; berry
large, ovate, slightly tomentose. Jj . P. S. Native of the East
Indies, at Singapore. Loranthus farinosus, Desr. in Lam. diet.
3. p. 597. Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 221. Schultes, syst. 7.
p. 111. D. C. coll. mem. vi. t. 4. Leaves nearly as large as a
hand, with unequal margins, having the nerves remote and a little
elevated. Flowers of a bright red colour, densely clothed with
stellate tomentum, which is easily rubbed off"; they are about an
inch long, having the tube wide.
Mealy Elytranthe. Shrub par.
§ 3. Cupulati (from cupula, an acorn cup ; in reference to the
shape of the bractea, which surrounds the ovarium). Flowers
small ; bud of corolla equal at the base, terete, but globose and
pentagonal at the apex ; limb of 5 equal regular lobes. Anthers
ovate, truncate, inserted by the base, dehiscing laterally. Stigma
capitate. Bracteas cup-shaped, one girding or surrounding each
ovarium.
1 8 E. CUPULA'TA ; branches terete, somewhat compressed at
the apex ; young petioles, leaves, peduncles, and flowers clothed
with rusty down ; leaves petiolate, ovate or oblong, acutish,
coriaceous, more or less cordate at the base ; peduncles very
short, branched, umbellately many-flowered ; bracteas cup-
shaped, one girding each ovarium. T? . P. S. Native of Casa-
mania, on the trunks of trees. Loranthus cupulatus, D. C.
prod. 4. p. 298. Flowers 2-3 lines long. Branches clothed
with rusty villi. Leaves variable in size and form. Berry ob-
ovate-globose. Lower part of the tube of the corolla cylin-
drical.
Cupular-bractead Elytranthe. Shrub par.
§ 4. Involucrati (the flowers are involucrated with bracteas).
Flowers tubular, 5-G-cleft. Anthers erect. Bracteas many,
crowded, constituting an involucrum around the flowers, which are
subcapitate.
19 E. INVOLUCRA'TA; glabrous; branches shining; leaves
opposite, on short petioles, ovate-cordate, smooth ; umbels axil-
lary, nearly sessile, much shorter than the leaves, 4-flowered,
involucrated by 4 bracteas ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate, smooth,
entire ; calyx villous, with a 5-toothed border ; tube of corolla
villous, widening towards the mouth : limb regular, 5-parted,
with linear-revolute segments ; anthers oval ; stigma 2-lobed.
Jj . P. S. Native of the East Indies, on the eastern border of
Bengal : parasitical on trees. Loranthus involucratus, Roxb.
fl. ind. 2. p. 209. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 106. Leaves 3-4 inches
long. Flowers pentandrous. Stamens equalling the segments
of the corolla, and inserted on them below the middle. Ova-
rium silky. Style rather longer than the corolla.
Var. ft, hebedada (D. C. prod. 4. p. 298. under Loranthus)
branchlets angular, velvety from pale rusty down. Jj . P. S.
Native of Silhet. Wall, in .fl. ind. p. 209. Corolla 6 lines
long, villous on the outside, not gibbous at the base ; lobes 5,
equal. Anthers oval, inserted by the base.
/neo/acrate-flowered Elytranthe. Shrub par.
20 E. GEMMIFLORA ; glabrous ; branches tetragonal ; leaves
opposite, broad-ovate, or oval, obtuse, coriaceous ; buds (im-
bricated involucra) axillary, solitary, sessile, many-flowered.
Fj . P. S. Native of Java, in woods on the mountains. Lo-
ranthus gemmiflorus, Blum, bijdr. p. 665. Schultes, syst. 7.
p. 159. Lepeostegeres gemmiflorus, Blum, in litt. This spe-
cies is called Mengando by the Javanese. Flowers in capitate
heads, sessile, densely crowded upon the dilated tops of the
peduncles. Anthers subulate, ex Blum, and the berries are
pedicellate.
Bud-flowered Elytranthe. Shrub par.
21 E. LONICEROIDES ; glabrous ; leaves almost sessile, ovate
to lanceolate, attenuated, obtuse, rounded at the base ; peduncles
opposite, longer than the petioles, bearing each a head of a few
sessile, hexandrous flowers, and each head supported by 4
broad-ovate, acute, concave bracteas ; corollas long, tubular,
slender, having the limb irregularly cleft into 5 cuneated spread-
ing segments. Tj . P. S. Native of the East Indies. Loran-
thus lonicerokles, Lin. spec. 473. exclusive of the synonyme of
Plukenet. Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 216. Loranthus co-
riaceus and lonicerokles, Schultes, syst. 7. pp. 107 and 108.
Loranthus coriaceus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 597. The
flowers, according to Wallich, are hexandrous, but according
to Lamarck pentandrous. It is perhaps a species of Scurrula,
on account of the irregular flowers.
Honey-suckle-like Elytranthe. Shrub par.
22 E. ? UMBELLA'TUS ; leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate ; um-
bels axillary, opposite, on short peduncles, few-flowered ; brac-
teas opposite, orbicular under each flower ; limb of calyx trun-
cate ; corolla tubular : with 6 linear obtuse segments ; anthers
linear. Jj . P. S. Native of the East Indies. Loranthus
umbellatus, Roth. nov. spec. p. 192. but not of Wall. Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 158. Flowers deep purple, glabrous, coriaceous.
Berry ovate.
C/wz6e//aife-flowered Elytranthe. Shrub par.
§ *>• Elytrdnthes (from eXvrpov, elytron, a sheath or case,
and avdos, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the large bracteas
3i 2
428
LORANTHACE^). XI. ELYTRANTHE. XII. NOTANTHERA.
forming a sheath to the flowers). Flowers tubular, 6-cleft, hex-
undrous ; lobes of limb linear, acute. Flower-buds nearly terete.
Anthers erect. Flowers sessile, and decussate along the rachis of
the spikes, furnished each with 3 bracteas, one under the flower
and tiro opposite lateral combined ones ; all large, concave, and
deciduous.
23 E. A'LBIDA (Blum, in litt. 1329.) glabrous ; branches com-
pressed ; leaves opposite, oval-oblong, acute, coriaceous ; spikes
axillary, on short peduncles, sub-capitate, each bearing 4 decus-
sate, tribracteate flowers. Tj . P. S. Native of Java, in woods
on the mountains. Loranthus albidus, Blum, bijdr. p. 665.
Whitish Elytranthe. Shrub par.
24 E. ? OBMUNITUS ; branches terete, straight ; leaves spatu-
lately linear, thickened at the apex ; peduncles nutant, some-
what secund. Jj . P. S. Native of Brazil, on the banks of
the Rio Grande. Loranthus obmunitus, Spreng. cur. port. 1 39.
Each ovarium is supported by a cup-shaped bractea, or by 3
concrete ones.
Clothed Elytranthe. Shrub par.
Cult. Like the rest of the genera of the present order, the
species are not cultivable. The plants have much the habit of
Lonicera.
XII. NOTANTHE'RA (from VOITOC, notos, the back, and
ac9i)p«, anthera, an anther ; the anthers are fixed by the back
to the filaments ; hence they are oscillatory). Loranthus, sect,
iv. Notanthera, exclusive of § 1. Tetramera and § 3. Calan-
thffi, D. C. prod. 4. p. 307. — Loranthus species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Penta-Hexandria, Monogynia. Flowers her-
maphrodite. Petals 5-6-7-8, but usually 6, sometimes almost
distinct to the base, and sometimes equally joined together at
the base, linear or lanceolate. Stamens equal in number to the
petals" ; filaments adnate to the corolla at the base, but free at
the apex ; anthers fixed by the back, oscillatory or incumbent.
Style filiform. Stigma clavate. Berries ovate. — Parasitical shrubs,
natives of South America, except one from Asia. Peduncles
corymbose or racemose ; branchlets usually bearing 3 flowers
and 3 bracteas ; sometimes the pedicels are 1 -flowered, and with
a bractea under each flower.
§ 1 . Pentamera (from trevre, pente, five, and pepic, meris, a
part ; the flowers are pentamerous or divided into 5 parts).
Planters pentamerous and pentandrous, large, from 1-8 inches
long.
1 N. GRANDIFLORUS ; shrub glabrous, dependent ; stems te-
rete ; leaves on short petioles, oval, thick ; racemes terminal,
subcorymbose, few-flowered ; pedicels bearing each 1 flower
and 1 bractea ; bracteas ovate, concave, length of fruit ; petals
.5, linear, joined to the middle ; anthers versatile. tj. P. G.
Native of Peru, parasitical on trees, where it is called Hatun
Mecmci. Loranthus grandiflorus, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 3. p.
45. t. 273. f. a. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 115. Corolla very long.
Berry blue, size of an olive.
Great-flowered Notanthera. Shrub par.
2 N. LONGIBRACTEA'TUS ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves
scattered, lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, acute, sessile, coria-
ceous, veinless ; spikes terminal ; bracteas foliaceous, linear-
lanceolate ; flowers adhering to the bracteas at the base ; flower-
bud clavate ; petals 5, linear ; anthers versatile. F? . P. G.
Native of Peru. Loranthus longibracteatus, Desr. in Lam.
diet. 3. p. 59!). Schultes, syst. 7. p. 1 17. Leaves 18-24 lines
long, and 8-9 lines broad. Corolla 2| inches long.
Long-bractead Notanthera. Shrub par.
3 N. VERTICILLA'TUS ; branches terete, 3 in a whorl ; leaves
also usually 3 in a whorl, lanceolate, nerveless, glaucous, usually
secund ; flowers terminal, secund, crowded into heads ; bracteas
ovate, concave, 1 under each flower; petals 5, joined at the base,
spatulately-lanceolate and revolute at the apex ; anthers oblong.
Tj . P. G. Native of Chili, upon trees and shrubs on the banks
of the river Andalien. Loranthus verticillatus, Ruiz, et Pav.
fl. per. 3. p. 47. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 117. Berry oval, black-
ish purple.
Whorled Notanthera. Shrub par.
4 N. CJE'SIUS ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves on short
petioles, ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate, thickish, veinless ; pe-
duncles 1 -flowered, disposed in terminal racemes, bearing under
each flower an oblong bractea, which is 3 times longer than
the ovarium ; petals 5, joined to the middle, and spreading
at the apex, linear ; anthers incumbent. fj . P. G. Native of
the Andes of Peru, upon trees. Loranthus cse'sius, Spreng
syst. 1. p. 132. Loranthus glaucus, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 3.
p. 45. t. 275. f. b. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 438.
but not of Thunb. Loranthus corymbosus, Dietr. gart. lex.
4. p. 468. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 115. Leaves an inch or more
long, and half an inch broad ; petioles 2 lines long. Flowers
an inch long, red at base and apex, but yellow in the middle.
Berry oval, dark purple. This species is nearly allied to N.
longebracteatus.
Grey Notanthera. Shrub par.
5 N. POEPPI'GII ; glabrous ; branches terete, rather glaucous ;
leaves opposite, on short petioles, lanceolate, thickish, veinless ;
peduncles 1-flowered, disposed in a terminal raceme, bearing an
ovate, acute bractea under each flower, which is one-half shorter
than the ovarium ; limb of calyx truncate ; petals 5, joined
together a little beyond the middle ; anthers fixed by the back
to the filaments. Jj . P. G. Native of Chili, where it was
collected by Poeppig. Leaves an inch long. Flowers 2 inches
long.
Poeppig's Notanthera. Shrub par.
6 N. STERNBERGIA'NUS ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves
ovate or oval, obtuse, coriaceous, veinless above ; peduncles
many, short, 1-flowered, crowded, corymbose, rising from the
axils of the upper leaves and the top's of the branches : bracteas
ovate, one under each ovarium, and shorter than it ; petals 5,
linear, hardly concrete at the base ; anthers versatile. Jj . P. G.
Native of Chili, near La Guardia, and Aconcagua, and on the
Cordillera of Chili. Loranthus Sternbergianus, Schultes, fil. in
herb. Hsenke, and syst. 7. p. 116. Loranthus glaucus, Gill, but
not of Ruiz and Pav. nor Thunb. Leaves 12-15 lines long, and
8-10 broad; petioles 1^ line long. Allied to N.caisius, but
differs in the bracteas being one half shorter than the ovaries,
not 3 times longer.
Sternberg's Notanthera. Shrub par.
7 N. ? POHLII ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves oval, ob-
tuse at both ends, on short petioles, thick, coriaceous, glaucous ;
the middle nerve hardly distinct at the base, the rest of it obso-
lete ; peduncles axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves, oppo-
site, dichotomously corymbose, few-flowered ; petals 5, linear,
thick, almost distinct, bearing each a ligula beneath the stamens;
anthers versatile. ^ • P- S. Native of Brazil, where it was
detected by Pohl. Loranthus glaucus, Pohl. in litt. but not of
others. Loranthus Pohlii, D. C. prod. 4. p. 308. Leaves 12-
15 inches long, and 8-9 broad. Corolla an inch long. Brac-
teas small, very blunt, one under each flower. Perhaps a species
of Psitlacdnthus.
Pohl's Notanthera. Shrub par.
| 2. Micranthce (from /uiicpoc, micros, small, and avOog,
anthos, a flower ; flowers of the species small). Flowers small,
usually hexamerous or divided into 6 parts, but in a very fen they
are divided into 4-5-7 parts, disposed in racemes ; the branches
of the raceme usually bearing 3 flowers and 3 bracleas each.—
Species all natives of America.
LORANTHACEyE. XII. NOTANTHERA.
429
* Racemes axillary.
8 N. SARMENTOSUS ; glabrous, rathe? scandent, hence the
branches throw out roots on one side ; branches angular ; leaves
petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, acute, somewhat complicate and
keeled : having the middle nerve rather prominent ; racemes
axillary, about equal in length to the leaves : having their
branchlets short and angular, and bearing 3 bracteas and 3 ses-
sile flowers each at the apex ; petals 6, linear-spatulate ; anthers
ovate, incumbent. Jj . P. G. Native of Peru, at Munna :
parasitical on trees. Loranthus sarmentosus, Ruiz et Pav. fl.
per. 3. p. 49. t. 278. f. a. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 145. Corolla
yellowish, 3-4 lines long. Berry oblong, greyish. Leaves 1-J-
inch long, and an inch broad ; petioles 2 lines long.
Sarmentose Notanthera. Shrub par.
9 N. ACUMINA'TUS ; glabrous ; branches angular, somewhat
sarmentose ; leaves petiolate, remote, ovate, long-acuminated ;
racemes axillary, one half shorter than the leaves : having the
branchlets brachiate, and bearing each 3 ovate, concave, acute
bracteas, and 3 sessile flowers ; petals 6, linear ; anthers ovate.
Tj . P. G. Native of the Andes of Peru, in groves. Loranthus
acuminatus, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 49. Schultes, syst. 7.
p, 144. Very nearly allied to N. sarmentosus, but differs in the
leaves being flat, in the stigma being peltate, and the berries
being brownish yellow.
Acumiuated-leaved Notanthera. Shrub par.
* * Racemes terminal and axillary.
10 N. SELLOWIA'NUS ; glabrous; branches tetragonally te-
rete, radicant ; leaves obovate, retuse, or emarginate, ending in
a recurved mucrone, cartilaginous, feather-nerved, tapering into
die short petioles ; racemes axillary and terminal, naked, shorter
than the leaves : having the branchlets bearing 3 flowers and 3
bracteas ; limb of calyx lax ; corolla 6-parted : with linear
lobes ; anthers versatile. lj . P. S. Native of Brazil. Lo-
ranthus Sellowianus, D. C. prod. 4. p. 312. Loranthus retusus,
Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 215. but not of Jack.
Leaves 20 lines long, and 15-16 lines broad; petioles 4 lines
long. Corolla 3 lines long. Stigma thickish.
Bella's Notanthera. Shrub par.
1 1 N. RADI'CANS ; glabrous ; branches terete, elongated, ra-
dicant ; leaves ovate, oblong, or lanceolate, acuminated, ending
in a subulate point, feather-veined, with cartilaginous margins,
running down the petioles at the base ; spikes axillary and ter-
minal ; flowers and bracteas by threes ; corolla 6-parted, with
linear lobes ; anthers versatile. Tj . P. S. Native of Brazil.
Loranthus radicans, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 207.
Leaves 5 inches long and 1-J broad ; petioles hardly 5 lines
long. Corolla 3 lines long. Flowers disposed in something like
whorls of fives.
Rooting Notanthera. Shrub par.
12 N. BUXIFOLIUS ; branchlets rather angular, and rather
hispid from stiff short hairs ; branches terete, and are as well
as the petioles and leaves glabrous ; leaves oval, coriace-
ous ; racemes terminal and axillary, erect ; pedicels bearing
each 3 flowers and 3 bracteas; corolla tubular, 4-5-6-parted:
having the lobes dilated and concave at the apex; anthers ver-
satile. \) . P. G. Native of Chili, near Talcahuano : para-
sitical on various trees. Loranthus buxifolius, Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 207. Loranthus Eschscholzianus,
Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 117. Leaves rough in the young
state. Bracteas fringed at the apex. The root, according to
Chamisso, creeps under the bark of the trees on which the plant
grows. Style acute at the apex. Corolla 3-4 lines long. This
comes very near to N. heterophyllus ; and appears only to differ
in the branches being covered with short rigid hairs.
Box-leaved Notanthera. Shrub par.
13 N. HETEROPHY'LLUS ; branches terete, slender, scabrous,
rusty ; leaves scattered, on short petioles, cordate or oval, mu-
cronate, coriaceous, glabrous ; racemes terminal and axillary,
angular ; pedicels short, bearing each 3 bracteas and 3 flowers ;
the 2 lateral flowers stalked : and the middle one sessile ; brac-
teas small ; petals 6, linear-spatulate ; anthers incumbent. Fj .
P. G. Native of Chili : parasitical upon trees, especially myr-
taceous trees. Loranthus heterophyllus, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3.
p. 48. t. 273. f. b. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 135. The old
branches are smooth : the younger ones are angled, glabrous, or
sometimes roughish from minute rust-coloured tubercles. Pe-
tals 4-5, concave, and dilated at the apex. Leaves 6-12 lines
long, and 4-9 lines broad : petioles 2 lines long. Corolla pur-
plish white, 4-5 lines long.
Variable-leaved Notanthera. Shrub par.
1 4 N. ELLI'PTICUS ; glabrous ; branches terete, slender, an-
gular ; leaves petiolate, elliptic, somewhat acuminated, thick-
coriaceous, veinless, shining above ; peduncles axillary and ter-
minal, racemose ; pedicels short, bearing each 3 bracteas and 3
sessile flowers at the apex ; petals 7, linear-spatulate, joined
together to the middle ; anthers versatile. Tj . P. S. Native
of Peru, in groves, in high frigid places on the Andes near
Pozuzo. Loranthus ellipticus, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 47.
t. 276. f. a. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 159. Leaves an inch long,
and half an inch broad ; petioles 2 lines long. Corolla yellow,
4 lines long. Perhaps a species of Gaiadendron.
Elttptic-letwed Notanthera. Shrub par.
15 N. LiGUSTRiF&Lius ; glabrous ; branches terete; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, coriaceous ; corymbs axillary and
terminal, one half shorter than the leaves, solitary ; pedicels
crowded, bractless, bearing 2-3 flowers ; petals 6, linear, some-
what dilated and concave at the apex ; anthers ovate, versatile.
Jj . P. G. Native of Peru, or Chili, where it was collected by
Haenke. Loranthus ligustrifolius, Schultes, fil. in herb. Haenke,
and in syst. 7. p. 135. Loranthus ligustrinus, Willd. herb, ex
Schultes, but not of Wall. Leaves 2 inches long, and 9-10
lines broad ; petioles 2 lines long. Corolla 4-5 lines long,
black in the dried state.
Privet-leaved Notanthera. Shrub par.
16 N. VE'GETUS ; glabrous ; branches scandent, terete ; leaves
elliptic-oblong, obovate, rounded at the apex, thick-coriaceous,
glaucescent, on short petioles ; racemes axillary, solitary ; pedi-
cels short, bractless, bearing each 3 sessile flowers at the apex,
drooping in the fructiferous state. 5? . P. G. Native of Mexico,
near Cuernavaca. Loranthus vegetus, D. C. prod. 4. p. 313.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 434. Leaves 2 inches
long, and 10-12 lines broad. Flowers unknown. Berries
ovate-oblong.
Lively Notanthera. Shrub par.
1 7 N. ORBICULAVRIS ; glabrous ; branches tetragonal ; leaves
petiolate, orbicular, acutish, thick-coriaceous, obsoletely veined ;
racemes axillary, solitary ; pedicels short, bearing each 3 sessile
flowers at the apex ; petals 6, glabrous ; anthers ovate. fj . P.
S. Native of Quito, near Guayaquil, on trees. Loranthus or-
bicularis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 434. Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 143. Leaves 18 lines long and 16-17 broad ; petioles
3-4 lines long. Flowers 4 lines long, green on the outside, and
white on the inside.
Orbicular-leaved Notanthera. Shrub par.
1 8 N. SALICIFOLIUS ; plant glabrous, pruinose ? branches te-
rete, compressed at the nodi ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acumin-
ated, niar»inate, petiolate ; racemes axillary, solitary or twin,
erect, sessile ; pedicels very short, bearing each 3 flowers and 3
bracteas ; corolla 4-parted, with linear lobes, which are shell-
formed at the apex ; anthers versatile ; stigma capitate. ^ . P. S.
430
LORANTHACE^E. XII. NOTANTIIERA. XIII. LOXANTHERA.
Native of Brazil. Loranthus salicifolius, Cham, et Schlecht.
in Linnaea. 3. p. 216. Leaves 4£ inches long and ^ inch broad ;
petioles 6 lines long. Flowers a line long.
IVtllow-leaved Notanthera. Shrub par.
19 N. LANCEOLA'TUS ; glabrous; branches terete, slender,
rather angular ; leaves on short petioles, lanceolate-oblong ;
peduncles racemose, axillary, and terminal ; pedicels short, bear-
ing each 3 bracteas and 3 sessile flowers at the apex ; petals
7-9, linear-spatulate, joined at the base; anthers incumbent,
t? . P. G. Native of Peru, on the Andes at Pillao. Loranthus
lanceolatus, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 47. t. 278. f. b. but not
of Beauv. Loranthus lancifolius, Poir. ex Schultes, syst. 7.
p. 142. Leaves 2 inches long and an inch broad ; petioles 2-3
lines long. Corolla yellow, half an inch long. Berries oblong.
Lanceolate-leaved Notanthera. Shrub par.
20 N. OXYPHY'LLUS ; glabrous ; branches terete, but some-
what compressed at the apex ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, tapering
into the petioles at the base, and much acuminated at the apex,
feather-nerved : having the middle nerve rather prominent ;
racemes axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves ; pedicels
opposite, bearing each 3 bracteas and 3 sessile flowers at the
apex ; petals 6, linear, acute, hardly joined together at the base,
longer than the filaments ; anthers ovate, erect, incumbent,
fj . P. S. Native of Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl.
Loranthus oxyphyllus, Pohl. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 314. Loran-
thus acuminatus, Pohl. in litt. Leaves 2 inches long. Flower-
bud sub-clavate. Style thickish ; stigma truncate.
Sharp-leaved Notanthera. Shrub par.
21 N. SUAVE'OLENS ; glabrous; branches terete; leaves pe-
tiolate, ovate- oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base, coria-
ceous ; racemes 2-4 together ; pedicels short, approximate,
bractless, bearing each 3 stalked flowers at the apex ; petals 6,
linear, spreading; anthers incumbent. I;. P. S. Native of
Peru, in groves near Gonzanama. Loranthus suaveolens, H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 435. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 143.
Leaves 26-27 lines long and an inch broad ; petioles 2-3 lines
long. Flowers 3 lines long, white, glabrous.
Srveet-scented Notanthera. Shrub par.
22 N. CONDUPLICA'TUS; glabrous; branches tetragonal ; leaves
petiolate, ovate, acuminated, acute at the base, rather coriaceous,
conduplicately recurved ; panicle terminal, much branched,
leafy : having the branches twin, and are as well as the rachis
tetragonal ; pedicels very short, bearing 3 flowers and 3 brac-
teas at the apex ; petals 6, linear, fj . P. S. Native of Cu-
mana and Cumanocoa, on trees. Lorantjjus conduplicatus, H.
B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 441. Loranthus anceps,
Will. rel. in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 131. Leaves 24-27 lines long,
and 14-17 lines broad : petioles 4-5 lines long. Flowers hardly
2 lines long.
Conduplicate-]eaved Notanthera. Shrub par,
23 N. ATTENUA'TUS ; plant glabrous, twining ; branches terete ;
leaves rather alternate, obovate-oblong, cuneated at the base,
and tapering into the petioles, and mucronate at the apex ; mu-
crone deciduous; racemes axillary, twin or tern, shorter than
the leaves : pedicels short, bearing each 2-3 bracteas and 2-3
sessile flowers at the apex ; petals 6, linear, hardly connected at
the base, longer than the filaments ; anthers ovate-roundish,
fixed by the base. Tj . P. S. Native of Brazil. Loranthus
attenuatus, Pohl. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 315. Leaves
12-15 lines long and 6-7 broad. Corolla 1^ line long. Stigma
not capitate.
Attenuated-leaved Notanthera. Shrub par.
24 N. A'NCEPS ; glabrous ; branches terete ; branchlets and
peduncles compressed and 2-edged ; leaves alternate or oppo-
site, oblong-elliptic, petiolate, ending in very short mucrones,
feather-nerved ; racemes axillary, solitary, or twin, and terminal,
subcorymbose, unequal ; pedicels short, bearing each 3 bracteas
and 3 sessile flowers at the apex ; anthers ovate, erect. Pj . P. S.
Native of Brazil, where it was detected by Pohl. Loranthus
anceps, D. C. prod. 4. p. 315. Loranthus oblongo-ellipticus,
Pohl. in litt. Leaves an inch long and 5-6 lines broad ; petioles
3 lines long. Corolla 2 lines long. Allied to Lordnthus pau-
cifolius.
7W-e</£erf-branched Notanthera. Shrub par.
25 N. OVA'TUS ; glabrous ; branches unknown ; leaves ovate,
acute, somewhat acuminated, petiolate, coriaceous : having the
middle nerve rather prominent, and the lateral ones hardly con-
spicuous ; racemes a little shorter than the leaves ; pedicels short,
bearing 3 bracteas and 3 sessile flowers at the apex ; petals 6,
linear, distinct, acutish, a little longer than the filaments ; anthers
erect, fixed by the base, t? . P. S. Native of Brazil. Loran-
thus ovatus, Pohl. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 315. Leaves 2-|
inches long and 1^ broad ; petioles 2-3 lines long. Branchlets
racemose, 2 lines long. Ovarium glauceseent. Petals 2 lines
long. Style thickish, equal at the apex. Perhaps this and the
preceding belong to Struthdnthus.
Ooafe-leaved Notanthera. Shrub par.
Cult. The species are not cultivable, and have the habit of
those of the other parasitical genera of the order.
XIII. LOXANTHFRA (from Xofe, loxos, oblique, and
avdnpa, anthera, an anther ; in reference to the filaments being
curved at the apex). Blum, in litt. Loranthus, sect. ii. Loxan-
thera, D. C. prod. 4. p. 316.
LIN. SYST. Hexdndria, Monogynia. Flowers hermaphrodite.
Tube of corolla geniculated at the base, but clavate, and rather
oblique at the apex, with a 6-lobed limb ; lobes oblong, atten-
uated at the base, and somewhat spirally twisted. Filaments
stiffly curved at the apex, not attenuated, but somewhat dilated;
anthers inserted by the back. Style longer than the stamens.
Stigma clavate. — Parasitical shrubs.
1 L. SPECIOSA (Blum, in litt. 1829.) glabrous; leaves oblong,
obtuse or bluntly acuminated, coriaceous, 1 -nerved, veinless ;
peduncles axillary, few- flowered ; tube of corolla elongated. I;.
P. S. Native of Java, in woods. Loranthus loxanthera, D. C.
prod. 4. p. 316. Bud of corolla 4 inches long, scarlet, but yel-
lowish inside. Stigma blood-coloured.
Shony Loxanthera. Shrub par.
2 L. ? SPIRO'STYLIS ; glabrous ; branches terete, tetragonally
compressed at the apex ; leaves somewhat alternate, petiolate,
oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, having the middle nerve rather
prominent, the rest veinless ; racemes solitary or twin, axillary,
shorter than the leaves ; rachis angular ; petals 6, linear ; anthers
fixed by the back to the filaments ; style spirally twisted. J? .
P. S. Native of Mexico, at Acapulco. Loranthus spirostylis,
D. C. prod. 4. p. 315. Spirostylis Hsenkeana, Presl, ex Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 164. Flowers 2 lines long. This is perhaps a dis-
tinct genus, as it differs from all the others in the twisted style ;
and from the present in the filaments not being curved at the
apex, and in the petals not being spirally twisted.
Scren-styled Loxanthera. Shrub par.
Cult. The species of this genus have the habit of the other
parasitical genera of the order, and are not cultivable like them.
f Plants referred to the old genus Lordnthus by authors, but
the number of the parts of the flowers and their structure being
unknown, it is impossible to refer them to any of the genera
broken off from that genus ; therefore they must stand under the
names originally given.
1 L. FLORULE'NTUS (Rich. act. soc. hist. nat. par. p. 107.)
branches opposite, spreading, quadrangular; leaves oblong-
ovate, very blunt ; peduncles solitary and sessile in all the axils.
LORANTHACE^E. XIII. LOXANTHERA. XIII. a GAIADENDRON.
431
J? . P. S. Native of Cayenne. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 157. The
rest unknown.
Flowering Loranthus. Shrub par.
2 L. BRACTEA'TUS (Rich. 1. c.) leaves oblong, rather falcate,
nerved ; peduncles bifid ; bractea terminal, cordate, 3-flowered.
fj . P. S. Native of Cayenne. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 161. The
rest unknown.
ZJractozte-flowered Loranthus. Shrub par.
3 L. TERNIFLORUS (Willd. rel. ex Schultes, syst. 7. p. 161.)
branches terete ; leaves oblong, petiolate, acute ; racemes axil-
lary ; peduncles 3-flowered. Jj . P. S. Native of Caraccas.
Three-flowered Loranthus. Shrub par.
4 L. LAURINUS (Willd. rel. ex Schultes, syst. 7. p. 162.)
leaves coriaceous, oblong, acute, tapering into the petioles ;
flowers terminal, aggregate. ?j . P. S. Native of South
America.
Laurel-like Loranthus. Shrub par.
5 L. CARDIPHY'LLUS (Willd. rel. ex Schultes, syst. 7. p. 162.)
leaves ovate-cordate, stem-clasping, obtuse ; flowers terminal,
spicately aggregate. Jj . P. S. Native of South America.
Heart-leaved Loranthus. Shrub par.
6 L. TUBULOSUS (Willd. rel. ex Schultes, syst. 7. p. 162.)
leaves lanceolate, acute ; flowers tubular, somewhat spicate, ter-
minal. Fj . P. S. Native of South America.
Tubular Loranthus. Shrub par.
7 L. GNEOROI'DES (Willd. rel. ex Schultes, syst. 7. p. 162.)
leaves lanceolate, attenuated at the base, obtuse, glaucous, much
longer than the spikes ; spikes axillary and terminal, Fj . P. S.
Native of South America.
Gneorum-like Loranthus. Shrub par.
8 L. MULTIFLORUS (Willd. rel. ex Schultes, syst. 7. p. 162.)
leaves ovate, acuminated, longer than the racemes ; racemes
axillary ; peduncles 3-flowered. T? . P. S. Native of South
America.
Many-flowered Loranthus. Shrub par.
9 L. ALTERNA'TUS (Willd. rel. ex Schultes, syst. 7. p. 162.)
leaves oblong, attenuately acuminated at the apex ; flowers
axillary and terminal, panicled. Fj . P. S. Native of South
America.
Alt.ernate-\ea.ve& Loranthus. Shrub par.
10 L. OBVALLA'TUS (Schultes, syst. 7. p. 162.) leaves oblong,
obtuse, coriaceous ; flowers terminal, racemosely panicled ; pe-
dicels 3-flowered ; bracteas ovate, longer than the calyx. Fj . P.
S. Native of South America. Loranthus bracteatus, Willd. rel.
but not of Roxb.
Environed Loranthus. Shrub par.
11 L. MICRO'STACHYS (Willd. rel. ex Schultes, syst. 7. p. 162.)
leaves elliptic-roundish, petiolate ; racemes cymose, axillary, 4
times smaller than the leaves. F? . P. S. Native of South Ame-
rica. The rest unknown.
Small-spiked Loranthus. Shrub par.
12 L. MACRO'STACHYS (Willd. rel. ex Schultes, syst. 7. p. 162.)
leaves oblong, attenuated at both ends, bluntish, coriaceous ;
spikes sessile, longer than the leaves, verticillate. Fj . P. S.
Native of South America. The rest unknown.
Long-spiked Loranthus. Shrub par.
1 3 L. MEMBRANA'CEUS (Willd. rel. ex Schultes, syst. 7. p.
162.) leaves ovate, drawn out at the apex, attenuated, membra-
nous, nerved ; flowers twin, 2 inches long. Fj . P. S. Native
of South America. The rest unknown.
Membranous-leaved Loranthus. Shrub par.
14 L. CELTIDIFOLIUS (Willd. rel. ex Schultes, syst. 7. p. 161.)
leaves ovate, oblique, glaucous beneath ; peduncles axillary, ag-
gregate. Tj . P. S. Native of Guinea. The rest unknown.
Celtis-leaved Loranthus. Shrub par.
15 L. MACULA'TUS (Blum, bijdr. p. 662.) leaves opposite or
alternate, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, acute at the base, spotted with
black, coriaceous, glabrous ; flowers unknown. Fj . P. S. Na-
tive of Java, in the province of Bamtam.
Spotted-leaved. Loranthus. Shrub par.
16 L. EUCALYPTOIDES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 318.) glabrous;
branches terete, dichototnous ; leaves opposite, petiolate, lan-
ceolate-linear, acutish, thick-coriaceous, almost veinless. fj . P.
G. Native of New Holland. L. eucalyptifolius, Sieb. fl. nov.
holl. no. 242. but not of Kunth. Leaves 3-4 inches long, and
6-7 lines broad. Petioles 6 lines long. Flowers and fruit un-
known. Schnltes, syst. 7. p. 163.
Eucalyptus- like Loranthus. Shrub par.
17 L. HOFFMANSEGGIA'NUS (Willd. in Schultes, syst. 7. p.
113.) leaves ovate-oblong, acute; racemes axillary, usually
twin ; flowers verticillate. Fj . P. S. Native of Brazil, at
Para. Lor. verticillatus, Hoffmansegg in herb. Willd. Flowers
pentandrous.
Hoffmansegg' s Loranthus. Shrub par.
f f Species only known by name.
1 L. acaci<z-NU6licce, Oudh. in Brown, append. 2. 2 L.
calycmus, R. Brown, in Salt, abyss. 3 L. congestus, R. Br. 1. c.
4 L. Ice'tus, R. Br. 1. c. 5 L. serrulatus, Roxb. ex Steud.
N. B. Asclepias lactifera, Burm. fl. ind. p. 61. is a species of
Loranthus not known.
Tribe II.— Terrestrial shrubs.
XIII. a GAIADE'NDRON (from yata, gaia, the earth, and
SsvSpov, dendron, a tree ; these trees grow in earth and not
parasitical, like other genera broken off from Loranthus). Lo-
ranthus species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Hexa-Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 6-8-toothed.
Petals 6-8, narrow, sometimes free and sometimes joined at the
base. Stamens 6-8, inserted in the petals. Style filiform ;
stigma simple. Ovarium oblong-cylindrical. — Terrestrial trees,
with obovate leaves and racemes of yellow flowers.
1 G. EUGENIOIDES ; arboreous ; branches terete ; leaves
ovate-oblong, acuminated, running down the petioles at the base,
rather coriaceous ; racemes axillary and terminal, solitary or
twin ; pedicels short, approximate, 3-flowered, bractless ; flowers
pedicellate ; corolla 5-6-parted ; lobes linear-acute ; anthers
incumbent. \ . G. Native of Peru, on the Andes, near
Guamcabamba ; and of Brazil. Loranthus eugenioides, H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 435. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 135.
Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 214. Loranthus attenua-
tus, Willd. herb, but not of Pohl. Flowers about half an inch
long, white, sweet-scented. Racemes 1^ to 3 inches long.
Eugenia-like Gaiadendron. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
2 G. TA\»UA ; arboreous ; branches terete ; leaves oblong,
acute, running down the petioles at the base, coriaceous, shining
above and dotted beneath ; racemes axillary, solitary ; pedicels
short, usually 3 together, approximate, bearing each 3 bracteas
and 3 flowers ; flowers on short pedicels ; petals 7, spreading,
linear, acute. ^ . G. Native about Santa Fe de Bogota.
Loranthus Tagua, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 436.
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 159. Loranthus arboreus, Mutis mss.
Leaves 3| inches long, and 14-18 lines broad ; petioles 6 lines
long. Flowers 9 lines long. Berry ovate-oblong. Very like
N. punctatus.
Tagua Gaiadendron. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
3 G. LAURIFOLIUM ; arboreous ; glabrous ; branchlets angu-
lar ; leaves elliptic-oblong, bluntish, running into the petioles at
the base, coriaceous, shining above ; racemes axillary and soli-
tary, terminal, and panicled ; pedicels short, usually by threes,
approximate, bearing each 3 bracteas and 3 sessile flowers ;
432
LORANTHACEjE. XIII. a GAIADENDRON. XIII. b NUYTSIA. XIV. SCH<EPFIA.
petals 7-8, linear, rather dilated at the apex; anthers incumbent.
T? . G. Native about Santa Fe de Bogota. Loranthus laurifolius,
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 436. Schultes, syst. 7.
p. 160. Leaves 2^-3 inches long, and 12-15 lines broad;
petioles 3 lines long. Flowers 9 lines long, glabrous.
Laurel-leaved Gaiadendron. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
4 G. NI'TIDUM ; arboreous, glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves
petiolate, oblong, obtuse at both ends, coriaceous, shining above,
veinless, having the middle nerve obsolete ; corymbs terminal ;
peduncles bearing each 2-3 flowers and 3 bracteas ; flowers ses-
sile ; petals 8, linear; anthers incumbent, fj . G. Native
of the Andes of Quito, in Paramo de Saraguru, in temperate
parts. Loranthus nitidus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 437. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 160. Leaves 2 inches long, and
10 lines broad ; petioles 4 lines long. Flowers sweet-scented,
about an inch long, yellow, glabrous. Berries ovate.
Shining-leaved Gaiadendron. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
5 G. PURACE'NSE ; arboreous, glabrous ; branches terete ;
leaves lanceolate-oblong, acutish, running into the petioles at the
base, coriaceous, shining above, and beset with black spots be-
neath ; racemes terminal ; peduncles short, 3-5-together, ap-
proximate, each bearing 3 bracteas, and from 1-3 flowers ; petals
6-8, linear. Tj . G. Native on the Andes, about Popayan,
in Paramo de Purace. Loranthus Puracensis, H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 437. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 160. Leaves
22-27 lines long, and 9-10 broad; petioles 4 lines long.
Racemes 4-6 inches long. Corolla yellow. Perhaps sufficiently
distinct from N. 'J'agua.
Purace Gaiadendron. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
6 G. PUNCTA'TUM ; arboreous, glabrous ; branches terete :
leaves obovate or oval, somewhat attenuated at the base into the
short petioles, coriaceous, beset with black dots beneath, having
the middle nerve rather prominent ; racemes long, terminal, and
from the axils of the superior leaves ; peduncles somewhat ver-
ticillate, bearing each 3 bracteas and 3 sessile flowers at the
apex ; petals 6, linear-spatulate ; anthers incumbent, fixed by
the back near the base to the filaments. tj . G. Native of
the Andes of Peru, in cold places in groves. Loranthus punc-
tatus, Ruiz et Pav. fl. par. 3. p. 47. t. 177. f. a. Presl, in herb.
Haenke, Schultes, syst. 7. p. 134. Leaves 2 inches long, and 1
broad ; petioles 2-3 lines long. Corolla yellow, almost an inch
long before expansion. Berry ovate-roundish, crowned by the
limb of the calyx, which is truncate.
Doited-leaved Notanthera. Tree par.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Nuytsia.
XIII. b NUY'TSIA (named after Peter Nuyts, a cele-
brated Dutch navigator, and discoverer of that part of New
Holland called Nuytsland). R. Br. in geogr. soc. trans, vol. 1.
.LiN. SYST. Hexdndria, Monogynia. Teeth of calyx 3-5,
unequal. Petals 6-7, linear, distinct. Stamens 6-7, inserted
towards the middle of the petals ; anthers versatile, sub-hastate,
2-celled. Ovarium turbinate, rather trigonal. Style subulate ;
stigma acute. Fruit 1 -seeded, covered by pulp or glutin, and
of a different texture from the rest of the Loranthaceous genera.
— A terrestrial tree, native of New Holland.
1 N. FLORIBU'NDA ; arboreous, glabrous ; branches terete ;
leaves alternate, linear, obtuse, thick ; racemes elongated, sim-
ple ; peduncles longer than the flowers, bearing each 3 bracteas
and 3 flowers at the apex. T? . G. Native of New Holland,
in Van Lewin's Land. Loranthus floribundus, Labill. nov. holl.
1. p. 87. t. 113. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 133. Loranthus celas-
troides, Sieb. fl. nov. holl. exsic. no. 244. Leaves 2-3 inches
long, and 4-5 lines broad. Racemes 6-8 inches long, crowded
at the tops of the branches. Corolla 9-10 lines long, sulphur-
coloured.
Bundle-flowered Nuytsia. Clt. 1831. Tree 15 to 25 feet.
Cult. A mixture of sand, loam, and peat will be a good soil
for this singular tree. Cuttings will probably root if planted in
sand under a hand-glass.
XIV. SCHO'EPFIA (named after John Schcepf, a German
botanist, who has written upon the plants in the neighbourhood
of Ulm). Schreb. gen. no. 323. D.Don, prod. fl. nep. 145.
Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 188. D. C. coll. mem. vi.— Codo-
nium, Vahl, act. soc. hist. nat. hafn. 1. p. 206. t. 6. — Hae'nkea,
Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 8. but not of their prod.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Flowers hermaphrodite.
Margin of calyx entire ; tube adnate to the ovarium, very nar-
row, calyculate at the base. Corolla gamopetalous, tubular,
with a 5-cleft limb, rarely with a 4-6 cleft limb ; lobes valvate
in aestivation. Stamens equal in number to the lobes of the
corolla, and situated in front of them, and having the filaments
adnate to the tube ; anthers ovate or roundish, dehiscing later-
ally by a double chink. Style erect, truncate ; stigma capitate
or 3-lobed. Ovarium 3-celled, with a solitary ovulum in each
cell. Drupe containing a 3-celled 3-seeded nucleus, or only
1 -seeded from abortion. Embryo minute, placed in the vertex
of the albumen, which is amygdaline : with a turbinate radicle. —
Small smooth terrestrial trees. Leaves alternate, petiolate, en-
tire, feather-nerved. Peduncles axillary, usually many flowered.
— This genus comes near to Caprifoliacece from the gamope-
talous corolla and 3-celled fruit ; but differs from it, and agrees
with Loranthacece, in the stamens being in front of the lobes of
the corolla, and in the flowers being calyculate. It also agrees
with the order Symplocinece in the 3-celled fruit.
* Tube of corolla ovate, nith a naked throat. — American
species.
1 S. ARBORE'SCENS (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 160.) leaves
ovate; peduncles axillary, usually twin, 1-3-flowered. fj . S.
Native of the islands of Santa Cruz, Montserrat, ex Rohr ; and
of Guadaloupe, ex Bertero ; but in Rohr's specimen the leaves
are obtuse, while in that of Vahl's they are acuminated : they
are therefore probably distinct species. Codonium arborescens,
Vahl. act. soc. hafn. 2. pt. 1. p. 206. t. 6. symb. bot. 3. p. 36.
S. Schreberi, Lam. ill. 2. p. 51. S. Americana, Willd. spec. 1.
p. 996. Flowers yellow.
Arborescent Schcepfia. Tree 8 to 10 feet.
2 S. FLEXUOSA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 160.) leaves
ovate-lanceolate, acute ; racemes axillary, solitary, 4-5-flowered ;
tube of corolla ovate : lobes acute : throat naked, t? . G. Na-
tive of Peru, on the Andes, on the mountains at Pillao and St.
Antonio de Playa Grande. Hae'nkea flexuosa, Ruiz et Pav. fl.
per. 3. p. 8. t. 231. Leaves 3-4 inches long. Branches flexu-
ous, diffuse. Corolla yellow.
Flexuous-bTanched Schcepfia. Tree 10 to 12 feet.
* * Tube of corolla terete, having the throat furnished with
fascicles of hairs at the origin of the stamens. — Species natives of
Asia.
3 S. FRA'GRANS (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 188.) leaves Ian- |
ceolate or elliptic-oblong, attenuated at both ends ; racemes
axillary, solitary, many-flowered ; corolla infundibuliform, with
a long cylindrical tube : segments of corolla lanceolate, acute.
Tj . G. Native of Nipaul, in less elevated situations from
Becheako as far as the valley, where it is rather common ; it
has also been found in more northern situations. Wall. tent. fl.
nep. 1. p. 18. t. 9. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 145. Symphori-
carpos? oclorata, Ham. ex D. Don, 1. c. Bark of tree thick and
spongy, yellowish. Leaves deep green above. Flowers yellow,
LORANTHACEjE. XIV. SCHCEPPIA. XV. AUCUBA. CHLORANTHE.E.
433
exquisitely fragrant, even after being dried, disposed in racemes,
which are about half the length of the leaves. Ovarium sup-
ported by a calyciform bractea like the rest of the species, which
is divided into 2 or 3 unequal acute segments. Corolla rather
fleshy ; tube nearly an inch long. Drupe pale yellow, almost
white, about the size of an olive, 1 -seeded from abortion. The
perfume of the flowers is of a most delightful kind, and may be
perceived on steeping them in warm water even long after they
have been dried.
Fragrant Schoepfia. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
4 S. ACUMINA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 486.) leaves ovate, acumi-
nated, obtuse at the base ; racemes axillary, many flowered ;
tube of corolla terete : lobes bluntish. T? . G. Native of Ni-
paul, on the Pundua mountains. Flowers yellow ?
Acuminated-\ea.\e& Schoepfia. Tree 10 to 12 feet.
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit these trees ;
and young cuttings of them will be easily rooted if planted in
sand, and placed under a hand-glass.
XV. AU'CUBA (the Japanese name of the shrub). Thunb.
fl. jap. p. 4. Lam. ill. t. 759. D. C. prod. 4. p. 274.— Au-
kuba, Kcempf. amoen. 5. p. 775. — Eubasis, Salisb. prod. p. 68.
LIN. SYST. Dioecia, Tetrdndria. Flowers dioecious. Calyx
closely adhering, with the margin a little elevated and 4-toothed :
teeth obtuse, very short. Petals 4, deciduous, alternating with
the calycine teeth, inserted in the margin of the elevated flesh,
4-angled disk ovate, acuminated, fleshy, with the margin trun-
cate on one side, and minutely papillose on both surfaces, val-
vate in aestivation, induplicate at the apex. Stamens 4, opposite
the petals ? Ovarium cylindrical, adhering closely to the tube
of the calyx, 1-celled, containing one ovulum. Style very short,
thick, terete : stigma capitate, thick, fleshy, viscid, obsoletely
2-lobed. Berry fleshy, 1 -seeded, crowned by the permanent
style. The rest unknown. — A small evergreen tree, native of
Japan ; branches dichotomous or verticillate in the manner of
Lordnthus and Vlscum. Leaves opposite, petiolate, broad, ovate-
lanceolate, acuminated, toothed, coriaceous, glabrous, shining,
pale green, beautifully spotted with yellow, having the mid-rib
rather prominent, the rest of the leaf reticulately veined. Pe-
tioles cylindrical. Flowers small, panicled. Panicles many,
spike-formed, pedunculate ; peduncles rather villous. Bracteas
lanceolate, membranous, pale, caducous. Calyx beset with ad-
pressed villi. Petals dark blood coloured. The buds are large,
angular, imbricated from conduplicate stipulas ; the leaves are
large, toothed, and veiny, and the petioles are articulated with
the branches and dilated at the base ; hence there is some ana-
logy in the genus to Frdxinus. This genus was included by
Jussieu in the order Rhamni ; but from its having no affinity
whatever to either of the families into which that order has been
since divided, its place in the natural system has remained unde-
termined ; and perhaps also from its want of novelty, the plant
has been despised by botanists, and its characters and affinities
consequently overlooked. Like the Salix Babylonica, or weep-
ing-willow, too, we possess only one sex of the tree in Europe,
and that the female, which circumstance has likewise prevented
its being accurately examined. The structure of the female
flower agrees so exactly with that of Vucum, that, notwith-
standing the different mode of growth of the two genera, and
the absence of more accurate details respecting the male blos-
soms, and the ripe fruit, its arrangement among the Loran-
thacece appears fully justified. It will ultimately be found the
connecting link between the Araliacece and the present family.
1 A. JAPONIC A (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 64.) Tj . H. Native of
Japan. Banks, icon. Kcempf. t. 6. Thunb. icon. fl. jap. t. 12
and 13. Sims, bot. mag. 1197. Eubasis dichotomus, Salisb.
prod. p. 68. The Aucuba is a well known laurel-like evergreen
VOL. III.
shrub, having the leaves mottled with yellow ; but in Japan the
leaves are said to be sometimes green by Thunberg. According
to Kcempfer, the fruit is a red oblong drupe, like a laurel-berry,
with a white sweetish pulp, and a kernel with a bitter taste.
The shrub is called in the gardens aticuba or spotted-leaved
laurel.
Japan Aucuba. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1783. Shrub 6 to
10 feet.
Cult. This is a showy evergreen shrub, well adapted for
shrubberies and small gardens. It is easily increased by cut-
tings from the young wood planted in autumn under a hand-
glass or by layers. The shrub will grow in any soil.
ORDER CXXVIII. CHLORA'NTHE.E (plants agreeing with
Chloranthus in particular characters). R. Br. in bot. mag. 2190.
(1821) and in Parry, voy. 1824. Lindl. coll. bot. 17. (1821).
Blum. fl. jav. (1829) vol. 1.
Flowers disposed in spikes, hermaphrodite or unisexual ; with
a supporting tridentate calyx. Stamens lateral ; if more than
one connate definite ; anthers 2-4-celled, bursting lengthwise,
each adnate to a fleshy connective, which coheres laterally in
various degrees ; filaments slightly adhering to the ovarium,
which is 1-celled ; stigma simple, sessile ; ovulum pendu-
lous. Fruit drupaceous, indehiscent. Seed pendulous. Em-
bryo minute, placed at the apex of a fleshy albumen ; having
the radicle inferior, and consequently remote from the hilum ;
cotyledons divaricate. — Herbaceous plants or under shrubs, with
an aromatic taste. Stems jointed, tumid under the articulations.
Leaves opposite, simple, with sheathing petioles, and minute
intervening stipulas. Flowers disposed in terminal loose slen-
der spikes.
This order is nearly allied to Loranthacece, from which it
differs in the tridentate calyx, in the want of petals, in the
fewer stamens, in the structure of the anthers, and in the inferior
radicle, &c. It is said to be nearly allied to Sarurece and Pi-
peracece, from both of which it differs in the want of a sack to
the embryo, and in the pendulous ovulum, and opposite leaves
with intermediate stipulas. The anthers consist of a fleshy
mass, upon the face of which the cell lies that bears the pollen ;
whether their anthers are 1 or 2-celled is a matter of doubt, one
botanist considering those that have 2 cells to be double anthers,
another understanding those with 1 cell to be half anthers. This
order comes nearest in affinity to Rubidceee, tribe Opercularineae.
The whole plant of Chloranthus qfficinalis has an aromatic
fragrant smell, which is gradually dissipated in drying ; but its
roots retain a fragrant camphorated smell, and an aromatic
somewhat bitter flavour. They are found to possess very nearly
the properties of Aristolbchia serpentaria, and in a high degree.
There seems to be no doubt but that it is a stimulant of the
highest order.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 CHLORA'NTHUS. Flowers hermaphrodite. Anther seated
on the side of the ovarium, undivided and 2-celled, or trilobed
and 4-celled. Ovarium 1-ovulate. Drupel-seeded.
2 ASCARI'NA. Spikes dioecious. Filament short ; anther
oblong, 4-furrowed, and probably 4-celled. Stigma 3-lobed.
Drupe 1 -seeded.
3 K
434
CHLORANTHEyE. I. CHLORANTIIUS. II. ASCAHINA. III. HEDYOSMUM.
3 HEDYOSMUM. Flowers monoecious. Male aments oblong,
naked ; anthers numerous, closely imbricated. Female flowers
in racemes, with a tridentate calyx. Drupe trigonal, 1 -seeded,
clothed by the baccate calyx.
I. CHLORA'NTHUS (from XA">poc, chloros, green, and a*-
Ooe, anthos, a flower ; the flowers are green). Swartz, in phil.
trans. 77. p. 359. Lher. sert. angl. 1. p. 35. R. Brown, in bot.
mag. 2190. Blum. fl. jav. 1. p. 7. — Nigrina, Thunb. nov. gen.
p. 58. fl. jap. p. 65. — Creodus, Lour. coch. p. 89. Ascarina
species, Blum. enum. pi. jav. 1. p. 79. — Cryphae'a, Hamilt. in
edinb. phil. journ. 1825. vol. 2. p. 9.
LIN. SYST. Mon6.nd.na, Monogynia, R. Br. Gynandria, Tri-
andria, Spreng. Calyx tridentate or wanting. Corolla wanting.
Anther seated on the side of the ovarium, undivided, and 2-
celled, or trilobed and 4-celled : in the latter case the middle
lobe alone is perfect and 2- celled, while the 2 lateral lobes are
imperfect and only 1 -celled. Ovarium 1-seeded: ovulum pen-
dulous ; stigma capitate. Drupe I-seeded. — Small subherba-
ceous shrubs : with opposite toothed leaves, and slender spikes
of inconspicuous flowers.
1 C. OFFICINA'LIS (Blum. enum. pi. jav. 1. p. 79. fl. jav. 1.
p. 10. t. 1.) stem suffruticose ; leaves oval-oblong, or lanceo-
late, the superior ones more acuminated than the rest ; spikes
branched, terminal ; anther 3-lobed : middle lobe perfect and
2-celled : lateral ones imperfect and 1 -celled. ^ . G. Native
of Java, in high mountain woods. Straopha Noronha, ined.
Berries white. The plant has an aromatic and fragrant smell,
and is a stimulant of the highest order. It is used in medicine
by the Javanese.
Officinal Chloranthus or Chu-Lan. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
2 C. BRACHY'STACHYS (Blum. fl. jav. 1. p. 13. t. 2.) stem
suffruticose ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends,
serrated ; spikes branched, terminal ; anther undivided, 2-
celled. fj . G. Native of Java, in the provinces of Bamtam
and Krawang, in woods on the higher mountains. Ascarina
serrata, Blum, enum. pi. jav. 1. p. 180.
Short-spiked Chloranthus or Chu-Lan. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
3 C. MONO'STACHYS (R. Br. in bot. mag. t. 2190. Lindl. coll.
t. 171.) stem suffruticose; leaves elliptic, serrated, acuminated;
spikes solitary, simple ; flowers alternate ; anther incurved, 3-
lobed : the middle lobe 2-celled and perfect, and the lateral
lobes 1 -celled and imperfect, fj . G. Native of China. Flowers
yellowish.
One-spiked Chloranthus or Chu-Lan. Fl. Feb. May. Clt.
1819. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
4 C. INCONSPICUUS (Swartz, in phil. trans, vol. 77. p. 359. t.
15.) suffruticose; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, serrated, pale
beneath ; spikes axillary, branched : branches alternate ; flowers
opposite ; anther 3-lobed : middle lobe perfect and 2-celled, the
lateral ones imperfect and 1-celled. b . G. Native of China
and Japan. Nigrina spicata, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 65.
Inconspicuous Chloranthus or Chu-Lan. Fl. April, Sept. Clt.
1781. Shrub 1 foot.
5 C. MONA'NDER (R. Br. in bot. mag. under no. 2190.) spikes'
brachiate ; flowers opposite ? anther undivided, 2-celled, perfect.
I? . G. Native of China.
Monandrous Chloranthus or Chu-Lan. Fl. June. Clt. 1817.
Shrub 1 to 1£ foot.
6 C. ELA'TIOR (R. Br. 1. c.) shrubby ; leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, serrated, petiolate : spikes slender, Ions, reflexed, crowded,
nearly terminal ; anther 3-lobed, the middle lobe perfect, 2-
celled, the lateral lobes imperfect and 1-celled. fj . G. Native
of China and Cochinchina. Creodus odorifer, Lour. coch. p.
89. Flowers small, yellow, sweet-scented. Branches long,
somewhat scandent. In Cochinchina this plant is grown in gar-
dens for the sake of the scent of the flowers.
Taller Chloranthus or Chu-Lan. Shrub 6 feet.
7 C. SERRA'TUS (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3, p. 461.) leaves
ovate-oblong, acute, doubly serrated ; spikes brachiate, axillary.
Ij.G. Native of Japan, in the interior of the islands. Nigrina
serrata, Thunb. act. ups. t. 7. p. 142. t. 5. f. 1. Stem simple,
about a foot high. Leaves a hand long, having the serratures
acute.
Serrated-leaved Chloranthus or Chu-Lan. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. A mixture of loam, sand, and a little peat, is a good
soil for the species of Chlordnthus ; and they are easily in-
creased by cuttings under a hand-glass, or by suckers.
II. ASCARPNA (from aaKapig, ascaris, ascarides, or small
round worms ; the name is applied to this genus because the
anthers are formed like small worms). Forst. char. gen. t. 59.
LIN. SYST. Mondndria, Monogynia. Spikes filiform, dioeci-
ous. Perianthium a very short scale. Filament short ; anther
oblong, 4-furrowed, and probably 4-celled. Style wanting:
stigma somewhat 3-lobed, adnate to the ovarium. — A tree, with
oblong-serrated stalked leaves, and sheathing stipulas at the base
of the petioles.
1 A. POLYSTA'CHYA (Forst. 1. c.) ^ . G. Native of the Society
Islands.
Many-spiked Ascarina. Tree.
Cult. See Chlordnthus above for culture and propagation.
III. HEDYO'SMUM (from f]Sv, hedy, sweetness, and
osme, a smell ; the plants are sweet-scented). Humb. et Bonpl.
nov. gen. 7. p. 634, 635. Swartz, fl. ind. 2. p. 957. t. 8. Schreb.
gen. 2. p. 1453. — Tafalla, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per.
LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Flowers monoecious.
Male aments oblong, naked, without scales and perianthia.
Filaments none ; anthers numerous, closely imbricated, oblong,
2-celled, furnished with a mucronate process. Female flowers
with a monophyllous tridentate calyx. Style very short, trique-
trous : stigma simple, obtuse. Drupe trigonal, 1-seeded, cover-
ed by the baccate calyx. — Small shrubs, with opposite branches
and leaves. Leaves serrated. Flowers monoecious, male ones
disposed in aments, and the female ones in racemes.
1 H. NU'TANS (Swartz, fl. ind. occid. 2. p. 959. prod. p. 84.)
frutescent; branches lax; leaves lanceolate, acuminated ; petioles
short, connate on both sides from stipulaceous membranous
sheaths at the base, which are retuse and ciliated on the margins.
J? . G. Native of Jamaica, in woods, on the highest mountains.
Shrub branched. Branchlets tetragonal, jointed, rising from
the axils of the sheaths of the petioles. Leaves serrated, pale
green. Male aments pedunculate, oblong, nutant, filiform, rising
from the sheaths of the petioles. Female racemes terminal and
axillary from the same axils as the male ones, usually tripartite.
Calyx tridentate. Drupe triquetrous, hard, shining, brown,
clothed by the roundish, scarlet, fleshy calyx. The whole plant
has a grateful smell, and an aromatic hot taste.
Nodding-spiked Hedyosmum. Shrub 1 to 4 feet.
2 H. RACEMOSA ; leaves oblong, serrated, short-acuminated ;
female peduncles twin, racemose, flexuous. Tj . G. Native of
Peru, at Cuchero and Pillao, where it is called Carpales and
Aytacupi. Tafalla racemosa, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. syst. p. 271.
There is a white pellucid sweet-scented resin issues from this
plant, which has the scent of gum-anime.
Racemose- flowered Hedyosmum. Tree 15 feet.
3 H. ARBORE'SCENS (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 961. prod. p.
84.) arborescent ; branches straight, erect ; leaves ovate-lanceo-
late ; sheaths of petioles cucullate, bidentate ; male aments ob-
long, usually twin ; female racemes tripartite, fy . G. Native
CHLORANTHE.E. III. HEDYOSMUM. CAPRIFOLIACEJE.
435
of Jamaica and Martinico, on the higher mountains. Branches
angular near the sheaths of the petioles, kneed, rather fleshy.
Leaves serrated, attenuated and obtuse at the apex, brownish
green, shining. Stipulaceous sheaths large, cucullate, bidentate
at both sides. Female flowers crowded on the racemes by
threes, sessile. Scales 3-4 under the flowers. Ovarium trigo-
nal. Style triquetrous : stigma obtuse. Fruit white, rather
diaphanous. Calyx baccate, like that of the first species.
Arborescent Hedyosmum. Shrub 12 to 16 feet.
4 H. HIRSU'TUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 164.)
sheaths and leaves oblong, serrated, hairy beneath. fj . S.
Native of New Granada.
//airy-leaved Hedyosmum. Shrub.
5 H. OLABRA'TUM(H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 165.
t. 635.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrated, rough ; aments and
strobiles tern. Jj.S. Native of Peru, in Pati and Muna, where it
is called Aytacupi ; and New Granada. Tafalla scabra, Ruiz
et Pav. fl. per. syst. p. 270.
Smooth Hedyosmum. Tree 20 feet.
6 H. BONPLANDIA'NUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 7. p. 164.
t. 634-635.) leaves oblong, acuminated, glabrous, serrated ;
male peduncles twin, 3-spiked : those of the female branched.
Tj . S. Native of Peru, in the mountains of Cuchero and Aco-
mago, where it is called Ayacupi and Almacijas ; and New
Granada. Tafalla glauca, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. syst. p. 271.
Honpland's Hedyosmum. Tree 25 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Chlordnthus, p. 434.
with the exception that the species require more heat. They
are shrubs of ho beauty.
ORDER CXXIX. CAPRIFOLIA'CE^l (this order agrees
with Caprifolium or Honeysuckle). Juss. gen. p. 110. (exclu-
sive of sects. 2 and 4.) Rich. diet, class. 3. p. 172. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 321.
Calyx having the tube adhering to the ovarium (f. 77. c.); and
the limb free and 5-lobed (f. 77. d. f. 78. a.). Corolla gamo-
petalous (f. 77. 6. f. 78. b. f. 79. &.), inserted in the calyx,
with the tube short (f. 77. 6.), or long (f. 78. 6.), and the limb
5-lobed (f. 77. 6.), and sometimes irregular (f. 78. b. f. 79. 6.),
not valvate in aestivation. Stamens inserted in the calyx, and
adnate to the corolla at the base (f. 82./. f. 79. c.), and alternating
with its lobes, and equal in number to them (one of which is
sometimes abortive), sometimes exserted (f. 79. c. f. 78. c.),
sometimes inclosed (f. 82. /. f. 81. 6.) ; filaments subulate;
anthers ovate, 2-celled. Ovarium adnate to the calyx, while
young 3-celled (f. 77. e.). Style exserted (f. 78. c.) or want-
ing ; stigmas 3, sometimes distinct, sometimes combined into a
head. Berry crowned by the limb of the calyx (f. 77. d. f.
81. g.\ usually pulpy, rarely almost dry, many-celled in the
adult state, but often 1 -celled from the dissepiments, which are
very thin, having vanished. Seeds inverted, solitary, twin, or
numerous in the cells, but sometimes many of them are abor-
tive ; spermaderm crustaceous. Embryo in the centre of a
fleshy albumen ; with a superior radicle, and 2 ovate-oblong
cotyledons. — Shrubs, rarely herbs or trees. Leaves opposite,
exstipulate (rarely furnished with 2 small stipulas at the base
of each petiole) simple, undivided, toothed, rarely pinnate,
feather-nerved. Flowers terminal, corymbose, or axillary.
Taking Lonicera for the type of the order, there will be
found a striking affinity with Rubiaceee, Tribe Cinchonacece in
the monopetalous tubular corolla, definite stamens, inferior ova-
rium, and opposite leaves, an affinity which is confirmed by the
corolla of the latter being occasionally regular or irregular.
With Apocynece it has an intimate alliance for the same reasons,
differing chiefly in their qualities, with the non-connivance of
the anthers, the aestivation of the corolla, and the structure of
the fruit. To Loranthdcece they also approach, in the structure
of the flowers and berries. Besides these points of affinity,
Caprifolidcece probably tends towards Umbelliferce through
Sambucus, from the fetid divided leaves and half herbaceous
habit. The genus Triosleum appears to be a link between this
order and Rubiaceee. The fragrance and beauty of the honey-
suckle tribe have been the theme of many a poet's song. They
consist either of twining or erect shrubs, with clusters of trum-
pet-shaped, fragrant, white, scarlet, or yellow flowers ; or of
fine bushes : having cymes of white blossoms. The honey-
suckle is the representative of the former and the elder of the
latter. Here too is found the modest and delicate Linnce'a
boreatts, which, however inferior its attractions for the vulgar
eye may be to those of its more ostentatious neighbours, yields
to none of them in elegance or interest for the botanist ; but
independently of such recommendations, they possess properties
of considerable interest. Their bark is generally astringent ;
that of Lonicera corymbosa is used for dying black in Chili.
The flowers of the elder are fragrant, soporific, and sudorific,
its leaves and inner bark fetid, emetic, and a drastic purgative,
qualities which are also possessed by the honeysuckle. The
fruit of Viburnum is destitute of these properties, but has in-
stead an austere, astringent pulp, which becomes eatable after
fermentation, and is made into a sort of cake by the American
Indians. Triosteum perfolialum is a mild cathartic ; in large
doses it produces vomiting ; and its dried or roasted berries
have been used as coffee. All caprifoliaceous plants love shady
and cool places in both hemispheres, but few have been found
in such as endure a very severe climate.
Synopsis of the genera.
TRIBE I.
SAMBU'CE^E. Corolla gamopetalous, regular, rotate (f. 74. a.
f. 75. a.) ; petals 5, only connected a little at the base, rarely
tubular. Style wanting. Stigmas 3, sessile.
1 SAMBU'CUS. Limb of calyx 5-cleft. Corolla rotate (f. 74.
a.), urceolate. Berry roundish, pulpy, 1 -celled, 3-4-seeded
(f. 74. 5.), hardly crowned (f. 74. e.).
2 VIBU'RNUM. Limb of calyx 5-cleft (f. 76. a.), permanent.
Corolla rotate (f. 75. a. f. 76. b.~), sub-campanulate or tubular.
Berry ovate or globose, 1 -seeded from abortion, crowned by the
calycine teeth.
TRIBE II.
LONICE'REJE. Corolla gamopetalous (f. 77. b. f. 78. b.) more
(f. 78. 6.) or less (f. 77. b.) tubular, usually irregular (f. 78. b.
f. 79. b.). Style filiform (f. 78. c.), crowned by 3 distinct or
concrete stigmas.
3 K 2
136
CAPRIFOLIACE^E. I. SAMBUCUS.
3 TRIOSTEUM. Calyx with an ovate tube and a 5-parted
permanent limb (f. 77. a.). Corolla gibbous at the base, almost
equally 5-lobed (f. 77. &.). Stamens inclosed. Stigmas oblong,
thick. Berry coriaceous, obovately triquetrous (f. 77. c.),
crowned by the calyx (f. 77. d.), 3-celled (f. 77. «.), 3-seeded.
4 DIERVI'LLA. Calyx bibracteate at the base, with an oblong
tube and a 5-parted limb. Corolla funnel-shaped, 3-cleft.
Stigma capitate. Capsule oblong, not crowned, 1 -celled, many-
seeded. Seeds minute.
5 LONICE'RA. Tube of calyx S-toothed (f. 78. a.). Corolla
tubular (f. 78. b. f. 79. b.), funnel-shaped (f. 79. b.), or cam-
panulate (f. 80. a.), with a 5-parted, usually irregular limb (f.
78. b. f. 79. b.). Stigma capitate (f. 78. c.). Berry 3-celled ;
cells few-seeded.
6 LEYCESTE'RIA. Calyx with an ovate tube, and a 5-parted
irregular limb, ciliated with glands. Corolla funnel-shaped, with
the tube gibbous at the base, and the limb 5-parted and cam-
panulate. Stigma capitate. Berry roundish, 5-celled, crowned
by the calyx ; cells many-seeded.
7 SYMPHORICA'RPOS. Calyx with a globose tube (f. 81. c.),
and a small 4-5-toothedlimb. Corolla funnel-shaped (f. 81. e.),
with an almost regular 4-5-lobed limb. Stigma semi-globose.
Berry crowned by the calyx (f. 81. g."), 4-celled, 2 of them
empty, and the other 2 containing 1 seed each.
8 ABE'LIA. Calyx with oblong tube; and a 2-5-parted fo-
liaceous limb. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-lobed, regular. Stamens
4, somewhat didynamous. Stigma capitate. Ovarium 2-celled;
cells 2-seeded. Fruit 1-seeded, crowned by the limb of the
calyx.
9 LINN;EVA. Calyx with an ovate tube (f. 82. a.), and a 6-
parted limb (f. 82. 6.). Corolla turbinate (f. 82. d.), somewhat
campanulate, 5-lobed (f. 82. d.}. Stamens 4, 2 long and 2
short, inclosed. Stigma globose (f. 82. e.). Berry almost dry,
small, ovate-globose, 3-celled.
•j- Genera allied to the present order, but not sufficiently known.
10 AI'DIA. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla hypocrateri-
form, with a woolly throat and a 5-parted limb. Anthers 5,
linear, inserted into the incisures of the corolla. Style equal
to the corolla ; stigma ovate-oblong. Berry ovate, umbilicate,
1-seeded.
11 VALENTIA'NA. Limb of calyx 8-cleft. Corolla tubu-
lar, with a 5-cleft, nearly equal limb. Stamens 4, epipetalous.
Style filiform ; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit 2-celled.
12 KARPA'TON. Limb of calyx 4-toothed. Corolla tubular,
4-cleft, bilabiate. Stamens 2 ; anthers 2-lobed. Style under
the superior lip of the corolla ; stigma simple. Capsule crowned
by the calyx, 1 -celled, 4-seeded.
Tribe I.
SAMBU'CE.S; (containing shrubs agreeing with Sambucus
in the want of the style). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 487. D. C. prod. 4. p. 321.— Sambucineae, Batsch, tab. aff.
p. 238. A. Rich. diet, class. 3. p. 173. Corolla garaopetalous,
regular, rotate, 5-lobed, or the petals are 5, and concrete at the
base, rarely tubular. Style wanting ; stigmas 3, sessile.
I. SAMBtTCUS (from <rafi/3v/ct;, which the Latins have
changed to sambuca, a musical instrument, which is believed to
have been made of elder-wood : this wood has always been
renowned for its hardness). Tourn. inst. 376. Lin. gen. no.
372. Gaertn. fruct. t. 27. Lam. ill. t. 211. Schkuhr, handb.
t. 83. D. C. prod. 4. p. 321. — Phyteuma, Lour. coch. p. 138.
but not of Lin.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Trigynia. Calyx small, but divided
into 5 deep segments, permanent. Corolla rotate (f. 74. a.),
urceolar, 5-lobed ; lobes obtuse. Stamens 5 (f. 74. 6.), about
the length of the corolla ; filaments awl-shaped ; anthers round-
ish, heart-shaped. Style none ; stigmas 3, obtuse. Berry glo-
bular (f. 74. e.), pulpy, of 1 cell, containing 3-5 seeds (f.
74. 6.), which are convex on the outside and angular inside.
— Shrubs, rarely herbaceous; having a strong disagreeable
scent ; stems with a solid spongy pith. Leaves opposite, stalked,
pinnate ; leaflets toothed, pinnate, or jagged, bi-stipellate or
bi-glandular at the base. Flowers white or purplish, disposed in
terminal cymes, which are in some flat and in others thyrsoid.
Berries purplish, cathartic. Those plants of the genus which
have pinnate or jagged leaflets are not true species but only
varieties, all the true species having only toothed leaflets.
* Leaves pinnate. Flowers cymose or corymbose.
FIG. 74.
1 S. E'BULUS (Lin. spec. p.
385.) root fleshy, creeping ; stems
herbaceous, simple, deeply and
unequally furrowed ; leaflets
ovate-lanceolate, acute, sharply
serrated, unequal at their base ;
stipulas foliaceous, cut ; cymes
of 3 main branches ; flowers all
hermaphrodite. I/ . H. Na-
tive of Europe, even to Cauca-
sus, in waste ground about
hedges. In Britain, in like situ-
ations, but not common either
in England or Scotland. Smith,
engl. bot. t. 475. Curt. lond.
3. t. 18. VVoodv. med. bot.
suppl. t. 260. Oed. fl. dan. t. 1156.— Mill,
humilis, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 370.— E'bulus, Math, valgr. 2. p. 608.
with a figure. Cam. epit. 979. with a figure. Leaflets 4-5
inches long, nearly smooth. Flowers all stalked, of a dull purplish
hue, with thick white filaments, whose anthers are reddish. Ber-
ries globose, black, not always perfected, 3-4-seeded.
Our ancestors evinced a just hatred of their brutal enemies
the Danes, in supposing this nauseous, fetid, and noxious plant
to have sprung from their blood ; hence it was formerly called
Dane-wort. Its qualities are violently purgative, sometimes
emetic ; yet a rob of the fruit is said to have been taken with
safety, as far as an ounce. The foliage is not eaten by cattle,
nor will moles come where these leaves, or those of any of the
species are laid. They also drive away mice from granaries,
and the Silesians strew them where their pigs lie, under the per-
suasion that they prevent some of the diseases to which swine
are liable. The specific name is from £w/3o\j/, eubole, an erup-
tion.
Var. /3, humilis (Mill. diet. no. 5.). Mr. Miller makes this
a distinct species. He says that the roots do not creep so
much ; that the stems do not rise so high ; that the leaves
have seldom more than 7 leaflets, and towards the top only 5,
longer and narrower than in the common dwarf elder, deeply cut
on their edges, and ending with winged acute points. If. • H.
Savi collected this variety about Pisa.
CAPRIFOLIACE^E. I. SAMBUCUS.
437
Dwarf-elder or Dane-wort. Fl. July. Brit. PI. 4 to 5 feet.
2 S. CHINE'NSIS (Lindl. hort. trans. 6. p. 297.) root
creeping ; stems herbaceous, warted, with dark furrows ;
leaves pinnate ; leaflets 7-9, oblong-lanceolate, crenately ser-
rated, naked on both surfaces ; flowers monoecious : female
ones cup-shaped, apetalous and fleshy. I/ . H. Native of
China. A strong, rough herbaceous plant, very like S. E'tulus.
The male flowers are white and numerous, with brownish-pur-
ple anthers.
China Dwarf-elder. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1822. PI. 5 to 6 feet.
3 S. PALME'NSIS (Link, in Buch. can. p. 151.) stems un-
known ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, serrated ; petioles,
nerves of leaves, and peduncles, densely hairy. Tj . ? H. Native
of the island of Palma, one of the Canaries, near Sauces.
Palma Elder. Shrub ?
4 S. ADNA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 482.) stems suffruticose ; leaves
pinnate ; leaflets 5-7, oblong-lanceolate, sharply serrated, pu-
bescent along the nerves, unequal at the base : the lower side
decurrent ; cymes trichotomous ; berries ovate, striated, almost
dry. Jj . H. Native of Nipaul, at Gosaingsthan. Flowers
white ?
^rfnate-leafletted Elder. Shrub.
5 S. JAVA'NICA (Reinw. in Blum, bijdr. p. 657.) stem suffru-
ticose ; stipulas foliaceous ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets oblong-lan-
ceolate, acuminated, oblique at the base, sharply and glandularly
serrulated ; corymbs with 3-5 main branches. Tj . G. Native
of Java, frequent on the mountains, where it is called Kitespon.
Java Elder. Shrub.
6 S. GAUDICHAUDIA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 322.) stem suffru-
ticose ; leaves pinnate, glabrous ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acu-
minated, equal at the base, sharply serrated ; stipulas ovate,
foliaceous, serrated ; corymb pedunculate, umbellate, of 5 main
rays or branches. Jj . H. Native of New Holland, at Port
Jackson, where it was collected by Gaudichaud. According to
the description this appears to be nearly allied to S. Javdnica.
Berries ovate-globose, small.
Gaudichaud' s Elder. Shrub 8 to 10 feet.
7 S. MEXICA'NA (Presl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 322.) stem suffruticose ? leaves pinnate ; leaflets 7, ovate or
oblong-lanceolate, acute, serrated, rather hairy beneath as well
as on the petioles and branches ; corymb of 5 principal rays or
branches. J? . H. Native of Mexico. S. subalpina, Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnaea. 5. p. 171.
Mexican Elder. Shrub 5 to 8 feet.
8 S. CANADE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 385.) frutescent, glabrous ;
leaves pinnate or sub-pinnate : leaflets about 4 pairs, oblong-
oval, stifflsh, acuminated, more or less pubescent beneath, some-
times appendiculated at the base ; cymes of 5 main branches.
T? . H. Native of North America, from Carolina to Canada, in
swamps and near hedges, and throughout Canada, as far as the
Saskatchawan. Schmidt, arb. 2. t. 142. Flowers said to be
almost inodorous. Berries deep bluish-black.
Canadian Elder. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1761. Sh. 6 to 10 ft.
9 S. NIGRA (Lin. spec. 385.) arboreous ; leaves pinnate ;
leaflets usually 5, smooth, deep green, ovate or oblong-oval, acu-
minated, the lower leaflets sometimes ternate ; cymes with 5
main branches. fj . H. Native throughout the whole of
Europe, Caucasus, Siberia, and probably of Japan, in hedges,
coppices, and woods, common ; plentiful in Britain, in like
situations ; the varieties rare, except in gardens. Duham. arb.
2. t. 65. ed. nov. 1. t. 55. Hayn. term. bot. t. 32. f. 2. Smith,
engl. bot. t. 476. Woodv. med. bot. t. 78. Fl. dan. t. 545.
Branches, after a year's growth, clothed with smooth grey bark,
and filled with a light spongy pith. Flowers cream-coloured,
with a sweet but faint smell. Berries globular, purplish black ;
their stalks reddish. It may be remarked that our uncertain
summer is established by the time the elder is in full flower, and
entirely gone when its berries are ripe. The tree is, as it were,
a whole magazine of physic to rustic practitioners, nor is it
quite neglected by more regular ones. The berries make a
useful and agreeable rob, of a slightly purgative quality, and
very good for catarrhs, sore throats, &c. The inner bark is
more actively cathartic, and is thought beneficial in rustic oint-
ments and cataplasms for burns. The dried flowers serve for
fomentations, and make a fragrant but debilitating tea, useful
perhaps in acute inflammations, but not to be persisted in habi-
tually. An infusion of the leaves proves fatal to the various
insects which thrive on blighted or delicate plants ; nor do many
of this tribe, in the caterpillar state, feed upon them : cattle
scarcely touch them, and the mole is driven away by their scent.
A wine is made from the berries, to be taken warm, with spices
and sugar ; and they are said to frequently enter into the com-
position of a less innocent beverage — artificial or adulterated
port. An infusion of the inner green bark of the trunk in wine,
or the expressed juice of the berries, in the dose of half an ounce,
is said to purge moderately, and in small doses to prove deob-
struent. The expressed juice of the berries, inspissated to the
consistence of a rob, proves an useful aperient medicine, and
if continued for a sufficient length of time, is of considerable
service in various chronical disorders. The young leaf-buds
are strongly purgative, and act with so much violence as to be
accounted unsafe. The flowers have an agreeable aromatic
flavour, like that of Frontignac wine, which they yield in dis-
tillation to water, and impart, by infusion, to vinous and spiri-
tuous liquors and oils. Sydenham recommends as an effec-
tual hydragogue diuretic 3 handfuls boiled in a quart of milk
and water till only a pint remains, of which one half is to be
taken night and morning, and repeated several days. Boerhaave
gave its expressed juice in doses from a drachm to half an
ounce. It is said also that if sheep who have the rot can get
the bark they will soon cure themselves. An infusion of the
leaves is useful for gardeners to sprinkle over the buds of such
flowers as they wish to preserve from minute caterpillars, for
few insects can bear the elder. In Scotland the tree is called
Bountry.
Var. j3, virescens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 322.) fruit green, fj . H.
S. virescens, Desr. arb. fr. 1. p. 348.
Var. y, leucocdrpa ; fruit white. ^ • H.
Var. S, laciniata; leaflets cut into fine segments, tj . H. S.
laciniata, Mill. diet. no. 2. — Lob. icon. 2. t. 164. f. 2. Called
Parsley-leaved elder.
Var. £, rotundifolia ; leaves ternate ; leaflets petiolate, round-
ish, serrated ; corymbs few-flowered. T? . H. Cultivated in
Chelsea garden.
Var. £, monstrosa; branches striped; flowers of from 5-15
parts, and with from 5-15 stamens ; stigmas 5-12 ; berries irre-
gular. Jj . H. S. monstrosa, Hort.
Var. i, variegata ; leaves variegated with yellow or white.
Pj.H.
Common or Black-berried Elder. Fl. June. Britain. Shrub
10 to 15 feet.
10 S. PERUVIA'NA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
429.) arboreous ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 7, oblong, acuminated,
obtuse at the base, nearly equal ; petioles glabrous ; corymbs
somewhat trichotomous ; berries usually 5-seeded. f? • H.
Native of Peru, on the Andes, in cultivated places, at the eleva-
tion of 4000 feet. S. suaveolens, Willd. in Schultes, syst. 6,
p. 441. FloVers white. Berries black.
Peruvian Elder. Shrub 12 to 20 feet.
11 S. AUSTBA'LIS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 140.)
shrubby; leaves pinnate; stipulas glabrous; leaflets 11-13,
ovate-lanceolate, usually unequal at the base ; corymbs brac-
1
438
CAPRIFOLIACE.&. I. SAMBUCUS. II. VIBURNUM.
teate: stigmas 5, sessile; berries 5-celled. Tj . H. Native of
Brazil, and cultivated at Talcahuano in Chili. Flowers cream-
coloured ? There is a variety of this having 4 stigmas and a
4-celled berry.
Southern Elder. Shrub 5 to 10 feet.
* * Leaves pinnate. Flowers panicled.
12 S. RACEMOSA (Lin. spec. 386.) shrubby; leaves pinnate;
leaflets 5, membranous, oblong, acuminated, serrated, unequal
at the base ; petioles glabrous ; panicle ovate. ^ . H. Native
of middle and south Europe, and Siberia on the mountains.
Jacq. icon. rar. 1. p. 59. Duham. arb. t. 66. and ed. nov. 1.
t. 56. S.montana, Cam. epit. 976. S. cervini, Tabern. t. 1029.
— Lob. icon. t. 163. Leaves pale green, pretty smooth.
Flowers of a whitish green colour. Fruit red or scarlet when
ripe.
Far. ft, lacinidta (Koch, in D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 500.)
leaflets jagged. Tj . H. Native of the Palatinate of the Rhine.
Racemose-flowered Elder. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1596.
Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
13 S. PU'BENS (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 181.) shrubby ;
leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5, membranous, ovate-lanceolate or
oblong, acuminated, serrated, pubescent, but chiefly on the
under side ; panicle thyrsoid. I? . H. Native from Carolina
to Canada, on the highest mountains, as far as the Saskatchewan.
S. racemosa, Hook, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 279. but not of Lin.
Berries red. Flowers whitish. Resembles S, racemosa very
much.
Var. ft, heptaphtflla ; leaves larger than those of the species ;
leaflets 7. ^ . H. Native of North America, on the east side
of the Rocky Mountains : and shores of the Columbia, near
Fort Vancouver, and at its confluence with the sea. The Rocky
Mountain specimens, and, more especially those from the Pa-
cific, are remarkable for the great size and length of their leaf-
lets, and there being almost constantly seven upon eac hrachis.
Downy Elder. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. Sh. 6 to 10 ft.
" Leaves bipinnate.
14 S. EBULOIDES (Desv. in herb. mus. par.) suffruticose ;
leaves bipinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, serrated ; panicle composed
of racemes, f? . H. Native of China, in the suburbs of Can-
ton. Phyteuma bipinnata, Lour. coch. 138. Branches angular
and furrowed. Flowers white. Fruit perforated, 3-celled,
many-seeded.
Danewort-like Elder. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
15 S. FHYTEUMOIDES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 323.) suffruticose ;
leaves bipinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, serrated, wrinkled ; pedun-
cles many-flowered, divaricate. T? . H. Native of Cochin-
china, on the mountains. Phyteuma Cochinchinensis, Lour,
coch. 139. Flowers white. Berry roundish, pertuse, small,
1 -celled, many-seeded. Very nearly allied to S. ebuloides.
Phyteuma-like Elder. Shrub 5 feet.
•f Doubtful species, to be inquired into or excluded from the
order.
16 S. ? LOUREIRIA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 323.) arboreous;
leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5, broad-lanceolate, quite entire, gla-
brous, fj . H. Native of China, on the mountains. S. nigra,
Lour. coch. p. 181. but not of Lin. Cymes 5-parted and 3-
parted ; peduncles long, nearly equal. Fruit a round, small,
reddish-brown, 3-seeded inferior berry. The berries are used
by the Chinese in coldness of the extremities, as they are of a
heating nature, from which quality, and the quite entire leaflets,
it is not hkely to be a species of Sambucus, but probably a spe-
cies of Turpinia.
Loureiro's Elder. Shrub 8 feet.
17 S. ? JAPONICA (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 125.) shrubby; leaves
impari-pinnate, with 3-7 pairs of leaflets and an odd one ;
leaflets ovate, acute, cartilaginously serrated, glabrous ; flowers
disposed in panicled, trichotomous cymes. ^ . H. Native of
Japan. Ovarium superior and style filiform, for which reason
it ought evidently to be excluded from the genus : it is pro-
bably also a species of Turpinia. Stipulas none. Stigmas
capitate, white.
Japan Elder. Shrub.
18 S.? THUNBE'KGH ; shrubby; cymes 5-parted; leaves
somewhat bipinnate. T? . H. Native of Japan, near Naga-
saki and elsewhere, where it is called by the Japanese Sokuso-
so and Saki-Teki. Shrub perishing just above the earth every
year. S. Canadensis, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 126. This plant is
hardly known as well as the S. nigra, Thunb. 1. c.
Thunberg's Elder. Shrub.
Cult. All the species of elder are of the most easy culture,
and will thrive in any soil or situation. The perennial herba-
ceous species creep much at the root, and are difficult to extir-
pate, having once got hold in the ground. The shrubby and
arboreous kinds are easily increased by cuttings, stuck in the
ground in autumn or spring. Those species, natives of warmer
climates, will require a little protection in severe weather in winter.
II. VIBU'RNUM (this name is derived, according to Vail-
lant, from the Latin word vieo, to tie ; on account of the plia-
bility of the branches of some species). Lin. gen. p. 370.
Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 27. Adans. fam. 2. p. 501. Schkuhr,
handb. t. 81. D. C. prod. 4. p. 323 O'pulus, Viburnum, and
Tinus, Tourn. inst. p. 607. t. 376 and 377. — Viburnum and
O'pulus, Mcench. meth. p. 505.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Trigijnia. Limb of calyx small,
5-cleft (f. 76. a.), permanent. Corolla rotate (f. 75. a. f. 76. &.),
somewhat campanulate, or tubular, with a 5-lobed limb (f. 76. 6.).
Stamens 5, equal (f. 75. &.). Stigmas 3, sessile. Berry ovate
or globose, 1 seeded from abortion, crowned by the calycine
teeth. Seeds compressed. — Shrubs. Leaves opposite, petio-
late. Corymbs of flowers terminal. Flowers usually white,
but sometimes verging to a rose colour.
SECT. I. LENTA'GO (from lento, to make pliant ; in reference
to the pliability of the branches of some species). D. C. prod.
4. p. 324. — Viburnum, Mcench. meth. p. 505. — Viburnum and
Tinus, Tourn. 1. c. Borkh. in Room. arch. 1. p. 20. Corymbs
not radiant, having the flowers all fertile, and equal in shape
and size. Corolla rotate, or hardly somewhat bell-shaped.
Seed oval.
§ 1. Leaves quite entire or toothed. Style almost nanting ;
stigmas 3, sessile.
1 V. TINUS (Lin. spec. 383.)
leaves ovate-oblong, quite entire,
permanent : having the ramifi-
cations of the veins beneath, as
well as the branchlets, furnished
with glandular hairs. Jj . H.
Native of the south of Europe,
in the region of the olives, and
of the north of Africa, as of
Portugal, Spain, Italy, the south
of France, and Algiers. Duh.
arb. ed. nov. 2. t. 37. Curt,
bot. mag. t. 38. V. lauri-
forme, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 363.
Tlnus, Tourn. inst. p. 607. t.
377. Tinus laurifdlius, Borkh.
FIG. 75.
CAPRIFOLIACE^:. II. VIBURNUM.
439
in Rcem. arcli. 1. pt. 2. p. 20. Corymbs flat. Flowers white,
but rose-coloured before expansion, and sometimes afterwards
for a little time. Berries dark blue. The Laurestine or Lau-
restinus is one of the most ornamental of evergreen shrubs,
with shining leaves and showy white flowers, which appear during
the winter months. The name of Laurestinus was given to
the shrub by old authors, they supposing it to be a kind of
bay or laurel. The berries are very hot, and inflame the
fauces violently, like those of Mizereon ; and they are also vio-
lently purgative, according to Parkinson ; but some kinds of birds
are said to eat them greedily.
Var. a, hirtum (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 166.) leaves oval-oblong,
hairy beneath and on the margins. Pj . H. Native of Portugal
and Spain, and the country of Nice. V. Tinus, Mill. diet. no.
4. — Clus. hist. 1. p. 49. no. 1. The flowers of this variety
appear in autumn and continue all the winter. It is the
most hardy and most common sort, called Hairy Laurestine.
V. lucidum, Mill. Pers. and Schultes. — Clus. hist. 1. p. 49.
no. ii.
Var, ft, lucidum (Ait. 1. c.) leaves ovate-oblong, glabrous on
both surfaces, shining, fy . H. Native about Algiers and on
Mount Atlas. The cymes as well as the flowers are larger than
the common sort ; these seldom appear till the spring, and when
the winters are sharp the flowers are killed, and never open
unless they are sheltered. Called Shining Laurestine.
Var. y, virgatum (Ait. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, pilose
on the margins as well as on the veins beneath. >j . H. Na-
tive of Italy, about Rome and Tivoli, &c. — Clus. hist. no. iii.
with a figure. Called Common Laurestine.
Laurestine. Fl. Dec. Mar. Clt. 1596. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
2 V. RUGOSUM (Pers. ench. 1. p. 326. exclusive of the syn.
of Ait.) leaves broad, ovate, wrinkled, hairy, permanent ; uni-
versal involucrum 7-leaved ; berries ovate-oblong. J? . F.
Native of the Canary Islands, in woods. Ker, bot. reg. t. 376.
Lodd. bot. cab. t. 859. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2082. V. Tinus S,
strictum, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 167. V. rigiclum,
Vent. malm. t. 98. Desf. arb. 1 . p. 344. V. strictum, Link,
enum. 1. p. 288. Very like V. Tinus, but differs in the leaves
being larger, and hairy all over. Flowers white.
Wrinkled or Large-leaved Laurestine. Fl. Dec. March.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
3 V. TINOIDES (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 184.) leaves elliptic-gla-
brous, quite entire ; branches terete, and are as well as the
corymbs hairy. 1? . G. Native of South America, where it
was collected by Mutis.
Tinus-like Laurestine. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. Sh. 4 to 6 feet.
4 V. CLABRA'TUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
428.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base,
quite entire, and very glabrous ; petioles naked ; branches canes-
cent and powdery ; corymbs involncrated. fj . F. Native of
South America, in woods on the Andes, about Popayan, at the
altitude of 3000 or 4000 feet. V. glabrum, Willd. in Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 639. Calyx bluntly 5-toothed. Flowers white.
Smooth Laurestine. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
5 V. AYAVACE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
4-28.) leaves ovate, acute, cordate, quite entire, glabrous, shining
above, but with the axils of the veins beneath furnished with
stellate hairs, as well as the branchlets and corymbs ; petioles
naked. fj . G. Native of Peru, near Ayavaca, in temperate
places, at the elevation of 4000 or 5000 feet. Teeth of calyx
roundish-ovate, acute, ciliated. Flowers white ? Perhaps the
same as V. tinoides.
Ayavaca Laurestine. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
6 V. INTEGE'RRIMUM (Wall. cat. no. 457. D. C. prod. 4. p. 324.)
leaves oval, acute at the base, acuminated, quite entire, glabrous,
rather coriaceous, dotless ; petioles, branchlets, and peduncles
hairy ; corymbs loose, terminal ; fruit oval, compressed, fj . S.
Native of the island of Pulo-Penang. This species agrees with
V. Tinus on the one hand and V. punctatum on the other. Ca-
lycine teeth erect, exceeding the berries.
Quite-entire-leaved Laurestine. Shrub 4 to 6 feet ?
7 V. CHINE'NSE (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p.
190.) leaves membranous, broad-elliptic, acute, coarsely and
unequally toothed, glabrous above while young, puberulous and
dotless beneath ; corymbs terminal, pubescent. \) . G. Native
of China.
China Laurestine. Shrub.
8 V. VUNCTA'TUM (Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 142.)
leaves oval-oblong, quite entire, mucronulate, glabrous on both
surfaces, beset with dots beneath ; corymbs terminal, smooth,
spreading, sessile. Tj . H. Native of Nipaul, at Suemba,
where it is called Hemu-swa by the Nawar people. Teeth of
calyx obtuse. Flowers white.
Dotted-leaved. Laurestine. Shrub.
9 V. ACUMINA'TUM (Wall. cat. no. 465. D. C. prod. 4. p.
325.) leaves elliptic, acuminated at both ends, glabrous, coria-
ceous, dotted beneath ; branchlets, petioles, and peduncles beset
with scurfy dots ; corymbs terminal, trichotomous, shorter than
the leaves; berries oval-oblong. Tj . H. Native of the East
Indies, on the Nellighery Mountains, where it was collected by
Notan. Very nearly allied to V. punctatum.
4cuminated-]ezved Laurestine. Shrub.
10 V. PREMNA'CEUM (Wall. cat. no. 461. D.C. prod. 4. p.
325.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, glabrous above and
dotless beneath, and downy along the nerves, having 1-3 coarse
serratures on each side ; petioles short, and are as well as the
branchlets and peduncles clothed with villous tomentum ; co-
rymbs terminal, with 5 main branches, involucrated by 5 elliptic
leaves. Jj . G. Native of the East Indies, on the Pundua
mountains. Leaves 3-34 inches long, and 1^ inch broad, feather-
nerved ; but the 2 lower lateral nerves rise from the base and
give the leaf the appearance of being 3-nerved.
Premna-lilce Laurestine. Shrub 5 to 7 feet.
1 1 V. NERVOSUM (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p.
190.) evergreen; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous, acute at
the base and apex, dotless beneath, with a few serratures to-
wards the apex on both sides ; nerves impressed above, but
prominent beneath, glabrous in the axils, and with numerous
transverse conspicuous veins between them ; peduncles and
petioles short and glabrous ; corymbs terminal, fj . G. Na-
tive of China. This is closely allied to V. premndceum, Wall,
in which plant is observed, besides the character given by D. C.
that the axils of the leaves are furnished with a tuft of short
hairs, which is totally absent from the present species.
Nerved-leaved Viburnum. Shrub.
12 V. COLEBROOKEA'NUM (Wall. cat. no. 460. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 325.) leaves elliptic, acuminated, hardly obtuse at the base,
regularly serrate-toothed, glabrous, dotless : petioles, branches,
and peduncles scurfy from stellate down ; corymbs axillary,
pedunculate, without any involucra. Tj . G. Native of the
East Indies, on the Pundua Mountains. The corymbs are not
truly axillary, but are borne on short leafless, axillary branchlets
or peduncles, which are furnished with 2 leaves at the base.
Flowers white.
Colebrooke's Laurestine. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
13 V. FCE'TIDUM (Wall. cat. no. 466. D. C. prod. 4. p. 325.)
leaves elliptic-oblong, cuneated at the base, coarsely and sinu-
ately toothed, glabrous above, but villous along the nerves be-
neath ; petioles, branchlets, and peduncles villous ; corymbs
terminal, pedunculate, of 6 main branches, without any invo-
lucra ; fruit almost sessile, oval, fy . S. Native of the Bur-
man Empire, on Mount Taong-Dong, near Ava. Leaves 2
440
CAPRIFOLIACEJE. II. VIBURNUM.
inches long, and half an inch broad, on petioles 2-3 lines long.
Flowers white.
Fetid Viburnum. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
14 V. SAMBU'CINUM (Reinw. in Blum, bijdr. p. 656.) leaves
elliptic-oblong, attenuated at both ends, almost quite entire,
puberulous on the ribs beneath ; corymbs terminal, divaricate,
puberulous. Tj . S. Native of Java, among bushes on the
mountains. Flowers white.
Var. ft ; leaves oval, acute at both ends, smoothish, serrated
at the top. fj . S. Native of Java, at the foot of Mount Salak.
Elder-scented Viburnum. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
15 V. LUTE'SCENS (Blum, bijdr. p. 655.) leaves oblong, bluntly
acuminated, acutely and coarsely serrated at the base, coriace-
ous, shining, paler beneath ; corymbs terminal, divaricate, pu-
berulous. ij . S. Native of Java, in the provinces of Krawang
and Tjanjor, among other bushes on the mountains.
Yellowish Viburnum. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
16 V. PRDNIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. 383.) leaves roundish-ob-
ovate and oval, glabrous, rather membranous, crenately serrated,
ending in a short acumen ; petioles marginate, glabrous ; cymes
sessile ; berries ovate or roundish. Jj . H. Native of North
America, from New England to Carolina, in hedges and fields ;
also of Canada about Lake Huron. Wats, dendr. t. 23. — Pluk.
aim. 46. f. 2. — Duham. 2. t. 38. Flowers white as the rest of
the species. Berries dark blue. This species appears to be
very nearly allied to V, nudum, but the leaves are broader and
more membranous.
Plum-leaved Viburnum. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1731. Shrub
8 to 10 feet.
17 V. PYRIFOLIUM (Poir. diet. 5. p. 658.) leaves ovate, acut-
ish, glabrous, subserrated ; petioles smooth ; corymbs some-
what pedunculate ; fruit ovate-oblong, fj . H. Native of Penn-
sylvania, New Jersey, &c. on the banks of rivers. Flowers
white. Berries black. Resembles the preceding species, but
is not so straggling in its growth.
Pear-leaved Viburnum. Fl. May, June. Shrub 5 to 8 feet.
18 V. LENTA'GO (Lin. spec. p. 384.) leaves broad-ovate,
acuminated, sharply serrated, glabrous ; petioles with narrow
curled margins ; corymbs terminal, sessile. Tj . H. Native of
North America, from New England to Carolina, among hedges,
and on the borders of woods. Throughout Canada to the Sas-
katchawan. Wats. dend. brit. t. 21. Schmidt, arb. 3. t. 176.
ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 637. Flowers white. Fruit
black. Serratures of leaves hooked a little, and somewhat
cartilaginous. This species is more inclined to grow to a tree
than any of the rest. The specific name is from lento, to make
pliant, on account of the pliable propendent branches.
Lentago or Pliant-branched Viburnum. Fl. July. Clt. 1761.
Shrub 10 feet.
19 V. NU'DUM (Lin. spec. 383.) leaves oval-oblong, angular
at the base, bluntish, with revolute obsoletely crenulated mar-
gins, quite glabrous ; petioles beset with scale-like scurf or
down ; corymbs pedunculate, exinvolucrate. J? . H. Native
from Canada to Georgia, in swamps, particularly on a sandy
soil ; about Quebec, and on the banks of the Saskatchawan ;
and of Newfoundland. Wats. dend. t. 20. Mill. fig. 274. V.
squamatum, Willd. enum. 1. p. 337. ex Torrey, fl. un. st. p.
319. Wats. dend. t. 24. Flowers whitish. Berries globose,
black, or dark blue. In the southern states this shrub becomes
evergreen ; the young branches are ferruginous, and sometimes
the under side of the leaves. According to Richard, in Boot's
herb, this is the same as V. pyrifblium, Poir.
Naked-cymed Viburnum. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1752. Shrub
6 to 10 feet.
20 V.OBOVA'TUM (Walt. car. p. 116.) glabrous; leaves ob-
ovate, crenately toothed, or quite entire, obtuse, but acute at the
base, on short petioles ; corymbs sessile ; berries ovate-roundish.
Tj . H. Native of Carolina and Georgia, in shady woods.
Lodd. bot. cab. 1476. V. cassinoides. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1.
p. 179. but not of Lin. Flowers white. Fruit black, shining.
Var. j3, punicifblium (Desf. arb. 1. p. 345.) leaves oblong-ob-
ovate, obtuse, entire or loosely crenated at the apex. Jj . H.
Growing along with the species.
Obovate-]eaved Viburnum. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. Sh.
3 to 6 feet.
21 V. CASSINOIDES (Lin. spec. p. 384.) leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, acute at both ends, crenated, glabrous above, with subre-
volute edges ; under side of leaves, as well as the petioles,
which are keeled, and branches, which are tetragonal, covered
with scurfy dots ; corymbs sessile ; fruit ovate. J? . H. Native
from New York to Carolina, in swamps. V. punctatum, Rafin.
in litt. Flowers white. Berries bluish-black.
Cassine-like Viburnum, Fl. June, July. Clt. 1761. Shrub
3 to 5 feet.
22 V. L^EVIGA^TUM (Willd. spec. 1. p. 1491.) leaves lanceo-
late or oblong-lanceolate, smooth, remotely and unequally ser-
rated, cuneated at the base and quite entire, glabrous ; branches
tetragonally 2-edged, glabrous ; corymbs sessile. Jj . H. Native
of Virginia and Carolina, near the sea coast. Cassine Paragua,
Lin. mant. 220. Cassine corymbosa, Mill. icon. t. 83. f. 1.
V. cassinoides, Duroi, harbk. 2. p. 486. V. lanceolatum, Hill,
hort. kew. t. 19. Flowers white. Berries black.
Smooth Viburnum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1724. Shrub 10
to 14 feet.
23 V. NI'TIDUM (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 371.) quite glabrous ;
leaves linear-lanceolate, shining above, obsoletely serrated or
entire ; branches tetragonal, f? . H. Native of Carolina and
Georgia, in sandy barren woods. A low shrub, with small
leaves. Flowers white.
Shining -leaved Viburnum, Fl. May, June. Clt. 1758. Shrub
2 to 4 feet.
24 V. ODORATI'SSIMUM (Ker,
bot. reg. t. 456.) evergreen,
glabrous ; leaves coriaceous, el-
liptic-oblong, almost entire, with
revolute margins ; branches of
thyrse opposite, having the pe-
duncles of the branches tricho-
tomously pedicellate ; style sim-
ple, short ; berries oblong, fj . G.
Native of China. V. Sinense,
Zeyh. in Coll. hort. ripul. 145.
app. 2. p. 330. t. 16. V. Chi-
nense, Zeyh. ex Steud. nom. p.
880. Coffea monosperma, Hook.
et Arn. Berries red, but at length
becoming blackish, shining, 1-
seeded, crowned by the lobes of
the calyx, which are erect.
Flowers white, with the scent of those of Cflea fragrans, or
sweet olive. This shrub has scarcely at all the appearance of a
Viburnum, from which genus the presence of a style essentially
distinguishes it. (f. 76.)
Sweet-scented-flowered Viburnum. Fl.Feb. Clt. 1818. Shrub
4 to 8 feet.
25 V. LANTA'NA (Lin. spec. p. 384.) leaves cordate, rounded,
finely serrated, veiny, clothed beneath, but more sparingly on
the upper side, with starry mealy pubescence, like that on the
branches, petioles, and peduncles ; cymes pedunculate, broad,
flat, of numerous crowded white flowers ; bracteas several,
small, acute. Ij . H, Native throughout Europe, even to Cau-
casus, in hedges. In Britain in woods and hedges, especially on
FIG. 76.
CAPRIFOLIACEjE. II. VIBURNUM.
441
a chalky or limestone soil. Smith, engl. hot. t. 331. Jacq. austr.
t. 341. — V. tomentosum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 363. — Cam. epit.
122. with a figure. — Duham. arb. 2. t. 103. — Lob. icon. 2. t.
106. A small tree, with copious, opposite, round, pliant, mealy
branches. Under side of leaves and branches white from mealy
down. Berries compressed in an early state, red on the outer
side, yellow on the inner, finally black, with a little mealy astrin-
gent pulp. Seed large, flat, and furrowed. The leaves turn
of a dark red in autumn. This shrub is hardly worth cultivat-
ing for ornament, nor is it of any particular use, except that the
bark serves to make bird-lime ; but that of the holly is much
better. It is supposed to be the viburnum of Virgil. The
name lantana is from lento to make pliant, on account of the
pliant branches.
Way-faring Tree. Fl. May, June. Britain. Shrub 6 to
1 5 feet.
26 V. LANTANOIDES (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 179.) leaves
roundish-cordate, abruptly acuminated, unequally serrated : ser-
ratures awnless ; branchlets, petioles, and nerves of leaves cloth-
ed with powdery tomentum ; corymbs terminal, almost sessile ;
fruit ovate. ^ . H. Native of North America, from Canada
to Carolina, principally in the forests called Beech-woods ; about
Quebec and Lake Huron. V. Lantana ft, grandifolium, Ait.
hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 1. p. 392. V. grandifolium, Smith, in
Rees' cycl. no. 14. V. Lantana /3, Canadense, Pers. ench. 1. p.
327. The outer flowers of the corymbs are abortive and radiant,
a circumstance noticed by few botanists. Berries at first red,
but at length becoming black. In North America it is known
by the name of hobble-bush. Very like V. Lantana, but of
more humble growth, and the leaves larger and tomentose.
Lantana-lilte Viburnum or American Wayfaring Tree. FL
June, July. Shrub.
27 V. DENTA'TUM (Lin. spec. p. 384.) partly glabrous ; leaves
ovate, and nearly orbicular, plicate, coarsely and deritately ser-
rated, with the nerves thick and feathered, glabrous on both
surfaces ; cymes or corymbs pedunculate ; fruit nearly globose.
lj . H. Native of North America, from New York to Caro-
lina, in mountain woods, and of Mexico. Jacq. hort. vind. 1.
t. 36. Wats. dend. t. 25. V. dentatum lucidum, Ait. hort. kew.
1. p. 372. V. dentatum glabellum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p.
179. Flowers white. Berries small, dark blue, crowned by
the calyx. In North America the shrub is known by the name
of arroni-rrood.
Toothed-leaved. Viburnum. FL June, July. Clt. 1763. Shrub
4 to 6 feet.
28 V. PUBE'SCENS (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 202.) pubes-
cent ; leaves ovate, acuminated, on short petioles, coarsely ser-
rate-toothed, villous beneath, with the nerves feathered and
prominent ; corymbs pedunculate ; fruit small, ovate. Tj . H.
Native of North America, in the lower parts of Virginia and
Carolina, and New York ; and of Canada about Lake Winnepeg.
V. dentatum /3, pubescens, Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 168. V. den-
tatum semi-tomentosum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 179. V.
toment6sum, Rafin. mecl. rep. 11. p. 360. V. villosum, Rafin.
in Desv. journ. l.p. 228. V. Rafinesquianum, Schultes, syst.
6. p. 630. Flowers white. The shrub is smaller in every part
than V. dentalum.
Doivny Viburnum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1736. Shrub. 3 feet.
29 V. ELLI'PTICUM (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 280.) leaves
elliptic, obtuse, on short petioles, coarsely serrated at the top,
very hairy beneath, but most so on the veins, which are pa-
rallel ; corymbs dense, pedunculate ; ovaries very hairy ; berries
oval-globose, deep black, f? . H. Native of North America,
common on the branches of the Columbia, near its confluence
with the Pacific. Bark of branches pale brown. Leaves about
2 inches long.
VOL. III.
Far. /3 ; ovaries glabrous. (7 . H. Growing along with the
species.
Elliptic -\ea\ed Viburnum. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
30 V. VILLOSUM (Swartz, prod. p. 54. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 564.)
leaves ovate, acuminated, quite entire, glabrous above in the
adult state, but tomentose beneath from stellate down, as well
as the petioles and branchlets ; corymbs terminal, pedunculate ;
fruit ovate-oblong. ^ . S. Native of the south of Jamaica, on
the mountains. Peduncles and calyxes rather villous. Corollas
white. This species agrees with V. Tinus in the leaves being
entire, and from the tomentum with V. Lantana. Petioles quad-
rangular and channelled.
Villous Viburnum. Clt. 1824. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
31 V. COTINIFOLIUM (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 141.) leaves
roundish-oval, quite entire, clothed with stellate tomentum on
both surfaces, grey beneath, as well as the branches ; corymbs
terminal, woolly. fj • H. Native of Nipaul, at Sirinagur.
Flowers white.
Cotinus -leaved Viburnum. Shrub.
32 V. NERVOSUM (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 141.) leaves cor-
date, acuminated, nerved, serrated, clothed with deciduous stel-
late tomentum beneath, as well as on the branches ; peduncles
terminal, tern, cymose, few-flowered. T; . H. Native of Nipaul,
at Sirinagur, where it is called Pheelaroo by the natives. V.
Lantana, Wall. mss.
Nerved-\eavei\ Viburnum. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
33 V. CORDIFOLIUM (Wall. cat. no. 462. D. C. prod. 4. p.
327.) leaves heart-shaped, acuminated, dentately serrated, mem-
branous, glabrous above, clothed with stellate down on the pe-
tioles and nerves, which is at first dense, but at length scattered ;
corymbs terminal, sessile, with 5-7 long main branches or rays ;
berries elliptic. fj • H. Native of Nipaul, in Kamaon and
Gosaingsthan. Leaves 4 inches long, and 2£ broad. Petioles
12-15 lines long. There are 4-6 nerves at the base of the limb
of the leaf on each side, rising from the midrib.
Heart-leaved Viburnum. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
34 V. MULLAHA (Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 141.)
leaves ovate, acuminated, distantly serrated, rounded at the
base, densely clothed with tomentum beneath, as well as on
the branches ; corymbs terminal, compound, spreading, to-
mentose ; teeth of calyx short. Fj . H. Native of Nipaul, at
Suembu. Nearly allied to V. tomentbsum. Flowers white.
Mullaha Viburnum. Shrub.
35 V. STELLULA'TUM (Wall. cat. no. 463. D. C. prod. 4. p.
327.) leaves ovate, cordate, acuminated, glabrous above, except
on the middle nerve, densely clothed with stellate down beneath,
as well as the branchlets and peduncles ; the margin serrated :
serratures distant, small, callous ; corymbs terminal, with 5-7
main branches, exinvolucrate. fj . H. Native of Nipaul, in the
valley, and at Kamaon. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 54. t. 169.
Flowers white. Leaves roundish-cordate. Berries scarlet.
»SVarn/-haired Viburnum. Shrub 12 to 20 feet.
36 V. INVOLUCRA^TUM (Wall. cat. no. 458. D. C. prod. 4. p.
327.) leaves ovate, acuminated, somewhat conlitte at the base,
villous from simple hairs while young, as well as the branchlets ;
corymbs terminal, decompound ; bracteas and bracteoles folia-
ceous, oval, attenuated at the base, acuminated, nearly entire,
exceeding the flowers. Fj . H. Native of Nipaul. Branches
of corymb and calyxes villous. Flowers white.
Involucrated Viburnum. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
§ 2. Leaves serrated and denticulated. Flowers monogynous
from the style being a little elongated, and the stigmas being
concrete.
37 V. EROSUM (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 124.) leaves broad-ovate,
acuminated, erosely serrated, rather villous on both surfaces;
3L
442
CAPRIFOLIACEjfc. II. VIBURNCM.
petioles tomentose ; umbels decompound, pilose ; style simple.
fj.H. Native of Japan. Branches grey, glabrous.
2?rose-toothed Viburnum. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
38 V. MONO'OYNUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 655.) leaves elliptic-ob-
long, attenuated at both ends, glandularly denticulated above the
base, paler beneath ; corymbs divaricate, terminal, downy ;
flowers monogynous. fj . G. Native of Java, in woods on the
mountains. Said to be nearly allied to V. erosum.
Monogynous Viburnum. Shrub.
§ 3. Leaves 3-lobed.
39 V. ACERIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. 383.) branchlets and petioles
pilose ; leaves ovate-cordate, usually 3-lobed, acuminated, sharply
and loosely serrated, downy beneath ; petioles glandless, when
young stipulaceous at the base, and rather tomentose ; corymbs
terminal, pedunculate, not radiant. Fj . H. Native of North
America, from New England to Carolina, and of Newfoundland,
in rocky mountainous situations. Throughout Canada from
Lake Huron to the Saskatchawan ; and about Fort Vancouver
on the Columbia. Vent. hort. eels. t. 72. Wats. dend. brit. t,
118. Flowers white. Berries black, oval, compressed.
Maple-leaved Guelder-rose. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1736.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
40 V. ORIENTA'LE (Pall. fl. ross. t. 58. f. H.) leaves 3-lobed,
acuminated, coarsely and bluntly toothed ; petioles glandless,
glabrous ; corymbs terminal, not radiant ; fruit oblong, com-
pressed. Tj . H. Native of Iberia, in woods, on the moun-
tains, &c. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 245. O'pulus orientalis folio
amplissimo tridentato, Tourn. cor. p. 42. Flowers white. Seed
oval, furnished with 2 channels on both sides, as in V. Lantana.
Very like the preceding species.
Oriental Guelder-rose. Fl. July. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
SECT. II. O'PULUS (a name altered from populus, the poplar :
the leaves resembling those of the poplar). Tourn. inst. t. 376.
Mccnch, meth. p. 605. Outer flowers of the corymbs radiant
and sterile, much larger than the rest, which are fertile. Seed
obcordate.
41 V. O'I>ULUS (Lin. spec. 384.) quite glabrous in every part ;
leaves broad, 3-lobed, acuminated, unequally serrated, veiny ;
petioles beset with glands towards the top, and several oblong
leafy appendages lower down ; cymes pedunculate, white, with
linear bracteas : with several of the marginal flowers dilated
flat, radiant, and without stamens or pistils ; berries elliptical,
bright red, very juicy, but bitter and nauseous ; seed compres-
sed. \i . H. Native throughout Europe to Caucasus, in watery
hedges and swampy thickets. In Britain in like situations.
Smith, engl. hot. t. 332. Fl. dan. 661. Hayn, term. t. 32. f. 4.
V. lobatum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 363. O'pulus glandulosus,
Mcench, meth. p. 505. O'pulus, Raii, syn. 460. Duham. arb.
2. t. 16. Sambucus aquatica, Bauh. pin. 456. Trag. hist.
1002. with a figure. Math, valgr. 2. p. 607. with a figure.
Branches smooth, green. Leaves bright green in summer, but
in autumn assuming a beautiful pink or crimson hue, like other
European species of the genera, that are principally American,
as Cornus, Rhus, &c. Flowers white. Berry crowned by the
limb of the calyx. There is to be found in the gardens a varie-
gated leaved variety.
Var. /j, slerilis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 328) T- . H. Cultivated in
gardens. This variety is called snow-ball-tree or guelder-rose.
It is commonly planted in shrubberies along with the lilac and
liburnum, grouping elegantly with the various purple hues of the
former, and the golden chain of the latter, but they are all mere
summer beauties ; nor does any thing profitable or ornamental
follow. The several marginal flowers of the corymb in the species
are dilated, flat, and radiant, without stamens or pistils. In this
variety the whole cyme nearly consists of radiant sterile flowers,
and becomes globular. V. O'pulus roseum, Rcem. et Schultes, syst.
6. p. 635. — Knor. del. 2. t. 5 and 6. The snow-ball has been
raised from seed by accident, and has been multiplied by cut-
tings.
Guelder-rose. Fl. May, June. Britain. Shrub 6 to 14 feet.
42 V. EDU'LB (Pursh, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 203.) leaves 3-lobed,
bluntish behind, and 3-nerved : lobes very short, denticulately
serrated : serratures acuminated ; petioles glandular ; outer
flowers of corymbs radiant. Jj . H. Native of North America,
from Canada to New York, on the banks of rivers. In Canada
from the Saskatchawan to Slave Lake, in lat. 66°. V. O'pulus
edule, Michx. fl. bor. amer. l.p. 180. A smaller and more up-
right shrub than the preceding species. The berries of the same
colour and size, but when completely ripe more agreeable to
eat, and sometimes employed as a substitute for cranberries.
It does not seem to differ much from V. oxycoccos except in the
broader base of the leaf.
Edible-fruited Guelder-rose. Fl. July. Clt. 1812. Shrub
5 to 10 feet.
43 V. OXYCO'CCOS (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 203.) leaves
3-lobed, acute behind, 3-nerved ; lobes divaricate, acuminated,
coarsely and distantly serrated; petioles glandular; cymes ra-
diant, f? . H. Native of North America ; on the mountains
of New York and New Jersey ; and throughout Canada to the
Arctic circle, and from Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains,
in swamps and shady woods. V. opuloides, Muhl. cat. 32. V.
trilobum, Marsh, arb. p. 162. V. O'pulus Pimina, Michx. fl. 1.
p. 180. V. O'pulus Americana, Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 373.
Flowers white. Berries subglobose, red, of an agreeable acid,
resembling that of cranberries, for which they are a very good
substitute. Very like the V. O'pulus of Europe.
Var. ft, subiniegrifblia (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 281.) leaves
but little cut, very pubescent beneath. Jj . H. Native on the
banks of the Columbia.
Cranberry Guelder-rose. Fl. July. Shrub 6 to 12 feet.
44 V. MOLLE (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 180.) leaves nearly
orbicular, cordate, plicate, toothed, rather tomentose beneath
from very soft down ; petioles rather glandular ; corymbs ra-
diant ; fruit oblong-ovate. Fj . H. Native of North America,
in Kentucky, near Danville ; Tennessee and Upper Carolina, in
hedges. V. alnifolium, Marsh, arb. p. 162. Flowers white.
Berries red. Bark deciduous. Very like V. oxycoccos, and
perhaps only a variety of it.
Soft Guelder-rose. Fl. June, July. Shrub 6 to 12 feet.
45 V. MICROCA'RPUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 5. p.
170.) leaves subcordate, orbicular, or obovate, short-acuminated,
remotely and sinuately toothed, pubescent above, and clothed
with hoary tomentum beneath ; petioles short, without glands ;
rays of cyme almost sessile. Jj . H. Native of Mexico, near
Jalapa and San Meguel del Soldado. Leaves like those of the
filbert.' Fruit black.
Small-fruited Guelder-rose. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
SECT. III. SOLENOTI'NUS (from aia\rjv, solen, a tube, and tinus,
the laurestine ; in reference to the corollas being tubular). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 328. Corymbs not radiant. Corolla obconical or
cylindrical. Seeds oval-oblong. This section agrees with the
tribe Lonicerece in the corollas being tubular.
46 V. DAHU'RICUM (Pall. fl. ross. ed. 8vo. p. 52.) leaves
ovate, somewhat cordate at the base, crenately serrated, beset
with stellate down, as well as the branchlets ; corymbs dichoto-
mous, few-flowered ; corollas tubular, somewhat funnel-shaped,
bluntly 5-toothed. (? . H. Native of Dahuria. Lonicera
Mongolica, Pall. fl. ross. 1. t. 38. and t. 58. f. F. G. Gmel. sib.
3. t. 25. Cornus Daurica, Laxm. Berry 5-7 seeded, ex Pall.
CAPRIFOLIACE^E. II. VIBURNUM. III. TRIOSTEUM.
443
ed 1., 1-seeded, at first red, but at length becoming black and
sweet, ex Pall. ed. 2. Allied to V. Lantana. Flowers yellow-
ish white.
Dahurian Viburnum. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
47 V. POLYCA'RPUM (Wall. cat. no. 455.) leaves cordate, ovate,
somewhat acuminated, glabrous above, and tomentose from dense
stellate white down beneath, but at length rather naked ; corymbs
terminal, 5-rayed, on short peduncles ; corollas obconically tu-
bular ; berry elliptic, glabrous. J? . H. Native of Nipaul, at
Kamaon and Sirmore. Leaves 4-5 inches long, and 3 inches
broad ; petioles 4 lines long.
Many-fruited Viburnum. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
48 V. CYLI'NDRICUM (Ham. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 142.)
leaves oval-oblong, acuminated, coriaceous, quite entire, pubes-
cent beneath, and on the branches ; corymbs compound, erect,
tomentose ; corolla oblong, tubular, with a short 5-toothed limb,
fj . H. Native of Nipaul, at Narainhetty. This species has
the habit of V. nudum. Flowers white, tubular, very like those
of V. Dahuricum.
Cylindrical-flowered. Viburnum. Shrub.
49 V. GRANDIFLORUM (Wall. cat. no. 464. D. C. prod. 4. p.
329.) leaves elliptic, acuminated, dentately serrated, pubescent
along the nerves beneath, when young ornamented with pencilled
hairs in the axils of the serratures above ; corymbs terminal,
bracteate ; corollas cylindrical, fj . H. Native of Nipaul, at
Kamaon. Very nearly allied to V. erubescens, but differs in the
singular hairs on the leaves. Bracteas villous, foliaceous, 4-5
lines long. Flowers white.
Great-flowered Viburnum. Shrub 5 to 8 feet.
50 V. ERUBE'SCENS (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. t. 134. D. C. prod.
4. p. 329.) leaves elliptic, acuminated, serrated, glabrous ;
branchlets, petioles, and peduncles rather hairy ; corymbs termi-
nal ; bracteas linear-subulate, small ; corollas cylindrical. T; • H.
Native of Nipaul, at Kamaon. Leaves while young downy and
ciliated. Flowers white. Berries oblong, red, 1-seeded, crowned.
Erubescent Viburnum. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
51 V. CORIA'CEUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 656.) leaves ovate or oval-
oblong, acuminated, denticulated, coriaceous, glabrous : corymbs
terminal, fastigiate ; tube of corolla cylindrical. fy.H. Native
of Java, in woods on the higher mountains.
Coriaceous-leaved Viburnum. Shrub 6 to 7 feet.
•f- Species natives of Japan, but are not sufficiently known.
52 V. ? CUSPIDA'TUM (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 125.) leaves ovate,
cuspidate, serrated, villous ; umbels supra-decompound, termi-
nal, radiant. J? . H. Native of Japan. Flowers white.
Cuspidate-leaved Viburnum. Shrub.
53 V.? DILATA'TUM (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 124.) leaves ovate,
acuminated, unequal, toothed ; petioles and peduncles villous ;
panicle axillary, decompound, but not radiant ; style simple,
very short. Tj . H. Native of Japan.
Dilated Viburnum. Shrub.
54 V.? TOMENTOSUM (Thunb. fl. jap. 123.) leaves ovate, acu-
minated, serrated, veiny, tomentose beneath and on the petioles ;
umbels lateral, radiant. Jj . H. Native of Japan, in woods.
Sijo vulgo Adsai, Kcempf. amcen. ex p. 854. Branches gla-
brous, reddish. Flowers blue, disposed on a dense large round
head like the Snow-ball Guelder-rose ; some are radiant and
sterile, and others are small and pentandrous.
Tomentose Viburnum. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
Cult. The species of Viburnum are all beautiful shrubs,
and the hardy species are well adapted for ornamental shrub-
beries. They are either increased by laying in the shoots, or
by cuttings under a hand-glass in a shady situation. The green-
house anil hardy kinds are early flowerers, which render them
very desirable.
Tribe II.
LONICE'RE/E (plants agreeing with Lonicera in important
characters). R. Br. char, et descr. (1818) p. 4. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 329.— Capri foliese A. Rich. diet, class. 3. p. 173.— Capri-
folia, Batsch, tabl. aff. p. 239. Corolla gamopetalous, more or
less tubular, often irregular. Style filiform ; stigmas 3, free, or
combined in one.
III. TRIO'STEUM (from rptts, treis, three, and oartov,
osteon, a bone ; in reference to the three bony seeds in each
berry). Lin. gen.no. 234. Gaertn. fr. 1. t. 26. Lam. ill. t. 150.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 329.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx ovate ;
limb 5-parted (f. 77. a.) : lobes linear-lanceolate, permanent.
Corolla tubular (f. 77. 6.), almost equally 5-lobed, gibbous at
the base, a little longer than the calyx. Stamens 5, inclosed.
Stigma thick, oblong. Berry coriaceous (f. 77. c.), obovately
triquetrous, crowned by the calyx (f. 77. d.), 3-celled (f. 77. e.~),
but sometimes only 1 -celled at maturity. Seeds 3 in each cap-
sule, rarely 5, bony, elliptic. — Perennial herbs, rarely suffruti-
cose. Leaves tapering into the petioles, and somewhat connate
at the base. Flowers axillary, sessile, or on very short pe-
dicels.
1 T. PERFOLIA'TUM (Lin. spec. 250.) leaves oval, acuminated,
abruptly narrowed at the base, and connate ; flowers sessile, ap-
pearing verticillate. I/ . H. Native of North America, in the
states of New Jersey, New England, Upper Carolina, and Vir-
ginia, in rich rocky grounds,
principally in a lime stone FIG. 77.
soil. Schkuhr, handb. 1 . t.
4 1 . Bigel. med. bot. 90. t. 9.
T. majus, Michx. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 107.— Dill. elth.
p. 394. t. 293. f. 378.
Flowers and berries deep
purple. Leaves sometimes
subsinuated. There are gla-
brous and pubescent varie-
ties of this species. The
roots of this species, as well
as those of the following,
are used in North America
as an emetic for ipecacuanha. It was first brought into notice
by Dr. Tinkar, and hence it has been called Tinkar's root.
Perfoliate-lea.\ed Fever-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1730.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
2 T. ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 37.) leaves oval-lan-
ceolate, rather connate at the base ; pedicels axillary, solitary,
1-flowered ; stem hispid. I/. H. Native of Virginia and Ca-
rolina, on the borders of woods in sandy soil. T. minus, Michx.
fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 107. — Pluk. aim. t. 104. f. 2. Stem hairy,
rather quadrangular. Leaves quite entire. Flowers yellow.
Berries yellow.
Narrow-leaved Fever-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1699. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
3 T. HIMALAYA'NUM (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 180.) plant
covered with long hairs ; leaves obovate, acute, connate at the
base : lowermost ones free ; racemes terminal, bearing the
flowers in whorls. 1£. H. Native of Nipaul, on the Himalaya
at Gosaingsthan, where it grows on very high and exposed
rocks. Stems terete. Leaves membranous, rounded at the end,
with a short acumen, 6-8 inches long, about 4 fingers broad,
somewhat narrow towards the base. Berries oval, about the
size of a small gooseberry, 3-furrowed, 1 -celled, 3-seeded,
hairy, yellow.
Himalaya Fever-wort. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
3T 9
Jj A
444
CAPRIFOLIACEjE. IV. DIERVILLA. V. LONICERA.
4 T. HiRSt/TUM (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 180.) plant suffruticose,
hairy ; leaves on short petioles, lanceolate, entire, acuminated ;
flowers axillary, sessile, much shorter than their numerous lan-
ceolate bracteas ; berries 5 -seeded. H..H. Native ofChitta-
gong, where it flowers during the hot season.
Hairy Fever-wort. PI. 2 to 3 feet ?
Cult. These species of Triosteum will grow in almost any
kind of soil, although they prefer a peat or vegetable mould ;
and they are easily increased by dividing at the root, or by seed,
which generally ripen in abundance.
IV. DIERVI'LLA (named by Tournefort in compliment to
M. Dierville, a French surgeon, who was the first to introduce
D. Canadensis into Europe). Tourn. act. ac. par. 1706. t. 7. f. 1.
Lin. hort. cliff, p. 63. t. 7. Juss. gen. 211. D. C. prod. 4. p.
330. — Lonicera species, Lin. gen. — Weigela, Thunb. fl. jap. p.
6. Lam. ill. 105. and Weigelia, Pers. ench. 1. p. 176. ex R. Br.
in Wall. pi. asiat. 1. p. 15.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx oblong,
bibracteate at the base : limb 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped,
3-cleft, spreading twice the length of the calyx. Stamens 5,
somewhat exserted. Stigma capitate. Capsule oblong, acute,
1 -celled, not crowned by the limb of the calyx, as in most of
the other genera of the present order. Seeds numerous, mi-
nute.— Erect shrubs. Leaves ovate, acuminated, serrated.
Peduncles axillary, bibracteate, usually dichotomous, 2-3 or 4-
flowered.
1 D. CANADE'NSIS (Willd. enum. 1. p. 222.) leaves on short
petioles, ovate, acuminated, serrated, and are, as well as the
petioles, glabrous, tj . H. Native of Carolina, New England,
Newfoundland, on rocks and the highest mountains ; through-
out Canada to the Saskatchawan ; and from Hudson's Bay to
the Rocky Mountains. Lonicera Diervilla, Lin. mat. med. p.
62. Sims, bot. mag. 1796. D. Tournefortii, Michx. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 107. D. humilis, Pers. ench. 1. p. 214. D. lutea,
Pursli, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 102. D. trifida, Moench, meth. 492.
D. Arcadiensis, Duham. arb. 1. t. 87. — Smidth, arb. t. 116.
Flowers yellow. Fruit a brown dry capsule. There are a num-
ber of varieties of this plant in respect to size of flowers, and
leaves. Root creeping, throwing up suckers.
Canadian Diervilla. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1739. Shrub 3
to 4 feet.
2 D. JAPO'NICA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 330.) leaves on short pe-
tioles, ovate, acuminated, having the veins and petioles hairy
above. I? . H. Native of Japan, near Jedo ; and of Faconia.
Weigela Japonica, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 90. t. 16. and in Lin. trans.
2. p. 331. nov. gen. 1. p. 5. act. holm. 1780. p. 137. t. 5. —
Sima Utsugi, Kosmpf. amoan. 5. p. 855. Corolla purple.
Japan Diervilla. Shrub.
3 D. COR^EE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 330.) leaves petiolate,
obovate, serrated, acuminated, glabrous ; petioles stem-clasping,
ciliated. Jj . H. Native of Japan. Weigela Corseensis, Thunb.
in Lin. trans. 2. p. 331. Weigela Coraeensis, Pers. ench. 1. p.
176. — Sorei Utsugi, Koempf. icon. sel. ed. Banks, t. 45.
Flowers large, campanulate. Perhaps a congener of the pre-
ceding.
Corcea Diervilla. Shrub.
Cult. The species of Diervilla are well fitted for the front
of shrubberies ; and they are easily increased by cuttings put
into the ground in autumn and spring ; or by suckers, which rise
from the roots in plenty.
V. LONICE'RA (named after Adam Lonicer, a German who
was born in 1528, and died in 1586. There was another Loni-
cer, John, who wrote comments on Dioscorides). Desf. fl. atl.
1. p. 183. Lam. ill. t. 150. D. C. prod. 4. p. 330. — Lonicera
species, Lin. and many other authors. — Caprifolium and Xylos-
teum, Juss. gen. p. 212. — Xylosteum, Caprifolium, Chamae-
cerasus, and Periclymenum, Tourn. inst. t. 378 and 379. —
Caprifolium and Lonicera, Roem. et Schultes, syst. — Lonicera
and Xylosteum, Torrey, fl. un. st.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx 5-toothed
(f. 78. a.). Corolla tubular (f. 78. b. f. 79. b.}, campanulate,
or funnel-shaped : with a 5-cleft, usually irregular limb (f. 78.
b. f. 79. 6.). Stamens 5. Style filiform ; stigma capitate (f.
78. c.). Berry 3-celled ; cells few-seeded. Seeds crustaceous.
— Erect or climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, sometimes con-
nate, entire, but sometimes somewhat runcinate (f. 79. e.) in the
same species. Flowers axillary, variously disposed.
SECT. I. CAPRIFOLIUM (caper, a goat, and folium a leaf;
in reference to the climbing habit of the species). D. C. fl. fr.
4. p. 270. D. C. prod. 4. p. 331. — Caprifolium, Juss. gen.
212. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 19. Lonicera, Torr. fl.
un. st. 1. p. 242. but not of Schultes. Berries solitary, while
young 3-celled, but when mature usually 1 -celled, crowned by
the tube of the calyx, which is permanent. Flowers disposed in
capitate whorls. — Climbing shrubs.
* Flowers ringenl. — Caprifolium, Tourn. inst. p. 608.
1 L. CAPRIFOVLIUM (Lin. spec. p. 246.) branches twining ;
leaves deciduous, obovate, acutish, glaucous : uppermost ones
broader and connate ; flowers ringent, terminal, disposed in capi-
tate whorls, fj . /"\ H. Native of middle and south Eurupe,
even to the Terek, in woods, hedges, and thickets. In England
in like situations ; in a wood near Elsfield, Oxfordshire, plentiful ;
in Chalkpit Close, Hinton, Cambridgeshire, certainly wild ; also
in another coppice in the same parish. In several woods in the
south of Scotland. Smith, engl. bot. t. 799. Jacq. austr. t.
357. Engl. gard. cat. 14. t. 5. — Dodon. pempt. 411. with a
figure. — Math, valgr. vol. 2. p. 321. with a figure. Cam. epit.
713. with a figure. — Rivin. irr. t. 123. Periclymenum perfo-
liatum, Ger. emac. p. 891. with a figure. Stem twining from
left to right. Buds acute, glaucous. The lower leaves are dis-
tinct and somewhat stalked ; 2 or 3 of the upper pairs united :
the uppermost of all forming a concave cup. Flowers in one
or more axillary whorls : the uppermost whorl terminal : with
a central bud, 6 in each whorl, highly fragrant, 2 inches long,
yellowish, with a bluish-coloured tube. Berries elliptical, of a
tawny orange colour, each crowned by an almost entire calyx.
Goat's-leafor Pale-perfoliate Honeysuckle. Fl. May, June.
Britain. Shrub tw.
2 L. ETRU'SCA (Santi, viagg. 1. p. 113. t. 1.) branches twin-
ing ; leaves deciduous, obovate, obtuse, pubescent : lower ones
on short petioles : upper ones connately perfoliate, acute, gla- •
brous ; flowers disposed in verticillate heads : with usually
about 3 heads on the top of each branch. Jj. /~>. H. Native
of the south of France, Sicily, Vallais, Carniola, Dalmatia, on
hills. Savi, fl. pis. 8. p. 236. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. 500. L.
Etrusca, Host, fl. aust. 1. p. 298. Caprifolium Etruscum,
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 261. L. Periclymenum, Gouan,
hort. p. 101. Caprifolium Italicum perfoliatum prae'cox,
Tourn. inst. p. 608. Flowers glabrous, sweet-scented, purplish
on the outside, and yellow inside.
Etruscan Honeysuckle. Fl, May, June. Clt. ? Shrub tw.
3 L. IMPLE'XA (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 231.) quite glabrous ;
branches twining ; leaves permanent, evergreen, glaucescent i^
lower ones oblong, distinct : middle ones perfoliate : uppermost
ones connate, forming a hollow roundish cup ; flowers dis-
posed in capitate whorls, ringent. Tj . /~>. H. Native of the
Balearic Islands and Sicily. Sims, bot. mag. t. 640. Viv. fl. cors.
p. 4. exclusive of the Guss. syn. Camb. bal. p. 84. et Guss.
CAPRIFOLIACEjE. V. LONICERA.
445
sic. 1. p. 257. Caprifolium implexum, Rcem. et Schultes, syst.
5. p. 261. Flowers purplish before expansion, becoming paler
on the outside as they expand ; white on the inside ; but finally
changing to yellow, as in the common woodbine. The leaves
in Curtis's figure appear to be ovate and acute.
Var. fl, Bakarica (Viv. Camb. et Guss. 1. c.) lower leaves
somewhat cordate : upper ones connate, obovate, glaucous be-
neath. Tj . ^. H. Native of Corsica, South of France, Italy,
Sicily, and Mauritania, &c. Caprifolium Balearicum, Dum.
Cours. bot. cult. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 358. Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 261. L. Balearica, D. C. fl. fr. suppl. 499. L.
Caprifolium, Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 183. Evergreen. Bark of
branches violaceous, clothed with glaucous bloom. Flowers
4-6 in a head, large, cream-coloured, 15-18 inches long.
Interwoven or Minorca Honeysuckle. Fl. June, Sept. Clt.
1772. Shrub tw.
4 L. CYRENAICA (Viv. fl. lib. spec. 12. t. 8. f. 1.) quite
glabrous ; branches twining ; leaves elliptic, glaucous beneath :
lower ones sessile, distinct : upper ones truncate at the base,
and confluent; flowers disposed in whorled heads. 17 . ^"\ H.
Native of Lybia, in the vicinity of Cyren, on hills. Said to be
allied to L. Caprifolium, but differs in the upper leaves being
much smaller, almost as in L. Periclymenum.
Cyren Honeysuckle. Shrub tw.
5 L. PERICLY'MENUM (Lin. spec. p. 247.) branches climbing ;
leaves all separate, deciduous, sometimes downy, glaucous be-
neath, ovate, obtuse, attenuated at the base : upper ones the
smallest ; heads of flowers all terminal, ovate, imbricated ;
flowers ringent. Jj . r>. H. Native of middle Europe, in
hedges, groves, and thickets, common ; plentiful in Britain, in
like situations. Smith, engl. bot. t. 800. Curt. fl. lond. fasc.
1. t. 15. Oed. fl. dan. t. 908. Schmidt arb. t. 107. Svensk,
bot. t. 140. Caprifolium Germanicum, Raii, syn. p. 458. engl.
gard. cat. t. 5. Periclymenum, Ger. emac. p. 891. with a figure.
Periclymenum Germanicum, Riv. mon. irr. t. 122. P. hor-
t6nse, Gesn. icon. pict. fasc. 1. 38. t. 7. f. 49. Caprifolium
Periclymenum, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 262. Caprifolium
sylvaticum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 365. There are varieties of this
species with either smooth, pubescent, or variegated leaves ;
and when the plant grows by the sea-side they are occasionally
more glaucous and rather succulent. Corollas externally deep
red, or in the earlier flowering varieties all over buff coloured ;
in the maritime plant smaller and greenish. Berries nearly
globular, deep red, bitter and nauseous, accompanied by per-
manent bracteas. The early writers attribute virtues to this
shrub which are now quite given up, but the beauty and exqui-
site fragrance of the flowers make it a favourite plant in gardens
and shrubberies. This is the true woodbine of poets, though
likewise the " twisted eglantine" of Milton. Notwithstanding
Curtis's imperfect quotation, Shakspeare is guiltless of this
blunder. He says,
" So doth the woodbine, the sweet honeysuckle,
Gently entwist the maple."
Var. j3, serotinum (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 378.) branches gla-
brous ; flowers late, reddish. fj . /"\ H. Hort. angl. 14. no.
4. t. 7. Mill. fig. t. 7!). Riv. mon. irr. t. 122. Periclyme-
num Germanicum, Mill. diet. no. 4. This, the late red
honeysuckle, produces a greater number of flowers together
than either the Italian or Dutch honeysuckle, so that it makes
a finer appearance than either of them, during the time of
flowering. It has not been such a long inhabitant of our gardens
as the Dutch honeysuckle, for about the year 1715 it was con-
sidered a great curiosity, when it was called the Flemish honey-
suckle, and was probably brought over by the Flemish florists.
Var. y, Belgica ; branches smooth, purplish ; leaves oblong-
oval, of a lucid green above, but pale beneath, on long petioles ;
flowers in terminal, verticillate heads, each flower arising out of
a scaly cover, reddish on the outside, and yellowish within, of a
very agreeable odour. J? . ^. H. Periclymenum Germanicum,
Mill. diet. no. 4. — Hort. angl. 15. no. 5. t. 6. This, the Dutch
honeysuckle, may be trained with stems, and formed into heads,
which the wild sort cannot, the branches being too weak and
trailing for that purpose.
far. S, quercifolium (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 378.) leaves sinu-
ated like those of an oak. fj . ^\ H. This variety is to be
found in England in a wood near Kimberly, Norfolk ; and near
Oxford. There is also a kind of this with variegated leaves.
The flowers are like those of the species. This is called the
Oak-leaved honeysuckle.
Woodbine or Common Honeysuckle. Fl. June, July, Oct.
Britain. Shrub tw.
6 L. FLA'VA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1318.) quite glabrous;
branches twining a little ; leaves ovate, sometimes glaucous be-
neath, with cartilaginous margins ; upper leaves connately per-
foliate ; flowers in terminal verticillate heads ; corollas rather
ringent : with oblong, obtuse lobes. Tj . °. H. Native of the
Paris Mountains, South Carolina; on the Catskill Mountains,
New York. Torrey, fl. un. st. 1. p. 243. Caprifolium flavum,
Ell. sketch. 1. p. 271. Caprifolium Fraseri, Pursh, fl. amer.
sept. 1 . p. 1 60. Flowers bright yellow, but as they fade be-
coming orange-coloured, very fragrant.
IW/ow-flowered Honeysuckle. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810.
Shrub tw.
7 L. PUBE'SCENS (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 194.) branches twin-
ing; leaves broad-ovate-elliptic, on short petioles, pubescent
and ciliated, glaucous beneath : upper ones connately perfoliate ;
spikes or racemes composed of verticillate heads of flowers ;
corollas beset with glandular pubescence. Jj . '~>. H. Native
of North America, in Massachuset, Vermont, New York, and
Canada, in many places. Caprifolium pubescens, Goldie, in
edinb. phil. journ. 1822. april, p. 323. Hook, exot. fl. t. 27.
L. hirsuta, Eaton, man. bot. ed. 3. p. 341. ex Torrey, fl. un. st.
1. p. 242. L. Golclii, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 758. Flowers yellow.
This appears tp hold the place in the more northern parts which
L.flava does in the south ; of which indeed Dr. Torrey suspects
it to be a variety.
Pubescent Honeysuckle. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1822. Sh. tw.
8 L. PARVIFLORA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 728.) quite glabrous ;
branches twining ; leaves elliptic, sessile : lower ones somewhat
connate : upper ones connately perfoliate, glabrous, very glau-
cous beneath ; flowers disposed in verticillate heads ; corollas
glabrous ; with the tube gibbous at the base on one side ; fila-
ments hairy. Pj . ^\ H. Native of North America, from New
England to Carolina, in rocky shady situations ; frequent in
Canada, and as far north as the Saskatchawan ; and from Hud-
son's Bay to the Rocky Mountains. Caprifolium parviflorum,
Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 161. Lonicera dioica, Lin. syst.
veg. ed. 13. p. 181. L. media, Murr. nov. comm. gcett. 1776.
p. 28. t. 3. Caprifolium bracteosum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1.
p. 105. Caprifolium dioicum, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
260. Caprifolium glaucum, Mcench. Flowers yellow, smaller
than in any of the foregoing species ; but it varies exceedingly
in the colour of the flowers, for there is a variety mentioned by
Michaux having purplish flowers.
Var. fi ; leaves pubescent or tomentose beneath. Fj . H.
Native of Canada, along with the species.
Sma ll-Jlomered Honeysuckle. Fl. June, July. Shrub tw.
9 L. DOUGLA'SII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 332.) branches twining ;
leaves oval, acute at both ends, petiolate, glabrous, ciliated,
tomentose on the outside : upper ones connate ; flowers disposed
in capitate whorls ; stigma exserted ; stamens inclosed. Fj . /~>. H.
446
CAPRIFOLIACE^E. V. LONICERA.
Native of the western coast of North America, on the banks of
the Saskatchawan. Caprifolium Douglasii, Lindl. hort. trans.
7. p. 244. Corollas pubescent, bilabiate, deep orange red.
Leaves 4-6 inches long, deep green. Hooker in his fl. amer.
bor. 1. p. 282. considers this nothing but a variety of L. par-
vifldra.
Douglas's Honeysuckle. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1824. Sh. tw.
10 L.? MICROPHY'LLA (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 283.)
branches twining ; leaves small, on short petioles, cordate, ob-
tuse, stiff, hispid from pili as well as the branches, pale and
glaucous beneath. Fj . ^. H. Native of north-west America,
on the subalpine range of Mount Hood, in rocky, partially
shady places, abundant ; sparingly at the Grand Rapids, and on
steep rocks near Oak Point, on the Columbia. The specimens
examined have no flowers, but judging from the habit of the
plant it may perhaps safely be referred to this genus, and to
the present division of it. The leaves are hardly 6 lines long,
uniform, exactly cordate, very villous as well as the stems with
brown hairs.
Small-leaved Honeysuckle. Shrub tw.
11 L. GRA'TA (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 231.) branches twining;
leaves permanent, obovate, rather mucronate, glaucous beneath
and reticulately veined, glabrous : upper ones connately perfo-
liate ; spikes composed of approximate whorles of flowers ;
corollas ringent. Fj . /'\ H. Native of North America, from
Carolina to New York, on the mountains, rambling among
rocks in shady moist situations, but rare. Hort. angl. p. 15.
no. 10. t. 8. Caprifolium gratum, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p.
161. Roam, et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 262. L. Virginiana,
Marsh, arb. 136. ? Periclymenum Americanum, Mill. diet. no.
7. Branches reddish brown. Flowers inclining to scarlet on
the outside, according to Pursh. Corolla ringent, reddish on
the outside, and yellow inside. Berries red.
Pleasant Honeysuckle. Fl.Ju. Sept. Clt. 1730. Sh. tw.
* Limb of corolla nearly equal. — Periclymenum, Town.
12 L. SEMPERVIRENS (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 230.) quite gla-
brous ; leaves permanent, evergreen, obovate or ovate, glaucous
beneath, glabrous : upper ones connately perfoliate ; spikes
nearly naked, composed of whorls of flowers ; tube of corolla
ventricose on the upper side ; limb nearly regular, with 5
roundish lobes. ^ • ' """• H. Native of North America, from
New York to Carolina, in stony dry woods. Hort. angl. t. 7.
Knor, del. 1. t. 53. Caprifolium sempervirens, Michx. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 105. Periclymenum sempervirens, Mill. diet. no.
1. Alaternus sempervirens, Roehl. ex Steud. Periclymenum
Virginiacum, Riv. mon. 116. Branches brown. Leaves deep
green above, 2 inches long and an inch broad. Whorls of
flowers usually 3, at the top of each branch. Flowers of a
beautiful scarlet outside and yellow inside, about 1 inch long>
inodorous. There are several varieties of this species, particu-
larly one with an almost upright stem.
Var. a, major (Ait. 1. c.) leaves roundish, fj. ^ H. Curt,
bot. mag. 781. Schmidt, arb. t. 104. Great Trumpet Honey-
suckle.
Var. ft, minor (Ait. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acute at both ends :
upper ones obtuse, perfoliate. fj . *~*. H. Sims, bot. mag.
1753. Ker. bot. reg. t. 556. L. connata, Meerb. icon. t. 11.?
Small Trumpet Honeysuckle. According to the figure in bot.
mag. the flowers are scarlet both outside and inside.
Evergreen or Trumpet Honeysuckle. Fl. May, June. Clt.
1656. Shrub tw.
13 L. CILIOSA (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 612.) plant twining; upper
part of the branches hairy on one side ; leaves coriaceous, reti-
culated, ovate, on short petioles, glaucous beneath, and ciliated
on the margins : upper ones connately perfoliate : spikes composed
of approximate verticillate heads of nearly sessile flowers ; tube
of corolla hairy, ventricose in the middle : limb nearly equal.
Ij . ^\ H. Native of North America, on the banks of the
Kooskoosky. Caprifolium cilidsum, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1.
p. 160. L. ciliata, Dietr. lex. suppl. 4. p. 263. Flowers deep
yellow. Peduncles beset with glandular hairs.
Ciliated-\eaved Honeysuckle. Fl.Ju. Clt. 1825. Sh. tw.
14 L. OCCIDENTALS (Hook, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 282.) twin-
ing ; leaves oval, almost sessile, glabrous, ciliated, glaucous
beneath : upper ones connately perfoliate ; flowers disposed in
verticillate heads ; corolla glabrous, with an elongated tube,
which is gibbous above the base : the limb nearly equal ; sta-
mens almost inclosed. Tj . r>. H. Native about Fort Van-
couver, on the Columbia. Caprifolium occidentale, Lindl. bot.
reg. t. 1457. Caprifolium ciliosum, Dougl. mss. The flowers
are longer than any other British North American species, and
of a full orange red. Branches and peduncles glabrous.
Western Honeysuckle. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. Shrub tw.
15 L. PILOSA (Willd. mss. ex Kunth, D. C. prod. 4. p. 333.)
leaves ovate-oblong, ending in an acute, cuspidate point, ciliated,
pilose on the nerves beneath : upper ones connately perfoliate ;
flowers disposed in a verticillate terminal head ; heads sessile :
tube of corolla long : limb nearly equal. Tj . "^. H. Native of
New Spain, in frigid places. Caprifolium pilosum, H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 427. t. 298. Flowers purple.
Pilose Honeysuckle. Shrub tw.
SECT. II. XYLOSTEUM (ZvXov, xylon, wood, and oareov, osteon,
a bone ; the wood of L. xylosteum is as hard as bone). D. C.
fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 271.- D. C. prod'. 4. p. 333.— Xylosteon,
Juss. gen. 212. — Lonicera, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 19.
— Xylosteon and Chameecerasus, Tourn. inst. p. 609. — Xylos-
teum and Isika, Adans, fam. 2. p. 501. — Cobse'a, Neck. elem.
no. 219. Pedicels axillary, 2-flowered, bibracteate at the apex.
Berries twin, distinct, or joined together more or less, 3-celled
in the young state, rarely 2-celled in the adult state ; the limb
of the calyx is generally deciduous, therefore the fruit is usually
not crowned.- — Climbing or erect shrubs. Leaves never connate.
§ 1. Nintooa (Nin-tooo* Sin-too is the name of L. Japonica
in China). D. C. prod. 4. p. 333. Ovaria and berries altogether
distinct. Stems scandent. Flowers irregular.
16 L. MACRA'NTHA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 333.) branches twining,
hispid ; leaves ovate or oblong, rather cordate at the base, and
acuminated at the apex, of an ash-grey colour and villous beneath,
glabrous above, except along the nerves ; peduncles axillary
and terminal, 2-flowered, longer than the petioles, the whole
forming an ample leafy raceme ; calycine segments subulate,
hispid ; corolla very long. Tj . r>. H. Native of Nipaul, at
Suembu, and of Silhet. Caprifolium macranthum, D. Don,
fl. nep. p. 140. Xylosteon scandens, Ham. mss. Lon. Japo-
nica, Wall, in litt. and in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 174. Leaves 3-5
inches long, shining above, and villous along the nerves and
margins: beautifully reticulated, glaucous, villous, and hairy
beneath. The flowers are at first snow-white and gradually
changing into a beautiful yellow, acquiring thereby a peculiarly
varied appearance. Berries nearly globular, smooth, deep
purple, covered slightly with a pale bloom, crowned by the
permanent villous calyx, 3-celled ; cells 4-seeded. In Nipawl
this species embellishes most of the forests, both in the valley
and on the surrounding hills.
Large-Jlorvered Honeysuckle. Fl. April, June. Shrub tw.
17 L. CONFU'SA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 333.) branches twining,
pubescent ; leaves ovate, acute, rounded at the base, downy on
both surfaces as well as on the peduncles ; peduncles axillary,
longer than the petioles, 2-flowered, opposite, disposed in some-
CAPRIFOLIACEjE. V. LONICERA.
447
FIG. 78.
hing like a thyrse at the tops of the branches ; calycine seg-
ments ovate, and are as well as the corollas pubescent. fj . |0>.
H. Native of Japan and China. Nintoda confusa, Sweet,
hort. brit. ed. 2. Lonicera Japonica, Andr. bot. rep. t. 583.
Ker. bot. reg. t. 70. Delaun. herb. amat. t. 132. but not
of Thunb. Nin-too Sin-too, Kaempf. amoen. 5. p. 785.
The flowers are snow-white at first, but gradually change
to a golden yellow colour, hence it is called Sui-Kadsura and
Kinginqua, i. e. gold and silver flowers, by the Japanese. Co-
rolla about an inch long, bilabiate.
Confused Honeysuckle. Fl. July. Clt. 1805. Shrub tw.
18 L. LONGIFLORA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 333.) glabrous in every
part ; branches twining ; leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate,
shining above and pale beneath ; peduncles short, 2-flowered,
about the length of the petioles ;
tube of corolla very long and
filiform : limb bilabiate. Tj . *"*•
H. Native of China and Nipaul.
Caprifolium longiflorum, Sabine,
ex Lindl. bot. reg. 1232. Nin-
tooa longiflora, Sweet, hort. brit.
ed. 2. Caprifolium Japonicum,
D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 140.
Caprifolium Nepalense, G. Don,
in Loud. hort. brit. 79. Flowers
several inches long, at first snow
white, but finally changing to a
golden yellow colour.
Long-flowered Honeysuckle.
Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1826. Sh.
tw.
1 9 L. JAPONICA (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 89.) stems twining, flexuous,
hairy ; branchlets opposite, very hairy, bearing 2 leaves and
2 sessile flowers at the top FTP 70
of each ; leaves petiolate,
ovate, acutish, villous, pale
beneath : uppermost ones
the smallest ; corolla tu-
bular, irregular, villous.
fj. ^. H. Native of
China and Japan. Nin-
tooa Japonica, Sweet, hort.
brit. ed. 2. L. Cbinensis,
Wats. dend. brit. t. 117.
L. flexu6sa,Lodd. bot. cab.
1037. Ker. bot. reg. 712.
but not of Thunb. Leaves
about an inch long. Corolla about an inch long, red, and
villous on the outside and white inside, sweet-scented, equal in
length to the stamens.
Japan Honeysuckle. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1806. Sh. tw.
20 L. JAVA'NICA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 334.) stem twining;
leaves ovate or oval-oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base,
ciliated, glabrous above, glaucous and tomentose beneath ; pe-
duncles 2-flowered, axillary, solitary, but so much crowded at
the tops of the branches as to appear somewhat corymbose.
Jj . r>. G. Native of Java, in woods on Mount Tjerimai. Ca-
prifolium Javanicum, Blum, bijdr. p. 653.
Java Honeysuckle. Shrub tw.
21 L. LOUREIRI (D. C. prod. 4. p. 334.) climbing or twining;
leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, subcordate at the base, rather
pilose on both surfaces ; peduncles 2-flowered, axillary, solitary :
those at the tops of the branches disposed in dense heads. ^ •
'"X G. Native of Java, on the tops of Mounts Cede and
Tjerimai. Caprifolium Loureiri, Blum, bijdr. p. 653. Flowers
white ?
Loureiro's Honeysuckle. Shrub tw.
22 L. COCIIINCHINE'NSIS ; climbing or twining, much branched ;
leaves ovate, pubescent, small ; peduncles 2-flowered, axillary ;
berries distinct, roundish, Tj . **\ H. Native of Cochin-china,
among bushes and in hedges. L. Xylosteum, Lour. coch. p.
150. Tube of corolla very long; limb bilabiate: one of the
lips 4-cleft and the other entire. Berry red. Flowers white.
Cochin-china Honeysuckle. Shrub tw.
23 L. TELFAI'RII (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p.
190.) branches twining, pubescent; leaves petiolate, oblong,
acute, obtuse at the base or cordate, glabrous above in the adult
state, and densely clothed with velvety pubescence beneath ;
peduncles bibracteate at the apex, 2-flowered, axillary, solitary,
one half shorter than the petioles : the terminal ones forming a
kind of head ; calyx villous : with minute, ovate, acute teeth ;
tube of corolla elongated, equal, villous. f; . '~>. H. Native
of China. Lonicera Periclymenum, Lour. coch. p. 150. Closely
allied on the one hand to L. confusum, D. C. from which it
differs in the leaves being smooth above, and in the shorter
peduncles, and on the other to L. Leschenaultii, Wall, which,
however, is said to have ovate-subcordate ciliated leaves ; and
villous branches.
Tel/air's Honeysuckle. Shrub tw.
24 L. LESCHENAU'LTII (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 178.)
branches twining ; leaves ovate, subcordate, acute, quite entire,
smooth above, hoary and villous beneath : with the margins
ciliated ; peduncles 2-flowered, axillary, solitary, or in terminal
fascicles. ]j . rs. H. Native of the East Indies, on the Nelli-
ghery Mountains, where it is called Moulle Gueda by the natives.
Leaves 1-2 inches long ; petioles villous. At the apex of each
peduncle there is an involucrum, consisting of six unequal vil-
lous bracteas, which support the two flowers. Calycine teeth
linear, villous. Corolla large, probably yellow ; with a villous
slender tube, about an inch in length ; and a bilabiate limb,
which is nearly as long as the tube ; the upper lip consisting of
4 ovate, obtuse lobes ; under lip deeply divided; throat villous.
Ovarium ovate, villous. Stamens long.
Leschenault's Honeysuckle. Shrub tw.
25 L. GLABRA'TA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 175.) glabrous
in every part ; branches twining ; leaves ovate, acuminated,
glaucous beneath, glabrous except on the nerves beneath, which
are pubescent ; peduncles axillary and terminal, short, villous,
bearing towards the apex several opposite, approximate, very
short, 2-flowered pedicels ; tube of corolla rather short, cylin-
drical, widening at the apex ; bracteas ovate. Jj . /"\ H. Na-
tive of Nipaul, on the top of Sheopore, and from Kabelas in the
valley. L. nigra, Thunb. jap. p. 8!). and in Lin. trans. 11.
p. 330. ? Bark of branches shining, brownish. Leaves 3-5
inches long, seldom obtuse at the base ; the upper surfaces
polished ; petioles about half an inch long, surrounding the
stem and branches with an elevated margin, as in L. acuminala.
Flowers yellow, smooth, with a purplish bloom on the outside,
supported by a common involucrum, consisting of 6 very small,
ovate, ciliated bracteas. Calycine segments subulate, ciliated.
Tube of corolla about an inch long, widening at the apex into
a bilabiate limb, which as well as the filaments and style are
rather hairy : upper lip trifid, obtuse, the intermediate lobe
retuse : the under lip oblong. Berries distinct, almost black,
3-celled ; cells 4-seeded.
Smooth Honeysuckle. Shrub tw.
26 L. ACUMINA'TA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 177.) branches
twining, villous ; leaves ovate to oblong, cordate, acuminated,
slightly hairy, membranous ; peduncles axillary, longer than
the petioles, villous, 2-flowered; bracteas linear, acuminated,
ciliated, longer than the ovaries ; corolla not gibbous, funnel-
shaped, fj . /~>. H. Native of the Himalaya, at Gosaingsthan.
448
CAPRIFOLIACEjE. V. LONICERA.
Leaves 3-5 inches long : petioles half an inch long. At the
apex of the peduncles there is usually an involucrum of 6 small
bracteas, which are hairy. Flowers like those of L. Xylosteum,
and about the same size ; they are yellow, tinged with pale
purple, slightly hairy on the outside. Calycine segments lan-
ceolate, ciliated, bluntish. Style and filaments hairy.
Acuminate-leaved Honeysuckle. Shrub tw.
27 L. DIVERSIFOLIA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 178.)
branches twining ; leaves ovate, cuspidate, acute, or acumin-
ated, rounded or subcordate at the base, pubescent above,
villous beneath ; peduncles axillary, shorter than the petioles,
2-flowered ; calyx cup-shaped, acutely 5-lobed ; corolla gibbous,
funnel-shaped, villous ; ovaries villous. ^ . ^\ H. Native of
the East Indies, on Mount Gurval. Branches villous. Leaves
3 inches long, on very short petioles. Peduncles smooth.
Bracteas ciliated with long hairs. Flowers resembling those of
L. Xylosteum both in size and colour.
Far. ft, Royleana (Wall. cat. no. 487. D. C. prod. 4. p. 334.)
leaves oval ; peduncles length of petioles. T? . ^\ H. Native
of Nipaul, on Sirmore and Karnaon.
Diverse-leaved Honeysuckle. Shrub tw.
28 L. LIGUSTKINA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 179.) branches
slender, twining, covered with ash-grey, shining, smooth bark ;
young shoots villous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, hardly petiolate,
shining, ciliated, obtuse at the base, acute at the apex ; pedun-
cles villous, axillary, very short, 2-flowered ; limb of calyx
truncate ; berries distinct, and are as well as the ovaries covered
by a common membrane. tj . ^. H. Native of Nipaul, on
the mountains, in woods. Xylosteum ligustrinum, D. Don,
prod. fl. nep. p. 140. X. Naisoca, Hamilt. mss. ex D. Don,
1. c. Young shoots surrounded at the base with some lan-
ceolate, acute, quadrifariously imbricated bud-scales. Leaves
dark green above, pale and reticulated beneath ; petioles vil-
lous. Bracteas 2 at the apex of each peduncle. Corollas
yellowish-white, funnel-shaped, half an inch long; tube gib-
bous and pubescent at the base, villous within : limb nearly
equal, spreading, divided into 5 ovate, obtuse, ciliated segments.
Filaments smooth, about the length of the limb of the corolla.
Ovaries distinct, 3 celled ; cells 3-seeded.
Privet-leaved Honeysuckle. Shrub tw.
29 L. LANCEOLA'TA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 177.) stems
almost erect, bushy ? leaves lanceolate, acuminated, hairy, acute
at the base and glaucous beneath ; peduncles axillary, longer
than the petioles, and like them villous ; berries distinct, glo-
bose, smooth ; bracteas 2 linear and 4 ovate. Jj . H. Native
of Nipaul, at Gosaingsthan. Stem covered with fibrous epi-
dermis, probably erect. Branches slender, pubescent. Leaves
pubescent above and shining, glaucous and hairy beneath, with
somewhat repand margins. Petioles short. Berries the size
and colour of black currants, smooth, crowned, 3-celled, sup-
ported by 2 linear and 4 ovate bracteas, the latter recurved and
shorter.
Lanceolate-leaved Honeysuckle. Shrub erect ?
30 L. CANE'SCENS (Schousb. mar. 1. p. 88.) branches twining,
and are as well as the leaves canescent from down ; leaves pe-
tiolate, ovate, cordate, bluntish ; peduncles 2-flowered, longer
than the petioles ; bracteas and lobes of calyx oblong. ^ . ^. H.
Native of hedges about Mogodor, and on Mount Trara in Mauri-
tania; and of Sicily at Palermo, ex Guss. fl. sic. 1. p. 250.
L. biflora, Desf. fl. all. 1. p. 184. t. 52. Corolla bilabiate,
attenuated at the base, velvety on the outside. Berries nearly
distinct.
Canescent Honeysuckle. Shrub tw.
§ 2. CiiamcEcerasi (The name signifies a kind of false cherry ;
die fruit of some of the species resemble cherries). D. C. prod.
4. p. 335. Berries distinct, but usually connected together at the
base, and diverging at the apex. Corolla hardly gibbous at the
base or equal. Erect bushy shrubs.
31 L. TATA'RICA (Lin. spec. 1. p. 247.) quite glabrous, erect ;
leaves cordate-ovate, hardly acute ; peduncles shorter than the
leaves ; berries distinct while young, and nearly globose, but
at length connate at the base. Tj . H. Native of Tartary.
Pall. fl. ross. t. 36. Jacq. icon. rar. t. 37. Ker. hot. reg.
t. 31. Guimp. abb. holz. t. 87. Xylosteum cordatum, Mcench,
meth. p. 502. X. Tataricum, Dum. Cours. Flowers rose-
coloured, short, somewhat gibbous at the base. Fruit black,
with one of the berries usually abortive. Bracteas 2, linear-
setaceous. Peduncles 2-flowered.
Var. ft, albiflbra (D. C. prod. 4. p. 335.) flowers white. L.
Pyrenaica, Willd. baumz. p. 181.
Var. y, rubiflbra (D. C. 1. c.) flowers red. L. Sibfrica, Hortul.
ex Pers. ench.
Tartarian Honeysuckle. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1752. Sh.
4 to 6 feet.
32 L. CILIA' TA (Muhl. cat. p. 22.) erect; leaves ovate or
oblong, cordate, thin, ciliated, villous beneath in the young state
peduncles elongated ; bracteas 2, ovate, 3 times shorter than
the ovaries, which are distinct ; corolla bluntly spurred at the
base : with short, nearly equal lobes ; berries distinct, red
divaricate. (7 . H. - Native of North America, on mountains
among rocks, in rich soil ; from Canada to Virginia, and through-
out Canada to the Saskatchewan, frequent. Xylosteum cilia-
turn, Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 1. p. 161. L. Tatarica, Michx. fl
amer. 1. p. 166. but not of Lin. L. Canadensis, Rcern. e
Schultes 5. p. 260. Flowers white, with a tinge of red or yel
low ; tube ventricose above ; limb with short, acute segments
Style exserted. The variety fl of Pursh is Vaccmium album.
Ciliated-leaved Honeysuckle. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
33 L. PYRENA'ICA (Lin. spec. p. 248.) glabrous, erect ; leave
obovate-lanceolate, acute, glaucous beneath ; peduncles 2-
flowered, shorter than the leaves ; bracteas oblong-linear, foli
aceous ; flowers almost regular ; berries globose, distinct
Tj . H. Native of the Pyrenees, on calcareous rocks, in ex
posed situations. Duham. arb. 2. t. 110. ed. 2. vol. 1. t. 15
Magn. hort. p. 209. with a figure. — Caprifolium Pyrenaicum
Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 366. — Xylosteum, Tourn. inst. 609. Corolla
white, twice the size of those of L. Xylosteum, funnel-shaped
limb 5-cleft, flat : with equal, ovate, obtuse segments.
Pyrenean Honeysuckle. Fl. May. Clt. 1739. Sh. 4 to 5 ft
34 L. PUNI'CEA (Sims, bot.
rnag. t. 2469.) erect ; leaves
ovate, subcordale at the base,.of
the same colour on both sur-
faces : peduncles axillary and
almost terminal, 2-flowered,
shorter than the leaves ; tube
of corolla rather gibbous at the
base ; segments of corolla nearly
equal, irregularly arranged, 3
one way and 2 another ; ber-
ries distinct ? Tj . H. Native
country unknown. Symphori-
carpospuniceus, Sweet. Flowers
deep red or crimson. Leaves
sometimes 3 in a whorl on the
young shoots.
Crimson-fioviered Honeysuckle.
Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
35 L. XYLOSTF.UM (Lin. spec.
FIG.80.
Fl. April, May. Clt. 1821
248.) erect, downy ; leaves
CAPRIFOLIACE.E. V. LONICERA.
449
ovate, acute, petiolate, soft ; peduncles 2-flowered, shorter than
the leaves ; bracteas hairy, double : the 2 outer ones lanceolate,
spreading : inner a small concave scale under each germ ; ber-
ries oval, distinct, 1 -celled, 6-seeded. Jj . H. Native nearly
throughout the whole of Europe, even to Caucasus, in thickets,
hedges, and rocky places, and by the sides of woods. In Britain
in like situations ; in the fissures of rocks under the Roman wall
near Shewing-Reels, or rather Sewen-Rele, in Northumberland,
plentiful ; and certainly wild, in a coppice called the Hacketts,
to the east of Houghton Bridge, 4 miles from Arundel, Sussex.
Smith, engl. bot. t. 916. fl. graec. t. 223. Oed. fl. dan. t. 808.
— Duh. arb. 1. p. 153. t. 59 — Riv. mon. irr. t. 120. — Mill. fig.
167. f. 1. Caprifolium dumetorum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 367.
Xylosteum dumetorum, Moench. meth. p. 502. Flowers small,
cream-coloured, downy. Calyx of 5 obtuse lobes. Berries
scarlet. A shrub of little beauty and no known utility, though
common in plantations. Stamens and styles villous. The wood
is extremely hard.
Far. ft, leucocarpa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 335.) berries white. —
Duh. arb. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 52.
Far. y, xanthocarpa (D. C. 1. c.) berries yellow. — Duham. 1. c.
Var. S, melanocarpa (D. C. 1. c.) berries black. — Bauh. pin.
451.
Bony-rvooded or Upright Fly Honeysuckle. Fl. July. Brit.
Sh. 4 to 5 ft.
>36 L. NIGRA (Lin. spec. 247.) erect ; leaves oval-oblong or
elliptic, on short petioles, rather villous while young, but nearly
glabrous in the adult state ; peduncles 2-flowered, elongated,
shorter than the leaves. ^ • H. Native of middle Europe,
in subalpine woods, as in France, Switzerland, Austria, Silesia,
Piedmont, &c. Jacq. aust. t. 314. Schmidt, arb. t. 110. Ca-
prifolium roseum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 368. Chamaecerasus nlgra,
Delarb. fl. auv. ed. 2. p. 130.— Gesn. fasc. 37. t. 8. f. 48.
Corolla reddish and pubescent on the outside, but whitish on the
inside. Bracteas 4 under the ovaries : the 2 outer ones lan-
ceolate : and the inner quadrifid. Berries black, globose, joined
together at the side.
Black-fruited Honeysuckle. Fl. March, May, Clt. 1597.
Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
37 L. HI'SPIDA (Pall, ex Willd. mss. Led. fl. ross. alt ill. t.
212.) branches hispid ; leaves ovate, ciliated, petiolate, glabrous
on both surfaces ; peduncles 2-flowered ; bracteas ovate-elliptic,
exceeding the berries. ^ . H. Native of Siberia, on the Altaian
mountains. Branches opposite, glabrous or bristly, brownish.
Leaves 2 inches or l£ inch long, and an inch broad, glabrous on
both surfaces, cordate at the base. Flowers greenish white, pen-
dulous. Berries distinct, purple.
Hispid Honeysuckle. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
38 L. FLEXUOSA (Thunb. in Lin. trans. 2. p. 330. but not
of Lodd. nor Ker.) erect, branched ; branches very villous at
the apex ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, on short petioles, glabrous ;
petioles villous ; nerves of leaves puberulous ; flowers axillary,
few, almost sessile ; berries globose, glabrous, fy . H. Native
of Japan, L. nigra, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 89. but not of Lin. L.
brachypoda, D. C. prod. 4. p. 335. Stems flexuous. Leaves
about an inch long : upper ones the smallest. Peduncles hardly
a line long. Berries distinct, ovate, acuminated, black.
Flexuous-stemmed Honeysuckle. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1806.
Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
§ 3. Cuphdnthce (from KV<J>OS, Tcuphos, a curve, and avOog,
anthos, a flower ; in reference to the flowers being gibbous on
one side at the base). D. C. prod. 4. p. 336. Berries either
distinct or joined together. Corollas very gibbous on one side
at the base. Erect bushy shrubs.
39 L. GIBBO'SA (Willd. mss. in Schultes, syst. 5. p. 257.)
VOL. III.
erect ; leaves on very short petioles, ovate-oblong, acuminated,
rounded at the base, pubescent beneath ; peduncles 2-flowered,
shorter than the leaves ; bracteas linear, shorter than the ovaria;
tube of corolla gibbous on the outer side at the base ; berries
almost globose, joined at the side. T? . F. Native of Mexico,
at Real del Monte, in woods. Xylosteum Mexic&num, H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 426. t. 297. Corolla scarlet;
with the limb oblique and bluntly 5-lobed.
Gibbous-Rowered Honeysuckle. Shrub 3 feet.
40 L. MOCINIA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 330.) erect ; leaves
petiolate, elliptic-oblong, acuminated, obtuse at the base, pu-
bescent beneath ; peduncles 2-flowered, shorter than the leaves ;
bracteas oblong, acuminated, longer than the ovaria ; tube of
corolla gibbous above at the base ; berries globose, joined toge-
ther a little on the inner side. 1? . H. Native of Mexico. L.
gibbosa, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Very nearly allied
to L. gibbosa, but differs in the corolla being yellowish : but when
decayed of a blood colour, permanent, and jagged, with the
bracteas spreading. Berries globose, dark purple.
Mocino's Honeysuckle. Shrub.
41 L. INVOLUCRA'TA (Banks, herb, ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 759.)
erect ; branches acutely tetragonal ; leaves ovate or oval, petio-
late, membranous, beset with adpressed hairs beneath ; pedun-
cles axillary, 2-3-flowered ; bracteas 4 : 2 outer ones ovate :
2 inner broad, obcordate, at length widening, clothed with glan-
dular pubescence ; corollas pubescent, gibbous at the base on
the outside ; style exserted. Jj . H. Native of North-west
America, between lat. 54° and 64° (but probably confined to
the vicinity of the Saskatchawan), thence to the Rocky Moun-
tains. Lindl. bot. reg. 1179. Xylosteum involucratum, Richards,
in Frankl. 1. journ. ed. 2. append, p. 6. Corolla yellowish,
tinged with red.
Involucrated Honeysuckle. Fl. May. Clt. 1824. Sh. 2 to 3 ft.
42 L. LEDEBOU'RII (Eschsch. mem. act. soc. petersb. 10.
p. 284. Hook, et Am. in Beech, voy. pt. p. 145.) erect;
branches elongated, acutely tetragonal ; leaves ovate or oblong,
somewhat acuminated, stiff1, pubescent, tomentose on the nerves ;
peduncles axillary, 2-3-flowered ; bracteas 4 : 2 outer ones
ovate : 2 inner broad-obcordate, pubescent, at length increasing
in size ; corollas gibbous at the base on the outside ; berries
distinct. I? . H. Native of California. Cham, et Schlecht.
in Linnsea, 4. p. 138. Very nearly allied to L. involucrata and
hardly to be distinguished from it. Flowers yellow, tinged
with red.
Ledebour's Honeysuckle. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
§ 4. Islkce (a name employed by Adanson for this tribe
of the genus Lonicera, and is probably without a meaning).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 336. Berries 2 on each peduncle, joined
together in one, which is biumbilicale at the apex. — Erect bushy
shrubs. — Islka, Adans, fam. 2. p. 501. — Isica, Mcench. met/i.
p. 504.
43 L. ALPI'GENA (Lin, spec. 248.) erect; leaves oval-lan-
ceolate or elliptic, acute, glabrous, or pubescent, on very short
petioles, rather ciliated ; peduncles 2-flowered, shorter than
the leaves ; corollas gibbous at the base. J? . H. Native of
middle and south Europe, in subalpine places of mountains.
Jacq. fl. aust. t. 274.— Duh. arb. ed. 2. vol. 1. t. 16.— Mill,
fig. t. 167. f. 2. Caprifolium alpinum, Lam. fl. fr. Capri-
folium Alpigenum, Gaertn. fr. 1. p. 136. Islka Alpigena,
Borck, Isica lucida, Mcench. Chamascerasus Alpigena, De-
larb.— Lob. icon. 173. Corolla greenish yellow, tinged with
red or purple. Berries red, size and appearance of those of a
cherry ; hence it is called Cherry woodbine by Jonstone. Leaves
large.
Far. (3, Sibirica (D. C. prod. 4. p. 336.) lower leaves rather
3 M
450
CAPRIFOLIACEJE. V. LONICERA.
cordate ; peduncles thickened a little under the flowers. Tj . H.
Native of Siberia. L. Sibirica, Vest, in Roem. et Schultes, syst.
5. p. 259.
Alpine Honeysuckle. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1596. Shrub
3 to 5 feet.
44 L. MICROPHY'LLA (Willd. rel. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 258.) leaves elliptic, acute at both ends, glaucous beneath ;
peduncles 2-flowered. Tj . H. Native of Eastern Siberia. Led.
fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 213. L. Alpigena, Sievers. The epidermis
falls from the branches. Leaves rather villous on both surfaces,
sometimes rounded at the base. Peduncles shorter than the
leaves. Corollas greenish, yellow. Berries joined, of a reddish
orange colour.
Small-leaved Honeysuckle. Clt. 1818. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
45 L. WEBBIA'NA (Wall. cat. no. 476. D. C. prod. 4. p.
336.) erect ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, obtuse at the
base, on very short petioles, pilose along the nerves, and ciliated
on the margins ; peduncles 2-flowered, 3 times shorter than
the leaves ; berries semi-concrete. Tj . H. Native of the East
Indies, in Sirinagur. Habit almost of L. Alpigena, but differs
in the leaves being pilose and ciliated, in the peduncles being
equal in length to the internodes, not longer than them, &c,
Corolla unknown.
Webb's Honeysuckle. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
46 L. GOVANIA'NA (Wall. cat. no. 481. D. C. prod. 4. p.
337.) erect ; leaves elliptic or lanceolate, acute at both ends,
membranous, glabrous ; peduncles 2-flowered, 3 times longer
than the petioles, but 4 times shorter than the leaves ; bracteas
linear, length of ovarium ; corollas gibbous at the base ; berries
joined. J? . H. Native of the East Indies, in Sirmore,
where it was collected by Mr. Govan. Allied to L. Alpigena,
but the leaves are much thinner, the petioles longer, the flowers
smaller and sometimes solitary by abortion.
Govan's Honeysuckle. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
47 L. ANGUSTIFO'LIA (Wall. cat. no. 480. D. C. prod. 4. p.
337.) erect; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous;
peduncles 2-flowered, a little shorter than the leaves ; bracteas
linear, twice the length of the ovaria ; berries joined together
completely ; corollas nearly equal, pubescent on the outside.
TJ . H. Native ofNipaul, in Kamaon, and of Sirmore. Branches
numerous, smooth. Leaves 15 lines long and 4 lines broad,
pale and glaucous beneath ; petioles 2-3 lines long. Corolla
pale, 4 lines long.
Narrow-leaved Honeysuckle. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
48 L. OBLONGIFO'LIA (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 284. t. 100.)
erect ; leaves oblong or oval, clothed with velvety pubescence
beneath ; peduncles elongated, erect ; bracteas obsolete ; tube
of corolla hairy, gibbous at the base on one side ; limb unequal,
deeply bilabiate : the upper lip 4-toothed, and the lower one
nearly entire ; berries joined in one, which is biumbilicate at the
top, bluish black in the dried state. Tj . H. Native of North
America, in the island of Montreal, in the St. Lawrence ; about
Montreal, Lake Winnipeg, and of the western parts of the state
of New York. Xylosteum oblongifolium, Goldie, in edinb.
phil. journ. 6. p. 323. Corolla hairy, yellow? Berries bluish
black, size of a pea.
Oblong-leaved Honeysuckle. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823.
Shrub 4 feet.
49 L. C^ERU'LEA (Lin. spec. 249.) erect; leaves oval-oblong,
ciliated, stiffish, densely clothed with pubescence while young ;
peduncles short, 2-flowered, reflexed in the fructiferous state ;
bracteas 2, subulate, longer than the ovaria ; tube of corolla
glabrous, short, gibbous on one side at the base : lobes of limb
short, nearly equal ; berries closely joined in one which is bi-
umbilicate at the apex. Tj . H. Native of Europe, in France,
Switzerland, and Austria, &c. on the mountains. Throughout
the woody country of British North America, and as far as lat. 66°
to the mountains in the west, Labrador and Newfoundland, Hud-
son's Bay ; in the states of New York, Massachusets, New Hamp-
shire; and of Siberia, and Kamtschatka. Jacq. fl. aust. 5. append,
t. 17. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1965. L. villosa, Muhl. cat. p. 22.
Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. 1. p. 115. Xylosteon
vil!6sum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 106. Richards, in Frankl.
1st journ. ed. 2. append, p. 6. X. Solonis, Eaton, man. bot.
p. 518. L. velutina, D. C. prod. 4. p. 337. L. Altaica, Pall,
fl. ross. t. 37. Xylosteum caeruleum Canadense, Lam. diet. 1.
p. 731. X. Canadense, Duham. arb. 2. p. 373. Caprifolium
caeruleum, Lam. fl. fr. Chamaecerasus cserulea, Delarb. fl. auv.
L. Pyrenaica, Pall. fl. ross. p. 58. L. Pallasii, Led. fl. ross.
alt. ill. t. 131. Flowers greenish yellow, tubular. Berries ellip-
tic or globose, dark blue, and covered with a kind of bloom.
Bark of young branches purplish. There is no difference between
the American and European plants of this species.
Blue-berried Honeysuckle. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1629.
Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
50 L. ORIENTA'LIS (I/am. diet. 1. p. 731. ) erect; leaves on
very short petioles, ovate-lanceolate, acute, quite entire, smooth-
ish ; peduncles 2-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; bracteas 2,
setaceous ; berries joined in one, somewhat didymous and bium-
bilicate at the apex, 10-seeded. Pj . H. Native of Iberia and
Asia Minor, in woods. Bieb. fl. taur. et suppl. no. 396. L.
Caucasica, Pall. fl. ross. 1. p. 57. L. caerulea, Giild. itin. 1.
p. 423. ex Pall. Chamaecerasus orientalis laurifolio, Tourn.
cor. p. 42. Berries black (Lam. Bieb.), dark blue (Pall.). Leaves
stiffish, veiny, larger than in L. ccerulea. Flowers greenish
yellow. This is perhaps nothing more than L, caerulea.
Oriental Honeysuckle. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1825. Shrub
3 to 5 feet.
51 L. IBE'RICA (Bieb. fl. taur. and suppl. 395.) erect; leaves
petiolate, cordate, roundish, tomentose or pubescent ; peduncles
2-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; bracteas oblong, ciliated ;
berries joined together to the middle, globose, tj . H. Native of
Iberia, about Tiflis and at the Derwent. Stev. mem. soc. mosc.
3. p. 257. Xylosteon Ibericum, Bieb. cent. pi. rar. 1. t. 13. ex
suppl. Corollas lurid, form of those of L. Alpigena, Ovarium
tomentose. Berries blood-coloured. Leaves like those of
Cotonedster vulgdris.
Iberian Honeysuckle. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1824. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
f Species not sufficiently known.
52 L. QUINQUELOCULA'RIS (Hardw. asiat. res. 6. p. 351. ex
fl. ind. 2. p. 174.) shrub bushy ; leaves petiolate, elliptic, acute,
quite entire ; peduncles short, 2-flowered ; berries 5-celled.
Tj . H. Native of the East Indies, in valleys about Shreenagur.
Very like L. ligustrlna, Wall, but differs in the 5-celled fruit,
and is therefore probably a species of Leycesteria.
• Five-celled-frmted Honeysuckle. Shrub.
53 L. CORYMBO'SA (Lin. spec. p. 249.) leaves ovate, acftte ;
corymbs terminal, fy . F. Native of Chili, near Conception,
where it is called Ytiu. Itiu. Feuill. obs. 2. p. 760. t. 45. Lo-
ranthus Utiii, Molina, sagg. chil. p. 139. ex Schultes, syst. 7.
p. 161. Frcelichia violacea, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 406. but the
plant does not belong to Rubiacece, according to Bertero, in
mere. chil. 1829. may. p. 611. nor Loranthacece, in consequence
of the fruit being many-seeded. But from the flowers being
4-cleft, it is probably a genus of the present order. Leaves an
inch broad, fine green. Corolla blood-coloured ; and calyx 4-
cleft to the middle. Stamens 4. Style yellow. Fruit form
and colour of an olive ; with sweetish flesh.
Corymbose-Rov/ered Honeysuckle. Shrub 12 feet.
54 L. QUADRIFO'LIA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 986.) stem unknown;
CAPRIFOLIACE^E. VI. LEYCESTEEIA. VII. SYMPHORICARPOS.
451
leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, bluntish ; pedun-
cles twin, 2-flowered, length of leaves; bracteas 2, linear;
berries distinct. I? . H. Native country unknown. Corollas
like those of L. Xylosteum, but having the tube narrower.
Four-leaved Honeysuckle. Shrub.
Cult. All the species of honeysuckle are truly ornamental,
particularly the climbing and twining species, which are well
adapted for training on trellis work or arbours, or against walls.
The greenhouse twining kinds have a fine appearance, trained
on the rafters. The upright hardy species are well fitted for
decorating shrubberies. They all grow well in any common
garden soil, and are easily increased by cuttings taken off in
autumn, and planted in a sheltered situation : those of the ten-
derer kinds under a hand-glass.
VI. LEYCESTE'RIA (named by Dr. Wallich after his friend
William Leycester, formerly Chief Judge of the principal native
court under the Bengal Presidency, who during a long series
of years and in various distant parts of Hindoostan, has pursued
every branch of horticulture with a munificence and zeal and
success, which abundantly entitle him to that distinction). Wall,
in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 181. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 21. t. 120.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube and an unequally S-parted, permanent limb ; segments
unequal, small, linear, glandularly ciliated. Corolla funnel-
shaped, having the tube gibbous above the base, and the limb
campanulate, and divided into 5 ovate, nearly equal lobes. Sta-
mens 5 ; filaments exserted. Stigma capitate. Berry roundish,
crowned by the calyx, 5-celled ; cells many-seeded. Seeds
smooth, shining, ovate. Albumen fleshy. Embryo minute,
terete, centripetal. — A beautiful large rambling shrub, with
elongated fistular branches, which rise from scaly buds. Leaves
opposite, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, petiolate, smooth, entire,
membranous, glaucous, with an obtuse, subcordate base ; pe-
tioles pilose. Flowers white, with a tinge of purple, middle-
sized and sessile, in fascicles, disposed in approximate whorls of
fives and sixes, the whole forming short leafy drooping racemes,
which terminate the branches and branchlets. Bracteas large,
foliaceous, purplish, pubescent, and ciliated, lanceolate, acumin-
ated, surrounding the rachis with their concave bases ; there are
generally 6 under each whorl of flowers, of which the 2 outer
ones are 2 or 3 inches long, rounded, and generally connate
at the base : the inner ones much smaller ; those at the base of
the racemes considerably larger than the rest. Berries deep
purple, approaching to black, as large as a common-sized goose-
berry ; pulp very soft; cells 8-10-seeded. — This genus appears
to be intermediate between the present order and RuViaceae, but
from the last it is distinguished in the want of stipulas.
1 L. FORMOSA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 182.). J? . H.
Native on the highest mountains, surrounding the valley of
Nipaul ; and of the much more northerly situations towards
Gosaingsthan. It is also found at an elevation of seldom less
than 8000 feet above the plains, among the pine and oak forests
of Bishupur, as at Huttoo and Desoo in the Thakooraee of
Kioonthul, blossoming from June to August, and called by the
natives Nulkuroo. Hamelia connata, Puerari, mss. Dr. Govan
remarks, with great propriety, that this is a most beautiful shrub
when in blossom, from the contrast of the deep green hue
of its stem and leaves with the purple colour of the large brac-
teas and the berries.
Showy Leycesteria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. Sh. rambl.
Cult. This elegant shrub grows best in a light soil ; and it
is easily increased by cuttings planted in autumn or spring, or
by seeds which ripen in abundance. It is well fitted for decorat-
ing the front of shrubberies ; but being rather tender, should be
protected in winter by a mat, or the haulm of herbaceous plants.
FIG. 81.
VII. SYMPHORICA'RPOS (from av^opcu,, symphoreo, to
accumulate, and Kapiros , karpos, a fruit ; the shrubs bear clusters
of united fruit). Dill. elth. p. 371. Juss. gen. 211. Mcench,
meth. 502. D. C. prod. 4. p. 338.. — Symphoricarpa, Neck,
elem. p. 220. — Symph6ria, Pers. ench. 1. p. 214. — Anisanthus,
Willd. rel. — Lonicera species Linnaeus.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Tube of calyx globose
(f. 81. c.); limb small, 4-5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped (f.
81. e.), almost equally 4-5-lobed. Stamens 5, hardly exserted.
Stigma semi-globose. Ovarium adnate, 4-celled ; fertile cells
containing only one ovulum each ; and the sterile ones few
ovula. Berry 4-celled, crowned by the calyx (f. 81. c.), having
2 of the cells empty, and the other 2 containing one seed each.
— Erect elegant bushy oppositely branched shrubs. Leaves
oval, quite entire. Peduncles short, axillary, one or many
flowered. Flowers bibracteate, small, white or rose-coloured,
on short pedicels.
1 S. VULGAVRIS (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 100.) flowers dis-
posed in axillary capitate clusters, composed of nearly sessile
racemules. Tj . H. Native of Virginia, Carolina, and Pennsyl-
vania, in sandy dry fields. Lonicera symphoricarpos, Lin. spec.
249. S. parviflora, Desf. cat. Symphoria conglomerata, Pers.
ench. 1. p. 214. Symphoria glomerata, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1.
p. 162.— Schmidt, arb. t. 115. — Dill. elth. t. 278. f. 360.—
Hort. ang. 85. t. 20. Corolla white. Berries red, size of
hemp seed ; but according to Pursh the flowers are small, red,
and yellow ; and the berries purple. Branches brown, smooth.
Leaves elliptic, ovate, obtuse, glaucous, and pubescent beneath.
The berries are cup-shaped, and ripen in winter.
Common St. Peter's-wort. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1730. Shrub
3 to 6 feet.
2 S. RACEMOSUS (Mich. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 107.) flowers dis-
posed in nearly terminal loose
interrupted racemes, which are
often leafy ; corolla densely
bearded inside ; style and sta-
mens inclosed. Jj . H. Native
of North America ; on mountains
near Lake Mistassins ; on the
banks of the Missouri ; of Up-
per Canada; abundant about
the Saskatchawan ; on the banks
of the Columbia, and at Puget's
Sound, and Nootka Sound,
north-west coast. Symphoria ra-
cemosa, Pursh, fl. amer. sept,
l.p. 162. Sims, bot. mag. 2211.
Lodd. bot. cab. t. 230. S. leucocarpa, Hort. Leaves glaucous
beneath. Corolla rose-coloured. Berries large, white. This
is a fine shrub, very common in our gardens, easily known by
its large white berries, and small red flowers. The S. elongata
and S. heterophylla, Presl, in herb. Haenke, which were collected
about Nootka Sound, do not differ from this species, in which
the lower leaves are sometimes deeply sinuated.
Racemose-fiowered St. Peter's-wort or Snow-berry. Fl. July,
Sept. Clt. 1817. Shrub 4 to 8 feet.
3 S. OCCIDENTALS (Richards, in Frankl. 1st journ. ed. 2.
append, p. 6.) spikes dense, terminal, and axillary, drooping ;
corolla and segments densely bearded inside ; style and stamens
a little exserted. Jj . H. Native of British North America, in
the woody country, between lat. 54° and 64°, and known under
the name of wolf-berry ; abundant about the Saskatchawan and
Red River ; and about Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia.
According to Dr. Richardson this species comes very near S.
tacembsus, but is distinguished by the larger, less glaucous,
3 M 2
452
CAPRIFOLIACE^E. VII. SYMPHORICARPOS. VIII. ABELIA. IX. LINN£A. X. AIDIA.
more rigid, and denser foliage, and by the flowers being arranged
in dense drooping spikes, larger than in S. racemosus, and by
the prominent style and stamens.
Western St. Peter's-wort. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. .
4 S. MICROPHY'LLUS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
424.) flowers axillary, solitary ; leaves roundish-ovate, bluntish,
pubescent. T? . F. Native of Mexico, in the temperate parts
near Moran, at the altitude of 4000 feet. Symphoria micro-
phylla, Willd. in Schultes, syst. 1. p. 757. Anisanthus micro-
phyllus, Willd. in Schultes, syst. 5. p. 223. Corolla white.
Small-leaved St. Peter's-wort. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
5 S. GLAUCE'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 424. t. 295.)
flowers axillary, solitary ; leaves elliptic, acute, somewhat mu-
cronate, smoothish. fj . F. Native of Mexico, on the moun-
tains near Santa Rosa, at the elevation of 4000 feet. Symphoria
montana, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 757. Leaves glaucescent beneath.
Glaucescent St. Peter's-wort. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
Cult. Symphoricdrpos is a genus of very beautiful and deli-
cate shrubs, well adapted for shrubberies or borders. They grow
in any common garden soil ; and are easily increased by cuttings,
which should be planted either in autumn or spring.
VIII. ABE'LIA (named by Mr. Brown after Clarke Abel,
M. D. physician to the embassy to China under Lord Amherst ;
he collected and brought home many interesting plants). R. Br.
car. and descript. pi. Abel, 1818. in 4to. p. 5. with a figure.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 339.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an oblong
tube, and a 2 or 5-parted foliaceous limb : the segments oblong.
Corolla tubular, funnel-shaped, 5-lobed : lobes ovate, nearly
equal. Stamens 4, didynamous or nearly equal. Stigma capitate.
Ovarium 3-celled ; 2 of the cells contain many ovula, but all be-
come abortive, and the third contains only one ovulum, which
comes to perfection. Pericarp 1 -seeded, indehiscent, crowned
by the foliaceous limb of the calyx. — Decumbent or weak gla-
brous shrubs. Leaves petiolate, dentately crenated. Peduncles
axillary, trichotomous or trifid, or terminal and undivided. In-
volticrum 2 or many flowered, composed of 6 or more leaves.
1 A. CHINE'NSIS (R. Br. 1. c.) involucrum 2-flowered ; pe-
duncles trichotomous ; stamens exserted. fj . G. Native of
China, in the province of Kiang-si at the Lake Po-Yang, where it
was collected by Dr. Clarke Abel. Tube of corolla 5-nerved :
4 of the nerves approximate, and the fifth remote. Ovarium
having one nerve on one side, and 4 on the other. Leaves ovate,
finely pubescent.
China Abelia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet ?
2 A. TRIFLORA (R. Br. in Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 1. p. 14. t. 15.)
flowers by threes, forming terminal corymbs : lateral flowers
furnished with 3 bracteas : middle one sessile, naked ; calyx 5-
parted : the segments foliaceous, linear, and ciliated ; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, quite entire, ciliated with hyaline
hairs. fj . G. Native of the East Indies, on the highest moun-
tains of Northern and Western Kamaon towards the Himalaya,
where it is called Kumki. Flowers pale red, delightfully fra-
grant.
Threc-flomered Abelia. Tree small.
3 A. UNIFLORA (R. Br. in Wall. pi. asiat. rar. p. 15.) pedun-
cles 1 -flowered, tribracteate. Jj . G. Native of China.
One-flowered Abelia. Shrub.
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will be a good soil
for the species of Abelia ; and they may be easily increased by
cuttings planted in any light soil, with a hand-glass placed over
them.
IX. LINNyE'A (this little northern plant, long overlooked,
depressed, abject, flowering early, Linnaeus selected to transmit
FIG. 82.
his own name to posterity). Gron. in Lin. gen. no. 774. Juss.
gen. 211. D. C. prod. 4. p. 340. — Obolaria, Sieg. prim. p. 79.
— Campanula spec. C. Bauh. Tourn. &c.
LIN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx double, superior
one of one leaf; in 5 deep, erect, lanceolate, acute, equal seg-
ments (f. 82. 6.). Corolla bell-shaped (f. 82. rf.) ; tube cylin-
drical, gradually dilated upwards, about twice the length of the
superior calyx ; limb divided into 5 deep, nearly equal, slightly
spreading segments (f. 82. d.}. Stamens 4, inclosed, didynamous
(f. 82. f.) , the 2 uppermost ones the shortest. Ovarium globu-
lar, of 3 cells. Style cylindrical, gently swelling upwards, declin-
ing longer than the corolla (f. 82. e.) ; stigma obtuse. Berry dry,
ovate-oblong, of 1-cell, membranous, closely invested with the
inferior calyx, and crowned with the superior one. Seed soli-
tary, filling the cavity. — A trailing, somewhat shrubby plant, of
an elegant aspect, and rendered most interesting to a botanist on
account of the name given, with the concurrence of Linnaeus, by
his friend Dr. J. F. Gronovius.
1 L. BOREA'LIS (Lin. spec.
880.) Tj . H. Native of Lapland,
Sweden, Norway, Russia, Ger-
many, Switzerland, Savoy, Si-
beria, &c., in dry, stony, shady,
mossy, fir woods, on the moun-
tains. In Scotland the plant was
first found in an old fir wood at
Inglismaldie, on the borders of
Mearnshire in 1 795 ; it has
since been found in several simi-
lar situations in the highlands of
Scotland. In North America in
several parts, as in the states of
New England, New Hampshire,
Vermont, but more particularly
in Canada throughout the woody
country from Lake Huron to the Arctic circle ; and from
Newfoundland and Labrador on the east to the Columbia, Una-
laschka, and Kotzebue's Sound on the west. Lin. fl. suec. p. 219.
t. 1. fl. lapp. ed. 2. p. 214. t. 12. f. 4. Smith, engl. hot. t. 433.
Wahl. fl. lapp. 170. t. 9. f. 3. Oed. fl. dan. t. 3.— A trailing, sub-
shrubby, creeping, and evergreen plant, forming broad leafy
patches ; the young shoots hairy and leafy. Leaves roundish or
ovate, firm, crenate in the fore part, slightly hairy, and of a full
green above, paler beneath. Peduncles axillary, about a finger
in length, bearing each 2 elegant, pendulous, flesh-coloured
flowers at the apex, which are said to be very fragrant at night.
A pair of very small leaves stand at the origin of the partial
flower-stalks, or pedicels, and there is often a larger pair or
two at the lower part of each peduncle. Corolla variegated in-
ternally with rose colour and yellow. The American plants are
generally stronger than the European ones.
Northern Linnaea. Fl. May, June. Scotland. PI. trailing.
Cult. This elegant little trailing evergreen shrub will not
grow in cultivation unless in a peat border, where it will thrive
and flower freely ; and most so if the border is in a shady situa-
tion. It is sometimes grown in large pots or pans, filled with
peat earth, and grows luxuriantly. It is easily increased by
separating the creeping stems when rooted.
f Genera allied to Caprifoliacece, but are not sufficiently
known.
X. ATDI A (from aicioe, aidios, perpetual ; in reference to the
durability of the wood of this tree). Lour. coch. p. 143. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 340.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx adnate
CAPRIFOLIACE^E. XI. VALENTIANA. XII. KARPAION. RUBIACE.&.
453
to the ovarium ; limb S-toothed, erect. Corolla superior, salver-
shaped, with a woolly throat and a 5-parted limb : the seg-
ments lanceolate. Anthers 5, linear, inserted in the recesses
between the segments of the corolla. Style equal in length to
the stamens ; stigma ovate-oblong. Berry ovate, umbilicate,
1 -seeded.— A large tree, with very durable wood and spreading
branches. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, quite entire, glabrous.
Racemes axillary, short, loose. Flowers white. ,
1 A. COCHINCHINE'NSIS (Lour. 1. c.) I;.G. Native of Cochin-
china. The wood of this tree is white and heavy, composed of
thick fibres ; and is used for the purpose of forming the founda-
tion of bridges, being imperishable either by being under water
or under ground.
Cochinchina Aidia. Tree large.
Cult. Any common soil will suit this tree ; and cuttings will
be easily rooted if planted under a hand-glass.
XI. VALENTIA'NA (meaning unknown to us). Rafin.
speech. 1. p. 87. D. C. prod. 4. p. 340.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx adnate
to the ovarium ; limb 8-cleft. Corolla tubular : with a 5-cleft
nearly equal limb. Stamens 4, epipetalous, nearly equal. Style
filiform : stigma 2-lobed. Fruit 2-celled ? — A twining shrub.
Leaves opposite, petiolate, somewhat sagittate, a little serrated,
acute. Flowers axillary, solitary, bibracteate ; bracteas cordate,
winged on the outside. — This genus is said by Rafinesque to be
allied to Linncea, but the plant is wholly unknown to other
botanists.
1 V. VOLU'BIIJS (Rafin. 1. c.) fj . ^. G. Native of Abys-
sinia.
Twining Valentiana. Shrub tw.
Cult. See Aidia, p. 452. for culture and propagation. The
plant is well fitted for training up the rafter in a green-house.
XII. K ARPATON (meaning unknown to us). Rafin. fl. lud.
p. 78. D. C. prod. 4. p. 340.
LIN. SYST. Diandria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx adhering to
the ovarium ; limb 4-toothed. Corolla tubular, 4-cleft, bila-
biate. Stamens 2 ; anthers 2-lobed : lobes remote. Style un-
der the upper lip of the corolla ; stigma simple. Capsule
crowned by the calyx, 1-celled? 4-seeded. Stem herbaceous?
angular ; branches fastigiate. Leaves opposite, sessile, oblong,
hastate, unequally toothed at the base, acuminated, glabrous.
Flowers small, sessile, disposed in whorls. According to the
author it is allied to Diervilla, but the genus is entirely unknown
to any other author.
1 K. HASTA'TUM (Rafin. 1. c.) }/ . H. Native of Louisiana.
Anonyma, Rob. voy. p. 457.
Hastate-leaved Karpaton. PL?
Cult. This plant will grow best in a border of peat earth,
and may probably be increased by dividing at the root.
ORDER CXXX. RUBIA'CE^ (this order contains plants
agreeing with Ilubia in important characters). Juss. gen. p.
196. D. C. ann. mus. 9. p. 216. prod. 4. p. 341. prop. med. ed.
2. p. 168. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 365. Cham, et Schlecht. in
3. p. 220. and 310. and vol. 4. p. 1. 30. and 179.— Aparines,
Adans. fam. 2. p. 140. — Stellatas and Contortse genera of Lin.
Tube of calyx adhering to the ovarium (f. 94. e. f. 97. g.) ;
limb variable, truncate (f. 93. a.), or of many lobes, usually re-
gular ; the sepals or lobes equal in number to the petals (f. 84.
c.), very rarely intermixed with accessory teeth. Corolla
gamopetalous, inserted in the upper part of the tube of the
calyx, usually with a 4-5 lobed limb (f. 93. 6. f. 84. c.), rarely with
a 3 or 9-parted limb (f. 101. 6.) ; the tube either short (f. 84. 6.)
or long (f. 92. c.) ; the lobes or segments twisted or valvate in
aestivation. Stamens equal in number to the segments of the
corolla, alternating with them, and more or less adnate to its
tube (f. 83. g. {. 91. &.). Anthers oval, 2-celled (f. 111. c.),
bursting inwardly. Ovarium situated within the calyx, and ad-
hering to it (f. 94. e. f. 103. g.f.), usually 2 (f. 94. c.) or many
celled (f. 103. g.), rarely 1-celled by abortion : always crowned
by a fleshy urceolus, or the limb of the calyx (f. 103. _/".). Style
one, rising from the urceolus (f. 83. rf.) ; stigmas usually 2,
distinct (f. 105. c.), or more or less combined (f. 83. e.), rarely
more than 2. Fruit baccate (f. 107. /«.), capsular (f. 95. A.), or
drupaceous (f.103. g.), 2 (f. 94. c.) or many celled (f. 103. g.) ; cells
1 -2 or many seeded. The seeds, where they are solitary in the cells,
are sometimes fixed by the apex, but usually by the base ; but
where they are numerous in the cells, they are fixed to a central
placenta, and are usually horizontal. Albumen large, horny or
fleshy. Embryo straight, or a little curved, inclosed in the middle
of the albumen ; with a terete radicle turned towards the
hilum ; and foliaceous cotyledons. — Trees, shrubs, and herbs,
with terete'or tetragonal branches. Leaves simple, girded by a
marginal nerve, and therefore quite entire, opposite or verticil-
late, always bistipulate. Stipulas variable in cohesion and form,
interpetiolar or intrafoliaceous. Flowers arranged in various
ways, but usually in panicles or corymbs, rarely unisexual by
abortion.
This well marked order is nearly allied to Composites, from
which its distinct stamens, bilocular, and plurilocular ovarium
and inflorescence, distinguish it, and consequently it participates
in all the relation of that extensive order. From Apocynece in
the aestivation of the corolla, the presence of stipulas, and the
inferior ovarium distinguish it, yet, according to Mr. R. Brown,
there exists a genus in equinoxial Africa which has the inter-
petiolar stipulas and seeds of Rubiacece and the superior ova-
rium of Apocynece, thus connecting these two orders, Congo, p.
448. There is a striking affinity between Rubiacece and Capri-
foliacece in the monopetalous tubular corolla, definite stamens,
inferior ovarium, and opposite leaves, which is confirmed by the
corolla of the latter being occasionally regular or irregular.
The tribe Operculariece, referred to this order by Mr. R. Brown
(Congo, p. 447.) and others (A. Rich. elem. ed. 4. p. 483.), is
remarkable for having but 1-seed, and the number of sta-
mens unequal to the lobes of the corolla, and therefore occupies
an intermediate station between the Rubiacece and Dipsacece.
The tribe Stellatce is distinguished from the rest of the order in
the stipulas being as large as the leaves, and of the same form
and consistence, having from 1-3 between each leaf on both sides,
forming with them a kind of star or whorl, from which circum-
stance the name stellate is applied. The leaves in this tribe can
only be distinguished from the stipulas by the axillary buds.
Powerful febrifugal or emetic qualities are the grand features
of this order, the most efficient products of which in these two
respects are Quinquina and Ipecacuanha. The febrifugal pro-
perties depend upon the presence of a bitter tonic astringent
454
RUBIACE^E.
principle, which exists in great abundance in the bark ; those of
Cinchona are known to depend upon the presence of two alkalies,
called cinchonine and quinine, both of which are combined with
kinic acid ; two principles which, though very analogous, are
distinctly different, standing in the same relation to each other
as potass and soda. Turner, p. 648. Dr. Sertiirner has ob-
tained some other vegato-alkalies from Cinchona, one of which
he calls chinioidia. Brande, journ. 1 2. p. 4 1 7. new series. The
existence of this is denied by M. M. Neury and Delondre,
ibid, July, 1830, p. 442. A detailed account of the qualities,
synonymes, and commercial names of the species of Cinchona
is given in Mr. Lambert's work on the genus Cinchona, 4to.
London, 1821. In the same work is the translation of Baron
Humboldt's account of the Cinchona forests of South America.
Three species of Cinchona, the C.ferrugmea, C. Velldsii, and
C. Remijitina, are found in Brazil, where they are used for the
same purposes as the Peruvian bark, to which, however, they
are altogether inferior. St. Hil. pi. usuel. bras. no. 2. The
French Guiana bark possesses properties analogous to those of
Cinchona, and is obtained from Portlandia hexdndra the Coutarea
specibsa, Aublet. Humb. cinch, forest, p. 43. The Quinquina
Pitou and Quinquina des Antilles are produced by species of
the genus Exostemma, and are remarkable for possessing proper-
ties similar to those of the true Quinquina, but without any trace
of either cinchonine or quinine. St. Hil. pi. usuel. bras. no. 3.
A kind of fever-bark is obtained at Sierra Leone from Rondeletia
febrifuga. Besides, there are a great number of other species
possess barks more or less valuable. Pinckneya pubens is
the fever-bark of Carolina ; Condaminea corymbbsa, Isertia
coccinea, Antirhofa, and Morinda Rbyoc, are all of the same
description. A lightish brown, bitter, and powerfully astrin-
gent extract, called Gambier, is obtained at Malacca by boiling
the leaves of Nauclea Gdmbir ; it is sometimes substituted for
gum-kino, Ainslie, 2. p. 106. A decoction of the leaves, as
well as the root, of Cdnthium parviflorum, is prescribed in India
in certain kinds of flux, and the last is supposed to have anthel-
mintic properties, though neither has much sensible taste or
smell. The bark and young shoots are also used in dysentery.
Ainslie, 2. p. 63. Among the emetics, Ipecacuanha holds the
first rank ; it is the root of Cephaflis Ipecacuanha, a little creep-
ing-rooted half-herbaceous plant, found in damp shady forests of
Brazil. Similar properties are found in the roots of other JRu-
biaceous plants of the same country, as in Richardsbnia rbsea
and R. scabra, Borreria ferruginea and B. Poaya, &c. A
peculiar alkaline principle, called evnetia, is found in Ipeca-
cuanha, which contains 16 per cent, of it. Turner, p. 653. The
Raiz Preta, which is celebrated for its power in curing dropsy,
and in destroying the dangerous consequences of bites of ser-
pents, is said to be related to Ipecacuanha. Edinb. phil. journ.
1. p. 218. Several species of Psychotria, as P. emelica, &c. and
Geophila reniformis, are substitutes for Ipecacuanha. The spurious
barks called Quinquina Pitou, are capable of exciting vomiting.
The powdered fruit of Randia dumetbrum, is a powerful emetic.
An infusion of the bark of the root is administered to nauseate
in bowel complaints. Ainslie, 2. p. 186. According to Roxburg,
the root bruised and thrown into ponds where there are fish, in-
toxicates them, as Cocculus 1'ndicus. Ainslie, 2. p. 186. Psy-
cholria Noxa and Palicourea Marcgravii, both called Erva do
'rata, are accounted poisonous in Brazil ; but nothing very cer-
tain seems to be known of their properties. Edinb. phil. journ.
14. p. 267. The root of Morinda umbellata in the Moluccas,
and that of M. citrifblia in India, is used for dyeing red and
brown ; and the bark of M. Rbyoc for ink. The leaves of
Oldenlandia umbellata are considered by the native doctors of
India as expectorant ; and the root is employed in India for
staining nankeens. Ainslie, 2. p. 101. Coffee is the roasted seeds
of a plant of this order, Coffea Ardbica, and is supposed to owe
its characters to a peculiar chemical principle called coffein.
Turner, p. 699. The part roasted is the albumen, which is of a
hard horny consistence ; and it is probable that the seeds of most
of the plants of the present order, whose albumen is of the same
texture, would serve as a substitute. This would not be the
case with those with fleshy albumen. The fruit of some Gar-
denias Genipa and of Vanqueria, the Voa Vanga of Madagascar,
and Sarcocephalus esculentus, are succulent and eatable. The root
of Rubia tinctbria, the madder, is one of the most important
dyes with which we are acquainted ; a quality in which the roots
of many other plants belonging to the tribe Stellatce participate
in a greater or less degree. The roots of Rubia Munjisla yield
the madder of Bengal. Ainslie, 1 . p. 203. The torrefied grains
of Galium are said to be a good substitute for coffee. The
flowers of Galium verum are used to curdle milk. An infusion
of Asperula cyndnchica has a little astringency, and has been
used as a gargle. Asperula odorata, or Woodruff, is remarkable
for its fragrance when dried ; it passes for a diuretic. Rubia
Noxa is said to be poisonous.
Opposite leaves, with intervening stipulas, a monopetalous
corolla., with a definite number of stamens, are the great charac-
teristics of Rubiacece ; an order of such extent, that it embraces
a very large proportion of the whole phenogamous plants, in-
cluding within its limits humble weeds and lofty trees. Among
them the plants of beauty or value are innumerable ; of the for-
mer description the genera Ixbra, Bouvardia, Catesbee'a, Port-
Mndia,Cardenia, Hamelia,Cephce'Hs, Augustea, and many others,
are notable examples.
Synopsis of the genera.
A. Cells of fruit many-seeded,
TRIBE I.
CINCHONA* CE.K. Fruit capsular, 2- celled ; cells many seeded.
Seeds winged. — Trees or shrubs. Stipulas interpetiolar.
SUBTRIBE I. NAUCLE'E*. Flowers capitate, sessile, upon a
globose receptacle (f. 83. e. f. 84. &.).
1 NAU'CLEA. Tube of calyx oblong ; limb truncate or 5-
toothed (f. 83. &.), with linear lobes. Corolla funnel-shaped (f.
83. c.), with a slender tube and naked throat. Stigma tumid,
undivided (f. 83, d.~). Capsules sessile, not attenuated at the base.
2 UNCA'RIA. All as in Nauclea, but differs in the flowers
being scattered on the receptacle. Calyx urceolately 5-cleft.
Capsules pedicellate, clavate, attenuated at the base.
RUBIACE.E.
455
3 ADI'NA. Tube of calyx oblong ; limb campanulate, 5-part-
ed (f. 84. a.), permanent. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-lobed (f.
(f. 84. b. c.), with a naked throat and valvate lobes. Anthers
almost sessile (f. 84. e.), inclosed. Stigma capitate (f. 84. 6.).
Capsules membranous, 4-valved (f. 84. g.), pyramidal. Seeds
2-4 in each cell.
4 BREO'NIA. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Corolla with a terete
tube, and a flat, 5-lobed, spreading limb. Stamens inserted in
the throat, half-exserted. Style very long: stigma bipartite.
Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 7-8-ovulate : ovula fixed to membra-
nous placentas, and hanging from the axis.
5 LECANA'NTHUS. Limb of calyx campanulate, coloured, ir-
regularly divided. Corolla with a short tube, and a 5-lobed
limb. Anthers large, inserted in the tube. Style bifid ; stigmas
linear. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells many seeded. Placentas semi-
cylindrical.
SUBTRIBE II. CINCHO'NE*. Flowers more or less pedicellate,
never seated on a globose receptacle.
6 STEVE'NSIA. Calyx girded by a 4-lobed involucel ; limb
bipartite, deciduous. Corolla salver-shaped, with a short tube,
and a bluntly 6-7-parted limb. Anthers 6-7, sessile in the
throat. Capsule globose, areolate at the apex. Seeds a little
winged, pubescent at the top.
7 COUTA'REA. Limb of calyx 6-parted. Corolla funnel-
shaped, with a short tube, and a bluntly 6-lobed limb. Stamens
inserted in the bottom of the throat ; anthers linear, exserted.
Capsule obovate, compressed ; valves bifid at the apex. Wings
of seeds membranous.
8 HI'LLIA. Calyx girded by a 4-leaved involucel ; limb 2-4-
parted, permanent. Corolla with a long tube (f. 85. 6.), and a
4-6-parted limb (f. 85. &.). Stamens 4-6, inclosed, sessile be-
neath the throat (f. 85. c.). Capsule elongated, crowned. Seed
ending in a pencil-formed tail (f. 85. e.~).
9 HYMENOPOGON. Limb of calyx 5-parted, permanent. Co-
rolla salver-shaped, with a very long tube, and a 5-parted limb.
Stamens 5, inclosed, inserted in the top of the tube, which is in-
flated. Capsule oblong, clavate, 10-nerved, crowned. Seeds
appendiculated at both ends.
10 CINCHO'NA. Calyx 5-toothed (f. 86. a.). Corolla with a
terete tube, and a 5-parted limb (f. 86. b.), which is valvate in
aestivation. Anthers linear, inserted in the middle of the tube
(f. 86. a.), a little exserted. Capsules dehiscing at the valves,
crowned. Seeds girded by a membranous lacerated wing.
11 COSMIBUE'NA. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla with a long
tube, and a 5-lobed limb, which is valvate in aestivation. Anthers
oblong, exserted. Stigma bipartite. Capsule somewhat 4-valved,
dehiscing from the apex. Seeds girded by a lacerated wing.
12 LASIONE'MA. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla tubular, with a
5-lobed limb, which is imbricate in aestivation. Stamens ex-
serted ; filaments bearded in the middle. Anthers roundish,
peltate. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule 2-celled, dehiscing in the
middle of the cells, many-seeded. Seeds small, sameroid.
13 LUCITLIA. Calyx 5-toothed (f. 87. c.), deciduous : lobes
15
foliaceous. Corolla with a longish tube, and a 5-lobed expanded
limb, which is imbricate in aestivation. Stamens almost inclosed
(f. 87. a.) ; anthers linear. Stigma 2-parted (f. 87. b.). Cap-
sule dehiscing at the dissepiment from the apex. Wings of
seed jagged.
14 HTMENODY'CTION. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla tubular, with
a 5-cleft limb, which is valvate in aestivation. Stamens exserted ;
anthers peltate. Capsule not crowned, dehiscing at the dissepi-
ment. Wing of seeds bifid at the base.
15 EXOSTE'MMA. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla with a terete tube,
and a 5-parted limb, which is plicate in aestivation. Anthers
linear, exserted. Capsules crowned, dehiscing at the cells. Seeds
girded by a membranous entire border.
16 DANA'IS. Flowers dioecious from abortion. Limb of
calyx 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a slender tube, a
villous throat, and a spreading 5-parted limb. Stamens exserted
in the male flowers, and in the female inclosed and abortive.
Style bifid at the apex. Capsule globose. Seed girded by a
membranous border.
17 MANE'TTIA. Limb of calyx 4-5-lobed (f. 88. d.). Corolla
funnel-shaped (f. 88. 6.), with a terete tube, a hairy throat, and
a 4 (f. 88. 6.) -5-lobed limb. Anthers sessile in the throat.
Capsule ovate, compressed (f. 88. d.~), crowned. Seeds pel-
tate, girded by a usually toothed border.
18 BOUVA'RDIA. Limb of calyx 4-parted(f. 89. a. 6.). Co-
rolla funnel-shaped, tubular (f. 89. e.~), with a 4-parted (f. 89. a.)
spreading short limb. Stamens adnate at the base to the tube, but
free above the middle. Anthers linear, inclosed. Capsule mem-
branous, globose, compressed. Seeds girded (f. 89. a.) by a
membranous border.
19 PINCKNE'YA. Calyx 5-parted ; the fifth lobe expanded into
a coloured leaf. Corolla with a cylindrical tube, and a 5-cleft
limb, which is valvate in aestivation. Stamens inserted at the
base of the tube, exserted ; anthers peltate. Capsule compres-
sed, 2-celled, dehiscing at the dissepiment. Seeds surrounded
by a wing, which is emarginate at the base.
20 CAIYCOPHY'I.LUM. Limb of calyx truncate or bluntly
toothed ; one of the teeth expanded into a membranous stalked
coloured leaf. Corolla campanulate or funnel-shaped ; limb 5-
parted. Stamens rising from the throat ; anthers oval, ex-
serted. Style ending in 2 reflexed stigmas. Capsule oblong.
Seed fixed to the linear placentas, girded by a narrow wing.
TRIBE II.
GARDENIA'CE*. Fruit indehiscenl (f. 94. &.), fleshy, usually
2-celled, rarely l-celled by abortion. Seeds not winged. Albu-
men fleshy* — Trees or shrubs, with opposite leaves, and interpetio-
lar stipulas.
SUBTRIBE I. SARCOCEPHA'LE^E. Flowers sessile, collected into
a head (f. 90. a. i.) upon the receptacle. The fruit combined to-
gether into one (f. 90. b. c.).
21 SARCOCE'PHALUS. The calyxes are closely joined to-
gether into a globose fleshy head (f. 90. 6.) ; limb of calyx with
a very short margin. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-cleft. Anthers
456
RUBIACEJ:.
sessile in the throat. Stigma undivided. Berries many seeded.
Seed small, somewhat reniform.
22 ZUCCARI'NIA. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla tubu-
lar : limb 5-lobed, erect. Anthers 5, linear, inclosed, adnate
between the lobes of the corolla. Stigma bifid. Berries oval,
stipitate, crowned by the calyx. Seed compressed, 2 rows in
each cell.
23 LUCIN.E'A. Flowers combined into a dense head. Margin
of calyx entire. Corolla funnel-shaped, 4-parted, densely vil-
lous inside. Stamens shorter than the corolla ; anthers linear.
Stigma bifid. Berries joined together, many seeded. Seeds
angular.
24 CANE'PHORA. Limb of calyx 5-6 toothed. Corolla with
a somewhat campanulate tube, and a 5-6-lobed limb. Anthers
5-6, oblong, almost sessile, inclosed. Stigma bifid. Fruit bac-
cate ? 2-celled, many seeded. Ovula imbricate, inserted in
spongy axillary placentas ; but according to Rich the fruit is pea-
shaped, 2-seeded, and crowned by the calyx.
•
SUBTRIBE II. GARDENIE'JE. Flowers distinct, not joined to-
gether into a head.
25 BURCHE'LLIA. Limb of calyx drawn out beyond the ova-
rium, 5-cleft (f. 91. a.) beyond the middle. Corolla clavately
funnel-shaped (f. 91. i.) ; throat naked : lobes imbricated, and
twisted in aestivation. Filaments adnate to the tube(f. 91. 6.)atthe
base ; anthers inclosed. Stigma bearing 5 convex crests on the
outside, and tufts of hairs. Berry crowned by the calyx, turbi-
nately globose. Placentas adnate to the dissepiment. Seeds
angular. Flowers capitate.
26 AMAIOV/A. Limb of calyx 6-toothed. Corolla salver-
shaped, with a terete tube, which is longer than the calyx, and a
6-parted spreading limb. Anthers 6, inclosed, linear. Stigma
davate. Berry obovate-oblong, 2-3-celled. Seeds disposed in
2 rows in each cell, nearly orbicular, separated by the horizon-
tal dissepiments.
27 MDSSJE'NDA. Limb of calyx 5-parted, deciduous, one of
the outer lobes usually drawn out into a large petiolate coloured
leaf. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a 5-parted limb and a villous
throat. Anthers 5, sessile, linear. Stigma bifid. Fruit ovoid,
fleshy, indehiscent, many seeded. Seeds scabrous. Placentas
rising from the middle of the dissepiment, pedunculate, bifid at
the apex. Flowers corymbose.
28 KUTCHUB^A. Limb of calyx truncate. Corolla with a
cylindrical tube, much longer than the calyx, a villous throat,
and an 8-parted limb : lobes twisted in aestivation. Anthers 8,
oblong-acute, almost sessile among the villi in the throat.
Stigma clavate, hairy on the outside. Flowers subcorymbose.
29 CASSU'PA. Limb of calyx short, entire. Corolla tubular,
rugged on the outside, with a villous throat, and a 6-parted limb.
Anthers 6, oblong, nearly sessile, inserted among the hairs in the
throat. Stigma bifid. Berry globose, crowned, many seeded.
Placentas fixed to the middle of the dissepiment.
30 GYNOPA'CHYS. Limb of calyx urceolate, entire, decidu-
ous. Corolla with a short tube, a 5-parted spreading limb,
and a bristly throat. Stamens 5, inserted in the mouth of the
tube ; anthers linear, exserted. Berry globose, umbonate,
many seeded. Placentas stipitate, rather fleshy. Seeds com-
pressed.
31 TOCOYE'NA. Limb of calyx very short, 5-toothed. Corolla
with a very long tube, a naked dilated throat, and a spreading
5-parted limb. Anthers linear-sagittate, rising from the throat,
exserted. Style fusiform at the apex. Berry rather fleshy,
crowned. Seeds numerous, imbedded in soft pulp.
32 POSOQUE'RIA. Limb of calyx short, 5-toothed. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a very long terete tube, a villous hardly
dilated throat, and a 5-parted spreading limb. Stamens 5, rising
from the throat, free, a little exserted. Style filiform, bifid at
the apex. Berry ovate, crowned, succulent, many seeded.
33 OXYA'NTHUS. Limb of calyx acutely 5-toothed (f. 92. a.).
Corolla with a very long slender tube (f. 92. c.), a glabrous
throat, and a regular 5-parted limb (f. 92. d.~). Stamens 5, ex-
serted (f. 92. /.), free at the throat; anthers acute. Style
clavate at the apex (f. 92. e.~). Fruit baccate.
34 STYLOCORY'NA. Limb of calyx 5-toothed Corolla sal-
ver-shaped or funnel-shaped, with a cylindrical tube, and a
5-parted limb. Stamens 5, inserted in the mouth of the
corolla ; anthers linear, very long. Stigma clavate (f. 92. g.).
Berry globose, crowned by the calyx, almost dry. Placentas
spongy, adnate to the middle of the dissepiment on both sides.
Seeds angular.
35 GE'NIPA. Limb of calyx truncate or subdentate. Corolla
salver-shaped, the tube not exceeding the calyx, and the limb
large and 5-parted. Anthers linear, exserted, sessile in the
throat. Stigma clavate. Berry corticate, somewhat 4-celled,
attenuated at both ends, crowned by the tubular calyx. Seeds
many, horizontal, imbedded in pulp.
36 GARDE'NIA. Limb of calyx truncate or toothed (f. 93. a.\
Corolla funnel or salver-shaped (f. 93. 6.), having the tube
much longer than the calyx ; limb twisted in aestivation (f. 93.
e.), 5-9-parted, spreading. Anthers 5-9, linear, nearly sessile in
the throat. Stigma clavate, bifid. Berry fleshy, crowned by
the calyx, incompletely 2-5-celled. Seeds minute, immersed in
the fleshy parietal placentas.
37 RA'NDIA. Limb of calyx 5-lobed. Corolla salver-shaped
with a short tube, and a 5-parted limb. Anthers inclosed, ses-
sile, within the throat. Stigmas 2. Berry nearly dry, crownec
by the calyx, many seeded. Seeds fixed to the central placenta,
imbedded in the pulp.
38 CHAPELIEVRIA. Limb of calyx 5-parted, permanent. Co
rolla with a slender tube, a 5-parted limb, and a villous throat
Stamens 5, nearly sessile, inclosed, inserted in the middle of the
tube. Stigma bipartite. Fruit ovoid, rather fleshy, crowned by
the erect, large, spreading limb of the calyx, many seeded
Seeds angular, and clothed with adpressed golden silky down.
39 HEINSIA. Limb of calyx 5-parted, permanent. Corolla
salver-shaped : tube terete, longer than the calycine lobes, ver;
hairy in the upper part inside : limb 5-lobed : lobes undulated
Anthers 5, linear, sessile towards the top of the tube. Stigma
RUBIACEjE.
457
2, linear. Fruit globose, crowned, dry, hard. Placentas 2,
thick, adnate to the dissepiment. Seed nestling on the super-
fices of the placentas.
40 MENESibaiA. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Corolla with a
long terete tube, an almost naked throat, and a 5-lobed limb.
Anthers 5, oblong, sessile within the tube. Stigma bifid, in-
closed. Fruit baccate, nearly dry, not crowned. Placentas
adnate to the dissepiment, many seeded.
41 HELO'SPORA. Limb of calyx campanulate, 4-toothed.
Corolla with a longish tube, a naked throat, and a 4-lobed
spreading limb. Anthers 4, linear, inclosed. Style 4-cleft at
the apex. Berry crowned, tetragonal, not divided into cells, but
having the seeds immersed in the pulp, and disposed crosswise
in a double series.
42 HIPPO'TIS. Limb of calyx sheath-formed, cleft on one side,
and drawn out into a mucronate auricle on the other. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with the tube a little incurved, and the limb blunt
and 5-lobed. Stamens inserted in the middle of the tube ; an-
thers ovate, inclosed. Ovarium girded by a 5-crenate urceolus.
Stigma of 2 adpressed lobes. Berry ovate, crowned. Seeds
numerous, minute.
43 POMA'TIUM. Limb of calyx bluntly 5-toothed : the teeth
deciduous. Corolla small, with a terete tube and a 5-parted
limb. Anthers ovate, sessile in the throat, inclosed. Stigma
bifid. Berry nearly dry, globose, subdidymous, crowned by the
remains of the calyx, many seeded. Placentas rather tumid.
Seed angular.
44 BERTIE' RA. Limb of calyx short, 5-toothed, permanent.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a terete tube and a 5-parted spread-
ing limb. Anthers 5, sessile within the throat. Stigma bifid.
Berry nearly dry, crowned, roundish, many seeded. Seeds
fixed to the central placentas, angular, muricated.
45 POUCHE'TIA. Limb of calyx small, 5-toothed. Corolla
with a short obconical tube and a 5-lobed limb, which is twisted
in aestivation. Anthers 5, linear, sessile in the tube. Stigmas
2, exserted a little. Berry dry, obovate, crowned. Seeds 4-6
in each cell, deformed, clothed with silky down.
46 CI/PIA. Limb of calyx 5-parted, permanent. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a terete tube, which is a little longer than
the calyx, and gradually widening to the throat ; and a 5-parted
recurved limb. Filaments very short ; anthers oblong. Style
2-lobed at the apex, or 10-angled. Berry globose, crowned.
Placentas spongy, central, few-seeded at maturity. Seed angular,
wrinkled at the hilum.
47 TARE'NNA. Limb of calyx 5-parted, permanent, reflexed.
Corolla unknown. Berry globose, 8-striped, crowned. Placentas
central, spongy. Seed 4-6 in each cell, horizontal, semilunate,
rugged.
48 PETE'SIA. Limb of calyx short, 4-5-toothed. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a 4-5-cleft equal limb. Stamens 4-5 within
the tube. Berry nearly globose, naked at the apex, many seeded.
Seeds rather angular.
49 COCCOCY'FSELUM. Limb of calyx 4-parted (f. 94. d. a.),
permanent. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a 4-parted limb and a
glabrous throat. Stamens 4 (f. 94. &.), inserted in the tube ;
VOL. III.
anthers oblon™, heart-shaped, inclosed. Stigma bifid. Berry
ovate, crowned (f. 94. d.), many seeded. Seeds angular. —
Creeping herbs.
50 FERNE'LIA. Limb of calyx 4-cleft. Corolla small, with
a short tube and a 4-lobed spreading limb. Stamens 4, inserted
in the tube, almost inclosed. Stigma bifid. Berry crowned,
having the dissepiment incomplete. Seeds numerous, rather
compressed.
51 PETU'NGA. Limb of calyx 4-toothed, permanent. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a short obconical tube, a 4-parted limb, and
a villous throat. Stamens 4, a little exserted. Style villous ;
stigma bidentate. Berry globose, umbilicate. Seeds 2-4 in
each cell, fixed to the upper part of the dissepiment, ex Roxb. ;
but according to Blume scale-formed, and imbricated down-
wards.
52 HIGGI'NSIA. Limb of calyx 4-toothed, permanent. Corolla
funnel-shaped, somewhat campanulate, with a short tube, a 4-
parted spreading limb, and a naked throat. Stamens inserted
in the middle of the tube ; anthers ovate, inclosed. Stigmas 2,
exserted. Berry oblong, somewhat tetragonal, crowned, many
seeded. Placentas adnate to the dissepiment.
53 HOFFMA'NNIA. Limb of calyx 4-toothed: tube tetra-
gonal. Corolla salver-shaped, with a very short tube and a 4-
parted limb. Anthers 4, linear, acute, sessile on the upper part
of the tube, conniving. Stigma obtuse, hardly emarginate. Cap-
sule baccate, indehiscent, crowned. Placentas ovate, distinct in
each cell. Seeds minute, numerous.
54 CATESBJEA. Limb of calyx 4-toothed or 4-parted. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped, with a very long tube, which is gradually
dilated to the throat ; and a 4-lobed limb. Stamens 4, inserted
in the bottom of the corolla ; anthers linear, exserted. Stigma
bidentate. Berry globose or oblong, crowned. Placentas
spongy, fixed to the top of the dissepiment. Seeds numerous,
scale-formed, collected into two fascicles in each cell.
TRIBE III.
HEDYOTI'DE/E. Fruit capsular (f. 95. k.\ Z-celled, dehiscing
at the cells ; and rather membranous and indehiscent ; cells many-
seeded. Seeds not winged. — Shrubs or herbs, with opposite leaves.
Stipulas interpetiolar.
SUBTRIBE I. RONDELETIE'^E. Stipulas twin on both sides,
combined or distinct, but neither sheathed nor divided into many
bristles. — Trees or shrubs.
55 CONDAMI'NEA. Calyx campanulate (f. 95. a.), 5 crenate
or 5-toothed ; limb deciduous. Corolla funnel-shaped (f. 95.6.),
with a somewhat curved tube, which is a little longer than the
calyx, a dilated throat, and a 5-parted limb (f. 95. 6.). Stamens
inserted above the middle of the tube (f. 95. e.}, or near the throat ;
anthers oblong-linear, bifid at the base (f. 95. /.), length of
corolla. Stigma 2-lobed (f. 95. e.~). Capsule turbinate, truncate,
opening in the middle of the cells (f. 95. A.). Seeds wedge-
shaped (f. 95. ;.).
56 ALSE'IS. Limb of calyx superior, 5-parted. Corolla cup-
SN
458
RUBIACE,E.
shaped, with a 5-lobed limb and a bearded throat. Stamens 5,
free to the base of the corolla, exsef ted. Stigma divided. Ova-
rium 2-celled, many ovulate.
57 MACROCNE'MUM. Limb of calyx minute, 5-toothed, per-
manent. Corolla tubular, with a widened throat and a 5-lobed
limb ; tube pentagonal at first. Stamens 5, free from the co-
rolla, except at the very base, hairy above the middle ; anthers
oblong, inclosed. Stigma obtuse, 2-lobed. Capsule 2-valved ;
valves dehiscing at the sides. Seeds acute, imbricated.
58 CHIMA'RRHIS. Limb of calyx almost wanting, entire.
Corolla with a short tube and a 5-cleft spreading limb : lobes
hairy in the middle outside. Stamens 5, inserted at the top of
the tube, hairy at the base ; anthers oval. Capsule obovate or
turbinate, crowned ; valves semibifid. Seeds many.
59 AUGU'STEA. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-
shaped, much longer than the limb of the calyx ; tube widened
at the apex, a little incurved ; limb 5-parted, spreading. An-
thers 5, sessile in the sinuses of the corolla, and shorter than its
lobes. Style hairy at the base ; stigma bifid. Capsule oblong,
separable from the calyx, and naked at maturity, but crowned.
Seeds many, tetragonal.
60 PORTLA'NDIA. Limb of calyx 5-parted ; tube 5-nerved.
Corolla large, funnel-shaped, with a short tube, a wide throat,
and a bluntly 5-lobed limb. Stamens 5, inserted in the bottom
of the throat ; anthers long, a little exserted. Stigma undivid-
ed. Capsule obovate, crowned, and retuse at the apex; valves
dehiscing at the apex. Placentas coriaceous, central. Seeds
scabrous.
61 BIKKIA. Calyx with an 8-ribbed tube, and a 4-parted
limb. Corolla clavate, tetragonal, with a 4-cleft limb. Anthers
4, linear, not exceeding the limb. Capsule ovate, at length
separating from the calyx, 2-celled or nearly 4-celled ; valves
bifid at the apex. Placentas narrow. Seeds small, crested on
the margins.
62 ISIDO'REA. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Corolla tubular,
pentagonal, with a naked throat, and a 5-cleft limb. Stamens
inserted in the very base of the corolla, and equal in length to it,
monadelphous and hairy at the base ; anthers oblong, obtuse.
Stigma bilamellate. Capsule nearly globose, pentagonal, truncate
at the apex, crowned. Coccula dehiscent, many seeded. Seeds
angular, furnished with a cup-formed membrane at the base.
63 SPALLANZA'NIA. Limb of calyx 5-parted, permanent,
longer than the tube of the corolla. Corolla with a slender tube,
a naked throat, and a 5-lobed limb. Stamens 5, free from the
throat, exserted ; anthers oblong. Stigmas 2, slender. Capsule
ovate-globose, ribbed, crowned ; valves semibifid. Placentas
adnate to the dissepiment. Seeds tubercular.
64 RONDELE'TIA. Limb of calyx 4-5-parted; permanent.
Corolla with a cylindrical tube and a 4-5-lobed spreading limb.
Anthers 4-5, sessile on the top of the tube, inclosed. Stigma
bifid. Capsule globose, crowned ; valves cleft in the middle.
Placentas central. Seed angular, few in the cells at maturity.
65 WENDLA'NDIA. Limb of calyx very short, permanent,
4-5-toothed. Corolla with a terete tube, which is longer than
the calyx, and a 4-5-lobed spreading limb. Stamens 4-5, ris-
1
ing from the top of the tube ; anthers oblong, exserted. Stigma
bifid. Capsule ovate-globose, crowned ; dehiscing at the cells
at top, many seeded.
66 XANTHOPHY'TUM. Limb of calyx 4- 5-cleft. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a short tube, a villous throat, and a 4-5-
cleft spreading limb. Stamens 4-5, exserted, inserted in the
throat, conniyent. Style perforating the disk of the ovarium.
Stigma 2-lobed, gaping. Drupe didymous, crowned, divided
into 2 many seeded cells. Placentas prominent, fixed by the
middle on both sides. Seeds angular, minute.
67 CARPHA'LEA. Limb of calyx 4-parted, permanent. Co-
rolla with a long filiform tube, a ventricose hairy throat, and a
4-parted limb. Anthers oblong, almost sessile, inclosed. Stigma
bifid. Capsule crowned, dehiscing at the cells ; valves semi-
septiferous ; cells many seeded.
68 SIPA'NEA. Limb of calyx 5-parted, permanent. Corolla
with a long terete tube, a bearded throat, and a 5-parted limb.
Anthers 5, sessile, inclosed. Stigma bifid. Capsule subglobose,
crowned, dehiscing at the cells. Placentas central, fleshy.
Seeds numerous, minutely tubercular. Annual herbs.
69 VIRE'CTA. Limb of calyx divided into 5 setaceous lobes.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with an obconical tube, a naked throat,
and having the limb divided into 5 linear-oblong ciliated lobes.
Stamens 5, much exserted ; anthers linear, oscillatory, bifid at
the base. Stigma undivided. Capsule globose, dehiscing at
the cells, at first crowned. Seeds numerous, 4-5-sided, a little
muricated. Hairy half herbaceous plants.
70 OPHIORHI'ZA. Limb of calyx 5-cleft, permanent. Corolla
tubular, funnel-shaped, 3 times longer than the limb of the
calyx, hairy inside : with a 5-lobed limb. Stamens 5, inclosed.
Style girded by an urceolus at the base. Stigma 2-lobed. Cap-
sule compressed, 2-lobed, crowned, dehiscing by a transverse
chink at the apex. Placentas exserted from the dissepiment.
Seeds numerous, hexagonal.- — Herbs.
71 ARSOSTE'MMA. Limb of calyx 3-4-5-toothed. Corolla
rotate, spreading, 3-5, rarely 3-4-parted. Stamens alternating
with the lobes of the corolla. Anthers large, exserted, cohering
at the apex. Style perforating the fleshy disk ; stigma globose.
Capsule crowned, dehiscing radiately at the apex. Placentas
convex, adnate to the dissepiment. Seeds numerous, angular. —
Herbs.
72 SFIRADI'CUS. Lirnb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla with
a short tube and a 5-parted spreading limb. Stamens 5, in-
closed. Style girded by 4 glands. Stigma 2-lobed, gaping.
Capsule oblong, crowned ; valves bipartite. Seeds numerous,
angular. An herb.
73 TU'IA. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla with an ob-
long tube, and a 5-cleft toothed curled limb. Anthers inclosed.
Capsule many seeded. — A procumbent herb.
74 DENTE'LLA. Limb of calyx 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-
shaped, 5-cleft, with a hairy throat ; lobes furnished with one
tooth on each side. Anthers 5, inclosed, nearly sessile. Stigmas
2. Capsule or berry dry, almost indehiscent, nearly globose,
crowned. Placentas fleshy, prominent on both sides within the
cells. Seeds small, ovate. — Creeping herbs.
RUBIACE^E.
459
75 DE'PPEA. Teeth of calyx 4, short, triangular. Corolla
rotate, glabrous. Anthers 4, linear, exserted. Style exserted.
Capsule membranous, ellipsoid, crowned, 2-celled, and dehis-
cing at the cells ; cells 1 -seeded. — A shrub. Stipulas triangular,
deciduous. Flowers cymose.
SUBTRIBE II. HEDYO'TE^E. Stipulas formed into a sheath on
each side, adnate to the petioles, and ending in many bristles at
the apex. — Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants.
76 HEDYO'TIS. Limb of calyx 4-toothed, permanent. Co-
rolla tubular, with a bearded throat, and a 4-cleft limb. Sta-
mens exserted a little ; anthers ovate-roundish, small. Cap-
sule ovate, crowned, dehiscing at the cells. Seed numerous,
minute, angular.
77 OLDENLA'NDIA. Limb of calyx 4-toothed, permanent.
Corolla with a short tube, a 4-cleft limb, and a villous or gla-
brous throat. Stamens a little exserted ; anthers ovate or orbi-
cular. Stigma undivided or bifid. Capsule nearly globose,
crowned, dehiscing at the vertex by a loculocudal chink. Seeds
numerous, small, half immersed in a globose placentas.
78 GONOTHE'CA. Limb of calyx short, truncate, somewhat
4-toothed. Corolla having the tube inflated at the base, the
throat villous, and the lobes keeled. Stamens inclosed. Stigmas
2, obtuse, sessile. Capsule compressed, furnished with a double
wing on each side, which also runs down along the pedicel,
crowned, dehiscing between the stigmas. Seeds numerous,
small, serobiculate.
79 KOHAU^TIA. Limb of calyx 4-toothed. Corolla with a
long terete tube, and a 4-lobed limb : lobes cuspidate. Anthers
sessile within the tube, inclosed. Style bifid at the apex. Cap-
sule globose, crowned, dehiscing at the cells. Seeds numerous,
small, half immersed in pits on the globose pedicellate placentas.
80 KA'DUA. Limb of calyx 4-cleft or 4-toothed. Corolla
salver-shaped, with a long tube and a 4-cleft limb. Anthers
linear or oblong, nearly sessile within the throat. Style bifid at
the apex. Capsule globose, crowned, dehiscing at the apex at
the cells. Seeds numerous, small, angular, inserted on fungous
placentas, which are fixed to the middle dissepiment.
81 ANO'TIS. Limb of calyx 4-toothed (f. 96. a.), permanent.
Corolla salver-shaped (f. 96. 6.), with a 4-lobed limb, and an
almost glabrous throat. Anthers inclosed or exserted (f. 96. c.).
Stigma somewhat 2-lobed (f. 96. e.~). Capsule ovate, crowned,
dehiscing at the cells at the apex. Seeds 4-8 in each cell, rather
angular.
82 RACHICA'LLIS. Limb of calyx 4-lobed, furnished with 1-3
teeth between each of the lobes. Corolla with a long terete
tube, a short spreading 4-lobed limb, and a beardless throat.
Anthers at the throat inclosed. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule sub-
didymous, dehiscing at the cells, crowned. Seeds angular, 8-20
in each cell.
83 LU'CYA. Limb of calyx divided into 4 bifid teeth, perma-
nent. Corolla with a very short tube and a 4-lobed limb. Stamens
shorter than the corolla. Style short, bifid. Capsule globose,
didymous, dehiscing at the cells and near the dissepiment ;
hence it is somewhat 8-valved at the top. Seed 2 in each cell,
ex Spreng., 5-6, ex Rich.
84 ? POLYPRE'MUM. Limb of calyx 4-parted. Corolla with
a very short tube, a bearded throat, and a 4-lobed limb. Sta-
mens 4, inclosed. Style undivided. Capsule ovate, compressed,
dehiscing at the cells. Placentas oblong, adnate to the bottom
of the dissepiment. Seeds numerous, very minute, angular.
TRIBE IV.
ISERTIE\E. Fruit drupaceous (f. 97. g.), composed of from 2
to 6 many seeded pyrence or coccula (f. 97- f.)- Albumen fleshy.
— Shrubs or herbs. Leaves opposite. Stipulas interpetiolar.
85 META'BOLOS. Limb of calyx 4, rarely 5-cleft. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a 4, rarely 5-parted limb. Stamens 4-5,
inserted in the throat of the corolla. Stigma bifid or quad-
rifid. Berry dry, crowned, divisible into 2-4 coccula. Seeds
angular, fixed to the prominent placentas. — Suffrutescent herbs.
86 GONZA'LEA. Limb of calyx 4-lobed. Corolla funnel-
shaped or salver-shaped, villous outside ; with a long cylindri-
cal tube, and a hairy or downy throat. Stamens 4, inclosed.
Stigmas usually 4, adpressed to each other. Berry of 3-4
pyrenae. Seeds angular, dotted, minute.
87 ISE'RTIA. Limb of calyx 4-6-toothed (f. 97. a.). Corolla
with a long tube (f. 97. 6.), 6-lobed at the apex (f. 97. c.),
woolly inside, having the recesses between the lobes drawn out
into crests. Stamens 6, inclosed (f. 97. </.). Stigmas stellate.
Berry globose (f. 97. g.), crowned (f. 97. /«.), composed of 6 tri-
quetrous pyrenae (f. 97./.).
TRIBE V.
HAMELIE^. Fruit baccate, many celled (f. 98. f. h.~) ; cells
many seeded. Albumen fie shy. — Shrubs or trees, with opposite
or verticillate leaves, and interpetiolar Stipulas.
88 TEPE'SIA. Limb of calyx 5-toothed : teeth unequal. Co-
rolla unknown. Berry oblong, crowned, 4-celled. Seeds nume-
rous, imbedded in the pulp.
89 EVO'SMIA. Limb of calyx very short, 4-toothed (f. 98. a.).
Corolla subrotate (f. 98. e.), 4-cleft. Stamens 4, inserted in the
throat (f. 98. 6.) ; anthers ovate, inclosed, or nearly so. Stigma
thick or 4-lobed. Fruit crowned (f. 98. g.), 4-celled (f. 98. h.}
90 SABI'CEA. Limb of calyx 4-5-parted. Corolla salver-
shaped, with a long slender tube, a 4-5-parted limb, and a hairy
throat. Stamens 4-5, inclosed, or nearly so. Style 4-5-lobed at
the apex. Berry globose, crowned, 4-5-celled.
91 OLO'STYLA. Limb of calyx very short, 5-toothed. Co-
rolla subrotate, with a short tube, which is pilose inside, and 4
reflexed lobes. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat ; anthers
linear, exserted. Style undivided. Berry crowned, 4-celled.
92 AXA'NTHES. Flowers usually dioecious. Calyx with a
quite entire border. Corolla rotate, with a short cylindrical
tube, having 5 fascicles of hairs in the throat ; lobes spreading.
Stamens 5, inserted in the throat, hardly exserted. Stigma 5-
lobed. Berry globose, crowned, 5-celled. Placentas fleshy.
3 N 2
460
93 UROPHY'LLUM. Limb of calyx 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-
shaped, with a bearded throat and a 5-parted limb. Stamens 5,
shorter than the limb ; anthers linear. Stigma 5-lobed ? Ova-
rium crowned by a glandular disk. Berry globose, 5-celled.
94 HAME'LIA. Limb of calyx 5-lobed (f. 99. a.). Corolla
with a somewhat pentagonal tube, and a small 5-lobed hardly
spreading limb (f. 99. c.). Stamens 5, inserted in the tube
(f. 99. 6.) ; anthers oblong-linear (f. 99./.), inclosed. Stigma
pentagonal (f. 99. e.). Berry oval, 5-celled (f. 99. d.).
95 ALIBE'RTIA. Flowers unisexual. Calyx tubular, 5-tooth-
ed. Corolla tubular, with a 5-parted spreading limb. Stamens
5, nearly sessile, inserted in the tube ; anthers linear, inclosed.
Style undivided in the male flowers, but crowned by a 5-lobed
stigma in the female flowers. Berry globose, depressed, crowned,
5-celled. Seeds wrapped in thin pulp.
96 SCHRADE'RA. Limb of calyx truncate or subdenticulated.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a terete tube, a dilated pilose throat,
and a 5-8-lobed spreading limb, each lobe usually furnished
on the inside with a retrograde callous tooth. Anthers 5-8,
linear, nearly sessile, inserted in the throat, hardly exserted.
Stigma bifid or quadrifid. Berry pea-formed, 3-4-sided, crowned,
2-4-celled. Seeds imbedded in the pulp.
97 BRIGNO'LIA. Limb of calyx 4-toothed; teeth unequal.
Corolla with a short tube, and a 6-lobed limb, which is very
hairy inside as well as the throat. Stamens 6, inserted in the
tube ; anthers linear. Stigma capitate, undivided. Fruit glo-
bose, fleshy, crowned.
98 P ATI' MA. Limb of calyx tubular, with a sinuated, very
short, 5-toothed border. Corolla tubular, 5-parted, densely
clothed with silky down inside. Stamens 5, inserted in the
tube ; anthers oblong-cordate, inclosed. Style undivided. Berry
roundish, crowned, 4-6, but usually 5-celled. Seeds fixed to
a fleshy, 2-lobed placenta.
99 POLYPHRA'GMON. Limb of calyx entire or 5-toothed.
Corolla salver-shaped, bristly, with a terete tube, and a 10-
parted limb. Stamens 10, inserted in the middle of the tube;
anthers linear, inclosed. Stigmas numerous. Berry globose,
10-20-celled, with 1 series of seeds in each cell.
100 MORE'LIA. Limb of calyx erect, nearly entire. Corolla
short, tubular, with a 5-parted limb, which is imbricate in aes-
tivation. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat, exserted ; anthers
linear. Style fusiform towards the apex ; stigma bifid. Fruit
fleshy, 4-5-celled : cells 2-3-seeded.
B. Cells of fruit usually l-seeded, rarely Z-seeded.
TRIBE VI.
CORDIE'RE*:. Fruit baccate, of many cells; cells 1-seeded.
Differs from the neighbouring tribes in the cells being 1-seeded.
Shrubs milh opposite leaves, and broad interpetiolar stipulas.
101 TRICALY'SIA. Flowers hermaphrodite.
102 CORDIE'RA. Flowers unisexual.
TRIBE VII.
GUETTAUDACE.E. Fruit drupaceous (f. 101. d. f. 103. /)
composed of 2-5 1-seeded pyrenee or nuts (f. 1 03. g.). Seeds terete,
elongated, usually erect. Albumen fleshy. — Shrubs or small trees.
Leaves usually opposite, rarely 3 in a whorl, with interpetiolar
stipulas.
SUBTRIBE I. MoRi'NDEvE. Flowers andfruit congregated, or
joined together into a head.
103 MORI'NDA. Character the same as that of the subtribe.
SUBTRIBE II. GUETTA'RDE«. Flowers distinct, not concrete.
104 MYRMECO'DIA. Limb of calyx tubular: with an entire
border. Corolla funnel-shaped, 4-cleft, the throat closed from
arched scales or hairs. Stigma simple (Jack.), or quadrifid
(Blum.). Drupe baccate, composed of 4 triquetrous pyrenae.
105 HYDNOPHY'TUM. Limb of calyx entire. Corolla with a
short tube, hairy inside, and a flat, 4-lobed limb. Stamens 4,
inserted in the throat. Stigma 2-lobed. Drupe succulent, con-
taining 2-pyrenae.
106 HYPOBA'THRUM. Limb of calyx 4-toothed. Corolla
small, subcampanulate, with a villous throat, and a 4-cleft spread-
ing limb. Stamens 4, inserted in the mouth of the tube.
Stigma bifid. Drupe crowned, 2-celled ; cells containing 2
pyrenae.
107 NERTE'RA. Limb of calyx small, 4-toothed. Corolla
funnel-shaped, sub-campanulate, 4-lobed (f. 100. 6.) glabrous
inside. Stamens rising from the bottom of the corolla (f. 100.
c.), adnate to the tube ; anthers roundish, hardly exserted.
Stigmas 2 (f. 100 d.\ hairy. Berry roundish, umbilicate, con-
taining 2. 4 pyrenas. Herbs creeping.
108 MITCHE'LLA. Limb of calyx large, 4-toothed. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a terete tube : having the throat as well as
the lobes hairy inside. Stamens adhering to the tube almost
to the throat ; anthers ovate, hardly exserted. Stigmas 4, in-
closed. Berry nearly globose, crowned, containing 4 pyrenee.
Creeping herbs.
109 MEPHITI'DIA. Limb of calyx 3-6-parted or toothed.
Corolla funnel-shaped, 4-6-cleft, usually hairy. Stamens 4-C,
inserted towards the throat ; anthers linear, exserted, or inclosed.
Stigmas 4-9. Drupe baccate, crowned, containing 4-9 pyrense.
110 VANGUE'RIA. Limb of calyx spreading, 5-toothed, de-
ciduous. Corolla campanulate, 5-cleft, hairy in the throat;
lobes reflexed. Stamens 5 ; anthers oblong, hardly exserted.
Stigma capitate. Berry apple-formed, containing 5 pyrena;.
111 GUETTA'RDA. Limb of calyx permanent or deciduous,
truncate or irregularly toothed (f. 101. a.). Corolla salver-
shaped, with a cylindrical tube (f. 101. c.), and a 4-9-lobed
limb (f. 101.6.). Anthers 4-9, inserted in the throat, sessile,
inclosed. Stigma capitate, rarely 2-lobed. Drupe crowned
(f. 101. rf.), containing a 4-9-celled angular putamen (f. 101.
e.); cells 1-seeded.
112 MALA'NEA. Limb of calyx 4-toothed. Corolla small,
nearly rotate, with a very short tube, and a 4-lobed spreading
limb. Stamens exserted ; anthers roundish. Drupe dry, crowned,
containing a 2-celled putamen ; cells 1-seeded.
RUBIACE.E.
461
113 ANTIRHCE'A. Limb of calyx campanulate, 4-toothed.
Corolla tubular, 4-cleft. Anthers nearly sessile in the throat,
not exserted. Stigma bifid. Drupe sub-baccate, crowned, con-
taining a 2-celled putamen ; cells 1 -seeded.
114 STENOSTOMUM. Limb of calyx small, 5-toothed. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped, having the tube widened at the throat, and a
5-lobed limb. Anthers 5, oblong, hardly exserted. Stigma 2-
lobed. Drupe ovate-oblong, crowned, containing a 2-celled pu-
tamen ; cells 1 -seeded.
115 CHIO'NE. Limb of calyx repandly 5-toothed. Corolla
tubular, short, 5-lobed. Stamens inserted in the top of the tube.
Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit olive-formed, rather fleshy, containing a
2-celled bony nut ; cells 1 -seeded.
116 TIMO'NIUS. Limb of calyx tubular, truncate, 2-6-toothed.
Corolla tubular, salver-shaped, with a 4-6-parted spreading limb,
and a naked throat Stamens 4, almost sessile, inserted in the
upper part of the tube ; anthers 4, oblong-heart-shaped. Stig-
mas 2, digitately 5-cleft. Drupe globose, crowned, containing
7-25 bony 1-seeded nuts.
117 HAMILTONIA. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-
shaped, with a long tube (f. 102. 6.), and a 5-lobed limb (f. 102.
c.). Stamens 5, inserted in the throat, inclosed. Stigma 5-
cleft. Capsule crowned, dehiscing at the apex, containing 5
1 -seeded py rense.
118 LEPTODE'RMIS. Calyx inclosed by a 2-leaved calyci-
form involucrum ; limb 5-lobed. Corolla funnel-shaped, sca-
brous, with a terete tube, which is pilose inside, and a 5-lobed
cuspidate limb. Stamens 5, very short, inclosed. Stigma 5-cleft.
Fruit 5 -celled, 5-seeded ?
119 PSATHU'RA. Limb of calyx campanulate, 5-6-toothed.
Corolla bearded inside, with a short tube, and a 5-C-lobed
spreading limb. Anthers 5-6, nearly sessile in the throat.
Stigma 5-6-lobed. Berry globose, crowned, containing 6
pyrenae.
120 MYONIMA. Limb of calyx small, bluntly 8-toothed.
Corolla with a short tube, and a 4-parted limb. Stamens 4 ;
anthers oblong, exserted. Stigmas 4, approximate. Berry glo-
bose, not crowned, containing 4 pyrenae.
121 PYRO'STIUA. Limb of calyx 4-5-toothed. Corolla sub-
campanulate, 4-5-cleft ; throat tomentose. Stamens 4-5, hardly
exserted. Stigma capitate, bifid. Fruit pear-shaped, not
crowned, containing 4-8 bony nuts.
122 OCTA'VIA. Limb of calyx hardly any, truncate. Corolla
unknown. Ovarium crowned by a fleshy disk, which is per-
forated in the middle. Drupe fleshy, globose, not crowned, con-
taining 8 pyrenae.
123 LITOSA'NTHES. Limb of calyx small, 4-toothed. Co-
rolla globose, with a villous throat, and a short, spreading 4-
cleft limb. Stamens 4, inclosed ; anthers linear. Stigma 4-
toothed. Drupe succulent, obovate, umbonate, containing 4 nuts.
124 ERI'THALIS. Limb of calyx short, with a 5-10-toothed
border. Corolla rotate, without a tube, 5-1 0-parted. Stamens
5-10, hardly adnate to the corolla at the base; anthers linear.
Stigma bilamellate. Drupe globose, crowned, containing 5-10
pyrenae.
125 RETINIPHY'LLUM. Limb of calyx 5-cleft. Corolla salver-
shaped, with a terete tube and a 5-lobed spreading limb. Sta-
mens 5, exserted ; anthers oblong. Stigma undivided. Drupe
globose, crowned, containing 5 nuts.
126 NONATE'UA. Limb of calyx 5-toothed, Corolla funnel-
shaped, with a somewhat gibbous tube, and a 5-lobed limb.
Stamens 5, almost inclosed. Stigmas 2. Drupe globose,
crowned, containing 5 nuts.
127 GYNOCHTODES. Limb of calyx short, quite entire. Co-
rolla 4-5-parted, villous inside ; lobes connivent below and
spreading above, each furnished with an inflexed point at the
apex. Stamens 4-5, inclosed, inserted in the base of the corolla.
Stigma bifid, warted. Drupe globose, umbilicate, containing
4 pyrenae.
128 COZLOSPE'RMUM. Limb of calyx quite entire, deciduous.
Corolla with a short tube, and a 4-6-cleft, spreading limb.
Stamens 4-5, exserted, inserted in the throat ; anthers linear,
incumbent. Stigma bifid. Drupe globose, umbilicate, contain-
ing 4 pyrenae.
129 ANCYLA'NTHUS. Limb of calyx 5-parted (f. 103. a.).
Corolla tubular (f. 103. b.), incurved ; limb regular, 5-cleft (f.
103. c.) ; lobes cuspidate. Anthers 5, sessile in the throat
(f. 103. e.). Stigma 5-lobed (f. 103. rf.). Fruit 5-celled (f. 103.
g.) ; cells 1-seeded.
130 PHALLA'RIA. Calyx with a globose tube, and an acutely
5-toothed limb. Corolla tubular, 5-cleft; lobes spreading or
reflexed. Anthers 5, ovate, at the throat. Style filiform, crowned
by an elongated thick stigma. Ovarium 2-seeded.
131 HYLA'CIUM. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-
shaped, with a long tube and 5 roundish reflexed lobes. Anthers
5, almost sessile in the throat. Style thick at the base, 5-fur-
rowed. Stigma cylindrical, 5-furrowed. Drupe dry, contain-
ing a 2-celled rugged nut : one of the cells usually abortive.
132 CUVIE'RA. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Corolla campanulate,
5-cleft, spinescent at the apex. Anthers 5, at the throat, in-
closed. Stigma dilated, with a reflexed margin. Fruit baccate,
5-celled ; cells 1-seeded.
133 DON!DSIA. Limb of calyx very short, hardly 5-toothed.
Corolla with a short broad tube, beset with a row of stiff'
retrograde hairs inside, and a 5-lobed limb. Style tumid in the
middle, and hispid. Ovarium 1 -celled ? many seeded.
134 STIGMA'NTHUS. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Corolla with
a long tube and a 5-lobed limb. Stamens 5 ; anthers reflexed.
Stigma large. Berry dry, tubercular, compressed, 1-celled.
Seeds numerous, bony.
135 STRU'MPFIA. Limb of calyx campanulate, 5-cleft beyond
the middle. Corolla somewhat campanulate, profoundly 5-cleft,
with hardly any tube. Stamens 5, inserted in the base of the
tube of the corolla, connate. Stigma bifid. Drupe pea-formed,
umbilicate, containing a 2-celled globose nut, rarely 1-celled.
136 BILLIO'TIA. Limb of calyx 5-7-parted. Corolla salver-
shaped, with a 5-7-parted limb, and the throat bearded by
bristles inside. Stamens 5-7, adnate to the tube. Ovarium
covered by a nectariferous urceolus at the apex. Style 1 ,
crowned by 4 stigmas. Drupe 1-seeded by abortion.
4G2
RUBIACE^E.
TRIBE VIII.
PJEDERIE'JE. Fruit 2-celled, indehiscent, hardly fleshy, the
rind easily separated from the seeds or carpels. Carpels com-
pressed, \-seeded (f. 104. /.), hanging from a filiform axis. Al-
bumcn fleshy. — Climbing shrubs, with opposite leaves, and in-
terpetiolar stipulas.
137 LYGODYSO'DEA. Limb of calyx 5-toothed (f. 104. a.).
Corolla having the tube much longer than the teeth of the calyx
(f. 104. b.\ with a hairy throat and a 5-lobed limb (f. 104. c.) ;
lobes revolute. Anthers sessile within the tube (f. 104. e.).
Stigmas 2, slender (f. 104. d.). Fruit indehiscent, crowned (f.
104. g.\ containing 2 carpella.
138 LECO'NTEA. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Corolla with a
longish terete tube, a 5-parted limb, and a naked throat. Anthers
almost sessile in the throat, exserted. Stigmas 2, linear. Fruit
containing 2 winged carpella.
139 PJEDE'RIA. Limb of calyx small, 5-toothed. Corolla
funnel-shaped, hairy inside, 5-lobed, plicate in aestivation. An-
thers 5, almost sessile in the middle of the tube. Stigma bifid.
Berry 2-celled, 2-seeded, with the bark at length brittle.
TRIBE IX.
COFFEA'CEJE. Fruit 2-celled (f. 105. k. f. 107. c.), baccate,
containing 2 \-seeded bony nuts (f. 107. d.), which are flat inside,
and usually marked by a furrow on the outside ; rarely only con-
taining 1 nut from abortion. Albumen horny. — Trees or shrubs,
with opposite leaves. Stipulas interpetiolar, 2 on each side,
combined or distinct.
SUBTRIBE I. COFFEE'JE. Flowers distinct, not joined together.
140 AMARACA'RPUS. Limb of calyx 4-cleft, unequal. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a villous throat, and a deeply 4-cleft limb.
Stamens 4, inserted in the throat. Stigma 2-lobed. Drupe
crowned.
141 DAMNACA'NTHUS. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla
unknown. Berry globose, crowned.
142 CA'NTHIUM. Limb of calyx 4-5-toothed. Corolla with
a short tube, a bearded throat, and a 4-5-lobed spreading limb.
Stigma undivided, globose or mitre- formed. Berry globose or
didymous, crowned.
143 PLECTRO'NIA. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla short,
funnel-shaped, with a 5-parted limb and a bearded throat :
lobes reflexed. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat, a little ex-
serted. Stigma bilamellate, subcapitate. Berry nearly dry,
naked at the apex, emarginate, compressed, didymous.
144 PSY'DRAX. Limb of calyx 5-toothed, deciduous. Corolla
with a short tube, a hairy throat, and a 5-lobed reflexed limb.
Stamens inclosed. Style exserted ; stigma bilamellate. Berry
fleshy, obovate, areolate at the apex.
145 MARQUI'SIA. Limb of calyx short, acutely 5-parted.
Corolla with a short tube, a glabrous throat, and a 5-lobed
spreading limb. Anthers 5, ovate, sessile at the throat. Stigmas
4-6. Berry ovate, fleshy, crowned.
146 NESCI'DIA. Limb of calyx hardly any, quite entire.
Corolla with a short tube, a 5-cleft limb, and a naked throat.
Stamens 5, inclosed, nearly sessile, inserted in the throat ; anthers
linear, acute. Stigmas 2, face to face. Ovarium 2-celled.
147 DIPLO'SPORA. Limb of calyx subcampanulate, 4-toothed.
Corolla with a broad tube, a pilose throat, and a 4-lobed spread-
ing limb. Stigma bifid. Ovarium 2-celled. Fruit unknown.
1 48 EPITHI'NIA. Limb of calyx cylindrical, hardly 4-toothed.
Corolla tubular, with a spreading 4-parted acute limb, and a
villous throat. Stamens 4, exserted ; anthers linear. Style
exserted: stigma bifid. Berry 8-furrowed.
149 SIDERODE'NDRON. Limb of calyx hardly any, somewhat
4-toothed. Corolla with a long terete tube, a 4-lobed obtuse limb,
and a glabrous throat. Anthers 4, oblong, sessile at the throat.
Style bifid at the apex. Berry dry, subglobose, not crowned.
150 EUMA'CHIA. Limb of calyx 4-toothed, deciduous. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped, with a short tube, a naked throat, and a
4-parted spreading limb. Stamens 4, inserted at the bottom of
the tube ; anthers oblong, inclosed. Stigma bifid. Berry glo-
bose, not crowned.
151 DECLIEU'XIA. Limb of calyx 4*parted (f- 105. &.). Co-
rolla funnel-shaped (f. 105. g.), with a terete tube (f. 105. f.),
a bearded throat, and a 4-lobed reflexed limb. Stamens 4,
inserted in the throat ; anthers linear, incumbent, exserted (f.
105. e.~). Stigma bifid (f. 105. c.). Berry nearly dry, some-
what didymous, compressed (f. 105. k.), crowned (f. 105. &.).
152 TERTRE'A. Limb of calyx 4-parted. Corolla short,
funnel-shaped, 4-cleft ; lobes spreading ; throat beset with long
hairs. Stamens inserted in the upper part of the tube, exserted.
Style inclosed : stigmas 2. Drupe oblong, compressed, crowned.
153 CHIOCO'CCA. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-
shaped, with an obconical tube or throat, and a 5-lobed acute
limb. Stamens 5, downy, hardly adnate at the bottom of the
corolla ; anthers linear, inclosed. Style clavate or 2-lobed at
the apex. Berry somewhat didymous, compressed, crowned.
154 MARGA'RIS. Limb of calyx somewhat turbinate, semi-
quinquifid. Corolla funnel-shaped, with an obconical tube,
which is bluntly 5-toothed or 5-lobed at the apex. Stamens in-
serted into the middle of the tube, inclosed ; anthers ovate.
Stigma undivided or somewhat 2-lobed. Berry globose^ crowned.
155 SALDI'NIA. Limb of calyx somewhat campanulate, obso-
letely repand. Corolla with a short tube, an acute 4-parted
limb, and a hairy throat. Stamens 4, inserted in the throat, hardly
exserted; anthers oblong, nearly sessile. Fruit ovoid, com-
pressed, crowned, drupaceous, 1-celled and 1-seeded by abor-
tion, small.
156 SCOLOSA'NTHUS. Lobes of calyx 4, linear-lanceolate.
Corolla tubular, tetragonal before expansion. Stamens adnate
to the lower part of the tube, downy, not exserted ; anthers
linear. Stigmas 2, Drupe nearly globose, crowned, containing
a 2-celled 2-seeded nut.
157 CHOME'LIA. Limb of calyx 4-toothed. Corolla salver-
shaped, with a long slender tube, a glabrous throat, and a 4-
lobed limb. Anthers 4, almost sessile in the throat. Style bifid
at the apex, situated among the anthers. Drupe ovate, crowned,
containing a 2-celled 2-seeded nut.
158 BACONIA. Limb of calyx bluntly 4-cleft. Corolla fun-
RUBIACE.E.
463
nel-shaped, with a short terete tube, a bearded throat, and 4
oblong lobes, which are longer than the tube, and twisted in
aestivation. Anthers 6, linear, almost sessile, exserted. Style
exserted. Stigma undivided. Berry dry, 2-celled, 2-seeded.
159 IXORA. Limb of calyx small, 4- toothed (f. 106. a.).
Corolla salver-shaped (f. 106. 6.), with a slender terete tube (f.
106. d.}, and a 4-parted spreading limb (f. 106. 6.). Anthers
4, almost sessile in the throat. Style bifid (f. 106. e.) at the
apex, equal in length to the corolla or a little longer. Berry
drupaceous, crowned, nearly globose.
160 PAVE'TTA. All as in Ixora, but differs in the style being
exserted beyond the corolla, and clavate, undivided, or hardly
bifid at the apex.
161 SAPRO'SMA. Limb of calyx small, 4-toothed. Corolla
4-cleft, with a hairy throat. Stamens 4, inserted in the throat.
Stigma bifid. Berry oval, smooth, umbilicate, crowned, 1-seeded.
162 COUSSA'REA. Limb of calyx tubular, sinuately 4-toothed.
Corolla with an elongated terete tube, which is hardly subtumid
under the apex, and a glabrous throat. Stamens 4, inserted in
the upper part of the tube, inclosed ; anthers oblong-linear.
Stigma bipartite, hardly exserted. Berry ovate-globose, hardly
fleshy, crowned, 1-celled, 1-seeded.
163 POLYOZUS. Limb of calyx obsoletely denticulated, deci-
duous. Corolla with a cylindrical tube, which is shorter than
the 4-5 lobes of the limb, and a villous throat. Anthers hardly
exserted. Style short ; stigma bifid. Berry drupaceous, nearly
globose, not crowned.
164 GRUMILEA. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla and sta-
mens unknown. Berry crowned, ovate-globose, rather coriace-
ous, 2 rarely S-celled.
165 RUTIDEA. Limb of calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a terete tube and a 5-lobed spreading limb.
Anthers oblong, sessile in the throat, exserted. Style clavate
at the apex ; stigmas 2, adnate. Berry nearly dry, globose,
crowned, 1-celled, 1-seeded by abortion.
166 FARA'MEA. Limb of calyx very short, 4-toothed, or
entire. Corolla with a short terete tube, a naked throat, and 4
spreading oblong or linear lobes. Anthers 4, sessile, inclosed.
Style short, bifid at the apex. Berry dry, marked by 8 crenae
at the apex, 1-celled by abortion at maturity.
167 STREMPE'LIA. Limb of calyx campanulately tubular, 4-
5-toothed. Corolla tubular, with a 4-5-parted spreading limb,
and a naked throat. Stamens inserted in the middle of the tube,
pilose in the free part ; anthers linear, inclosed. Fruit ovoid,
crowned.
168 COFFE'A. Limb of calyx small, 4-5-toothed (f. 107. a.}.
Corolla tubular, funnel-shaped, with a 4-5-parted spreading
limb (f. 107. 6.). Stamens 4-5, inserted in the middle of the
upper part of the tube, exserted or inclosed. Style bifid at the
apex. Berry umbilicate (f. 107. h,), not crowned.
169 ANTHERU'RA. All as in Psychotria, but differs in the
corolla being rotate and 5-parted ; in the anthers being sagit-
tate at the base and caudate at the apex ; in the style being subu-
late, and longer than the corolla, and in the stigma being simple.
170 RON A BE A. Limb of calyx small, 5-toothed. Corolla
oblong, somewhat funnel-shaped, with 5 spreading acute lobes,
and a naked throat. Anthers 5, oblong, inclosed. Stigma bi-
lamellate. Berry ovate, umbilicate.
171 PSYCHOTRIA. Limb of calyx 5-lobed or 5-toothed.
Corolla funnel-shaped, short, 5-cleft; limb spreading or re-
curved ; throat bearded or glabrous. Stamens 5 : anthers ex-
serted or inclosed. Stigma bifid. Berry drupaceous, crowned.
1 72 ANTONIA. Calyx having the tube clothed with imbricate
scales and a 5-cleft limb. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a
bearded throat and a 5-parted limb. Stigma ovate, bifid. Berry
2-celled.
173 PALICOU'REA. All as in Psychotria, except the corolla,
which is tubular and cylindrical, and a little gibbous at the base
or curved, 5-cleft, bearded beneath the middle inside. The
teeth of the calyx, and the lobes of the corolla, sometimes rather
unequal.
174 CHASA'LIA. Limb of calyx urceolate, rather tubular,
entire or 5-toothed at the apex. Corolla with an elongated
equal tube, and 5 short acutish erect or spreading lobes. Anthers
5, inserted in the mouth or top of the tube, inclosed or a little
exserted. Stigmas 2. Berry ovate, crowned, hardly dry.
175 JA'CKIA. Limb of calyx unilateral, trifid at the apex.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a filiform tube and a campanulate 5-
parted limb. Anthers a little exserted, filiform, sessile at the
throat. Style exserted, pilose in the middle ; stigma ovate, glo-
bose, longitudinally furrowed.
SUBTRIBE II. CEPH.ELI'DE./E. Flowers disposed in heads, in-
volucrated by bracteas.
176 CEPHJE'LIS. Limb of calyx very short, 5-toothed. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped, with 5 small lobes. Anthers inclosed. Stigma
bifid, usually exserted. Berry obovate-oblong, crowned, 2-
celled, 2-seeded. Shrubs and herbs.
177 CARAPI'CHEA. All as in Cephtelis, but the anthers and
stigmas are a little exserted. Berry dry, salcate, divisible into
two parts, crowned. The nuts are smooth on the outside, not
as in Cephce'lis striated on the outside.
178 SUTE'RIA. Limb of calyx tubular, angular, 5 times
longer than the ovarium, with an unequally 5-toothed border.
Corolla salver-shaped, with a terete tube and a naked throat.
Anthers sessile, inclosed. Stigma bilamellate. Fruit 2-celled,
2-seeded.
179 GEO'PHILA. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Corolla tubular,
with a pilose throat, and 5 rather recurved lobes. Anthers 5,
inclosed. Stigma bifid. Berry ovoid, angular, crowned, 2-
celled, 2-seeded. — Herbs.
180 PAT AV BE A. Limb of calyx very short, entire, or 4-tooth-
ed, rarely 5-6-toothed. Corolla with a short, nearly terete
tube, and 4-6 spreading lobes. Anthers 4-6, sessile within the
throat. Stigma bluntly bifid. Berry globose, crowned, smooth,
2-celled, 2-seeded.
181 SALZMA'NNIA. Limb of calyx bluntly 4-toothed or sinu-
ated. Corolla with a short tube and a 4-lobed limb. Stamens
with very short filaments, and very long linear anthers. Style
undivided. Berry dry, crowned, compressed, 1-celled and 1-
seeded from abortion.
464
TRIBE X.
SPERMACOCE*. Stigma bilamellate (f. 189. b.). Fruit dry,
and rather fleshy, usually composed of 2 1-seeded mericarps.
rarely of 3-4, which are sometimes joined together and sometimes
separating, indehiscent, but sometimes dehiscing in various mays.
Albumen between fleshy and horny. — Shrubs or herbs. Leaves
opposite. Stipulas membranous at the base, and usually divided
into many bristles at the apex.
SUBTRIBE!. CEPHALA'NTHE*. Flowers and fruit sessile, densely
aggregate, seated on a globose receptacle. Fruit divisible into
two parts. Shrubs.
182 CEPHALA'NTHUS. Limb of calyx angular, 4-toothed.
Corolla tubular, slender, with a 4-cleft limb. Stamens 4, short,
inserted in the tube, hardly exserted. Style exserted ; stigma
capitate. Fruit crowned.
SUBTRIBE II. EUSPERMACOCE*:. Flowers distinct. Fruit dry,
usually divisible into 2 parts, and sometimes in 3 or 4 parts. —
Usually herbs, rarely shrubs.
183 DEMOCRITEA. Lobes of calyx 5, lanceolate, acute, stiff.
Corolla, stamens, and style unknown. Fruit 2-celled, 2-seeded
when young, but becoming 1 -celled from the dissepiment having
vanished at maturity. Seeds free within the pericarp. — A
shrub.
184 O'CTODON. Limb of calyx with 8 very short teeth.
Corolla campanulate, 4-cleft, beset with adpressed hairs inside,
which are tipped with glands. Stamens inserted in the bottom
of the tube. Stigma globular. Capsule turbinate, obsoletely
tetragonal, 2-celled, 2-valved, dehiscing at the dissepiment.
185 BORRE'RIA. Limb of calyx 2-4-toothed. Corolla salver-
shaped or funnel-shaped, 4-lobed. Stamens 4, exserted or in-
closed. Stigma bifid or undivided. Capsule crowned, 2-celled,
dehiscing at the dissepiment when mature ; coccula bursting by
a longitudinal chink inside.
186 SPERMACOCE. Limb of calyx 2-4-toothed (f. 108. a.),
with sometimes accessory teeth. Corolla salver-shaped or fun-
nel-shaped, 4-lobed (f. 108. c.). Stigma bifid or undivided (f.
108. e.). Capsule crowned (f. 108. f.), 2-celled : nuts divisible
into two parts from the apex, one open and the other closed.
187 HEXASE'PALUM. Limb of calyx 6-parted. Corolla cam-
panulately funnel-shaped, with an obconical tube and 4 lanceo-
late lobes. Stamens 4, shorter than the lobes of the corolla.
Fruit oblong, dry, divisible into two parts at the dissepiment ;
the dissepiment being double the nuts are both closed.
188 DIODIA. Calyx with a 2-4-toothed limb, rarely more.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a 4-lobed limb. Stamens 4, exserted
or inclosed. Style bifid or undivided. Fruit crowned, divisible
into two parts : the parts indehiscent.
189 TRIODON. Limb of calyx 2-4-toothed, with sometimes
other accessory teeth. Corolla short, funnel-shaped, 4-cleft.
Stigma bifid. Capsule papery, crowned, 2-celled : nuts 2, in-
dehiscent, having the axis tridentate and remaining after the nuts
have fallen.
RUBIACE^E.
190 CRU'SEA. Limb of calyx constricted above the ovarium,
profoundly cleft into 4 linear lobes, and 4 accessory small ones.
Corolla salver-shaped, with a long tube, a glabrous throat, and
4-lobed limb. Stamens exserted. Style exserted, bifid at the
apex. Fruit of 2 indehiscent nuts, adhering to a flat membra-
nous permanent axis, but at length separating from it.
191 RICHARDSONIA. Limb of calyx of 4-7 unequal teeth.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with an obconical tube, and a 3-5-lobed
spreading limb. Stamens 3-5, exserted. Style 3-4 cleft at the
apex. Capsule crowned at first, containing 3-4 1-seeded mem-
branous indehiscent nuts. Seeds peltate.
192 KNO'XIA. Teeth of calyx 4, unequal. Corolla salver-
shaped, with a terete tube, a usually bearded throat, and a 4-
lobed limb. Anthers at the throat. Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit
2-celled: the 2 nuts usually separating from the base to the apex
at the dissepiment. Seed ovate-triquetrous.
193 PSYLLOCA'RPUS. Limb of calyx 8-toothed, unequal.
Corolla funnel-shaped, having the tube bearded at the throat,
and an acutish 4-lobed limb. Anthers 4, inclosed. Stigma 2-
lobed. Capsule crowned, compressed from the back of the
carpels, 2-celled : dissepiment parallel with the valves. — Small
shrubs.
194 MITRACA'RPUM. Limb of calyx 4-toothed; teeth un-
equal. Corolla salver-shaped, with a terete tube, having a cir-
cular line of hairs near the base inside, a glabrous throat, and a
4-lobed limb. Anthers exserted or inclosed. Stigma bifid.
Capsule membranous, crowned, 2-celled, circumcised about the
middle.
195 CRUCKSHA'NKSIA. Limb of calyx 4-toothed : teeth
usually having an accessory tooth on each side, 1 or 2 of which
are usually expanded into roundish wings. Corolla salver-
shaped, with an elongated tube, a 5-cleft spreading limb, and a
glabrous throat. Stamens 5, exserted, inserted in the mouth of
the corolla. Anthers linear-oblong, fixed by the base. Stigma
bifid, pilose. Capsule globose, subdidymous, crowned, 2-
celled, 4-valved : cells 2-seeded. Seed obovate, tubercular.
196 STS'LIA. Teeth of calyx 2, subulate. Corolla funnel-
shaped, with a slender tube, and a 4-lobed acute limb. Stamens 4, .
exserted. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule crowned, membranous, 2-
celled, 2-valved : dissepiment entire, permanent.
197 TESSIEVRA. Limb of calyx 4-lobed: lobes unequal.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a glabrous throat, and a 4-lobed
limb. Stamens exserted a little. Stigma 2-lobed? Capsule
crowned, 2-celled, 2-valved ; dissepiment entire, deciduous.
198 GAILLONIA. Limb of calyx 5-7-toothed ; teeth unequal.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a terete tube, and a 5-7-lobed
limb. Stamens 5-7, exserted from the throat. Style filiform ;
stigma 2-lobed. Fruit ovoid, containing 2 separable indehiscent
nuts.
199 MACHAONIA. Limb of calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla
funnel-shaped, 5-cleft, with a short tube, and a villous throat.
Stamens 5, inserted in the throat ; anthers subcordate, exserted.
Stigma bipartite. Capsule somewhat tetragonal, crowned, con-
taining 2 1-seeded indehiscent nuts, which are fixed to the top
of a linear axis. — Shrubs or trees.
RUBIACE^E.
465
SUBTRIBE III. PUTORIE'-E. Fruit rather fleshy, not divisible.
— Shrubs and herbs.
200 SERISSA. Limb of calyx 5, rarely 4-cleft, with some-
times accessory teeth. Corolla funnel-shaped, having the tube
hairy inside, and the limb 5, rarely 4-parted ; lobes induplicate
in aestivation, hence somewhat trifid at the apex. Stamens 5,
rarely 4 ; anthers linear, exserted. Style inclosed, bifid at the
apex. Berry nearly globose, 2-celled, 2-seeded.
201 ERNboEA. Limb of calyx 4-6-parted, permanent. Co-
rolla salver-shaped, with a terete subtetragonal tube, a naked
throat, and 4-6 lanceolate revolute lobes. Stamens longer than
the corolla ; anthers acute. Style exserted ; stigma emarginate.
Berry roundish, crowned, 2-celled, 2-seeded.
202 CU'NCEA. Limb of calyx small, 4-toothed. Corolla with
a short tube and a 4-cleft limb, having the throat closed with
villi. Anthers 4, linear, sessile, inclosed. Stigma bifid, ex-
serted. Berry 2-celled, 2-seeded, crowned.
203 HYDROPHIVLAX. Limb of calyx 4-parted (f. 109. a.),
permanent. Corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, 4-lobed (f.
109. f.). Anthers 4, linear-oblong, sessile, inserted at the throat
(f. 109./.), exserted. Stigma roundish, 2-lobed(f. 109. 6.). Berry
dry, angular, lanceolate, crowned, 2-celled (f. 109. c.). Seed
bisulcate inside.
204 SCYPHI'PHORA. Limb of calyx tubular, truncate, nearly
entire. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a spreading limb, having the
tube hairy inside. Stamens 4, exserted ; anthers incumbent,
Stigma bifid. Drupe baccate, crowned, 8-furrowed, containing
2 1 -seeded nuts.
205 PLO'CAMA. Limb of calyx hardly any, sinuately 5-cleft.
Corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, 5-cleft, rarely 6-cleft.
Anthers linear, inserted between the lobes of the corolla, sessile.
Stigma thickish. Fruit subbaccate, areolate at the apex,
crowned, 2-3-celled.
206 PUTORIA. Limb of calyx short, tubular, sinuately 5-
toothed. Corolla salver-shaped, with a long terete tube, a gla-
brous throat, and 4 spreading acutish lobes. Stamens short,
rising from the top of the tube, hardly exserted ; anthers oblong-
linear. Stigma bifid. Berry almost dry, umbilicate, 2-celled.
TRIBE XI.
ANTHOSPE'RME.E. Flowers sometimes dioecious. Corolla rotate
(f. 110.6.). Styles 2, separate to the base, ending each in an
elongated plumose stigma (f. 110. c.). Fruit constantly composed
of 2 indehiscent 1-seeded mericarps at maturity (f. 110. g.f.), which
are easily separated. Albumen fleshy. — Herbs or subshrubs.
Leaves opposite or in whorles. Stipulas small, 1-3-toolhed,
rather adnate to both sides of the petioles.
207 CAPROSMA. Limb of calyx 4-7-toothed, short. Corolla
campanulately turbinate, with a short broad tube, a naked throat,
and 4-7 acute lobes. Stamens 4-7. Style nearly bipartite to the
base, pilose, exserted. Berry obovate, pulpy, containing 2-3
bony indehiscent nuts.
208 PHY'LLIS. Limb of calyx obsolete. Corolla tubular,
with a 5-lobed spreading limb. Stamens 5. Style almost want-
VOL. III.
ing ; stigmas 2. Capsule obovate, compressed, naked at the
apex, divisible into two parts ; mericarps hanging from the cen-
tral axis.
209 GALOPINA. Flowers hermaphrodite. Limb of calyx very
minute, hardly any. Corolla subrotate, 4-parted. Stamens in-
serted in the bottom of the corolla. Styles 2, ending in very
long pilose stigmas. Fruit didymous ; nuts separable, indehis-
cent, warted.
210 ANTHOSPE'RMUM. Flowers dioecious, rarely polygamous
or hermaphrodite. Limb of calyx small, 4-5-toothed (f. 110. a.),
deciduous. Corolla with a short tube, and a 4-5-parted limb (f.
HO. &.), which is longer than the tube. Stamens 4-5, inserted at
the base of the tube (f. 110. d.} ; anthers oblong, terete. Stig-
mas 2, very long (f. 110. c.), hairy. Fruit constantly of 2 easily
separated nuts (f. llO.y. g.).
211 AMBRA'RIA. Flowers dioecious, with the same structure
as Anthospermum, but the fruit is falsely 3-4-celled ; mericarps
joined by a concave commissure, hence the central cell is empty,
and the 2 lateral ones filled.
TRIBE XII.
STELLA'M:. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual. Corolla
rotate or funnel-shaped ; lobes valvate in aestivation. Styles 2,
distinct from the base, or joined together more or less ; stigmas
capitate. Fruit constantly of 2 indehiscent \-seeded mericarps.
Seed hardly distinct from the calyx and pericarp. Albumen
horny. — Sometimes subshrubs, but usually herbs. Leaves oppo-
site, bearing buds in the axils, having 1-2 or 3 leaf -formed slipu-
las, on each side, forming nhorls along with them. The leaves
are only to be distinguished from the stipulas by being furnished
with axillary buds.
212 SHERA'RDIA. Limb of calyx 4-6-toothed, permanent.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a terete tube, and a 4-lobed limb.
Stamens 4. Style one, 2-lobed. Fruit crowned, dry, bipartite.
213 ASPE'RULA. Limb very short, 4-toothed, deciduous, or
obsolete. Corolla funnel-shaped, rarely campanulate, 4-cleft,
rarely 3-cleft. Styles 2, joined at the base, and sometimes
nearly to the apex. Fruit didymous, not crowned, almost dry.
214 CRUCIANE'LLA. Limb of calyx none. Corolla tubular,
elongated, funnel-shaped, 4-5-lobed: lobes usually drawn out
into a bristle-like inflexed appendage. Stamens 4-5, inclosed.
Style 2-lobed at the apex. Fruit bipartite, not crowned.
215 RU'BIA. Limb of calyx hardly any. Corolla rotate, 5-
parted. Stamens 5, short. Styles 2, short. Fruit didymous,
globose, baccate, juicy.
216 GA'LIUM. Limb of calyx hardly any. Corolla 4-parted
(f. 1 1 1 . &.), rotate, rarely 3-parted. Stamens 4, short (f. 111. c.).
Styles 2, short. Fruit didymous, roundish, dry.
217 CALLIPE'LTIS. Limb of calyx not perspicuous. Corolla
4-parted, campanulate. Stamens 4, very short. Stigmas 2.
Fruit oblong, somewhat incurved, 1-seeded from one of the
mericarps being abortive.
218 VAILLA'NTIA. Flowers by threes : the middle one her-
maphrodite and fertile, the 2 lateral ones male, and joined
to the middle one. Limb of calyx denticulated, permanent :
30
466
RUBIACEjE. I. NAUCLEA.
teeth many, irregular, stiff. Corolla of the male flowers trifid,
of the hermaphrodite one quadrifid. Stamens 3-4. Styles in the
female flower 2. Fruit 3-horned.
TRIBE XIII.
OpERCULARiE'a:. Fruit 1-celled, l-seeded, joined together
laterally into a head (f. 112. &.), and at length opening by 2
valves at the apex. — Herbs or subshrubs, with opposite leaves.
Stipulas twin on each side, distinct or concrete.
219 POMAX. Limb of calyx wanting. Corolla 3-4-cleft.
Stamens 1-4. Style short ; stigmas 2, slender. Seeds wrinkled
from tubercles. — Suffrutescent herbs.
220 OPERCULA'RIA. Limb of calyx 3-4-lobed. Corolla 3-4
cleft. Stamens 1-5. Style short; stigmas 2, slender. Seeds
nearly smooth. — Herbs suffruticose at the base (f. 112.).
221 LIPO'STOMA. Limb of calyx 4-parted. Corolla with a
tubular base, a ventricose throat, and a 4-lobed limb ; tube hairy
inside, bearded at the top. Stamens 4, inserted in the throat.
Stigmas 2. Capsule globose, 2-celled, but usually only 1-celled
from the rupturing of the dissepiment, many seeded, crowned by
a deciduous operculum.
t Rubiaceous genera not sufficiently known.
222 PSILO'BIUM. Limb of calyx spreading, 5-parted. Corolla
with a short tube and a 5-parted limb. Stamens 5, fixed to the
base of the corolla. Stigma clavate, 10-winged, exserted.
Fruit cylindrical, silique-formed, crowned, 2-celled, many-seed-
ed. Seeds fixed to the central axis, 2 series in each cell. —
Shrubs.
223 PLATYME'RIUM. Limb of calyx rotate, 5-parted, rarely
4-parted. Corolla coriaceous, funnel-shaped, with a short tube,
which is woolly inside, and a 5, rarely 4-parted limb, which is
twisted in aestivation. Anthers sessile in the tube. Style cla-
vate, spirally 10-ribbed. Ovarium 2-celled, crowned by an
epigynous disk.- — Shrub, very nearly allied to Psilobium.
224 STIPULA'RIA. Calyx small, tubular, with a 5-toothed
border. Corolla tubular, slender. Stamens 5 ? Heads of
flowers axillary, nearly sessile, surrounded by a large calyciform
5-toothed villous involucrum.
225 BENZO'NIA. Limb of calyx small, 5-toothed. Corolla
tubular, coriaceous, 5-cleft. Anthers triquetrous, sessile in the
throat. Stigma ovate-globose, furrowed longitudinally. Fruit
unknown. — A shrub, with corymbose flowers.
226 HIMATA'NTHUS. Calyx with a turbinate tube, and a
loose permanent 5-parted unequal limb. Corolla funnel-shaped,
having the tube much longer than the calyx, and a 5-cleft limb.
Stamens 5, capillary, very short, inserted in the tube. Style
clavate : stigma subulate. Ovarium 2-celled, 2-seeded. — A
tree. Flowers spicate, sessile, involucrated by a large deciduous
bractea before expansion. Perhaps belonging to Rubiaceee.
227 SICKI'NGIA. Calyx 5-toothed, permanent. Corolla cam-
panulate, 5-toothed. Filaments inserted in the middle of the
tube. Anthers exserted. Stigma 1. Capsule woody, 2-valved.
Seeds winged. — A tree, with panicles of sweet-scented flowers.
Perhaps belonging to RubiacecE.
Tribe I.
CINCHONA'CEJi (this tribe contains plants agreeing with
Cinchona in important characters). D. C. prod. 4. p. 343.
Cinchoneae, Rich. diss. p. 108. Fruit capsular, 2-celled; cells
many-seeded. Seeds winged. Albumen fleshy. — Trees or
shrubs. Leaves opposite. Stipulas interpetiolar.
SUBTRIBE I. NAUCLEVE* (shrubs agreeing with the genus
Nauclea in the globose flowers). D. C. prod. 4. p. 343. Flowers
capitate, sessile upon a globose receptacle (f. 83. e. f. 84. It.)
I. NAU'CLEA (from vavg, natts, a ship, and K\CIW, kleio, to
inclose ; in reference to the hull-shaped half capsule). Lin.
gen. no. 223. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 151. t. 30. Lam. ill. t. 153.
Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 117. D. C. prod. 4. p. 343.— Nauclea
species, Juss. Kunth, Blume. — Cephalanthus species. Lin. ed. 1.
Lam. Reich.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an oblong
tube (f. 83. a.), and a short, truncate, or 5-toothed limb (f. 83.
6.) ; lobes linear. Corolla funnel-shaped (f. 83. c.), with a
slender tube, a naked throat, and 5 spreading, oval-oblong lobes
(f. 83. c.). Anthers inclosed (f. 83. g.\ or exserted, always
shorter than the lobes of the corolla. Style filiform (f. 83. e.},
exserted ; stigma oblong (f. 83. d.), or ovate, tumid, undivided.
Capsules 2-celled (f. 83. h. f.), sessile upon the receptacle, not
gradually attenuated to the base. Seeds numerous, imbricate,
winged, fixed to oblong placentas, which are adnate to the dis-
sepiment. Embryo inverted in a fleshy albumen. — Unarmed
trees, rarely shrubs, natives of India and Africa. Leaves oppo-
site, or 3-4 in a whorl, petiolate or sessile. Stipulas interpe-
tiolar, deciduous. Peduncles terminal and axillary, each bearing a
globose head of flowers. Bracteas wanting at the base of the head
of flowers, but with linear paleae among the flowers. Flowers
crowded, sessile. This genus differs from Cephalanthus in the
parts of the flowers being quinary, and in the cells of the cap-
sules being many-seeded ; and from Sarcocephalus in the fruit
being capsular, not baccate ; and from Uncaria in the capsules
being sessile, not attenuated at the base.
I
SECT. I. NAUCLEA'RIA (altered from Nauclea). Lobes of
calyx short, acute, or wanting.
§ 1 . Capsules growing together in the head.
1 N. UNDULA'TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 117.) arboreous;
branches brachiate ; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, obtuse, un-
dulated, shining ; Stipulas elliptic, obtuse, almost the length of
petioles ; peduncles terminal, solitary ; capsules united. Ij . S.
Native of the Moluccas. Peduncles drooping, each bearing a
large globular head of numerous, small, most beautiful yellow
fragrant flowers. Anthers seated in the 5 fissures of the corolla,
with hardly any filaments.
Undulated-]~eaved Nauclea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Tree
20 feet.
2 N. GLABE'RRIMA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 344.) branches tetragonal ; leaves ovate, glabrous, flat ;
Stipulas oval, length of petioles ; peduncles solitary, terminal ;
capsules united. fj . S. Native of the island of Luzon. This
species differs from N. undulata in the leaves not being undu-
lated or shining, in the petioles being 1 inch long, not 2 inches.
The heads are referrible to the fruit ofPlatanus, but are smooth.
Quite- glabrous Nauclea. Tree 12 to 15 feet.
3 N. WALLICHIA NA (R. Br. in Wall. cat. 6098.) branches
quadrangular ; leaves broad, roundish-elliptic, obtuse at both
ends, but sometimes cuneated at the base, glabrous : peduncles
terminal, solitary ; Stipulas elliptic, obtuse ; stamens exserted ;
1
RUBIACEiE. I. NAUCLEA.
467
fruit combined. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies, on the
banks of rivers.
Wallich's Nauclea. Shrub.
4 N. COADUNA'TA (Roxb. in Rees" cycl. vol. 24. no. 6.)
arborescent; leaves petiolate, broad -ovate, cordate, obtuse, coria-
ceous, smooth ; stipulas obovate ; peduncles terminal, solitary ;
capsules united. Tj . S. Native of Ceylon. N. cordata, Roxb.
rl. ind. 2. p. 118. Peduncles drooping, each bearing a large
beautiful globular head of very fragrant bright yellow flowers.
Bractea a small irregularly 4-toothed withering ring, round the
peduncles near the base, within the stipulas. Anthers cordate,
on very short filaments, from the mouth of the tube just under
the fissures of its border.
Coadunate-capsu\ed Nauclea. Fl. May, June. CIt. 1820.
Tree 20 to 30 feet.
5 N. SERI'CEA (Wall. cat. no. 6095.) branches tetragonal ;
leaves elliptic, obtuse at both ends, almost sessile, smooth ;
heads terminal by threes : middle one on the shortest peduncle ;
corollas clothed with silky villi. Ij . S. Native of the Burman
empire, on the banks of the Irrawaddi at Henzrava ; and at
Chittagong. Capsules combined.
Silky Nauclea. Shrub.
6 N. BRUNONIS (Wall. cat. no. 6097.) branches obscurely
tetragonal ; leaves broad, roundish, cordate at the base, smooth
above and pubescent beneath, as well as on the petioles ; pedun-
cles terminal, trichotomously panicled : the middle ones shortest ;
stamens exserted ; fruit combined ; stipulas elliptic, obtuse,
pubescent. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies, at Plavong.
Brown's Nauclea. Shrub.
7 N. BARTLI'NGII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 344.) branches from
compressed to terete ; leaves nearly sessile, cordate at the base,
oblong, acute, shining above, at length glabrous, pubescent be-
neath as well as the branchlets ; stipulas ovate, obtuse, pubes-
cent on the outside, deciduous, longer than the petioles ; pe-
duncles terminal, solitary ; fruit united, rather tomentose. Tj .
S. Native of Luzon, near Sorzogon. N. moll is, Bartl. in herb.
Hsenke, but not of Blume. Heads size and form of the fruit of
Pldtanus.
Bartling's Nauclea. Tree 20 feet.
8 N. DIVERSIFOLIA (Wall. cat. no 6096.) branchlets tetra-
gonal ; leaves of various sizes and shapes, but usually elliptic,
obtuse at the apex, and somewhat cordate at the base, smooth,
on longish petioles : peduncles terminal, trichotomously panicled :
the middle one always short ; heads globose ; fruit combined ;
stamens exserted. tj . S. Native of the East Indies, in various
parts of the Burmese empire.
Diverse-leaved Nauclea. Shrub.
9 N. POLYCE'PHALA (Wall. cat. no. 6100.) leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, long-acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles forming a ter-
minal panicle ; heads small ; fruit combined. Jj . S. Native of
the East Indies, on the mountains of Silhet.
Many-headed Nauclea. Shrub.
§ 2. Capsules distinct in the heads.
10 N. MACROPHY'LLA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 120.) arboreous ;
leaves stem-clasping, very broad, oval, obtuse, villous on the nerves
beneath ; stipulas linear-lanceolate ; peduncles terminal, solitary,
recurved ; capsules distinct. T; • S. Native of Amboyna.
Trunk of tree straight, like that of a pine or fir. Branches de-
cussate. Leaves 8-24 inches long, and 6-8 inches broad. Pe-
d'.'ncles length of the stipulas ; each supporting a head of
numerous, short, beautiful pale yellow sweet-smelling flowers,
which is 3 inches in diameter. Stigmas exserted, pure white.
Placentas to which the seeds are attached linear.
Long-leaved Nauclea. Tree 30 to 40 feet.
UN. SESSIMF6LIA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 124.) arboreous;
leaves oblong, sessile, rather cordate at the base and clasping
the stem, rounded at the apex ; heads terminal, solitary ; cap-
sules distinct, 4-valved. T? . S. Native of the East Indies, in
the forests of Chittagong. The rest unknown.
Sessile-leaved Nauclea. Tree.
12 N. OVALIFOLIA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 124.) arboreous;
leaves sessile, oval, or elliptic ; heads of flowers terminal, soli-
tary. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies, in the forests of Silhet,
where it is called Shal by the natives. The rest unknown.
Oval-leaved Nauclea. Tree.
13 N. CADA'MBA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 121.) arboreous, gla-
brous ; branches brachiate ; leaves petiolate, coriaceous, ovate,
obtuse at the base, and acuminated at the apex ; stipulas trian-
gular ; peduncles terminal, solitary, usually shorter than the
heads, which are globose ; lobes of calyx linear ; stamens exserted,
shorter than the lobes of the corolla, fj . S. Native of the East
Indies, about Calcutta ; and of Malabar. Katon-jaka, Rheed.
mal. 3. t. 33. and therefore Cephalanthus orientalis, Lin. spec,
ed. 1. p. 95. N. citrifolia, Poir. diet. 4. p. 435. Flowers
orange-coloured, collected into heads about the size of a small
apple (Roxb.). Style white, exserted ; stigma thickish, oblong.
Capsules distinct, 4-celled at top. Seeds not winged. Leaves
5-10 inches long. Kudumbais the native name of the tree. It
is common about Calcutta, where it grows to be a large tree,
and is not only highly ornamental, but very useful from the ex-
tensive close shade it yields.
Cadamba Nauclea. Clt. ? Tree 30 to 40 feet.
14 N. PARVIFO'LIA (Roxb. FIG. 83.
cor. 1. p. 40. t. 52. fl. ind. 2.
p. 122.) arboreous, glabrous ;
branches brachiate; leaves pe-
tiolate, obovate, obtuse, or short
acuminated ; stipulas oval ; pe-
duncles terminal, solitary, or by
threes, when 3 the middle one
is shortest ; heads globose, bi-
bracteate ; limb of calyx trun- 'WfflJJl'' ""IJ1Wi§\H^7
cate. \. S. Native of the
East Indies, almost every where ;
and is a native of all the coast w „,,,,,, VVu;7a,
of Coromandel, but chiefly in
the mountains and in the Philippines. Ham. in Lin. trans.
15. p. 94. N. parviflora, Pers. ench. 1. p. 202. Wall,
in litt. N. orientalis, Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 151. t. 30. exclusive
of the synonymes, ex Ham. Branches numerous, spreading,
forming a large oval shady head. Heads of flowers light yellow,
globular, size of a plum. Anthers on short filaments. Style
much exserted. The wood is of a light chestnut colour, firm
and close grained ; is used for various purposes, where it can
be kept dry, but exposed to wet it soon rots. (f. 83.)
Small-leaved Nauclea. Tree 30 to 40 feet.
15 N. OLA'BRA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 121.) leaves elliptic,
smooth ; stipulas linear ; peduncles terminal by threes ; lobes
of calyx triangular ; stigma globose ; cells of capsule 3-4-
seeded. Pj . S. Native of the Moluccas. The leaves, accord-
ing to Blum, bijdr. p. 1009. are oval, bluntish, attenuated at the
base ; and the peduncles are trifid from the falling of the leaves.
Glabrous Nauclea. Tree.
16 N. MISSIO'NIS (Wall. cat. no. 6099.) leaves lanceolate,
glabrous ; peduncles terminal, solitary, bracteate at the base ;
fruit distinct. 17.8. Native of the East Indies. N. orientalis,
Herb. Madras. Stipulas lanceolate, acute.
Mission Nauclea. Shrub.
17 N. EXCE'LSA (Blum, bijdr. 1009.) leaves oval, acute,
rounded at the base, coriaceous, glabrous ; stipulas oblong,
obtuse, pubescent ; peduncles terminal by threes (or trifid from
So 2
'-I
468
RUBIACEjE. I. NAUCLEA.
the leaves having fallen). Tj . S. Native of Java, in the moun-
tain woods of Seribu and Panang. Said to be allied to N .
glabra. Heads of flowers globose. Fruit sometimes sessile and
sometimes pedicellate, but probably from abortion.
Tall Nauclea. Tree 30 to 40 feet.
18 N. OBTU'SA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1009.) leaves obovate-oblong,
obtuse, coriaceous, glabrous, downy in the axils of the veins
beneath; stipulas oblong, obtuse; peduncles solitary or by
threes, terminal, length of petioles. f? . S. Native of Java, in
the woods on Mount Tjerimai.
Obtuse-leaved Nauclea. Tree.
19 N. STELLA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 6102.) branches terete,
smooth ; leaves lanceolate, glabrous ; peduncles solitary, ter-
minal, bearing each a globose crowded head of flowers. lj . G.
Native of Cochin-china. Cepbalanthus stellatus, Lour. coch.
Flowers apparently red.
Stellate Nauclea. Shrub.
20 N. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Roxb. fl. hid. 2. p. 124.) arboreous;
leaves petiolate, roundish-oval, obtuse ; stipulas oblong, obtuse,
many-nerved; heads terminal, on short peduncles; capsules
distinct. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies, in Chittagong ;
and of the Society Islands. The rest unknown.
Round-leaved Nauclea. Tree.
21 N. AFRICA'NA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 929.) shrubby, smooth-
ish ; leaves oval, acute, petiolate ; stipulas oblong, acute ; pe-
duncles short, terminal, solitary, rarely by threes; bearing each
a globose head of flowers ; tube of calyx short, truncate ;
anthers exserted, reflexed. P? . S, Native of Guinea, at Cape
Coast, and Senegal, and all along the western coast of Africa.
Uncaria inermis, Willd. in Ust. del. 2. p. 199. t. 3. N. Afri-
cana, Schum. pi. guin. p. 104. Cephalanthus Africanus, Reichb.
in Sieb. fl. exsic. seneg. no. 20. Flowers red.
Var. ft, Luzoniensis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 345.) pubescent ; leaves
pubescent beneath, but less so above ; throat of corolla densely
bearded. Jj . S. Native of the island of Luzon, one of the
Philippines. N. AfricSna, Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea. 4.
p. 140. Perhaps a proper species.
African Nauclea. Shrub 6 to 1 0 feet.
22 N. CIKCHOKM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 345.) leaves ovate, ob-
tuse at the base, and acutish at the apex, glabrous above, pale
beneath and rather pilose on the nerves ; panicle terminal,
elongated : having the branchlets opposite, and each bearing a
globose head of flowers, 3-5 in number ; bracteas ovate-oblong,
deflexed, under the branchlets of the panicle I? . S. Native
of South America, probably in Peru. Cinchona globifera,
Pav. quinol. ined. N. polycephala, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist,
nat. par. 5. p. 289. Heads dense, many-flowered. Flowers
velvety on the outside. Fruit unknown. Perhaps a species of
Cephalanthus, but differs from that genus in the flowers being
pcntamerous.
Cinchona Nauclea. Shrub.
!33 N. MICROCE'PHALA (Delile, in Caill. pi. afr. p. 67. no. 54.)
shrubby, glabrous ; leaves 4 in a whorl, lanceolate, tapering into
the pejioles ; stipulas united into a 4-toothed ring ; peduncles
axillary, smooth, slender, longer than the petioles ; heads of
flowers globose ; calyxes and corollas small, pubescent. Tj . S.
Native of the north of Africa, at Singue.
Small-headed Nauclea. Shrub.
24 N. LANCEOLA TA (Blum, bijdr, p. 1009.) leaves on short
petioles, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, coriaceous,
glabrous ; stipulas oblong, obtuse ; peduncles terminal, solitary.
^ • S. Native of the west of Java, in mountain woods. Ce-
phalanthus orientalis, Blum. cat. hort. buitenz. p. 38. Flowers
varying to tetrandrous.
Lanceolate-leaved Nauclea Shrub.
25 N. GRANDIFOUA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 345.) leaves rather
large, obovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse, acute at the base, rather
undulated, glabrous ; stipulas oval, about equal in length to
the petioles ; peduncles terminal, solitary, length of petioles.
1?. S. Native of Java. N. macrophylla, Blum, bijdr. p. 1010.
but not of Roxb. There is a variety of this species in the
province of Bantam, having the leaves all obovate and undulated,
and another in the province of Rembang having larger and more
undulated leaves.
Great-leaved Nauclea. Tree or shrub.
26 N. CORDA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1011. but not of Roxb.)
leaves roundish-cordate, retuse at the apex, glabrous ; stipulas
oblong-roundish, united at the base, length of petioles ; peduncles
terminal, solitary. ^ . S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak.
Cordate-leaved Nauclea. Shrub or tree.
27 N. ORIENTALS (Lam. ill. 153. f. 1.) arboreous, glabrous;
leaves oval-oblong, on short petioles, smooth ; stipulas oblong ;
peduncles axillary, opposite : upper ones solitary, 3 times longer
than the heads of flowers, which are globose. (7 . S. Native of
the East Indies, Java, and China. Poir. diet. 4. p. 435. Blum,
bijdr. p. 1006. Ham. in Lin. trans. 15. p. 94. — Bancalus,
Rumph. amb. 3. t. 55. f. 1. Anthers inclosed. Style much
exserted ; stigma ovate.
Eastern Nauclea. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
28 N. CANE'SCENS (Bartl. in herb. Hsenke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 346.) branches tetragonal, velvety ; leaves on short petioles,
elliptic, short-acuminated, glabrous above and canescent be-
neath ; peduncles compressed : lower ones axillary, opposite :
the upper ones from the falling of the leaves appear racemose,
and are as well as the heads tomentose ; lobes of calyx linear,
obtuse. T?.S. Native of the Island of Luzon. Stipulas deciduous,
at the sides of the leaves, oblong -linear, twin, on both sides in the
upper part of the racemes.
Canescent Nauclea. Shrub or tree.
29 N. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 340.) glabrous; branchlets tetragonal; leaves petiolate,
roundish-cordate, short-acuminated, paler beneath ; peduncles
axillary, opposite, solitary, compressed, articulated in the mid-
dle; heads globose, tomentose; segments of the calyx ovate,
obtuse. Jj . S. Native of the Island of Luzon. Corolla hoary
from tomentum ; with an elongated tube ; and roundish lobes.
The sterile peduncles become hardened and hooked, as in the
genus Uncaria.
Round-leaved Nauclea. Tree or shrub.
SECT. II. PENTACORY'NA (from irevre, pente, five, and icopvvij,
coryne, a club ; in reference to the 5 club-shaped lobes of the
calyx). D. C. prod. 4. p. 346. Segments of calyx (or brac-
teoles) elongated and club-shaped.
30 N. CORDIFOLIA (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 40. t. 53. fl. ined. 2. p.
122.) arboreous ; leaves petiolate, roundish-cordate, villous be-
neath ; stipulas oval , peduncles 1-3 together, axillary ; bearing
each a globose head of flowers ; lobes of calyx and stigmas
clavate. Jj . S. Native of Coromandel and Cottala, on the
mountains, in the southern peninsula of India. Petioles terete,
rather villous, equal in length to the peduncles. Flowers yel-
lowish. Seed 6 in each cell of the capsule, membranaceously
winged, never imbricated, but bifid at the apex. Leaves 4-12
inches each way, on petioles from 2-3 inches long. Peduncles
downy, from 1-4. The wood is exceedingly beautiful, its colour
is like that of box-wood, but much lighter, and at the same
time very close-grained. It is to be had of a large size, from
1-2 feet or more in diameter, and is used for almost every
purpose, where it can be kept dry. For furniture it answers
exceedingly well, being light and durable. This is probably the
N. sterculiasfolia, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 289.
Heart-leaved Nauclea. Tree 40 to 50 feet.
RUBIACE^E. I. NAUCLEA. II. UNCARIA.
469
31 N. PURPI/REA (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 41. t. 54. fl. ind. 2. p.
123.) sub-arboreous, glabrous; leaves petiolate, oval-oblong,
acuminated, smooth ; stipulas oval, obtuse, large, deciduous ;
peduncles terminal, solitary, or by threes, bracteate in the
middle ; lobes of calyx 5, clavate. Tj . S. Native of the East
Indies, in the moist valleys up amongst the Circar mountains.
Cephalanthus Chinensis, Lam. diet. 1. p. 678. exclusive of the
syn. of Rumph. Branches decussate. Leaves shining. Heads
of flowers large, purple. Capsules turbinate, dehiscing from
the base. Seeds imbricate, winged.
Purple-fiov:cred Nauclea. Tree 20 feet.
32 N. ROXBU'RGII ; shrub glabrous ; leaves roundish, obtuse,
cordate at the base, on long petioles ; stipulas large, oblong,
obtuse. \j . S. Native of the East Indies. N. stipulacea,
Roxb. herb.
Roxburgh's Nauclea. Shrub.
33 N. PEDUNCULA'RIS (Wall. cat. no. 6091.) arborescent,
smooth ; leaves ovate-elliptic, coriaceous, acuminated, smooth ;
peduncles terminal by threes, not so long as the upper pair of
leaves ; heads of flowers globose. 17 . S. Native of Pulo
Penang. N. purpurea, Roxb. herb. Flowers purplish ?
Peduncular Nauclea. Shrub.
34 N. CALYCINA (Bartl. in Haenke herb, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 346.) glabrous; leaves petiolate, oblong, attenuated at both
ends; stipulas deciduous; peduncles terminal, solitary, or by
threes, bearing caducous bracteas under the apex ; lobes of
calyx 5, clavate ; style not exserted. Jj . S. Native of the
Island of Luzon, one of the Philippines. Very nearly allied to
N, purpurea, and is probably the same, but the calyx is pale,
not purple, and the branches are tetragonally compressed, not
terete.
Large-calyxed Nauclea. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
35 N. STIPULA'CEA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 346.) arboreous; leaves
broad-obovate, glabrous, downy on the nerves on the under
surface, as well as on the petioles and branchlets ; stipulas ovate,
large, leafy ; heads of flowers globose ; corolla villous on the
outside ; calyx quite entire, truncate ; bracteoles or lobes of
calyx 5, club-shaped. Tj . S. Native of Africa, on the banks
of the Gambia near Albreda. N. macrophylla. Perr. et Leprieur.
mss. but not of Roxb. nor Blum. The dehiscence of the cap-
side exhibits distinct carpella within the calycine tube, which
is cleft lengthwise ; the segments cohering at the apex, and prop-
ped by 5 claviform bracteoles on the outside.
Sltpulaceous Nauclea. Tree 20 to 40 feet ?
t Species not sufficiently known.
36 N. MORIND^EFOLIA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1011.) arboreous:
leaves oval, acute, rounded at the base, ribbed, glabrous, bear-
ing depressed glands in the axils of the ribs on the under sur-
face ; stipulas spatulate, coloured, viscid, one half shorter than
the petioles. ^ . S, Native of Java, on Mount Salak. Flowers
unknown.
Morinda-leaved Nauclea. Tree.
37 N. MO'LLIS (Blum, bijdr. p. 1010.) leaves rather large,
oval, acute, rounded at the base, sometimes subcordate, gla-
brous above but rather villous beneath and on the branches ;
stipulas oval, obtuse, rather villous beneath. f; . S. Native of
Java, on Mount Salak. Flowers unknown. Allied to N. ma-
crophylla, Roxb.
Soft Nauclea. Tree.
Cult. All the species of this genus are of the most easy
culture. A mixture of loam, sand, and peat is the best soil for
them ; and cuttings root readily in the same kind of earth under
a hand-glass, in heat.
II. UNCA'RIA (from uncus, a hook; the old or inferior
peduncles are converted into hooked axillary spines). Schreb.
gen. no. 311. Roxb. and Wall, in fl. ind. 2. p. 125. but not of
Burch. D. C. prod. 4. p. 347. — Nauclea, sect. ii. Blum, bijdr.
p. 1011. — Ourouparia, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 177. Agylophora,
Neck, elem. no. 254. — Nauclea species, Lam. Willd. Juss. and
Kunth.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. All as in Nauclea, but
differs in the flowers being less crowded on the receptacle.
Calyx tubularly urceolate, 5-cleft. Capsules pedicellate, clavate,
attenuated at the base. — Scandent shrubs, hanging to other
trees by the old peduncles, which are hooked for the purpose.
The greater portion are natives of India, but a few are natives
of America. The old or lower peduncles are converted into
compressed, hooked, axillary spines. Perhaps only a section of
the genus Nauclea.
1 U. GA'MBIR (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 126.) branches terete;
leaves ovate-oblong, acute, on short petioles, smooth on both
surfaces ; stipulas ovate ; peduncles axillary, solitary, opposite,
bracteolate in the middle : the lower ones sterile, and converted
into hooked spines. fj . ,_,. S. Native of Pulo-Penang, Su-
matra, Malacca, &c. Nauclea Gambir, Hunt, in Lin. trans. 9.
p. 218. t. 22. Fleming in asiat. res. 11. p. 187. Smith, in
Rees' cycl. vol. 24. no. 7. Hayn. getr. gew. 10. t. 3. U. jas-
minifolia, Wall. herb. Funis uncatus angustif61ius, Rumph.
amb. 5. p. 63. t. 34. f. 2. and 3. The upper peduncles bear
each a solitary, globular head of beautiful green and pink
flowers. Bracteas forming a 3 or 4-cleft annular, perianth-like
cup, about the middle of each peduncle. Calyx silky on the
outside. Corollas villous on the outside, and hairy in the center
of the inside. Capsules pedicellate, clavate, grooved longitudi-
nally. Seeds imbricate, winged. Gambier is the Malay name
of an extract prepared from the leaves of this plant, and one of
the drugs, if not the only one, formerly called Terra Japonlca
in Europe. For the following account of the tree we are in-
debted to Dr. Charles Campbell of Bencoolen, who says, " This
material is called by the Malays gambler. It is chewed by the
natives, mingled with betel-leaf and areca, after the manner in
which the cutch is used on the continent of India. With some
sweetness it has a more highly concentrated astringent principle
than terra Japonica. I am solicitous that a trial should also be
made of its power in tanning. In regard to the natural history
of the gambler, it is procured from a climber. It is the Funis
uncatus, or Daun gatta gambler of Rumph. amb. 5. t. 34. The
variety from which it is chiefly made is that denominated by
Rumphius the Funis uncatus angustifblius. The preparation is
simple ; the young shoot and leaves are shred, and bruised in
water for some hours, until a feculum is deposited ; this, inspis-
sated in the sun to the consistence of paste, is thrown into
moulds of a circular form, and in this state the gambier is brought
to market. Rumphius has fallen into error in asserting that
gambier is not made from this plant ; for in my journey to Co-
chin-china I had an opportunity of inspecting the whole process,
having resided some days at a small village near the foot of the
mountains, where the Sultan of Moco has established a colony
for the purpose of carrying on the manufacture to a considerable
extent. The price at which it can be procured from the northern
parts of this coast I have ascertained to be nearly 10 dollars
per hundred weight ; it can be supplied in any quantity desired,
for the plant abounds in these districts, and the mode of elicit-
ing the astringent matter is such as requires neither much atten-
tion nor labour." But Dr. Waliich has learned that in other
parts to the eastward of the Bay of Bengal, the process is
carried on by boiling the leaves and young shoots, evaporating
the decoction by fire, and the heat of the sun. When suffi-
ciently inspissated, it is spread out thin, and cut into little
square cakes and dried. The same substance is mentioned by
Marsden in his history of Sumatra at pp. 242 and 243, who
470
RUBIACE^E. II. UNCARIA.
refers for a particular detail of the cultivation of the plant and
manufacture of gambier to the 2d volume of the Transactions
of the Batavian Society. Mr. Hunter (Lin. trans. 9. p. 220.)
says, that in Prince of VVales's Island the substance is pre-
pared by boiling the leaves for an hour and a half, adding more
water as the first wastes, till towards the end of the process,
when it is inspissated to the consistence of thin syrup, and
when taken" off the fire and allowed to cool it becomes solid.
It is then cut into little square pieces, which are dried in the
sun, turning them frequently. The gambier, prepared accord-
ing to this process, is of a brown colour ; but prepared in the
way described by Dr. Campbell above, it is perfectly white. In
medicine it is found beneficial in anguina and aphthae, as well as
diarrhoea and dysentery. The drug is infused in water, to which
it gives the colour of black tea. By the Malays it is mixed
with lime, and applied externally to cuts, burns, boils, &c. The
finest is alone selected to chew along with leaves of betel,
in the same manner as cutch or kut, the catechu in other parts
of India. The brown being strong tasted and rank is exported to
China and Batavia, to be used in dyeing and tanning.
For the cultivation of the shrub a rich soil is preferred. It
gives the most luxuriant crop when the rains are frequent, but
does not thrive in grounds that are apt to be flooded. On this
account the side of a hill is esteemed better than any other
situation. The plants are propagated from seed ; and when they
are about 9 inches high they may be finally removed to the field,
and planted at distances of 8 or 9 feet. At the end of one year
from the time when they are planted in the field, a small crop
of leaves is obtained. A larger is got in eighteen months,
and the third at the end of two years, when the plants are at
their full growth. They continue in their prime, and admit of
being cut twice a-year, for the space of 20 or 30 years, pro-
vided care be taken to keep the ground clean, and the roots
free from weeds. Their tops must be cut to prevent them
growing to a greater height than 5 or 6 feet. It is said that
the young leaves produce the whitest substance. In Prince
of Wales's Island, gambier, if good, is sold for 8^ dollars per
pecul, while in the same island sago is sold for 3 dollars per
pecul ; hence the manufacturer is tempted to adulterate the
gambier with this article, which mixes intimately, but may be
easily detected by solution with water.
Gambler. Clt. 1825. Shrub cl.
2 U. A'CIDA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 129.) branches tetragonal,
smooth ; leaves ovate, acuminated, smooth on both surfaces ;
stipulas acuminated, twin on both sides ; peduncles axillary,
solitary, bearing each a single head of flowers, bracteolate in
the middle, but after flowering becoming recurved and spines-
cent. J? . ^. S. Native of the Island of Pulo-Penang, at
Soongey Clooan, ex Hunter; of Java, ex Blum, bijdr. 1011.;
also of the Moluccas, ex Rumph. Nauclea acida, Hunter, in
Lin. trans. 9. p. 223. Funis uncatus latifolius, Rumph. amb. 5.
p. 63. t. 34. f. 1. Nauclea longiflora, Poir. suppl. p. 63. —
Cinchona Kattu-Kambar, Keen, in Retz. obs. 4. p. 6. to which it
is nearly allied. The leaves have an acid taste.
Acid Uncaria. Shrub cl.
3 U. SCLEROPHY'LLA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 130.) branches te-
tragonal, pubescent ; leaves elliptic, short-pointed, stiff, rugged
beneath ; stipulas lateral, lunate, 2-lobed ; peduncles axillary,
solitary, simple, jointed, bracteolate above the middle, bearing
each one head of flowers, after flowering becoming recurved
and spinescent. Tj . w. S. Native of Pulo-Penang, on the top
of the mountain called Soongey Clooan. Nauclea sclerophylla,
Hunter, in Lin. trans. 9. p. 223. Leaves pubescent beneath.
Bracteas 6 in a whorl, at the joint of the peduncle. Calyx pu-
bescent outside. Corolla villous on the outside. Flowers on
long pedicels.
Hard-leaved Uncaria. Shrub cl.
4 U. OVALIFO'LIA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 128.) leaves oval, pe-
tiolate, acute, smooth on both surfaces ; peduncles axillary and
terminal, compound ; receptacle of flowers as well as the cap-
sules villous. T? . w. S. Native of Pulo-Penang. Leaves
sometimes obovate, from 3-6 inches long. Peduncles bearing
from 1-3 heads of flowers, on pedicels which are as long as
the common peduncle, and furnished with a sheathing 4-6-cleft
bractea in the middle of each. Petioles short, recurved, chan-
nelled.
Oval-leaved Uncaria. Shrub cl.
5 U. PILOSA (Roxb. et Wall, in fl. ind. 2. p. 130.) branches,
villous, obscurely tetragonal ; leaves oval, acuminated, some-
times subcordate, hairy on both surfaces, on very short petioles ;
stipulas bipartite or twin : segments lanceolate, acute, longer
than the petioles ; peduncles axillary, opposite, villous, divari-
cate, at length recurved and spinescent. Tj . w. S. Native of
Nipaul, in the valley in the forest of Sankoo, and at Bheempedi ;
and of Chittagong and Java. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 55.
t. 170. Nauclea scandens, Smith, in Rees's cycl. vol. 24.
no. 9. Nauclea pilosa, Blum, bijdr. p. 1013.? Branches
clothed with rusty hairs ; young shoots silky. Leaves from
5-7 inches long. Peduncles jointed, and bear a whorl of about
6 small linear-lanceolate bracteas, which are hairy without and
smooth within. Flowers hairy, whitish, forming round dense
heads of 2 inches in diameter. In the Java plant there are 4-6
ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, pilose, rather membranous brac-
teas in a whorl at the top of each peduncle, under the head of
flowers. Perhaps distinct from the plant of Roxburgh.
Pilose Uncaria. Shrub cl.
6 U. LANOSA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 131.) every part
of the plant is clothed with long rust-coloured hairs ; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, smooth above, on short petioles ;
stipulas twin, on both sides, ovate, membranous, recurved ; pe-
duncles axillary, opposite, short, at length converted into spinose
hooks ; corollas almost smooth ; capsules on long pedicels. ^ .
,_,. S. Native of Pulo-Penang and Sumatra, and other East
Indian islands. Nauclea lanosa, Poir suppl. 4. p. 54. Nauclea
setigera, Blum, bijdr. 1013. . Branches rather quadrangular.
Leaves 3-4 inches long. Stipulas hairy without, permanent.
Peduncles about an inch long, surrounded by a whorl of 4 lan-
ceolate bracteas. Capsules smooth, ash-coloured. In the Java
plant, the branches are almost smooth, hardly hispid ; and the
upper surfaces of the leaves are glabrous, or scarcely hispid, but
villous beneath from long adpressed hairs ; fruit oblong, gla-
brous, shorter than the pedicels ; lobes of calyx oblong, ciliated.
Woolly Uncaria. Shrub cl.
7 U. L^VIGA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 6111.) branches quadran-
gular, smooth ; leaves ovate-elliptic, acuminated, smooth ; pe-
duncles axillary, solitary, opposite, divaricate, bracteolate above
the middle, some of which are converted into hooked spines.
I? . w. S. Native of the Burman empire at Amherst. Fruit
sessile.
Smooth Uncaria. Shrub cl.
8 U. MACROPHY'LLA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 132.)
branches tetragonal, pubescent, with 2 opposite furrows ; leaves
petiolate, broad-ovate, acuminated, smooth and shining above,
villous beneath, coarsely nerved and reticulated ; stipulas cadu-
cous ; heads of flowers axillary, solitary, opposite, tomentose.
^ . w. S. Native of the East Indies, from Silhet. Leaves from
6-7 inches long. Peduncles opposite, axillary, and terminal, 2
inches long, covered with rusty hairs, about 5 lines under the
apex they are jointed and surrounded by a ring of 5-6 lanceo-
late, spreading, villous bracteas. Flowers covered with ash-
coloured dense pubescence.
Long-leaved Uncaria. Shrub cl.
RUBIACEjE. II. UNCARIA. III. ADINA.
471
9 U. INSI'GNIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 348.) branches acutely te-
tragonal ; leaves on short petioles, having a narrow cordate
recess at the base, roundish- elliptic, short-acuminated, shining
above, reticulately veined beneath, and canescent from down
between the veins ; peduncles axillary, solitary, recurved, com-
pressed ; flowers on long pedicels. fj . w. S. Native of the
island of Luzon, one of the Philippines. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft.
Corolla large, clothed with silky tomentum inside. Style ex-
serted. Ovarium containing 2 bodies, perhaps seeds or placentas.
Famous Uncaria. Shrub cl.
10 U. ELLI'PTICA (R. Br. in Wall. cat. no. 6104.) branches
rather tetragonal; leaves elliptic, acuminated, tapering at the
base, on longish petioles, glabrous except on the nerves be-
neath while young ; peduncles axillary, solitary, opposite, shorter
than the leaves, usually not longer than the petioles : the lower-
most ones converted into sterile hooked spines. fj.^.S. Native
of Pulo-Penang. Nauclea ovalif61ia, Roxb. herb. Corolla
downy outside.
Elliptic-leaved Uncaria. Shrub cl.
11 U. CIRRHIFLORA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 120.) leaves ovate-
oblong, smooth ; stipulas bifid ; peduncles recurved, floriferous
at the apex. T? . w. S. Native of the Malay Islands. The
rest unknown.
Tendril-flowered Uncaria. Shrub cl.
12 U. GLABRA TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 348.) leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, acuminated, glabrous as well as the branches, which are
tetragonal ; stipulas bifid ; peduncles solitary, spreading, arti-
culated above the middle, at length hooked. Jj . w. S. Native
of Java, on the mountains of Seribu. Nauclea glabrata, Blum,
bijdr. p. 1012. Allied to U, cirr/iifldra, Roxb. ex Blume.
Glabrous Uncaria. Shrub cl.
13 U. PEDICELLA'TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 119.) leaves oval,
acutish, rounded or subcordate at the base, shining above, reti-
culated beneath and clothed with rusty tomentum, as well as
the branches, which are tetragonal ; stipulas bifid ; peduncles
axillary, solitary, bearing each a single head of flowers, spread-
ing, articulated above the middle ; flowers on long pedicels.
Jj . w. S. Native of the Molucca islands, and probably of Pulo-
Penang and Java. Nauclea pedicellata, Blum, bijdr. p. 1012.
Flowers forming round heads of about an inch and a half in
diameter, covered with rusty tomentum. .
/Wice//afe-flowered Uncaria. Shrub cl.
14 U. SPECIOSA (Wall. cat. no. 6106.) branches tetragonal,
clothed with brown villi, as well as the under side of the leaves
and nerves on the upper side, petioles, peduncles, and calyxes ;
leaves pilose on both surfaces, ovate-elliptic, cordate at the base,
and short-acuminated at the apex, on very short petioles ; pe-
duncles axillary, solitary, opposite. I? . w. S. Native of Pulo-
Penang and Singapore. Nauclea cordifolia, herb. Findl. Heads
of flowers large. Calyx and fruit clothed with brown villi, and
the corolla with white. Flowers pedicellate. Lower peduncles
converted into spinose recurved hooks.
Showy Uncaria. Shrub cl.
15 U. FERRUGI'NEA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 348.) leaves ovate,
acuminated, rounded at the base, shining above, reticulated be-
neath and clothed with rusty tomentum as well as the brandies,
which are tetragonal; stipulas bipartite; peduncles solitary,
spreading, articulated in the middle. ^ . w. S. Native of
Java, on the mountains. Nauclea ferruginea, Blum, bijdr. p.
1013. Very like U. pedicellata, but differs in the flowers and
the capsules being 3 times smaller.
Rusty Uncaria. Shrub cl.
16 U. FE'RREA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves on very short petioles,
ovate-oblong, acuminated, rounded and subcordate at the base,
pubescent above, densely tomentose beneath, as well as on the
branches, which are obscurely tetragonal ; stipulas bifid ; pe-
duncles solitary, spreading, articulated in the middle. Tj . v_,. S.
Native of Java, on the mountains of Seribu. Nauclea ferrea,
Blum, bijdr. p. 1014.
Iron Uncaria. Shrub cl.
17 U. SESSILIFRU'CTUS (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 130.) leaves ellip-
tic, smooth, acuminated ; peduncles axillary, bearing from 1-3
heads of flowers : also terminal, bearing many heads of flowers ;
capsules sessile. Tj . w. G. Native of the East Indies, in the
forests of Chittagong. The shrub supports itself by strong
spiral axillary hooks. The terminal peduncles form themselves
into a kind of racemose panicle.
Sessile-fruited Uncaria. Clt. 1829. Shrub cl.
18 U. AFRICAVNA; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, on
short petioles ; flowers disposed in a loose globular head ; heads
terminal ; calyx and corolla villous on the outside ; hooks axil-
lary, twisted, or reflexed. TZ . w. S. Native of Sierra Leone, on
the banks of rivulets. Corolla greenish yellow.
African Uncaria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet, cl.
19 U. GUIANE'NSIS (Gmel. syst. 1. p. 370.) branchlets tetra-
gonal ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, glabrous ; stipulas solitary,
on both sides, triangular ; peduncles solitary, bracteolate in the
middle, axillary, opposite, and terminal : lower ones sterile and
converted into flat, hooked spines, fj . w. S. Native of Guiana,
on the banks of rivers and rivulets. Ourouparia Guianensis,
Aubl. guian. 1. p. 177. t. 68. Nauclea aculeata, Lam. ill. t.
153. f. 2. Poir. diet. 4. p. 436. Hayn. term. bot. t. 29. f. 5.
U. aculeata, Willd. in Ust. del. opusc. 2. p. 200. The flowers
in the same head are variable in colour, yellow, white, green,
red, rufous, and blackish : they are very fragrant.
Guiana Uncaria. Shrub cl.
20 U. TOMENTOSA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 349.) arboreous ;
branches somewhat quadrangular, downy ; leaves ovate-elliptic,
acute, clothed with fine pubescent tomentum beneath, and shin-
ing above with the nerves downy ; stipulas broad ovate ; pe-
duncles villous, disposed in a terminal panicle : and the lower-
most ones converted into axillary hooks. Tj . w. S. Native of
New Granada, on the banks of the river Magdalena. near Naers.
Nauclea tornentosa, Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 221.
N. aculeata, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 282. Corolla
clothed with silky pubescence on the outside. Peduncles also
axillary, bearing 1-3 stalked heads.
Tomentose Uncaria. Tree.
Cult. See Nauclea, p. 469. for culture and propagation.
III. ADTNA (from a^ti'oe, adinos, crowded ; in reference to
the flowers being disposed in heads). Salisb. par. lond. t. 115.
Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 403. D. C.prod. 4. p. 349. — Nauclea
species of some.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an oblong
tube, and a campanulate 5-parted, permanent limb (f. 84. a.).
Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-lobed (f. 84. b. c.) ; throat glabrous ;
lobes valvate in aestivation. Anthers almost sessile (f. 84. e.~), at
the recesses between the lobes, inclosed. Style exserted (f'. 84.
d.) ; stigma capitate-ovate. Capsule membranous, ob-pyramidal,
2-celled ; valves 4 (f. 84. g.), dehiscing from theapex ; central axis
permanent, bearing the calyx at the apex. Seeds 2-4 in each
cell, oblong, marginate (f. 84. h.~), inserted near the top of the
cell, hanging by spongy funicles. — Glabrous shrubs, natives of
China. Branches terete, opposite. Stipulas twin, on both sides,
joined at the base, yellowish, lanceolate. Leaves lanceolate, gla-
brous. Peduncles axillary, rarely terminal, solitary. Heads of
flowers globose, without any involucra, yellowish. Flowers ses-
sile, crowded, intermixed with paleae. Receptacle pilose. — This
genus is intermediate between Nauclea and Cephalanthus, and
probably not distinct from the first.
472
RUBIACEjE. III. ADIKA. IV. BREONIA. V. LECANANTHUS. VI. STEVENSIA. VII. COUTAREA.
FIG. 84.
1 A. GLOBIFLORA (Salisb. par.
lond. t. 115.) leaves lanceolate;
peduncles shorter than the leaves.
»2 . G. Native of China. Nau-
clea Adina, Smith, in Rees's
cycl. vol. 24. Lindl. bot. reg.
t. 895. Sims, bot. mag. 2613.
Lodd. bot. cab. 1284. (f. 84.)
Globc-floivered Adina. Fl.
July, Aug. Clt. 1804. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
2 A. PEDCNCULA'RIS (D. C.
prod. 4. p. 349.) leaves obovate-
lanceolate ; peduncles twice the
length of the leaves. (3 . G.
Native of China. Nauclea adi-
noides, Lindl. bot. reg. p. 895.
Peduncular Adina. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.? Shrub.
Cult. The culture and propagation of the species of Adina
are the same as those of Nauclea, p. 469, but do not require
so much heat.
IV. BREO'NIA (this name is not explained, but is perhaps so
called after some botanist of the name of Breon). A. Rich. mem.
soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 290. D. C. prod. 4. p. 620.
LIN. SYST. Pentdiidria, Monogynia. Calyx with a 5-parted
limb, and truncate sub-cuneated lobes. Corolla with a terete
tube, and a flat, spreading, 5-lobed limb : having the lobes oval-
lanceolate. Stamens half exserted, inserted in the throat of the
corolla. Style very long, exserted ; stigma bipartite, with the
lobes approximate. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 7-8-ovulate ; ovu-
las fixed to the membranous placentas, which hang from the axis.
Fruit somewhat crustaceous, indehiscent. — A tree. Leaves
opposite, very large. Stipulas connate. Flowers disposed in
axillary, solitary, globose heads, which stand on long peduncles ;
each peduncle girded by a beaked involucrum, which at length
bursts on one side and falls off". — This genus is nearly allied to
Nauclea, but probably referrible to Sarcocephalece, by the fruit
being indehiscent.
1 B. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (A. Rich. 1. c.). I? . S. Native of
Madagascar.
Madagascar Breonia. Tree.
Cult. See Nauclea, p. 409. for culture and propagation.
V. LECANA'NTHUS (from \eicavn, lecane, a bowl, and
avfloc, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the cup-like involucrum
under the head of flowers). Jack, mal. misc. vol. 2. ex Wall.
in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 319. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par.
5. p. 293. D. C. prod. 4. p. 620.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx cam-
panulate, dilated, coloured, divided irregularly. Corolla with a
short tube, and a 5-lobed limb, which is valvate in aestivation.
Anthers large, inserted in the tube of the corolla. Style bifid ;
stigmas linear, thick. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells many-seeded ;
placentas semi-cylindrical or convex, central. The rest un-
known.— A radicant shrub, with tetragonal stems, with 2 of the
angles more prominent than the other 2. Leaves opposite, on
short petioles. Stipulas ligulate. Flowers pale red, disposed
in terminal, dense, globular heads ; each head involucrated by
a salver-shaped involucrum. — This genus is nearly allied to
Nauclea.
1 L. ERUBE'SCENS (Jack, 1. c.). T? . S. Native of Singapore.
Leaves on short petioles, ovate-lanceolate, acute at both ends,
about 8 inches long. The involucrum which surrounds each
head of flowers is entire and cup-shaped. Flowers sessile.
Ovarium crowned by a prominent nectareal ring.
Reddish-fiowereA Lecananthus. Shrub.
Cult. See Nauclea, p. 469. for culture and propagation.
SUBTRIBE II. CINCHO'NEJi (shrubs and trees agreeing
with Cinchona in important characters). D. C. prod. 4. p. 349.
— Cinchonese and Manettieae, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea.
4. p. 178. Flowers on longer or shorter pedicels, not seated
on a globose receptacle, as in those of the first subtribe. (f. 86.
f. 88. f. 89.)
VI. STEVE'NSIA (in honour of Edward Stevens, who
rendered important services to St. Domingo, while he was consul
of the United States there). Poit. ann. mus. 4. p. 235. t. 60.
Geertn. fruct. 3. p. 99. t. 197. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 389.
but not of Neck.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with a sub-
globose tube, girded at the base by an unequally 4-lobed invo-
lucel; limb biparted, deciduous: having acute lobes. Corolla
salver-shaped, with a short tube and a spreading bluntly 6-7-
parted limb. Anthers 6-7, sessile in the throat of the tube.
Stigma bilamellate. Capsule globose, areolate at the apex, and
pubescent in the areolae, 2-celled, containing 2 cocculi, which
are separable from the calyx : one of them only dehiscent.
Placentas central, connecting the margins of the valves. Seeds
minute, numerous, oval, winged a little, rather pubescent
at the apex. Embryo straight in the fleshy albumen : having
the radicle turned towards thehylum. — A much branched shrub,
native of St. Domingo ; having the branches clothed with resin.
Leaves oval, white beneath, finely reticulated. Stipulas joined
into a short sheath. Flowers axillary, solitary, white, on short
pedicels, girded by 4 concrete bracteas, forming a kind of invo-
lucel to each flower.
1 S. BUXIFO'LIA (Poit. 1. c.). ^.S. Native of St. Domingo,
near La Vigie du Cap Francais.
Box-leaved Stevensia. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
Cult. See Nauclea, p. 469. for cultuie and propagation.
VII. COUTA'REA (this name is not explained by Aublet).
Aubl. guian. 1. p. 314. t. 122. Juss. gen. 202. mem. mus. 6.
p. 388. Gsertn. fr. 3. p. 79. t. 194. D. C. prod. 4. p. S50.
— Portlandia species, Schreb.
LIN. SYST. Hexdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a turbinately
oblong tube, and a 6-parted limb : having the segments subu-
late. Corolla large, funnel-shaped, with a short tube, an obco-
nical ventricose throat, and a bluntly 6-lobed limb. Stamens
inserted at the bottom of the throat ; anthers linear, much ex-
serted. Stigma furrowed. Capsule coriaceously chartaceous,
obovate, compressed, 2-celled ; valves bifid at the apex. Pla-
centas spongy, at length nearly free. Seeds compressed, erect,
girded by a membranous margin. Embryo long, in fleshy
albumen : having a centripetal radicle, and flat cotyledons. —
South American trees. Leaves ovate, acuminated, on short
petioles ; Stipulas broad, short, acute. Peduncles usually trifid,
axillary, and terminal. Flowers white, sometimes septamerous.
This genus comes very near to Portlandia.
1 C. SPECIOSA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 304. t. 122.) leaves gla-
brous on both surfaces ; peduncles trifid, 3-flowered ; corolla
broad, funnel-shaped, fj . S. Native of Guiana, Cayenne,
Island of Trinidad, and Carthagena, and between Caraccas and
La Guayra, among bushes. Lam. ill. t. 157. Portlandia hex-
andra, Jacq. amer. 63. t. 182. f. 20. Swartz, fl. ind. occid. 1.
p. 385. The tree is much branched at the top. Corolla large,
purple, ex Aubl.
Showy Coutaria. Clt. 1803. Tree 25 feet.
RUBIACEJE. VII. COUTAREA. VIII. HILLIA. - IX. HYMENOPOGON. X. CINCHONA.
473
2 C. CAMPANI'LLA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 350.) leaves glabrous
above, but villous beneath as well as the calyxes and peduncles ;
peduncles trifid, 3-flowered. Jj . S. Native of South America,
about the Caraccas, where it was collected by Vargas, who says
it is called Camjanilla by the natives. Flowers and fruit one
half smaller than those of C. speciosa, and the capsule is less
compressed, and ribless.
Campanilla Coutarea. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
3 C. MEXICA'NA (Zucc. et Mart, in litt. 1829. ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 350.) leaves glabrous on both surfaces; peduncles 1-
flowered, bibracteolate at the base ; corolla funnel-shaped, with
very blunt lobes. Tj . S. Native of Mexico.
Mexican Coutarea. Shrub or tree.
t Species hardly known.
4 C. LATIFLO'RA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C.
prod. 4. p. 350.) pedicels 1 -flowered, bractless ; the diameter
of the flower equal to its length. ^ . S. Native of Mexico,
where it is called Copalchi by the natives. Leaves oval, attenu-
ated at the base. Pedicels axillary, usually twin. Corolla white.
Stigma bilamellate. Capsule less compressed, ornamented with
6 ribs and scattered tubercles.
Broad-flowered Coutarea. Shrub or tree.
5 C. FLAVE'SCEKS (Moc. et Sesse, 1. c. ex D. C. 1. c.) pedicels
numerous, bractless ; the diameter of the flower almost one half
smaller than its length. fy . S. Native of Mexico. Superior
leaves sometimes by threes, oval, attenuated at the base. Pe-
duncles 3 in a whorl, twice bifid, only bracteate under the rami-
fications. Flowers yellowish, smaller and narrower than in the
preceding species.
Yellowish -flowered Coutarea. Shrub or tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Nauclca, p. 469.
VIII. Hl'LLIA (named after Sir John Hill, a voluminous
botanical author). Jacq. amer. p. 96. t. 66. Lin. gen. no. 444.
Lam. ill. t. 257. Gsertn. fruct. 3. p. 97. t. 197. Juss. mem.
mus. 6. p. 388. D. C. prod. 4. p. 350. — Fereiria, Vand. in
Rcem. script, p. 98. t. 6. ex icon.
LIN. SYST. Tetra-Hexandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ob-
ovate tube, girded by a 2-4-leaved involucel at the base ; limb
2-4-parted: segments narrow, acute, permanent. Corolla with
a long terete tube, a short ventricose throat, and a 4-6-parted
limb (f. 85. 6.), with spreading flat oval lobes. Stamens 4-6,
sessile beneath the mouth of the tube, inclosed (f. 85. c.).
Stigma thick, bifid (f. 85. d.). Capsule elongated, 2-celled,
crowned by the limb of the calyx ; cells dehiscing from the top
inside. Placentas 2, central. Seeds imbricated downwards,
rather compressed, ending each in a pencil-formed tail (f. 85. e.}.
Embryo straight, in sparing fleshy albumen ; having the radicle
turned towards the hylum. — Small glabrous shrubs or subshrubs.
Leaves obovate, green, rather fleshy. Stipulas oval, membra-
nous, foliaceous, deciduous, the 2
upper ones constituting an invo-
lucel. Flowers terminal, soli-
tary, elongated, white. Fruit
follicle-formed.
1 H. LONGIFLORA (Swartz, obs.
p. 135. t. 5. f. 1.) flowers hexan-
drous ; corollas 6-cleft, with li-
near-lanceolate, rather revolute
segments. Ij . S. Native of Ja-
maica, Guadaloupe, Martinico,
Cuba, the hotter parts of Mexico,
on the decayed parts of old trees,
and among moss. H. parasitica,
VOL. III.
FIG. 85.
Jacq. amer. p. 96. t. 66. Perhaps there are two species confused
under this name. Lobes of calyx, ex Jacq. 6, but according to
Swartz 2-4, and in the specimens examined only 2. The involucel,
according to Swartz, is 6-leaved, but according to Jacquin and the
specimen examined only 2-leaved, constantly composed of the 2
superior stipulas. The branches, according to Swartz and Jac-
quin, are terete, but according to the figure in the fl. mex. and
the specimen examined tetragonal. In the figure of bot. mag.
t. 721. the branches are round, the leaves ovate, smooth ; the
involucel of 2 leaves, limb of the corolla of 6 twisted seg-
ments, and the limb of the calyx apparently 6-cleft. The flowers
are white and very fragrant.
Long-flowered Hillia. Fl. Feb. March. Clt. 1789. Shrub
2 feet.
2 H. BRASILIE'NSIS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 4. p. 201.)
corollas 6-cleft, hexandrous : segments ovate-lanceolate, obtuse.
Tj . S. Native of Brasil. Leaves oval, acuminated. Tube of
corolla 3 inches long.
Brasilian Hillia. Shrub.
3 H. TETRA'NDRA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 630. icon. t. 11.)
flowers 4-cleft, tetrandrous : segments ovate. Tj . S. Native
of Jamaica, on the high mountains among the roots of bushes.
Leaves obovate, pale green. Roots creeping, tuberous. Lobes
of calyx 4, cuneate-oblong, 2 of which are deciduous. Leaves
of involucel 4, 2 of them smaller than the other two. Flowers
yellowisli-white, having the tube nearly an inch long and tetra-
gonal. Seeds pappose at the apex. — Perhaps H. Tuxtlensis,
Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined., which was collected about Tuxtla
in Mexico, is distinct from this species, in consequence of the
calvx being 2-lobed, and the involucel 2-leaved.
Tetrandrous Hillia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1793. Shrub 3
to 4 feet.
Cult. The species of this genus delight in a mixture of turfy
loam, peat, and sand ; and cuttings will soon strike root in the
same kind of soil, or in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
IX. HYMENO'POGON (from vpiv, hymen, a membrane,
and Trwywv, pogon, a beard ; the seeds are furnished with a mem-
branous appendage at each end). Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p.
156. D. C. prod. 4. p. 351. but not ofBeauv.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obovate
tube, and a 5-parted permanent limb. Corolla salver-shaped,
with a very long tube, and a 5-parted limb. Stamens 5, inserted
in the inflated apex of the tube, inclosed. Stigma oblong, 2-
lobed : lobes linear. Capsule oblong-clavate, 10-nerved, crowned,
2-celled; carpels dehiscing at the apex, cleft in the middle,
hence the capsule appears 4-valved. Placentas very narrow.
Seeds imbricated, linear, furnished with a membranous appen-
dage at both ends. — A small crooked shrub, with compressed
branchlets. Leaves approximate, acuminated, membranous, pu-
bescent above, and villous beneath. Stipulas permanent, mem-
branous, ovate, acute, ciliated. Corymbs nearly terminal,
trichotomous, bracteate. Flowers very long, white, inodorous,
pubescent.
1 H. PARASI'TICUS (Wall. 1. c.) Jj . S. Native of the East
Indies, growing on trees, and sometimes on rocks, on Sheopore,
Chandagiri, near Hetounra, and between that place and Chit-
long. Stems rooting, as well as the branches, covered with
pale ash-coloured bark. Leaves 5-7 inches long. Seeds linear,
smooth, terminated by a long linear membranous, sometimes
bifid appendage, measuring altogether 3 lines in length.
Parasitic Hymenopogon. Shrub.
Cult. See Hillia above for culture and propagation.
X. CINCHO'NA (said to be named in honour of the Coun-
tess de Chinchon, vice queen of Peru, who was cured of a fever
3P
474
RUBIACE.E. X. CINCHONA.
in 1638 by this remedy). Lamb, cinch. D. Don, in Lin. trans,
vol. 17. D. C. 1806. bibl. univ. 1829. scienc. 2. p. 144. Humb.
et Bonpl. pi. equin. 2. t. 10. Roem. et Schultes, syst. no. 861.
— Cinch6na, sect. 1. Pers. ench. 1. p. 196. — Cinchona species,
Lin. Gaertn. Lam. Vahl. Juss. — Kinkina, Adans. fam. 2. p. 147.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed (f. 86. a.).
Corolla tubular: with a 5-lobed limb (f. 86. 6.), which is valvate in
aestivation. Anthers linear, semi-exserted (f. 86. c.). Stigma
2-lobed (f. 86. d.}. Capsule 2-celled, dehiscing at the dissepi-
ment (f. 86. g.), many seeded. Seeds samaroid, girded by a
membranous lacerated margin (f. 86. h.). — Trees, natives of
South America, from which the various kinds of Peruvian bark
are obtained. Leaves on short petioles, with flat margins. Sti-
pulas ovate or oblong, foliaceous, free, deciduous. Inflorescence
panicled. Flowers white or reddish. For the properties of
Cinc/ibna see La Condamine in act. acad. sc. par. 1 738. Vahl. in
act. soc. hist. nat. hafn. vol. 1. Lamb, cinch, in 4to. Lond. 1797.
Rhod. mon. cinch. Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. vol. 2. et 3. Ruiz,
quin. in 4to. Madr. 1792. et def. quin. 1802. Humb. diss. in
magaz. fr. nat. berl. 1807. Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. vol. 1.
Alibert, trait, fievr. pern. 8vo. 1799. ed. 2. 1800. ed. 3. 1801.
Fee, hist. nat. pharm. 2. p. 240.
§ 1. Capsule dehiscing at the base. — Normal species,
1 C. LANCEOLA'TA (Ruiz et FIG. 86.
Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 1. t. 223.)
leaves oval - lanceolate, acute,
naked on both surfaces, as well
as the branches, shining ; pani-
cle brachiate, much branched,
smooth ; calycine teeth ovate,
acuminated ; segments of corolla
linear-lanceolate ; stigma emar-
ginate ; capsule ovate, ribbed.
(7 . S. Native of Peru, in the
mountains of Loxa, and other
cold mountainous regions ; as
well as of New Granada, be-
tween Guaduas and Santa Fe de
Bogota, where it was collected
by Mutis. C. lancifolia, Mutis,
period, de Santa Fe, p. 465. Humb. in mag. der. gisell. nat. fr.
berl. 1807. p. 116. Alib. tract, des fievers, p. 374. C. nitida,
Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 50. t. 191. C. angustifolia, Ruiz et
Pav. quin. suppl. p. 14. with a figure. C. glabra, Ruiz, quin. 2.
p. 04. C. Cucumaefolia, Pavon, mss. Quinquina orange, Mutis,
quin. Cascarilla officinal. Ruiz, quin. p. 56. Cascarilla Lam-
pino, Ruiz, quin. 2. p. 64. Cinchona Condaminea, Humb. et
Bonpl. pi. equin. 1. p. 33. t. 10. Humb. in mag. der. gesell.
nat. fr. berl. 1807. p. 112. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 400. C. offi-
cinalis, Lin. syst. veg. ed. 10. p. 929. Condamine in mem.
de 1'Academie de Paris, 1738. p. 114. Lam. ill. t. 164. f. 1.
Vahl. skrivt. af. natur. selfkab 1. t. 1. Lamb. mon. t. 1.
C. stupea, Pav. mss. Cascarilla fna de Uritusinga of the Spa-
niards. This species varies extremely in the form of the leaves.
The celebrated Mutis has, with great propriety, considered his
C. lancifolia the quina Naranganda or Quinquina orange of
Santa Fe, as identical with the Quina fina de Uritucinga of
Humb. et Bonpl. C. Condaminea. Although it is probable that
several species of this important genus afford the Peruvian bark
of the shops, of these three only are admitted into our national
pharmacopoeias, to which the names of C. lancifolia, C. oblongi-
foha, and C. cordifolia have been applied, designating respec-
tively the pale, the red, and the yellow bark. The present
species was first described and figured by the astronomer Con-
9
damine in 1 738, in the mem. de 1'Acadamie. It is described
by Humboldt as a handsome tree of from 30 to 40 feet in height,
and exuding whenever it is wounded a yellow astringent juice.
The stipulas are acute and silky. The flowers are of a very pale
rose-colour, supported on pedicels, which are powdered and
silky, as well as the calyx. The tube of the corolla is silky,
and the border white and woolly above. This is the pale bark
of the shops.
Lanceolate-leaved Cinchona or Pale Peruvian-bark. Tree
30 to 40 feet.
2 C. CORDIFOLIA (Mutis, mss. Humb. in mag. &c. p. 117.
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 401.) leaves roundish-ovate, cordate at
the base or attenuated, rather pilose beneath and on the branch-
lets, naked and shining above j panicle brachiate, diffuse, pubes-
cent; teeth of calyx roundish-mucronulate ; corolla silky on the
outside : limb bearded ; stigma 2-lobed ; capsule oblong-ovate,
cylindrical, ribless. ^ . S. Native of Peru, on the mountains
of Loxa, in the kingdom of Quito ; and of New Granada.
Rhode, mon. p. 58. Steph. and Church, med. bot. 3. t. 175.
Quina amarilla. Genitals inclosed. Flowers pale red. This
species is totally distinct from Cinchona purpurea, hirsilta, and
ovata of Fl. peruv., which Humboldt and Bonpl. in their before-
mentioned work have given as synonymes of Mutis's plant. It
differs from C. ovata, Ruiz et Pav. the C. pubescens of Vahl,
with which it has the greatest affinity in the shorter petioles, by
the broader round teeth of the calyx, by the filaments being
twice longer, and, lastly, by its capsules being smooth, and with-
out ribs. The bark of this tree is known to the natives by the
name of Quina, amarilla, Cascarilla de Loxa, and Cascarilla
amarilla, and is the yellow or orange bark of the shops. It is
described as a middle-sized tree, with a trunk of moderate thick-
ness, and covered with smooth brownish bark ; the younger
branches are quadrangular. All the species of Cinchona vary
very much in the shape and smoothness of their leaves, accord-
ing to the altitude in which they grow, to the severity or mild-
ness of the climate, to the trees standing single, or being closely
surrounded by other plants, to the luxuriance of growth, and
the greater and less humidity of the soil. Cordate leaves occur
but seldom in the present species ; however, almost every
branch exhibits some of them.
Cinchona bark appears to have been long known as a medi-
cine in Peru ; but we have not a satisfactory account at what
period, nor by what means, the febrifugal virtues of this valuable
remedy were first discovered. Some say a patient had been
cured of an intermittent fever by having drank the water of a
lake, which had acquired a bitter taste from Cinchona trees
which had lain in it; others that a lion had cured himself of
the ague by instinctively chewing Cinchona bark, and had
directed the attention of the Indians to this tree. " That ani-
mals," observes Humboldt in his Dissertation on the Cinchona
forests of South America, " have taught men is a very common
form of the traditions of nations. The valuable antidote Bijuco
del Guaco, a plant described by Mutis, which is probably a
species of Mikania, and has been erroneously confounded with
Ayapana of Brasil, is also said to have attracted the notice
of the Indians, as is affirmed of the Falco serpentarius, by the
Falco Guaco of New Granada fighting with serpents. How-
ever, that the great American lion without mane (Felis concolor)
should be subject to the ague is just as bold an hypothesis as
the assertion of the inhabitants of the pestilential valley, Gualla
Bamba, near the town of Quito, that even the vultures (Sulfur
aura) in their neighbourhood were subject to that disorder. In-
deed in the regions of the Cinchona forests there is not a Felis
concolor, so fond of warmth, to be found ; but at the most the
cat Puma, not yet properly described, and which we have met
with in heights of 2,500 toises. The story so often copied
RUBIACEjE. X. CINCHONA.
475
respecting the Countess Chinclion, vice-queen of Peru, is pro-
bably still more doubtful than it is generally supposed to be.
There certainly was a Count Chinchon, Don Geronimo Fernandez
de Cabrera Bobadella y Mendoza, who was Viceroy of Lima
from 1629 to 1639. It is very probable that his wife, after her
return to Spain in 1640, was the first to introduce the Cinchona
bark to Europe. The name of Pulvis Committissa appears even
more ancient than that of Pulvis Jesuilicus or Pulvis patrum.
But I do not believe that the Corregidor of Loxa, Don Juan
Lopez de Cannizares, who is said to have cured the Countess of
ague, received this remedy from the Indians. In Loxa there is
no tradition whatever of this kind, nor is it probable that the
discovery of the medicinal power of the Cinchona belongs to
the primitive natives of America ; if it is also considered that
these natives (like the Hindoos) adhere with unalterable pertina-
city to their customs, to their food, and to their nostrums ; and
that notwithstanding all this the use of the Cinchona bark is
entirely unknown to them in Loxa, Guamcabamba, and far
around. In the deep and hot valleys of the mountains of Cata-
mango, Rio Calvas, and Macara, agues are extremely common.
But the natives there, as well as in Loxa, of whatever cast,
would die rather than have recourse to Cinchona bark, which,
together with opiates, they place in the class of poisons, exciting
mortification. The Indians cure themselves by lemonades, by
the oleaginous aromatic peel of the small green wild lemon,
by infusions of Scoparia dulcis, and by strong coffee. In
Malacatis only, where many bark-peelers live, they begin to
put confidence in the Cinchona bark. In Loxa, there is no
document to be found which can elucidate the history of the
discovery of the Cinchona ; an old tradition, however, is current
there, that the Jesuits, at the felling of the wood, had distin-
guished, according to the custom of the country, the different
kind of trees by chewing their barks ; and that on such occa-
sions they had taken notice of the considerable bitterness of that
of the Cinchona. There being always medical practitioners
among the missionaries, it is said they had tried an infusion of
the Cinchona in the tertian ague, a complaint which is very com-
mon in that part of the country. This tradition is less impro-
bable than the assertion of European authors, and among them
the late writers Ruiz and Favor, who ascribe the discovery to
the Indians. The medicinal powers of the Cinchona was like-
wise entirely unknown to the inhabitants of the kingdom of New
Granada."
Cinchona bark is stripped from the trunk and branches in the
dry season, from September to November ; it is dried by expo-
sure to the sun, and after being imported into Europe is sorted
for sale. It is brought to this country in chests, each of which
contains from 100 to 200 pounds weight of bark, mixed with
dust and other impurities. According to Humboldt, the quan-
tity of this drug annually exported from America is from 12,000
to 14,000 quintals. The kingdom of Santa Fe furnishes 2000 of
these, which are sent from Carthagena ; 110 are furnished by
Loxa, and the provinces of Huamanga, Cuenca, and Jean de
Bracamoros, and the thick forests of Guamcabamba and Ayavaca,
furnish the rest, which is shipped from Lima, Guayaquil, Payta,
and other ports on the South Sea.
The pale bark of the shops, the Quina Naranjada, and Casca-
rillajina de Uritusinga of the Spaniards, which is obtained from
C. lanceolala, is preferred in South America to all the other
kinds of bark. It is in pieces, 5 or 6 inches long, singly or
doubly convoluted, externally of a greyish brown colour, to
which crusts of lichens often adhere, and is internally when fresh
broken of a bright cinnamon hue. There are often intermixed
with this others of a coarser texture, thicker, and nearly flat,
which appears to be obtained from the trunk and larger
branches. The fracture is smooth and even ; its powder is of a
pale colour; its taste is bitter and astringent ; its smell peculiar
and aromatic.
The yellow bark, named Quina amarilla, Cascarilla de Loxa,
and Cascarilla amarilla, is less rolled than the pale bark, and
the pieces are larger and thicker. Externally it is of a greyish
brown, and covered with lichens ; internally of a much deeper
orange than the pale bark. It has a more bitter taste, with a
less aromatic odour, and with scarcely any sensible degree of
astringency.
The red bark is sometimes rolled, but more commonly in
flat thick pieces, covered with rough entire reddish brown epi-
dermis. It has a smooth fracture. It is composed of three
layers ; the inner one being of a dark ferruginous colour, it is
more bitter and astringent than the pale and yellow bark.
These three kinds of bark are only distinguished in Britain ;
but M. Von Bergen, a drug broker of Hamburgh, who has writ-
ten a valuable monograph on the Cinchonas, enumerates eight
kinds as distinguished in commerce ; and the drug merchants of
Spain enumerate about 50 different kinds of bark : these are
probably obtained from as many species of Cinchona, or several
of them may be obtained from the same species — the difference
depending upon the age, state, and habitats of the trees.
Qualities and chemical properties. — Few vegetable substances
have undergone so many analyses, by the most eminent chem-
ists, as the different varieties of Peruvian bark. The basis of
all of them is woody fibre, combined with which are various
principles capable of being abstracted by different solvents. The
taste of all is more or less bitter and astringent. Boiling water
extracts all their active principles, affording a solution of a pale
brown colour ; this infusion is transparent when hot, but on
cooling becomes turbid, and a precipitate is deposited, which is
soluble in alcohol. The decoction has a very astringent taste,
and a deep brown colour. By long boiling the virtues are nearly
destroyed, owing to the chemical change and precipitation of its
active matter. Alcohol, in all its modifications, is a powerful
solvent of the active principles of Cinchona. A saturated solu-
tion of ammonia is also a solvent of them, but acetate acid acts
less imperfectly than even water. Vauquelin found that an in-
fusion of the pale bark reddened litmus paper ; was copiously
precipitated by solution of galls, and in a smaller degree in yel-
lowish flocculent flakes by solution of isinglass. A solution of
tartar emetic was rendered turbid, and slowly precipitated by it;
solution of superacetate of lead produces quickly a copious
precipitate. The addition of a solution of the sulphate of iron
to the infusion changed the colour to a bright olive green, but was
scarcely precipitated. The powder macerated in sulphuric acid
afforded a golden yellow tincture, which reddened litmus paper,
and left a pellicle of bitter resin when evaporated on the surface
of water, to which it gave the colour of the tincture. This
coloured water did not precipitate the solution of galls and of
tartar emetic, and occasioned no precipitate on the addition of
the solution of sulphate of iron. With alcohol it produced a
deep orange coloured tincture, which precipitated sulphate of
iron, tartarized antimony, and tannin. The agency of the dif-
ferent menstrua on the red and yellow varieties of the Cinchona
produce nearly the same results as on the common or pale bark.
The filtered solution of yellow bark has a pale golden hue, with
a shade of red ; it is bitter, reddens litmus paper, and precipi-
tates solution of galls. On adding a solution of isinglass, a
pinkish yellow precipitate is produced ; superacetate throws
down a precipitate ; tartarised antimony gives a precipitate in
pale yellowish flakes. A solution of the sulphate of iron changes
its colour to a bluish green, and slowly lets fall a precipitate of
the same colour. The alcoholic tincture appears to be in every
respect the same as that afforded by the pale bark. The red
bark has a more nauseous taste than the barks of the other species.
3 P 2
476
RUBIACE.E. X. CINCHONA.
The aqueous infusion is of a pale ruby colour ; its action on the
solutions of galls and of isinglass is nearly the same as those
of the two former species, but it is not altered by tartarised anti-
mony, nor by the superacetate of lead ; and the solution of iron
occasions a dirty yellow colour only, little being precipitated.
The alcoholic tincture is of a deep brownish red colour, and
precipitates the solution of the sulphates of iron and of tartarised
antimony ; the former of a black colour, and the latter red.
From the experiments of Vauquelin, Fabroni, and others, it ap-
pears that the active principles of Cinchonas consist chiefly of
cinchonine, resin, extractive gluten, a very small portion of vola-
tile oil, and tannin. Vauquelin has determined the presence of
a peculiar acid, to which he gives the name of kinic acid, in
some varieties of the bark. The following are the most im-
portant results that have been obtained by MM. Pelletier and
Caventou, respecting the composition of the three officinal
species. — 1st, In pale bark they found acidulous kinate of cincho-
nine, a green fatty matter, which they term red cinchonine ;
tannin, a yellow colouring matter, kinate of lime, gum, starch,
and woody fibre. 2nd, In yellow bark they found that the alka-
line base differs from cinchonine in being uncrystallizable, very
soluble in ether, and forming salts with the acids very different
from those of cinchonine. The chemical constituents of the yel-
low bark are an acidulous kinate of this salt, which they have
named quinine, a deep yellow fatty matter, red cinchonine,
tannin, yellow colouring matter, kinate of lime, starch, and
woody fibre. 3rd, Red bark contains acidulous kinate of cin-
chonine, kinate of quinine, reddish fatty matter, red cincho-
nine, tannin, kinate of lime, yellow colouring matter, starch, and
woody fibre. The difference between the pale, the red, and the
yellow barks, depends principally on the quantity of the two
alkaline bodies, cinchonine and quinine, found in them. The
pale bark contains cinchonine, but a very small portion of qui-
nine ; the alkali, again, which predominates in the yellow bark,
is quinine ; while in the red bark, and some spurious kinds,
there is a combination of both these substances. The presence
of cinchonine, as a distinct vegetable principle, was first dis-
covered in Peruvian bark by Dr. Duncan, of Edinburgh.
The separation of cinchonine from the pale bark, and of qui-
nine from the yellow bark, is. a very simple operation. It con-
sists in digesting the bark, coarsely powdered, in weak sulphuric
acid, and then to repeat this digestion with about half the quan-
tity of liquid, till all the soluble matter is extracted. To this
decoction a small quantity of powdered slacked lime is added,
somewhat greater than is necessary to saturate the acid ; the
precipitate that ensues (a mixture of cinchonine and the sulphate
of lime,) is collected, dried, and boiled for a few minutes in
alcohol, which takes up the cinchonine, but will not dissolve the
sulphate of lime ; the solution is decanted off while still hot, and
fresh portions successively added for the repetition of the same
operation, until it ceases to act on the residuum, which is then
merely sulphate of lime. The different alcoholic solutions are
then put into a retort, and considerably evaporated, during which
and on cooling acicular crystals of cinchonine are deposited.
By repeating the solution once or twice, in boiling alcohol, and
again crystallizing, the cinchonine will be obtained in a per-
fectly pure state. Its crystals are semi-transparent, have a
pearly lustre, and are usually obtained in the form of small
needles. It has but little taste, and requires 700 parts of water
tor its solution, but boiling alcohol dissolves it much more abun-
dantly ; it is sparingly soluble in oils and sulphuric ether. At a
moderate heat it is partly volatilized, and partly decomposed.
It combines with different acids, forming neutral salts. Mr.
Brande found that it contained no oxygen, 100 parts consisting of
about 80 parts of carbon, 1 3 of nitrogen, and 7 hydrogen. It has
an intensely bitter taste, and exerts the same action on the animal
economy as the bark itself, but it is less generally used in medi-
cine than the other active principle of the bark, quinine, because
the yellow bark from which it is procured is more plentiful ; the
quinine, therefore, is cheaper than cinchonine, and equally effi-
cacious. Quinine may be obtained from the yellow bark in the
same manner as cinchonine is prepared from the pale bark, or
by adding an alkali to the solution of the sulphate of quinine.
Quinine is not crystallizable like cinchonine, but on the applica-
tion of heat it melts into a kind of paste. It has a much more
bitter taste than the other, and is very sparingly soluble in water.
They differ also remarkably in their chemical composition, cin-
chonine containing no oxygen, while in quinine there is a notable
proportion of this element. According to Mr. Brande, it con-
sists of about 5.55 parts of oxygen, 7.65 hydrogen, 13 nitrogen,
73.80 carbon. By digesting quinine in a weak solution of sul-
phuric acid, the sulphate of quinine is obtained, which is the
salt now generally used for medicinal purposes. The most ap-
proved process for preparing this salt was pointed out by Mr.
Henry. A kilogramme of bark (2 Ibs. 3 oz. 5 dr.) is reduced
to a coarse powder, and boiled twice for about a quarter of an
hour in 14 or 15 pints of water, 2 ounces of sulphuric acid being
added to it each time. The decoctions containing the sulphate
of quinine are of a reddish colour, which gradually acquire a
yellow tint, and have a very strong bitter taste. They are to be
filtered through a linen cloth, and about half a pound of powdered
quicklime added to the solution. The sulphate of quinine is
decomposed in this manner, the alkali being precipitated along
with the sulphate of lime. This is digested repeatedly in alco-
hol, till it no longer imparts any bitter taste to this fluid ; the
alcoholic solutions are then evaporated till a very bitter viscid
substance is obtained, which becomes brittle as it cools. This
is the quinine separated from almost all the other ingredients of
the bark, and by digesting it in dilute sulphuric acid a solution
of sulphate of quinine is obtained, which crystallizes on evapo-
ration. It is a white pulverulent substance; it crystallizes in
small white 4-sided prisms, which are di ,tinguished by their pearly
lustre. It is not very soluble, therefore not affording a very
bitter taste ; but by adding a drop or two of acid to the solu-
tion, its solubility is increased, and then it becomes intensely bit-
ter. It is decomposed by the alkalies and earths ; it volatilizes
at a moderate heat, and it can unite with an excess of acid, form-
ing a bisulphate of quinine. The sulphate of quinine is fre-
quently adulterated with starch, pipe-clay, and various other sub-
stances. To determine its purity, the simple process of heating
it is sufficient ; if it evaporate entirely without charring and melt-
ing, it is pure ; but if it should turn black or smell sweetish, it
is probable that sugar or starch is present. Pure quinine is sel-
dom used in medicine, but the sulphate possesses in a very emi-
nent degree the medicinal properties of Peruvian bark, one
grain, or one grain and a half, being equivalent to a drachm of
the bark in substance. In Paris it has superseded, in a great
measure, the Peruvian bark, and is new extensively used in this
country in all cases where that valuable medicine is indicated, in
doses of from 2 to 5 grains.
Medical properties and uses. — Peruvian bark has been long
known as one of the most powerful and valuable tonics we pos-
sess, and may be administered with great freedom in all cases
where that class of remedies are indicated. The only effects of
an overdose are headache and nausea. It also possesses anti-
septic and astringent powers in a very eminent degree, and is
universally employed as a febrifuge in the cure of intermittent
and remittent fever, in diseases of debility, such as typhus,
cynanche maligna, in passive haemorrhages, confluent small pox,
in dysentery, in some cutaneous diseases, as lichen agrius, and
livida, in purpurea, in some varieties of erysipelas, in gangrene,
in dyspepsia, and even in acute rheumatism and gout. The
RUBIACE.E. X. CINCHONA.
477
decoction of yellow cinchona bark, given in large quantities, is
the best antidote to the poison of tartar-emetic.
Corrfa<e-?eawedCinchonaorYellowPeruvian-bark. Tr. 30 to 40 ft.
3 C. ROTUNDiFotiA (Pavon, mss. Lamb, cinch, p. 5.) leaves
roundish, naked above and shining, pilose beneath and on the
branchlets ; panicle brachiate, pubescent ; calycine teeth very
short ; corolla clothed by silky tomentum outside, with a
bearded limb ; style exserted ; stigma bipartite ; capsule linear,
terete. fj . S. Native of Peru, in the forests of Loxa, in the
province of Quito. Segments of corolla ovate. Anthers shorter
than the filaments. Lobes of stigma linear, flat, and obtuse.
Tins is a very distinct species, being easily distinguished from
all its congeners by its narrow cylindrical capsules, and by the
narrow linear divisions of the stigma.
Round-leaved Cinchona. Tree 30 to 40 feet.
4 C. OVALIFOLIA (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 1. p. 65. t. 19.
nov. gen. 3. p. 40JJ.) leaves oval or obovate, naked above and
shining, but pilose on the veins beneath ; calycine teeth ovate,
acute ; corolla clothed by silky tomentum outside, with a
bearded limb ; anthers twice longer than the filaments ; stigma
bipartite ; capsules oval, constricted at the apex. lj . S. Native
of Peru, in the forests of Loxa, in the kingdom of Quito ; Pa-
von ; and on the Andes of Peru, near Cuenca ; Humboldt and
Bonpland. Panicle brachiate, pubescent. Flowers white. Seg-
ments of corolla linear. Lobes of stigma linear, obtuse. This
species must not be confounded with the C. ovalifolia of Mutis,
the C. macrocarpa of Vahl, or Quinquina blanc of New Granada,
which are totally different.
Oval-leaved Cinchona. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
5 C. PURPU'REA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 52. t. 193)
leaves oval or ovate, acute at the apex, and attenuated at the
base, at length naked on both surfaces and shining ; panicle
corymbose, pubescent ; anthers shorter than the filaments, but
exceeding the throat ; corolla clothed by silky tomentum out-
side, with a bearded limb ; stigma 2-lobed, inclosed ; capsules
narrow, ovate-oblong, attenuated at the apex. Pj . S. Native
of the lower mountains of the Andes, in forests, at Chinchao,
Pati, Muna, Casape, Casapillo, &c. (Pavon) ; and of the Andes
of Peru, near the city of Jaen de Bracamoros. C. scrobicu-
laris, Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 1. p. 165. t. 47. nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 402. Cascarilla fina Bracamorensium and Cascarilla
morada, Ruiz, quinol. p. 67. Cascarilla bobo de hogamorada.
Corolla rose coloured. Capsule bisulcate, pubescent when young,
but glabrous in the adult state. This is distinguished from the
preceding species by its more acute smoother leaves ; by its
corymbose panicles ; by its filaments being longer than the an-
thers, and their surpassing the throat of the corolla ; by the
capsules, which are ovate-oblong, narrowed, and without ribs ;
and, lastly, by the shorter and broader lobes of the stigma.
Purple-fiovfered Cinchona. Tree 40 feet.
6 C. PUBE'SCENS (Vrahl, in act. havn. 1. p. 19. t. 2. Lamb,
mon. t. 2.) leaves broad-ovate, or roundish-ovate, acute, on long
petioles, rounded at the base or acutish, naked and shining
above, but clothed with pilose tomentum beneath, as well as the
branchlets ; panicle brachiate, diffuse, clothed with rusty tomen-
tum ; corolla clothed by silky down on the outside, with a
bearded limb ; anthers almost sessile ; stigma 2-lobed ; capsule
oval-oblong, obsoletely ribbed, tomentose. fj • S. Native of
Peru, in forests on the lower mountains of the Andes, towards
Puzuzo and Panao ; and also of the forests of Huanuco, Ruiz et
Pavon. C. ovata, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 52. t. 195. Cas-
canlla pallida, Ruiz, quinol. p. 74. Cascarillo de Pato de Gal-
lareta. Petioles 2 inches long. Teeth of calyx very short,
acute. Corolla purplish outside and white inside, with ovate
obtuse segments. Genitals inclosed. Style exceeding the an-
thers. Lobes of stigma ovate.
Pubescent Cinchona. Tree 30 to 40 feet.
7 C. MICRA'NTHA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 52. t. 194.)
leaves broad, oval or obovate, naked and shining above, but
pilose in the axils of the veins beneath ; panicle crowded, pubes-
cent ; anthers shorter than the filaments, hardly exserted ; style
very short ; stigma 2-lobed ; capsule elliptic, attenuated at the
apex. T? . S. Native of the Andes of Peru, in cold elevated
forests towards St. Antonio de Playa Grande, where it was first
observed by John Tafalla. Corolla clothed with silky down on
the outside, with a bearded limb, and ovate segments. Calycine
teeth very short, acute. Lobes of stigma ovate. Capsule bisul-
cate, ribless. This species has some affinity with C. Condami-
nea , but its small flowers, and elliptical ribless capsules, together
with its very short style, and other marks, readily distinguish it.
Small-flowered Cinchona. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
8 C. HUMBOLDTIA'NA (Lamb, cinch, p. 7.) leaves lanceolate,
acute at both ends, naked above, but villous beneath, as well as
on the branchlets ; panicle glomerate, villous ; calycine teeth
very short, acute ; corolla clothed by silky down outside, with
a bearded limb ; anthers sessile, inclosed ; stigma exserted,
emarginate; capsules ovate, hairy, glomerate. Tj . S. Native
of Peru, in the kingdom of Quito, in forests near the town of
Jaen de Bracamoros. Pavon. This is a strongly marked and
very distinct species; there is none with which it can be con-
founded ; it is the C. villosa, Pavon, mss.
Humboldt's Cinchona. Tree.
9 C. GLANDULI'FERA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. t. 224.) leaves
oval, acutish at both ends, naked and shining above, very pilose
beneath, as well as on the branchlets, with undulated rather re-
volute margins ; panicle brachiate, very pilose ; corolla pilose
outside, with a bearded limb ; calycine teeth very short, mucro-
nulate ; segments of corolla ovate ; stigma emarginate ; cap-
sules ovate, drooping. Jj . S. Native of Peru, in the kingdom
of Quito, at Loxa. Pavon. C. microphylla, Mutis, mss. C.
quercifolia, Pavon, mss. C. Mutisii, Lamb, cinch, p. 9. An-
thers exserted, shorter than the filaments. Corolla white.
Far. ft; leaves oval, obtuse, rounded at the base, and rather
cordate. Jj . S. C. quercifolia, var. crispa, Pavon, mss.
Gland-bearing Cinchona. Tree 10 to 12 feet.
10 C. HIRSU'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 51. t. 192.)
leaves oval, acute at the base, beset with bristly hairs, as well as
the branchlets, veiny above, and at length naked ; flowers glo-
merate, beset with bristly hairs ; calycine segments lanceolate,
acuminated ; corolla pilose outside, with a bearded limb ; stigma
2-lobed; capsule ovate. fj . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes,
in forests in cold elevated places, towards Pillao and Acomayo.
Ruiz et Pavon. Cascarilla delgado, Ruiz, quinol. p. 60. Flowers
red. Humboldt and Bonpland have confounded this with the C.
cordifolia of Mutis, with which it has not the least resemblance.
Hairy Cinchona. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
11 C. STENOCA'RPA (Lamb, cinch, p. 15.J .{eaves lanceolate,
acute at both ends, naked above, but pilose on tfht veins beneath ;
teeth of calyx ovate, acute ; corolla clothed by silky tomen-
tum outside, with a glabrous limb ; anthers sessile ; style very
short ; stigma emarginate ; capsule linear, terete. J? . S. Na-
tive of Peru, in forests in the kingdom of Quito, near the city
of Jaen de Bracamoros. Pavon. C. species nova, Pavon, mss.
Panicle diffusely branched, pubescent. Segments of the corolla
linear, obtuse. Very like C. Condaminea, but very distinct.
Narrow-fruited Cinchona. Tree.
12 C. CADUCIFLORA (Bonpl. in pi. equin. 1. p. 167. H. B. et
Kunth, nov gen. amer. 3. p. 411.) leaves broad-obovate, acute at
the base, naked and shining above, but pilose in the axils of the
veins beneath ; panicle brachiate, pubescent ; calycine teeth
ovate, obtuse ; corolla clothed with silky down outside, having
the limb glabrous above, and the segments linear-oblong ; an-
478
RUBIACE^E. X. CINCHONA.
thers a little exserted ; style very short ; stigma bipartite ; cap-
sules oval-oblong. Ij . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes, near
the city of Jaen de Bracamoros. Humboldt and Bonpland. C.
magnifolia, Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 1. p. 139. t. 39. exclu-
sive of the synonyme of Flora Peruviana. Cascarilla bova of
the Peruvians. Segments of corolla shorter than the tube.
Lobes of stigma linear, flat.
Caducous-flowered Cinchona. Tree 100 feet.
§ 2. Capsule dehiscing at the apex. — Aberrant species.
13 C. MACKOCA'RPA (Vahl, in act. havn. 1. p. 20. t. 3. exclu-
sive of the synonymes. Lamb. mon. p. 22. t. 3.) leaves broad-
elliptic, very blunt, densely clothed with rough tomentum be-
neath, as well as on the branches ; calyx entire, with rather pro-
minent teeth ; corolla large, clothed by silky down outside, with
a bearded limb, and lanceolate segments, which are recurved
at the apex ; genitals inclosed ; stigma emarginate ; capsule
pear-shaped, tomentose. Tj . S. Native of Peru, in the forests
of Loxa, Guayaquil, and Cuenca ; and of New Granada. C.
ovalifolia, Mutis, mss. Humb. in mag. &c. p, 118. Cosmibuena
species nov. Pavon, mss. Called Quina blanca, and Quinquina
blanc de Santa Fe. Corymbs few-flowered. Calyx urceolate,
entire. Style furrowed. This species ought not to be con-
founded with the C. ovalifolia of Humb., to which it has not the
least resemblance.
Large-fruited Cinchona. Tree 30 to 40 feet.
14 C. OBLONGIFOLIA (Mutis, mss. Humb. in mag. &c. p.
118. Rhode, mon. p. 57. exclusive of the synonymes,) leaves
oblong or cordate, densely clothed with scabrous hairs on both
surfaces, as well as the branchlets ; panicle brachiate, corym-
bose, scabrous from hairs ; segments of corolla pilose outside,
but glabrous inside, linear ; genitals inclosed ; anthers 3 times
longer than the filaments ; stigma bipartite ; capsules ovate. Tj .
S. Native of Peru, in forests in the mountains of Loxa ; and of
New Granada, near Maraquita. H. B. et Kuntli, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 401. exclusive of syn. of fl. per. and Ruiz, quinol.
Called Quina roga and Cinchona vulgo Azahar. Flowers white.
This is a very distinct plant from C. magnifolia of Ruiz et Pav.
It is distinguished from it by its leaves being rounded at the
base, often cordate, covered on both sides with rough pilose
tomentum, sometimes the older leaves, however, become nearly
naked above ; the corolla is covered on the outside with bristly
pilose hairs, while that of C. magnifolia has short down, and in
the shape of the capsules.
Oblong-leaved Cinchona. Tree 1 2 to 20 feet.
15 C. MAGNirbnA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 52. t. 196. but
not of Humb. et Bonpl.) leaves broad-roundish-oval, naked and
shining above, and densely clothed with tomentum beneath ; pa-
nicle brachiate, corymbose, tomentose ; calycine teeth short, acute ;
corolla clothed with silky tomentum outside, but having the
limb glabrous above, and the segments lanceolate ; anthers in-
closed ; style exserted ; stigma bipartite ; capsules linear, terete,
fj • S. Native of Peru, on the Andes, in very hot places in
forests, on the banks of mountain streams, at Chinchao, Cuchero,
and Chacahuassi. Ruiz et Pavon. C. oblongifolia, Steph. and
Churchill, med. bot. 4. t. 184. Cascarilla amarilla, Ruiz, quinol.
p. 71. This species of Cinchona is regarded as yielding the red
bark of the shops. Flowers white, sweet-scented.
Large-leaved Cinchona or Red Peruvian-bark. Tree 40 ft.
16 C. PAVONII (Lamb, cinch, p. 8.) leaves orbicular or cor-
date, naked above, but clothed with rusty tomentum beneath,
as well as the branchlets ; corymbs clothed with rusty tomen-
tum ; calyx urceolate, entire, obsoletely denticulated ; tube of
corolla very long, clothed by silky tomentum outside, with a
bearded limb ; anthers sessile ; stigma deeply bipartite ; cap-
sules very long, terete, f? . S. Native of Peru, in the king-
dom of Quito, in groves at Loxa. C. cava, Pavon, mss.
Called Canela. Corymbs crowded with flowers. Corollas large,
with ovate-oblong obtuse segments ; anthers hardly exserted
above the throat. Style inclosed ; lobes of stigma linear, obtuse,
with revolute edges. Capsule length and thickness of a finger.
This species has considerable affinity with C. macrocarpa. The
form of its leaves, the deeply bipartite stigma, its very long
cylindrical capsules, however, widely separate it.
Pavon's Cinchona. Tree.
17 C. ACUTIFOLIA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 51. t. 225.)
leaves lanceolate, acuminated, naked and shining above, but pilose
at the veins beneath ; segments of the calyx linear-oblong, obtuse ;
corolla clothed with silky tomentum on the outside, having the
limb glabrous above, and the segments linear, acute ; genitals
inclosed ; stigma bipartite ; capsule pear-shaped, hairy, attenu-
ated at the base, fj . S. Native of Peru, on the Ancles in
groves at the river Chilcoplaya. Cascarilla detropa aguda, Ruiz
et Pav. suppl. quinol. p. 8. Panicle brachiate, densely clothed
with pili. Lobes of stigma linear, obtuse.
Acute-leaved Cinchona. Tree 20 feet.
18 C. HEXA'NDRA ; leaves large, oval, obtuse, clothed with
ochraceous villi beneath, as well as on the branchlets and flowers ;
corollas 5-6-cleft ; stamens 5-6. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in
mountain woods, in the provinces of Rio Janeiro and Minas
Geraes. Buena hexandra, Pohl. pi. bras. 1. p. 10. t. 8. China,
Eschwege, journ. bras. 2. p. 86. Quino do Rio de Janeiro, mem.
acad. Lisb. 3. pt. 2. p. 96. The bark is thin, of a bay colour
on the outside, but blood-coloured within, very bitter, and is
used by the Brazilians as a febrifuge, in place of Peruvian bark.
Corolla purple.
Hexandrous Cinchona. Tree.
§ 3. Flowers disposed in interrupted elongated axillary racemes.
Corollas villous on the outside. Capsules dehiscing from the apex.
Seeds peltate, girded by a membranous wing — Remijia, D. C.
bibl. univ. 1829. scienc. vol. 2. p. 185. prod. 4. p. 357. The
species are called Quina de Serra or Quina de Remijo throughout
Brazil.
19 C.FERRUciNEA (St. Hil. append, voy. p. 8. pi. usuel. bras.
1. t. 3.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, rather narrow, coriaceous,
clothed with rusty villi beneath, as well as the branches, with
revolute margins ; racemes interrupted, hardly branched ; co-
rolla tomentose outside. tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the pro-
vince of Minas Geraes, on arid mountains. Remijia ferruginea,
D. C. prod. 4. p. 357. — Macrocnemum no. 1. Velloz. in Vand.
fl. p. 14. Leaves usually 3 in a whorl. The fascicles of flowers
on the raceme are opposite. The bark is bitter and astringent,
and is used in place of Peruvian bark in Brazil, under the names
of Quina de Remijo and Quina de Serra.
Rusty Cinchona. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
20 C. VELLO'ZII (St. Hil. pi. usuel. bras. p. 1. no. 2.) leaves
ovate, coriaceous, acuminated at both ends, clothed with rusty
villi beneath as well as on the branchlets ; racemes interrupted,
hardly branched ; corolla tomentose outside. fj . S. Native
along with the preceding. Remijia Vellozii, D. C. prod. 4. p.
357. — Macrocnemum, no. 2. Veil, in Vand. fl. p. 14. This
differs from the preceding species in the flowers being on shorter
pedicels, in the bracteas being less linear, and in the flowers
being longer and more numerous. Fascicles of flowers on the
racemes* opposite. The bark of the species is used in Brazil
in place of Peruvian bark, under the name of Quina de Serra.
Vellozi's Cinchona. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
21 C. REMIJIA' NA (St. Hil. pi. usuel. bras. p. 1. no. 2. in a
note) leaves broad-elliptic, obtuse, cuspidate : the upper ones
decurrent at the base, clothed with rusty villi beneath, as well
as the branchlets ; racemes interrupted, hardly branched ; corolla
RUBIACE^E. X. CINCHONA. XI. COSMIBHENA. XII. LASIONEMA.
479
villous on the outside, fj . S. Native of Brazil, along with
the two preceding species. C. Remyana, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
705. Remijia Hilarii, D. C. prod. 4. p. 357. Clusters of
flowers opposite, on the raceme. The bark of this species is
also used in place of Peruvian bark, under the name of Quina
de Remijo.
Remijo's Cinchona. Shrub.
22 C. CANDOLLII ; leaves oblong, acute, attenuated at the base,
undulated, coriaceous ; panicles axillary, verticillately branched :
the branches interruptedly racemose ; corolla villous on the
outside. lj . S. Native of Brazil. Remijia paniculata, D. C.
prod. 4. p. 357. Branches trigonal. Branches and branchlets
of panicle angular. Leaves clothed with rusty down beneath,
as well as the branchlets and panicle. Fruit unknown.
De Candolle's Cinchona. Shrub.
t Species not sufficiently Jcnonn.
23 C. PELA'LBA (Pav. quinol. ined. D. C. bibl. univ. 1829.
&c.) leaves roundish, hardly apiculated, membranous, beset with
velvety hairs on the petioles and on the nerves beneath, and
velvety between the nerves, but puberulous above ; stipulas
oval, obtuse, equal in length to the petioles ; panicle glabrous,
much branched ; fruit oblong-terete, crowned by the calyx,
glabrous, f; . S. Native of South America, and probably of
Peru. This is a very distinct species. Fruit 6-7 lines long.
Stipulas an inch long.
Pelalba Cinchona. Tree.
24 C. MUZONE'NSIS (Goudot, in phil. mag. 1828. febr. p. 132.)
leaves ovate-oblong, acute, attenuated at the base ; stipulas
revolute ; panicle brachiate ; corolla white, with a bearded limb,
fj . S. Native of Columbia, in the extensive forests about the
town of Muzo.
Muzo Cinchona. Tree.
25 C. LAMBERTIA'NA (Mart, in bot. zeitung, no. 7. p. 119.
1831.) leaves petiolate, oval, rather cordate, bluntish, glabrous
above and shining, soft and opaque beneath, and pilose on the
nerves ; cymes compound, terminal ; fruit cylindrical, ribbed,
glabrous, dehiscing on one side ; seeds girded by a narrow
jagged margin. ^ . S. Native of South America, on the
banks of the Amazon.
Lambert's Cinchona. Tree.
26 C. BERGIA'NA (Mart, in bot. zeit. no. 7. p. 119. 1831.)
branches and all the younger parts of the tree clothed with
rusty hairs ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, tapering into the short
petioles, flat ; thyrse axillary, interrupted, brachiate at the
base ; capsule oblong-cylindrical. I? . S. Native of South
America, on the banks of the Amazon.
Bergius's Cinchona. Tree.
Cult. All the species of this very interesting genus are grown
with great difficulty in the stoves of our gardens. The best
soil for them is a mixture of turfy loam and sandy peat. Cut-
tings should be taken off" when ripe, and planted in a pot of
sand, which should be plunged under a hand-glass in a moist
heat.
XI. COSMIBUE'NA (named by Ruiz and Pavon after
Cosimi Bueno, a Spanish physician, who has written on the
natural history of Peru). Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 3. but not
of their prod. D. Don, in Lin. trans, vol. 17. ined. — Buena,
Pphl. fl. bras. 1. p. 8. D. C. prod. 4. p. 356. but not of Cav
Cinchona species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed. Co-
rolla tubular, with a 5-lobed limb, which is imbricate in aesti-
vation. Anthers oblong, exserted. Stigma bipartite. Capsule
somewhat 4-celled, many- seeded, dehiscing from the apex.
Dissepiment semiferous, double from the revolute margins of
the valves. Seeds narrow, ramentaceous, fibrous at the extre-
mities.— Smoothish trees, natives of South America, with ovate,
coriaceous leaves, on short petioles ; oval, large, obtuse stipulas,
and cymose inflorescence. The bark of these trees is used like
those of Cinchona,
1 C. OBTUSIFO'LIA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 3. 1. 198.) leaves
obovate, very obtuse, naked, and shining on both surfaces ;
corymbs few-flowered, glabrous ; calycine teeth ovate, acute ;
corolla glabrous, with a large tube ; anthers sessile, inclosed ;
stigma 2-lobed ; capsules elongated, terete, fj . S. Native of
Peru, in forests towards Pozozo, on the banks of streams ; also
at Pueblo Nuevo de St. Antonio de Chicoplaya. Cinchona
grandiflora, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 54. t. 198. Cinchona
China, Lop. Ruiz, in fl. per. 3. p. 4. Buena obtusif olia, D. C.
prod. 4. p. 356. Segments of corolla broad, ovate, flat, fleshy.
Anthers linear. Style exserted. Lobes of stigma ovate, ob-
tuse, thick. Capsule naked. The flowers are of a brilliant
white, and large, which, together with its green shining leaves
form a striking contrast in its native forests. It delights in the
warmest regions of Peru.
Blunt-leaved Cosmibuena. Tree 20 feet.
2 C. ACUMINA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 4. t. 226.) leaves
ovate, short-acuminated, naked and shining on both surfaces ;
flowers terminal, almost solitary, glabrous ; calycine teeth ob-
long-ovate, bluntish ; tube of corolla very long, and narrow ;
genitals hardly exserted ; stigma 2-lobed ; capsule oblong, cy-
lindrical. Jj . S. Native of Peru, in forests on the lower
Andes, at Chicoplaya, where it was gathered by John Tafalla.
Buena acuminata, D. C. prod. 4. p. 356. Cinchona acuminata,
Poir. and Spreng. Flowers large, white. Segments of corolla
broad-ovate. Anthers linear, sessile. Lobes of stigma oblong,
thick, and blunt.
dcuminated-leaved. Cosmibuena. Tree 20 feet.
3 C. DICHOTOMA : leaves elliptic, short-acuminated, at length
naked on both surfaces, acute at the base, when young silky ;
peduncles terminal, dichotomous, few-flowered ; calycine teeth
very short ; capsules linear, very long, terete. J? . S. Native
of Peru, in forests towards Pueblo-Nuevo, in the tract of the
Chicoplaya, where it was first detected by John Tafalla. Cin-
chona dichotoma, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 53. t. 197. AH
the specimens collected by Tafalla, now in the collection of
Mr. Lambert, are in a fruit-bearing state, so that the flowers
still remain unknown ; they are, however, probably white and
glabrous, like the other species.
Dichotomous-pednmcled Cosmibuena. Tree 20 feet.
Cult. See Cinchona above, for culture and propagation.
XII. LASIONEXMA (from Xairioc, lasios, woolly, and vripa,
nema, a filament ; in reference to the filaments, which are bearded
in the middle). D. Don, in Lin. trans, vol. 17. ined. — Cinchona
species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed. Co-
rolla tubular, with a 5-lobed limb, which is imbricate in aesti-
vation. Stamens exserted ; filaments bearded in the middle ;
anthers roundish, peltate : cells loosened at the base. Stigma
2-lobed. Capsule 2-celled, dehiscing in the middle of the cells,
many-seeded : having the dissepiment complete. Seeds small
and narrow. — A tree, native of Peru, with panicled inflores-
cence.
1 L. RO'SEA (D. Don, in Lin. trans, vol. 17. ined.). Tj . S.
Native of Peru, on the Andes at Puzuzo, and in the tract of
St. Antonio de Playa Grande. Cinchona rosea, Ruiz et Pav.
fl. per. 2. p. 54. t. 199. Cinchona Tarantarum, Pavon. mss.
Cascarilla Pardo, Ruiz, quinol. p. 77. Leaves lanceolate-ovate,
acute at both ends, naked, and shining on both surfaces. Pa-
nicle crowded. Corolla tubular, rose-coloured : segments broad-
480
RUBIACE^E. XIII. LUCULIA. XIV. HYMENODICTYON. XV. EXOSTEMMA.
ovate. Capsules ovate, bisulcate, glabrous. Humboldt, on the
authority of Zea, has joined this with Cinchona land/alia of
Mutis, with which it has not the least affinity. Called Asmonich
in Peru.
/Jose-coloured-flowered Lasionema. Tree.
Cult. See Cinchona, p. 479. for culture and propagation.
XIII. LUCtTLIA (Luculi swa is the name given to the tree
by the Nipaulese). Sweet, brit. fl. gard. t. 145. D. C. prod.
4. p. 357. D. Don, in Lin. trans, vol. 17. ined.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted (f. 87.
c.) ; segments foliaceous. Corolla tubular, with a 5-lobed limb,
which is imbricate in aestivation. Stamens almost inclosed (f.
87. a.). Anthers linear. Stigma bipartite (f. 87. 6.) Capsule
2-celled (f. 87. 6.), dehiscing at the dissepiment from the apex,
many-seeded, crowned by the calyx. Seeds samaroid, sur-
rounded by a jagged membranous margin.- — A tree, native of
Nipaul : having cymose bracteate inflorescence.
1 L. GRATI'SSIMA (Sweet, 1. c.). fj . F. Native of Silhet
and Nipaul, on the mountains. Cinchona gratissima, Wall, in
Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 154. tent. fl. nep. 1. p. SO. t. 21. Mus-
FIG. 87.
e-.
sae'nda Luculia, Hamilt. in D.
Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 139. A
small branching tree, with terete
pubescent branches ; elliptic, acu-
minated leaves, which are gla-
brous above and villous on the
veins beneath, on short petioles.
Cymes terminal, many-flowered.
Flowers rose-coloured, rather
fleshy, sweet-scented. Stipulas
solitary on each side, broad at
the base and cuspidate at the
apex, longer than the petioles.
Segments of calyx deciduous.
It is impossible to conceive any
thing more beautiful than this
tree, when covered with its nu-
merous cymes of pink-coloured very fragrant flowers.
Very-grateful- scented Luculia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1823.
Tree 16 to 20 feet.
Cult. A very good rich light soil will suit this tree ; and
cuttings may be rooted in sand under a hand-glass, but with
great difficulty.
XIV. HYMENODI'CTYON (from ^v, hymen, a mem-
brane, and IIKTVOV, dictyon, a net ; in reference to the seeds
being girded by a reticulated membrane). Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind.
2. p. 148. tent. fl. nep. 1. p. 31. D. C. prod. 4. p. 385. D.
Don, in Lin. trans, vol. 17. ined. — Cinchona species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed. Co-
rolla tubular, with a 5-cleft limb, which is plicate in aestivation.
Anthers linear, exserted. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule 2-celled,
dehiscing at the cells, many-seeded ; valves ventricose, mem-
branous. Dissepiment complete. Seeds girded by a membra-
nous, reticulated border, which is bifid at the base.— Trees,
natives of the East Indies, with compressed branches : coria-
ceous, petiolate leaves ; deciduous, glandularly ciliated Stipulas ;
and small, inconspicuous, greenish, pubescent flowers, disposed
in fascicles, the whole forming racemose panicles. Floral leaves
one under each branch of the panicle, lanceolate, convex, veiny,
on long petioles, similar to the large calycine teeth of Musee'nda,
but placed in a different situation.
1 H. EXCE'LSUM (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 358.) leaves
oblong, downy : floral ones coloured and blistered ; Stipulas
cordate, serrated; panicles axillary and terminal; anthers
almost sessile in the mouth of the tube ; partition of capsule
contrary. Pj . S. Native of the East Indies, in the mountainous
parts of the Circars, and chiefly of the valleys, where it grows
to be a large tree. It is called Bundaroo in the Telinga lan-
guage. Cinchona excelsa, Roxb. cor. 2. p. 3. t. 106. Tratt.
tab. t. 170. The lower pair, or two of the ramifications of the
panicle, are ornamented each with a pair of coloured floral
leaves. Panicles terminal, large. Flowers fascicled, small,
greenish white. The infusion of one fresh leaf in water all
night had little taste, but struck quickly a deep purplish blue
with a chalybeate. The two inner coats of the bark (the outer
light spongy stratum is tasteless) possess both the bitterness and
astringency of Peruvian bark, and when fresh in a stronger
degree ; the bitterness is not so quickly communicated to
the taste on chewing the bark, as that of the former, but is
much more durable, and chiefly about the upper part of the
fauces. The wood is firm, close-grained, of a pale mahogany
colour, and very useful for many pu'rposes.
Tall Hymenodyction. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Tree 30
to 50 feet.
2 H. THYRSiFLo'nuM(Wall. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 151.) leaves
ovate, downy, pale beneath : the floral ones coloured and reti-
culated ; thyrse terminal and axillary, drooping ; stipulas ob-
long, fringed with coloured glands; limb of corolla urceolate ;
partition of capsule contrary. ^ • S. Native of the East
Indies, in the interior parts of Bengal. Cinchona thyrsiflora,
Roxb. Branches forming a large ovate head to the tree. Leaves
from 2-8 or 10 inches long. Thyrse very dense. Flowers
small, greenish yellow, fascicled. The floral pair or two of
leaves are on longer petioles than the rest.
Thyrse-Jlonered Hymenodyction. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819.
Tree 20 to 30 feet.
3 H. TLA'CCIDUM (Wall, in Roxb fl. ind. 2. p. 152.) leaves
ovate-elliptic, smooth, and shining above ; stipulas oblong-spa-
tulate, ciliated ; racemes ax'illary, slender, pendulous ; capsules
oblong. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies, on the north side
of Sheopore, towards the bottom ; and in the valley of Noakote.
Leaves from 6-10 inches long: having the margins slightly
waved. Common peduncle pubescent, bearing a hardly coloured,
lanceolate-oblong, pubescent, reticulated floral leaf, wnich is
convex on the upper side, and concave on the under. It comes
very near the preceding species, but differs, however, in having
broader, elliptic, downy leaves, and much thicker both terminal
and axillary subcompound racemes ; its capsules too are much
broader.
Flaccid Hymenodyction. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
4 H. OBOVA'TUM (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 153.) leaves
obovate, acuminated, smooth : floral ones lanceolate, acuminated,
reticulated, convex, glaucous ; stipulas ovate, acute, glandularly
ciliated ; racemes axillary and terminal, a little branched, erect.
J? . S. Native of the East Indies, and perhaps of Wynaad.
Young shoots green, much compressed. Rachis of peduncles
villous. At the apex of each peduncle there is a floral pallid
leaf, 2 inches long, convex and a little rugose above': glaucous
and concave, beautifully veined, and rather pubescent beneath.
O&oi'ate-leaved Hymenodyction. Tree.
Cult. See Cinchona, p. 479. for culture and propagation.
XV. EXOSTE'MMA (from E£&», exo, without, and ore^u/m,
stemma, a crown ; in reference to the exserted stamens). D. C.
diss. 1806. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 111. Spreng. syst.
1. p. 705. D. C. prod. 4. p. 358. D. Don, Lin. trans, vol. 17.
ined. — Exostema, Rich, in Humb. et Bonpl. pi. sequin. 1. p.
151. — Cinchona, section Exostema, Pers. ench. 1. p. 196.
LIN. SYST.. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed. Co-
rolla tubular, with a 5-parted limb : having linear, elongated
RUBIACE^E. XV. EXOSTEMMA.
481
segments, which are induplicate in aestivation. Stamens ex-
serted ; anthers narrow-linear, having the cells adnate at the base.
Stigma undivided. Capsule 2-celIed, dehiscing at the dissepiment
from the apex, many-seeded. Seeds girded by an entire mem-
branous border. — Trees or shrubs, usually glabrous. Leaves
oval or lanceolate, on short petioles. Stipulas solitary on each
side. Peduncles axillary and terminal. Flowers white or red-
dish. The barks of all the species are destitute of quinine and
cinchonine, according to St. Hilaire.
SECT. I. PITOVNIA (the bark of some of the species is called
Quinquina Piton in the Antilles). D. C. prod. 4. p. 359. Limb
of calyx parted almost to the base into teeth of various lengths.
Corolla glabrous : having the tube longer than the segments.
Stigma undivided. — Species all natives of the Caribbee Islands.
The bark is febrifugal, somewhat emetic, and is sold in the shops
under the name of Quinquina Piton of the Antilles.
1 E. CARIB^UM (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 18.) leaves
ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous; pedicels axillary, 1-
flowered, rather shorter than the petioles ; calyx bluntly 5-
toothed ; style and stamens about equal in length to the corolla.
^ . S. Native of the Caribbee Islands, Guadeloupe, St. Do-
mingo, Jamaica, Santa Cruz, &c. ; and of Mexico. Cinchona
Caribae'a, Jacq. amer. t. 179. f. 65. obs. 2. t. 17. Lamb. mon.
t. 4. Gaertn. fruct. 1 . t. 33. f. 4. Cinch6na Jamaicensis,
Wright, in roy. soc. trans, lond. p. 67. p. 504. t. 10. Andr.
bot. rep. t. 481. Flowers white, sweet-scented, about the length
of the leaves ; but according to Jacquin they are pale flesh-
coloured. Stamens, according to Andrews's figure, shorter than
the segments of the corolla. Dr. Wright says that the Jesuits'
bark of Jamaica rises only to 20 feet, with leaves of a rusty
green colour ; and the young buds of a bluish green hue. The
bark is generally smooth and grey on the outside, though in
some rough and scabrous, when well dried, and the inside of a
dark brown colour. Its flavour is at first sweet, with a mixture
of the taste of horse radish and of the aromatics of the East,
but when swallowed of that very bitterness and astringency
which characterises the Peruvian bark. It grows near the sea
shore, and is called in Jamaica Sea-side beech.
Caribb&an Exostemma. Fl. Jn.Jul. Clt. 1780. Tr. 20 ft.
2 E. LONGIFLO'RUM (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 18.) leaves
linear-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, glabrous ; pedicels
axillary, very short ; teeth of calyx long, linear-lanceolate, gla-
brous ; corollas 3 or 4 times longer than the leaves. Pj . S.
Native of St. Domingo. Cinchona longiflora, Lamb. mon. p. 38.
t. 12. exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers white, 5 inches
long before expansion ; segments linear; tube very long.
Long-flowered Exostemma. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Tree
20 feet?
S E. CANE'SCENS (Bartl. in herb. Hsenke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 359.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, canescent from villi
on both surfaces as well as on the branchlets ; peduncles axil-
lary, 1-flowered. J? . S. Native of Mexico. The canescent
down on the leaves, branches, pedicels, and young fruit distin-
guishes it from all the other species. Flowers unknown. Cap-
sule naked at the apex, not crowned by the calyx. Pedicels
length of fruit.
Canescent Exostemma. Tree.
4 E. ANGUSTIFO'LIUM (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 19.)
leaves linear-lanceolate, pubescent beneath, as well as on the
calyxes ; peduncles terminal, corymbose ; calycine teeth linear-
subulate. \i . S. Native of St. Domingo, on the rocky banks
of rivers. Cinchona angustifolia, Swartz, prod. p. 42. fl. ind.
occid. p. 380. act. holm. 1787. p. 117. t. 3. Lamb, cinch. 29.
t. 9. Capsule oblong, pentagonal. Branches and pedicels rather
downy. Peduncles forming a terminal corymbose panicle. Co-
VOL. III.
rolla glabrous, white? about the size of those of E. Caribce*um,
sweet-scented.
Narrow-leaved Exostemma. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
5 E. CORIA'CEUM (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 20.) leaves
ovate, scarcely acute, coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces,
shining ; branches and flowers glabrous ; peduncles axillary,
2-3-flowered ; teeth of calyx short, acute ; corollas about the
length of the leaves ; capsules ovate, smooth. (7 . S. Native
of St. Domingo. Cinchona coriacea, Poir. diet. 6. p. 38.
Peduncles 2 or 3 times shorter than the leaves. Seed girded
by a membranous wing. Corolla glabrous, 2 inches long, with
a terete tube and narrow reflexed segments. Branches of pa-
nicle dichotomous.
Coriaceous-leaved Exostemma. Tree.
6 E. LINEA'TUM (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 18.) leaves
ovate, acuminated, and are as well as the branches and flowers
glabrous ; peduncles terminal, corymbose ; calycine segments
linear; capsule pentagonal. ^ . S. Native of St. Domingo.
Cinchona lineata, Vahl. symb. 2. p. 27. act. soc. hist. nat. hafn.
l.p. 20. t. 4. Lamb. mon. p. 26. t. 6. Panicle corymbose,
terminal, trichotomous. Leaves marked with lines on the upper
surface. Flowers an inch long, white.
Lined-]eaved Exostemma. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
7 E. PARVIFLO'RUM (Rich, in Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 1.
p. 132.) leaves oval, mutic, furnished with porose glands in the
axils of the nerves ; petioles, branches, and peduncles pubes-
cent; fascicles of flowers axillary and terminal, crowded ; teeth
of calyx short, tj . S. Native of the Caribbee Islands.
Small-flowered Exostemma. Tree.
8 E. BRACHYCA'RPUM (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 19.)
leaves elliptic, obtuse, and are as well as the branches and
flowers glabrous ; peduncles terminal, corymbose ; teeth of
calyx short, acutish ; capsules ovate or obovate, ribbed, fj . S.
Native of the eastern parts of Jamaica, in shady parts
of mountains. Cinchona brachycarpa, Swartz, prod. p. 42. fl.
ind. occid. 378. Lindsay, roy. soc. trans, edinb. 1794. p. 214.
t. 5. Vahl, act. soc. hist. nat. hafn. 1. p. 22. Lamb, cinch,
p. 18. t. 8. Panicle terminal, corymbose, trichotomous. Co-
rolla 3-| inches long before expansion, pale red or flesh-coloured.
Leaves 5-6 inches long, deep green. The bark, when wounded,
emits a whitish juice ; which becomes of a brownish purple colour
on drying, and is easily reduced into a greyish purple powder,
which is at first sweet, but afterwards very bitter and astringent.
Short-fruited Exostemma. Tree 20 feet.
9 E. TRIFLO'RUM ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, attenuated at the
base, quite glabrous, and shining on both surfaces ; branches
glabrous ; corymbs compound ; peduncles 2-3-flowered ; caly-
cine teeth subulate ; corolla with a very long filiform tube, and
long, narrow, linear, dependent segments ; capsule obovate.
fj . S. Native of Jamaica. Cinchona triflora, Wright, in edinb.
med. journ. p. 240. Lamb, cinch, p. 15. It comes nearest to
E.jtoribundum, but differs from it in the leaves being ovate-
elliptic, acuminated, not attenuated at the base ; the corymbs
of flowers are also much larger and closer ; the teeth of the
calyx are shorter and broader ; the tube of the corolla is much
shorter and wider ; and the capsules oblong-cylindrical.
Three-flowered Exostemma. Tree 20 feet.
10 E. FLORIBU'NDA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 19.) leaves
elliptic, acuminated, and are as well as the branches and flowers
glabrous ; peduncles terminal, corymbose ; teeth of calyx short,
acute ; capsules turbinate, smooth, fj . S. Native of the
Caribbee Islands, Jamaica, Guadaloupe, St. Domingo, St. Lucia,
and Trinidad, in woods on the hanks of mountain streams.
Cinchona floribunda, Swartz, prod. p. 41. fl. ind. occid. p. 375.
Lamb. mon. p. 17. t. 7. Cinch6na montana, Badier. in journ.
phys. 1789. febr. p. 129. t. 1. Cinchona, St. Luciae, David, phil.
3Q
482
RUBIACEJE. XV. EXOSTEMMA.
trans, vol. 74. Cinchona Luciana, Vittm. sinnm. suppl. 1. p.
264. Kinkina Piton. Act. nat. cur. 1787. Rozier, journ. de
phys. 1781. p. 169-179. and 1789. p. 129-132. t. 1. Murr.
append, med. vol. 1. p. 941. Panicle large, corymbose, ter-
minal. Leaves like those of Coffea Ardbica, 5-6 inches long.
Corolla 2 inches long before expansion, of a whitish purple
colour. The Quinquina Piton is of a cinnamon colour, and is
used as a succedaneum for Peruvian bark, but is somewhat
drastic.
Bundle-flowered Exostemma. Clt. 1794. Tree 20 to 80 ft.
11 E. CAPITA'TUM (Spreng. new. entd. 2. p. 143.) leaves ovate,
coriaceous, glabrous; flowers capitate ; calyx small, 5-toothed ;
corolla with a long tube, and revolute segments. Jj . S. Native
of South America. Perhaps only a variety of E. floribundum.
Specimens of this tree were received under the name of St.
Lucia bark.
Capitate-flowered Exostemma. Tree.
SECT. II. BRACHYA'NTHUM (from /Spa^vc, brachys, short, and
ovfloe, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the tube of the flower
being shorter than the segments). D. C. prod. 4. p. 360. Limb
of calyx divided even to the base into teeth. Corolla having
the tube shorter than the segments of the limb, or at the longest
hardly equal in length to them. Stigma sometimes undivided,
and sometimes somewhat 2-lobed. Corolla glabrous, or pu-
bescent on the outside.
12 E. PHILIPPICUM (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 366.)
leaves oval, acute, crowded, and are as well as the branches and
flowers glabrous ; peduncles terminal, corymbose ; teeth of
calyx short, acute ; tube of corolla rather shorter than the
segments of the limb ; filaments hairy. Jj . S. Native of the
Philippine Islands, at Manilla : and in Santa Cruz de la Laguna.
Cinchona Philippica, Cav. icon. 4. t. 329. Peduncles axillary,
tricliotomous, corymbose, bearing 2 leaves at the origin of the
branches, about the length of the leaves. Corolla 9 lines long
before expansion. Stigma clavate, marked by a furrow on
each side, probably from the cohesion of the lobes. Capsule
turbinate, 5 lines long, crowned by the calycine limb. Bark
bitter and astringent.
Philippine Exostemma. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
13 E. CORYMBIFERUM (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 20.)
leaves oblong, acute, and are as well as the branches and flowers
glabrous ; peduncles axillary, corymbose, bearing 2 leaves just
below the ramifications ; teeth of calyx short, acute ; segments
of corolla hardly shorter than the tube. Tj . S. Native of the
islands of Tongatabu and Eaove, in the Pacific Ocean, where it
is cultivated for the elegance and odour of its flowers. Cin-
chona corymbifera, Forst. act. nov. ups. 3. p. 176. Lin. fil.
suppl. p. 144. Lamb, cinch, p. 25. t. 5. Leaves deep green, size
of those of Coffea Ardbica : having the nerve purplish beneath.
Corymbs trichotomous. The bark is very bitter and sub-
astringent, and very like Jesuits' bark. Flowers white, but red-
dish on the outside.
Corymb-bearing Exostemma. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
14 E. PERUVIA'NUM (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 1. p. 133.
t. 38.) leaves ovate or oblong, acute, rounded at the base : the
superior ones sessile and cordate ; corymbs terminal, sessile ;
peduncles and calyxes pubescent ; corolla silky outside, f? . S.
Native of Peru, on the declivities of the Andes, in cold places
by the sides of streams, at the altitude of 3000 feet. H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 404. Cinchona Peruviana, Poir.
suppl. 4. p. 640. Flowers rose-coloured. Leaves smooth,
deep green above. Segments of corolla hardly shorter than the
tube. Filaments glabrous, adnate to the throat of the corolla.
btigma obsoletely 2-lobed. Teeth of calyx acute.
Peruvian Exostemma. Tree 10 to 12 feet.
15 E. CORYMBO'SUM (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 706.) leaves oblong-
lanceolate, acute, and are as well as the branches and flowers
glabrous ; corymbs terminal, brachiate ; teeth of calyx almost
linear, acute, spreading ; segments of corolla about equal in
length to the tube, fy . S. Native of Peru, in hot places
between Chaclla and Muna. Portlandia corymbosa, Ruiz et
Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 49. t. 190. f. a. Leaves shining above, 2-3
inches long. Corolla white : having the limb reflexed. Capsule
fuscous, turbinate. Seeds girded by a membranous wing, hence
it is not a species of Portlandia.
Corymbose-dowered Exostemma. Tree 15 to 18 feet.
16 E. DISSIMILIFLO'RUM (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 17.)
leaves cordate-oblong, quite glabrous ; limb of corolla longer
than the tube ; capsules almost linear, very narrow. F? . S.
Native of South America, at the altitude of 6000 or 7000 feet.
Cinchona dissimiliflorum, Mutis, in Humb. berl. mag. nat. 1.
p. 120.
Dissimilar -flowered Exostemma. Tree.
SECT. III. PSEUDOSTE'MMA. Limb of calyx campanulate,
sub-tubular, truncate, or somewhat 5-toothed. Corolla usually
villous on the outside : having the tube shorter than the seg-
ments of the limb. Stigma usually 2-lobed. Fruit unknown.
Flowers disposed in panicles. Species natives of Brazil. Per-
haps a proper genus.
17 E. CUSPIDA'TUM (St. Hil. pi. usuel. bras. 1. t. 3. f. A.)
leaves ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate, nerved, villous beneath ; pa-
nicle terminal ; limb of calyx campanulately tubular, obscurely
5-toothed, longer than the ovarium ; corolla villous on the out-
side : with the segments longer than the tube ; filaments villous
in the middle ; stigma bifid. Pj . S. Native of Brazil, in woods.
Leaves 9-15 lines long. Corolla white, 2-4 lines long. Fruit
unknown. It is called QuiiM do mato, and the bark is used as a
substitute for Peruvian bark.
Cuspidate-leaved Exostemma. Tree 8 to 10 feet.
18 E. AUSTRA'LE (St. Hil. pi. usuel. bras. 1. t. 3. f. B.) leaves
ovate, nerved, rather villous beneath ; panicle terminal, sessile,
tripartite ; limb of calyx campanulate, shorter than the ovarium,
bluntly 5-toothed ; corolla rather pubescent on the outside :
with the segments longer than the tube ; filaments glabrous ;
stigma undivided, fj . S. Native of Brazil, in woods. Leaves
12-15 inches long, and 7-8 broad. Style villous. The bark of
this and the preceding species is employed by the Brazilians in
the cure of intermittent fevers, from the want of more efficacious
remedies. It is bitter and a little astringent.
Southern Exostemma. Tree 8 to 10 feet.
19 E. FORMO'SUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 179.)
leaves obovate-elliptic, acute at both ends, rather granular when
examined under a lens ; panicle trichotomous, loosely pyramidal ;
limb of calyx quite entire ; corolla glabrous on the outside, but
the throat is villous, and the segments are rather pilose on the
inside, and a little longer than the tube ; stigma 2-lobed. T? • S.
Native of Brazil, within the tropics.
Far. a, leprosum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 361.) leaves large; tube
of corolla shorter than the segments of the limb.
Var. ft, Itzve (D. C. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate ; tube of corolla
longer than the segments of the limb.
Showy Exostemma. Tree.
20 E. SOUZA'NUM (Mart. reis. ex Linnaea. 5. p. 45.) leaves
obovate or ovate, acute, glabrous ; corymbs few-flowered, ter-
minal ; capsules hardly an inch long, obovate, compressed ;
valves usually 4-nerved ; seeds transversely oblong, with a broad
margin. Tj . S. Native of Brazil.
Sauza's Exostemma. Tree.
21 E. MACROCNE'MIA ; branches naked ; leaves oblong-spatu-
late, acuminated, tapering into the short petioles, smooth on both
1
RUBIACE^E. XV. EXOSTEMMA. XVI. DANAIS. XVII. MANETTIA.
483
surfaces, shining; stipulas connate at the base, and running
sound the petioles, and forming a callous semicircular margin to
them ; thyrse axillary, panicled, loose ; flowers minute, tetra-
merous ; fruit cylindrical ; seeds furnished with a quite entire
rounded membrane at both ends. Tj . S. Native of South
America, on the banks of the Amazon. Cinchona macrocnemia,
Mart, in bot.zeit.no. 7. p. 119. 1831.
Long-stamened Exostemma. Tree.
Cult. See Cinchona, p 479., for culture and propagation. The
species are of freer growth than those of Cinchona ; and the
cuttings should not be too ripe when taken off.
XVI. DAN A' IS (Safari, danae, the laurel of Alexandria;
similarity). Comm. herb. Vent. tabl. 2. p. 584. Pers. ench.
1. p. 198. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 385. D. C. prod. 4. p. 361.
— Paederia species, Juss. gen. p. 204. Lam. ill. t. 166. f. 2. —
Danais, spec. Poir. Cinchona species, Pet. Th.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Flowers dioecious from
abortion. Calyx with a short obovate tube, and a small limb,
which is 5-toothed to the base. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a
slender tube, a villous throat, and a 5-parted limb. Stamens
exserted in the male flowers, but abortive and inclosed in the
female flowers. Style exserted in the female flowers, and bifid
at the apex, but abortive in the male flowers. Capsule globose,
coriaceously chartaceous, marked by an areola at the apex
from the fallen calyx, 2-celled, dehiscing at the cells, 2-valved.
Seeds small, fixed to central placentas, imbricated downwards,
girded by a membranous wing ; albumen fleshy. — Smooth,
climbing, or straggling shrubs, natives of the Mauritius. Roots
exuding a yellow juice when bruised. Leaves oblong or round-
ish. Stipulas solitary on each side, broad, very short. Pedun-
cles axillary, many-flowered, corymbose, with opposite branch-
lets. Flowers fragrant, orange-coloured, sometimes hexamerous.
1 D. FRA'ORANS (Comm. ex Lam. ill. t. 166. f. 2.) leaves
oblong ; corymbs crowded ; capsule not furrowed, crowned by
the permanent, spreading, calycine teeth. Jj . ^,. S. Native
of the Mauritius. Gaertn. fit. carp. 3. p. 83. 1. 195. D. fragrans
/3, coronata, Pers. ench. 1. p. 198. Psederia fragrans, Lam.
diet. 2. p. 260. Cinchona A'fro-I'nda, Willem. herb. maur. p.
16. Petioles 3-4 lines long. Corymbs crowded, many-flow-
ered, twice longer than the petioles. Segments of corolla
narrow, spreading. Flowers small, red, swelling like those of
Narcissus.
Fragrant Danais. Shrub cl.
2 D. LAXIFLO'RA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 361.) leaves obovate,
obtuse, and cuspidate ; corymbs loose, sub-panicled ; cap-
sule not furrowed, crowned by the erect permanent calycine
teeth, fj . w. S. Native of Madagascar and Bourbon. Pe-
tioles 4 lines long. Panicle of female flowers 2-3 inches long,
but that of the males is unknown.
Loose-fionered Danais. Shrub cl.
3 D. ROTUNDIFO'LIA (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 450.) leaves ovate-
roundish, acutish at the apex ; corymbs crowded ; capsule not
furrowed, crowned by the toothless truncate limb of the calyx.
fj . ^. S. Native of the Mauritius, where it is called Liane
de bois jaune. Cinchbna chlorrhiza, Bory, in litt. Malanea
verticillata, Sieb. fl. maur. exsic. 2. p. 264. exclusive of the
synonymes. Petioles 7-8 lines long
much shorter than the leaves.
inches long.
Round-leaved Danais. Shrub cl.
4 D. SULCA'TA (Pers. ench. l.p. 198.) leaves ovate ; capsule
furrowed, crowned by the calycine segments, which are folia-
ceous. Tj . w. S. Native of the Mauritius, where it climbs
over the highest trees.
Furrowed-fiuhed Danais. Shrub climbing.
Corymbs hardly an inch,
lowers small. Leaves 2-3
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will be a good soil
for the species of Danais ; and cuttings will be easily rooted
under a hand-glass, in heat. They are well fitted for training
up the rafters in a stove.
XVII. MANETTIA (named after Xavier Manetti, prefect
of the botanic Garden at Florence, and secretary of the botanic
society there. Author of Viridarium Florentinum 1751 : and
Regnum Vegetabile, 1756). Mutis, in Lin. Mant. (1771.) p.
556. gen. ed. vii. no. 171. Schreb. gen. 181. H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 387. D. C. prod. 4. p. 361. but
not of Adans. — Nacibea, Aubl. (1775.) guian. 1. p. 96. t. 37.
Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 384. exclusive of Forsk. syn. and the
syn. in fl. per.
LIN. SYST. Tetra-Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with a
turbinate tube, and the limb parted into as many lobes as there
are corolline segments, or double that number (f. 88. a.), and
often furnished with lobules in the recesses between the seg-
ments. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a terete tube, a hairy
throat (f. 88. c.) and a 4 (f. 88. 6.), rarely 5-parted limb. An-
ther sessile in the throat. Capsule ovate, compressed, crowned
by the calycine lobes (f. 88. d.), dehiscing from the apex to the
base at the dissepiment (f. 88. d.) : the divisions boat-shaped.
Placentas somewhat exserted from the dissepiment. Seeds
imbricate, almost sessile, peltate, surrounded by a winged mem-
branous border, which is usually toothed. Embryo erect, in
fleshy albumen ; cotyledons foliaceous, lanceolate. — Perennial,
herbaceous, or suffruticose plants : having the stems and branches
twining and slender. Leaves ovate-oblong, or subcordate.
Stipulas broad, short, acute, usually adhering to the petioles
at the base. Peduncles axillary, 1 or many-flowered.
SECT. I. LYOISTUM (from Xuyoc, lygos, a twig ; in reference
to the twiggy stems). D. C. prod. 4. p. 362. — Lygistum, P.
Browne. — Manettia, Mutis, Lin. and Schreb. Lobes of calyx
twice the number of those of the segments of the corolla, usually
8 (f. 88. a.), rarely 10 ; besides the accessory lobules.
1 M. RECLINA'TA (Lin. mant. p. 553.) stem herbaceous, re-
clinate, weak, branched ; leaves ovate, acute, pubescent beneath ;
peduncles axillary, many-flowered, shorter than the leaves ;
pedicels opposite, hairy. 0 . w. G. Native of Mexico. Corolla
white. Calyx 8-lobed ; lobes linear, concave, hairy. Nacibea
reclinata, Poir. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 416.
Reclinate-brancheA Manettia. PI. tw.
2 M. RACEMO'SA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 58. t. 89.) stems
twining ; branches tetragonal ; leaves ovate or oblong, acumin-
ated ; stipulas semi-circular, acuminated, ciliated ; racemes ax-
illary, few-flowered, longer than the leaves ; corollas hairy. I? .
^. S. Native of Peru, in groves at Cuchero and Chinchao.
M. mutabilis, Pers. ench. 1. p.
134. Nacibea mutabilis, Poir.
suppl. 4. p. 55. Lobes of calyx
8, but in the ultimate flowers 10,
according to the figure ; and
sometimes 4-5, according to the
description. Corolla purplish.
7?ocemose-flowered Manettia.
Shrub tw.
3 M. COCCINEA (Willd. spec.
1. p. 625.) stems twining;
branches tetragonal ; leaves
ovate, acuminated, glabrous,
shining ; stipulas oblong, acute ;
peduncles axillary, racemose,
few-flowered, shorter than the
leaves. T? . ^. S. Native of
French Guiana. Ker. bot. reg. 693
3 a 2
FIG. 88.
Nacibea coccinea, Aubl.
484
RUBIACE^E. XVII. MANETTIA.
guian. 1. p. 96. t. 37. f. 1. Calyx oblong, compressed: having
4 furrows on each side, and 8-lobed at the apex ; lobes narrow,
acute, fleshy. Corolla having a white tube, spotted with red, a
throat closed by yellow hairs : and 4 oval, acute lobes, which are
scarlet and villous above.
Scarlet-dowered Manettia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1806.
Shrub tw.
4 M. LYoisTUM (Swartz, prod. 4. p. 362. fl. ind. occ. p. 323.)
stem suffruticose, flexuous, scandent ; branches filiform ; leaves
ovate, acute, veiny, roughish on the nerves beneath ; stipulas
subulate, very short ; peduncles axillary, longer than the leaves,
many-flowered. T? . ^. S. Native of the south of Jamaica, on
the higher mountains. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 413. exclusive of the
syn. of Kunth. Lygistum, Browne, jam. p. 142. t. 3. f. 2. but
the calyx is said to be 4-lobed and the fruit baccate and 4-
celled, and is therefore the Petesia Lygistum, Lin. spec. 160.
the Lygistum axillare, Lam. ill. 1. p. 286. t. 67. f. 2., in which
the calyx is also delineated with 4 lobes, and therefore also the
Coccocypsilum biflorum, Willd. spec. 1. p. 618.; the Fernelia
biflora, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 187. Perhaps 2 species
are here confused, one with a 4-lobed calyx and the other with
an 8-lobed calyx : having 4 of the lobes lanceolate, and 4 of
them tooth -formed and smaller.
Twiggy Manettia.- Fl. Feb. April. Clt. 1822. Sh. cl.
5 M. HAVANNE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
388.) stems twining ; branches angular ; floriferous branchlets
by threes; 1-3-flowered ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated,
glabrous, fj . /~>. S. Native of Cuba, in humid places near
the Havannah. Leaves usually 3 in a whorl. Flowers unknown.
Capsule roundish, crowned by the 8 linear lobes of the calyx.
Seeds girded by a jagged wing.
Havannah Manettia. Shrub tw.
6 M. CUSPIDA'TA (Bert, in Spreng. syst. 1. p. 415.) plant
glabrous ; stems twining ; branches filiform, rather tetragonal ;
leaves oval-oblong, acuminated ; stipulas broad, very short ;
peduncles axillary, bipartite; pedicels elongated, 1-flowered.
>2 . /~>. S. Native of Jamaica, Trinidad, and Mexico. Calyx
roughish, turbinate, with 8 linear elongated subulate lobes.
Corolla smoothish. Capsule oval, compressed, glabrous, with 8
nerves, which remain after the seeds have fallen. Seeds girded
by a toothed wing.
Cuspidate-leaved Manettia. S'irub tw.
7 M. UNIFLO'RA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 387.)
stems suff'rutescent, scandent; branches tetragonal, rather his-
pid ; leaves ovate-oblong, ending in a narrow acumen, rather
pilose above and glabrous beneath ; peduncles terminal and
lateral, 1-flowered. *j . w. S. Native of New Andalusia, in
temperate places near Caripe. Stipulas short, ovate, ciliated.
Corolla red. Lobes of calyx 8, linear. Capsule pear-shaped,
8-ribbed. Wings of seeds laciniately toothed. According to
Kunth this is very nearly allied to M. racemosa.
One-lowered Manettia. Shrub cl.
SECT. II. NACI'BEA (Aublet does not give the meaning of this
word). D. C. prod. 4. p. 3(i3. Lobes of calyx equal in num-
ber to the lobes of the corolla, usually 4, without any accessory
lobules.
8 M. CORDIFO'LIA (Mart. spec. mat. med. bras. 1. p. 19. t.
7.) stems herbaceous, twining, terete, roughish ; leaves ovate,
cordate at the base, acute at the apex, finely pubescent on both
surfaces; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered. l/.^. G. Native
of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, at Villa Ricca, in
hedges and on the margins of woods. Roots woody, brown,
and are an excellent remedy in dropsy and dysentery. Lobes
of calyx 4, ovate-lanceolate, downy. Corolla scarlet, an inch
long, glabrous outside, and villous inside.
Heart-leaved Manettia. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1832. PI. tw.
9 M. GLA'BRA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 159.)
plant quite glabrous ; stems twining ; leaves cordate, acumin-
ated ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered. If. . r>. G. Native of
the South of Brazil, among bushes, on the banks of rivers and
rivulets, as on the Uraquay. Corolla scarlet, glabrous on the
outside, but clothed with white villi above the base inside.
Stigma club-shaped. Stipulas with a subulate point in the
middle. Segments of calyx narrower than in M. cordifblia,
which plant is very similar, and which Hook, and Arnott con-
sider identical.
Glabrous Manettia. PI. tw.
10 M. GRA'CILIS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnrea. 4. p. 169.)
plant puberulous, twining ; leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate,
acuminated ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered ; calyx glabrous.
If. . /"\ S. Native of the south of Brazil. Very like M. glabra,
but is distinguished by the characters given, in the flowers being
smaller and slenderer, also scarlet ; in the calycine lobes being
narrower, and in the anthers being linear.
Slender Manettia. PI. tw.
11 M. PUBE'SCENS (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 170.) plant
cinereous from down ; stems twining ; leaves petiolate, ovate, ob-
tuse at the base, and acuminated at the apex ; stipulas furnished
with a short acumen ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered ; calycine
segments longer than the tube, but at length equal with it. TJ. .
/">. S. Native of the south of Brazil. Very like the two pre-
ceding species. Corolla scarlet, 3 times longer than the limb
of the calyx.
Pubescent Manettia. PL tw.
12 M. VILLOVSA (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 172.) plant
twining ; branches cinereously tomentose from roughish down ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, somewhat acuminated, acutish at the
base ; stipulas triangular ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered ; seg-
ments of the calyx linear, one half shorter than the tube of the
corolla ; corolla pubescent on the outside ; capsule ovate, rather
villous. y. . ^, S. Native of the south of Brazil.
Villous Manettia. PL tw.
13 M. ATTENUA'TA (Nees. et Mart, in nov. act. bonn. 12.
p. 14.) stem scandent, almost terete, roughish ; leaves ovate-
lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, clothed with pubescent to-
mentum beneath ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered. J? . r^. S.
Native of Brazil, on the road to Felisbert, and in fields at the
mountain called Grao-major, in the province of the Mines.
Lobes of calyx 4, lanceolate, acuminated, erect, pubescent.
Corolla glabrous, 2 inches long, crimson, with ovate acutish re-
flexed lobes. Upper leaves 3 in a whorl.
Attenuated-leaved Manettia. Shrub tw.
14 M. ACUTIFOLIA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 58. t. 89. f. b.)
plant glabrous ; stems twining, terete ; leaves lanceolate, very
acute, petiolate ; stipulas acuminated, adpressed, broad at the
base; peduncles axillary, 1-3-flowered; tube of corolla hardly
longer than the calyx, y.. r>. S. Native of Peru, in groves,
in the province of Panatahua. M. acutiflora, Rcem. et Schultes,
syst. 3. p. 203. Nacibea acutiflora, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 55. Lobes
of calyx 4, lanceolate-linear, acute. Corolla purple, villous out-
side, as well as in the throat.
Acute-flowered Manettia. Shrub tw.
15 M. UMBELLA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 58. t. 90.
f. a.) plant glabrous ; stems scandent, terete ; leaves ovate and
rather cordate, acute ; stipulas broad at the base, acuminated,
adpressed ; peduncles axillary, many flowered, umbellate. lj •
,_,. S. Native of Peru, in groves, at Muna. Nacibea umbel-
lata, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 55. Bracteas 2-4, surrounding the
flower in the manner of an involucrum. Lobes of calyx 4, lan-
ceolate. Corolla blue, with a bearded throat.
Umbellate-fiowered Manettia. Shrub cl,
RUBIACE.E. XVII. MANETTIA. XVIII. BOUVARDIA.
485
16 M. ROSEA (Pohl, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 364.) stems
rather twining, compressedly angular, rather pubescent; leaves
oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; stipulas broad, short, acuminated ;
peduncles axillary, bifid, 2-flowered, shorter than the leaves.
fj . ^. S. Native of Brazil. Lobes of calyx 4, lanceolate,
longer than the tube of the calyx. Corollas rose-coloured,
larger than in any other species of the genus, pubescent outside,
with oblong ciliated segments.
/fose-coloured-flowered Manettia. Shrub tw.
17 M. PI'CTA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 625.) stems suffruticose,
twining ; leaves ovate, acute, on short petioles ; peduncles some-
what corymbose at the apex, longer than the leaves. fj . /"\ S.
Native of Cayenne. Nacibea alba, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 96. t. 37.
f. 1. Conotrichia alba, A. Rich. diss. with a figure. Coccocip-
silum virgatum, Lam. ill. no. 1457.? Spreng. syst. 1. p. 417.
ex synonymes. Leaves variegated with yellow. Calyx 4-tooth-
ed. Corolla white, having the hairs in the throat erect, and
forming an exserted truncate cone, ex A. Rich., with the lobes
villous on the upper side. Flowers varying from 4 to 5-parted,
according to Aublet's figure.
Painted-\eavetl Manettia. Shrub tw.
18 M. FIMBRIA'TA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 173.)
plant twining and quite glabrous ; leaves petiolate, elliptic, acu-
minated, acute at the base; peduncles lateral, 1-3-flowered;
lobes of calyx ovate-lanceolate, a little shorter than the tube of
the corolla ; lobes of corolla fringed with long hairs ; stigma 4-
lobed. l/.^. S. Native of the south of Brazil.
/'Yino'erf-flowered Manettia. PI. tw.
19 M. PSEU'DO-DIODIA (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 174.) stems
twining, obscurely tetragonal, glabrous, marked by a ciliated
line at the apex ; leaves petiolate, broad-oval, acuminated, acute
at the base; stipulas triangular, ciliated; peduncles lateral, 1-3-
flowered ; segments of calyx lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated ;
corolla clothed with grumbse tomentum outside ; capsule tetra-
gonal, pear-shaped. 1£. ^. S. Native of the south of Brazil.
Dioclia pedunculata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 405.
False-Diodia Manettia. PI. tw.
20 M. CILIA'TA (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 176.) stems twin-
ing, tetragonal ; angles winged, ciliated ; leaves on short pe-
tioles, lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated, rather coriaceous ; stipu-
las ciliated, ending each in a reflexed acumen ; peduncles 1-3-
flowered, pubescent ; segments of calyx lanceolate, acuminated,
ciliated; corolla clothed with rusty tomentum on the outside;
capsule obconical. Tf.. '~1. S. Native of the south of Brazil.
Ciliated-stemmed Munettia. PI. tw.
21 M. ALBIFLORA (Schott, mss. ex Pohl, in litt. D. C. prod.
4. p. 364.) stems herbaceous; branches tetragonal, rather pilose;
leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends, pubescent on both sur-
faces ; stipulas broad, short, cuneated ; pedicels numerous, 1-
flowered, rising umbellately from the axils of the leaves. Tl . /"\
5. Native of Brazil. Calyx with a turbinate, rather tetra-
gonal tube, and 4 lanceolate lobes. Corolla white. Fruit un-
known.
White-flowered Manettia. PI. tw.
•f- Species not sufficiently known.
22 M. G;ERTNE*RI (D. C. prod. 4. p. 364.) stems and leaves
unknown ; capsule ovate, compressed a little, bisulcate, crowned
by the 4-parted limb of the calyx. — The rest unknown. Naci-
bea glabra, G;ertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 102. t. 197. f. 5.
Gartner's Manettia. PI. tw.
23 M. SECUNDIFI.ORA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 364.) plant herba-
ceous, scandent ; leaves ovate-lanceolate-linear ; racemes axil-
lary, subsecund, few-flowered ; flowers on short pedicels, brac-
teate. Tf.. ? ^. S. Native of St. Domingo. Psederia secundi-
fl6ra, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 450. Nacibea species, ex A. Rich.
Nacibea angustifolia, Vahl, ined. ex Rich.
Secund-florvered Manettia. PI. cl.
Cult. All the species of Manettia are worth cultivating for
the beauty and elegance of their flowers. A mixture of loam
peat and sand is the best soil for them. They are easily pro-
pagated by young cuttings in the same kind of soil under a hand-
glass, in a moderate heat.
XVIII. BOUVA'RDIA (named after Dr. Charles Bouvard,
formerly superintendent of the Jardin du Roi at Paris).
Salisb. parad. lond. 2. no. 88. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 1. p.
245. Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 383. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p.
383. exclusive of the tetrandrous species of Rondeletia. — -<Egi-
netia, Cav. icon. 6. p. 51. but not of Lin. nor Roxb. — Houstonia
species, Andr. — Houstonia, section Christimia, Rafin. ann. gen.
sc. phys. 5. p. 224.
LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx with a subglobose
tube (f. 89. a.), and a 4-parted limb (f. 89. 6.) ; lobes linear-
subulate (f. 89. 6.), sometimes with a tooth between each lobe.
Corolla funnel-shaped (f. 89. e.}, tubular, elongated, beset with
velvety papillae outside, with a naked throat, and a 4-parted
spreading short limb (f. 89. rf.). Stamens having the filaments
adnate to the tube at the base, and free from about the middle
(f. 89. e.) ; anthers linear, inclosed. Stigma bilamellate (f. 89.
g.), exserted. Superior part of the ovarium naked. Capsule
membranaceous, globose, a little compressed, 2-celled, and
dehiscing at the cells above ; valves semi-septiferous. Pla-
centas orbicular. Seeds many in each cell, compressed, imbri-
cated downwards according to the figure of Salisbury, but up-
wards according to the figure in fl. mex., girded by a membra-
nous wing. — Shrubs, natives of Mexico. Leaves opposite or in
whorles. Stipulas narrow, acute, adnate to the petioles on both
sides. Peduncles terminal, 3-flowered or trichotomous and
corymbose. — This genus is very nearly allied to Manettia.
§ 1. Leaves disposed in whorles. Corollas flesh-coloured or
pale red, having the tube bearded inside.
1 B. LINEA'RIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 383.)
branches terete, when young pubescent ; leaves 3 in a whorl,
linear, with revolute edges, scabrous above, but canescent from
hairs beneath ; corymbs trichotomous ; lobes of calyx 5 times
shorter than the tube of the corolla, which is hairy. I? . G.
Native of the temperate parts of Mexico, near St. Augustin de
Las Cuevas, Moran, &c. Corolla 8 lines long, pale red.
linear-leaved Bouvardia. Shrub 5 feet.
2 B. ANGUSTIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 384.) branches
terete, smootlmh ; leaves 3 in a whorl, lanceolate, with revolute
edges, glabrous above, but beset with fine hairs beneath ; co-
rymbs somewhat trichotomous ; lobes of calyx 2 or 3 times
shorter than the tube of the corolla, which is hairy. fj . G. Native
of temperate parts of Mexico, along with the preceding. There
is a variety of this species with 5-cleft flowers. Flowers pale
red.
Narrow-leaved Bouvardia. Shrub.
3 B. HIRTE'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branches terete ;
branchlets and leaves hairy on both surfaces, lanceolate, with re-
volute edges ; flowers corymbose ; lobes of calyx 5-6 times
shorter than the tube of the corolla, which is hairy. f? . G.
Native about the city of Mexico. Flowers pale red or flesh-
coloured.
Hairy Bouvardia. Shrub.
4 B. auATERNiroLiA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 365.) branches striat-
ed, rather downy ; leaves 4 in a whorl, lanceolate, acuminated,
rather scabrous above, and pubescent beneath ; corymbs tricho-
tomous ; lobes of calyx 6 times shorter than the tube of the
486
RUBIACE.E. XVIII. BOUVARDIA. XIX. PINCKNEYA. XX. CALYCOPHYLLUM.
corolla, which is pilose. I? . G. Native about the city of
Mexico. Carphalea? pubiflora, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon,
ined. Flowers scarlet, 12-14 lines long. Perhaps only a variety
of B. hirtella.
Four-leaved Bouvardia. Shrub.
5 B. JAcaui'Ni (H. B. et FIG. 89.
Kunth, 1. c. p. 385.) branchlets
trigonal, and are, as well as the
under side of the leaves, hairy ;
leaves smoothish above, 3 in a
whorl, oblong ; corymbs some-
what trichotomous ; lobes of
calyx 5 times shorter than the
tube of the corolla, which is
hairy. Tj . G. Native near the
city of Mexico. Ixora Ameri-
cana, Jacq. hort. schcenbr. 3. p.
9. t. 257. Ixora ternifolia, Cav.
icon. 4. p. 3. t. 305. exclusive
of the description of the seeds.
Houstonia coccmea, Andr. hot.
rep. 106. Delaun. herb. amat.
t. 116. Bouvardia triphylla, var. a, Salisb. parad. no. 88. Ker,
bot. reg. 107. Ix6ra Americana and Hedyotis fruticosa, Moc.
et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Tlacoxochilt jasminiflora, Hern,
mex. p. 231. with a figure. Corolla scarlet, with the tube about
9 lines long. There are varieties of this species with either
pubescent or glabrous leaves.
Var. ft, exogyna (D. C. prod. 4. p. 365.) leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, acuminated ; style exserted. T? . G. Cultivated in
gardens.
Var. y, ovata (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acute. I? . G. Bou-
vardia triphylla, var. ft, Salisb. parad. t. 88.
Jacquin's Bouvardia. Fl. April, Nov. Clt. 1794. Shrub 2
to 3 feet.
6 B. ? OBOVA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 385.) branches
tetragonal, striated, and are, as well as the leaves, smoothish ;
leaves 4 in a whorl, obovate ; corymbs trichotomous. If. . G.
Native of Mexico, between Chapoltepec and Tezcuco. Herb
1-3 feet high, ex Bonpland. Perhaps this is a true species of
Bouvardia, ex Kunth.
O&ot-afe-leaved Bouvardia. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
§ 2. Leaves opposite. Corolla with a beardless tube.
7 B. VERSI'COLOR (Ker, bot. reg. t. 254.) branches terete,
glabrous, velvety while young ; leaves opposite, lanceolate,
ciliated ; corymbs 3-flowered, trichotomous, drooping ; lobes of
calyx 8 times shorter than the tube of the corolla, which is gla-
brous both inside and outside. Fj • G. Native of South Ame-
rica, but in what place is unknown. Corolla with a scarlet tube,
which is 9 lines long, but having the limb yellowish inside.
Party-coloured-dowered Bouvardia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1814.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
8 B. TRIFLORA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 386. t.
288.) branches terete, glabrous ; branchlets rather hairy ; leaves
opposite, lanceolate-oblong, acute, rounded at the base, beset with
fine hairs ; peduncles terminal, 3-flowered; lobes of calyx 3 or
4 times shorter than the tube of the corolla, which is glabrous.
*2 . G. Native of the temperate parts of Mexico. Centrum
spermacocif61ium, Willd. rel. mss. in Roem. et Schultes, syst.
4. p. 808. Corolla white, with the tube 5-6 lines long.
Three-flowered Bouvardia. Shrub.
9 B. LONGIFLORA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 386.) branches
compressedly tetragonal, glabrous ; leaves opposite, oblong,
acute, cuneated at the base, glabrous ; flowers terminal, solitary,
sessile ; lobes of calyx 3 or 4 times shorter than the tube of the
corolla, which is glabrous. ^ . G. Native of temperate parts
of Mexico, near Santa Anita, where it is called by the natives
Flor de San Juan ; also near Queretaro and Huanajuato, ex
Cav. ; and at Pascuaro, ex Cervantes, in herb. Haenke. ^Egi-
netia longiflora, Cav. icon. 6. p. 51. t. 572. f. 1. Corolla
white, with the tube 2 or 3 inches long. Stipulas usually cleft
into 2 awns at the apex.
Long-flowered Bouvardia. Clt. 1827. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
10 B. CAVANILLE'SII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 366.) sufFruticose ;
leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, rather villous be-
neath ; peduncles terminal, trifid, 3-flowered; capsule trans-
versely ovate, somewhat didymous. ^ . G. Native of Mexico.
jEginetia multiflora, Cav. icon. 6. p. 52. t. 572. f. 2. without
flowers.
Cavanilles's Bouvardia. Shrub.
11 B. CORDIFO^LIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 366.) suffruticose ; leaves
opposite, on very short petioles, cordate, acute ; corymbs termi-
nal, sessile, 8-1 0-flowered. J? . G. Native of Mexico. Ixora
cordifolia, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Corolla from dirty
yellow to scarlet, 6-7 lines long.
Heart-leaved Bouvardia. Shrub.
Cult. The species of this genus usually bear red or scarlet
flowers, and are therefore worth cultivating in gardens. The
readiest way of increasing them is by pieces of the roots, planted
in a pot of good mould, and placed in a warm situation ; or they
may be increased by young cuttings, which root readily under a
hand-glass, in a mixture of sand, peat, and loam, in heat.
XIX. PINCKNE'YA (named after an American gentleman
of the name of Pinckney, who is now forgotten). Michx. fl.bor.
amer. 1. p. 103. t. 13. Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 80. t. 194. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 366. D. Don, in Lin. trans, vol. 17. ined. — Pink-
nea, Pers. ench. 1. p. \Z1. — Mussaa'nda species, Juss. — Cin-
chona species, Poir.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, having
one of the segments large, coriaceous, and coloured. Corolla
tubular, with a 5-cleft limb, which is valvate in aestivation.
Stamens 5, exserted, inserted in the base of the tube ; anthers
peltate. Stigma emarginate. Capsule 2-celled, dehiscing at
the dissepiment. Seeds compressed, surrounded by a winged
membranous margin, which is emarginate at the base. — A tree,
native of North America. Branches opposite. Leaves oval,
acute at both ends, tomentose beneath, as well as the branches.
Stipulas deciduous. Flowers rather large, pubescent, pale red,
bracteolate, disposed in cymes ; the cymes rising from the axils
of the upper leaves. Large calycine leaves, white, tinged with red.
1 P. PU'BENS (Mich. 1. c.) I? . F. Native of North Ame-
rica, in Georgia, on the banks of the river St. Maria, in muddy
places ; and on the banks of the New river in South Carolina.
Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 158. Ell. sketch. 1. p. 268. Cin-
chona Caroliniana, Poir. diet. 6. p. 40. Pinkneya pub£scens,
Pers. ench. 1. p. 197. The bark of this tree is used in place of
Peruvian bark in Georgia and Carolina, under the name of fever
bark.
Downy Pinckneya. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1786. Tree 20 ft.
Cult. This tree is usually treated as a greenhouse plant in
Britain ; but thrives much better against a south wall, with the
protection of a mat in severe weather. A mixture of sand and
peat is the best soil for it ; and cuttings planted in sand, with
a hand-glass placed over them, will strike root.
XX. CALYCOPHY'LLUM (from Ka\v£, calyx, a calyx, and
<f>v\\ov, phyllon, a leaf; in allusion to one of the teeth of the
calyx being expanded into a large petiolate coloured leaf.)
D. C. prod. 4. p. 367. — Macrocnemum, Vahl, symb. 2. p. 38.
but not of Browne — Mussae'nda species, Poir.
RUBIACE^E. XX. CALYCOPHYLLUM. XXI. SARCOCEPHALUS. XXII. ZUCCARINIA. XXIII. LUCIN.SEA.
487
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Lirab of calyx truncate,
or bluntly S-toothed ; one of the teeth expanded into a petiolate
coloured membranous leaf. Corolla campanulate or funnel-
shaped, with a 5-parted limb. Stamens 5 ; filaments rising from
the throat, free, length of corolla ; anthers oval, exserted. Style
ending in 2 reflexed stigmas. Capsule dehiscing at the apex,
oblong, 2-celled, many seeded. Seeds fixed to the linear pla-
centas, imbricate, oblong, girded by a very narrow membranous
wing. — Small smoothish trees, natives of the West Indies.
Leaves opposite, petiolate, membranous, glabrous above, but vil-
lous on the veins beneath. Stipulas short, broad, deciduous.
Flowers disposed in axillary and terminal trichotomous corymbs ;
peduncles compressed. Habit of Mussee'nda.
\ C. CANDIDI'SSIMUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 367.) leaves ovate,
bluntly acuminated ; corymbs terminal ; limb of calyx truncate,
except the petiolate leaf; corolla campanulate, with a bearded
throat. \) . S. Native of St. Martha, Vahl, and near St. Fer-
nando de Atabapo, on the banks of the Orinoco, H. B. et
Kunth ; and of Cuba, about the Havannah. Macrocnenum
candidissimum, Vahl, symb. 2. p. 38. t. 30. Mussae'nda candi-
dissima, Roam, et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 251. M. Candida, Poir.
diet. 4. p. 395. The peduncles of the corymbs are 2-edged.
Calyxes villous. Flowers 3 together, the middle one bearing a
petiolate leaf, but the 2 lateral ones are naked. Leaves 2-3
inches long. Leaf of calyx hardly an inch long, white, some-
times ovate, and sometimes subcordate.
Pery-rvkite-leaved Calycophyllum. Tree 20 feet.
2 C. COCCI'NEUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 367.) leaves elliptic-lan-
ceolate ; corymbs axillary, disposed in an elongated panicle ;
limb of calyx bluntly 5-toothed ; corolla somewhat funnel-
shaped, glabrous. "j. S. Native of 'the island of Trinidad.
Macrocnenum coccmeum, Vahl, symb. 2. p. 38. t. 29. Mus-
sae'nda coccinea, Poir. diet. 4. p. 395. Leaves a foot long and
a hand broad. Flowers crowded, few, bearing each an oval-
oblong, purple or scarlet calycine leaf, which is about 6 inches
long.
Scarlet-leaved Calycophyllum. Clt. 1823. Tree 20 feet.
3 C. TUBULOSUM (B.C. prod. 4. p. 367.) leaves oval, acute
at the base, acuminated at the apex, clothed with fine velvety
down on both surfaces ; panicles terminal ; limb of calyx
bluntly 5-toothed ; corolla tubular, pubescent on the outside ;
large lobe of calyx petiolate, orbicular and pubescent on the
nerves and veins, fj . S. Native of Brazil. Macrocnemum
tubulosum, A. Richard, in herb. mus. par. Capsule ovate, trun-
cate, dehiscing from the apex to the base at the dissepiment.
Anthers exserted. Filaments joined together beyond the middle
into a tube.
jT«6u/ar-stamened Calycophyllura. Tree.
Cult. Like Mussee'nda this genus is remarkable for the large
coloured segment of the calyx, which see for culture and pro-
pagation, p. 492.
Tribe II.
GARDENIA'CE^E (this tribe agrees with the genus Gar-
denia in important characters). A. Rich. diss. p. 108. D. C. prod.
4. p. 367. — Gardenieas and Coccocyselese, Cham, et Schlecht. in
Linnaea. 4. p. 138. and 197. Fruit baccate, 2-celled, or from
abortion only 1 -celled ; cells many seeded. Albumen fleshy,
Seeds not winged. — Trees or shrubs, with opposite leaves, and
interpetiolar stipulas.
SUBTRIBE I. SARCOCEPHA'LEJE (agreeing with Sarcocephalus in
the fruit being combined and fleshy). D. C. prod. 4. p. 367.
Flowers collected into a bracteated head (f. 90. a.), sessile upon
the receptacle. Fruit combined (f. 90. 6.).
XXI. SARCOCE'PHALUS (from <mp£ vapKos, sarx sarkos,
fleshy, and Kc<f>a\ri, kephale, a head ; in allusion to the fruit being
combined into a fleshy head). Afz. in herb. Banks, Sabin. hort.
trans. 5. p. 442. t. 18. D. C. prod. 4. p. 367. — Cephalina,
Thonn. in Schum. pi. guin. p. 105.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Flowers 5-6-parted,
sessile upon the globose receptacle (f. 90. a.), which with the
calyxes are combined into a globose fleshy mass. Limb of calyx
with a very short margin. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-cleft : lobes
erect, obtuse. Anthers sessile in the throat of the corolla. Style
exserted; stigma oblong, capitate, undivided. Berries 1-celled?
many seeded, the whole combined into one mass (f. 90. 6.),
which is areolate from the margins of the calyxes. Seeds
small, somewhat kidney-shaped. — A spreading branchy shrub.
Leaves opposite, on short petioles, roundish-oval, acute, shining
above, and pubescent in the axils of the veins beneath. Stipulas
solitary on each side, triangular, undivided, almost concrete at
the base. Heads terminal, on short peduncles or sessile, about
the size of a peach. Flowers rose coloured or yellowish.
FIG. 90.
1 S. ESCULE'NTUS (Sabin. in
hort. trans. 5. t. 18.) Native of
Guinea, in many parts, as of
Sierra Leone and Gambia. Lindl.
bot. reg. t. 1827. Cephalina
scandens, Thonn. in Schum. pi.
guin. 105. Nauclea latifblia,
Smith in Rees' cycl. 24. no. 5.
The heads of fruit are edible,
and by the negroes of Sierra
Leone called peach ; they are
brown when ripe. Cephalina
scandens of Schum. is probably
a distinct species, as the Sierra
Leone plant does not climb at
all. (f. 90.)
Edible-fruited Sarcocephalus.
Fl. July. Clt. 1822. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Cult. A mixture of loam and peat is the best soil for this
plant ; and cuttings are easily rooted in the same kind of soil
under a hand-glass, in heat. The shrub requires to be kept in
a strong heat, or it will neither flower nor fruit.
XXII. ZUCCARI'NIA (J. G. Zuccarini, a professor in the
academy at Monach ; author of some papers in the transactions
of that academy). Blum, bijdr. (1826.) p. 1006. but not of
Spreng. (1827.)
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an oval tube
and a 5-toothed limb. Corolla with a short tube, and an erect
5-lobed limb. Anthers 5, linear, inclosed, adnate to the tube
between the segments. Stigma bifid, hardly exserted. Ovarium
covered by a depressed disk. Berries oval, stipitate, crowned
by the calyx, 2-celled. Seeds compressed, 2 rows in each cell.
Embryo albuminous, centripetal. — A fine tree, having the ulti-
mate branches compressed. Leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated,
undulated, glabrous. Stipulas twin, keeled, semi-concrete on
both sides. Heads of flowers pedunculate, axillary, solitary.
Receptacle hemispherical. Flowers aggregate, sessile, bracteate.
1 Z. MACROPHY'LLA (Blum. 1. c.) fj . S. . Native of the west
of Java, in woods on the mountains, where it is called Kibara.
Leaves more than a foot long.
Long-leaved Zuccarinia. Tree.
Cult. See Sarcocephalus above for culture and propagation.
XXIII. LUCINJTA (Lucina is one of the names of Juno or
Diana). D. C. prod. 4. p. 368.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Flowers combined into
a dense head. 'Margin of calyx entire. Corolla funnel-shaped,
488
XXIII. LUCIN^A. XXIV. CANEPHORA. XXV. BURCHELLIA. XXVI. AMAIOUA.
4-parted, densely villous inside. Stamens 4, shorter than the
corolla ; filaments short ; anthers linear. Stigma bifid. Berries
combined, 2-celled, many-seeded. Seeds numerous, angular.
— A glabrous somewhat dichotomous shrub. Leaves petiolate,
ovate, acuminated, smooth, coriaceous. Stipulas short, inter-
petiolar. Axillary peduncles opposite, but the terminal ones are
subumbellate. Heads few-flowered. This genus differs from
Morinda in the fruit being many seeded, not 1 -seeded.
1 L. MoRiNBJE (D. C. prod. 4. p. 368.) Ij . S. Native of
the island of Singapore. Morinda polysperma, Jacq. in mal.
misc. 1. no. 2. p. 14. fl. ind. 2. p. 204. Leaves about 3 inches
long.
&forinda-\\ke Lucinaea. Shrub cl.
Cult. See Sarcocephalus, p. 487. for culture and propagation.
heads at the tops of the branches, sessile upon a villous recep-
tacle, intermixed with small distinct bracteoles ; and each head is
propped by the ultimate pair of leaves.
XXIV. CANE'PHORA (from KOVIJC, kanes, a basket, and
<j>tpti>, phero, to bear ; in reference to the involucrum under the
head of the flowers). Juss. gen. mem. mus. 6. p. 401. Lam. ill.
t. 151. f. 1. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 261. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 617.
LIN. SYST. Penta-Hex&ndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ob-
ovate tube, a 5-6-toothed limb: and triangular, lanceolate, blunt-
isli, rather concave teeth. Corolla with a campanulate tube,
and a 5-6-loi)ed spreading limb. Anthers 5-6, oblong, almost
sessile, not exserted. Stigma bifid. Fruit baccate ? 2-celled ;
cells many seeded. Seeds compressed, imbricated, inserted in
an axillary spongy receptacle. The fruit, according to A. Rich.
1. c., is pea-formed, crowned, and 2-seeded. — A glabrous shrub,
native of Madagascar. Leaves elliptic, coriaceous. Stipulas
solitary on both sides, triangular, acute. Flowers on the top of
dilated peduncles, or sessile on the tops of the branches, inter-
mixed with distinct scales, girded by a tubular toothed involu-
crum. This genus appears to be intermediate between the sub-
tribes Sarcocephalece and Gardeniece,
1 C. AXILLA'RIS (Lam. ill. t. 151. f. 1.) leaves elliptic, acute,
on short petioles ; peduncles axillary, thickened from the base to
the apex, ending in a 5-6-lobed cupula at the apex, which bears
the flowers. Jj . S. Native of Madagascar, where it is called
Allou- gala-lay by the natives. Poir. suppl. 2. p. 77. exclusive
of the diagnosis.
/^'Wary-flowered Canephora. Shrub.
Cult, See Sarcocephalus, p. 487. for culture and propagation.
SUBTRIBE II. GARDENIE'.S: (containing shrubs agreeing with
the genus Gardenia in having distinct flowers). D. C. prod. 4.
p. 368. Flowers distinct, never combined into a head.
XXV. BURCHE'LLIA (named in honour of William Bur-
chell, F.R.S. F.L.S., who collected many thousand plants in his
travels at the Cape of Good Hope, and in Brazil). R. Brown, in
bot. reg. no. 466. D. C. prod. 4. p. 368.— Bubalina, Rafin.
ann. gen. sc. phys. 6. p. 86. — Patabea species, Juss. Lonicera
species, Lin.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx witli an obovate
tube, having the limb 5-cleft beyond the middle (f. 91. a.), and
drawn out above the ovarium. Corolla of a clavate funnel-
shape (f. 91. 6.), with a naked throat, and 5 short lobes (f. 91.
c.), which are imbricated and twisted in aestivation. Stamens 5 ;
filaments adnate to the tube, but free above the middle ; anthers
almost sessile, inclosed (f. 91. 6.). Stigma oblong-clavate (f.
91. e.~), and appearing as if it were composed of 2 concrete ones,
bearing five convex crests, and a series of tufts of hairs.
Berry crowned by the calyx, 2-celled, turbinately globose.
Placentas adnate to the dissepiment. Embryo slender. — Shrubs,
native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves ovate, acute, a little
cordate at the base, petiolate. Stipulas interpetiolar, broad,
cuspidate at the apex, deciduous. Flowers scarlet, disposed in
FIG. 91.
1 B. CAPE'NSIS (R. Brown,
in Ker, bot. reg. t. 466.) leaves
ovate, acute, clothed with his-
pid pubescence ; Stipulas very
broad, and very short, cuspidate
at the apex ; anthers adnate to
the upper part of the tube of
the corolla. Jj • G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope, where
it is called from the hardness of
the wood bujfel-horn. Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 146.
Lonicera Bubalina, Lin. til.
suppl. p. 146. Thunb. fl. cap.
187. Cephaelis Bubalina, Pers.
ench. 1. p. 202. Flowers 9-10
lines long, of a deep scarlet co-
lour, (f. 91.)
Cape Burchellia. Fl. March. Clt. ? Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
2 B. PARVIFLORA (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 891.) leaves oval-lan-
ceolate, smoothish ; Stipulas ovate, each ending in a short point;
anthers inserted in the middle of the tube of the corolla. Jj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Cinchona Capensis, Burm.
herb. B. bubalina, Sims, bot. mag. t. 2339.? Canephora capi-
tata, Lam. ill. t. 151. f. 2.? Poir. suppl. 2. p. 77.? exclusive of
the country. Flowers 7-8 lines long, orange coloured.
Small-flowered Burchellia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
Cult. The species of Burchellia thrive well either in the warm
part of a green-house, or the cold parts of a stove, and there-
fore may be termed hardy stove plants. Their heads, of beauti-
ful scarlet and orange coloured flowers, make them desirable for
collections. They grow well in a rich light soil, or a mixture
of turfy loam, turfy peat, and sand ; and cuttings taken off not
too ripe strike root readily, if planted in sand and placed under
a hand-glass, in a moderate heat.
XXVI. AMAIOLTA (Amaioua and Graine a Tatou are the
Guiana names of the first species). Aubl. guian. suppl. 13. t.
375. D. C. ann. mus. 9. p. 218. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 90. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 369. — Amaioua, Desf. mem. mus. 6. p. 11. t. 4-6.
Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 391. — Amajoua, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 126.
exclusive of some species. — Hexactma, Willd. rel. — Hamellia
species, Lam.
LIN. SYST. Hexdndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx tubular,
terete, 6-toothed, falling off very slowly. Corolla salver-shap-
ed, with a terete tube, which is longer than the calyx, and a 6-
parted spreading limb ; lobes oblong. Anthers 6, inclosed,
linear. Stigma clavate. Berry obovate-oblong, corticate, areo-
late at the apex, 2-3-celled. Seeds disposed in 2 rows in each
cell, flat, depressed, nearly orbicular, separated from 'each other
by small horizontal dissepiments. — Trees or shrubs, natives of
South America. Leaves opposite or 3 in a whorl, on short
petioles, nerved, glabrous. Stipulas oblong, deciduous. Flowers
almost sessile, disposed in corymbs at the tops of the branches.
— Perhaps the fruit is at length 1-celled, from the dissepiment
having vanished, ex Aubl.
1 A. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. snppl. p. IS. t. 375.)
branchlets triquetrous, furrowed, clothed with adpressed pubes-
cence ; leaves usually 3 in a whorl, broad-elliptic, acuminated,
nerved; flowers crowded, almost sessile ; limb of calyx tubular,
elongated. fj . S. Native of Cayenne. The leaves in the
specimens examined are all 3 in a whorl, but are sometimes op-
RUBIACEjE. XXVI. AMAIOUA. XXVII. MUSS.ENDA.
489
posite according to Desfontaines, mem. mus. 6. p. 12. t. 4.
Hamelia sessiliflora, Willd. spec. 1. p. 981. Hamelia glabra,
Lam. diet. 3. p. 65. Duhamelia glabra, Pers. ench. 1. p. 203.
Berry obovate, areolate at the apex, from the calyx having fallen
off, 2-3-celled; cells bearing each 2 rows of seeds, and distinct
septa ; hence the fruit appears 4-6-celled at first sight in the dry
state.
Guiana Amaioua. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
2 A. FAGIFOLIA (Desf. mem. mus. 6. p. 14. t. 5.) branchlets
nearly terete, smoothish ; leaves opposite, obovate, acuminated,
nerved ; corymbs of flowers on short peduncles ; flowers crowd-
ed, almost sessile ; limb of calyx tubular, short. Tj . S. Native
of Cayenne. Fruit unknown.
Beach-leaved Amajpua. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
3 A. INTERMEDIA (Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 90.) branches
terete, glabrous ; leaves opposite, oblong, attenuated at both
ends, ciliated ; flowers crowded, almost sessile, silky ; upper 2
stipulas forming an involucrum to the head of flowers. Fj . S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia, in woods.
Intermediate Amaioua. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
4 A. CORYMBOSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 419.
t. 294.) branchlets almost terete, smoothish ; leaves opposite,
ovate-elliptic, nerved, acuminated ; corymbs panicled, peduncu-
late ; limb of calyx tubular, short. 1? . S. Native of New
Andalusia, near Cumanacoa, in bushy shady places. Desf. mem.
mus. 6. p. 15. Hexactina corymbosa, Willd. rel. ex Schlecht.
in Schultes, syst. 1. c. Petioles 6-10 lines long. Fruit un-
known. Flowers by threes.
Corymbose-fiovtered Amaioua. Shrub 8 to 9 feet.
5 A. PERUVIAVNA (Desf. mem. mus. 6. p. 16. t. 4. f. B.) leaves
opposite, elliptic, nerved, acuminated, shining on the upper sur-
face ; flowers aggregate, corymbose, fj . S. Native of Peru.
Said to be nearly allied to the preceding.
Peruvian Amaioua. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
6 A. ? SACCI'FERA (Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 91.) branches
angular and bristly at the apex ; leaves 3 in a whorl, obovate-
lanceolate, attenuated at the base, saccately scrobiform, hairy,
costately nerved ; flowers terminal, crowded, on short peduncles ;
calyxes elongated, fj . S. Native of Brazil, in woods, at Barra
do Rio Negro, where it is called by the natives Folho de Com-
minao and Coa-Jusara.
Sack-bearing Amaioua. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
7 A. BRASILIA'NA (A. Rich. diss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 370.)
plant suffrutescent, creeping ; branches assurgent ; leaves ellip-
tic, acuminated ; flowers small, disposed in crowded corymbs ;
segments of corolla very short, fj . S. Native of Brazil.
Brazilian Amaioua. Shrub creeping.
Cult. See Mussce'nda, p. 492. for culture and propagation.
XXVII. MUSS^E'NDA (the vernacular name of M.frondbsa
in Ceylon). Lin. gen. no. 241. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 140. t. 28.
Lam. ill. t. 157. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 386. Ham. in Lin. trans.
14. p. 198. and 203. D. C. prod. 4. p. 370.— Belilla, Rheed.
and Adans.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an oblong-
turbinate tube, a 5-parted limb, and deciduous erect acute lobes,
one of which is usually drawn out into a large petiolate, reticu-
lately nerved, coloured leaf. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a 5-
parted limb, and a villous throat. Anthers 5, sessile within the
tube, linear, inclosed, and sometimes a little exserted. Stigma
bifid. Fruit ovoid, fleshy, naked at the apex from the limb of
the calyx being deciduous, indehiscent, 2-celled ; cells many
seeded. Placentas pedunculate, bifid at the apex, rising from the
dissepiment, and appearing like a Burgundian cross. Seeds very
numerous, small, lenticularly compressed, scabrous. Embryo in
fleshy albumen, with the radicle thick, and turned towards the
VOL. m.
hylum. — Small trees or shrubs. Leaves ovate, petiolate, villous
or glabrous. Stipulas twin on both sides, free or combined at
the base, acuminated. Flowers corymbose, terminal. Bracteas
small under the pedicels or branches of the corymb, and ought
to be cautiously distinguished from the large coloured calycine
lobes.
SECT. I. BELI'LLA (the name of one of the species in Malabar).
Rheed. mal. and Adans. One of the calycine lobes is always
drawn out into a large coloured reticulately veined bractea-
formed leaf, which has been through want of proper caution
taken for and called bracteas. Anthers sessile within the tube
of the corolla, inclosed. Capsule ovate.
1 M. SPECIOSA (Poir. stippl. 4. p. 37.) leaves broad-oval,
acute, rather villous at the nerves and veins above, pubescent be-
neath ; teeth of calyx obtuse, one of which is usually petiolate,
large, and coloured ; corolla tubular, with obtuse lobes. (3 . S.
Native of South America, inCaraccas. Macrocnemum speciosum,
Jacq. hort. schcenbr. 1. p. 19. t. 43. The bractea- formed caly-
cine leaves are rose coloured. Corymbs fastigiate, rather villous ;
bracteas subulate. Style exserted. Anthers inclosed. Corolla
villous on the outside, an inch long, with a rose-coloured limb.
Showy Mussaenda. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1820. Shrub 3
to 6 feet.
2 M. ACUTIFLO'RA (Bartl. in Haenke, herb, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 370.) leaves oval, acuminated, acute at the base, glabrous,
except the nerves and veins, which are pubescent on the
under surface ; corymbs trichotomous pubescent ; teeth of calyx
acute, one of which is usually large, petiolate, ovate, and co-
loured ; corolla tubular, with acute lobes. ^ . S. Native of
Mexico. Stipulas villous on the outside, bifid, acuminate, and
deciduous. The large calycine leaf is 5-nerved and acuminated.
Perhaps only a variety of M. specibsa.
Acute-flowered Mussaenda. Shrub 5 to 6 ftet.
3 M. FRONDO'SA (Lin. spec. 251.) leaves oblong, acuminated,
villous ; branchlets and corymbs downy ; stipulas subulate ;
corymbs terminal, dichotomous, somewhat panicled ; lobes of
calyx elongated, subulate, one of which is petiolate, ovate, acu-
minated, membranous and puberulous. ^ . S. Native of the
East Indies, Java, Malabar, &c. Belilla, Rheed. mal. 2. p. 27.
t. 17. M. Zeylanica, Burm. zeyl. 165. t. 76. M. formosa, Lin.
mant. p. 338. M. frondosa, Roxb. et Wall, in fl. ind. 2. p.
227. Lam. ill. t. 157. f. 1. Flowers of a deep golden colour.
The bractea- formed leaf of the calyx is 2 inches long and- white.
Frondose Musssenda. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1824. Sh. 5 to 6 ft.
4 M. GLA'BRA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 38.) leaves oval, acumin-
ated at both ends, glabrous on both surfaces, as well as the
branches ; corymbs terminal, smoothish ; segments of calyx
broad-lanceolate, acute, one of which is large, petiolate, gla-
brous, and acute. ^ • S. Native of the East Indies. Lodd.
bot. cab. t. 1269. Folium Principissae, Rumph. amb. 4. t. 51.
Flowers yellow. The bractea-formed leaf of the calyx is about
4-5 inches long, white.
Glabrous Mussaenda. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1820. Sh. 5 to 6 ft.
5 M. CALYC!NA (Wall. cat. no. 6253.) leaves ovate or oblong,
acuminated, tapering to both ends, almost glabrous, except on
the nerves ; stipulas villous, cuspidate at the apex ; calyxes
downy : segments large, ovate, cuspidate ; the large foliaceous
segment petiolate, ovate, elliptic, acuminated, yellow ; young
branches and peduncles villous ; peduncles terminal and axillary,
corymbose, or trichotomous, bearing a single flower in each fork ;
fruit turbinate. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies, in the
Burmese empire, on Mount Taong Dong, and at Prome.
Flowers yellow.
Large-calyxed Musseenda. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
6 M. VILLO'SA (Wall, cat, no. 6254.) leaves oblong, acumin-
3R
490
RUBIACEiE. XXVII. MUSSJENDA.
ated, tapering at the base, on short petioles, hispid from villi
on both surfaces ; petioles, young branches, and peduncles
very villous ; stipulas linear-lanceolate, cuspidate, very villous ;
corymbs trichotomous, terminal : calyx villous : segments linear :
the large, foliaceous segment petiolate, elliptic, yellow. J? . S.
Native of Penang. Flowers yellow.
Villous Mussaenda. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
7 M. SUMATRE'NSIS (Roth, nov. gen. et spec. p. 158.) leaves
elliptic, tomentose on the under surface, as well as the petioles
and branches ; corymbs terminal ; bractea-formed leaf of calyx
roundish, pubescent, reticulately veined. Tj . S. NatiVe of the
East Indies.
Sumatra Mussaenda. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
8 M. ACUMINA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 986.) leaves lanceolate,
acuminated at both ends, pubescent on the mid-rib On both
sides ; corymbs terminal, trichotomous, pubescent ; lobes of
calyx linear, acuminated : one of which is drawn out Into an
elliptic-oblong leaf. T? . S. Native of Java, at the head of
the river Tjikundal, on Mount Cede.
4cuminated-\ea.ved Mussaenda. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
9 M. HISPIDA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 139.) leaves oval,
acuminated, pilose ; branchlets hispid ; pedicels and calyxes
very bristly ; stipulas lanceolate ; segments of calyx ovate,
acute : one of which is petiolate, ovate, acuminated, hispid on
the petiole and villous on the nerves. I? . G. Native of Ni-
paul, at Narainhetty. The lobes of the corolla are rounded
and mucronate. It comes near to M. frondbsa, but the
leaves of that species are canescent from tomentum beneath, and
the segments of the calyx are linear and elongated.
Hispid Mussaenda. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
10 M. ERYTHROPHY'LLA (Schum. pi. guin. p. 116.) branches
velvety from short soft down ; leaves ovate, cuspidate, pubes-
cent above, and villously tomentose beneath ; stipulas villous,
deciduous ; corymbs terminal, trichotomous, villous ; calycine
segments subulate : one of which is large, petiolate, ovate-
acuminated, and very villous; tube of calyx hispid. I?. S.
Native of Guinea, where it was collected by Thonning. The
bractea-formed calycine segments are 4-5 inches long, and 2 inches
broad, S-nerved, and of a reddish colour. Corolla hardly twice
the length of the calyx. Habit of M. frondbsa, under which
name it was received from Puerari.
Red-leaved Mussaenda. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. '
11 M. LUTEOLA (Delil. in Caill. pi. afr. p. 65. t. 1. f. 1.
Caill. voy. t. 62.) leaves almost sessile, ovate-lanceolate, acute,
nerved, and tomentose beneath ; stipulas twin on each side,
lanceolate-subulate ; corymbs terminal, trichotomous ; calycine
teeth subulate : one of which is often petiolate, oval, and acute.
J; . G. Native of Arabia, on the mountains of Hadie and
elsewhere ; and about Singue in Nubia. Ophiorhlza lanceolata,
Forsk. aegypt. arab. p. 42. Manettia lauceolata, Vahl, symb.
1. p. 12. Mussae'nda lanceolata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 705. but
not of Poir. The bractea-formed calycine leaf is yellowish, as
well as the flowers. Corolla an inch long, slender.
leftow-bractead Mussaenda. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
•12 M. ISERTIA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 371.)'leaves elliptic,
on short petioles, and are as well as the branches glabrous ;
flowers disposed in corymbose panicles ; peduncles and corollas
clothed with canescent villi ; bractea-formed calycine lobes
large, roundish, and glabrous. I? . S. Native of Guinea, where
it was collected by Isert. M. macrophylla, Schum. pi. guin.
118. but not of Wall.
Isert's Mussaenda. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
13 M. AFZE'LII; every part of the shrub is villous; leaves
ovate-lanceolate : having the veins clothed with rusty hairs
beneath, as well as the petioles ; corymbs panicled, crowded ;
bractea-formed calycine segment large, white, and villous ; cap-
sules villous. Ij . S. Native of Sierra Leone, by the sides of
rivulets, among other bushes. Flowers yellow.
Afzelius's Mussaenda. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
14 M. PUBE'SCENS (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 372.)
leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, pubescent on the nerves ;
stipulas twin on each side, subulate ; corymbs terminal ; caly-
cine lobes subulate : one of which is petiolate, ovate, and acute ;
corolla with a slender tube, and acute lobes. ^ . G. Native of
China, where it is called Cum man fa. M. pubescens, Sims,
bot. mag. 2099. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 451. but not of Humb. et
Bonpl. Corollas small, yellow, clothed with adpressed down on
the outside. The branches are rather scandent, and the bractea-
formed calycine segments are white.
Downy Mussaenda. Fl. May, Sept. CJt. 1805. Sh. 3 to 4 ft.
15 M. VARIOLOSA (Wall. cat. no. 6259.) branches and pe-
duncles hispid and warted ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, hispid
from stiff" hairs on both surfaces, as well as on the petioles ;
corymbs trichotomous, terminal ; the large foliaceous segments
of the calyx roundish, mucronate, triple-nerved, somewhat cor-
date and somewhat cuneated at the base, white ; fruit roundish,
not crowned, warted ; calycine teeth short. Tj . S. Native of
the East Indies, at Amherst, Chappedong, and Tavoy.
Warted-fruhed Mussaenda. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
16 M. CORYMBO'SA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 226.) leaves oblong,
pointed, and are as well as the branches smooth ; corymbs ter-
minal, smooth ; stipulas cordate at the base, and cuspidate at
the apex ; calycine segments setaceous : the bractea-formed one
ovate-lanceolate ; lobes of corolla ovate, acute, fj . S. Native
of Ceylon, Malabar, and other parts of the East Indies. The
bractea-formed calycine segment is white, and the border of the
corolla orange-coloured, but greenish underneath. In some
parts of India the white floral leaves are brought to table as an
esculent herb.
Corymbose-flowered Mussaenda. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
17 M. MACROPHY'LLA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 228.)
branchlets beset with soft silky hairs ; leaves ovate, acuminated,
pubescent ; stipulas broad-ovate, bifid, acuminated and recurved
at the apex ; corymbs terminal, trichotomous, very pilose, on
short peduncles ; calycine segments foliaceous, broad, oblong-
lanceolate ; bracteas large, very hairy. f? . S. Native of Ni-
paul, on the mountains of Chundugiri and Nagarjoon. Branches
tetragonal, brown. Leaves green above and pale villous be-
neath. Stipulas nearly twice as long as the petioles. Corymbs
shorter than the uppermost pair of leaves. There are generally
3 floral leaves in each corymb, which are snow white, and 2-3
inches long. Bracteas large under each division of the inflo-
rescence. Flowers large, orange-coloured, hairy outside. Ber-
ries dark purple, hairy, size of a marrowfat pea.
Long-leaved Mussaenda. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
18 M. WALLI'CHII ; leaves long, elliptic, tapering much to
both ends, acuminated, quite glabrous ; corymbs glabrous, tri-
chotomous, terminal ; the large petiolate calycine leaflets gla-
brous, triple-nerved, white, acuminated ; fruit roundish, crowned
by the calycine segments, which are linear. ^ . S. Native
of the East Indies, at Tavoy and Rangoon. M. longifolia, Wall,
cat. no. 6258. but not of Lam.
Wallich's Mussaenda. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
19 M. INCA'NA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 229.) shrub
hoary in every part from adpressed soft hairs ; leaves ovate-
oblong, almost sessile, white beneath ; stipulas broad at the
base, lanceolate at the apex, adpressed ; corymbs terminal, ses-
sile, faciculate, few-flowered; braeteas linear-subulate; bractea-
formed segment of the calyx large, ovate, petiolate, and acu-
minated. 17 . G. Native of Nipaul, towards Gosaingsthan.
Root simple, slender. Stem about the thickness of a goose
quill, undivided, though seldom with 1 or 2 slender alternate
RUBIACE.E. XXVII. MUSS^NDA.
491
branches. Leaves rather longer than the interstices, which are
pretty equal, about 5-6 inches long, villous above. Stipulas
about the length of the petioles, furnished with a number of
glands inside on the lower part. Corymbs very hairy. Floral
leaves subcordate, milk white, downy. Tube of corolla very
long, hairy.
Hoary Mussaenda. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
20 M. CUNEIFO'LIA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 139.) leaves
cuneate-oblong, acuminated, downy on both surfaces as well as
on the branches ; stipulas lanceolate, acuminated ; corymbs
terminal ; bracteas lanceolate ; calycine segments linear, acute,
5 times shorter than the corolla : one of which is bractea-formed,
petiolate, oval, acuminated ; tube of corolla villous. Jj . G.
Native of Nipaul. The large calycine segment is probably
white, and the flowers are probably yellow.
Wedge-leaved Musssenda. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
SECT. II. LA'NDIA (M. De la Land, a correspondent of the Mu-
seum of Natural History at Paris). Comm. herb. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 372. Lobes of calyx equal or nearly so : having none of
the segments expanded into bractea-formed leaves. Capsule
naked at the apex, not crowned by the calyx. Leaves opposite.
21 M. LA'NDIA (Lam. ill. t. 157. f. 2. Poir. diet. 4. p. 392.)
leaves ovate, acuminated, clothed with villous pubescence on
both surfaces ; branches, petioles, corymbs and corollas villous ;
lobes of calyx equal, triangularly lanceolate, 12 times shorter
than the tube of the corolla. ^ . S. Native of the Mauritius,
where it is called Quinquina indigene, or Indigenous Peruvian
bark, and is used in the cure of fevers. M. latifolia, Poir.
suppl. 4. p. 36. diet, scienc. nat. 33. p. 452. Rodeletia Landia,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 707. M. holosericea, Smith, in Rees' cycl.
vol. 24. no. 6. Bracteas linear, acute. Corolla an inch long,
hairy outside.
De La Land's Musssenda. Fl. Ju.Sept. Clt.1824. Sh. 4 to 5 ft.
22 M. UNIFLO'RA (Wall. cat. no. 6264.) young branches, tube
of corolla, calyxes, and fruit villous ; leaves small, rather vil-
lous, roundish, acute, running down the petioles at the base ;
stipulas villous, narrow ; calycine segments subulate ; corolla
with a long tube and a spreading limb ; flowers solitary, ter-
minal. 1} . S. Native of the East Indies, at Tavoy. Flowers
as large as those of the common jasmine, probably white.
One-flowered Mussasnda. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
23 M. STADMA'NNI (Michx. med. ex Bory in litt. D. C. prod.
4. p. 372.) leaves oval, ending in short cuspidate points, hardly
pubescent, unless on the nerves ; branehlets, corymbs, and co-
rollas pubescent ; lobes of calyx equal, elongated, lanceolate,
6 times shorter than the tube of the corolla. Pj . S. Native of
the Mauritius. Oxyanthus cymosus, Reichb. in Sieb. fl. maur.
exsic. 2. no. 78. M. Landia, Smith, in Rees' cycl. vol. 24.
no. 5. Tube of corolla 1^ inch long, as in M. Landia. The
lobes of the calyx are 3 lines long in the present plant, while
in that of M. Landia they are hardly a line and a half long.
Stadmann's Musssenda. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
24 M. ARCUA'TA (Lam. diet. 4. p. 392.) leaves oval-oblong,
acuminated, rather pilose on the nerves beneath ; branehlets,
corymbs, and corollas glabrous on the outside ; lobes of calyx
linear-subulate, a little unequal ; tube of corolla very villous
inside, tj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Sieb. fl. maur.
exsic. 2. no. 78. Landia stel%era, and Landia astrographa,
Comm. ex herb. mus. Paris. The flowers are yellow, and
when immersed in water tinge it with the same colour. Limb
of corolla glabrous outside. Branches arched.
^rcA-branched Mussasnda. Clt. 1822. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
25 M. TOMENTO'SA (Wall. cat. no. 6265.) branches downy ;
leaves elliptic or ovate-elliptic, acute, clothed with white woolly
down on both surfaces : calyx downy, with subulate segments ;
stipulas subulate, twin on both sides ; tube of corolla long,
slender, hairy, with a broad, spreading border ; berries roundish,
crowned by the calycine teeth ; corymbs terminal, trichotomous.
T? . S. Native of the East Indies, on the Gingee mountains.
Flowers apparently white, as large as those of jasmine.
Tomentose Mussaenda. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
26 M. E'LEGANS (Schum. pi. guin. p. 117.) leaves oval, end-
ing in short cuspidate points, and are as well as the branches
glabrous ; corymbs terminal, trichotomous, pubescent ; segments
of calyx linear, spreading a little ; tube of corolla very hispid,
but the lobes are glabrous. f? . S. Native of Guinea, where
it was collected by Thonning. M. discolor, Thonn. in herb.
Vahl, ex Puerari. Very distinct from M. discolor, Willd.
Elegant Musssenda. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
27 M. CORDIFO'LIA (Wall. cat. no. 6260.) glabrous in every
part ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated at the apex and cordate
at the base, glabrous, coriaceous, on short petioles ; corymbs
trichotomous, terminal ; berries turbinate, not crowned. Tj . S.
Native of Pulo Penang.
Heart-leaved Mussaenda. Shrub 5 to 6 feet?
28 M. PA'RVA (Wall. cat. no. 6261.) branches and leaves
rather hispid from scattered hairs ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acu-
minated, tapering to both ends ; stipulas subulate ; corymbs
terminal, crowded ; tube of corolla very long, slender, rather
swollen near the top ; calycine segments linear. Fj . S. Native
of the East Indies, at Tavoy. M. angustifolia, Wall. mss.
Apparently a rambling, small shrub.
Small Musssenda. Shrub rambling.
29 M. SERICEA (Blum, bijdr. p. 986.) leaves ovate-oblong,
acuminated, attenuated at the base, glabrous, except on the
veins underneath ; branches silky ; corymbs terminal, trichoto-
mous, silky. Pj . S. Native of the Moluccas. Segments of
calyx linear-lanceolate, silky, all equal. Tube of corolla elon-
gated, densely tomentose.
Silky Musssenda. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
30 M. REOPENS (Wall. cat. no. 6263.) root creeping ; leaves
elliptic, acuminated, rather hispid ; petioles, young branches,
and corymbs clothed with brown villi ; stipulas subulate, villous ;
corymbs terminal ; calyx downy, with linear-subulate segments ;
corolla long, slender, swelling a little near the top. fj . S.
Native of Silhet. The leaves opposite each other are unequal
in size.
Creeping Musssenda. PI. \ to 2 feet.
' SECT. III. CA'ANTHE (from ratw, Jcaio, to burn or nip, and
avOog, anthos, a flower ; the flowers of the species are deprived
of the large calycine leaves). D. C. prod. 4. p. 372. Lobes of
calyx equal, all linear or setaceous, permanent, therefore the fruit
is crowned. Leaves 3 in a whorl. Stipulas broad at the base,
acute at the apex, adpressed, coriaceous. — Species natives of
Madagascar. Perhaps a proper genus.
31 M. ? CITRIFO'LIA (Lam. in Poir. diet. 4. p. 393.) leaves 3
in a whorl, ovate, almost sessile, coriaceous, and are as well as
the branches glabrous ; stipulas broad at the base, acute, short ;
corymbs terminal ; lobes of calyx linear. Tj . S. Native of
Madagascar. Habit of Raunolfia. Corolla small, yellow.
Citron-leaved Musssenda. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
32 M. ? LONGIFO'LIA (Lam. in Poir. diet. 4. p. 393.) leaves
3 in a whorl, lanceolate-oblong, rather tomentose from short
down ; stipulas broad at the base, acute ; corymbs terminal ;
lobes of calyx setaceous ; capsule ribbed. Tj . S. Native of
Madagascar. Very similar to the preceding species. Leaves
green above and whitish beneath. Fruit pyriform, with 8 or 10
longitudinal ribs.
Long-leaved Mussaenda, Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
3 R 2
492
RUBIACEjE. XXVIII. KUTCHUB.EA. XXIX. CASSUPA. XXX. GYNOPACHYS. XXXI. TOCOYENA.
•f- Species not sufficiently known.
33 M.? OLOMERULA'TA (Lam. in Poir. diet. 4. p. 393.) leaves
ovate, acute, smoothish beneath, but clothed with fuscous velvety
down above and on the petioles ; branches rather villous ; flowers
terminal, glomerate ; calyx campanulate, with a 5-6-toothed limb.
?2 . S. Native of French Guiana. Rodeletia glomerulata,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 707. Peduncles and calyxes beset with
white silvery hairs. Corolla tubular, white, rather villous out-
side. Stamens 5-6.
G7ojH<rate-flowered Musssenda. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
34 M. DISCOLOR (Pet. Th. in Willd. rel. ex Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 254.) hairy ; leaves scabrous, strigose above, and clothed
with canescent pili beneath ; flowers corymbose, permanent.
fj . S. Native country unknown, as well as flowers.
Trvo-coloured-\eave<\ Mussaenda. Shrub.
35 M.? CHINE'KSIS (Lour. coch. p. 152.) leaves in fascicles,
lanceolate, glabrous ; flowers solitary, terminal ; berries 4-celled,
many-seeded. Tj . G. Native of China, in the suburbs of Can-
ton. Calyx 5-parted, with lanceolate segments. Seeds bony,
almost kidney-shaped. This is certainly not a species of Mus-
sce'nda.
China Musssenda. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
36 M. ECHrrolDES (Willd. rel. in Schultes, syst. 5. p. 254.)
leaves oblong, acute, glabrous ; flowers corymbose. ^ . w. S.
Native country unknown. A climbing shrub.
Echitus-lihe Mussaenda. Shrub cl.
37 M. TETRA'NDRA (Schultes, syst. 5. p. 254.) leaves smooth,
§labrous, acute ; corymbs tripartite ; flowers tetrandrous. Tj .
Native country unknown. Macrocnemum tetrandrum, Cav.
ami. sc. ex Schultes.
Tetrandrous-fiovtered Mussaenda. Shrub.
Cult. Some of the species of this genus are very pretty,
and worth cultivating in collections. A mixture of loam and
peat is the best soil for them ; and cuttings are easily rooted
in the same kind of mould under a hand-glass, in heat.
XXVIII. KUTCHUB^A (named after — Koutchouba,
minister of the home department of Russia ; a promoter of the
sciences). Fisch. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 373.
LIN. SYST. Ocldndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a turbinate
tube, and a tubular truncate limb, which is longer than the
ovarium. Corolla with a cylindrical tube, much longer than
the calyx, a villous throat, and an 8-parted limb, which is
twisted in aestivation ; segments of corolla lanceolate, acu-
minated. Anthers 8, almost sessile, oblong, acute, inserted in
the throat of the corolla among the hairs. Style filiform ;
stigma large, clavate, with 2 lobes, which are applied to each
other, hairy and convex on the outside, but flat and smooth on
the inside. Fruit unknown. — A glabrous tree, native of Guiana.
Branches terete. Leaves obovate, bluntish, on short petioles.
Stipulas ovate, broad, short, combined, permanent, sometimes
bifid. Flowers terminal, somewhat corymbose, pedicellate, large,
bractless. Corolla purple at the base and pale at the apex. —
This genus comes very near Genipa and Cassiipa ; from the
first it differs in the tube of the corolla being much longer than
the calyx ; and from the second in the calyx being tubular, and
in the stigma being clavate ; and from both in the greater num-
ber of the parts of the flower.
1 K. INSIGNIS (Fisch. 1. c. with a figure). J? . S. Native of
French Guiana, where it was collected by Martin. A tall ele-
gant tree. Tube of corolla 3 inches long, coriaceous.
Famous Kutchubaea. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Mussce'nda above.
XXIX. CASSLTPA (called Cassupo by the natives on the
banks of the Rio Negro, in Brazil). Humb. et Bonpl. pi.
equin. 1. p. 43. t. 12. Juss. mem. rnus. 6. p. 389. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 373.
LIN. SYST. Hexdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a globose
tube and a short entire hardly perspicuous limb. Corolla much
longer than the calyx, tubular, wrinkled on the outside, with a
villous throat, and a 6-parted short limb ; lobes acutish and
spreading a little. Anthers 6, almost sessile, inserted in the
throat of the corolla among the villi. Stigma bifid, slender,
inclosed. Berry almost globose, crowned, 2-celled, many-
seeded ; placentas fixed to the middle dissepiment. Seeds mi-
nute.— 'An American tree. Leaves obovate-oblong, on long
petioles, coriaceous, rather tomentose, about a foot long. Thyrse
panicled, terminal, with opposite flowers. Bracteoles 2-3 under
each flower, sometimes adnate to the calyx. Corolla 1-2 inches
long, pale red.
1 C. VERRUCO'SA (Humb. et Bonpl. 1. c.). Tj . S. Native of
South America, in shady places on the banks of the Rio Negro,
near San Carlos. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 412.
Warted Cassupa. Tree 30 to 40 feet.
Cult. See Mussce'nda above for culture and propagation.
XXX. GYNOPA'CHYS (from yuvij, gyne, a female, and
ira^ue, pachys, thick ; in reference to the thick 2-lobed stigma).
Blum, in flora, 1825. p. 134. bijdr. p. 933. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 374.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx turbi-
nate, urceolate, almost quite entire, deciduous. Corolla with a
short tube, a 5-parted spreading limb, and a bristly throat.
Stamens 5, seated in the mouth of the tube ; filaments short ;
anthers linear, rather incumbent, exserted. Style short ;
stigma thick, 2-lobed, exserted. Berry globose, umbonate,
crowned by the circular base of the calyx, 2-celled, many-
seeded ; placentas membranous, stipitate, rather fleshy, trans-
versely lamellate. Seeds compressed. — Climbing shrubs, na-
tives of Java. Leaves distich. Stipulas interpetiolar, undi-
vided, or twin and rather concrete. Flowers rising from the
axils of the leaves in dense corymbs, unilateral. — This genus
comes near to Canthium and Bertiera, but differs from them in
the undivided limb of the calyx, and in the short tube of the
corolla.
1 G. ACUMINA'TA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves ovate or elliptic-oblong,
acuminated, almost sessile, glabrous ; cymes short, interfoli-
aceous ; pedicels numerous, 1-flowered. tj . ,_,. S. Native of
Java, on the west side, on the mountains. Leaves 7-8 inches
long.
Acuminated-\eaved. Gynopachys. Shrub cl.
2 G. TOMENTOVSA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves sessile, rather cordate-
oblong, acuminated, shining above, but clothed with deciduous
rufous tomentum on the veins beneath and on the corymbs,
which are dichotomous and interfoliaceous. Tj . ^. S. Native
of Java, on Mount Burangrang, in woods.
Tomentose Gynopachys. Shrub cl.
3 G. CORYMBOSA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves almost sessile, elliptic-
oblong, bluntish, glabrous ; corymbs trichotomous, interfoli-
aceous, divaricate. Fj . w. S. Native of Java, on Mount
Salak, in woods. Throat of corolla beset with yellowish rufous
bristles. Fruit globose, size of a pea.
Corymbose-fiovfered Gynopachys. Shrub cl.
Cult. See Mussce'nda above for culture and propagation.
XXXI. TOCOYE'NA (the name of the first species in
Guiana). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 131. t. 53. Lam. ill. t. 163.
Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 390. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.
3. p. 411. B.C. prod. 4. p. 374.— Ucriana, Willd. spec. 1.
p. 961.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with a turbinate
tube, and a very short 5-toothed limb. Corolla with a very
RUBIACE^E. XXXI. TOCOYENA. XXXII. POSOQUERIA.
493
long tube, a naked dilated throat, and a 5-parted spreading
limb ; the lobes obtuse. Anthers rising from the throat of the
corolla, exserted, linear-sagittate, furnished each with a blunt
appendage at the base ? Style filiform, fusiform at the apex ;
stigma clavate, bilamellate. Berry rather fleshy, 2-celled,
crowned. Seeds numerous, roundish-ovate, imbedded in soft
pulp. — Unarmed shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, on
short petioles. Stipulas triangular or ovate. Flowers terminal,
corymbose.
1 T. LONGIFLO'RA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 131. t. 50.) stem tetra-
gonal, quite simple ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, acuminated at
both ends, glabrous ; flowers almost sessile, aggregate. Tj . S.
Native of French Guiana, at Araura. Lam. ill. t. 163. f. 1.
Ucriana speciosa, Willd. spec. 1. p. 961. Tocoyena longifolia,
Poir. diet. 7. p. 602. but not of Kunth. Leaves a foot long,
and 4-5 inches broad. Corolla 8-9 lines long, with the tube
yellow, and the limb white. Stipulas triangular.
Long-flowered Tocoyena. Clt. 1826. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
2 T. MACROPHY'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
412.) branches tetragonal ; leaves broad-ovate, short-acumin-
ated, glabrous ; Stipulas roundish, coriaceous ; flowers ter-
minal, racemose, tj . S. Native of South America, on the
banks of the river Magdalena, between Monpox and El-Penon,
and near Honda. Ucriana insignis, Willd. rel. Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 761. exclusive of the synonyme of Lam. T. insignis, Rcem.
et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 229.
Large-leaved Tocoyena. Shrub.
3 T. LONGIFO'LIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 411.
but not of Poir.) branches terete ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute,
glabrous, shining, with revolute margins ; Stipulas ovate, acu-
minated ; flowers racemose ; teeth of calyx short, acute. 1? . S.
Native of New Granada, in hot places. Ucriana Humboldtii,
Spreng, syst. 1. p. 761.
Long-leaved Tocoyena. Shrub.
4 T. MUTISII (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 411.)
branches terete ; leaves oblong, acutish, glabrous, shining, with
somewhat revolute margins'; Stipulas ovate, acuminated; flowers
terminal, corymbose ; teeth of calyx short. ^ . S. Native of
New Granada, in hot places. Ucriana Mutisii, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 761.
Mutis's Tocoyena. Shrub.
5 T. HIRSU TA (Moricand, herb, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 375.)
leaves elliptic, ending each in a short cuspidate point, clothed
with villous down above, and with soft velvety hairs beneath.
1j . S. Native of Brazil. Tube of calyx 4 inches long.
Hairy Tocoyena. Shrub.
Cult. See Oxydnthus, p. 494., for culture and propagation.
XXXII. POSOQUE'RIA (Aymara-posoqueri is the name
of the first species by the natives of Guiana). Aubl. guian. 1.
p. 134. t. 51. Lam. ill. t. 163. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 369.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 375. but not of Roxb. Blume, nor Gaertn. —
Tocoyena species, Rich. — Kyrtanthus, Gmel. syst. 1. p. 362. —
Cyrtanthus, Schreb. gen. no. 302. but not of Ait. — Solena,
Willd. spec. 1. p. 961. but not of Lour, nor HofFm. nor Agardh.
— Posoria, Rafin, ann. gen. sc. ph. 6. p. 80.
LIN. SYST. Penlandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obovate
tube, and a short 5-toothed limb. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a
very long terete tube, a villous hardly dilated throat, and a
5-parted limb ; the segments spreading, obtuse, and nearly
equal ; the alabastra gibbous on one side. Stamens 5, rising
from the throat of the corolla, free, unequal, a little exserted.
Style filiform, slender, and bifid at the apex : with the lobes
unequal, rather papillose and acute. Berry ovate, crowned by
the calyx, succulent, 2-celled, many-seeded. Seeds unknown.
— Glabrous shrubs or small trees, natives of Guiana. Branches
terete. Leaves opposite, on short petioles, coriaceous. Sti-
pulas oblong-triangular, at length falling off. Flowers white,
very long, disposed in terminal corymbs.
1 P. LONGIFLOVRA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 134. t. 51.) leaves
oblong, acuminated, acute at the base ; Stipulas oblong ; calyx
bluntly 5-toothed ; tube of corolla very much incurved, and
nutant at the apex. T? . S. Native of French Guiana, on the
banks of rivers. Lam. ill. 1 63. Solena longiflora, Willd. spec.
1. p. 961. Kyrtanthus longiflorus, Gmel. syst. 1. p. 162.
Corolla white, with the tube very long, and green at the base ;
and the hairs in the throat are very long. Berry yellow, about
the size of a hen's egg. Seeds 12, imbedded in the red pulp, ac-
cording to Aublet. The limb of the corolla is said to be regular.
Corymbs composed of about 6 flowers ; and the flowers are
pedicellate and scaly at the base from bracteas.
Long flowered Posoqueria. Clt. 1820. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
2 P. LATIFOLIA (Roam, et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 227.) leaves
ovate, acuminated, obtuse at the base, or a little cordate ; Sti-
pulas broad, triangular ; calyx bluntly 5-toothed ; tube of co-
rolla straight : and the limb irregular ; alabastra gibbous on
one side. T? . S. Native of French Guiana and Brazil. So-
lena latifolia, Rudge, guian. 1. p. 26. t. 40. Tocoyena lati-
folia, Lam. ill. t. 163. f. 2. Poir. diet. 7. p. 692. Corolla
white, with the tube 4 inches long.
Broad-leaved Posoqueria. Clt. ? Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
3 P. DECO'RA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 375.) leaves ovate, ending
each in a short cuspidate point, obtuse and rather cordate at
the base ; Stipulas oval, obtuse, large, foliaceous, and coriaceous ;
calyx bluntly 5-toothed; tube of corolla straight; alabastra
rather gibbous on one side. Jj . S. Native of French Guiana.
Allied to P. latifolia, but differs from all the species in the form
of the stipulas. Tube of corolla 3-4 inches long. Flowers
terminal, corymbose.
Neat Posoqueria. Shrub.
4 P. TRINITA'TIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 375.) leaves ovate,
on short petioles, ending in short cuspidate points, obtuse at
the base and subcordate ; stipulas oblong, bluntish, membra-
nous and foliaceous, and sheathing a little ; calyx bluntly 5-
toothed. fj . S. Native of the Island of Trinidad. Sieb. fl.
trin. exsic. no. 215. without a name. Tube of corolla slender,
4^ inches long. Corollas white.
Trinidad Posoqueria. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
5 P. HAVANE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 375.) leaves oval, acute,
membranous, bluntish at the base ; stipulas lanceolate, acute ;
calyx bluntly 5-toothed ; tube of corolla straight ; alabastra
gibbous on one side. J? . S. Native of Cuba, about the Ha-
vannah. Tube of corolla slender, 4^ inches long. Petioles 6
lines long.
Havannah Posoqueria. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
6 P. GRA'CILIS (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 277.) leaves
oval-lanceolate ; stipulas oblong ; calyx acutely 5-toothed ; tube
of corolla curved, and the limb irregular, fj . S. Native of
French Guiana, in remote woods, from the river Darapa to Kaw.
Solena gracilis, Rudge, pi. guian. p. 27. t. 41. It differs from
P. longiflora in the character given, and in the slender nerves
of the leaves. Flowers white, 4-5 in a corymb.
<S7e«<fer-flowered Posoqueria. Clt. 1825. Shrub 5 to 6 ft.
7 P. REVOLUVTA (Nees, in flora, 1821. p. 328. Schrad. gcett.
anz. 1821. p. 714.) leaves elliptic-ovate, each ending in a short
cuspidate point, with revolute margins ; stipulas deciduous ;
corymbs dense ; tube of corolla straight : throat villous, and
limb irregular. I? . S. Native of Brazil. P. insignis, Neuw.
in flora. 1821. p. 301. in reis. bras, with a figure. Flowers
white.
Jievolute-leaved Posoqueria. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
494
RUBIACEJi. XXXIII. OXYANTHUS. XXXIV. STYLOCORYNA.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Oxyanthus below.
All the species are very pretty when in flower.
XXXIII. OXYA'NTHUS (from ofrc, oxys, sharp, and
avdos, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the acute teeth of the
calyx and acuminated segments of the corolla). D. C. ann.
rnus. !). p. 218. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 390. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 376. Lindl. coll. p. 13.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obo-
vate tube (f. 92. a.), and a short, acutely 5-toothed limb (f. 92.
«.). Corolla with a very long tube (f. 92. c.), a glabrous
throat, and a 5-parted regular limb (f. 92. rf.) : having the seg-
ments oblong and acuminated. Stamens 5, rising from the
throat of the corolla, free, exserted (f. 92. 6.). Anthers very
acute. Style filiform, clavate at the apex (f. 92. e.~), protruding
beyond the a: thers. Fruit 2-celled, and probably baccate. —
Shrubs, natives of Guinea. Leaves elliptic, acuminated, on
short petioles. Stipulas oblong-triangular, falling off but slowly.
Peduncles axillary, racemosely corymbose. — This genus comes
very near Posoqueria, but differs from that genus in the limb of
the corolla being regular, in the throat being glabrous, and its
parts being acute, and in the clavate stigma.
1 O. SPECIOSUS (D. C. 1. c. and in diss. ined. with a figure)
branchlets, leaves, and calyxes quite glabrous ; calycine teeth
very much acuminated ; racemes many-flowered ; tube of co-
rolla one half shorter than the leaves. Tj . S. Native of Sierra
Leone on the mountains, where it was collected by Smeathmann.
Flowers about 20 in each raceme, apparently red, according to
the dried specimens, but are probably white or milk-coloured in
their recent state.
Showy Oxyanthus. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
FIG. 92.
2 O. TUBIFLO'RUS (D. C. prod.
4. p. 376.) branchlets, leaves,
and calyxes glabrous ; calycine
teeth bluntish ; racemes very
short, 3 -flowered ; tube of co-
rolla longer than the leaves.
I? . S. Native of Sierra Leone
on the mountains. Gardenia
tubiflora, Andr. bot. rep. t. 183.
O. speciosus, Ait. hort. kew.
ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 371. but not
of D. C. Flowers by threes,
white, 6 inches long, sweet
scented.
Tube-Jlonered Oxyanthus. Fl.
July. Clt. 1789. Sh. 3 to 4 ft.
3 O. HiRsi/Ttis (D. C. prod.
4. p. 376.) branchlets, petioles, and nerves of leaves on the
under side as well as the calyxes beset with hairy down ; caly-
cine teeth acute ; racemes few-flowered ; tube of corolla much
longer than the leaves. T? . S. Native of Sierra Leone, on
the mountains. O. speciosus, Sims. bot. mag. t. 1992. Lindl.
coll. t. 13. but the synonymes given are extremely doubtful,
and ought probably to be excluded. Ucriana racemosa, Schum.
pi. guin. p. 107. Tube of corolla 6 inches long. Flowers
white, sweet-scented, (fig. 92.)
Hairy Oxyanthus. Fl. July. Clt. 1789. Shrub 2 to 3 ft.
4 O. VILLO'SUS ; villous all over ; leaves petiolate, obovate,
acute ; flowers subcapitate, terminal ; tube of corolla very long ;
style much exserted ; stigma clavate. f? . S. Native of Sierra
Leone. Flowers cream-coloured, very fragrant. Calyx 5-cleft.
Villous Oxyanthus. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. This genus is easily distinguished by its very long,
slender, sweet-scented flowers. All the species thrive well in
a mixture of loam, sand, and peat; and cuttings are easily
rooted by planting them in a pot of sand, and placing it under
a hand-glass, in heat.
XXXIV. STYLOCORY'NA (from <rnAoc, stylos, a style,
and Kopvvi), coryne, a club ; in allusion to the stigma, which is
clavate). Cav. icon. 4. p. 45. t. 368. Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p.
100. t. 197. Blum, bijdr. p, 982. D. C. prod. 4. p. 377.—
Wahlenbergia, Blum. cat. hort. buit. p. 14. but not of Schrad.
nor Schum. — Ceriscus, Nees in flora, 1826, p. 116. and perhaps
of Gsertn.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate-
globose tube, and a short, tubular, 5-toothed limb. Corolla
salver-shaped, with a cylindrical tube, and a 5-parted limb.
Stamens 5, inserted in the mouth of the tube of the corolla ;
anthers linear, very long. Style exserted ; stigma clavate, un-
divided, or the lobes are closely conferruminated. Berry glo-
bose, crowned by the calyx, dry, 2-celled ; placentas spongy,
adnate to the middle dissepiment. Seeds numerous, wingless,
angular. Albumen rather cartilaginous. Embryo long. — Trees
or unarmed shrubs. Leaves opposite, oval, or oblong, petio-
late. Stipulas solitary on both sides, 1 -nerved in the middle,
broad at the base and acuminated at the apex. Peduncles axil-
lary, and almost terminal, bearing many flowers disposed in
corymbs or cymes.
1 S. RACEMOSA (Cav. 1. c. t. 368.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acute
at the base, acuminated at the apex, glabrous ; panicles axillary,
dichotomous, loose, one-half shorter than the leaves ; corolla
salver-shaped, having the lobes longer than the tube. Tj . S.
Native of the Philippines. Corolla whitish-yellow. Berry sphe-
rical, about the size of a pea. Seeds nestling in pulp, ex
Cav. but not according to Gaertn., nor in the fruit examined.
Cymes of fruit large, spreading. Segments of corolla ovate, ob-
tuse.
.Racemose-flowered Stylocoryna. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
2 S. FRA'GRANS (Blum, bijdr. p. 982.) leaves elliptic-oblong,
acute at both ends, glabrous, beset with minute strigse on the
veins beneath ; corymbs terminal, fastigiate, dense-flowered ;
corolla salver-shaped, with the segments shorter than the tube.
17 . S. Native of Java, in shady parts of woods. Wahlenbergia
fragrans, Blum. cat. hort. buit. p. 13. Ceriscus fragrans, Nees,
in flora, 1825. p. 116. Style very long.
Fragrant Stylocoryna. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
3 S. LAXIFLORA (Blum, bijdr. p. 983.) leaves oblong, acumi-
nated at both ends, strigose on the veins beneath ; corymbs ter-
minal, trichotomous, divaricate, loose-flowered ; corolla salver-
shaped. Tj . S. Native of Java, on the mountains of Parang,
in the province of Tjangor. The flowers are smaller, and the
styles less elongated than those of the preceding species.
Loose-Jloniered Stylocoryna. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
4 S. TOMENTOSA (Blum, bijdr. 983.) branchlets, petioles, and
peduncles densely clothed with tomentum ; leaves oval, acute,
pubescent on the veins beneath ; cymes pedunculate, axillary,
and terminal, dense-flowered ; corolla funnel-shaped, 5-parted.
Tj . S. Native of Java, in the province of Bantam, on the moun-
tains.
Tomentose Stylocoryna. Tree 10 to 12 feet.
5 S. PUBE'SCENS (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
377.) leaves oblong, acuminated, downy on both surfaces, as
well as on the branchlets ; cymes terminal, pedunculate, of 5 rays.
tj . S. Native of the island of Luzon. Branches compressedly
tetragonal, opposite. Stipulas triangular, acuminated. Calyx
minutely 5-toothed. Lobes of corolla linear. Style filiform,
undivided, exserted.
Pubescent Stylocoryna. Shrub.
6 S. MACROPHY'LLA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 377.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated at both ends, and
RUBIACE.E. XXXIV. STYLOCORYNA. XXXV. GENIPA.
495
are, as well as the branches, glabrous ; panicle terminal, fasti-
giate ; flowers and pedicels pubescent on the outside. Jj . S.
Native of the island of Manilla, near Sorzogon.
Long-leaved Stylocoryna. Shrub or tree.
7 S. ? PANDA KI (D. C. prod. 4. p. 377.) glabrous; spines
scattered ; leaves oblong, minutely apiculated at the apex ;
racemes axillary, short; pedicels in fascicles, 1 -flowered; tube
of corolla shorter than the lobes. fj . S. Native of the East
Indies. Gardenia Pandaki, Vahl, herb, ex Puer. Randia Mala-
barica, Lam. Branches spinescent on one side. Leaves coria-
ceous, an inch long, and 4 lines broad. Peduncles axillary, very
short, bearing the pedicels in an umbel. Stigma oblong, un-
divided. Fruit unknown. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from
the following.
Pandaki Stylocoryna. Shrub.
8 S. MALABA'RICA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 377.) spines opposite,
3 times shorter than the leaves ; leaves oblong-obovate, obtuse,
cuneated at the base, glabrous, beset with glandular pili in the
axils of the veins beneath ; umbels 8-10-flowered, almost termi-
nating the branches ; flowers on short pedicels ; limb of calyx
5 -toothed. Tj . S. Native of Coromandel and Malabar near
Cochin, in arid places. Gardenia fragrans, Roxb. corom. t. 197.
Posoqueria fragrans, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 167. Flowers small,
white, sweet-scented. Berry globose, size of a cherry, red, 2-
celled. Seeds orange coloured. Perhaps G. fragrans, Roth,
nov. spec. 150. is the same. The Benkara of Rheed. mal. cited
by Lam. for this species, is a distinct plant, from the flowers being
said to be purple. The shrub is well adapted for making hedges,
being well armed with thorns.
Malabar Stylocoryna. Clt. 1820. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Oxydnthus, p. 494.
XXXV. GE'NIPA (Genipapois the Guiana name of the first
species). Plum. cat. no. 20. Tourn. inst. t. 436, 437. Lin. gen.
no. 240. Juss. gen. 201. mem. mus. 6. p. 391. Gsertn. fil. carp.
3. p. 55. t. 190. D. C. prod. 4. p. 378.— Gardenia species,
Swartz, Lam. — Duroia, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 30.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a tubular truncate or subdentate limb. Corolla sal-
ver-shaped, not exceeding the tube of the calyx ; limb large, 5-
parted : segments ovate, acute. Anthers linear, sessile in the
throat of the corolla, exserted. Stigma clavate, obtuse, undi-
vided. Berry corticate, somewhat 4-celled, crowned by the
tube of the calyx, attenuated at both ends. Seeds numerous,
horizontal, nestling in the pulp. Albumen cartilaginous. Em-
bryo with a common radicle, and foliaceous cotyledons. — Trees.
Leaves opposite, oval or oblong. Stipulas interpetiolar, ovate,
acuminated, deciduous. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary or
few, white, at length yellow. Fruit when young yielding a black
juice. Genipa agrees with Stylocoryna in the undivided stigma,
and with Gardenia in habit : but from both it is easily distin-
guished by the truncate limb of the calyx and fruit.
1 G. AMERICANA (Lin. spec. 251.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
quite glabrous on both surfaces ; peduncles axillary, dichoto-
mous, corymbose, fj . S. Native of the Caribbee islands, as
in St. Domingo, &c., and now cultivated in many parts for the
sake of the fruit, especially in Brazil and Guiana. Plum. ed.
Burm. t. 136. Gaertn. fil. carp. t. 190. Gardenia Genipa,
Swartz, obs. p. 84. — Janipaba, Marcgr. bras. p. 92. with a
figure. Pis. bras. 159. with a figure. Flowers small, white.
Fruit large, greenish-white, full of dark purple juice ; pulp
edible, rather acid.
American or Common Genipa. Clt. 1779. Tree 20 to 30 ft.
2 G. CARU'TO (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 407.)
leaves obovate, obtuse, glabrous above, clothed with velvety to-
mentum beneath ; peduncles terminal, 2-3-flowered ; pedicels
longer than the peduncle. b. . S. Native on the banks of the
Orinoco and Rio Negro, and near Caraccas and Carthagena,
where it is called Caruto by the natives. Corolla white, havin<r
the tube silky both inside and outside.
Caruto Genipa. Tree 20 feet.
3 G. PUBE'SCENS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 378.) leaves obovate, ob-
tuse, glabrous above, and clothed with velvety pubescence be-
neath ; flowers by threes, almost terminal, on very short pedi-
cels. J? . S. Native of Cuba, about the Havannah. Flowers
very like those of G. Americana, but are on shorter pedicels, and
fewer in number ; and the leaves are broader and blunter.
Downy Genipa. Tree 20 feet.
4 G. OBLONGIFOVLIA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 67. t. 220.
f. a.) leaves oblong-ovate, obtuse, shining above, and downy on
the nerves beneath, with rather revolute margins ; flowers
crowded at the tops of the branches, on short pedicels, and dis-
posed somewhat racemosely. b . S. Native of Peru, on the
Andes, in groves in hot places, and at Guayaquil. The corolla
is said to be yellow, but is probably white in the recent state as
in the rest of the species. Fruit size of a peach. The seeds and
pulp of the fruit are used by the Indians to dye their face and
hands of a permanent black colour.
Oblong-leaved Genipa. Clt. 1821. Tree 20 feet.
5 G. '! STRIIFLORA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 378.) leaves elliptic,
membranous, acuminated at both ends, glabrous, on short pe-
tioles ; stipulas small, deciduous; pedicels axillary, short, 1-
flowered ; limb of calyx broadly truncate, ciliated, short ; tube
of corolla broad, conical, striated, horny on the inside at the
base, and closed in the middle inside by a circle of hairs ; stigma
thick, 2-lobed. b, . S. Native of Brazil. Perhaps a proper
genus. Leaves somewhat sinuated from some cause.
Striped-flowered Genipa. Tree.
•j" Species not sufficiently known,
* American.
6 G. MERIA'N^E (Rich. act. soc. hist. nat. par. p. 107.) hairy;
leaves oblong-obovate ; flowers crowded at the tops of the
branches ; fruit globose, very villous, crowned by the tube of
the calyx. Tj . S. Native of Cayenne and Surinam. Poir.
suppl. 2. p. 708. Duroia eriopila, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 30. and p.
209. — Merian, sur. t. 43. The tree has the habit of Isertia
cocclnea. Flowers hexamerous and hexandrous, nearly ses-
sile, very like those of Jasminum Sdrnbac. Berry hairy, about
the size of the clenched fist, umbilicate. Seeds imbedded in the
pulp, which is grateful and edible.
Merian' s Genipa. Clt. 1800. Tree 20 feet.
* Asiatic.
7 G. ? BUFFALI'NA (Lour. coch. p. 149.) prickles long,
straight, opposite ; leaves ovate, glabrous, in fascicles ; flowers
solitary ; calyx bluntly 5-cleft; berry almost dry, roundish. J? .
G. Native of Cochinchina. Flowers greenish-white. Berry
brownish. Perhaps a species of Randia or Gardenia, but the
berry is said to be 2-celled. Corolla rotate, 5-cleft.
Buffalo's Genipa. Shrub 9 feet.
8 G. ? ESCULE'NTA (Lour. 1. c.) stem quite simple ; spines
long, straight, opposite ; leaves opposite, hairy, in fascicles :
flowers lateral, in fascicles ; calyx acutely 5-cleft ; berry fleshy,
roundish, 1 -celled. T? . G. Native of Cochinchina. Flowers
greenish-white. Segments of corolla oblong, acuminated. Berry
size of a cherry, edible.
Esculent Genipa. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 feet.
9 G. ? FLA'VA (Lour. 1. c.) prickles few, scattered, straight ;
leaves broad-lanceolate, glabrous ; flowers solitary, terminal ;
corolla rather hairy. Tj . G. Native of China, about Canton.
Corolla yellow, rotate. Fruit unknown.
Yellow-flowered Genipa. Shrub 5 feet.
496
RUBIACE.E. XXXVI. GARDENIA.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Gardenia, p. 499.
XXXVI. GARDE'NIA (so named after Alexander Garden,
M.D. of Charlestown, Carolina, one of the correspondents of
Ellis and Linnaeus). Ellis, in Lin. gen. no. 296. Gsertn. fruct. t.
23. 177. 193. and 194. Blum, bijdr. p. 1014. Roxb. fl. ind. 2.
p. 549. D. C. prod. 4. p. 379. — Gardenia and Rothmannia,
Thunb. — Gardenia and Pinnga, Juss. — Gardenia and Sahlbergia,
Neck.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia Calyx with an ovate,
usually ribbed tube, and a tubular truncate, toothed (f. 93. a.),
cleft, or parted limb. Corolla funnel-shaped. (f. 93. b.~), or salver-
shaped, having the tube much longer than the calyx, and the
limb twisted in aestivation (f. 93. e.}, but afterwards spreading,
from 5-9-parted. Anthers 5-9, linear, almost sessile in the
throat of the corolla or exserted (f. 93. c.). Stigma clavate,
bifid or bidentate : lobes thick, erect. Ovarium 1-celled, half
divided by 2-5 incomplete dissepiments. Berry fleshy, crowned
by the calyx, chartaceous or nucleate inside, incompletely 2-5-
celled. Seeds minute, immersed in the fleshy parietal placentas.
Embryo albuminous. — Unarmed or spinescent trees or shrubs.
Leaves opposite, and sometimes, though rarely, in whorls, oval
or ovate. Flowers axillary or terminal, usually solitary, white,
and generally sweet-scented. The fruit of the greater number of
the species not being sufficiently known, they cannot be divided
into proper sections.
§ 1 . Shrubs without prickles. Tube of calyx or ovarium rib-
bed. Tube of corolla cylindrical.
1 G. FLO'RIDA (Lin. spec. p. 305.) shrubby, unarmed, erect ;
leaves elliptic, acute at both ends ; flowers solitary, almost ter-
minal, sessile, salver-shaped ; calycine segments vertical, lan-
ceolate-subulate, equalling the tube of the corolla in length ;
berry elongated, turbinate, ribbed. ^ . G. Native of China,
and cultivated in Japan, East Indies, the Cape of Good Hope,
&c. Ker, bot. reg. t. 449. G. jasminoides, Sol. phil. trans. 52.
t. 20.— Pluk. amalth. t. 448. f. 4. Jasmmum Capense, Mill,
diet. no. 7. fig. t. 180. Ehret. pict. t. 15. Flowers white, sweet-
scented, 5-9-parted. Berry 5-6-angled, 5-6-celled at the base,
and 1-celled at the apex, orange coloured, size of a pigeon's
egg, and the pulp is used for dyeing yellow in China and Japan.
Var. ft, jlore plena ; flowers double white, when fully blown
about the size of the middling rose, tj . G. This variety is
very frequent in gardens. G. jasminoides, Ellis in phil. trans,
vol. 51. t. 23. Jasminum Capense, Mill. fig. t. 180.— Rumph.
amb. 7. t. 14. f. 2.
Flowering Gardenia or Cape Jasmine. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
1754. Shrub 2 to 6 feet.
2 G. RADICANS (Thunb. diss. gard. no. 1. t. 1. f. 1.) shrubby,
unarmed ; stems radicant ; leaves lanceolate ; flowers solitary,
almost terminal, and nearly sessile, salver-shaped ; segments of
the calyx vertical, linear-subulate, equal in length to the tube of
the corolla. Pj . G. Native of Japan, and cultivated in the
East Indies, and at the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. jap.
t. 20. Ker, bot. reg. t. 73. Andr. bot. rep. t. 491. Flowers
while, very fragrant.
Rooting Gardenia or Cape Jasmine. Fl. March, June. Clt.
1804. PI. 1 to 2 feet,
3 G. ANGUSTIFO'LIA (Lodd. bot. cab. 512.) very like G.fimida,
from which it chiefly differs in being smaller, with narrower
leaves. >j . S. Native country unknown. Flowers white,
sweet-scented.
Narrow-leaved Gardenia. Fl. July. Clt. 1823. Shrub 3 ft.
G. TOMENTOSA (Blum. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 379.) un-
armed ; branchlets, leaves, and calyxes clothed with velvety to-
mentum ; leaves obovate-cuneated ; flowers terminal, sessile,
solitary; tube of calyx angularly ribbed: calycine teeth 10,
subulate, short. ^ • S. Native of the island of Java. Lobes
of corolla 10, obovate-oblong ; tube hardly longer than the
calyx. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Fruit unknown.
Tomentose Gardenia. Shrub.
5 G. CALYCULA'TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 550.) arboreous, un-
armed ; leaves ovate, petiolate, acuminated, smooth ; flowers ter-
minal, solitary, sessile, involucrated ; calycine segments ensi-
form ; anthers inclosed within the tube of the corolla. ^. S.
Native of the East Indies. Flowers large, white, fragrant,
5-parted.
Calyculate Gardenia. Tree.
6 G. COSTA'TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 550.) arboreous, unarmed;
leaves cuneiform-oblong, smooth, ribbed ; flowers terminal, sal-
ver-shaped ; calycine segments resiniferous, caducous ; berry
drupaceous, oval, 5- ribbed, 1-celled, containing a 2-valved
shell ; placentas 2, opposite, tj . S. Native of the mountainous
parts of India ; from those of Chittagong it has been introduced
to the botanic garden of Calcutta. G. coronaria, Hamilt. in
Symes. emb. to Ava, p. 474. with a figure. Flowers large,
white, sweet-scented, the tube being above 3 inches long, and
the border above 4 in diameter ; limb 5-parted. Berry yellow,
containing a soft and rather fetid pulp.
Ribbed-fruited Gardenia. Tree 20 feet.
7 G. CARINA TA (Wall, in Rc*b. fl. ind. 2. p. 560.) arbore-
ous, unarmed, resinous on the younger parts ; leaves elliptic-
obovate, ribbed, villous beneath ; flowers terminal, solitary ;
limb of calyx truncate, broad, obscurely 5-lobed, and 5-keeled ;
tube of corolla very long : limb 6-8-lobed. Jj . S. Native of
Penang, where it grows on the hills. Flowers smaller than those
of G. costata, at first snow white, but afterwards yellow, becom-
ing when dry of a beautiful orange colour. Fruit precisely as in
G. costata.
AeeM-calyxed Gardenia. Tree.
8 G.GRANDIFLORA (Lour, coch. p. 147.) arboreous, unarmed;
leaves lanceolate, shining ; flowers solitary, lateral, and terminal,
hexamerous ; segments of the calyx reflexedly-falcate ; corolla
salver-shaped, 6-parted ; berry oblong, acute at both ends. Ij .
G. Native of Cochinchina, on the banks of rivers. Blum,
bijdr. p. 1013. Flowers large, white, sweet-scented. Berry
hexagonal, 1-celled, glabrous, yellow. Seeds nestling in red
pulp. Anthers 6, rarely 5-7.
Great-jlomered Gardenia. Tree middle-sized.
9 G. TAITE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 380.) unarmed, glabrous,
resinous at the tops of the branches ; leaves obovate, almost
sessile ; stipulas broad, connate, permanent, short-acuminated ;
flowers solitary, in the axils of the upper leaves, pedicellate ;
tube of calyx angular : limb 3-4-parted, with vertical-oblong
foliaceous lobes ; corolla with a long terete tube, and a 5-7-
parted limb. Tj . G. Native of the island of Tahiti, where it
was collected by D'Urville. Lobes of calyx fewer by abortion
than the lobes of the corolla. Stigma bifid, the lobes long, and
acute. Fruit unknown.
Tahiti Gardenia. Shrub.
10 G. MARU'BA (Siebold, in Blum, bijdr. p. 1013.) unarmed ;
leaves opposite, or 3 in a whorl, obovate, coriaceous, glabrous ;
calyx angular, 5-cleft : segments subulate, .spreading. Jj . G.
Native of Japan. The rest unknown.
Maruba Gardenia. Tree.
11 G. SULCA'TA (Gsertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 79. t. 194.) berry ob-
ovate or elliptic, attenuated at the base, angular from obtuse
furrows, 1-celled ; seeds imbedded in the pulp, Tj . G. Native
country unknown. Perhaps allied to G.Jlorida.
Furromed-fruhed Gardenia. Shrub.
§ 2. Unarmed shrubs or trees. Tube of calyx or ovarium not
1
RUBIACE.E. XXXVI. GARDENIA.
497
ribbed ; having the limb equally toothed or parted, rarely trun-
cate. Tube of corolla cylindrical.
12 G. MUTA'BILIS (Reinw. in Blum, bljdr. p. 1016.) unarmed ?
leaves oblong, acuminated, glabrous, but pubescent in the axils
of the ribs on the under surface ; flowers axillary, solitary; limb
of calyx rather truncate ; corolla with an elongated glabrous
tube, and a 5-cleft limb. fj . S. Native of the island of Ce-
lebes. Said to be allied to G. carinata and G. tubiflora.
Changeable-fiowered Gardenia. Tree.
13 G. CALVCINA ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, rather coriaceous,
glabrous, on short petioles ; flowers axillary, solitary, almost
sessile ; corolla with a long tube, and a 5-cleft equal border ;
calyx 5-cleft. Jj . S. Native of Sierra Leone, on the edges of
woods. Flowers pale red, pentandrous.
Large-calyxed Gardenia. Shrub.
14 G. REINWARDTIA'NA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1913.) unarmed?
leaves oblong, attenuated at both ends, bluntish at the apex,
coriaceous, glabrous ; corymbs axillary, trifid, shorter than
the leaves; limb of calyx obsoletely 5 -toothed, rather trun-
cate ; corolla with an elongated glabrous tube, and a 5-cleft limb.
1? . S. Native of the Moluccas. Ignatia, Reinw. herb, ex
Blum. Ovarium half 2-celled, many seeded.
Reinmardt's Gtrdenia. Shrub.
15 G. LATIFOLIA (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 294.) arboreous, un-
armed ; leaves almost sessile, ovate or obovate : in the axils of
the veins beneath are hollow glands with hairy margins ; flowers
terminal, 1 -4-together, almost sessile, salver-shaped, 7 -11 -part-
ed ; limb of calyx short, subdentate ; berry drupaceous, round,
1 -celled, 5-valved. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies, on bar-
ren rocky hills, in the Circars and Carnatic. Roxb. cor. 2. p. 18.
t. 134. fl. ind. 2. p. 552. G. enneandra, Koen. mss. ex
Roxb. Flowers very large and very fragrant, when they first
open in the morning white, gradually growing yellow before
night. Berry size of a pullet's egg, crowned by a small part
only of the tube of the calyx. Leaves opposite or 3 in a whorl.
— G. latifolia, Gsertn. fr. 3. p. 78. t. 193. is a distinct species
from the fruit being crowned by the whole of the calyx, not with -
part of it.
Broad-leaved Gardenia. Clt. 1787. Tree 10 feet.
16 G. iifciDA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 553.) subarboreous, un-
armed, with resinous buds ; leaves oblong, smooth, shining, with
lateral simple parallel veins ; flowers almost terminal, solitary,
on short pedicels : lobes of calyx 5, subulate, 3 times shorter
than the tube of the corolla ; berry drupaceous, containing a 2-
valved shell. Jj • S. Native of Chittagong, and various other
parts of India ; and of the island of Luzon. Leaves about 6
inches long and 3 broad. Peduncles clavate, 1 to if inch long.
Flowers large, pure white, fragrant, 5-parted.
Shining-leaved Gardenia. Clt. 1819. Shrub or tree.
17 G. ARBOREA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 554.) arboreous, un-
armed; leaves ovate- oblong ; flowers terminal, almost sessile,
usually by threes ; corolla with a filiform tube, and a 5-parted
limb ; berry drupaceous, smooth, containing a 4-5-valved shell.
Ij . S. Native of the East Indies, among the Circars. The
leaves are deciduous during the cold season, and the shrub con-
tinues naked till the hot season is pretty far advanced. From
the buds and wounds made in the bark there exudes a very
beautiful yellow resin, like that from G. gummifcra. The size,
number, fragrance, mutability, and beauty of the flowers of this
species render it more deserving of a place in the garden than
any other species. The natives eat the fruit when ripe.
Arboreous Gardenia. Tree.
18 G. GUMMI'FERA (Lin. fil. suppl. 1. p. 164.) shrubby, un-
armed, with resinous buds ; leaves oblong, bluntly acuminated,
(hairy, ex Lin.) ; flowers sessile, solitary, almost terminal ; seg-
VOL. III.
ments of the calyx ovate, acute, very short ; tube of corolla equal
in length to the limb. Tj . S. Native of Ceylon and Coro-
mandel. Thunb. diss. gard. no. 4. t. 2. f. 3. Rottl. and Willd.
in act. bonn. 4. (1803) p. 198. G. inermis, Dietr. lex. 4. p.
285. Allied to G. arborea. Flowers white, sweet-scented.
From the bark of this tree exudes a yellow resin, similar to gum
elemi.
Gum-bearing Gardenia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
] 9 G. CLUSLEFOLIA (Jacq. coll. append. 37. t. 4. f. 3.) shrubby,
unarmed, glabrous ; leaves obovate, retuse, and somewhat emar-
ginate, coriaceous, on short petioles ; peduncles almost terminal,
racemose ; flowers on long pedicels ; limb of calyx short, 5-
toothed ; corolla salver-shaped, with 5 linear acute segments,
which are about the length of the tube, fj . G. Native of the
Bahama islands, where it is called by the inhabitants seven years
apple, ex Catesb. car. 1. p. 59. t. 59. Flowers white, sweet-
scented, with a greenish tube. Berry large, oval. Seeds im-
bedded in the pulp. The internal structure of the berry is un-
known. It differs from Gardenia in the shape of the stigma and
disposition of the flowers.
Clusia-leaved Gardenia. Shrub 5 feet.
20 G. ? TETRASPE'RMA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 555.) shrubby,
unarmed ; leaves obovate-cuneated, smooth ; flowers axillary,
solitary, on short pedicels, pentandrous ; calycine segments 5,
subulate ; limb of corolla 5-parted ; berry round, 4-seeded.
fj . S. Native of the East Indies, on the mountains near Shree-
nugur. Gardenia, no. 3. Hardw. in asiat. res. 6. p. 354. Leaves
on short petioles. Flowers greenish yellow, sweet-scented, with
a long tube, which widens upwards," and partly closed about the
middle by a ring of silky down.
Four-seeded Gardenia. Shrub 2 feet.
21 G. TUBI'FERA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 562.) subar-
boreous, unarmed ; leaves cuneate-oblong, petiolate, slightly
scabrous above, and pubescent beneath ; drupe round, uneven,
crowned by the very long truncate calycine tube. Pj . S. Native
of the East Indies, in Singapore. All the young parts of the
tree are resinous. Leaves 5-6 inches long. Drupe containing
a putamen, which is divisible into 8 valves. Flowers unknown.
Tube-bearing Gardenia. Tree or shrub.
22 G. ? ANISOPHY'LLA (Jack, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 561.)
arboreous, unarmed ; leaves elliptic, those opposite each other
unequal, densely clothed with vilii ; stipulas concrete at the
base, bearded inside ; corymbs axillary, villous ; limb of calyx
5-toothed ; tube of corolla short ; drupe oval, villous. Jj . S.
Native of the islands of Pulo-Penang and Singapore, on the hills.
Leaves tapering to the base, 6-12 inches long. Flowers rather
small, white, by threes, villous outside: limb 5-parted. Stigma
clavate, 2-lobed. Drupe size of a walnut, containing a 2-valved
putamen. Perhaps a species of Genipa or Fosoqueria.
Unequal-leaved Gardenia. Tree.
23 G. FORMOSA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Llnnsea. 4. p. 200.)
unarmed ; leaves on short petioles, nearly orbicular, terminating
in a very short acumen each, clothed with canescent tomentum
along the veins on the upper surface, but clothed with hoary
tomentum underneath, as well as the petioles, cymes, and flowers ;
calyx 5-toothed ; stigma bilamellate. ^ . S. Native of Brazil.
Corolla white, having the tube about 1 inches long, and the throat
an inch in diameter; limb 5-parted. Fruit unknown.
Beautiful Gardenia. Shrub.
24 G. SELLOWIA'NA (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 198.) un-
armed, glabrous ; leaves broad-lanceolate, on short petioles,
shining above ; stipulas connate between the petioles ; cymes 3-
5-flowered ; calyx 5-toothed ; stigma bilamellate. >j . S. Native
of Equinoxial Brazil. Corolla white, hairy ; the tube about 3
inches long and coriaceous, and the limb 5-parted. Fruit sphe-
rical, smooth. '
3S
498
. XXXVI. GARDENIA.
Bella's Gardenia. Shrub.
25 G. HEXA'NDRA (Willd. rel. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 243.) unarmed ; leaves obovate, pubescent beneath ; flowers
usually hexandrous ; corollas hairy both inside and outside, with
the tube very short. f? . S. Native of South America, where
it was collected by Humboldt and Bonpland. The rest un-
known.
Hexandrous-Qovtered Gardenia. Shrub.
§ 3. Unarmed shrubs. Tube of calyx or ovarium not ribbed ;
but the limb is tubular and ribbed, 5-6-cleft, as well as being cleft
laterally. Tube of corolla cylindrical. — Pirmga, Juss.
26 G. THUNBE'RGH (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 162.) shrubby, un-
armed ; leaves elliptic, acute, glabrous ; flowers terminal, soli-
tary, sessile, 8-parted ; limb of calyx tubular, cleft laterally :
with the segments dilated at the apex ; berry ovate. ^ . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, and the island of Manilla.
Thunb. diss. gard. no. 3. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1004. Thunbergia
Capensis, Montin, in act. holm. 1773. t. 11. G. verticillata,
Lam. diet. 2. p. 607. G. crassicaulis, Salisb. par. lond. t. 46.
Bergkias, Sonner. voy. nov. guin. t. 17-18. Journ. phys. 3. p.
299. t. 3. Caquepiria Bergkia, Gmel. syst. 651. Piringa, Juss.
rnem. mus. 6. p. 399. Flowers large, white, fragrant. Berry
1-celled ; placentas parietal, 4, exserted. Leaves opposite, or
3-4 in a whorl.
Thunberg's Gardenia. Fl. Jan. March. Clt. 1774. Shrub
4 to 5 feet.
§ 4. Unarmed shrubs. Tube of calyx ribbed or angular from
the decurrent segments. Tube of corolla with a dilated obconical
throat. Berry %-celled. — Rothmdnnia, Thunb.
27 G. ROTHMA'NNIA (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 165.) arboreous, un-
armed ; leaves oblong, acute, glabrous, on very short petioles,
having glandular hairs in the axils of the veins underneath ;
flowers axillary, and almost terminal, solitary, sessile, 5-parted,
and pentandrous ; calyx ribbed, having the segments subulate,
terete, and erect ; corolla with an obconical tube, a campa-
nulate throat, and spreading acute segments. Jj . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. diss. gard. no. 6. Sims,
bot. mag. 690. Rothmannia Capensis, Thunb. act. holm. 1776.
p. 65. f. 2. Flowers white, spotted with red, sweet-scented ;
tube of corolla glabrous. Young branches downy.
Rothmann's Gardenia. Fl. July. Clt. 1774. Shrub 5 to
10 feet.
§ 5. Unarmed or spinose shrubs. Leaves 3 in a whorl.
28 G. TERNIFOLIA (Thonn. in Schum. pi. guin. p. 147.) un-
armed, glabrous ; leaves 3 in a whorl, obovate, cuneated at the
base, almost sessile ; flowers solitary, almost terminal, girded at
the base by a short truncate involucel ; calyx with a smooth
tube, and a tubular short toothed limb ; corolla with a long
terete tube, and a 6-7-parted limb. Tj . S. Native of Guinea.
Flowers 3 inches long, white ; lobes of corolla oval-oblong,
acutish.
Tern-leaved Gardenia. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
29 G. TRIACA'NTHA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 382.) glabrous ;
branches 3 in a whorl, spinescent ; leaves 3 in a whorl, obovate,
cuneated at the base, almost sessile ; flowers solitary, terminal,
sessile ; calyx with a smooth tube, and a tubular semi-5-cleft
limb : lobes acute ; corolla with a long almost terete tube, and a
5-parted limb : lobes thick, obovate. Tj . S. Native of the
Gambia, in woods. Leaves hardly an inch long. Corolla 2
inches long. Berry ovate-globose. Fruit size of a walnut.
Spines thick, short, conical, spreading.
Tkree-spined Gardenia. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
30 G. MEDICINA'LIS (Vahl, in Schum. pi. guin. p. 148.) gla-
FIG. 93.
brous ; spines tern, stiff, leafy at the apex ; leaves elliptic, gla-
brous ; flowers terminal, sessile, solitary ; limb of calyx bifid,
With roundish recesses, and trifid segments ; corolla with the
tube dilated upwards, and the lobes obovate. fj. S. Native of
Guinea.
Medicinal Gardenia. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
§ 6. Spiny shrubs.
&\ G. AM<EVNA (Sims, bot.
mag. t. 1904.) shrubby ; spines
axillary, short, straight ; leaves
oval, acute, glabrous, on short
petioles ; flowers almost termi-
nal, solitary, sessile, 5-parted,
and pentandrous ; tube of calyx
with short teeth ; corolla salver-
shaped, with a long terete tube.
I? . G. Native of China. Flowers
white, having the lobes purple
on the outside in that part,
which is exposed to the air,
while the corolla is in aestiva-
tion ; the tube greenish.
Pleasing Gardenia. Fl. June,
Aug. Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
32 G. TU'RGJDA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 557.) arboreous, with
swollen mealy bark, and brachiate branches ; spines opposite
and terminal ; leaves obovate, tapering into the petioles at the
base, smooth ; flowers lateral, usually solitary ; limb of calyx
tubular, 5-toothed ; corolla smooth, salver-shaped ; anthers
almost inclosed. lj . S. Native of the East Indies, at Botham.
Leaves 1-4 inches long, and 1-3 broad. Stipulas broad at the
base, and subulate at the apex. Flowers 5-6-parted. Berry
oval, scabrous outside, containing a hard 5-valved putamen.
Seeds imbedded in the pulp. Stigma clavate, 5-grooved.
<SWWe«-barked Gardenia. Tree.
33 G. MONTA'NA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 556.) arboreous; spines
opposite, short, acute, stiff; leaves oblong, obtuse, almost ses-
sile, downy beneath, with revolute edges ; flowers rising 3-5 in
a fascicle from the buds, on short pedicels ; limb of calyx usually
5-toothed ; corolla 5-7-cleft ; stamens inclosed ; berry drupa-
ceous, roundish, containing a 5-6-valved putamen. I? . S. Na-
tive of the East Indies, among the Circar mountains. Bark
white, soft, and spongy. Leaves deciduous in December, 3 inches
long, and 2 broad, smooth and shining above. Flowers pretty
large, fragrant, when first open white, but soon becoming more
or less yellow. Corolla with a somewhat gibbous tube, and a
smooth throat. Nectary a moniliform fleshy ring, surrounding
the insertion of the style. Berry the size of a pullet's egg, ash
coloured, and yellow mixed. Seeds imbedded in the pulp.
Mountain Gardenia. Clt. 1819. Tree or shrub.
34 G. CAMPANULA'TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 557.) shrubby;
branches short, spiny at the apex ; spines solitary ; leaves lan-
ceolate, smooth, acuminated at both ends ; flowers on short pe-
dicels, in terminal and lateral fascicles ; limb of calyx campanu-
late, with a short acutely 5-toothed border ; corolla subcampanu-
late, 5-lobed ; berry roundish-ovate, fj . S. Native of the
East Indies, in the forests of Chittagong. Thorns generally ter-
minating the little lateral opposite branchlets. Leaves 2-5
inches long. Stipulas triangular, acute. Flowers small, of a
pale yellow colour, crowded at the extremities of short stiff
lateral spinose branchlets. Stigma somewhat 5-grooved. An-
thers inclosed. Berry round, the size of a golden pippin apple,,
smooth, 1-celled ; placentas 5, parietal. Seeds imbedded in the
yellow pulp.
Gardenia. Clt. 1815. Sh. 5 to 10 ft.
7
RUBIACE^E. XXXVI. GARDENIA. XXXVII. RANDIA.
499
35 G. BLUMEA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 383.) shrubby, spinose ;
leaves lanceolate, glabrous ; flowers axillary, and almost termi-
nal, usually solitary ; calycine segments ovate, bluntish ; corolla
somewhat campanulate. Ij . S. Native of Java, among bushes
on the mountains. G. campanulata, Blum, bijdr. p. 1017.
This differs from G. campanulata, Roxb. in the figure of the
calyx.
Blume's Gardenia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
t Species not sufficiently known.
Unarmed shrubs.
36 G. ? VOLU'BILIS (Lour. coch. p. 148.) shrubby, unarmed,
twining ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous, on short pe-
tioles ; peduncles long, axillary, many flowered ; calycine seg-
ments 5, acute, erect; corolla funnel-shaped, with a dilated
throat ; berry roundish, 2-celled. fy • Gr. Native of China
beyond the suburbs of Canton. Flowers pale. Stigma thick,
warted, subulate at the apex. Seeds round. This shrub should
be excluded from Gardenia. Segments of corolla, long, repand.
Twining Gardenia. Shrub tw.
37 G.? PUBE'SCENS (Roth, nov. spec. 151.) unarmed ; leaves
roundish-oval, acuminated at both ends, clothed with brown to-
mentum beneath while young, as well as on the branchlets ;
corymbs axillary, dichotomous, divaricate ; calyx minutely 5-
toothed ; corolla funnel-shaped, tomentose. J? . S. Native of
the East Indies. Flowers the size of those of Rhamnus frdn-
gula. Berry the size of a cherry, rugged from dots, glabrous.
Pubescent Gardenia. Clt. 1824. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
38 G. ? ACUMINA'TA ; shrubby, branched, unarmed; leaves
broad-oval, lanceolate, long, sessile ; flowers terminal and axil-
lary, small ; fruit oval, acuminated. "2 . S. Native of Sierra
Leone, on the mountains in the woods. Perhaps a species of
Pomatium.
Acuminated-fruited Gardenia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
39 G. ? BRASILIE'NSIS (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 763.) unarmed;
leaves oblong, coriaceous, opaque ; branchlets hairy ; peduncles
axillary, 3-4-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; calycine seg-
ments subulate, shorter than the tube of the corolla. fj . S.
Native of Brazil.
Brazilian Gardenia. Shrub.
40 G. ? LONGIFOLIA ; shrubby, branched, unarmed; leaves
long, broad-lanceolate, acuminated, entire, membranous, petio-
late ; flowers terminal, solitary, sessile ; fruit large, roundish,
smooth. Tj . S. Native of Sierra Leone, in the woods on the
mountains.
Long-leaved Gardenia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
* Spinose shrubs,
41 G.? DE'NSA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 559.) shrubby,
stiff"; branches numerous, decussate, spinose at the apex ; leaves
in fascicles, obovate, almost sessile, smooth ; flowers solitary,
sessile, terminal ; limb of calyx tubular, 5-toothed : teeth subu-
late ; corolla with a 5-parted limb, and lanceolate acuminated
lobes. fy . G. Native of Nipaul, on the southern face of
Sheopore, above Thoka. Branches obscurely 4-cornered. While
young the thorns are pubescent, and covered by a pair of ap-
proximate stipula-like scales. Flowers small, of a yellowish
white colour, fragrant. Corolla pubescent within, and closed by
a circle of silky hairs about the middle. Stigma obscurely 2-
lobed. Very nearly allied to G. tetrasperma. Cells of ovarium
3-seeJed.
Dense Gardenia. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
42 G. SCA'NDENS (Thunb. diss. gard. no. 9. t. 2. f. 5.)
shrubby, climbing ; spines straight, very short, decussate ;
leaves ovate, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered ;
corolla with a terete tube, and lanceolate segments ; calyx 5-
toothed. Tj . w. G. Native of China. G. jasminoicles, Retz,
obs. 2. p. 14. Perhaps a species of Rdndia. Corolla white,
glabrous. Stigma clavate.
Climbing Gardenia. Shrub cl.
43 G. ? PAPULA (Horsf. ex Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst.
5. p. 244.) spines hooked, shorter than the petioles ; leaves ovate,
acute ; corymbs axillary. Ij . S. Native of Java. The rest
unknown.
Spreading Gardenia. Shrub.
44 G. ? STIPULA'RIS (Rottl. et Willd. in act. bonn. 4. (1803.)
p. 182.) shrubby; spines setaceous; leaves elliptic, acute at
both ends, short ; flowers sessile, solitary, terminal ; calycine
segments obtuse, and are as well as the tube glabrous. Jj . S.
Native of the East Indies. Spines very short. Leaves like
those of G. spinosa. Corolla with a long slender tube. The
spines, according to Rottler, are stipular ; hence the name.
Stipular-spined Gardenia. Shrub.
45 G. ? FAGIFOLIA (Willd. rel. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 243.) branchlets terminated by 4 spines ; flowers solitary ;
leaves roundish-ovate, downy beneath, stiff) plicately veined.
Ij . S. Native of South America, where it was collected by
Humboldt and Bonpland. Willdenow says the leaves are acute-
angled, but this is probably a mistake.
Beach-leaved Gardenia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
46 G. ? CORNIFOUA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 384.) shrubby, spi-
nose ; branches glabrous ; leaves acuminated, ovate, rather cori-
aceous, and are, as well as the branches, downy ; flowers 6-8-
together at the tops of the branches, sessile, subcorymbose, each
furnished with a bifid involucel ; calyx 4-toothed ; corolla vil-
lous on the outside, with a terete tube, and a spreading 4- parted
limb. ^2 . G. Native of the temperate parts of New Granada,
near Guadua. Gardenia parviflora, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 408. t. 293. but not of Poir. Flowers white, sweet-
scented. The ovarium and fruit being unknown, it is doubtful
whether it belongs to the genus.
Dogwood-leaved Gardenia. Shrub 5 feet.
47 G. ? MICROCA'RPA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 384.) spines few, short, straight ; leaves oblong, coriace-
ous, shining above, quite glabrous on both surfaces, as well as
the branchlets ; stipulas subulately acuminated ; flowers 1 -3-
together, terminal, pedicellate ; limb of calyx short, tubular,
with subulate teeth, which are much shorter than the corolla,
which is glabrous ; fruit ovate, crowned. Jj • S. Native of the
Philippine islands, as in Luzon, &c. Perhaps a species of
Rdndia.
Small-fruited Gardenia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
Cult. All the species of Gardenia bear elegant sweet-scented
flowers, which in most of the species are large. They are
generally free flowerers. The soil best suited for them is a
mixture of loam, peat, and sand. The stove species thrive best
in a moist heat ; and cuttings of all root readily if taken off
while not too ripe, planted in a pot of sand, which should be
plunged in a moist heat under a hand-glass. The double-
flowered varieties otG.Jlorida and G. radlcans are cultivated to a
considerable extent, under the name of Cape jasmine, for the beauty
and fragrance of their flowers ; the best manner of getting these
to bloom freely is to set them in a close frame, on a little bottom
heat, in spring, but the pots should not be plunged; and in
winter they may be set in the green-house.
XXXVII. RA'NDIA (named after Isaac Rand, M.D. once
a demonstrator of botany at the Chelsea botanic garden). Houst.
in Lin. hort. cliff. (1737.) p. 485. gen. no. 211. Juss. mem.
mus. 6. p. 392. Lam. ill. t. 156. D. C. prod. 4. p. 384.— Oxy-
500
RUBIACE.E. XXXVII. RANDIA.
ceros, Lour. coch. p. 151. — Posoqueria and Randia species,
Roxb. fl. ind.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obovate
tube, and a 5-lobed limb. Corolla salver-shaped, with a short
tube, which is hardly longer than the calycine lobes in the first
section, but in the second section 2 or 3 times longer, always
with a 5-parted limb, which is twisted in aestivation. Anthers
sessile within the tube of the corolla, inclosed. Stigmas 2, thick.
Berry nearly dry, crowned by the calyx, corticate, 2-celled.
Seeds many in each cell, fixed to a central placenta, wingless,
imbedded in the pulp, or imbricated downwards. Albumen
cartilaginous. Embryo straight, with a terete radicle, and orbi-
cular flat cotyledons. — Much branched small trees or shrubs,
with axillary opposite or subverticillate thorns. Leaves sessile
or on very short petioles. Stipulas solitary on each side, some-
times evidently formed from 2 being combined. Flowers almost
sessile, usually solitary, rising from the axils of the leaves. —
This genus is nearly allied to Posoqueria, but differs in the dry
fruit, and in its being truly 2-celled.
SECT. I. OXY'CEROS (from o£t/c, oxys, sharp, and xcpat, Jceras,
a horn ; in reference to the shrubs being furnished with sharp
thorns). D. C. prod. 4. p. 385. Thorny shrubs. Throat of
corolla not dilated.
§ 1. Flowers axillary, solitary, on short pedicels.
1 R. LATIFOLIA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 24. ill. t. 156. f. 1.) branch-
lets glabrous ; leaves obovate, quite glabrous, almost sessile,
cuneated at the base ; flowers axillary, sessile, solitary, salver-
shaped ; tube of corolla twice the length of the calycine teeth,
with a pilose throat. T? . S. Native of the West India islands,
in arid places among bushes ; and probably of Mexico. Randia
aculeata, Lin. spec. p. 214. Gardenia aculeata, Ait. hort. kew.
Gard. Randia, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 526. — Browne, jam. t. 8.
f. 1. Sloan, hist. t. 2. f. 4. Spines axillary, opposite, spreading,
forming a straight angle, 4-5 lines long. Corolla white, with
the tube 4-5 lines long, and green. Berry the size of a small
cherry, white or yellow. Seeds 6-8 in each cell, surrounded by
pulp. Browne called this species Indigo berry, because the pulp
of the fruit stains paper and linen of a fine fixed blue colour.
The spines at the tops of the branchlets are usually solitary.
Var. ft, mitis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 385.) the larger leaves are
nearly oval ; the thorns are few or wanting altogether, and the
flowers are fewer and larger than in the species. ^ . S. Native
along with the species, but in more moist situations. Randia
mitis, Lin. spec. 213. Gardenia Randia ft mitis, Swartz, fl. ind.
occ. p. 528. Gard. Randia, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1841. — Sloane,
hist. t. 161. f. 1. Flowers white. The juice of the fruit is
deep blue.
•Broad-leaved Randia. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1733. Shrub 5
to 1 0 feet.
2 R. OBOVA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 409.
but not of Ruiz and Pav.) branchlets clothed with hairy tomen-
tum ; leaves obovate, glabrous ; thorns straight, spreading ;
flowers solitary, sessile, almost terminal ; tube of corolla twice
the length of the calyx, with a silky throat ? ^ . S. Native of
New Granada, at the mouth of the river Sinu. Flowers small,
white. Very like R. latifblia, but differs in the branches being
tomentose, and in the flowers being smaller.
O6otn<?-leaved Randia. Shrub 5 to 8 feet.
3 R. PUBE'SCENS (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. t. 120. f. b.) leaves
obovate, acute, downy ; thorns opposite, axillary, spreading,
much shorter than the leaves ; flowers solitary, sessile, girded at
the base by numerous short adpressed bracteas ; tube of corolla
equal in length to the calycine lobes. ^ • S. Native of Peru,
on the Andes, in hot places among broken rocks. R. obovata,
Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. syst. 2. p. 68. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 246. but not of Kunth. Gardenia obovata, Dietr. Spreng.
Floriferous branches spinose, the rest unarmed, spreading, and
somewhat tetragonal ; stipulas subulate. Leaves 4-5 inches
long. Corolla white, twice the length of the calyx. Berry
pubescent, of a greyish yellow colour, crowned by the lobes of
the calyx, which are acuminated.
Downy Randia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 5 to 6 ft.
4 R. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 68.) thorns
and branches somewhat verticillate ; leaves roundish and ovate,
downy on both surfaces, wrinkled ; flowers solitary, sessile ;
corolla twice as long as the calyx. Ij . S. Native of Peru, in
groves about Huassa-Huassi. Gardenia rotundifolia, Dietr. ex
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 246. Stipulas ovate, acute.
Flowers solitary in the centre of the leaves. Corolla white.
Berry yellowish, 1 -celled, size of a filbert, when young villous,
. crowned by the lobes of the calyx, which are elongated and
linear. Seeds compressed, imbedded in the black pulp.
Round-leaved Randia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub
6 feet.
5 R. ECHINOCA'RPA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex
D. C. prod. 4. p. 385.) thorns 4 in a whorl, spreading ; leaves
ovate, acuminated, rather villous, crowded at the tops of the
branches ; flowers solitary, sessrfe, almost terminal ; fruit glo-
bose, echinated. tj . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers white.
Limb of calyx 5-lobed; lobes linear- subulate. Allied to R.
tetracdntfia, but differs in the calyx being 5-parted, not tubular
and 5-toothed, and in the tube of the corolla being one-half
shorter.
Hedgehog-fruited Randia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
6 R. DUMETORUM (Lam. ill. t. 156. f. 4.) thorns opposite ;
leaves oval, bluntish, cuneated at the base, glabrous ; flowers
sessile, solitary, almost terminal ; limb of calyx 5-parted, with
oblong lobes, which are a little shorter than the corolla, which is
villous. T? . S. Native of the East Indies, frequent on the sea
shore. Cambium coronatum, Lam. diet. 1. p. 602. Gardenia
dumetorum, Retz, obs. 2. p. 14. Roxb. cor. t. 136. Gardenia
spinosa, Lin. fil. suppl. 164. Randia spinosa, Blum, bijdr. p.
981. Posoqueria dumetorum, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 564. Gar-
denia spinosa, Thunb. diss. gard. no. 7. t. 2. f. 4. Ceriscus
Malabaricus, Geerta. fr. 1. t. 28.— Pluk. t. 98. f. 6. Flowers
white, clothed on the outside with adpressed villi, sweet-scented.
Branches downy while young, but afterwards glabrous. Berry
almost globose, yellow, about the size of a small apple, 2-celled,
and crowned ; cells many seeded. This shrub is employed for
fences in the places of its natural growth. The fruit bruised and
thrown into ponds where fish are, they are soon intoxicated, and
seen floating. Fishermen sometimes follow this mode to enable
them to take the fish with more ease. They are not deemed
less wholesome from the effects of the fruit. Cocculus I'ndicus
does not grow in those parts, nor is it known or used there for
this purpose.
Bush Randia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1777. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
7 R.? ULIGINOSA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 386.) thorns almost ter-
minal, opposite ; branches tetragonal ; leaves oblong, somewhat
cuneated, glabrous ; flowers solitary, sessile, almost terminal ;
limb of calyx tubular, almost entire, a little shorter than the
tube of the corolla, which is villous in the throat. Tj . S. Native
of the East Indies, delighting in moist places, such as the banks
of rivers, low lands, &c. Gardenia uliginosa, Retz, obs. 2. p.
14. Roxb. cor. t. 135. Posoqueria uliginosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 2.
p. 563. Thorns 1-2-3 or 4 at the extremities of the branchlets.
Leaves 2-3 inches long, and 1-J broad. Flowers 1-2 or 3 at the
tops of the branchlets, large, white, and fragrant. Berry size
and shape of a pullet's egg, ash coloured, or olive grey, 2-celled.
1
RUBIACE£. XXXVII. RANDIA.
501
Seeds flattish, nestling in the pulp. The flowers of this species
render it deserving of a conspicuous place in a hot-house. The
uncommon appearance of the plant is also in its favour.
Bog Randia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1802. Shrub 5 to 8 feet.
8 R. LONGISPINA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 386.) thorns opposite or
alternate, horizontal ; branches long, dependent ; leaves obovate-
cuneated, smooth ; flowers axillary, and almost terminal, solitary
on short pedicels ; tube of calyx cylindrical, 5-lobed : lobes
ovate-cordate, permanent ; corolla villous on the outside ; berry
obovate, smooth. ^ • S. Native of the coast of Coromandel.
Posoqueria longispina, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 566. Link, enum.
hort. berol. 225. ? Thorns sharp, from 1 to 2 inches long.
Leaves on the young shoots opposite, on the old ones in fascicles.
Stipulas subulate. Flowers pretty large, pure white, and fra-
grant. Tube of corolla as long as the calyx, with a villous
throat. Berry size of a nutmeg. Seeds immersed in the pulp.
Long-spined Randia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1812. Shrub 5
to 6 feet.
9 R. NU'TANS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 386.) thorns slender, oppo-
site, spreading; branches long, dependent, pubescent while
young ; leaves narrow-obovate-oblong ; flowers axillary, solitary,
on short peduncles ; corolla silky on the outside ; berry globose,
crowned by the tube of the calyx, which is entire, f? . S. Na-
tive of the East Indies. Posoqueria nutans, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p.
565. Cerfscus Malabaricus, Gaertn. fr. 1. t. 28.? Leaves on
short petioles, opposite on the young shoots, but fascicled on the
old ones, from 1 to 2 inches long, by about 1 broad. Flowers
solitary, under the spines, middle-sized, white, and fragrant ;
throat of corolla villous. Berry size of a nutmeg, 2-celled.
Nodding-braached Randia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
§ 2. Flowers in fascicles or racemes, in the axils of the leaves,
or extremities of the branches.
10 R. ? PARVIFLORA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 25.) thorns opposite!
very short ; leaves ovate, petiolate, glabrous ; racemes villous ;
flowers axillary, disposed in fascicles, on short pedicels ; limb of
calyx with 5 short teeth. ^. S. Native of the East Indies.
The thorns, according to Lamarck, are arched. Gardenia Son-
nerattii, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 762. Perhaps Gardenia macrantha,
Thunb. diss. gard. no. 8. t. 1. f. 2. is referrible to this species,
but the spines are said to be straight ; but the fruit in both are
unknown, therefore the genus to which they belong is doubtful.
Flowers small, 3-together.
Small-flowered Randia. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1818. Shrub
4 to 5 feet.
1 1 R. FLORIBU'NDA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 386.) thorns axillary,
stiff; leaves opposite and in fascicles, obovate-cuneated, smooth;
flowers disposed in lateral fascicles, on short pedicels ; tube of
calyx longer than the lobes, which are lanceolate ; corolla
silky outside ; berry ovate, cordate, polished. Jj . S. Native of
the coast of Coromandel. Posoqueria floribunda, Roxb. fl. ind.
2. p. 569. A large stiff branched shrub, in a good soil growing
to a small tree. Flowers middle-sized, white at first, but soon
becoming yellow, and fragrant, produced in fascicles, from short
scaly spurs. Segments of corolla obovate. Berry size of a
prune, 2-celled, many seeded, crowned.
Bundle-flowered Randia. Shrub or small tree.
12 R. LONOIFLORA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 26. ill. t. 156. f. 3. but
not of Salisb.) arboreous ; thorns opposite, recurved ; leaves
lanceolate-oblong, smooth ; corymbs terminal and axillary, 11-13
flowered ; limb of calyx tubular, 5-lobed : lobes semilunar ;
tube of corolla long and slender. P? . S. Native of Chittagong,
in the East Indies, where it grows to a pretty large tree. Poso-
queria longiflora, Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 568. Gardenia
multiflora, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1231. Posoqueria multiflora, Blum,
bijdr. p. 980. Branches terete, smooth. Leaves 6 inches long,
and 1| or 2 broad. Flowers large, pale, or nearly white when
they first expand, becoming yellow by the second day, fragrant.
Berry the size of the cherry, yellow when ripe, smooth, fleshy.
Long-flowered Randia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1818. Tree small.
13 R. FASCICULA TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 386.) thorns axillary,
spreading ; leaves ovate-oblong, almost sessile, smooth ; fascicles
of flowers nearly sessile, axillary, and in the forks of the branches ;
calyx hairy, with 5 subulate lobes. Fj . G. Native of Silhet,
in the East Indies. Posoqueria fasciculata, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p.
568. A much branched shrub. Thorns straight. Flowers
middle-sized, at first white, but in the course of a day changing
to a pale yellow colour. Segments of corolla oblong. Ovarium
2-celled, many seeded.
Fascicled-flowered Randia. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
14 R. RI'GIDA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 386.) thorns opposite, supra-
axillary, each having an annular joint, rarely 2 above the middle,
the lower half downy, the upper smooth and shining ; branches
tetragonal, and are, as well as the calyxes, villous ; leaves ovate,
smooth, on short petioles ; flowers by threes, axillary, and almost
terminal ; tube of corolla long, slender ; berry downy. fj . S.
Native of the valley of Nipaul, and the surrounding mountains ;
and also at Noakote. Posoquferia rigida, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p.
570. A strong rigid branchy shrub. Leaves in approximate
fascicles, ending each in a cuspidate point. Flowers white and
fragrant. Leaves shining above, but with a few short hairs along
the nerves beneath. Corolla smooth on the outside. Berry purple,
2-celled, many seeded. Perhaps a true species of Posoqueria.
Said to be allied to R. fasciculata.
Stiff Randia. Shrub 6 feet.
15 R. STR'ICTA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 145.) branches stiff, de-
cussate ; leaves smooth, oblong, acute, on short petioles ; fasci-
cles of flowers sessile, dense, globose, axillary, bracteate ; tube
of corolla short, hairy inside ; berry globose. Tj . S. Native
of the East Indies, on the mountains north of Bengal. Ma-
crocnemum strictum, Willd. rel. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 6. Smith, in Rees's cycl. vol. 22. no. 5. Rodeletia stricta,
Roth, nov. spec. p. 140. Flowers small, white. Berry size of
a pea, 2-celled, smooth. Seeds imbricated in 2 rows in each cell,
attached to the partition above its middle. Perhaps a distinct
genus.
Straight Randia. Shrub 5 to 10 feet.
16 R. SCA'NDENS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 387.) stem scandent
prickly ; prickles recurved ; leaves oval, acuminated, coriaceous,
glabrous ; peduncles almost terminal, usually 3-flowered at the
apex ; tube of corolla short ; limb of calyx tubular, rather
truncate. Tj . S. Native of Java, on the mountains of Parang
and Salak. Tocoyena scandens, Blum, bijdr. p. 980. Flowers
white.
Climbing Randia. Shrub cl.
17 G. TETRA'NDRA (D. C. 1. c.) thorns scattered, straight ;
leaves ovate, acuminated, narrowed at the base, rather coriaceous,
and are as well as the branchlets downy ; stipulas ovate, acu-
minated ; flowers 6-8 in a fascicle at the tops of the branches,
sessile, tetrandrous; bracteas connate; teeth of calyx 4, subu-
late ; corolla clothed with silky hairs outside. T; • S. Native
of New Granada, in temperate places near Guarlua. Gardenia
parviflora, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 408. t. 293.
Flowers small, white.
Tetrandrous -flowered Randia. Shrub 5 feet.
18 R. ARMA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 387.) thorns 4 together at
the tops of the branchlets, short, spreading ; leaves ovate, acute
at both ends ; flowers usually 4 on the tops of the branchlets,
on short pedicels ; lobes of calyx linear-cuneiform ; tube of
corolla long, cylindrical, glabrous. T? . S. Native of Cartha-
502
RUBIACE^i. XXXVII. RANDIA.
gena, Martinico, St. Lucia, &c. in woods. Mussae'nda spinosa,
Lin. mant. p. 45. Jacq. amer. t. 49. Gardenia armata, Swartz,
fl. ind. occ. p. 524. Gardenia tetracantha, Lam. diet. 2. p.
609. Leaves glabrous or downy, cuneated at the base. Tube
of corolla an inch long. Flowers pure white, sweet-scented.
Berry oval, corticate, 2-celled, crowned by the calyx.^ Seeds
numerous, enveloped in pulp. It differs from R. tetracantha in
the flowers being one half smaller.
Armed Randia. Clt. 1813. Shrub 5 to 10 feet.
19 R. FEVROX (D. C. 1. c.) thorns decussate, spreading, acute ;
leaves ovate, or oval, glabrous above and pubescent beneath ;
stipulas pellucid ; flowers disposed in cymose fascicles ; tube of
calyx turbinate, but the limb is acute and 5-cleft beyond the
middle ; segments of corolla almost orbicular. fj . S. Native
of Brazil, at Rio Padre. Gardenia ferox, Cham, et Schlecht.
in Linnaea. 4. p. 198. Flowers white, sweet-scented.
Fierce Randia. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
20 R. CAPITA'TA (D.C. 1. c.) thorns stiff, short, 4 at the top
of each branchlet ; leaves ovate, acute, hairy on both surfaces
as well as on the branchlets ; flowers sessile, 6-8 in a capitate
fascicle at the tops of the branchlets ; limb of calyx tubular,
with stiff, subulate teeth ; tube of corolla 3 times longer than
the segments, villous on the outside. T? . G. Native of Mexico.
Flowers white, sweet-scented.
Capitate-flowered Randia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
21 R. TETRACA'NTHA (D. C. 1. c.) branches opposite, hori-
zontal, bearing each 4 thorns at the apex ; leaves lanceolate,
acuminated, tomentose ; flowers sessile, 4 at the top of each
branch ; limb of calyx tubular, terminating in 5 subulate teeth ;
tube of corolla long, villous. Tj . S. Native of Mexico, about
Acapulco and Regiomonti. Mussae'nda tetracantha, Cav. icon.
5. p. 20. t. 435. Gardenia armata. Bartl. but not of Swartz.
Corolla pale yellow. Berry size of a pigeon's egg, not crowned
by the calyx.
Four-spined Randia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. 5 to 10 ft.
22 R. PROPI'N«UA ; branches slightly downy, armed with 4
spines at the apex, placed crosswise ; leaves ovate, cordate,
undulated, acuminated, downy, petiolate ; flowers in terminal
fascicles. ^ . S. Native country unknown. Gardenia pro-
pinqua, Lindl. bot. reg. t. 975. Thorns straight, infra-axillary.
Leaves clustered at the ends of the branches, rather longer than
the flowers. Corolla with a long cylindrical tube, and a 5-
parted, spreading limb, with cordate, ovate, acute, flat segments,
which are rather longer than the tube. Anthers semi-exserted,
Flowers large, white.
Allied Randia. Fl. July. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
23 R. HUMBOLDTIA'NA (D. C. 1. c.) branches nearly terete,
glabrous, furnished each with 2 spines at the apex ; leaves ellip-
tic, short-acuminated, pubescent, membranous ; flowers 3-5 to-
gether, terminal, pedunculate ; corollas pubescent. (7 . S.
Native on the shores of the Pacific near Guayaquil. Mussae'nda
pubescens, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 410. Gar-
denia Humboldtiana, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 243. Mus-
sae'nda Humboldtiana, Steud. nom. Gardenia pubescens, Bartl.
in herb. Haenke, but not of Roth. Flowers white, sweet-
scented. Allied to R. armata. Fruit unknown.
Humboldt's Randia. Shrub 5 to 10 feet.
24 R. NITIDA(D. C. 1. c.) branchlets rather angular, furnished
with 2 spines at the apex ; leaves ovate-elliptic, acute, gla-
brous, shining ; flowers terminal, twin, or by threes or fours,
sessile ; corollas glabrous. Jj . S. Native of New Granada,
near Turbaco. Mussae'nda nitida, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 410. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Fruit unknown.
Shining-]eaved Randia. Shrub 5 to 8 feet.
25 R. TRIFLO'RA (Hamilt. in D. Don, fl. nep. p. 138.) thorns
opposite, subulate, adnate to the branches above the petioles ;
petioles and branchlets hairy ; stipulas ovate, cuspidate ; leaves
ovate ; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered ; calyx campanulate :
having the lobes ovate at the base, and linear-subulate at the
apex, fj . G. Native of Nipaul, at Hethaura. Peduncles
solitary, very short, usually 3, sometimes 4-flowered. Flowers
usually 6-cleft and hexandrous. Anthers semi-exserted.
Three-flowered Randia. Shrub.
26 R. HORRIDA (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 248.) branches
reclinate ; branchlets decussate ; thorns opposite, horn-formed ;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; racemes trichotomous, almost
terminal. Jj . G. Native of Cochin-china, in woods. Oxy-
ceros horrida, Lour. coch. p. 151. Spines large, acute. Flowers
white. Berry black.
Horrid Randia. Shrub 8 feet.
27 R. SINE'NSIS (Rcem. et Schultes, 1. c.) thorns short, oppo-
site, rather recurved ; leaves lanceolate (Lour.) : superior ones
ovate, nerved, glabrous ; corymbs small, terminal, few-flowered ;
limb of calyx tubular, 5-lobed ; tube of corolla long, glabrous :
having the throat hardly inflated; anthers linear, exserted,
about equal in length to the lobes, which are spreading. Jj . G.
Native of China, about Canton. Oxy'ceros Sinensis, Lour,
coch. p. 151. Randia Chinensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 768. R.
longiflora, Lam. ill. 156. f. 3.? Flowers white, salver-shaped,
with a very long tube. Berry small, roundish, 2-celled, many-
seeded.
China Randia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub 5 feet.
28 R. AFRICA'NA ; shrub spinose ; fruit woody, oblong, or
roundish. 17 . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Flowers small,
greenish yellow.
African Randia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
SECT. II. EUCLINIA (from tv, eu, well, and K\ivia, klino, to
bend ; the segments of the corolla are well bent over each other
before expansion). D. C. prod. 4. p. 388. Unarmed shrubs.
Tube of corolla usually dilated and obconical at the throat.
Perhaps a proper genus.
29 R. MACULA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 388.) shrubby, unarmed ;
branchlets rather downy ; leaves oval, smooth, glandular in the
axils of the nerves beneath, not pilose ; flowers terminal, soli-
tary from the axils on the ultimate leaves ; tube of corolla
very long, dilated at the apex, fy . S. Native of Guinea.
Rothmannia longiflora, Salisb par. t. 65. Limb of calyx rather
villous, 5-toothed. Corolla 5 inches long, white, spotted with
purple at the throat ; segments ovate, spreading. Ovarium 2-
celled.
Spotted- flowered Randia. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1696. Shrub
5 to 6 feet.
30 R. SPECIO'SA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 388.) shrubby, unarmed,
glabrous ; leaves elliptic-oblong, shining above ; flowers from
the tops of the branchlets, solitary in the axils of the ultimate
leaves ; tube of corolla very long, clothed with adpressed down
on the outside : the segments acuminated. fj . S. Native of
Cayenne, where it was collected by Patris. Tube of corolla
9 inches long, hardly dilated at the apex. Genitals inclosed.
Berry ovate. Tube of calyx cylindrical, semi-quinquefid ; lobes
subulate, erect.
Elegant Randia. Shrub.
31 R. MUSS^E'NDA (D. C. 1. c.) shrubby, unarmed ; leaves
ovate or lanceolate, acute, downy on the veins underneath ;
flowers solitary, sessile, terminating the branchlets ; tube of calyx
semi-quinquefid : the lobes subulate ; corolla villous on the out*
side, with a long tube, and acuminated segments, fj . S. Native
of Carthagena in woods (Jacquin.); on the banks of the river Mag-
dalena, near Honda (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 408.) ;
Dutch Guiana (Meyer, esseq. p. 128.) ; Mexico, Demerara,
French Guiana, and probably of Tobago. Mussae'nda formosa,
RUBIACEjE. XXXVII. RANDIA. XXXVIII. CHAPELIERIA. XXXIX. HEINSIA.
503
Jacq. amer. p. 70. t. 48. Gardenia maritima, Vahl, herb.
Gardenia Mussse'nda, Thunb. diss. no. 5. Perhaps 2 or 3
allied species are here confused. The branches are glabrous in
Jacquin's and De Candolle's specimens, but hairy in those of
Kunth and Thunberg. Corolla with an incurved or straight
tube, villous and green on the outside (ex Jacq.), but the seg-
ments are white within. Berry corticate, ovate, crowned by the
calyx, 2-celled. Stigmas 2, acute, revolute.
Mussarnda-like Randia. Clt. 1820. Shrub 5 to 6 feet?
32 R. RUIZIA^NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 388.) shrubby, unarmed ;
leaves lanceolate, acute, on short petioles, glabrous above, rather
hairy on the veins underneath ; flowers terminal, solitary, sessile ;
calyx hairy, with subulate, erect segments ; corolla hairy on the
outside, with a very long tube, an obconical villous throat, and
spreading acute segments. ^ . S. Native of Peru, on the
Andes, in groves at Pozuzo. Gardenia longiflbra, Ruiz et Pav.
fl. per. 2. t. 219. but not of Ait. Branches very long, when
young rather tetragonal. Berry cylindrical, large, yellowish,
striated longitudinally by 10 brown nerves, 2-celled, containing
a sweet edible pulp. Flowers white. Stigmas 2, thick, re-
flexed.
Ruiz's Randia. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
33 R. MACRA'NTHA (D. C. 1. c.) shrubby, unarmed ; leaves
oval-oblong, acuminated, rather ciliated ; flowers sessile, almost
terminal, 5-parted ; lobes of calyx subulate, spreading ; corolla
with a long tube, which is dilated at the apex, and revolute
segments, fj . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Randia longiflora,
Salisb. par. t. 93. but not of Lam. Gardenia longiflbra, Ait.
hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 368. but not. fl. per. Gardenia
macrantha, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 235. Flowers 6-7
inches long, cream-coloured, fragrant. Stigmas 2, thick, obtuse,
flat inside and convex outside. Ovarium 2-celled. According
to Salisbury, this with others he proposes to separate into a
distinct genus to be called Euclinia.
Long-flowered Randia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1696. Shrub
5 to 6 feet.
34 R. LONoisiYLA (D. C. I. c.) shrubby, unarmed ; leaves
oval, villous above, but villously tomentose beneath, as well as
the petioles ; stipulas ovate, glabrous, scarious, deciduous ;
flowers almost terminal, disposed in corymbose fascicles ; lobes
of calyx parted to the base of the limb, erect, lanceolate, cili-
ated. J? • S. Native of Guinea, on the Gambia at Albreda,
where it was collected by Leprieur and Perrottet. Flowers black,
in the dried state, but probably white when recent, 1^ inch
long. Style much exserted ; stigma thick, bipartite. Fruit
nearly globose, about an inch in diameter. Seeds compressed,
separated by gluten and partitions.
Long-styled Randia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
35 R. MADAOASCARIE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 389.) shrubky,
unarmed ; leaves ovate, acute, on short petioles, glabrous, cori-
aceous ; flowers axillary, sessile, bibracteate at the base ; limb
of calyx 5-lobed, obtuse ; corolla velvety outside from tomen-
tum, with a terete tube, and 5 oblong obtuse lobes ; genitals
inclosed. ^ . S. Native of Madagascar. Gardenia Mada-
gascariensis. Lam. diet. 2. p. 608. Flowers about 3 inches
long, (ex Lam.) Tube of corolla 15 lines long, (ex D. C.)
Madagascar Randia. Shrub 5 to 18 feet.
36 R. GENIPJEFLO'RA (D. C. 1. c.) shrubby, unarmed; leaves
oval-oblong, acuminated at both ends, coriaceous, glabrous, on
short petioles ; stipulas lanceolate ; peduncles axillary, very
short, divided at top into many 1-flowered pedicels, which are
disposed in a corymb ; limb of calyx tubular, permanent, 5-
toothed, a little shorter than the corolla, tj . S. Native of
Sierra Leone, where it was collected by Smeathmann. Tube of
corolla cylindrical, hardly longer than its lobes. Anthers long,
linear. Stigmas 2, slender, acute. Berry dry, 2-celled, crowned
by the tubular limb of the calyx ; placentas scarcely exserted.
Seeds horizontal.
Genipa-florvered Randia. Shrub 5 to 8 feet.
37 R. TALANGNINIA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oval-oblong, acute
at the base, obtuse at the apex, coriaceous, glabrous ; stipulas
short, undivided ; flowers axillary, solitary, a little shorter than
the leaves ; calyx long and tubular beyond the ovarium, with
5 short, acute teeth at the apex ; corolla with a long terete
tube, and is as well as the segments clothed with velvety hairs
on the outside. Jj . S. Native of Madagascar, on the east
coast, where it was collected by Chapelier, and called by him
Talangninia. Berry dry, ovate, rather acuminated.
Talangnin's Randia. Shrub.
f Doubtful species.
38 R. ? DRUPA'CEA (D. C. 1. c.) berry ovate, drupaceous, con-
taining a bony putamen. ^ • S. Native of Java. Posoqueria
drupacea, Gsertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 77. t. 195. f. 1. The rest
unknown.
Z)ru/>aceo«s-fruited Randia. Tree or shrub.
39 R. ? POLYSPE'RMA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 146.) shrub bushy
and much branched ; leaves _oblong, acuminated, smooth ; sti-
pulas subulate ; spikes panicled, axillary. Tj • S. Native of
the East Indies, about Chittagong.
Many-seeded Randia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Gardenia, p. 499.
All the species being very showy, usually bearing large, white,
fragrant flowers, are therefore worth cultivating in every collec-
tion of stove plants.
XXXVIII. CHAPELIE'RIA (named after M. Chapelier,
who collected many plants in Madagascar, during his travels in
that island). A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. vol. 5. p. 252.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 389.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a 5-parted
limb, and erect, acute, permanent lobes. Corolla with a slender
tube and a 5-parted limb : rather oblique, spreading, lanceolate,
acute segments, and a villous throat. Stamens 5, almost sessile,
inclosed, inserted in the middle of the tube. Style short, in-
closed ; stigma oblong, bipartite, with the lobes approximate.
Fruit egg-shaped, fleshy, coriaceous, 2-celled, crowned by the
large erect limb of the calyx ; cells many-seeded. Seeds dis-
tinct, many-sided, of a golden yellow colour, and clothed with
adpressed, silky down. Embryo linear, terete, in the center
of a horny albumen. — A shrub. Leaves opposite, coriaceous,
elliptic, acute, quite glabrous. Stipulas entire, caducous, inter-
petiolar. Flowers on short pedicels, crowded in the axils of the
leaves. Habit almost of an apocyneous plant.
1 C. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (A. Rich. 1. c.). J? . S. Native of
Madagascar.
Madagascar Chapelieria. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Gardenia, p. 499.
XXXIX. HEI'NSIA (named in memory of the famous phi-
lologist Heinsius, the translator of Theophrastus's works). D.
C. prod. 4. p. 390.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obovate
tube and a 5-parted limb ; and oblong, foliaceous, permanent
lobes. Corolla salver-shaped, with a terete tube, which is longer
than the calycine lobes, very hairy inside in the upper part, and
5, oval, acute undulated lobes. Anthers 5, linear, acute, sessile
towards the top of the tube, inclosed and hidden among the
hairs. Style filiform, shorter than the tube of the corolla ;
stigmas 2, linear. Fruit globose, crowned by the calyx, dry,
hard, indehiscent, 2-celled; placentas 2, thick, adnate to the
504
RUBIACE^E. XL. MENESTORIA. XLI. HELOSPORA. XLII. HIPPOTIS. XLIII. POMATIUM.
dissepiment. Seeds numerous, wingless, nestling on the super-
ficies of the placentas. — A much-branched, unarmed, glabrous
shrub or small tree, but there are small permanent spurs,
which look like spines. Leaves opposite, oval-oblong or ovate,
acuminated, on short petioles. Stipulas twin on each side, small,
acute. Flowers 3-4 together at the tops of the branchlets, pe-
dicellate, and disposed in something like racemes, white, about
the size of those of Vinca rbsea, and very similar to those of
Gardenia and Randia.
1 H. JASMINIFL6RA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 390.). Tj . S. Native
of Sierra Leone, where it was collected by Smeathmann, Afze-
lius, and G. Don. The plant we have seen at Sierra Leone has
numerous 1-flowered, terminal, and axillary pedicels ; the tube
of the corolla clothed with yellow hairs ; and the segments of
the corolla hispid. The shrub bears nothing like spurs or spines
that we recollect.
Jasmine-flowered He'msia. Fl. Feb. Clt. 1824. Sh. 5 to 8 ft.
Cult. See Gardenia, p. 499. for culture and propagation. A
beautiful shrub, clothed with numerous white flowers.
XL. MENESTORIA (Menestor was a physiologist cited
by Theophrastus). D. C. prod. 4. p. 390.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx wilh a globose
tube, a 5-parted limb : and linear, almost subulate, acute, distant
segments. Corolla with a long terete tube, 5 oval acute short
lobes, and an almost naked throat. Anthers 5, oblong, sessile
within the tube of the corolla. Style filiform; stigma bifid,
inclosed : lobes linear. Ovarium 2-celled ; placentas many-
seeded, adnate to the dissepiment. Fruit baccate, almost dry,
areolate at the apex, never crowned, from the lobes of the calyx
being deciduous. Seeds very small, wingless. — Unarmed shrubs,
natives of Nipaul. Leaves opposite. Stipulas solitary on each
side, at length deciduous. Corymbs of flowers terminal. This
is rather a doubtful genus, differing from Mussce'nda in the tube
of the calyx or ovarium being globose, not turbinate, and in the
Stipulas being solitary on each side, not twin ; and from Tocoyena
in the limb of the calyx being parted to the base.
1 M. TOCOYE'N* (D. C. prod. 4. p. 390.) leaves obovate,
obtuse, cuneated at the base, almost sessile, glabrous above, pale
beneath, and beset with adpressed villi along the nerves. Ij .
G. Native of Nipaul. Branches terete. Stipulas broad, short,
very blunt, membranous. Corymbs terminal, trichotomous, on
short peduncles ; pedicels puberulous. Corolla 15 lines long,
puberulous on the outside ; segments ciliated, apiculated, clothed
with adpressed down on the outside, as well as the tube. Style
about equal in length to the tube of the corolla ; stigmas 2,
linear, applied to each other in the dried state.
Tocoyena-like Menestoria. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
2 M. HAME'LLI* (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oval, acuminated at
both ends, on long petioles, rather scabrous from scattered hairs
above, and along the nerves underneath. Tj . G. Native of
Nipaul. Branchlets compressed. Leaves along with the pe-
tioles an inch and more in length. Stipulas ovate, broad, short,
acutish. Peduncles numerous, spreading, disposed in loose
cymes, rising from the top of the stem and forks of the branches.
Corolla 6 lines long, scarcely puberulous. Style very short, in-
closed, hardly attaining the height of the anthers.
Hamellia-like Menestoria. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
3 M. MUSSJE'ND^E (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acute, on short
petioles, pale beneath, and downy on both surfaces ; petioles,
Stipulas and middle nerve of the leaves clothed with rufous
hairs. T? . G. Native of Nipaul. Branches rather hispid and
rufous. Stipulas ovate. Corymbs dichotomous, with some of
the flowers sessile and solitary in the forks, and others terminal.
Calyx hispid ; lobes deciduous. Berry ovate-globose, smoothish.
Mussanda-like Menestoria. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
4 M. ? R!GIDA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves cuneated, retuse, and mu-
cronulate, glabrous ; Stipulas ovate, acute. J? . G. Native of
Nipaul, at Suembu. Gardenia rigida, Hamilt. ex D. Don, prod,
fl. nep. p. 138. A much-branched depressed rigid shrub. Seg-
ments of the calyx subulate. Limb of corolla 5-lobed; lobes
attenuated at the apex.
Stiff Menestoria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Gardenia, p. 499.
XLI. HELO'SPORA (from »;\l°e> helios, the sun, and avopa,
rra, a seed ; in reference to the disposition of the seeds),
k, in Lin. trans. 14. p. 127. t. 4. f. 3. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 391.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a globose
tetragonal tube, and a somewhat campanulate 4-toothed, erect,
permanent limb. Corolla tubular, much longer than the calycine
limb, with a naked throat, and 4 oblong spreading lobes, which
are valvate in aestivation. Anthers 4, linear, inclosed. Style
4-furrowed, and 4-cleft at the apex ; stigmas short, spreading.
Berry crowned by the calyx, tetragonal, not divided into cells
inside, but bearing the seeds disposed crosswise, in 4 double
series, immersed in pulp. Seeds linear, curved a little. — A
smoothish shrub. Leaves opposite, on short petioles, ovate-
lanceolate. Stipulas deciduous, bearing a row of ciliae inside.
Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Brac-
teoles 2, .under each ovarium. — This genus is perhaps allied to
Gttettdrda or Gardenia.
1 H. FLAVE'SCENS (Jack, 1. c.). Tj . S. Native of Sumatra.
Leaves 3-5 inches long. Corolla yellowish, 3-4 lines long.
Yellowish- flowered Helospora. Tree small.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Gardenia, p. 499.
XLII. HIPPO'TIS (from l-mroe hippos, a horse, and ovcoiroe,
ous oios, an ear ; the form of the calyx has been compared to
the ear of a horse). Ruiz et Pav. prod. p. S3. fl. per. 2. p.
55. t. 201. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 396. A. Rich, mem. soc.
hist. nat. par. 5. p. 255.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obovate tube
and a spath-formed limb, which is cleft on one side, and drawn
out into a mucronate auricle on the other. Corolla a little longer
than the calyx, funnel-shaped, with a somewhat incurved tube,
and a bluntly 5-lobed limb. Stamens 5, inserted in the middle of
the tube ; anthers ovate, inclosed. Urceolus 5-crenate, seated
on the ovarium. Stigma of 2 adpressed lobes. Berry ovate,
crowned by the calyx, 2-celled. Seeds numerous, minute. —
An unarmed villous shrub. Leaves obovate-oblong, acuminated,
petiolate. Stipulas ovate, acute, caducous, villous on the out-
side and solitary on each side. Peduncles axillary, hardly one
half shorter than the leaves, 3-flowered at the apex. Corolla
and berries villous, purplish red.
1 H.TRIFLORA (Ruiz et Pav. I.e.). Fj . S. Native of Peru,
in forests about Cuchero, Macora, and Marimarchahua. Pe-
duncles furnished with small, subulate, deciduous bracteas.
Calyx reddish purple. Corolla crimson, greenish at the base :
having the tube yellowish inside.
Three-flowered Hippotis. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Gardenia, p. 499.
XLIII. POMA'TIUM (from fomum, an apple ; shape of
fruit). Gsertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 252. t. 225. f. 10. D. C. prod.
4. p. 391.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a sub-
globose tube, and a 5 -toothed limb ; teeth short, obtuse, deci-
duous, leaving only a membranous circle behind. Corolla small,
with a terete tube and a 5-parted limb. Anthers ovate, sessile
in the throat of the corolla, inclosed. Stigma bifid, with oblong
RUBIACE^E. XLIII. POMATIUM. XLIV. BERTIERA.
505
lobes. Berry almost dry, globose, somewhat didymous, crowned
by an areola formed by the falling of the calyx, 2-celled, many-
seeded. Placentas rather tumid. Seeds angular. Embryo
straight, in fleshy albumen, with a centripetal radicle, and flat
ovate-roundish cotyledons. — African shrub. Branches terete,
hispid in the young state, and glabrous in the adult state.
Leaves opposite, almost sessile, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated.
Stipulas foliaceous, solitary on each side, oblong, acuminated,
almost an inch long. Thyrse spike-formed, terminal. — Habit
of Bertiera.
1 P. SPJCA'TUM (Gaertn. 1. c. D. C. diss. ined. with a figure).
J; . S. Native of Sierra Leone, where it was collected by
Smeathmann and G. Don ; and in the woods of Casamancia at
Itou by Perrottet and Leprieur. Genipa labiata, Smeathm. in
herb. Lher. Flowers small, white.
Spicate-fiowered Pomatium. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
2 P. DU'BIUM ; leaves broad-lanceolate, long-acuminated,
rather cordate at the base, sessile ; flowers panicled, axillary,
and terminal. J? . S. Native of Sierra Leone, on the moun-
tains, in woods. Flowers small, white.
Doubtful Pomatium. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
Cult. See Gardenia, p. 499. for culture and propagation.
XLIV. BERTIFRA (named by Aublet after a Madam
Berthier, who was of great assistance to him while he was col-
lecting plants in Guiana). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 180. t. 69. Lam.
ill. t. 165. D. C. diss. ined. 1806. with a figure, prod. 4. p.
391. Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. t. 192. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 390.
Rich. mem. soc. hist. par. 5. p. 253.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a sub-
globose tube, and a very short permanent 5-toothed limb.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a terete tube, andaS-parted spread-
ing limb ; segments oval, very acute. Anthers 5, sessile within
the throat of the corolla. Stigma bifid ; the lobes acute. Berry
almost dry, crowned by the calyx, umbilicate, roundish, 2-
celled, many-seeded. Seeds fixed to the central placentas, an-
gular, murieated. — Shrubs. Leaves oval-oblong, acuminated,
petiolate, villous. Stipulas solitary on both sides, combined at
the base, acuminated. Thyrse terminal, racemosely panicled,
bracteolate. Flowers small, white, and sometimes red. — Habit
of Lygislum, but differs in the flowers being 5-parted. — This
genus is probably divisible into several.
SECT. I. BERTIE'RA (see genus for derivation). D. C. prod.
4. p. 392.— Bertiera, Aubl. Fruit usually striated, crowned
by the calycine teeth, which are erectly connivent and subulate.
Inflorescence terminal.
1 B. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 180. t. 69.) leaves
ovate-oblong or elliptic, acute, with distant villous nerves ; stipulas
undivided on both sides, acuminated ; flowers disposed in a
racemose thyrse ; fruit sessile, striated, hairy, disposed along
the branches of the panicle, crowned by the erect subulate
calycine teeth. ^ . S. Native of French Guiana, in woods ;
and of Cayenne. Vahl, symb. 3. p. 35. Lam. ill. t. 165.
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 708. exclusive of some synonymes. Branches
villous. Stipulas broad at the base, and rather connate. Leaves
3-4 inches long. Flowers small, white.
Guiana Bertiera. Shrub 6 to 7 feet-
2 B. MUCRONA'TA (Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 74. t. 192. f. 7.)
leaves and flowers unknown ; fruit striated, crowned by the
erectly connivent calycine teeth, pedicellate, disposed along the
branches of the panicle. Jj . S. Native country unknown.
Perhaps the same as B, Guianensis.
Mucronate Bertiera. Shrub.
3 B. PALU'STRIS (A. Rich, in mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p.
245.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, hairy, with approximate
VOL. III.
nerves ; stipulas bifid on both sides ; flowers almost cymose ;
fruit not striated, hairy, crowned by the subulate teeth of the
calyx. Pj . S. Native of Guiana, in marshy parts of woods.
A small sub-herbaceous erect shrub, clothed with rusty down.
Leaves soft, usually tapering gradually to the base.
Marsh Bertiera. Shrub 1 to 2 feet ?
SECT. II. ZALUZA'NIA (altered from Zaluzianski, an obscuve
Polish botanist). D. C. prod. 4. p. 392. — Zaluzania, Comm.
mss. Fruit smooth, crowned by the calycine teeth, which are
spreading or erect, but not connivenl. Embryo transverse, ovate-
cylindrical, in the albumen. — Inflorescence terminal, racemosely
thyrsoid.
4 B. BORBONICA (A. Rich, 1. c.) smoothish ; leaves elliptic-
lanceolate, acuminated, petiolate ; stipulas undivided, drawn out
into a setaceous point each, length of petioles ; racemes thyrsoid,
terminal ; fruit glabrous, not striated, crowned by the teeth of
the calyx, which are permanent, acute, and straight, but not
connivent. Ij . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon. Pe-
duncles angular. Bracteas subulate.
Bourbon Bertiera. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
5 B. Ri/FA(A. Rich, 1. c.) leaves elliptic, acute, on very short
petioles, clothed with rufous silky down ; stipulas broad, con-
nate, acute, silky inside, and smoothish on the outside; racemes
elongated ; pedicels silky ; fruit globose and villous, crowned
by the erect calycine teeth. Tj . S. Native of the Island of
Bourbon.
Rnfous Bertiera. Shrub.
6 B. ZALUZA'NIA (Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 74. t. 192.) smooth-
ish ; leaves rather coriaceous, lanceolate-elliptic, acuminated, on
short petioles, ciliated on the edges ; stipulas undivided, drawn
out into an acumen, length of petioles ; racemes thyrsoid, ter-
minal, and are as well as the flowers downy ; branches of ra-
cemes dichotomous, with a sessile flower in each fork ; fruit
crowned by the limb of the calyx, which is hardly toothed ;
teeth spreading. Tj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Mus-
sae'nda racemosa, Sieb. fl. maur. 3. no. 362. Stipulas short,
broad, concrete. Racemes apparently drooping. Bracteas
small, acute. Flowers sessile. Anthers mucronate. Calyx
truncate. Corolla widening from the base, with acute segments.
Zaluzianski' s Bertiera. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
SECT. III. MYCE'TIA (apparently after some botanist of the
name of Mycet). Reinwardt. mss. D. C. prod. 4. p. 392.
— Bertiera, Blum, bijdr. p. 987. Tube of calyx obovate or
turbinate. Berry crustaceous inside, crowned by the calycine
teeth, which are spreading. Racemules axillary, somewhat
corymbose.
7 B. JAVA'NICA (Blum, bijdr. p. 987.) stem simple ; leaves
petiolate, cuneate-oblong, acuminated, with a few scattered
hairs above, and more so on the nerves beneath ; corymbs diva-
ricate, axillary, and terminal, trichotomous, solitary, drooping ;
tube of corolla short. Jj . S. Native of Java, in shady parts
of woods.
Java Bertiera. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
8 B. FASCICULA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 987.) stem alittle branched ;
leaves cuneate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous above, but some-
what strigose on the veins beneath ; corymbs short, axillary,
trichotomous, erect ; pedicels in fascicles ; tube of corolla elon-
gated, fy . S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak, in humid
places. Corymbs often lateral, hardly longer than die petioles.
Throat of corolla velvety.
Far. /3, macrophylla (Blum. 1. c.) leaves obovate, acute. I; .
S. Native of Java, on Mount Bonkok, in the province of
Bantam.
Fascicled-peAicetted Bertiera. Shrub.
3T
506
RUBIACE^E. XLIV. BERTIERA. XLV. POUCHETIA. XLVI. CUPIA.
9 B. LATERIFLORA (Blum, bijdr. p. 987.) stem branched ;
leaves almost sessile, cuneate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous above
and puberulous beneath on the veins ; corymbs terminal and
axillary, solitary or crowded, trichotomous, at length pendulous ;
tube of corolla elongated. Tj . S. Native of Java, on the
mountains. Mycetia, Reinwardt. ex Blum. Corymbs often
lateral. Corolla reddish, tubular, with a velvety throat. Berry
globose. Teeth of calyx acuminated, separated to the base of
the limb. Stipulas triangular, acuminated.
Lateral-flowered Bertiera. Shrub 4 to 5 feet ?
f A species not sufficiently known.
10 B. COCCINEA ; shrub rambling, villous ; leaves opposite,
ovate, acuminated, quite entire, petiolate ; corymbs panicled,
terminal ; calyx 5-cleft, hairy, with linear segments ; corolla
tubular, salver-shaped, with a spreading 5-cleft border, and
a villous throat ; stamens 5, inclosed. Tj • S. Native of Sierra
Leone, among bushes, in the lowlands about Freetown. Flowers
about the size and form of those of V'mca rbsea, of a deep
scarlet colour, and very showy.
Scarlet Bertiera. Shrub rambling.
Cult. See Mussce'nda, p. 492. for culture and propagation.
XLV. POUCHETIA (named after M. F. Pouchet, pro-
fessor of botany in the Jardin des Plantes at Rouen ; author of
Histoire Naturelle et Medicale de la Famille des Solanees).
A. Rich, soc. hist. nat. par. vol. 5. p. 251. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 393.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a small 5-toothed limb. Corolla with a short obco-
nical tube, a glabrous throat, and a 5-lobed limb ; lobes oval-
oblong, twisted in aestivation. Anthers 5, linear, sessile in the
throat of the corolla. Style filiform. Stigmas 2, linear, acute,
diverging a little at the apex, hardly exserted. Berry dry,
closely crowned by the connivent teeth of the calyx, obo-
vate, 2-celled. Seeds 4-6 in each cell, oblong, deformed from
being pressed against each other, and clothed with adpressed
silky villi. Albumen fleshy. Embryo unknown. — A glabrous
African shrub, with roundish branches. Leaves ovate, acumin-
ated, on short petioles. Stipulas solitary on both sides, ovate,
ending each in a short cuspidate point. Peduncles opposite,
panicled, few-flowered, axillary : but the upper ones are dis-
posed in a terminal panicle from the leaves being gradually
diminished and changed into bracteas. Flowers small, glabrous,
white ? — This genus differs from Gardenia in habit, in the 5-
toothed calyx, in the dry 2-celled fruit, and in the cells being
few-seeded ; in these last characters it agrees with Cupia, but
differs from it in the connivent calyx, and in the velvety seeds,
and in habit.
_ 1 P. AFRICA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 393.). Tj . S. Native of
Sierra Leone, where it was collected by Smeathmann ; and in
the woods of the Gambia, Casamancia, and Cayor, where it was
collected by Leprieur and Perrottet. Gardenia parviflora,
Smeathmann, but not of Poir. diet, suppl. 2. p. 708. which is
according to A. Rich. Psydrax dicoccos.
African Pouchetia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Mussce'nda, p. 492.
XLVI. CtTPIA (Cupi is the Malabar name of one of the
species). D. C. prod. 4. p. 393.— Cupi, Rheed. mal. 2. p. 37.
Adans, fam. 2. p. 158.— Chomelia, Lin. gen. ed. 1737. no. 167.
but not of Jacq — Rondeletia species, Lin. spec.— Webera,
Schreb. gen. 1791. no. 1733. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1224. ex-
clusive of the characters and species no. 3. Gsertn. fil. carp.
3. p. 7J. t. 102. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 533. but not of Hedw.
(1< 82.)— Canthium species, Pers.— Sty locoryna species, Rich.
Canthium, sect. Cupia, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 306. —
Zamaria, Rafin. ann. gen. sc. phys. 6. p. 85.?
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a turbinate
tube, and a 5-parted limb ; lobes erect, acute, permanent. Co-
rolla funnel shaped, with a terete tube, which is longer than
the calyx, a gradually widened throat, and a 5-parted limb ;
segments ovate-oblong, recurved. Filaments very short. An-
thers oblong, dehiscing at the side in the upper part of the cells.
Style clavate, 10-angled or 2-lobed. Berry globose, crowned
by the calyx, 2-celled. Placentas spongy, central. Seeds
wrinkled at the hylum. Albumen cheesy. Embryo centri-
petal.— Asiatic glabrous shrubs. Leaves oblong-lanceolate.
Stipulas intrafoliaceous, broad, ending each in a short acumen.
Corymbs or panicles trichotomous, terminal, axillary, or oppo-
site the leaves. Flowers white, fragrant.
§ 1. Stigma undivided.
1 C. CORYMBOSA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 394.) shrubby ; leaves
lanceolate-oblong, with revolute margins, shining ; corymbs
terminal ; lobes of calyx 5, about equal in length to the tube
of the corolla ; mature capsule 4-seeded. fj . S. Native of
the coast of Coromandel, frequent ; Malabar ; Pulo Penang, on
hills ; Ceylon, China, &c. Cupi, Rheed. mal. 2. p. 37. t. 23.
Rondeletia Asiatica, Lin. spec. 244. Webera corymbosa, Willd.
spec. 1. p. 1224. Ker. bot. reg. t. 126. Canthium corym-
bosum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 200. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 533. Sty-
locoryna Webera, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 248.
Leaves 6-7 inches long and 2^ broad : having hairy glands in the
axils of the large veins. Corymbs terminal. Flowers small,
very numerous, at first white, but finally yellowish, faintly fra-
grant. Berry size of a large pea, black when ripe. Seeds 4-8
in each cell. The extremities of the young shoots are often
found covered with a white resinous matter, like that on the
germs of most species of Gardenia.
Corymbose-fiovtered Cupia. Clt. 1759. Slir. 5 to 6 ft.
2 C. MACROPHY'LLA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 394.) leaves broad-
lanceolate, acuminated : panicle terminal, villous ; tube of corolla
long, slender, villous ; berries 5-12-seeded. fj . S. Native of
the Prince of Wales Island. Webera macrophylla, Wall, in
Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p, 534. Young shoots villous. Leaves 6-8
inches long, and from 4-5 broad. Panicle large. Flowers large,
white. Anthers as long as the segments of the corolla.
Long-leaved Cupia. Shrub.
3 C. DENSIFU/RA (D. C. prod. 1. c.) sub-arborescent ; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, acute at the base ; panicle rounded, lateral,
almost sessile, occupying the place of a leaf or branch, tricho-
tomous, dense-flowered ; throat of corolla bearded ; ovarium
many-seeded. Fj . S. Native of Pulo- Penang, on hills. We-
bera densiflora, Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 636. Leaves co-
riaceous, acuminated, shining above, 5-6 inches long. Flowers
numerous, by threes, white. Bracteas lanceolate, ciliated.
Anthers very long.
Dense-lowered Cupia. Shrub large.
4 C. MOLi.issiMA (Hook, et Am. in Beech, bot. p. 192.) leaves
lanceolate, clothed with soft dense hairs on both surfaces ; lobes
of calyx short, very blunt ; fruit pubescent, many-seeded. 1? .
G. Native of China. The hairs, which clothe every part of
the plant are of a rusty colour. Stigma unknown.
Very-soft Cupia. Shrub.
5 C. OPPOSITIFO'LIA (D. C. 1. c.) shrubby ; leaves lanceolate-
oblong, firm, and glossy ; panicles opposite the leaves, com-
posed of a few stiff, jointed, sub-recurved spikes ; corolla with
a short tube and a woolly throat ; stigma clavate. J? . S. Na-
tive of Chittagong. Webera oppositifolia, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p.
535. Flowers white.
Opposite-leaved Cupia. Shrub.
RUBIACE.E. XLVI. CUPIA. XLVII. TARENNA. XLVIII. PETESIA.
507
6 C. ODORAVTA (D. C. 1. c.) shrubby ; leaves lanceolate, acu-
minated, polished ; corymbs terminal, and are as well as the
bracteas villous ; calyx 5-toothed : teeth one half shorter than
the tube of the corolla ; cells of berries 3-4-seeded. Tj . S.
Native of Silhet, where it is called Patugrooja. Webera odo-
rata, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 535. Leaves 4-6 inches long and 1-2
broad. Stipulas triangular. Flowers numerous, middle-sized,
white, very fragrant. Anthers about as long as the segments of
the corolla.
Srveet-scented-fioviered Cupia. Shrub large.
§ 2. Stigma 2-lobed.
7 C. AURICULA TA (D. C. 1. c.) arborescent, smooth; leaves
ovate-oblong, emarginate, and unequally 2-lobed at the base,
acuminated, almost sessile, the axils of the veins glandular
beneath ; panicles terminal and lateral, brachiate, on flattened
peduncles ; throat of corolla swelled, elevated, and bearded ;
ovarium many-seeded. (j . S. Native of Pulo-Penang. We-
bera auriculata, Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 537. Leaves con-
tracted towards the cordate base, 7 inches long. Flowers white,
fragrant.
Auricled-\va.\e.&. Cupia. Shrub large.
8 C. TRUNCA'TA (D. C. 1. c.) shrub twining ; leaves ovate,
acute ; panicles terminal, on flattened peduncles : corolla with
a naked throat ; ovarium 4-ovulate. Jj . '"'. S. Native of
Pulo-Penang, on hills. Webera truncata, Wall, in Roxb. fl.
ind. 2. p. 538. Leaves 3-4 inches long, acute at the base, dark
and shining above, coriaceous. Bracteas lanceolate, deciduous.
Flowers white, fragrant, on short pedicels by threes, or in fasci-
cles. Anthers very long.
Truncate Cupia. Shrub tw.
9 C. SCA'NDENS (D. C. 1. c.) shrubby, scandent, glossy ; leaves
oblong, acuminated ; cymes axillary ; stigma of 2 oval plates.
*l . ^j. S. Native of Silhet, where it is called Gujer-kota by the
natives. Webera scandens, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 534. Leaves
6 inches long and 2-3 inches broad. Divisions of cymes gener-
ally biternate. Flowers large, funnel-shaped, fragrant when
they first open, white, but like Gardenias become yellow by the
second day. Anthers linear, sessile.
Climbing Cupia. Shrub cl.
f Species not sufficiently known.
10 C. CYMO'SA (D. C. I.e.) arborescent; branches pubescent;
leaves ovate, acute, shining; cymes axillary, pedunculate, many-
flowered ; stigma capitate, 2-lobed. Jj . S. Native of the
East Indies. Webera cymosa, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1224. Ron-
deletia cym6sa, Poir. diet. 6. p. 256. Canthiurn cymosum,
Pers. ench. 1. p. 200. Flowers white, fragrant. Berries about
the size of juniper berries, but their internal structure has not
been noticed.
Cymose-Rowered Cupia. Clt. 1811. Tree.
11C. THYRSOIDEA (D. C. 1. c.) branches woody, clothed with
brown pubescence ; leaves oblong-ovate, acuminated at both
ends ; thyrse dense, terminal ; corolla glabrous outside and
pilose inside ; stigma bifid. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies.
Webera thyrsoidea, Roth. nov. spec. p. 149. Canthiurn thyr-
soideum, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 207. Flowers white.
Fruit unknown.
Thyrse-fiowered Cupia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Rondeletia, p. 517.
All the species are very elegant when in blossom, and the flowers
are very fragrant.
XLVII. TARE'NNA (Tarenna is the Ceylonese name of
the shrub). Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 139. t. 28. f. 3. B.C. prod.
4. p. 395.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a globose
tube, and a 5-parted limb ; lobes linear-oblong, reflexed, per-
manent. Corolla, stamens, and stigma unknown. Berry glo-
bose, with 8 stripes, crowned by the limb of the calyx, 2-celled ;
pulp thin. Placentas central, spongy. Seeds 4-6 in each cell,
horizontal, semi-lunate, cuneated, compressed, wrinkled. Albu-
men fleshy. Embryo dorsal, with the radicle directed to the
periphery, and foliaceous,. cotyledons. This genus appears to
be allied to Cupia, but the flowers and all other particulars
besides those mentioned are unknown.
1 T. ZEYLA'NICA (Ga>rtn. 1. c.). Tj . S. Native of Ceylon.
Ceylon Tarenna. Tree or shrub.
Cull. For culture and propagation, see Rondeletia, p. 517.
XLVIII. PETFSIA (the author does not give the derivation
of the name). P. Browne, jam. p. 144. Jacq, arner. p. 18. ?
Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 3. p. 1945.? Bartl. in herb. Haenke, mss.
but not of Gaertn. D. C. prod. 4. p. 395. — Petesia species,
Juss.
LIN. SYST. Tetra-Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a
roundish tube, and a short, 4-5-toothed limb. Corolla funnel-
shaped, with an equal 4-5-cleft limb. Stamens 4-5, within the
tube. Berry almost globose, naked at the apex, 2-celled,
many-seeded. Seeds numerous, rather angular, crustaceous. —
Trees and shrubs. Leaves opposite, or 3 in a whorl, on short
petioles, often coriaceous. Stipulas intrapetiolar, undivided,
solitary, on both sides. Peduncles axillary, shorter than the
leaves, bearing each a few-flowered corymb or cyme ; rarely
terminal, except in the more doubtful species. — Petesia of
Gsertn. is Eumachia, D. C. a genus among the tribe Cojfeacece.
The character given by P. Browne agrees with this genus, but
the species given are probably true species of Rondeletia. Pe-
tesia of Jacq. and Swartz is very doubtful, and will probably
constitute a new genus, according to Bartling.
* Flowers axillary.
1 P. GRA'NDIS (Bartl. in herb. Hacnke, ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
395.) leaves opposite, rhomboid-ovate, acuminated at both ends,
villous on both surfaces while young, but in the adult state they
are beset with a little scattered down above, and rather villous
on the nerve and veins beneath, reticulated and radiately striated
between the veins ; corymbs few- flowered. J? . S. Native of
Mexico. Limb of calyx 5-cleft, deciduous. Seeds scrobiculate.
Great Petesia. Tree.
2 P. NITIDA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. 1. c.) leaves
opposite, oblong, attenuated at both ends, glabrous, reticulately
veined beneath, and radiately striated between the veins ; pe-
duncles axillary, 3-5-flowered, but only bearing one fruit each.
J? . S. Native of the Philippine Islands and Mariane Island.
Calyx sinuately 4-toothed. Corolla tomentose, small. Berry
globose, hardly the size of a pea. Seed sub-cylindrical. The
leaves are striated, almost like those of the first species.
Shining-leaved Petesia. Tree.
3 P. TERNIFOLIA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. 1. c.)
leaves 3 in a whorl, obovate-oblong and oblong, acute at both
ends ; peduncles axillary, bifid, 5-7-flowered, but bearing only
1 fruit each. T? . S. Native of the Island of Luzon.
Three-leaved Petesia. Tree.
4 P. CARNO'SA (Hook et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 64.)
leaves opposite, oblong-obovate, obtuse, attenuated at the base,
glabrous, fleshy ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered. lj . S. Na-
tive of the Society Islands. Corolla funnel-shaped, 4-lobed :
having the anthers sessile in the throat. It differs from most
Rubiaceous plants in the fleshy leaves.
Fleshy-]eaved Petesia. Tree or shrub.
3i 2
508
XLVIII. PJETESIA. XLIX. COCCOCYPSELUM.
* * Flowers terminal.
FIG.
5 P. ? HI'SPIDA (Bartl. in herb. Hsenke. ex D. C. 1. c.) leaves
opposite, membranous, obovate-oblong, acuminated at both ends,
having the middle nerve on both surfaces, and the veins beneath
hispid from bristles ; corymbs terminal, short. Jj . S. Native
of the island of Luzon.
Hispid-leaved Petesia. Tree or shrub.
6 P.? TOMENTOSA (Jacq. amer. p. 18.) leaves oblong, attenu-
ated at both ends, very soft on both surfaces from hardly conspi-
cuous tomentum ; corymbs lateral and terminal, tj . S. Native
of New Spain, in woods about Carthagena. Flowers tetra-
rnerous. Fruit unknown. Perhaps a species of Rondeletia.
Tomenlose Petesia. Tree.
7 P.? SPICA'TA (Swartz. fi. ind. occ. 3. p. 1945.) leaves ellip-
tic, attenuated, glabrous, pubescent on the nerves beneath ; pe-
tioles hairy ; racemes terminal, spicate. Fj . S. Native of the
south of Jamaica, among bushes. Flowers small, white, 4-parted.
Berry crowned by the very minute calyx.
Sjncate-fiov/ered Petesia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
8 P. ? SIMPLICI'SSIMA (Lour. coch. p. 77.) stem herbaceous,
quite simple, tetragonal ; leaves lanceolate-linear, glabrous ;
racemes erect, almost terminal ; calyx 5-toothed. 3£. G. Native
of Cochinchina. The fruit is said to be baccate, 2-celled, and
many seeded. Flowers white.
Quite-simple-stemmed Petesia. PI. 1 foot.
9 P. ? TERMINA'LIS (Hook, et Am. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p.
85.) leaves oblong, obtuse at the base, acutish at the apex, mem-
branous, glabrous ; panicles terminal, racemose, one-half shorter
lhan the leaves ; corolla salver-shaped, having the lobes shorter
than the tube. Tj . S. Native of the Sandwich Islands. Stem
dichotomously branched. Leaves 4 inches long, and 1 and 1^
inch broad. Corolla funnel-shaped, 4-lobed, inclosing the an-
thers. Much the habit of Stylocoryna racemosa, Cav.
Terminal-fioviered Petesia. Tree or shrub.
10 P.? CORIA'CEA (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p.
85.) leaves oblong, acute at the base, and obtuse at the apex,
coriaceous, glabrous ; corymbs terminal, dense, few-flowered,
much shorter than the leaves. Tj . S. Native of the Sandwich
Islands.
Coriaceous-leaved Petesia. Tree or shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Rondeletia, p. 517.
XLIX. COCCOCY'PSELUM (from KOKKO£, kokkos, a berry,
and Kv^tXrj, kypsele, a vase ; in allusion to the form of the
fruit). Swartz, fl. ind. occid. 1. p. 245. H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 3. p. 403. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 138.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 390. — Coccocypsilum and Sicelium, P. Browne,
jam. 144. — Coccocypsilum and Tontanea, Juss. mem. mus. 6. p.
394. — Coccocypselum and Bellardia, Schreb. gen. no. 1721. and
1723. — Condalia, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. prod. p. 11. t. 2. but not
of Cav.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a 4-parted permanent limb (f. 94. a.); lobes narrow.
Corolla funnel-shaped (f. 94. b.), with a 4-parted limb (f. 94. 6.),
and a glabrous throat. Stamens 4, inserted in the tube of the
corolla, inclosed (f. 94. b.); anthers oblong-heart-shaped.
Stigma bifid. Berry ovate, crowned (f. 94. d. e.), 2-celled (f.
94. c.) ; cells many-seeded. Seeds lenticularly angular, wing-
less.— Creeping herbs. Leaves opposite, on short petioles. Sti-
pulas subulate, solitary on both sides. Peduncles axillary, soli-
tary, and in the alternate axils, bearing each a few-flowered
head, surrounded by a short involucrum. Corollas and berries
blue or purple.
May.
Clt. 1793. PI. cr.
p. 307.) leaves ovate,
1 C. RE'PEKS (Swartz, fl. ind.
occ. 1. p. 245.) plant prostrate,
creeping ; leaves ovate, pubescent
on both surfaces ; peduncles very
short while bearing the flowers,
but afterwards becoming more
elongated; heads few-flowered ;
bracteas subulate. (•)• S. Na-
tive of Jamaica and St. Do-
mingo, in temperate parts on the
mountains. Browne, jam. 144.
t. 6. f. 2. C. herbaceum, Lam.
diet. 2. p. 56. ill. t. 64. Flowers
almost sessile, collected in the
axils of the leaves, blue. Fruit
seated on peduncles, 4-5 lines
long, blue, inflated, (f. 94.)
Creeping Coccocypselum. Fl.
2 C. UMBELLA'TUM (Poir. suppl.
acute, shining, pubescent ; peduncles one-half shorter than the
leaves ; bracteas of the heads of flowers subulate. — Native of
Peru, at Pillao, Cuchero, and Chinchao, in woods. Condalia
repens, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 54. t. 84. f. a. C. Condalia,
Pers. ench. 1. p. 132. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. vol. 4.
p. 139. C. capitatum, Willd. herb. There are glabrous and
downy varieties of this plant. Corolla purplish. Berries blue.
Umbellate-fiowered Coccocypselum. PI. creeping.
3 C. OVA'TUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 141.)
plant ascending, rooting at the base ; leaves ovate, very blunt at
the base, and acute at the apex, beset with minute adpressed
down ; peduncles alternate, shorter than the leaves, clothed with
strigose hairs ; heads 8-1 0-flowered. If.. S. Native of Brazil.
Allied to C. umbellatum and C. lanceolatum.
Ovate-leaved Coccocypselum. PI. cr.
4 C. LANCEOLA'TUM (Pers. ench. 1. p. 132.) plant densely
clothed with down ; leaves lanceolate, acute ; heads many
flowered, pedunculate ; bracteas lanceolate ; berries ovate-ob-
long. I/ . S. Native of Peru, in shady groves at Cuchero and
Chinchao, ex Ruiz et Pav. ; and on the mountains about the
Orinoco, ex Haenke ; and at Caraccas, ex Vargas. Condalia
lanceolata, Ruiz et Pav. fi. per. 1. p. 54. Corolla of a pale vio-
laceous colour. Berries blue.
Z/anceo/fl<e-leaved Coccocypselum. PI. cr.
5 C. HIRSU'TUM (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
396.) plant ascending, very hairy in every part ; leaves broad-
ovate, acute ; heads axillary when in flower, almost sessile ;
peduncles a little elongated when in fruit, and recurved, y. . S.
Native country unknown.
Hairy Coccocypselum. PI. ascending.
6 C. CANE'SCENS (Willd. herb, ex Cham, et Schlecht. in
Linnaea. 4. p. 139.) plant prostrate, creeping; leaves ovate,
clothed with silky yellow down on both surfaces ; heads axillary,
and almost terminal, on long peduncles ; bracteas of heads 5-6,
oblong, acute. ^ . ? S. Native of South America, in temperate
shady places, near Buenavista, Caraccas, Popayan, and of tro-
pical and extratropical Brazil. C. repens, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 3. p. 405. exclusive of the synonymes. Schwen-
kfcldia aspera, Spreng. neu. entd. 1. p. 280. but not of Willd.
Bellardia mollis, Willd. herb, ex Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea.
vol. 4. Corolla bluish or red. Berries blue.
Canescent Coccocypselum. PI. cr.
7 C. AU'REUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 139.)
leaves oblong, acute, with parallel veins, clothed with golden
silky down ; heads axillary, sessile, few-flowered ; bracteas 4-5,
narrow, acute. I/ . S. Native of tropical Brazil. Schwenk-
feldia aurea, Spreng. neu. entd. 1. p. 280. syst. 1. p. 764.
RUBIACEjE. XLIX. COCCOCYPSELUM. L. FERNELIA. LI. PETUNGA.
509
Allied to C, canescens, but differs in the above characters, and in
the flo\vers being larger and slenderer, and less hairy ; and in
the lobes being more acute and longer.
Golden Coccocypselum. PL cr.
8 C. NUMMULARIFOLIUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnasa. 4. p.
397.) plant very hairy, prostrate, creeping; leaves ovate-round-
ish, very blunt at the base, obtuse at the apex, and somewhat
mucronulate ; heads on short peduncles ; bracteas linear. 2/. S.
Native of equinoxial Brazil. Corolla violaceous, beset with
spreading pili at the tops of the lobes. Allied to C. campanu-
liflorum and C. cordifblium.
Money-wort-leaved Coccocypselum. PI. cr.
9 C. CORDIFOLIUM (Nees et Mart, in nov. act. bonn. 12. p.
14.) plant creeping ; leaves cordate, obtuse, hairy ; peduncles at
length equal in length to the petioles ; heads of flowers almost
globose; calyxes and petioles very villous. %. S. Native of
Brazil, on the road to Felisbert and of St. Catharine. Corolla
white, pubescent. Berries globose, blue. Habit of Geoph'da,
Heart-leaved Coccocypselum. PI. cr.
10 C.? ERYTHROCE'PHALUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea.
4. p. 144.) branches or stems simple, hairy ; leaves ovate, acute,
obtuse at the base, hairy on both surfaces, often purplish beneath ;
heads on short peduncles, beset with purplish hairs. 1£. S.
Native of equinoxial Brazil. Flowers and fruit unknown.
Red-headed Coccocypselum. PI. cr. ?
1 1 C. PEDUNCULA'RE (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 4. p.
142.) plant ascending, clothed with adpressed strigose hairs ;
leaves lanceolate-oblong, with revolute edges ; peduncles alter-
nate, longer than the leaves, usually reflexed after flowering ;
heads 10-1 2-flowered. I/ . S. Native of equinoxial Brazil.
Peduncular Coccocypselum. PI. cr.
12 C. TONTA'NEA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. S. p.
406.) leaves ovate, acutish, clothed with hairy down on both
surfaces ; heads axillary, pedunculate, 3-5-flowered ; bracteas
subulate; anthers a little exserted. 1£. S. Native of Cayenne,
Guiana, Caraccas, Popayan, and of Jamaica, if C. Sicelium, P.
Browne, jam. 144. be the same. Tontanea Guianensis, Aubl.
guian. 1. p. 108. t. 408. Tontanea repens, Pers. Bellardia
repens. Willd. spec. 1. p. 626. Bellardia Tontanea, Rcem. et
Schultes, syst. 3. p. 205. Corolla either white or blue, ex
Aubl. Berries blue. Tontanee is the Guiana name of the
plant.
Tontanea Coccocypselum. PI. cr.
13 C. GLA'BKUM (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
397.) plant creeping, quite glabrous ; leaves ovate, subcordate,
acutish ; heads few-flowered, axillary, when bearing the fruit
on longer peduncles, which are deflexed. 1£ . S. Native of
Panama. Very nearly allied to C. Tontanea, and probably only
a glabrous variety of that species, but the flowers are unknown.
Glabrous Coccocypselum. PI. cr.
14 C. CILIA'TUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 6. p. 414.)
leaves roundish-ovate, ciliated, as well as the petioles, having the
nerves furnished with long hairs on the upper surface ; heads of
flowers equal to about half the length of the leaves. T? . S. Na-
tive of Mexico, between Huilamalco and Cuapa. Very like C.
wnbellala. Leaves an inch and a half long and 14 lines broad.
Ciliated Coccocypselum. PI. creeping.
t The generic character of the two following species is
doubtful, and according to Kunth, syn. should probably be ex-
cluded from the present genus, — Erect suffruticose glabrous plants.
15 C. OBOVA'TUM (Pers. ench. 1. p. 132.) stem erect, suffru-
ticose ; leaves obovate, acuminated ; peduncles axillary, aggre-
gate, unequal, racemose. ^ . S. Native of Peru, at Chinchao,
on mountains. Condalia obovata, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 54.
Corolla greenish white. Berries purple.
Obovate-leaved Coccocypselum. Shrub 3 feet.
16 C. SE'SSILE (Pers. 1. c.) stem erect, suffruticose; leaves
oblong, acute ; flowers sessile, crowded, axillary. T? . S. Native
of Peru, on the mountains about Chinchao. Condalia sessilis,
Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 54. Corolla purplish. Berries ovate,
purplish.
Sessile-flowered Coccocypselum. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. A mixture of peat and sand is the best soil for the
species ; and they will be easily increased by separating the
creeping stems from the main plant.
L. FERNE'LIA (named after J. Fernel, M. D. physician to
Henry II. of France ; he died in 1558). Comm. in Juss. gen. p.
196. mem.mus. 6. p. 393. Lam. ill. t. 67. f. 1. Gsertn. fil. carp.
3. p. 61. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 275. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 398. — Coccocypsilum species, Willd. and Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obovate
tube, and a 4-cleft limb ; lobes subulate at the apex. Corolla
small, with a short tube, and a 4-lobed spreading limb. Stamens
4, inserted in the tube of the corolla, inclosed, or a little ex-
serted. Stigma bind. Berry crowned by the limb of the calyx,
2-celled, having the dissepiment incomplete and semilunar, and
elliptic. Seeds numerous, somewhat compressed. Albumen
cartilaginous. Embryo almost dorsal, with a centripetal radicle,
and flat roundish cotyledons. — Small glabrous branched trees,
having much the habit of box. Leaves obovate, stiffish, Sti-
pulas short, acute, solitary on each side. Pedicels axillary,
very short, bracteolate, 1 -flowered.
1 F. BUXIFOLIA (Lam. ill. no. 1478. but not of Gsertn.) lobes
of corolla obtuse ; berry obovate, crowned by the subulate lobes
of the calyx. ^ • S. Native of the Mauritius, where it is call-
ed bois de buis. F. obovata, Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 62. t. 191.
but not of Lam. Coccocypselum buxifolium, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 416. Leaves 5-6 lines long, and 3-4 broad.
Box-leaved Fernelia. Clt. 1816. Shrub.
2 F. OBOVA'TA (Lam. ill. t. 67. f. 1.) lobes of corolla acumi-
nated ; berries nearly globose, crowned by the lobes of the
calyx, which are bluntish and velvety inside. I? . S. Native of
the Mauritius, where it is called bois Malabare and bois de ronde.
F. buxifolia, Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 63. t. 197. f. 6. Coccocyp-
silum uniflorum, Willd. spec. 1. p. 618. Sieb. fl. maur. exsic.
2. no. 100. Leaves 8-10 lines long, and 6-7 broad.
O6o«a/e-leaved Fernelia. Clt. 1816. Shrub.
3 F. PEDUNCULAVTA (Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 191. f. 3.) lobes
of corolla unknown ; berry obovate, tapering a long way into the
stipe at the base, crowned by the lobes of the calyx, which are
bluntish. f? . S. Native of the Mauritius. Shrub and flowers
unknown.
Pedunculate-fruited Fernelia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Rondelelia, p. 517.
LI. PETU'NGA (Peetunga is the name of P. Roxburghii in
the Bengalee language). D. C.prod. 4. p. 398. — Randia species,
Roxb. — Higginsia, Blum, bijdr. p. 988. but not of Pers.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a permanent 4-toothed limb. Corolla funnel-shaped,
with a short obconical tube, a 4-parted limb, and a very villous
throat. Stamens 4 ; anthers a little exserted. Style filiform,
villous: stigma bidentate, a little exserted. Berry globose, de-
pressed and umbilicate at the apex, 2-celled. Seeds 2-4 in
each cell, fixed to the upper part of the dissepiment, ex Roxb.,
scale-formed, and imbricated downwards, ex Blum. Albumen
cartilaginous. Embryo inverted, with linear cotyledons. — Un-
armed erect glabrous shrubs, with decussate horizontal branches.
Leaves opposite, oblong, attenuated at both ends. Stipulas
long-acuminated, deciduous. Spikes axillary, solitary or twin,
510
RUBIACE^l. LI. PETUNOA. LII. HIGGINSIA. LIII. HOFFMANNIA. LIV. CATESB^A.
simple, many flowered, 3 times shorter than the leaves. Bracteas
short, 1-flowered. Flowers disposed in 2 or 4 rows, sessile
along the rachis of the spike, small, greenish white. This genus
differs from fidndia in the flowers being tetramerous, and very
much bearded in the throat, and in the spicate inflorescence and
whole habit ; and from Higginsia in the throat of the corolla
being bearded, in the genitals being a little exserted, and in the
globose depressed fruit, &c.
1 P. ROXBU'RGHII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 399.) leaves elliptic-ob-
long, glabrous, acuminated at both ends ; spikes axillary ; brae-
teas and calyxes glabrous. I? . S. Native of the East Indies,
about Luksmeeapoora, where it is called Peetunga by the natives.
Randia racemosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 144. Branches almost
horizontal. Leaves drooping, 3-4 inches long, and about 1
broad. Stipulas large, caducous. Spikes about one-half or one-
third shorter than the leaves. Flowers small, pale, greenish
white. Berries round, smooth, shining, straw coloured, size of
a pea.
Roxburgh's Petunga. Clt. 1820. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
2 P. LONGIFOLIA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acumi-
nated at both ends ; branches terete ; bracteas and calyxes
downy. (j . S. Native of Java. Higginsia longifolia, Blum,
bijdr. p. 988. Leaves 6-7 inches long, and 2 broad. Spikes
about 2 inches long. Flowers small, greenish white.
Long-leaved Petunga. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
3 P. MICROCA'RPA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acu-
minated, finely veined ; spikes short, quadrifariously imbricated ;
tube of corolla very short. fj . S. Native of Java, where it is
called Ki-Apiet by the natives. Higginsia microcarpa, Blum,
bijdr. p. 988. Leaves 3 inches long, and 9 lines broad. Spikes
5-6 lines long. Flowers small, greenish white.
Small-fruited Petunga. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
4 P. GLOMERULA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 399.) leaves oblong-
lanceolate, veiny ; spikes densely glomerulated. Tj . S. Native
of Java, on mount Salak, and in woods on the island of Nusae-
Kambanga.
G lomerulated-sp\\ied Petunga. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Catesbcea, p. 511.
LII. HIGGI'NSIA (named after General O-Higgins, some-
time Governor of Chili). Pers. ench. 1. p. 133. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 399. — O-Higginsia, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 55. Rcem. et
Schultes, syst. 3. p. 10. (exclusive of all the species with 4-
celled fruit). Evosmia species, Spreng. — Nacibea species, Juss.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a short ob-
ovate tube, and a permanent limb, which is 4-toothed to the
base. Corolla funnel-shaped, and somewhat campanulate, with
a short tube, a 4-parted spreading limb, and a naked throat.
Stamens inserted into the middle of the tube ; filaments short ;
anthers ovate, inclosed. Stigmas 2, exserted. Berry oblong,
somewhat tetragonal, bisulcate, 2-celled, crowned by the calyx.
Placentas adnate to the dissepiment. Seeds many in each cell,
small, wingless. — Shrubs about 3 or 4 feet high, with bluntly
tetragonal branches. Leaves opposite or in whorles, obovate or
oblong, acute. Stipulas solitary on both sides, small, acute, de-
ciduous. Peduncles axillary, racemose, bearing short unilateral
pedicels. Corollas reddish.
1 H. VERTICILLA'TA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 133.) leaves 3 in a
whorl, lanceolate, downy beneath ; peduncles solitary, depen-
dent, bearing about 4 flowers. T? . S. Native of Peru, at
Muna, where it is called Cnrpales. O-Higginsia verticillata,
Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 55. t. 85. f. a. Evosmia verticillata,
Spreng. Corolla scarlet. Berries purplish white.
W Aor/erf-leaved Higginsia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
2 H. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Bartl. in herb. Hajnke, ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 399.) leaves opposite, narrow-oblong-lanceolate, glabrous,
tapering much at both ends ; fruit axillary, usually twin, oblong,
opposite, on short pedicels. >j . S. Native of Peru, on moun-
tains about the Guanocco. Flowers red.
Narrow-leaved Higginsia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
3 H. LATIFOLIA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
399.) leaves opposite, obovate, acuminated, attenuately cuneated
at the base, glabrous, having the nerves and veins clothed with
rusty tomentum beneath ; flowers axillary, in fascicles, pedicel-
late, nutant. Jj . S. Native of Peru, on mountains about the
Guanocco. Fruit membranous, somewhat tetragonal.
Broad-leaved Higginsia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
4 H. OBOVA'TA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 133.) leaves opposite, ob-
ovate, short-acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles aggregate, unequal,
spreading, many flowered. Tj . S. Native of Peru, in shady
places at Muna. O- Higginsia oboyata, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1.
p. 56. t. 85. f. b. Evosmia obovata, Spreng. Corolla flesh
coloured. Berries purple.
Obovate-leaved Higginsia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
Cult. See Catesbce 'a, p. 511. for culture and propagation.
LIII. HOFFMA'NNIA (named by Swartz, in memory of
Maurice Hoffmann, professor of botany at Altorff, author of
Florilegium Altorfinum, 1 C60). Swartz, prod. p. 30. fl. ind. occ.
1. p. 241. t. 5. Schreb. gen. no. 1719. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p.
383. but not of Lcefl. nor Willd.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an oblong
somewhat tetragonal tube, and a 4-toothed limb : teeth erect,
acute. Corolla salver-shaped, with a very short tube, and a
4-parted spreading limb ; segments lanceolate. Anthers 4, ses-
sile upon the tube, erectly connivent, linear, acute. Stigma ob-
tuse, hardly emarginate. Capsule baccate, indehiscent, crowned
by the calyx, 2-celled, slightly tetragonal. Placentas ovate, dis-
tinct in the cells of the fruit. Seeds numerous, minute, round-
ish.— A herb, which is suffruticose, and branched at the base,
having the branches hairy. Leaves ovate, acuminate, rough
from dots above, and hairy beneath. Stipulas very short, acute.
Peduncles axillary, longer than the petioles, many flowered.
1 H. PEDUNCULA'TA (Swartz, 1. c.; Jj . S. Native of the
higher mountains of Jamaica, in rather humid shady places. H.
Jamaicensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 416. Corolla with a red tube,
and the segments of the limb striped with blood-colour at the
base, but they are yellow at the apex. Berries scarlet.
Pedunculate Hoffmannia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. See Catesbce'a, p. 511. for culture and propagation.
LIV. CATESB^A (named by Gronovius after Mark
Catesby, author of the natural history of Carolina). Gron. in
Lin. gen. no. 130. Juss. gen. 199. mem. mus. 6. p. 393. Lam.
ill. t. 67. Gsertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 67. t. 192. A. Rich. mem. soc.
hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 256. D. C. prod. 4. p. 400.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obovate
tube, and a 4-toothed or 4-parted limb. Corolla funnel-shaped,
with a very long tube, gradually widening and dilated to the
throat, and a 4-parted limb. Stamens 4 ; filaments inserted at
the base of the tube of the corolla; anthers linear, exserted.
Stigma bidentate, from the lamellae being combined. Berry
globose or oblong, 2-celled, crowned by the limb of the calyx ;
having the dissepiment perforated according to Jussieu, but ac-
cording to Gaertner, it is entire. Placentas spongy, fixed to the
upper part of the dissepiment on both sides. Seeds numerous,
scale-formed, inverted, imbricated downwards, collected in 2
bundles in each cell. Albumen fleshy. Embryo minute, in-
verted.— Glabrous shrubs, bearing supra-axillary simple spines.
Leaves small, oval, usually in fascicles. Stipulas solitary on each
side, deciduous. Pedicels axillary. Flowers whitish, elongated,
RUBIACE^E. LIV. CATESB.EA. LV. CONDAMINEA.
511
bractless. — This genus comes very near to Scolosdnthus, but
differs in the cells of the fruit being many seeded.
§ 1. Recwviflora (from recurvus, recurved, an&Jlos, a flower;
in allusion to the flowers being pendulous from the pedicels
being recurved). D. C. prod. 4. p. 400. Pedicels \-flowered,
recurved. Flowers pendulous. Corollas glabrous. Stamens ex-
serted.
1 C. LATIFOLIA (Lindl. bot. reg. 858.) leaves obovate, shin-
ing, convex, rather shorter than the spines ; teeth of calyx subu-
late ; tube of corolla very long, obconical at the apex. Jj . S.
Native of the West Indies, particularly in Cuba near the Ha-
vannah. Corolla pale yellow, 4 inches long. Fruit ovate, crowned
by the 4 subulate calycine teeth.
Broad-leaved Lily-thorn. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub
4 to 5 feet.
2 C. SPINOSA (Lin. spec. p. 159.) leaves ovate, acutish at both
ends, rather longer than the spines ; teeth of calyx short, acute ;
berry oval ; tube of corolla very long, cylindrical, widening at
the apex. Jj . S. Native of the Bahama Islands, but particu-
larly of Providence, near Nasma. Lam. ill. 67. f. 1. Curt. bot.
mag. t. 131. Tratt. tab. t. 259. C. longiflora, Swartz, prod. p.
30. — Catesb. car. 2. t. 100. Corolla pale yellow, 3-6 inches
long. Leaves like those of box, roundish, rising in fascicles.
Berry about the size of a middling plum, yellowish, with rather
tart pulp.
Spinose Lily- thorn. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1726. Shrub 10
to 14 feet.
3 C. ? VAVASSORII (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 416.) leaves elliptic-
oblong, obtuse, shining above, and are, as well as the spinescent
branches, glabrous; pedicels 1-flowered. fj . S. Native of St.
Domingo. Cinchona spinosa, Vavass. journ. phys. oct. 1790.
p. 243. t. 2. Lamb, cinch, p. 38. t. 13. C. elliptica, Spreng. in
litt. The fruit is said to be capsular and dehiscent at the apex,
and the seeds are said to be edged with a wing, but should this
be the case it is certainly not a species of Catesbce'a.
Vavasseur's Lily-thorn. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
§ 2. Erectrflbrce (from erectus, erect, and Jlos, a flower ; the
flowers are erect, not drooping as in the first section). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 401. Pedicels axillary, \-flomered. Flowers erect,
glabrous. Stamens inclosed. — Perhaps all are species of the
genus Rdndia.
4 C. PAR.VIFLORA (Swartz, prod. 30. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 236.)
leaves ovate, stiff, with revolute margins, mucronate, and are, as
well as the branches, glabrous ; teeth of calyx short, acute ;
flowers sessile among the leaves ; tube of corolla short, tetra-
gonal; berries roundish. Tj . S. Native of the north of Ja-
maica, among bushes by the sea side. Vahl, symb. 2. p. 31.
eclog. 1. p. 12. t. 10. f. 1. but not of Lam. Gaertn. fil. carp. t.
192. f. 3. C. parviflora, ex Jamaica, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 416.
exclusive of the diagnosis and synonymes. — Sloan, hist. t. 207.
f. 1. Corolla white, with a tetragonal tube, about 4 lines long.
Small-flowered Lily-thorn. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810. Shrub
4 to 5 feet.
5 C. CAMPANULA TA (La Sagra, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
401.) leaves ovate-roundish, coriaceous, and are, as well as the
branchlets, quite glabrous ; spines opposite, longer than the
leaves ; flowers erect, short, sessile in the axils of the leaves.
^ . S. Native of Cuba, near the Havannah, where it was col-
lected by Ramon de la Sagra. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from
C. parviflora.
Camjjanulate-fioviereA Lily-thorn. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
6 C. PARVIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 401.) leaves ovate-round-
ish, mucronate, glabrous ; spines axillary, subulate, a little longer
than the leaves ; branchlets hairy ; flowers short, usually twin,
axillary, on very short pedicels. ^ • S. Native of St. Do-
mingo. Catesbse'a parviflora var. Domingensis, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 416. Gardenia parvifolia, Dietr. suppl. gart. lex. 3. p. 441.
ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 247. Randia parvifolia, Lam.
diet. 3. p. 25. (exclusive of the syn. of Sloane,) ill. t. 156. f. 2.
but the flowers in the figure are drawn 5-cleft. Spines opposite,
straight, about 5 lines long. Leaves like those of box, in fas-
cicles. Berries globose, almost sessile. Flowers white, chang-
ing to yellowish.
Small-leaved Lily-thorn. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1818. Shrub
4 to 5 feet.
7 C. ERE'CTA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C.
prod. 4. p. 401.) leaves oval-oblong, acute; branchlets oppo-
site, spreading, unarmed ; flowers almost terminal, nearly ses-
sile, solitary, erect ; tube of corolla very long. Tj . S. Native
of Mexico. Flowers white, almost like those of C. spinosa, but
erect. Spines none in the figure given.
Erect Lily-thorn. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
Cult. All the species of Catesbc&a are very ornamental
while in bloom. They grow best in a mixture of light turfy
loam and peat ; and cuttings will root if planted in sand plunged
in heat, with a bell-glass placed over them. The plants being
apt to be infested with insects, they should be kept clean or they
will not thrive.
Tribe III.
HEDYOTI'DEjE (this tribe contains plants agreeing with
the genus Hedydtis in particular characters). Cham, et Schlecht.
in Linnsea. 4. p. 150. D. C. prod. 4. p. 401. Fruit capsular,
2-celled, dehiscing in the middle of the cells : or rather mem-
branous and indehiscent ; cells many seeded. Seeds not winged.
Albumen fleshy. — Shrubs and herbs, with opposite leaves, and
interpetiolar stipulas.
SUBTRIBE I. RONDELETIE'/E (plants agreeing with the genus
Rondelctia in important characters). D. C. prod. 4. p. 401.
Stipulas twin on both sides, combined or distinct, neither sheath-
ed nor ending in bristles.
LV. CONDAMI'NEA (in honour of — La Condamine, a
famous astronomer, and traveller in South America, and who
was the first who described and figured Cinchona lanccolata).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 402. — Macrocn&mum, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per.
2. p. 48. but not of Browne. — Macrocnemum, sect. 2. Kunth,
and A. Rich.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a cup-shaped
tube, and a 5-crenated or 5-toothed limb (f. 95. a.), which at
length becomes circumcised at the base, and falls off. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a somewhat curved tube (f. 95. 6.), which is
a little longer than the calyx, a dilated throat, and a 5-parted
limb (f. 95. e.) ; the segments ovate, acute, spreading, and
thickened at the apex (f. 95. c.). Stamens 5, inserted above the
middle of the corolline tube (f. 95. 6.), or near its throat ; fila-
ments shorter than the corolla ; anthers oblong-linear, bifid at
the base, length of corolla. Stigma 2-lobed (f. 95. /.). Capsule
turbinate (f. 95. g.\ rather compressed, truncate, umbilicate, 2-
celled, dehiscing in the middle of the cells (f. 95. A:.). Seeds small,
numerous, cuneiform, not winged. — South American shrubs.
Leaves large, opposite, on short petioles. Stipulas intrafolia-
ceous, bipartite, acuminated, adpressed, usually connate. Co-
rymbs or racemes terminal, many flowered. — This genus differs
from Macrocnemum in the form of the calyx, in the stamens being
inserted above the middle of the corolline tube, not at its base,
as in that genus, and in the seeds being wingless ; and from
Siclcingia in the stigma being double, not simple, and in the
seeds not being winged, &c.
1 C. CORYMBOSA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 402.) leaves ovate-oblong,
512
RUBIACE^E. LV. CONDAMINEA. LVI. ALSEIS. LVII. MACROCNEMCM.
FIG. 95.
acuminated, cordate at the base,
sessile, plicate, coriaceous ; co-
rymbs large, brachiate, trichoto-
mous ; teeth of calyx broad,
short, blunt, fj . S. Native of
Peru, on hills towards Chinchao,
Acomayo, Pillao, and Muna,&c.
ex Ruiz et Pav. ; and on moun-
tains about the Guanocco river,
ex Haenke ; as well as of New
Granada about Mariquita, and
Santa Anna, ex H. B. et Kunth.
Macrocnemum corymbosum.Ruiz
etPav. fl. per. 2. p. 48. t. 189.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.
3. p. 399. Leaves a foot long.
Calyx purplish, fleshy. Corolla
white inside and purplish on the outside, with a naked throat. Cap-
sule at first purplish, but at length almost black. Seeds yellow.
Corymbose-fiowered Condaminea. Tree 40 to 50 feet.
2 C. TiNCTbuiA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 402.) leaves elliptic-oblong,
acute, rounded at the base, petiolate, glabrous on both surfaces ;
corymbs sessile, tripartite ; flowers crowded into heads ; seg-
ments of corolla acute. J? . S. Native of South America, at
the Missions of the Orinoco, between Encaramada and Carichana.
Macrocnemum tinctorium, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
399. Willd. rel. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 6. Corolla
white. Corymbs terminal.
Dyers' Condaminea. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1820. Tree 20
to 30 feet.
3 C. MICROCA'RPA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 402.) leaves oblong,
bluntly acuminated, pubescent beneath ; racemes terminal ;
flowers crowded, sessile ; teeth of calyx minute. J? . S. Native
of Peru, in hot shady forests near Chinchao and Cuchero. Ma-
crocnemum microcarpum, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 48. t. 188.
f. a. Leaves shining above. Racemes 8-9 inches long. Corolla
white, with reflexed segments, 4 times longer than the calyx.
Capsule small, turbinate. Seeds yellow.
Small-fruited Condaminea. Tree 25 feet.
4 C. VENOSA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oval-oblong, acuminated,
lined with numerous veins ; the nerves and veins downy ; stipulas
connate, with the lobes acuminated ; racemes terminal ; flowers
sessile ; teeth of calyx minute, f? . S. Native of Peru, in
groves in hot places towards Acomayo and Pati. Macrocne-
mum venbsum, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 49. t. 190. f. b.
Branches tetragonal. Leaves 9 inches long. Stipulas reddish.
Racemes downy. Flowers small, white.
Fpinz/-leaved Condaminea. Shrub 10 feet.
5 C. GLABRA'TA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves obovate, short-acumi-
nated, attenuately cuneated at the base, quite glabrous, lined
with the veins ; stipulas 2-lobed, shorter than the petioles :
lobes rounded ; panicle terminal, glabrous ; flowers glomerate ;
teeth of calyx minute. Tj . S. Native of Peru, on mountains
about Huanocco. Macrocnemum glabratum, Bartl. in herb.
Ha-nke. Very like C. venosa, but differs in the smoothness and
shape of the leaves.
Glabrous Condaminea. Shrub 10 feet ?
Cull. See Catesbee'n, p. 511. for culture and propagation.
LVI. ALSE'IS (from aXuoc, alsos, a grove; the tree grows
in groves). Schott, in Spreng. syst. append, p. 404. D. C. prod.
4. p. 620.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx superior,
5-parted. Corolla cup-shaped, with a 5-parted limb, and a
bearded throat. Stamens 5, almost distinct to the base of the
corolla, exserted. Stigma parted. Ovarium 2-celled, many-
ovulate. — A middle-sized tree. Leaves oblong, acuminated,
rather pilose on both surfaces. Spikes branched, terminal.
Flowers small, cream-coloured — This genus is allied to Macro-
cnemum and Machaonia according to the author.
1 A. FLORIBU'NDA (Schott, 1. c.) T? . S. Native of Brazil, in
groves.
Bundle-flowered Alseis. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Rondeletia, p. 517.
LVII. MACROCNE'MUM (from jucucpoc, makros, long, and
Kfripr), kneme, a leg ; in reference to the long flower-stalks). P.
Browne, jam. p. 165. Lin. amcen. 5. p. 413. Swartz, obs. p.
68. t. 3.f. 1. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 386. D. C. prod. 4. p. 402.
— Macrocnemum species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with a turbinate
tube, and a small 5-toothed permanent limb. Corolla tubular,
with a wide throat ; the tube pentagonal before expansion : and
the segments 5, acute, and erectish. Stamens 5, almost free
from the corolla, but sometimes adnate to the base of the tube ;
filaments very hairy above the middle; anthers oblong, inclosed.
Style length of the stamens ; stigma obtuse, 2-lobed. Capsule
2-celled, 2-valved ; valves dehiscing at the sides (ex Swartz).
Seeds numerous, imbricated, acute. — Small glabrous trees.
Leaves approximate, oblong, short-acuminated. Stipulas soli-
tary on both sides. Peduncles terminal and subaxillary, soli-
tary, trichotomously corymbose above. Flowers rather large,
yellowish green.
1 M. JAMAICE'NSE (Lin. amcen. 5. p. 413.) arboreous ; leaves
oblong-oval, petiolate, polished ; stipulas ovate-triangular, much
shorter than the petioles ; corymbs on long peduncles. Tj . S.
Native of the south of Jamaica, in shady places on the banks of
rivulets. Swartz, obs. p. 68. t. 3. f. 1. Lam. diet. 3. p. 670. ;
and of Guadaloupe at a place called Grand Brandaube, where it
was collected by L'Herminier. Branches warted. Corollas rather
large, of a yellowish green colour.
Jamaica Macrocnemum. Clt. 1806. Tree 12 to 14 feet.
t Species not sufficiently known, and do not probably belong to
the present genus.
2, M. ? STIPULA'CEUM (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 144.) leaves almost
sessile, lanceolate, smooth ; stipulas oval, very large ; corymbs
terminal, supradecompound. ij . S. Native of the Moluccas.
The mouth of the corolla is uncommonly woolly, almost hiding
the stamens.
Stipulaceous Macrocnemum. Tree.
3 M.? PARVIFLORUM (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 144.) shrubby;
leaves on short petioles, lanceolate, entire, smooth ; stipulas an-
nular, truncate ; peduncles axillary, many-flowered ; corolla
acetabuliform. T? . S. Native of the Moluccas.
Small-flowered Macrocnemum. Shrub.
4 M. ? TETRA'NDUM (A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p.
279.) leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute at both ends, discoloured,
tomentose beneath ; flowers subracemose, terminal, small, tetra-
merous ; calyx woolly ; corolla short ; stamens exserted ; cap-
sule dehiscing at the dissepiment. T? . S. Native of Brazil.
Tetrandrous Macrocnemum. Shrub or tree.
5 M. ? TUBULOSUM (A. Rich. 1. c.) leaves broad-ovate, acu-
minated at the apex, dimidiate at the base, petiolate, downy ;
flowers subcymose, terminal ; one of the teeth of the calyx is
expanded into a large, broad, somewhat heart-shaped petiolate
leaf; corolla with a long tube, and a 5-lobed limb ; stamens ex-
serted ; capsule dehiscing in the middle of the cells. T? . S.
Native of Brazil. This is probably a species of Calycophyllum.
2'u6«/ar-flowered Macrocnemum. Tree or shrub.
Cult, For culture and propagation see Catesbc&a, p. 511.
RUBIACE^E. LVIII. CHIMARRHIS. LIX. AUCUSTEA. LX. PORTLANDIA.
513
LVIII. CHIMA'RRHIS (from •^etf.iappog, chimarrhos, a tor-
rent ; the tree grows on the banks of torrents). Jacq. amer. p.
61. Juss. gen. p. 204. mem. mus. 6. p. 381. — Macrocnemum
species, A. Rich.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with an obovate
or turbinate tube, and an almost obsolete entire limb. Corolla
with a short tube, and a 5-cleft spreading limb ; segments hairy
in the middle outside. Stamens 5, inserted in the upper part of
the corolline tube ; filaments hairy at the base ; anthers oval.
Capsule obovate or turbinate, ligneous, coriaceous, crowned by
the marginal limb of the calyx, 2-celled ; cells dehiscing from the
apex to the base, ex Jacquin, 1 -seeded, ex A. Richard, many-
seeded ; valves semibifid. Seeds pendulous. — American gla-
brous trees. Leaves opposite, on short petioles. Stipulas in-
terpetiolar, solitary on both sides. Corymbs or cymes terminal.
Flowers white. — This genus is nearly allied to Muchabnia.
1 C. CYMOSA (Jacq. amer. p. 61.) leaves ovate, acuminated at
both ends ; branches of corymb alternate ; capsules obovate,
very short. Jj . S. Native of Martinico, along the sides of
mountain streams or torrents, where it is commonly called
bois de riviere, or river wood. Macrocnemum longifolium, A.
Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 279. A lofty tree, with a
handsome head. Leaves a foot long, shining, commonly 8 or 10
at the top of each branch. Flowers small, disposed in race-
mose corymbs, white. Capsules small. The wood is white, and
used for beams and rafters.
Cymose-fionered River-wood. Tree lofty.
2 C. TURBINA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 404.) leaves oval, obtuse
at the apex, and acute at the base ; branches of corymbs oppo-
site ; capsules turbinate. F? . S. Native of Cayenne, where it
was collected by Patris. Upper leaves 3 inches long and 1J
broad, on short petioles. Stipulas triangular, acuminated. Pe-
duncles and capsules downy.
Turbinate-fruhed River-wood. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Rondeletia, p. 517.
LIX. AUGU'STE A (named in compliment to the present em-
press of Austria, princess Caroline Augusta of Bavaria). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 404. — Augusta, Pohl, fl. bras. 2. p. 1 . but not of Leand.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx 5-cleft, with folia-
ceous permanent segments. Corolla very long, tubular, incurv-
ed, 10-striated, with a spreading limb, which is valvate in aesti-
vation. Anthers sessile, exserted. Stigma cloven. Capsule
2-celled, dehiscing at the apex, 4-cleft. Seeds angular, margi-
nated, truncate at the apex, fixed to a transverse receptacle. —
Middle-sized trees. Leaves on short petioles, simple, decussate,
entire, oblong, stipulate. Flowers showy, bracteate, in terminal
fascicles, deep red or crimson. This genus differs from Exo-
stemma by the funnel-shaped corolla, with broad short seg-
ments, by the foliaceous calycine lobes, and by the angular seeds.
1 A. LANCEOLA'TA (Pohl, fl. bras. 2. p. 2. t. 101.) leaves lan-
ceolate, and are, as well as the Stipulas, glabrous ; flowers ter-
minal, 3 in a fascicle ; bracteas lanceolate, flat, ciliated. J? . S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, in shady places, on
the banks of rivers and ditches, in Serra de Cristaes. Flowers
crimson or deep red. Stem bluish red.
Lanceolate-leaved Augustea. Shrub.
2 A. PARVIFOLIA (Pohl, fl. bras. 2. p. S. t. 102.) leaves lan-
ceolate, equal at the base and apex, acutish ; Stipulas and brac-
teas glabrous ; flowers terminal, twin ; calycine segments oblong,
blunt ish, retuse at the base, and pilose inside. ^ . S. Native
of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro, in shady places on the
banks of rivers and rivulets on the road from Engenho da
Varge to Agoa de Serra. Stem of a greyish brown colour.
Flowers bluish red.
Small-leaved Augustea. Shrub.
VOL. III.
3 A. OBLONGIFOLIA (Pohl, fl. bras. 2. p. 4. t. 103.) leaves
oblong, acuminated at the base and apex, glabrous above, and
rather pilose beneath ; Stipulas, bracteas, and peduncles pilosely
tomentose ; fascicles first ternate, then bifid. Tj . S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, on the mountains among bushes
on the banks of rivers and rivulets. Stem greyish black.
Flowers deep red or crimson. Panicles terminal, trifid, then
bifid, each ultimate division bearing 1 flower.
Oblong-leaved Augusta. Shrub.
4 A. ATTENUA'TA (Pohl, pi. bras. 2. p. 6. t. 104.) leaves ob-
long, tapering into the petioles at the base, ciliated when ex-
amined by a lens, glabrous ; Stipulas glabrous on the outside,
and pilose inside ; fascicles of flowers terminal, first ternate,
then bifid ; bracteas lanceolate, channelled, villous inside. Tj . S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro, on the margin
of rivers and rivulets, in Serra Tingua. Stem greyish brown.
Corolla bluish red. Panicles of flowers divided like that of the
last.
Attenuated-\ea\ed Augusta. Shrub.
5 A. GLAUCE'SCENS (Pohl, fl. bras. 2. p. 7. t. 105.) leaves
crowded, oblong, tapering to both ends, therefore acute, quite
glabrous ; Stipulas triangular, cuspidate, glabrous ; fascicles of
flowers terminal, trifurcate ; bracteas lanceolate, acuminated,
pilose inside. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of
Goyaz, in shady places on the banks of rivers and rivulets at Ri-
veirao Bateiro. Stem bluish black. Corolla deep red or crimson.
Glaucescent Augusta. Shrub.
Cult. The species of Augustea are very ornamental ; the
flowers being long and tubular, of a deep red or crimson colour.
Their culture and propagation is the same as that recommended
for Calesbcea, p. 511.
LX. PORTLA'NDIA (so named after the Duchess of Port-
land, who was a great lover of botany, and well acquainted with
English plants). P. Browne, jam. p. 164. Lin. spec. 227.
Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 153. t. 31. D. C. prod. 4. p. 404.— Port-
landia species, Schreb. and Swartz.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obovate,
5-nerved tube, and a 5-parted limb : lobes large, foliaceous.
Corolla large, funnel-shaped, with a short tube, a wide obconical
throat, and a bluntly 5-lobed limb. Stamens 5, inserted at the
bottom of the throat ; anthers long, semi-exserted. Stigma un-
divided. Capsule obovate, or nearly oblong, ribbed from nerves,
crowned by the calyx, retuse, 2-celled ; valves dehiscing at the
apex. Placentas coriaceous, central. Seeds numerous, elliptic,
much compressed, scabrous from elevated dots. — Small glabrous
trees, natives of South America. Leaves shining, on short pe-
tioles. Stipulas broad, triangular. Peduncles axillary, short,
1-3-flowered. Flowers large, whitish.
1 P. GRANDIFLORA (Lin. spec. 244.) leaves elliptic-lanceolate ;
flowers axillary, pedicellate, solitary, 4 times the length of the
breadth. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica, St. Thomas, &c. among
rocks at the foot of the mountains. Smith, icon. pict. 1. t. 6.
Curt. bot. mag. 286. Jacq. amer. t. 44. pict. t. 64. Flowers
almost like those of Brugmansia arbbrea, white, reddish inside at
the throat, 5 inches long and l| broad, very fragrant at night;
but in the bud state they are yellowish, tipped with red. Tube
with 5 hairy angles.
Var. /3; leaves ovate, acute. Tj • S. Growing along with the
species.
Great-flowered Portlandia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1775. Shrub
10 to 14 feet.
2 P. COCCI'NEA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 384.) leaves ovate-
roundish, coriaceous ; flowers axillary, pedicellate, solitary,
hardly twice the length of the breadth. ^ . S. Native of the
west of Jamaica, on the precipices of mountains, but rare. P.
SU
514 RUBIACEjE. LX. PORTLANDIA. LXI. BIKKIA. LXII. ISIDOREA. LXIU. SPALLANZANIA. LXIV. RONDELETIA.
coriacea, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 708. Leaves 3 inches long and 2
broad. Corolla scarlet, 3 inches long, with a 5-sided tube.
Anthers vellow. Capsules roundish.
Scarlet-ftovtered Portlandia. Clt. 1812. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
f A species hardly known.
S P. ACXJMINA'TA (Willd. rel. in Roam, et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
23.) leaves ovate, acuminated. (7 . S. Native of New Spain,
at Caraccas. Perhaps the same as P. grandiflbra ft.
Acuminated-\eaved Portlandia. Shrub.
Cult. The species of Portldndia are deserving of a place in
every collection of stove plants, for their large showy flowers.
They thrive best in a mixture of sandy loam and peat ; and
cuttings, not having their leaves shortened, will root freely if
planted in a pot of sand, plunged in heat, with a hand-glass over
them. A strong heat is necessary for flowering the species, and
without it they will not even grow freely.
LXI. BI'KKIA (meaning unknown to us ; but is probably
named after some person). Reinw. in Blum, bijdr. p. 1017. D. C.
mem. omb. p. 10. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 230.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 405. — Portlandia species, Forst. — Cormi-
gonus of Rafin. ann. gen. sc. ph. 6. p. 83.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a turbinately
oblong tube, which is angular from 8 filiform ribs, 4 of which are
carinal, and 4 sutural : and a 4-parted limb ; lobes linear-lan-
ceolate. Corolla clavate, tetragonal, with a 4-parted limb.
Anthers 4, linear, not exceeding the limb of the corolla. Stigma
unknown. Capsule ovate, dehiscing at the apex, separable from
the calyx, and therefore at length becoming naked, 2-celled, but
almost 4-celled from the margins of the valves being involute ;
valves bifid at the apex. Placentas narrow, rather prominent.
Seeds innumerable, small, compressed, not winged, but echi-
nated along the margins from membranous crests. Albumen
fleshy. — A glabrous shrub. Leaves opposite, obovate, bluntish,
cuneated at the base, petiolate, veinless, with the exception of
the middle nerve. Stipulas short, truncate, combined. Pedicels
axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, naked. Flowers white.
1 B. AUSTRA'LIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 405.). Jj . S. Native of
the islands in the Pacific. Portlandia tetrandra, Forst. prod,
no. 86. Lin. fil. suppl. 143. Willd. spec. 1. p. 935. Poir.
diet. 5. p. 575. Hoffmannia Amicorum, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
416. Bikkia grandiflora, Reinw. in Blum, bijdr. p. 1017.
Leaves approximate at the tops of the branches. Corolla white.
Var. a, Forsteriana. Jj . S. Native of Savage Island and
Weggio in the Pacific. Leaves obovate, coriaceous, obtuse,
cuneated at the base, on short petioles, 2 inches long. Corolla
tubular, rather dilated at the apex ; with 4 short triangular
lobes, which are each terminated by a nmcrone. Anthers a
little longer than the corolla. Perhaps the flowers are mon-
strous.
Var. ft, Commersonidna. I? . S. Native at Port Praslin.
Leaves broad-obovate, very blunt, hardly coriaceous, cuneated
at the base, on short petioles, 3-4 inches long and 2 or more
broad. Corolla more than 2 inches long, with an obconical tube,
and ovat'e lobes, which are apiculated by a mucrone at the apex.
Anthers shorter than the lobes of the corolla.
Var. y, Gawlichaudiana. Tj . S. Native of the Island of
Rawak. Intermediate between the two preceding varieties.
Lobes of corolla triangular, acute, with the recesses broad and
obtuse. Anthers equal in length to the corolla.
Southern Bikkia. Tree or shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Portlandia above.
LXII. ISIDO'REA (isidos is the Latin name of a shrub like
coral ; the name has been applied to this genus because it is stiff
and dry, and grows by the sea side). A. Rich, in mem. soc. hist,
nat. par. 5. p. 284. t. 25. f. 1. D. C. prod. 4. p. 405.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a turbinate
pentagonal tube, and a 5-parted limb ; lobes erect, keeled, lan-
ceolate-subulate. Corolla tubular, pentagonal, with a naked
throat, and a 5-cleft limb ; segments triangular, acute, short.
Stamens inserted in the bottom of the tube of the corolla, and
about its length ; filaments capillary, villous at the base, and
combined together in a monadelphous manner ; anthers oblong ;
obtuse at the apex. Style slender, length of corolla ; stigma
bilamellate ; lamellae oblong, obtuse. Capsule almost globose,
pentagonal, truncate at the apex, crowned by the segments of
the calyx, 2-celled ; cells dehiscent, many-seeded. Seed angled,
from being pressed against each other, girded by a cup-shaped
membrane at the base. — A stiff shrub, with the habit of Ernodea.
Leaves opposite, linear, stiff, with revolute margins. Stipulas
on the younger branches entire and subulate, but those on the
older branches are bipartite. Flowers almost terminal, solitary,
nearly sessile, often hexamerous.
1 I. AMCE'NA (Rich. 1. c.). fy . S. Native of the West India
Islands. Ernodea pedunculata, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 581.? and
Ernodea pungens, Lam. ill. 1. p. 276.? ex Rich, but the de-
scriptions given do not agree.
Pleasant Isidorea. Shrub.
Cult. See Rondelelia, p. 517. for culture and propagation.
LXIII. SPALLANZA'NIA (named in honour of Abbe
Spallanzani, an Italian celebrated for his researches in natural
history, particularly in zoology). D.C. prod. 4. p. 406. but
not of Neck, nor Pall.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ob-
versely pyramidal tube, a 5-parted limb, and foliaceous, linear>
distant, acute, erect, permanent lobes, which are longer than the
tube. Corolla with a slender, terete tube, which is longer than
the segments of the limb, a naked throat, and 5 oval spreading
segments. Stamens 5 ; filaments free from the throat, exserted ;
anthers oblong. Style filiform ; stigmas 2, slender, elongated.
Capsule ovate-globose, ribbed by nerves, and crowned by the
calycine lobes, 2-celled, obscurely dehiscent : having semi-bifid
carpels. Placentas adnate to the dissepiment. Seeds ovate,
tubercular. — A smooth shrub. Branches terete, but compressed
at the apex. Leaves obovate or oval, rather coriaceous. Sti-
pulas solitary on both sides, ovate, bifid at the apex. Corymbs
terminal, many-flowered, with angular branches, which are
bracteate at the base. — Very nearly allied to Ldndia a section of
Mussce'nda.
1 S. CORYMBO'SA (D. C. 1. c.). Tj . S. Native of Mada-
gascar, where it is called Tambaracha by the natives.
Corymiose-flowered Spallanzania. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Rondeletia, p. 517.
LXIV. RONDELE'TIA(sonamedby Plumier, in memory
of William Rondelet, a famous physician and natural historian
of Montpelier). Plum. gen. p. 15. t. 12. Lam. ill. t. 162.
Gsertn. fil. carp. 3. t. 184. Kuril h, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 393.
A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 271. but not of Roxb. —
Rondeletia species, Lin. gen. no. 220. — Petesia, P. Browne, but
not of others. — Arachnimorpha, Desv. in Hamilt. prod. p. 28.
— Lightfootia, Schreb. gen. no. 303. but not of L'Her. — Will-
denovia, Gmel. syst. 1. p. 362. but not of Thunb.
LIN. SYST. Telra- Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a
subglobose tube, and a 4-5-parted limb ; lobes oblong-linear,
acute, permanent. Corolla with a cylindrical tube, which is
hardly ventricose at the apex, and a 4-5-lobed spreading limb ;
lobes roundish. Anthers 4-5, sessile at the top of the tube,
inclosed. Stigma bifid. Capsule globose, crowned by the
calyx, 2-celled, dehiscing from the apex into 2 valves, which
7
RUBIACEvE. LXIV. RONDELETIA.
515
are usually cleft at the apex, whence it sometimes appears 4-
valved ; but usually dehiscing at the cells, rarely at the disse-
piment. Placentas central. Seeds numerous, small, ovate,
angular, usually only 2 in each cell at maturity. — Small trees or
shrubs, mostly natives of America. Leaves almost sessile, or
more or less petiolate. Stipulas deltoid, or linear-lanceolate,
solitary on both sides, undivided, sometimes hairy inside. Pe-
duncles axillary, usually trichotomous, sometimes disposed in a
terminal corymbose panicle, rarely 3 or 1 -flowered. — All the
Asiatic plants referred to this genus are species of Wendl&ndia.
§ 1. Pentamerce (from TTEVTI, petite, five, and pepte, meris,
apart ; in reference to the flowers being pentamerous). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 407. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla 5-lobed. Stamens 5.
— Rondeletia, Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 384.
* Tube of corolla hardly longer than the calyx.
1 R. IAURIFO'LIA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 363.) leaves lan-
ceolate-oblong, acute, glabrous on both surfaces ; stipulas del-
toid, glabrous on the outside, with ciliated margins, and villous
at top ; racemes compound, axillary, erect ; tube of corolla
very short, clothed with adpressed villi. Jj . S. Native of Ja-
maica and Guadaloupe, among bushes. Petesia, no. 2. P.
Browne, jam. p. 143. t. 2. f. 2. Tube of calyx turbinate, clothed
with adpressed down ; limb 5-parted, smoothish ; lobes acute,
about equal in length to the tube of the corolla. Flowers small,
dusky yellow. Capsules about the size of hemp-seed. Leaves
3-4 inches long, on petioles about an inch long.
Laurel-leaved Rondeletia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Sh.
4 to 6 feet.
2 R. RACEMOSA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 360.) leaves lanceo-
late-ovate, acuminated, petiolate, glabrous on both surfaces ;
stipulas almost deltoid, with somewhat ciliated margins ; ra-
cemes axillary, trichotomous, spreading. Tj . S. Native of
Jamaica, in woods on the mountains. Petesia, P. Browne, jam.
p. 143. t. 2. f. 3. Leaves opposite and 3 in a whorl. Tube of
corolla short, clothed with silky hairy down on the outside, a
little longer than the calycine teeth, which are very short. Very
nearly allied to R. laurifolia, but the petioles are longer, the
racemes shorter, the calycine teeth shorter, and probably the
stigma is undivided, as mentioned by Swartz. Branches co-
vered with hoary bark ; branchlets tetragonal. Corolla hoary.
Racemose-fiowered Rondeletia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
• * Tube of corolla cylindrical, 2-3 or 4 times longer than
the calycine lobes.
3 R. THYRSOIDEA (Swartz, prod. p. 41. fl. ind. occ. 1. p.
358.) leaves oblong, acute, petiolate, membranous, glabrous on
the upper surface as well as the branches, but downy beneath ;
stipulas broad ovate, acute, glabrous, stiff; thyrses axillary,
shorter than the leaves. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica, on the
driest hills in the western parts of the island. Branches bluntly
tetragonal. Leaves 3 inches long. Calyx minute, 5-toothed.
Flowers small, dull whitish yellow or rust-coloured, with an
elongated tube, which swells below the limb, and clothed with
silky pubescence on the outside. Capsules roundish, size of
coriander seeds. Seeds 2 in each cell at maturity.
7%«oirf-flowered Rondeletia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
4 R. UMBELLULAVTA (Swartz, prod. p. 41. fl. ind. occ. 1. p.
367.) leaves lanceolate- ovate, acute, rather hairy, petiolate;
stipulas hairy, ending each in a bristly acumen ; peduncles axil-
lary, trichotomous at the apex, somewhat umbelliferous, shorter
than the leaves. lj . S. Native of Jamaica, on rocks near
streams. Petesia, no. 3. P. Browne, jam. p. 144.? and there-
fore Petesia villosa, Smith, in Rees's cycl. no. 4. Calyx very
villous, with linear teeth. Corolla larger than in the rest of the
species, downy, of a dusky yellow colour ; tube elongated.
Capsule roundish : having 2 seeds in each cell at maturity.
Umbellate-Qowered Rondeletia. Shrub 2 feet.
5 R. TOMENTOSA (Swartz, prod. p. 41. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 365.)
leaves ovate, acuminated, petiolate, membranous, hairy above,
but clothed with hoary villous tomentum beneath ; peduncles
axillary, tripartite, short. I? . S. Native of Jamaica, near
Spanish Town, on rocky hills. Petesia stipularis, Lin. spec,
p. 160. ? ex Swartz. Stipulas ovate, downy, with a short point.
Branchlets villous at the ends. Flowers small, whitish, or dusky
yellow, villous outside. Capsules roundish, size of coriander
seeds, containing 1 seed in each cell at maturity.
Var. j3, Domingensis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 407.) leaves oval-
oblong, cuneated at the base, downy or villous above, but
clothed with soft hoary tomentum beneath. T; . S. Native of
St. Domingo, where it was collected by Bertero. R. tomentdsa,
ex Hispaniola, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 708. This plant is probably
referrible to Petesia tomentbsa.
Tomentose Rondeletia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. Sh. 3 ft.
6 R. INCA'NA (Swartz, prod. p. 41. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 369.)
leaves ovate-lanceolate, petiolate, glabrous above, hairy beneath,
and hoary ; stipulas very short, truncate, ciliated, white on the
margins ; peduncles axillary, simple, 3-flowered. fj . S. Native
of Jamaica, on rocky calcareous mountains, but rare. Arachni-
morpha incana, Hamilt. prod. fl. ind. occ. p. 28. R. incana,
ex Hispaniola, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 707. ex herb. Balb. is not
different from this plant. Branches rugged. Petioles tomen-
tose. Lobes of calyx ovate, acute, thick, hoary from silky
down. Corolla rather large) silky outside. Capsule oblong,
ripening 2 seeds in each cell.
Hoary Rondeletia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
7 R. HIRTA (Swartz. prod. p. 41. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 373. but
not of Ait.) leaves oblong, acuminated, on short petioles, hairy,
stiff, nerved beneath ; peduncles axillary, trichotomous, erect ;
lobes of calyx linear. Fj . S. Native of Jamaica, among bushes
on the mountains. Gaertn. fil. carp. p. 33. t. 1 84. Lodd. bot.
cab. t. 350. Stipulas broad, acuminated, hairy. Branchlets
pilose. Flowers yellowish. Mature capsule perfecting 2-4-
seeds. Peduncles tripartite to the base ; the branches bearing
3 flowers at the apex.
Var. /3, Aitbnii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 408.) leaves ovate-oblong,
acute, pilose ; capsules many-seeded. Tj . S. Native of Ja-
maica. Rondeletia hirta, Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 227. This dif-
fers from the plant of Swartz, in the leaves being shorter,
broader, and less acuminated, and in the fruit being dehiscent,
and containing a great number of small seeds.
Hairy Rondeletia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1776. Sh. 5 to 6 ft.
8 R. PANAME'NSIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 408.) leaves oval-
oblong, acuminated at both ends, glabrous above, white beneath,
and villous on the nerves and veins ; stipulas triangular, acute,
villous outside ; peduncles axillary, opposite, shorter than the
leaves, trifid and densely corymbose at the apex : ultimate ones
collected into a short thyrse ; calyx villous, with lanceolate
segments. P? . S. Native of Panama. R. hirta, Bartl. in
herb. Hsenke. Tube of corolla villous ; limb of 5 roundish
lobes. Capsules almost globose. Seeds numerous, and of 2
forms, appendiculate.
Panama Rondeletia. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
9 R. HIRSU'TA (Swartz, prod. p. 41. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 371.)
leaves oblong, acuminated, hairy on both surfaces, pale beneath,
on short petioles : stipulas ovate-lanceolate, hairy ; branchlets.
peduncles, and flowers hairy ; peduncles axillary, trichotomous.
loose, about the length of the leaves. J? . S. Native of the
south of Jamaica, among bushes on the mountains near Bath.
3 u 2
516
RUBIACE;E. LXIV. RONDELETIA.
Petioles clothed with rufescent villi. Calyx villous. Corolla
yellowish, tomentose outside, with a narrow throat. Seeds
girded by a wing, according to A. Rich : if this be the case it is
referrible to the genus Bouvdrdia.
Hirsute Rondeletia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. 5 to 6 ft.
10 R. TRIFOLIA'TA (Jacq. amer. p. 60. t. 43. pict. t. 62.)
leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3 in a whorl, on short petioles, glabrous
above but tomentose beneath ; petioles and branches hairy ;
panicles axillary, shorter than the leaves. Jj . S. Native of
Jamaica, at the foot of the mountains. Flowers reddish, small.
Leaves 3 inches long. Teeth of calyx acuminated. Corolla
with a very long tube. Capsule many-seeded.
Trifoliate Rondeletia. Tree 12 to 14 feet.
11 R. UEVIGA'TA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 366.)
leaves oblong or elliptic, acuminated at both ends, glabrous,
paler beneath, petiolate ; stipulas deltoid, glabrous on the out-
side, but bearded inside; peduncles axillary, trichotomous,
rather panicled, 3 times longer than the petioles, but one half
shorter than the leaves. ^ • S. Native of Cuba, about the
Havana ; and of Trinidad. An6nyma, Sieb. fl. trin. no. 374.
Tube of calyx downy ; limb of 3-5 linear lobes, which are 3-
times shorter than the tube of the corolla. Capsule downy,
smaller than a pea.
Smooth Rondeletia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1793. Sh. 5 to 6 ft.
12 R. AMERICA'NA (Lin. spec. 243.) leaves lanceolate or
elliptic, acuminated at both ends, glabrous, hardly petiolate,
paler beneath ; stipulas deltoid, downy outside ; peduncles op-
posite, axillary, a little longer than the leaves, dichotomously
cymose at the apex. J? . S. Native of Cuba, near the Ha-
vana ; Jamaica, and many other West India islands, ex Plum,
ed. Burm. t. 242. f. 1. Flowers white, bibracteolate, with a
little scent. Tube of calyx clothed with adpressed villi ; lobes
of limb oblong-linear, 4 times shorter than the tube of the
corolla. Capsule many-seeded.
American Rondeletia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1752. Sh. 8 to 10 ft.
13 R. CUMANE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
394.) leaves oblong, acuminate, almost sessile, glabrous, paler
beneath ; stipulas rather deltoid, with ciliated silky margins ;
panicles terminal, sessile. T? . S. Native of New Andalusia,
near Cumanacoa. Panicle sessile, and the peduncles opposite,
dichotomous, and 3-5-flowered, ex Kunth. Lobes of calyx
ovate-oblong. Flowers white.
Cumana Rondeletia. Shrub 8 to 1 0 feet.
14 R. MICRODON (D. C. prod. 4. p. 408.) glabrous; leaves
oval or oblong, acute at both ends, on very short petioles ; sti-
pulas bipartite, obtuse, permanent ; corymbs pedunculate, rising
from the forks of the branches ; calyx truncate, with 5 very
short teeth. fj • S. Native of Cuba, about the Havana, where
it was collected by De la Ossa. Flowers white in the dried
state, form of those of the other pentamerous species of Ronde-
letia, but the calyx is hardly 5-toothed.
Small-toothed-ca\yxed Rondeletia. Shrub.
15 R. ODORA'TA (Jacq. amer. p. 59. t. 42. pict. t. 61.) leaves
hardly petiolate, ovate, or subcordate, acutish, scabrous above,
paler beneath and rather scabrous on the nerves ; corymbs ter-
minal. V} . S. Native of Cuba, on rocks by the sea-side, at
the Havana; and of Mexico. Lin. spec. 1671. H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 394. R. coccinea, Moc. et Sesse,
fl. mex. icon. ined. R. obovata, Lin. syst. veg. Branchlets
villous. Stipulas wide, acute. Peduncles trichotomous. Flowers
handsome scarlet, with the projecting rim of the tube orange-
coloured, having the scent of violets, downy on the outside,
either pentamerous or hexamerous. Lobes of calyx linear,
erect, one half shorter than the tube of the corolla. Capsule
containing many angular seeds.
Sweet-scented Rondeletia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
* * * African species, with pentamerous flowers.
16 R. FEBRI'FUGA (Afz.) leaves oval coriaceous, deep green,
glabrous, petiolate ; corymbs terminal. f; . S. Native of
Sierra Leone, in the low lands about Freetown. A branched
spreading shrub, with the habit of Lauristlnus. Flowers pale
red. Stamens 5, a little longer than the tube of the corolla.
Calyx 5 -cleft.
Febrifugal Rondeletia. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
17 R. FLORIBU'NDA ; leaves ovate, acuminated, membranous,
petiolate ; corymbs lateral and terminal, numerous ; stamens 5,
exserted. Jj . S. Native of Sierra Leone, in woods on the
mountains. Corolla tubular, 5-cleft, white. Calyx 5-cleft.
Bundle-flowered Rondeletia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
18 R. LONICEROIDES ; shrub twining ; leaves roundish, ovate,
coriaceous, glabrous, petiolate ; corymbs panicled ; corolla with
a long tube and a 5-cleft border ; stamens 5, longer than the
tube. Jj . S. Native of Sierra Leone, among bushes in the
low lands. A branched twining shrub.
Honeysuckle-like Rondeletia. Shrub tw.
§ 2. Telramera (from rtrpae, tetras, by fours, and pepis, meris,
a part ; in reference to the flowers being tetramerous). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 409. Calyx 4-lobed. Corolla ^-lobed. Stamens 4.
Bouvdrdia species of Juss. — Hedybtis species of Spreng.
* Unarmed. Panicles terminal.
19 R. VIRGA'TA (Swartz, prod. p. 41. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 354.)
leaves roundish-cordate, on very short petioles, quite glabrous,
paler beneath ; stipulas minute, acute ; branches filiform, spread-
ing ; peduncles elongated, trifid ; flowers crowded by threes, fj . S.
Native of the north of Hispaniola, among bushes by the sea-side.
Hedyotis cordifolia, Spreng. pug. 2. p. 26. Flowers of a dusky
purple colour, clothed with silky down outside. Lobes of calyx
linear. Capsule pubescent, subdidymous, many-seeded.
Twiggy Rondeletia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
20 R. DISCOLOR (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 396.
t. 291.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, petiolate, with revo-
lute edges, glabrous above and on the branches, but clothed
with white tomentum beneath ; stipulas linear-subulate ; pani-
cles terminal, sessile. Tj . S. Native of New Granada, between
Maraquita and Honda. Hedyotis discolor, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 411. Flowers pedicellate, sweet-scented, red on the outside.
Lobes of calyx ovate-lanceolate. Capsule dehiscing at the dis-
sepiment ; valves bifid at the apex.
Discoloured-\eave<\ Rondeletia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
21 R. PDBE'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
396. t. 291.) leaves oblong, acute, petiolate, clothed with fine
down above, and with canescent pubescence beneath, as well as
on the branchlets ; stipulas lanceolate-subulate ; panicles ter-
minal, sessile, tripartite. J; . S. Native of New Granada,
between Maraquita and Honda. Lobes of calyx lanceolate, 5-
times shorter than the tube of the corolla. Corolla tomentose,
outside. Fruit unknown.
Downy Rodeletia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
22 R. ELONOA'TA (Bartl. in herb. Hsenke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 409.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated at both ends, pubes-
cent above, but clothed with white tomentum beneath, but thev
at length become glabrous from the down being deciduous ;
stipulas lanceolate, equal in length to the petioles ; panicles
terminal, on long peduncles ; flowers crowded ; lobes of calyx
linear, 3 times shorter than the tube of the corolla. I? . S.
Native of Mexico, about Acapulco. An intermediate species,
between R. pubescens and R. leucophyllum.
Elongated Rondeletia. Shrub.
23 R. LEUCOPHY'LLUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
RUBIACE^E. LXIV. RONDELETIA. LXV. WENDLANDIA.
517
p. 395. t. 290.) leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminated, almost
sessile, pubescent above, white from woolly tomentum beneath
as well as the branches ; panicles terminal, on long peduncles,
usually formed into a kind of capitulum. Jj . S. Native of
Mexico, between Alto del Peregrine, and the river Papagallo.
Hedyotis leucophylla, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 411. Flowers red,
sessile, or on short pedicels. Lobes of calyx linear-lanceolate,
3 times shorter than the tube of the corolla.
White-leaved Rondeletia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
* Unarmed. Peduncles axillary, trichotomously racemose
or 3-flowered.
24 R. BERTERIA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 409.) leaves oval,
acute, somewhat cuneated at the base, petiolate, clothed with
villous pubescence above, but hoary from soft villous tomentum
beneath ; branches clothed with velvety tomentum ; stipulas
lanceolate, acuminated, villous ; racemes axillary, shorter than
the leaves, many-flowered. Jj . S. Native of St. Domingo,
where it was collected by Bertero. R. hirsuta, Spreng. in herb.
Balb. but not of Swartz. Calyx villous ; lobes linear, 3 times
shorter than the tube of the corolla, which is clothed with ad-
pressed villi on the outside.
Bertero's Rondeletia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
25 R. PILOSA (Swartz, prod. p. 41. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 356.)
leaves ovate-lanceolate, or oblong, almost sessile, veiny, roughish
above, pale and villous beneath ; stipulas deltoid, broad, villous ;
peduncles axillary, 3-flowered, almost the length of the leaves,
and are as well as the calyxes pilose. 1? . S. Native of the
West India islands, as in Santa Cruz, Montserrat, and Martinico.
R. triflora, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 34. t. 54. Oldenlandia longiflora,
Lam. diet. 4. p. 534. Hedyotis longiflora, Spreng. pug. 2.
p. 27. Branches hairy towards the top, terete or tetragonal.
Leaves 2-3 inches long. Lobes of calyx length of the tube
of the corolla. Capsule many-seeded. Tube of corolla silky
outside.
Pilose Rondeletia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Unarmed. Pedicels axillary, \-florvered.
26 R. BUXIFOLIA (Vahl. eel. amer. 2. p. 11. t. 12.) leaves
obovate-oblong, on very short petioles, mucronulate at the apex,
glabrous on both surfaces, and shining above ; stipulas small,
deltoid; pedicels axillary, very short, 1 -flowered. $2.8. Na-
tive of the islands of Montserrat and Porto-Rico. Poir. diet.
6. p. 253. Catesbae'a inermis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 416. Ca-
tesbse'a parviflora, Spreng. in herb. Balb. Ixora buxif olia, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 409. ex syn. The leaves, in the specimens from
Porto-Rico, are 8 lines long and 3 lines broad, striated with the
nerves, which are oblique. Ovarium globose, pubescent out-
side. Lobes of calyx short, linear, acute. Tube of corolla
2-| lines long, downy outside. Capsules size of a black pepper,
2-seeded.
Box-leaved Rondeletia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet ?
27 R. ROYENJE1-6LIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 410.) leaves obovate-
oblong, obtuse, on very short petioles, somewhat mucronate,
hoary on both surfaces from short down ; stipulas lanceolate,
acute; pedicels axillary, very short, 1-flowered. T? . S. Na-
tive of St. Domingo, where it was collected by Bertero. R.
incana, ex Hispaniola, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 707. ex herb. Balb.
Allied to R. buxif blia, but quite distinct from R. incana.
Royena-leaved Rondeletia. Shrub.
k Shrubs with 'axillary thorns. Perhaps the spines are
either rameal or peduncular. Fruit unknown, and therefore the
genus to which they properly belong.
28 R. LEPTACA'NTHA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 410.) spines oppo-
site ; leaves broad-oval, acutish, glabrous on both surfaces, but
rather pilose when young as well as the branches ; peduncles
slender, equal in length to the leaves, or longer than them, bear-
ing 3-5 flowers at the apex. f? . S. Native of Cuba, about
the Havana, where it was collected by De la Ossa. Branches
slender, glabrous. Spines axillary, long, bearing rudiments of
leaves on one side. Peduncles an inch long. Segments of the
calyx subulate. Corolla 5 lines long.
Slender-spined Rondeletia. Shrub.
29 R. BRACHYACA'NTHA (D. C. 1. c.) spines opposite ; leaves
elliptic-oblong, acute at the base, and acuminated at the apex,
glabrous above, but villous beneath, as well as the branchlets,
peduncles, and flowers ; peduncles one half shorter than the
leaves, 3-4-flowered at the apex. T? . S. Native of Brazil.
Branches dotted by linear-oblong crowded warts. Spines
conical, stiff, forming a straight angle, spreading, 4-5 lines
long. Segments of the calyx subulate. Anthers inserted at
the throat.
Short-spined Rondeletia. Shrub.
•}• Species not sufficiently known.
30 R. PARVIFLO'RA (Poir. diet. 6. p. 252.) leaves oblong,
cuneated at the base, obtuse and acuminated at the apex, petio-
late, quite glabrous, coriaceous, paler beneath ; peduncles axil-
lary, opposite, corymbose, many-flowered. J? . S. Native of
Martinico. Veins of leaves black. Leaves 4 inches long and
2 broad. Stipulas ovate, acute, short. Bracteas glabrous
outside and hairy inside. Capsule globose. R. parviflora,
Spreng. syst. ex herb. Balb. appears to be a distinct plant from
the present.
Small-flowered Rondeletia. Shrub.
31 R. RHYNOHOSPORA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 395.) leaves oblong-elliptic, acute, on short petioles, pubescent
above and on the branches, but clothed with canescent tomen-
tum beneath ; panicles terminal ; seeds beaked at botli ends.
17 . S. Native of New Granada, near Honda. The flowers
are unknown.
Beaked-seeded Rondeletia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
32 R. ? DISPE'RMA (Jacq. amer. p. 59.) leaves oval, obtuse,
petiolate, glabrous ; racemes axillary, compound, loose, trifid ;
fruit somewhat baccate, 2-seeded. ^ • S. Native of South
America, in the woods of Carthagena, in rocky places ; very
frequent in the islands of Baru and Tierra Bomba. This plant
should probably be removed from the genus as well as from
the present tribe. Flowers sweet-scented, purplish white.
Perhaps a species of Cdnthium.
Two-seeded Rondeletia. Tree 15 feet.
33 R.? CORIA'CEA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 707. but not of Wall.)
leaves oval-oblong, coriaceous, shining above, but clothed with
very short velvety down beneath as well as on the branchlets ;
stipulas semi-orbicular, furnished with a pungent tooth in the
middle ; cymes terminal ; calyxes and corollas 5-parted, rather
hispid ; stamens exserted. Tj . S. Native of equinoxial Brazil.
Mussae'nda coriacea, Spreng. neu. entd. 2. p. 145. It is pro-
bable that the plant is neither a Mussce'nda nor a Rondeletia,
according to Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. vol. 4. p. 165., but
the structure of the fruit is entirely unknown.
Coriaceous-leaved Rondeletia. Shrub.
Cult. The species thrive well in a mixture of sand, loam,
and peat ; and cuttings of them are easily rooted if planted in
a pot of sand, plunged in heat under a hand-glass. All are
shrubs of very little beauty or interest.
LXV. WENDLA'NDIA (Henry Ludov. Wendland, Curator
of the botanic garden at Hanover, and author of Commentatio
de Acaciis Aphyllis). Bartl. ined. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 411. but
518
RUBIACE^E. LXV. WENDLAKDIA.
not of Willd. Rondeletia, Roxb. and Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 133.
but not of Plumier.
LIN. SYST. Tetra-Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an
almost globose tube, which is often striated, and a very short
permanent limb, which is 4-5-toothed to the base. Corolla
with a terete tube, which is longer than the calyx, and a spread-
ing 4-5-lobed limb ; lobes ovate, acutish. Stamens 4-5 ; fila-
ments rising from the top of the tube ; anthers oblong, exserted.
Style exserted ; stigma bifid, with the lobes thickish. Capsule
ovate-globose, 2-celled, crowned by the calyx, dehiscing at the
cells into 2 valves at the apex. Seeds small, numerous in each
cell. — Trees and shrubs, all natives of the East Indies. Leaves
opposite, coriaceous, oval, petiolate. Stipulas broad at the base,
acuminated. Panicles axillary and terminal, many-flowered.
Flowers small. — This genus differs from Rondeletia as Exos-
temma does from Cinchona.
§ 1. Pent&meree (from IT-CITE, pente, five, and fitpig, meris, a
part ; in allusion to the flowers being pentamerous). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 411. Calyx and corolla with 5-lobed limbs. Sta-
mens 5.
" Indian species.
1 W. PANICULA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 411.) arboreous ; leaves
almost sessile, oval-oblong, acuminated, smooth ; stipulas reni-
form, sometimes apiculated, at length recurved ; panicles ter-
minal and sub-axillary, f? . S. Native of the Malay islands.
Rondeletia paniculata, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 133. Flowers small,
white, very numerous. Bracteas of various forms and sizes, all
hairy. Calyx villous. Corolla glabrous, with revolute segments.
Panicled- flowered Wendlandia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1820. Tr.
2 W. TINCTO'RIA (D. C. 1. c.) arboreous ; leaves petiolate,
oblong-lanceolate, smooth above, but pubescent on the nerves
beneath, as well as on the branches, petioles, peduncles, and
calyxes ; stipulas triangular, cuspidate ; panicles terminal, de-
cussate ; flowers by threes. (j . S. Native of Bengal, about
Burdwan and Midnapoor. Rondeletia tinctoria, Roxb. fl. ind. 2.
p. 134. Leaves 4-6 inches long and 1-2 broad. Branches of
panicle 4-sided, hairy. Bracteas numerous, hairy, those of the
ultimate divisions of the panicle ensiform, with a hastate base.
Flowers numerous, small, white, almost sessile, fascicled. Seg-
ments of corolla spreading. The bark is employed as a mor-
dant by the natives in some of their dyes, and is called by them
Toola-lodh.
Dyers' Wendlandia. Tree.
3 W. NOTONIA'NA (Wall. cat. no. 2673.) shrub downy in
every part, except the corollas ; leaves elliptic or obovate-ob-
long, acuminated, pale beneath ; peduncles axillary and ter-
minal, disposed in terminal racemose thyrsoid panicles ; corolla
with a slender tube, much longer than the calyx, which is woolly ;
stipulas broad, rounded at the apex. T? . S. Native of the
East Indies, on the Nellighery mountains, where it was collected
by Noton. Ixora congests, Roxb. Flowers white, in clusters ?
Leaves usually 3 in a whorl.
Nolon's Wendlandia. Shrub or tree.
4 W. GLABRA'TA (D. C. 1. c.) arboreous ; leaves petiolate,
oblong-lanceolate, glabrous on both surfaces, as well as the pe-
tioles, branchlets, peduncles, and calyxes ; stipulas triangular,
cuspidate ; panicles terminal, decussate ; flowers by threes.
^ . S. Native of Java, on the mountains in woods. Ronde-
letia tinctoria, Blum, bijdr. p. 974. but differs from the plant
under the same name by Roxburgh, in its smoothness, and by
the flowers being distinctly pedicellate.
Glabrous Wendlandia. Tree.
5 W. NI'TENS (Wall. cat. no. 6271.) branchlets downy ; leaves
glabrous, elliptic-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, pale beneath ;
stipulas broad at the base, and cuspidate at the apex ; panicles
terminal, downy ; flowers almost sessile, in fascicles. ^ . S.
Native of Martaban, on the banks of the Atram. Flowers very
small.
Shining Wendlandia. Shrub or tree.
6 W. EXSE'RTA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 411.) arboreous; leaves
petiolate, broad-lanceolate, glabrous or downy above, pubes-
cent, or tomentose beneath ; stipulas semi-lunate, reflexed ;
panicles terminal, with spreading downy branches ; corolla sub-
campanulate. fy . S. Native of the interior parts of Bengal,
and particularly over the ruins of the ancient city of Gour ; and
of Nipaul. Rondeletia exserta, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 135. Rond.
thyrsiflora, Roth. nov. spec. 141. Rond. Heynei, Roam, et
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 234. and Rond. Oryssensis, Roth. nov. spec,
p. 142. ex Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 135. Branchlets villous. Leaves
4-6 inches long. Bracteas somewhat ensiform, varying much
in size. Flowers numerous, small, pure white, fragrant. Calyx
hoary. Segments of corolla recurved.
Exserted-stumened Wendlandia. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
7 W. PROXIMA (D. C. 1. c.) arboreous ; leaves elliptic, acu-
minated, clothed with tomentum beneath, as well as on the
branchlets ; panicles very hairy ; flowers very much crowded ;
limb of corolla .one half shorter than the tube; calycine teeth
obtuse, pilose. f? . S. Native of the east of Bengal, in Silhet.
Rondeletia proxima, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 139. Nearly
allied to W. exserta, but in that species the leaves are silky
beneath, and the branchlets are more canescent ; the limb of
the corolla is about equal in length to the tube ; the stigma is
bipartite, and the calycine teeth are ovate and acute.
Allied Wendlandia. Tree.
8 W. LIGUSTRINA (Wall. cat. no. 6272.) shrub glabrous in
every part ; leaves elliptic, tapering to both ends, shining above ;
stipulas broad at the base, and cuspidate at the apex ; teeth of
calyx subulate, much shorter than the tube, which is terete and
slender ; bracteas to the flowers linear. Tj . S. Native of the
Burmese empire, on Mount Taong-Dong. Flowers pedicellate,
white, disposed in terminal racemose panicles ; pedicels solitary.
Capsules hardly the size of coriander seeds.
Privet-like Wendlandia. Tree.
9 W. DENTIFLO'RA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 412.) arboreous ; leaves
petiolate, ovate-oblong, acuminate, acutish at the base, coria-
ceous, pubescent on the veins beneath ; panicle terminal, decus-
sate, densely clothed with tomentum ; flowers much crowded.
Jj . S. Native of Java, in the province of Cheribon, in woods
on the mountains of Tjerimai, where it is called Kissampang-
gunung. Rondeletia densiflora, Blum, bijdr. p. 974.
Tooth-flowered Wendlandia. Tree.
10 W. CINE'REA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 412.) arboreous ; the
upper parts clothed with ash-coloured dense tomentum ; leaves
lanceolate, petiolate, villous above and tomentose beneath ;
stipulas recurved at the apex ; panicles terminal, much branched,
tomentose ; flowers in dense fascicles ; corolla with a very short
tube. lj . S. Native of the valley of Nipaul, at Bunipa, and
at Bheempedi ; as also from Noakote and Shreenagur ; and is
called in the Newar language Gothina. Rondeletia cinerea, Wall,
in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 141. Branches quadrangular, with
rounded corners. Leaves 4-6 inches long, smooth above, glau-
cous beneath. Stipulas reniform, emarginate. Bracteas oblong,
caducous, sometimes lobed or sub-hastate at the base . the
lowermost ones very long, linear. Flowers numerous, small,
white. Teeth of calyx small, triangular. Segments of corolla
spreading ; throat furnished with 5 tubercles. Capsule glo-
bular, villous. The wood is brownish, close-grained, and seems
well adapted for furniture.
Grey Wendlandia. Tree 12 to 14 feet.
11 W. LUZONIE'NSIS (D. C. 1. c.) branches, petioles, and
RUBIACE^E. LXV. WENDLANDIA.
519
nerves of leaves hairy ; leaves oval-oblong, acuminated at both
- ends ; stipulas semi-orbicular, obtuse, permanent, coriaceous ;
panicle much branched, many-flowered, rather villous ; anthers
hardly exserted ; stigma bifid. b . S. Native of the island of
Luzon. Wendlandia multiflora, Bartl. in herb. Heenke. Allied
to Jl . pubfrula. Fruit hardly larger than turnip seed. Flowers
small, white
Luzon We.idlandia. Tree.
12 W. CO-.UA'CEA (D. C. 1. c.) arboreous, smooth in every part ;
leaves ^blong-lanceolate, acuminated, tapering at the base, pe-
tiolate, coriaceous, shining ; stipulas broad, short, rounded,
ending each in a cuspidate point : panicles dense, terminal, many-
flowered ; flowers opposite, very numerous. I? . S. Native of
Nipaul, in the valley, very common in the forest of Thoka, and
other places : and from Noakote. The tree is called Kongeea
in the Parbuteeyan language, and Julsi in that of Newar. Ron-
deletia coriacea, Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 142. D. Don, fl.
nep. p. 158. Leaves 5-7 inches long. Flowers white, fragrant.
Bracteas lanceolate, coriaceous, those of the flowers capillary.
Corolla with a cylindrical tube, and a spreading border. The
inhabitants of Nipaul use the wood of this tree for various pur-
poses, such as rafters, tools, &c. : it is close grained, and be-
comes of a brownish colour soon after being cut, not unlike
mahogany. A red dye is likewise prepared from it. The
leaves and flowers attain sometimes a bluish colour on being
dried.
Coriaceous-leaved Wendlandia. Tree 10 to 12 feet.
13 W. PUBE'RULA (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets, petioles, nerves of
leaves underneath, and panicles hairy ; leaves petiolate, oval-
oblong, acute at both ends, glabrous above ; stipulas adpressecl,
broad at the base, cuspidate at the apex ; panicle terminal,
branched, many-flowered; corollas glabrous; stigma clavate.
^ . S. Native of Nipaul. Allied to W. pendula, but differs
in the stipules being 4 times shorter, in the corolla being gla-
brous, &c.
Puberulous Wendlandia. Tree.
14 W. PE'NDULA (D. C. 1. c.) frutico^e ; branches pendulous ;
leaves lanceolate-ovate, acuminated, smooth above and rough
underneath ; stipulas lanceolate, adpressed, deciduous, rather
shorter than the petioles ; corymbs terminal, oblong, panicled ;
tube of corolla filiform, smooth without and pubescent within ;
segments of corolla recurved. Jj . S. Native of Nipaul, be-
tween Hetaunra and Rheempedi, also on Sheopore. Rondeletia
pendula, Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 140. A very elegant
shrub. Branches obscurely quadrangular ; new shoots downy.
Leaves 3-5 inches long, and disposed 3 in a whorl on the robust
shoots. Peduncles villous. Flowers fascicled, green, fragrant.
Stigma clavate.
Pe»rfM/o«s-branched Wendlandia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
15 W. MALAYA'NA ; branches somewhat tetragonal; leaves
elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated, downy on the nerves, tapering
to the base, membranous ; stipulas broad ; calyx with a round-
ish tube and a 5-cleft border ; corolla with a very slender tube,
and a spreading border ; panicles terminal, corymbose, hardly
longer than the petioles, fj . S. Native of the Malay islands.
Anderosacme Malayana, Wall. cat. no. 6282.
Malay Wendlandia. Shrub or tree.
16 W. LONGIFO'LIA (D. C. 1. c.) fruticose : epidermis falling
from the branches ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, tapering
at the base, villous underneath; stipulas lanceolate, erect,
acute, often bidentate, furnished within their broad base with a
series of subulate glands ; panicle many times trichotomous,
downy ; calyx downy, with a yellow gland on each margin of
the segments, and sometimes at the points ; bracteas villous,
glandular. ^ . S. Native of Silhet ; and of Nipaul, on Chun-
dagiri, Nagurjoon, and at the foot of Sheopore near Thoka. The
Bengalee name of the plant is Soopari. Rondeletia longif 61ia
Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 137. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p.
138. Anderosacme longif olia, Wall. cat. no. 6280. Leaves
6-14 inches long, dark green above. Bracteas with an entire or
3-lobed base, their margins marked with yellow subulate fleshy
glands. Flowers large, fleshy, yellow, scentless, with a valvate
aestivation. Segments of corolla spreading. Stamens inserted
in the bottom of the tube. Capsules round, smooth. All the
species of this genus vary considerably in the size of the leaves,
the degree of their pubescence, and in their inflorescence, which
renders their specific discrimination difficult.
Long-leaved Wendlandia. Shrub.
* * African species, nut sufficiently known.
1 7 W. SULCA'TA ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, gla-
brous, on short petioles ; stipulas sheath-formed, supra-folia-
ceous ; racemes panicled, terminal ; capsule round, sulcate.
J? . S. Native of Sierra Leone, in woods on the margins of
rivers. Shrub branched.
Furrowed- fruited Wendlandia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
18 W. PILO'SA ; leaves broad, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated,
cordate at the base, almost sessile ; stipulas large, sheath-
formed, supra-foliaceous, and are as well as the leaves pilose ;
racemes panicled, terminal ; capsules round. ^ . S. Native of
Sierra Leone, in woods on the banks of rivulets.
Hairy Wendlandia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
19 W. RACEMOSA ; glabrous in every part; leaves elliptic,
very long, acuminated, coriaceous, on short petioles ; stipulas
large, sheath-formed, supra-foliaceous ; racemes panicled, ter-
minal ; capsules ovate. fj . S. Native of Sierra Leone, in
woods on the banks of rivulets.
JKacemose-fioviered Wendlandia. Shrub.
20 W. VIRGA'TA : leaves oval, acuminated, petiolate ; panicles
axillary and terminal. V? . S. Native of Sierra Leone, on the
edges of woods. A branched twiggy shrub. Stamens 5, longer
than the corolla. Capsule 1-celled, many-seeded. Corolla
funnel-shaped.
Twiggy Wendlandia. Shrub.
§ 2. Tetrdmerce (from rtrpac, tetras, by fours, and fiepic, meris,
a part ; in reference to the flowers being tetramerous). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 412. Limb of calyx and corolla 4,-lobed. Stamens
4. — Doubtful species.
21 W. SPICA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 412.) leaves elliptic, taper-
ing downwards, villous, as also the panicle ; stipulas oblong, acute,
smooth, except the elevated rib, which is villous ; panicle large,
terminal, almost sessile, with opposite compressed peduncles :
the secondary divisions of the peduncle dichotomous, terminating
in cylindrical slender, twin, or ternate spikes, which are 2 inches
long; flowers disposed in one row along one side of the rachis
of the spike ; corolla pubescent, with a slender tube, widening
at the apex ; stigma of 2 recurved lobes. Tj . S. Native of
Pulo-Penang. Rondeletia spicata, Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2.
p. 139. Leaves 6-12 inches long. Bracteas lanceolate, sub-
hastate, acute. Flowers small. Capsule small, round, villous.
Seeds angular. Inflorescence like that of Tournefortia. Perhaps
a proper genus.
Spicate-ftowered Wendlandia. Shrub or tree.
22 W. TETRA'NDRA (D. C. 1. c.) shrubby ; branches tetra-
gonal, smooth ; leaves lanceolate, sessile, smooth ; stipulas pin-
natifid, ending each in a subulate point ; flowers axillary, glome-
rate, fj. S. Native of Pulo-Penang. Rondeletia tetrandra, Roxb.
fl. ind. 2. p. 136. Flowers mixed with many lanceolate-ciliated
bracteas. Capsule small, black, angular. Seeds numerous,
immersed in pits in the placentas. Perhaps a proper genus.
Tetrandrous-floviered Wendlandia. Shrub.
RUBIACE-iE. LXV. WENDLANDIA. LXVI. XANTHOPHYTUM. LXVII. CARPHALEA. LXVIII. SIPANEA.
520
23 W.? CORYMBO'SA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 413.) leaves obovate-
lanceolate ; peduncles for the most part terminal, dichotomously
corymbose ; flowers unilateral, tetrandrous. Tj . S. Native, of
Pulo-Penang. Rondeletia corymbdsa, Jack, in mal. misc. 1.
no. 1. p. 4. Corolla white, tinged with red. Perhaps a separate
genus.
Cor^m&ose-flowered Wendlandlia. Tree.
24 W. WIGHTIA'NA (Wall. cat. no. 6277.) young branches
downy ; leaves obovate-oblong, rather acuminate at the apex,
tapering much to the base, glabrous; panicle trichotomous ;
flowers small, sessile, tetrandrous, disposed in a single row, on
the upper side of the branches of the panicle. f? . S. Native
of the East Indies. Tournefortia, herb. Wight. Leaves 1 to
1^ foot long. Stipulas broad, membranous. Very like W.
corymbosa.
Wight's Wendlandia. Shrub or tree.
25 W. ? LAWSO'NLS: (D. C. I.e.) sub-arboreous; branchlets
quadrangular ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; corymbs
terminal, trichotomous ; fruit oblong. Tj . S. Native of Ma-
labar. Poutaletsje, Rheed. mal. 4. t. 57. Petesia species, ex
Juss. Ligustrum species, ex Comm. Lawsonia purpurea, Lam.
diet. 3. p. 107. Barsoti, anc. enclycl., where the fruit is said
to be baccate, but in the figure the fruit is drawn capsular and
many-seeded, it is therefore more likely to be a species of
Wendlandia than Petesia.
Larvson's Wendlandia. Tree.
"j" A species hardly known.
26 W. ? SCA'NDENS ; shrubby, scandent, smooth ; leaves
opposite, petiolate, oblong, entire ; panicles axillary, small,
brachiate ; capsules globular ; seeds small, numerous. ^ . S.
Native of the Mauritius. Rondeletia scandens, Roxb. fl. ind. 2.
p. 137.
Climbing Wendlandia. Shrub cl.
Cull. See Rondelelia, p. 517. for culture and propagation.
LXVI. XANTHOPHYTUM (from 4a,<60£, xanthos, yellow,
and ibvTor, phyton, a plant ; so called from the first species being
clothed with rufous villi). Blum, bijdr. p. 989. A. Rich,
mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 275. D. C. prod. 4. p. 413.
LIN. SYST. Tetra-Pentdndria, Mnnogynia. Calyx with an
ovate tube and a 4-5-cleft limb. Corolla funnel-shaped, with
a short tube, a villous throat, and a 4-5-cleft limb. Stamens
4-5, exserted ; filaments inserted in the throat, connivent. Style
sub-clavate, perforating the disk of the ovarium ; stigma thick,
2-lobed, in the throat. Drupe didymous, crowned by the
calyx, divisible into 2 many-seeded parts or cells. Placentas pro-
minent, fixed to the middle dissepiment on both sides. Seeds
minute, angular, wingless. — This genus is nearly allied to WenA-
Idndia, but differs in the fruit not being dehiscent.
1 X. FRUTICULO'SUM (Reinw. in Blum, bijdr. p. 989.) suffru-
ticose, clothed with rufous villi ; leaves oblong-lanceolate ;
stipulas bifid ; peduncles axillary, trichotomous, many-flowered,
fj . S. Native of the islands of Java and Nusse-Kambanga, on
the mountains, among bushes. Branches, peduncles, calyxes,
and lower surfaces of leaves clothed with adpressed rufous
silky villi. Stipulas large, deciduous.
Shrubby Xanthophytum. Shrub.
i X. SPICA'TUM (Blum, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 413.)
suffruticose, glabrous, erect ; leaves oblong, acuminated at both
ends ; spikes axillary and terminal, nutant ; flowers in heaps.
>2 . S. Native of Java, especially on calcareous mountains.
Chiococca spicata, Blum, bijdr. p. 958. Berries small, inde-
hiscent, dry, didymous, striated. Seeds small, not winged.
Stipulas twin on both sides, subulate at the apex, combined into
a short sheath at the base. Spikes slender, elongated.
1
Spicate-Rowered Xanthophytum. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Rondeletia, p. 517.
LXVII. CARPHA'LEA (from KapQaXios, carphaleos, dry ;
the shrub is stiff" and dry). Juss. gen. p. 198. mem. mus. 6.
]). 383. Lam. ill. t. 59. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5.
p. 274. D. C. prod. 4. p. 413.
LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx with a turbinate
tube, and a 4-parted limb ; lobes large, oval-oblong, rather spa-
tulate, scarious, permanent. Corolla with a long filiform tube,
a ventricose throat, which is hairy inside, and a 4-parted limb ;
lobes oblong, acute. Anthers almost sessile, inclosed, oblong.
Stigma 1 (ex Juss.), but slender and bifid according to La-
marck's figure. Capsule crowned by the calyx, 2-celled, de-
hiscing at the cells : valves semi-septiferous. Seeds many in
each cell. — A dry stiff" shrub, with the habit of Senssa, and
leaves like those of hyssop. Leaves sessile, linear, acute.
Stipulas unknown. Flowers terminal (ex Lam.) ; capitate (ex
Juss.); corymbose. — It is doubtful which place this genus
should occupy in the order, both the seeds and stipulas being
unknown.
1 C. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (Lam. ill. 1. p. 258. t. 59.). fj . S.
Native of Madagascar. Poir. suppl. 2. p. 119. C. corym-
bosa, Willd. spec. 1. p. 585.
Madagascar Carphalea. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Rondeletia, p. 517.
LXVIII. SIPA'NEA (Aublet does not give the meaning of
this name). Aubl. guian. (1775.) 1. p. 147. t. 56. H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 397. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist.
nat. par. 5. p. 275. D. C. prod. 4. p. 414. —Virecta, Lin. fil.
suppl. (1781.) p. 17. Vahl. eclog. 2. p. 211. Gsertn. fil.
carp. 3. p. 31. t. 184. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 385. — Sipanea
and Virecta, 1'ers. ench. 1. p. 205. — Rcem. et Schuites, syst. 5.
p. 2. no. 853-856.
LIN. SYST. Penlandria, Monogynia. Calyx with a turbi-
nate tube, and a 5-parted limb ; lobes lanceolate-subulate, per-
manent. Corolla with a terete tube, about 3 times longer than
the lobes of the calyx, a bearded throat, and a 5-parted
limb ; segments ovate. Anthers 5, sessile, inclosed. Stigma
bifid, acute. Capsule almost globose, crowned by the calyx,
2-celled, dehiscing at the cells into 2 valves. Placentas central,
rather fleshy. Seeds very numerous, wingless, very minutely
tuberculated. — Annual green herbs. Leaves ovate. Stipulas
linear, acuminated, solitary on both sides. Flowers axillary
and terminal. — This genus is nearly allied to Rondeletia.
1 S. PRATE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 147. t. 56.) stems creep-
ing at the base ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, rather scabrous, ciliated
at the base ; flowers sessile, almost terminal, sub-corymbose.
Q. S. Native of Cayenne. Poir. diet. 7. p. 199. Cham, et
Schlecht. ex Linnsea. 4. p. 166. with a good description. Vi-
recta pratensis, Vahl. eclog. amer. 2. p. 11. Corolla rose-
coloured, with a bearded throat. Stem rather villous. The
plant is used in Guiana in astringent ptisans, and in the cure of
gonorrhoea; and a decoction of it is used to wash ulcers and
other sores.
Field Sipanea. PI. creeping, 2 feet.
2 S. DICHOTOMA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 397.)
stem tetragonal ; leaves lanceolate, clothed with silky villi on
both surfaces ; panicle terminal, dichotomous. Q. H. Native
of South America, in humid places near Atures, at the cataract
of the Orinoco. Corolla rose coloured, pilose on the outside,
with a bearded throat. Virecta dichotoma, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 702. Ptychodea dichotoma. Willd. herb, ex Cham, et Schlect.
in Linnsea. 4. p. 16C. Stem villous, branched.
Dichotomous Sipanea. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
RUBIACE^E. LXVIII. SIPANEA. LXIX. VIRECTA. LXX. OPHIORHIZA.
521
3 S. GLOMERA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 398.)
stems unknown ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, clothed with silky
tomentum on both surfaces, with undulated margins ; flowers
glomerate, terminal, and axillary. I/ . S. Native on the banks
of the Orinoco, between Atures and Carichana, in inundated
places. Virficta glomerata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 702. Ptychodea
sessiliflora, Willd. herb, ex Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. Corolla
yellow, with a silky tube, which is 4 times longer than the
calyx.
Glomerate- flowered Sipanea. PI. creeping ?
4 S. BIFLORA (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 134.) stem creeping; leaves
ovate, obtuse ; peduncles terminal, rising from the forks of the
branches, 2-flowered. O- S. Native of Surinam and Brazil,
in humid places. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 168.
Rondeletia biflora, Rottb. pi. sur. 7. t. 2. f. 2. A. Rich. mem.
soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 271. Virecta virens, Vahl. symb. 2.
p. 38. Gaertn. fil. carp. t. 184. There is a tooth between each
of the calycine lobes, according to Lin. fil., but according to
Gaertn. there are none ; but in the specimens examined there
are 5 subulate teeth, and 5 minute ones between these.
Tivo-florvered Sipanea. PI. creeping.
Cult. The species of this genus possess no beauty, and
are therefore only worth cultivating in botanical gardens. The
seeds should be sown in spring, on a hot-bed, and the plants, when
of sufficient size, should be planted into separate pots, and shifted
from size to size of pots as they grow.
LXIX. VIRE'CTA (from virectum, a green place ; from the
agreeable greenness of the leaves). D. C. prod. 4. p. 414. —
Virecta species, Smith, but not of Lin. fil. — Sipanea species, A.
Rich. ? — Phyteumoldes, Smeathmann, in herb. L'Her.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
short tube, and 5 linear-setaceous lobes. Corolla funnel-shaped,
with aji obconical tube, about equal in length to the lobes of
the calyx, a naked throat, and 5 linear-oblong ciliated lobes.
Stamens 5 : having the filaments much exserted beyond the
throat ; anthers linear, oscillatory, bifid at the base. Style fili-
form, equal in length to the stamens. Stigma hardly thickened,
undivided. Capsule globose, crowned by the calycine lobes in
the young state, but almost naked in the adult state, 2-celled,
and at length dehiscing at the cells. Seeds innumerable, 4-5-
sided, and a little muricated. — Hairy herbs, with opposite
branches. Leaves opposite, oval-oblong. Stipulas twin on each
side, lanceolate. Flowers white or yellow, disposed in dense cy-
mose corymbs: branchlets of cyme elongated after flowering. —
This genus is nearly allied to Sipanea, but differs in the genitals
being exserted ; it differs also from Hedybtis in the quinary
number of the floral parts, and in the exserted stamens, &c.
1 V. MULTIFLORA (Smith, in Rees's cycl. no. 4.) stem erect ;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, almost sessile. — Native of Sierra Leone,
where it was collected by Smeathmann. Phyteumoides hirsuta,
Smeathm. in herb. L'Her. Perhaps Sipanea angustifolia, A.
Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 276. is the same as the
present plant. Flowers white.
Many-flowered Virecta. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
2 V. PROCU'MBENS (Smith, 1. c. no. 2.) stem procumbent ;
leaves ovate, 3 times longer than the petioles. % . S. Native
of Sierra Leone.
Procumbent Virecta. PI. procumbent.
3 V. LU'TEA ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, hairy ;
pedicels aggregate, axillary ; calyx 5-toothed ; corolla tubular,
5-cleft, hairy. I/ . S. Native of Sierra Leone, in cultivated
places. Flowers yellow. Habit of Lithosptrmum. Perhaps
the same as V. procumbens.
Yellow-fi.ou/ered Virecta. PI. rambling.
4 V, ELA'TIOR (D. C. prod. 4. p. 415.) leaves oval-lanceolate,
VOL. III.
rounded at the base and abruptly petiolate, acute at the apex,
smoothish ; flowers terminal, almost aggregate ; calycine seg-
ments very unequal, smoothish ; tube of corolla very long.
I/ . S. Native of Angola, in south-western Africa. Sipanea
elatior, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 276.
Taller Virecta. PL
5 V.? PANICULA'TA ; suffruticose, branched, clothed with
brown or copper-coloured hairs ; leaves oval-lanceolate ; co-
rymbs panicled, axillary, and terminal. \ . S. Native of Sierra
Leone, on the mountains. Flowers small, greenish.
Panicled-fiowered Virecta. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Sipanea above.
LXX. OPHIORHPZA (from o<£<e, ophis, a snake, and p<£a.
rhiza, a root ; used for the cure of the bite of the riband snake).
Lin. fl. zeyl. no. 402. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 264. t. 55. R. Br.
prod. 1. p. 450. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 1823.
vol. l.p. 67. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 554. Blum, bijdr. p. 976.
D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 135. D. C. prod. 4. p. 415.— Ophio-
rhiza species, Lin. gen. no. 210. and others.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia, Calyx with a short
turbinate tube, which is adnate to the ovarium at the base, and
a 5-cleft permanent limb. Corolla tubularly funnel-shaped, 3-
times longer than the limb of the calyx, hairy inside ; with 5
ovate segments. Stamens 5, inclosed. Style filiform, girded
by an urceolus at the base ; stigma 2-lobed, shorter than the
corolla. Capsule broad, compressed, 2-lobed, almost mitre-
formed, crowned by the calycine teeth, internally divided
into 2 cells by a transverse partition, opening between the
remains of the 2 fleshy nectareal lips, or by a transverse chink
round the apex. Seeds numerous, small, hexagonal. Embryo
straight, slender, in fleshy or rather horny albumen. — Dwarf
perennial herbs, natives of the East Indies. Leaves opposite,
petiolate, membranous, those opposite each other often unequal
in size. Stipulas twin on each side, small. Peduncles axillary
and terminal, solitary, cymose at the apex, with sub-umbellate
branches. Flowers disposed along the branches of the pedun-
cles in a single unilateral row.
1 O. MU'NGOS (Lin. amcen. 2. p. 117. spec. 213. mat. med.
27. with a bad figure, but not of Burm.) suffruticose; leaves
elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, glabrous, papery ;
Stipulas small, truncate ; cymes pedunculate, terminal, branched ;
tube of corolla short, funnel-shaped. If.. S. Native of Java,
Ceylon, Sumatra, Pulo Penang, &c. Blum, bijdr. p. 976. Roxb.
fl. ind. 2. p. 544. Gaertn. fr. 1. t. 55.? A. Rich. 1. c. t. 2.
Radix. Mungo. Kcempf. amcen. 573. and 577. Stipulas a slight
connecting membrane. Nectary a 2-lipped terminal body, sur-
rounding the base of the style. Flowers white. The root is
very bitter, and is celebrated as an alexiteric, the trunk of which
is horizontal, and the fibres perpendicular. The plant is called
in Ceylon Ekamerya and Naghawalli, from nagha, the riband-
snake, for the bite of which it is accounted a specific.
Mungos' Snake-root. Fl. May, Dec. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
2 O. BRACTEOLA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 6228.) stem ascending,
villous above, simple, or a little branched ; leaves unequal in
size in each pair, as is the case in most of the species ; Stipulas
ensiform, pubescent; common peduncles slender, villous, from
3-5 inches long. I/ . S. Native of the valley of Nipaul, in dark
moist situations.
Bracteolate Snake-root. PI. 1 foot.
3 O. OBLONGIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 415.) suffruticose,
downy at the apex as well as on the peduncles ; leaves ob-
long, bluntish, attenuated at the base, glabrous above, pale and
rather velvety beneath ; Stipulas small, triangular, acute ; cymes
pedunculate, branched ; tube of corolla short. J? . ? It . ? S.
3X
522
RUBIACEjE. LXX. OPHIORHIZA.
Native of the Island of Luzon, one of the Philippines. O.
Mungos, Bartl. in herb. Hsenke. Herb hardly a hand high,
erect, suffruticose at the base, and throwing out a few roots
from the lower part.
Oblong-leaved Snake-root. Shrub £ foot.
4 O. VILLO'SA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 546.) stem suffruticose,
erect, villous ; leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate, villous on the
veins beneath ; stipulas ensiform, villous ; cymes or corymbs
terminal, on long peduncles, villous ; corolla funnel-shaped.
11 . S. Native of Chittagong and Silhet, on the hills in shaded
moist places. O. Mungos, Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 264. t. 55.?
ex Roxb. Corymbs almost globular, with numerous white
almost sessile flowers, and recurved branches. Urceplus bila-
biate, surrounding the base of the style. Capsule opening round
the apex.
Villous Snake-root. PI. £ foot.
5 O. ARGE'NTEA (Wall. cat. no. 6229.) suffruticose; stem
hispid ; leaves ovate, acuminated, tapering at the base, glabrous,
green above and white beneath; peduncles axillary and ter-
minal, trichotomous at the apex ; tube of corolla longer than in
0. villosa. Jj . S. Native of Silhet and Chittagong. O. vil-
losa, Wall, but not of Roxb. Peduncles downy.
Silvery Snake-root. PI. •§• to 1 foot.
6 O. MARGINALIA (Blum, bijdr. p. 976.) stem suffruticose,
erect ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, glabrous,
except the margins, which are scabrous ; stipulas semi-lanceo-
late, small, acuminated ; cymes or corymbs pedunculate, ter-
minal, almost trifid ; corolla funnel-shaped, with an angular
tube. Tf., S. Native of Java, on Mount Tjerimai. Allied to
O. Mungos, but differs in the flowers being larger and in the
stipulas being subulate at the apex.
Marginate-leaved. Snake-root. PI. -j to 1 foot.
7 O. FASCICULA'TA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 136.) stem
suffruticose, erect, branched ; leaves elliptic, acuminated, gla-
brous above and downy beneath ; flowers in terminal fascicles ;
calycine segments ovate, acute, tj . S. Native of Nipaul, in
moist shaded places, near Suembu. Virecta fasciculata, and
O. suffruticosa, Hamilt. mss. Differs from O. Mungos in the
leaves being downy beneath, and in the flowers being in ter-
minal fascicles.
Fascicled- flowered Snake-root. PI. ^ foot.
8 O. RUGOSA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 547.) stems herba-
ceous, creeping at the base, and ascending at the apex, villous ;
leaves elliptic-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, shining, ru-
gose and rather scabrous above, paler beneath and rather downy
along the veins ; stipulas semi-lanceolate, acuminated ; cymes or
terminal corymbs pedunculate, bifid or trifid, equalling the
uppermost pair of leaves. "%.. S. Native of Nipaul, in forests,
on Shivapoor and other high mountains near the valley ; and of
Java, on Mount Gede in woods. Blum, bijdr. p. 976. Root
consisting of a number of long pink-coloured fibres. Petioles
villous. Peduncles furnished with 2 subulate bracteas about the
middle, villous. Flowers white, downy, twin, the one sessile,
and the other pedicellate. Urceolus 2-lobed.
Wrinkled-leaved Ophiorhiza. PI. |. to 2 feet.
9 O. DI'SCOLOR (R. Br. in Wall. cat. no. 6232.) leaves ellip-
tic-oblong, much acuminated, tapering to the base, glabrous,
green above, and reddish beneath ; stems and peduncles downy ;
peduncles terminal, corymbose, trichotomously branched. Tj . S.
Native of Penang. O. Mungos, Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p.
547. O. corymbosa, Hamilt. herb.
Discoloured-\eaved Snake-root. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
10 O. CANE'SCENS (Blum, bijdr. p. 977.) stems herbaceous ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, whitish be-
neath, and rather downy along the veins ; stipulas broad, short,
subulate at the apex ; cymes on short peduncles, terminal, and
axillary, naked, usually quadrifid ; stamens about equal in length
to the tube of the corolla. 2/ . S. Native of Java, on the
mountains of Seribu, in shady places. Allied to O. rugosa, but
is distinguished from it in the cymes being naked.
Canescent Snake-root. PI. | to 1 foot.
11 O. TRICHOCA'RPA (Blum, bijdr. p. 977.) stems herbaceous,
tomentose ; leaves on short petioles, ovate-lanceolate, acutish,
rather downy on the veins beneath ; capsules downy ; stipulas
subulate ; cymes pedunculate, axillary, and terminal, dichoto-
mous. I/. H. Native of the islands of Java and Nusa-Kam-
banga. Said to be nearly allied to 0. villosa.
Hairy-fruited Snake-root. PI. -j to 1 foot.
12 O. LONGIFLORA (Blum, bijdr. p. 977.) stem suffruticose ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, hairy beneath ;
stipulas semi-lanceolate, acuminated ; cymes pedunculate, ter-
minal, loose-flowered ; tube of corolla very long, velvety. Tj .
S. Native of Java, on Mount Gede, in woods near the top.
Long-flowered Snake-root. Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
13 O. SANGUINEA (Blum, bijdr. p. 977.) stem herbaceous;
leaves ovate or elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated, rather oblique at
the base, glabrous ; stipulas foliaceous, ovate-oblong, bifid ;
cymes pedunculate, terminal. I/. S. Native of Java, on the
mountains in shady places. Leaves reticulately veined in the
dry state ; the veins blood coloured,
B/oody-vemed Snake-root. PI. | to 1 foot.
14 O. NEGLE'CTA (Blum. herb, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 416.) stem
herbaceous, erect, dark purple, glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, acuminated, pale beneath ; peduncles axillary, clothed with
rusty down ; cymes bifid or quadrifid, having the branchlets
elongated. ^.? S. Native of Java. Nerves of leaves pur-
plish beneath. Stipulas deciduous.
Neglected Snake-root. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
15 O. QUADRI'FIDA (Blum, bijdr. p. 977.) stem herbaceous ;
leaves ovate or oblong, acute at both ends, smooth, with simple
veins ; stipulas linear, obtuse ; cymes pedunculate, axillary, and
terminal, usually quadrifid. TJ. . S. Native of Java, in shady
mountain woods.
Quadrifid-cymed Snake-root. PI. £ to 1 foot.
16 O. JAPONICA (Blum, bijdr. 977.) stem herbaceous, radi-
cant; leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, roughish above, and
downy on the veins beneath ; corymbs terminal, pedunculate,
dichotomous ; corolla funnel-shaped, with a very long tube, and
having the segments hairy inside. Tf.. G. Native of Japan, where
it was collected by Siebold.
Japan Snake-root. PI. ^ foot.
17 O. PROSTRA'TA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 13C.) stem pros-
trate, radicant, downy ; leaves ovate or elliptic, rough above, and
downy beneath ; calycine segments oblong. T£ . G. Native of
Nipaul, at Narainhetty. Virecta? prostrata, Hamilt. mss. Dif-
fers from O. Mungos in the plant being smaller, and more pubes-
cent, and in the stems being radicant.
Prostrate Snake-root. PI. prostrate.
ISO. TOMENTOSA (Jack, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 546.) the
whole plant is clothed with very soft villi ; stem herbaceous,
erect, branched ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, finely acuminated, on
longish petioles, villous and hoary underneath, with reddish
veins ; stipulas subulate ; cymes pedunculate, terminal. Jj . S.
Native of the islands of Pulo-Penang and Sumatra, on the hills.
Stem reddish. Petioles villous. Flowers almost sessile. Pe-
duncles and calyxes tomentose. Corollas white. Urceolus bi-
labiate, glandular. Very like 0. bracteolata.
Tomentose Snake-root. PI. 1 foot.
19 O. ERUBE'SCENS (Wall. cat. no. 6233.) stem clothed with
rusty down at the top ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated,
tapering at the base, glabrous above, and downy beneath ; sti-
pulas broad at the base, and cuspidate at the apex ; flowers ter-
RUBIACE.E. LXX. OPHIORHIZA. LXXI. ARGOSTEMMA.
523
niinal, corymbose, f; . S. Native of the East Indies, at Chep-
padong.
Reddish Snake-root. Shrub 1 foot.
20 O. HISPI'DULA (Wall. cat. no. 6234.) stem and petioles
downy : leaves elliptic, tapering to both ends ; peduncles ter-
minal, downy, corymbose, dichotomously branched ; capsules
downy. T? . S. Native of the East Indies, at Tavoy.
Hispid Snake-root. Shrub |- to -| foot.
21 O. HETEROPHY'LLA (Jack, mal. misc. 2. no. 7. p. 85. Wall,
in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 547.) stem erect, tomentose ; leaves
roundish-ovate, those opposite each other very unequal in size ;
cymes small, terminal, Jj . S. Native of Sumatra, in the interior
of the island. Leaves with a bluntish acumen, smooth, pale, and
whitish beneath. Capsules compressed, obcordate.
Variable-leaved Snake-root. PI. £ to 1 foot.
22 O. ACUMINA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 416.) stem suffruticose,
clothed with rufous velvety down above, as well as the petioles ;
leaves lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous, velvety on the nerves
beneath ; stipulas broad at the base, and awned by a bristle at
the apex ; cymes pedunculate, of 5 velvety branches. T? . S.
Native of the island of Luzon, at Sorzogon. O. subumbellata,
Bartl. in herb. Haenke. Perhaps the same as O. subumbellata,
Forst.
Acuminated-leaved Snake-root. Shrub.
23 O. RICHARDIA'NA (Gaud, in Freyc. voy. p. 473. t. 97.)
plant suffruticose, quite glabrous ; leaves oblong, much acumi-
nated at both ends, petiolate, with smooth margins ; corymbs
terminal, on short peduncles, trifid or quadrifid ; tube of corolla
short ; calycine teeth very short. J? . S. Native of the Mo-
luccas.
Richard's Snake-root. Shrub -J to 1 foot.
24 O. PERPUSI'LLA (Blum. herb, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 417.)
stem erect, dwarf, simple ; leaves elliptic, glabrous ; flower ter-
minal, solitary, nutant, on a short pedicel ; corolla funnel-shaped,
glabrous; calycine teeth obtuse. 11. S. Native of Java. Herb
hardly an inch long. Fruit unknown.
Smallest Snake-root. PI. 1 inch.
25 O. HARRISONII (Heyne, ex Wall. cat. no. 6236.) stem,
petioles, peduncles, and nerves of leaves on the under side
downy ; leaves ovate or roundish-ovate, acutish, glabrous and
green above, and pale beneath ; peduncles terminal, corymbose,
and dichotomously branched at the apex. If. . S. Native of
the East Indies. Root creeping much.
Harrison's Snake-root. PI. i to 1 foot.
26 O. ? GEMINA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 6237.) stem, petioles, pe-
duncles, and nerves on the under surface of the leaves, downy ;
leaves large, obovate-oblong, tapering much at the base, and
running down the petioles, and acute at the apex, glabrous and
green above, but pale or reddish beneath ; peduncles long, ter-
minal, racemose. f; • S. Native of the East Indies, in Silhet
and Gualpara. Dentella ? geminata, Herb. Ham. Root creep-
ing. Stem dwarf. Racemes numerous, crowded, secund, alter-
nate, short, recurved, on each peduncle. Perhaps a proper
genus.
Twin Snake-root. PI. \ to 1 foot.
f A doubtful species.
27 O. ? SUBUMBELLA'TA (Forst. prod. no. 66.) stem shrubby;
leaves lanceolate, acute ; umbels axillary, trifid. fj . S. Native
of the island of Otahiti.
Subumbellate-fiowered Snake-root. Shrub.
Cult, The species of Snake-root will grow in a mixture of
loam, sand, and peat ; and they may either be increased by cut-
tings under a hand-glass in heat, or by seeds.
LXXI. ARGOSTE'MMA (from apyog, argos, white, and
ia, stemma, a crown ; in reference to the terminal racemes
or umbels of snow white flowers). Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p.
324. Blum. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 417. — Pomangium, Reinw.
ex Blum.
LIN. SYST. Tri-Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a short
obconical tube, and a 3-4-5-cleft limb : lobes acute, valvate in
aestivation. Corolla rotate, spreading, with a 3-5, rarely with a
3-4-parted limb. Stamens alternating with the lobes of the
corolla. Anthers large, exserted, cohering at the apex. Style
perforating a fleshy disk ; stigma globose. Capsule crowned by
the calyx and an opercular disk, 2-celled, dehiscing in a ra-
diant manner at the apex ; receptacles convex, adnate to the dis-
sepiment. Seeds numerous, angular.- — Herbs, for the most part
hairy from short down. Leaves quite entire, opposite, one
usually smaller than the other, rarely verticillate. Stipulas foli-
aceous, ovate, solitary on both sides. Peduncles terminal, and
almost axillary, bearing fascicled umbels of flowers at the apex,
very rarely only one flower. Flowers white. The species of
this genus have the habit of those of Ophiorhiza.
1 A. sARMENio'stTM (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 324.) plant
rather villous, creeping at the base, and stoloniferous, the upper
part of the stem erect ; leaves ovate, obtuse, almost sessile,
downy above, and villous on the nerves beneath, in two approxi-
mate pairs ; flowers 3 or 4-parted, disposed in a terminal umbel
or corymb-formed raceme. \i . S. Native of the East Indies,
on rocks on the hills at Schukragiri, near Rujmahul ; and of
Nipaul, on the mountains to the northward of the valley on the
route to Gosaingsthan. Stem and leaves rather pubescent.
Flowers snow white. Corolla 5 times longer than the calyx.
Leaves at end of stem.
Sarmentose Argostemma. PI. -| foot.
2 A. VERTICILLA'TUM (Wall. 1. c. p. 325.) plant erect, downy,
and tufted ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, rather falcate ;
peduncles 2-3, rarely solitary, bearing a few umbellate flowers
each ; flowers 4-5-parted. i/ . S. Native of Nipaul, on rocks
at Moreko in the valley. Root fleshy, and almost tuberous.
Stems furnished with a pair or two of lanceolate connate scales.
Leaves ciliated. Flowers snow white, rather smaller than those
of the preceding species. The mouth of the corolla is marked
with 10 minute tubercles, alternately receiving the basis of the
filaments. Ovarium smooth. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 80. t. 185.
Whorled-]eaved Argostemma. PI. 4 inches.
3 A. ROSTRA'TUM (Wall. 1. c. p. 326.) plant erect, smooth;
leaves in 2-4 approximate pairs, narrow-lanceolate, acuminated,
petiolate ; stipulas ovate, recurved, permanent ; umbels pedun-
culate, terminal, many flowered ; segments of corolla and tube of
the anthers acuminated. Tf. . S. Native of the East Indies, on
the Pundua mountains near Silhet. Stem furnished with several
remote pairs of lanceolate-ciliated stipulas : the upper ones be-
coming enlarged and foliaeeous. Pedicels an inch long, clavate,
a little ventricose above the middle. Corollas white, nearly an
inch in diameter. Habit of Trientdlis Europce'a.
Beaked-znthered Argostemma. PL £ to £ foot.
4 A. PI'CTUM (Wall. 1. c. p. 327.) plant glabrous ; stem short ;
leaves smooth, ovate, subcordate, painted with reticulated white
nerves, on very short petioles ; umbels terminal, pedunculate,
many flowered ; flowers pentandrous. 2/ . S. Native of Pulo-
Penang, growing on rocks near the water-fall. Leaves only 2,
or in 2 remote pairs, slightly ciliated. Peduncle simple, or
having 2 opposite branches, each bearing a round umbel of many
small flowers. Unripe berry as large as a coriander seed,
smooth.
Painted-\eaved Argostemma. PI. 1 to 2 inches.
5 A. BORRAGI'NEUM (Blum. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 417.)
stem creeping at the base, but erect above, and scabrous at the
apex ; leaves elliptic, acute at both ends, petiolate, with a few
3x2
524
RUBIACEjE. LXXII. SPIRADICLIS. LXXIII. TULA. LXXIV. DENTELLA. LXXV. DEPPEA, &c.
scattered hairs above, but more crowded on the nerves beneath,
and on the petioles ; umbels pedunculate, terminal, subtrifid ;
flowers pentamerous, at length secund. ©. S. Native of Java,
in mountain woods in humid places. Stem 4-6 inches long.
Leaves 4-6 along each stem.
Borrage-llke Argostemma. PL £ foot.
6 A. MONTA'NUM (Blum. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 418.) stem
tomentosely hairy, ascending ; leaves ovate, acuminated, ciliated,
petiolate, beset with scattered hairs above, and with bristle-
like hairs on the nerves beneath ; umbel terminal, pedunculate,
bracteated, 5-6-flowered. — Native of Java. Pomangium mon-
tanum, Blum. mss. Stem branched a little, 3-4 inches long.
Leaves 10-12 on each stem, disposed in nearly equal distant
pairs. Peduncles hardly longer than the leaves.
Mountain Argostemma. PL j foot.
7 A. PAUCIFLO'RUM (Blum, mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 418.)
stem creeping at the bottom, but branched, and rather scabrous
above ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, tapering a little at the
base, hairy ; umbels pedunculate, shorter than the leaves, ter-
minal, subtrifid, few-flowered, fy . S. Native of Java, on
Mount Salak in shady places. Leaves 16-20 on each plant,
membranous, pale beneath. Flowers white, smaller than those
of the preceding species.
Few-flowered Argostemma. PL ^ foot.
8 A. UNIFLORUM (Blum, mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 418.) stem
creeping below, clothed with hairy pubescence ; leaves opposite,
very unequal, one of which in each pair hardly exceeds a sti-
pula in size, the other is lanceolate, with an unequal base, rather
pilose; peduncle terminal, 1-flowered. Q. S. Native of Java,
in woods on the higher mountains.
One-flowered Argostemma. PL creeping.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Ophiorhiza, p. 523.
The species are all remarkable in their appearance.
LXXII. SPIRADI'CLIS (from airtipa, speira, a spire, and
-\(c, diclis, valves with folding doors ; in allusion to the valves
being divided into 2 parts, and also twisted at the apex). Blum,
bijdr. p. 975. D. C. prod. 4. p. 418.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an oblong
turbinate tube, and a 5-toothed limb. Corolla with a short
tube, and a 5-parted spreading limb. Stamens 5, inclosed.
Style girded by 4 glands ; stigma 2-lobed in the throat. Capsule
oblong, crowned by the calyx, 2-celled, 2-valved ; valves bipar-
tite, at length twisted. Seeds numerous, angular. — This genus
is nearly allied to Tula, with the tufted habit of Nertera.
Leaves opposite, ovate, rather undulated, glabrous. Spikes ter-
minal and lateral, few-flowered. Flowers small, secund, each
furnished with one bractea.
1 S. C/ESPITOSA (Blum. 1. c.) — Native of Java, at the foot of
Mount Salak in humid places.
Tufted Spiradiclis. PL tufted.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Tula below.
LXXIII. TU'LA (like the rest of Adanson's names this is
also probably without a meaning). Adans. fam. £. p. 500. Juss.
mem. mus. 6. p. 385. Roam, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 25. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 418.
LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx 5-toothed.
Corolla with an oblong tube, and a 5-cleft blunt toothed curled
limb. Anthers inclosed. Capsule 2-celled ; cells many seeded.
— A small procumbent branched tufted herb. Leaves reniform,
petiolate. Pedicels axillary, short, 1-flowered. This genus was
alone known to Feuillee, and is therefore very doubtful. Habit of
Nertera, but differing in the flowers being pentamerous, and in
the cells of the fruit being many seeded ; it is perhaps, however,
01 ly that genus badly described.
I T. AI.ANSONII (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 355.) 7/ . G.
Native of Peru, on rocks by the sea-side. Soldanella facie,
Feuill. obs. 3. pt. 2. p. 63. t. 44.
Adanson's Tula. PL tufted.
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will be a good soil
for this little plant ; and it may either be increased by cuttings
planted in sand under a hand-glass, or by seeds. The pot in
which it is grown should be half filled with sherds.
LXXIV. DENTE'LLA (a dim. of dens, a tooth ; the lobes or
segments of the corolla are furnished with a small tooth on each
side). Forst. gen. p. 26. t. 13. Lam. ill. t. 118. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 418. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 385. — Oldenlandia species, Lin.
— Hedyotis species, Lam.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate-
globose tube, and a 5-cleft limb. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-cleft ;
lobes furnished with a small tooth on each side ; throat hairy.
Anthers 5, inclosed, almost sessile. Style short ; stigmas 2,
thick. Capsule almost indehiscent, nearly globular, 2-celled,
crowned by the limb of the calyx. Placentas fleshy, prominent
on both sides within the cells. Seeds small, ovate. — A creeping
tufted marsh annual herb. Stems filiform, glabrous. Leaves
oblong, glabrous, ciliated at the base, as well as the petioles.
Stipulas small, acute. Pedicels axillary, alternate, 1-flowered,
short. Fruit hispid. Flowers small, white.
1 D. RE'PENS (Forst. 1. c.) O. F. Native of the East Indies,
as in Java, Coromandel, Timor, Luconia, New Caledonia, &c.,
in humid shady places along the banks of rivers, and on the mar-
gins of rice fields. Blum, bijdr. p. 990. Roth. nov. spec. 139.
Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 159. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p.
150. Hedyotis repens, Lam. ill. no. 1424. Oldenlandia repens,
Lin. mant. p. 40. but O. repens of Burm. fl. ind. according to
his herbarium is nothing but Peplis Portula. — Rumph. amb. 6.
t. 170. f. 4. Flowers small, in the divisions of the branchlets.
Creeping Dentella. Fl.July. Clt. 1802. PL creeping.
Cult. The seeds require to be sown on a gentle hot-bed in
spring ; and the plants when of sufficient size may be planted
out into a moist shady situation in the open ground.
LXXV. DE'PPEA (named after M. Deppe, who has col-
lected and sent home many plants from Mexico). Cham, et
Schlecht. inLinnsea. 5. p. 167. D. C. prod. 4. p. 618.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Teeth of calyx 4, trian-
gular. Corolla somewhat rotate, quite glabrous ; lobes ellip-
tic. Anthers 4, linear, exserted ; filaments very short. Style
longer than the stamens ; stigma thicker than the style. Cap-
sule membranous, elliptic, crowned by the calycine teeth be-
neath the vertex, 2-celled ; cells 1-seeded, with a loculicidal
dehiscence. Seeds fixed to the middle dissepiment. — A small
shrubby plant, with a woody root, and reddish inner bark.
Leaves petiolate, elliptic, acuminated at both ends, rather pilose
above and on the margins. Stipulas triangular, deciduous.
Cymes terminal and axillary, pedunculate, of 3 or 4 branches.
Flowers yellow. Habit, fruit, and capsule of Hedyblis, but the
cells are 1-seeded as in the tribe Spermacocetz.
1 D. ERYTHRORHlzA (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 168.) — Native
of Mexico, in shady places near the Hacienda de la Laguna. D.
hydyotidea, I). C. prod. 4. p. 618.
Red-rooted Deppea. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Dentella above.
SUBTRIBE II. HEDYOTEjE (this tribe contains plants
agreeing with Hedyotis in important characters). D. C. prod. 4.
p. 419. Stipulas resembling a sheath on both sides, and ending
in many bristles at the apex.
LXXVI. HEDYOTIS (from tfve, hedys, sweet, and ovc
ous otos, an ear ; the leaves are oval, soft, and firm, from
RUBIACEjE. LXXVI. HEDYOTIS.
525
which circumstance they have been compared to ears). Roxb.
fl. ind. 1. p. 368. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 153.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 419. — Hedyotis species of Lin. and all authors.
LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a 4-toothed limb : teeth erect, permanent, also sepa-
rated on the fruit by acute narrow recesses. Corolla with a short
tube, a bearded throat, and a 4-lobed limb; Stamens exserted a
little; anthers ovate or roundish, small. Capsule ovate, some-
what attenuated at the apex, crowned by the calycine teeth,
which are connivent, but separate, 2-celled, and dehiscing in the
middle of the cells. Seeds minute, angular, many in each cell.
— Herbs, sometimes suffruticose at the base, with a habit like
that of Spermacbce. Stems tetragonal or nearly terete. Leaves
opposite. Stipulas adhering to the petioles on both sides, end-
ing in many bristles. Flowers axillary, usually glomerate. —
This genus differs from Houstbnia, to which St. Hil. pi. rem.
bras. p. xxi. has joined it, in the calyx being adnate to the fruit
the whole length. It differs from Oldenlandia in the teeth of
the calyx being separated on the fruit by narrow recesses, not
by broad ones.
* Pedicels axillary, \-Jlotvered, solitary, and sometimes twin.
1 H. GRA'CILIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 419.) plant decumbent and
elongated, scabrous from hairs ; leaves linear, acute ; stipulas
cleft into many bristles ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered, solitary,
equal in length to the leaves ; corolla hardly longer than the
calycine teeth. — Native of New Caledonia. Capsule downy,
ovate, rather compressed : lobes of calyx lanceolate, separated
by narrow recesses.
Slender Hedyotis. PI. decumbent.
2 H. ADSCE'NSIONIS (D. C. 1. c.) stem suffruticose, branched,
glabrous ; leaves linear, acute, with revolute margins, and are, as
well as the calyxes, rather scabrous ; pedicels axillary, solitary,
1-flowered, shorter than the flowers. Tj . S. Native of the
island of Ascension, where it was collected by Lesson, G. Don,
&c. Herb becoming black on drying. Capsule compressed.
Seeds very minute. Corolla white. Lobes of calyx long, linear.
Ascension Hedyotis. PL \ foot.
3 H. PAUCIFLORA (Bartl. in herb. Hsenke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 419.) plant suffruticose, glabrous; branches tetragonal,
smooth ; leaves linear, very acute, with revolute margins ; sti-
pulas with many stiff erect bristles ; flowers solitary, axillary,
hardly pedicellate. Jj . S. Native of the island of Luzon, one
of the Philippines. Leaves 1 or 1£ inch long, and a line broad.
Fruit unknown, but the lobes of the calyx are separated by nar-
row recesses, indicating it to belong to this genus.
Fen-Jlonered Hedyotis. PI.
* * Flowers axillary, almost sessile, disposed in glomerate
tvhorles.
4 H. TENELLIFLORA (Blum, bijdr. p. 971.) stems suffrutieose,
kneed, procumbent ; leaves on short petioles, lanceolate, veinless
beneath, with scabrous margins ; bristles of stipulas long and
setaceous ; flowers usually twin, axillary, sessile. Jj . S. Na-
tive of the island of Nusa Kambanga, near Java.
Slender-Jlowered Hedyotis. Shrub procumbent.
5 H. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p.
153.) stems branched a little, tetragonal, when young the angles
are hairy ; leaves linear, very narrow, acute, with revolute sca-
brous margins ; stipulas hairy, membranaceously fringed ; flowers
3-6-together, axillary, almost sessile, glomerate. O- F. Native
of the island of Luzon, one of the Philippines.
Narrow-leaved Hedyotis. PI. ^ foot.
6 H. Boscn (D. C. prod. 4. p. 420.) plant glabrous ; stems
herbaceous, ascending, branched, slender, tetragonal ; leaves
linear ; bristles of stipulas shorter than the fruit ; flowers few,
axillary, somewhat verticillate ; fruit ovate, crowned by the
teeth of the calyx, which are acute. (•)•? H. Native of Caro-
lina, where it was collected by Bosc, and sent home under the
name of Dibdia. Leaves almost an inch long, and a line broad.
Seeds very minute.
Base's Hedyotis. PI. ascending.
7 H. AURICULA RIA (Lin. spec. 147.) stem almost simple, tetra-
gonal, rather hairy at the apex ; leaves lanceolate-ovate, nerved ;
stipulas ciliated with bristles ; flowers glomerate, axillary, some-
what verticillate. 2£ . S. Native of Ceylon, Malabar, also of
Silhet and Nipaul, ex Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 369. Rheed. mal. 10.
t. 32. — Burm. fl. zeyl. t. 108. f. 1. ? H. nervosa, Lam. diet. 3.
p. 79. ? Flowers white, sessile.
Auricled Hedyotis. PI. |- foot, procumbent.
8 H. GENICULA'TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 368.) plant weak, de-
cumbent ; stems nodose, terete, smooth ; leaves almost sessile,
lanceolate, smooth ; flowers on short peduncles, disposed in
whorles — Native of the Malay Islands. The rest unknown.
.Knmf-stemmed Hedyotis. PI. decumbent.
9 H. LAPEYROU'SII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 420.) stem erect, gla-
brous, terete, rather angular at the apex, and hardly branched ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, glabrous ;
stipulas of many bristles ; flowers few, axillary, almost sessile,
verticillate; capsules globose. O- F. Native of the island of
Vanikoro, where it was collected by Lesson. Stem 1^ foot
high. Leaves 4 inches long, and 8-10 lines broad, lined with
5-6 oblique nerves on each side.
La Peyrouse's Hedyotis. PI. 1^ foot.
10 H. CRASSIFOLIA (Blum, bijdr. p. 971.) stems diffuse, rather
hairy ; leaves lanceolate, cuspidate, almost veinless, except the
middle nerve, scabrous beneath and on the margins, on very
short petioles ; stipulas setigerous ; flowers disposed in dense
whorles ; filaments exserted. — Native of the west of Java, in
humid shady places. Said to be allied to H. hispida. Bristles
of the stipulas long. Teeth of calyx very acute. Perhaps the
same as H. crataeogbnum.
Thick-leaved Hedyotis. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
11 H. CRAT^OGONUM (Spreng. pug. 2. p. 35.) stems terete,
glabrous, articulated ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, veiny, sca-
brous ; stipulas setaceously jagged ; flowers sessile, disposed in
glomerate whorles. — Native of Amboyna, ex Rumph. atnb. 6.
p. 25. t. 10. ; and of Java, ex Lin. not in Jamaica, as said by
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 199. Oldenlandia verticiMta,
Lin. mant. 40.
Strong-jointed Hedyotis. PI. 1 foot.
12 H. HI'SPIDA (Retz, obs. 4. p. 23. but not of Roth,) stems
diffuse, branched, tetragonal, rooting at the nodi ; leaves sessile,
lanceolate, with hispid margins ; stipulas with many bristles ;
flowers axillary, almost sessile, disposed in glomerate whorles ;
filaments inclosed. — Native of China, ex Retz ; of the Moluccas,
ex Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 368.; of Java, Blum, bijdr. p. 971.
Oldenlandia hispida, Poir. diet. 4. p. 536. Stamens shorter
than the style, which is clavate, ex Retz. Capsule hispid, ex
Spreng. pug. 2. p. 32.
Hispid Hedyotis. PI. -j foot, decumbent.
13 H. UNCINE'LLA (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p.
192.) plant suffruticose, glabrous ; branches simple; leaves pe-
tiolate, oblong-lanceolate, with almost simple longitudinal veins ;
flowers axillary and terminal, numerous, almost sessile, disposed
in glomerate whorles ; capsules turbinate, glabrous, crowned,
bipartite at the dissepiment ; tube of calyx contracted, and the
lobes subulate and recurvedly uncinate, long, and ciliated. Tj .
G. Native of China. This may be the type of a new genus,
and is probably the H. cephalophora, R. Br. in Wall. cat.
no. 842.
Hedyotis. Shrub.
526
RUBIACE-E. LXXVI. HEDYOTIS.
14 H. ROTtmpiFOLiA(Spreng. pug. 3. p. 197.) plant decum-
bent, branched a little ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, somewhat
3-nerved ; stipulas scarious, ciliated ; flowers axillary, almost
sessile, disposed in whorles ; capsules hispid. — Native of the
East Indies, in humid places. Oldenlandia trinervia, Retz, obs.
4. p. 23.
Round-leaved Hedyotis. PL decumbent.
15 H. PERPUSI'LLA (Hook, et Arn. in hot. misc. 3. p. 259.)
glabrous ; stems tufted, diffuse, branched, weak ; leaves oblong ;
stipulas minute, not setigerous ; pedicels terminal, and from the
forks of the branches, 1-flowered, about equal in length to the
leaves ; tube of calyx globose, hispid from bristles ; teeth of
calyx erect, ovate, obtuse. — Occasionally found in inundated
places by the shores of La Plata, near Buenos Ayres. Stem 1
to 2 inches long, branched ; the branches are furnished with
several short lateral ramuli, from the axils of which springs a
peduncle, which after flowering becomes reflexed. Very closely
allied to H. uniflora, but seems to differ from the genus by the
stipulas not being furnished with bristles.
Least Hedyotis. PI. tufted.
16 H. NODIFLORA (Wall. cat. no. 855.) glabrous ; stems quad-
rangular ; petioles downy ; leaves ovate-elliptic, acuminated,
veined ; flowers much crowded, axillary, subverticillate, sessile.
Tl . S. Native of the East Indies, in Tavoy.
Knot-flowered Hedyotis. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
17 H. ARGE'NTEA (Wall. cat. no. 858 ) glabrous ; stem quad-
rangular; leaves broad-ovate, acuminated, whitish above, and
rusty beneath ; flowers in axillary heaps. I/ . S. Native of
the Burmese Empire, on the banks of the Irrawaddy.
Silvery Hedyotis. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
18 H. COSTA TA (R. Br. in Wall. cat. no. 849.) stem downy,
quadrangular ; leaves lanceolate, tapering to both ends, glabrous,
with many parallel veins ; flowers disposed in crowded axillary
heaps, subverticillate ; teeth of calyx separated by distant reces-
ses. 3£ . S. Native of Pulo-Penang and Silhet.
Ribbed Hedyotis. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
19 H. PINIFOLIA (Wall. cat. no. 850.) plant much branched;
branches quadrangular ; leaves linear, with revolute edges ;
flowers disposed in axillary and terminal verticillate heaps. 0.
5. Native of Pulo-Penang, and of the Burmese Empire, at
Prome and Amherst. Perhaps a species of Oldenlandia.
Pine-leaved Hedyotis. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
20 H. CONGE'STA (R. Br. in Wall. cat. 844.) herbaceous, gla-
brous ; stem and branches quadrangular ; leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, acuminated, pale beneath ; flowers crowded, axillary ; sti-
pulas somewhat pinnatifid ; lobes of calyx rounded, separated
by narrow blunt recesses. I/ . F. Native of Pulo-Penang.
Cron-'cferf-flowered Hedyotis. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
21 H. MACROPHY'LLA (Wall. cat. no. 841.) stem and branches
quadrangular ; leaves large, roughish, veined, tapering to both
ends ; stipulas pinnatifid ; flowers much crowded, axillary, form-
ing glomerate whorles. "if. . S. Native of Pulo-Penang. Calyx
downy, with the lobes separated by narrow recesses.
Large-leaved Hedyotis. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
* Peduncles axillary, many-jlotvered : jloners crowded.
22 H. CAPITA'TA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 80.) stem terete, almost
simple, downy ; leaves almost petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, acute,
nerved, glabrous above, velvety on the nerves beneath ; stipulas
setaceously jagged ; peduncles axillary, solitary, much shorter
than the leaves, bearing each a dense head of flowers. — Native
of the East Indies, particularly in Java, in moist parts of moun-
tains. Blum, bijdr. p. 973. Habit of Euphorbia capitata.
Capitate-flowered Hedyotis. PI. £ foot.
23 H. LINEA'TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 369.) plant diffuse, pi-
lose; leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, with longitudinal simple
parallel veins ; peduncles axillary, many flowered, rather long,
2-3-together ; capsules round, pilose. 0. F. Native of the
East Indies, in Chittagong. The rest unknown.
Zmerf-leaved Hedyotis. PI. diffuse.
24 H. ULMIFOLIA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 370.) plant
ascending, clothed with soft hairs ; leaves oval-lanceolate, acute,
nerved, very villous on the nerves on both surfaces ; stipulas
cup-shaped, acuminated at both ends, joined to both sides of
the petioles ; peduncles axillary, much shorter than the leaves,
bearing many subcorymbose flowers ; flowers usually by threes ;
calyx villous, with acute lobes. 1{.G. Native of Nipaul. H.
lineata, D. Don, fl. nep. p. 134. but not of Roxb. Spermacoce
lineata, Hamilt. mss. Stipulas coriaceous, acuminated in the
middle. Stems many from the same root, woody, simple. Caly-
cine segments lanceolate, spreading.
Elm-leaved Hedyotis. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
25 H. VESTI'TA (R. Br. in Wall. cat. no. 847.) stems, peduncles,
and petioles villous ; stem quadrangular ; leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, much acuminated, tapering at the base, downy, particu-
larly on the veins beneath ; stipulas villous, bearing 3 long bris-
tles each ; peduncles axillary, trichotomous, each division bear-
ing a head of flowers. 3£. S. Native of Pulo-Penang and
Silhet. Leaves with parallel veins.
Clothed Hedyotis. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
26 H. MACROSTE'MON (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot.
p. 192.) plant suffruticose, branched; branches pubescent ; leaves
on short petioles, ovate-lanceolate, .clothed with soft down be-
neath, rather scabrous and shining above, with longitudinal
simple parallel veins ; peduncles axillary, solitary, shorter than
the leaves, many flowered ; flowers capitate ; stamens much ex-
serted ; capsules hairy, free at the apex. T; . G. Native of
China. Closely allied to the two preceding species.
Long-stamened Hedyotis. PI. -J- foot.
27 H. SERPYLLHOLIA (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 14.) stem herbaceous,
branched, rather angular ; leaves ovate, acuminately mucronate,
somewhat ciliated ; stipulas bipartite, acuminated ; flowers 2-4
in each heap, axillary and terminal, on short peduncles ; tube of
calyx downy. — Native of the island of Bourbon, where it was
collected by Bory de St. Vincent. Corolla white, shorter than
the calyx. Seeds innumerable, very minute. Stem hispid.
Wild Thyme-leaved Hedyotis. PI. | to f foot.
28 H. RE'PENS ; stem creeping, filiform, branched, rooting at
every joint ; leaves small, oval or obovate, linear-lanceolate, ex
Lour, smooth ; flowers axillary, solitary, on very short pedicels ;
capsule nearly globular, covered with hollow pellucid hairs. T£.
S. Native of the East Indies and China. Oldenlandia repens,
Burm. fl. ind. 38. t. 15. f. 2. Lour. coch. p. 78. Corolla bell-
shaped, white.
Creeping Hedyotis. PI. creeping.
29 H. UNIFLORA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 421.) plant glabrous;
stems creeping, branched, weak ; leaves ovate-roundish, obtuse ;
stipulas small; pedicels terminal, 1-flowered, longer than the
leaves ; tube of calyx rather hispid. ©. F. Native of Chili,
in sandy places along the banks of streams. Oldenlandia uni-
flora, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 57. Corolla with a broad tube,
which is bearded inside. Lobes of calyx ovate, acutish.
One-jlomered Hedyotis. PI. creeping.
30 H. GLOMERA'TA (Ell. sketch. 1. p. 185.) stem nearly erect,
herbaceous, downy, branched ; leaves lanceolate, attenuated at
the base, downy ; stipulas acutely bidentate ; flowers almost ses-
sile, capitate, axillary and terminal, rarely almost solitary ; tube
of calyx hispid. ©. ex Torrey, 1£ . ex Ell. H. Native of North
America, in humid places, from Carolina to New York. Torr.
fl. un. st. 1. p. 171. Oldenlandia glomerata, Michx. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 83. H. auriculata, Walt. car. p. 85. but not of
Lin. Oldenlandia uniflora, Lin. ex Willd. spec. 1 . p. 674. H.
1
RUBIACEjE. LXXVI. HEDYOTIS. LXXVIII. OLDENLANDIA.
527
uniflora, Lam. ill. p. 271.? H. Virginica and H. glomerata,
Spreng. syst. 1. p 412, 413. Lobes of calyx 4, ovate, acumi-
nated. Corolla subrotate, shorter than the calyx ; with the lobes
rather spinose. Stamens short, opposite the lobes of the corolla,
ex Torrey. Style almost wanting ; stigma thick, undivided.
Seeds innumerable, very minute, as in the genus Oldenldndia.
Glomerate-fiowered Hedyotis. PI. -J creeping.
31 H. GOREE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 421.) plant diffuse,
many stemmed ; stems rather angular, glabrous, except at the
nodi, where they are downy ; leaves lanceolate, acute, glabrous ;
peduncles axillary and on the tops of the branches, disposed in um-
bellate heaps, a little shorter than the fruit ; fruit downy, crowned
by the calycine teeth, which are subulate, and somewhat invo-
lutely uncinate at the apex. O- F- Native of the coast of
Africa, in the island of Goree. Habit of Chickweed. Leaves
oval-oblong or lanceolate. Capsule dehiscing but slowly. Seeds
very minute. Corolla not seen.
Var. ft, erecta (D. C. 1. c.) stems erect, much shorter than
those of the species; heads of flowers solitary, terminal, umbel-
late. Q. S. Native in humid parts of woods.
Goree Hedyotis. PI. diffuse.
* Panicles or corymbs terminal, loose, rarely axillary.
The species are very different from each other, and from the rest
of the genus.
32 H.? LA'XA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 135.) stem herbace-
ous, weak, dichotomously branched, angular, glabrous ; leaves
ovate, acute, rather hairy on both surfaces, ciliated ; stipulas
divided into bristles ; peduncles axillary, dichotomous ; flowers
usually by threes. Tf.. G. Native of Nipaul. Habit of a
species of Ophiorhiza. Anthers in some specimens examined
exserted, and in others almost inclosed. Teeth of calyx acutely
mucronate, 3 times shorter than the corolla. Capsule somewhat
didymous, free at top, and dehiscing in the middle of the cells.
Seeds ovate-roundish.
Loose- flowered Hedyotis. PI. 1^ foot.
33 H. POLYCA'RPA (Wall. cat. 838.) branches tetragonal ;
leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated, tapering to the base ; sti-
pulas joined to the petioles, and forming a sheath with them,
furnished with a tooth on each side ; panicle terminal, corym-
bose, trichotomous ; lobes of calyx separated by broad recesses.
11 . S. Native of Silhet. Perhaps a species of Oldenldndia.
Many-fruited Hedyotis. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
34 H. MOLLIS (Wall. cat. no. 859.) plant clothed with soft
white down in every part, but particularly so on the under side
of the leaves ; peduncles axillary and terminal, panicled ; pedi-
cels corymbose; stipulas with 3 bristles. If.. S. Native of
Pulo-Penang.
So/* Hedyotis. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
35 H. VAGINA'TA (Blum. herb, and mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
421.) plant suffruticose, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, much acu-
minated, nerved ; stipulas long, sheathing, drawn out on both
sides into one puberulous bristle ; corymbs terminal, trichoto-
mous ; throat of corolla bearded ; stamens exserted. ^ . S.
Native of the island of Ternate, one of the Moluccas.
Sheathed-stipvAed Hedyotis. Shrub.
36 H. ELONGA'TA (R. Br. in Wall. cat. no. 865.) plant pube-
rulous ; leaves lanceolate or linear ; stipulas jagged ; peduncles
terminal, elongated, dichotomously branched; flowers distant on
the branches of the peduncle, usually by twos, and one in each
fork, almost sessile. O- S. Native of the East Indies. Per-
haps a species of Oldenldndia.
Elongated-peduncled Hedyotis. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
37 H. ? SCA'NDENS (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 369.) stem terete,
scandent, glabrous ; leaves on short petioles, broad-lanceolate,
acuminated, glabrous, shining ; stipulas entire, joined to the pe-
tioles, furnished with a short mucrone on both sides ; corymbs
panicled, axillary, and terminal, with the branchlets rather vil-
lous ; lobes of corolla and throat hairy inside ; style villous at
the apex ; stigma bilamellate. % . (w). S. Native of Nipaul and
Silhet, where it is called Gujee. Petesia Hita, Hamilt. mss. ex
D. Don, fl. nep. p. 134.
Climbing Hedyotis. PL cl.
38 H. CAPITELLA'TA (Wall. cat. 837.) glabrous ; leaves ellip-
tic, acuminated, tapering at the base ; stipulas joined to the pe-
tioles, furnished with a tooth on both sides ; panicle terminal,
composed of round heads of flowers. If. . w. S. Native of
Pulo-Penang, and Tavoy.
Headed-ftoviered Hedyotis. Shrub cl.
39 H.? LESCHENAU'LTII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 422.) suffruti-
cose ; branches glabrous, tetragonal at the apex ; leaves lanceo-
late, pilose beneath ; stipulas combined with the petioles, form-
ing a kind of cupula, and furnished with 3 bristles on both sides ;
panicle terminal, with glabrous branches ; limb of calyx with 4
short teeth ; lobes of corolla hairy above ; style shorter than the
corolla. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies, on the Nelligherry
mountains, where it was collected by Leschenault. Allied to
H. scdndens, and with it will probably form a distinct genus.
Var. ft, Wallichii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 422.) branches compres-
sedly angular ; leaves acuminated ; limb of calyx 4-cleft to the
middle : lobes oblong-linear ; limb of corolla very hairy above.
fy . G. Native of Nipaul, at Katmandu. Perhaps the same as
H. scandens, Roxb. ex Wall. fl. ind. 1. p. 369, but it does not
exactly agree with the description given of that plant by Rox-
burgh.
Leschenault' s Hedyotis. Shrub cl. ?
40 H. ARTICULA'RIS (R. Br. in Wall. cat. no. 854.) plant
dense and dwarf; leaves much crowded, lanceolate, veiny; sti-
pulas jagged ; peduncles terminal and axillary, forming panicles.
If. . G. Native of the Nelligherry mountains.
Jointed Hedyotis. PI. i foot.
41 H. ? ARBOREA (Roxb. in Beats, voy. append, p. 310.)
arboreous ; leaves on short petioles, oblong, acuminated, shining,
recurved at the apex ; stipular sheath cylindrical, furnished with
1-3 unequal teeth ; corymbs terminal, brachiate, almost globu-
lar ; capsules globose, fj . S. Native of the island of St.
Helena, in woods towards the tops of the mountains, where it
is called dogwood by the inhabitants. Lobes of calyx oval. Co-
rolla short, glabrous. Perhaps a proper genus.
Tree Hedyotis. Shrub.
42 H. STVLOSA (R. Br. in Wall. cat. no. 853.) stems quad-
rangular ; leaves glabrous, elliptic-lanceolate, tapering to both
ends, coriaceous ; stipulas pinnatifid ; peduncles axillary and
terminal, trichotomous, forming panicled corymbs ; corolla very
hairy inside. fj . G. Native of the Nelligherry mountains.
Long-stykd Hedyotis. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
•j- Doubtful species.
43 H. CRASSIFO'LIA and H. RO'SEA, Rafin. fl. lud. 77. are
very doubtful plants, and are probably species of Anotis.
Cult. None of the species of this genus are worth cultivating
except in botanic gardens. Any light soil will suit them ;
and cuttings of the shrubby and herbaceous perennial species
will root in the same kind of soil, with a hand-glass over them,
in a little heat. The annual kinds require the same treatment
as other tender annuals. All are easily increased by seeds.
LXXVII. OLDENLA'NDIA (named by Plumier in memory
of Henry Bernh. Oldenland, a Dane, who collected plants at the
Cape of Good Hope in 1695. They came into the possession
of Burmann, and there is an account of them in the 6th volume
of Linnaeus's Amoenitates Academicae). Lin. gen. no. 151.
528
RUBIACEjE. LXXVII. OLDENLANDIA.
Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 444. D. C. prod. 4. p. 424. but not of
Smith. — Gerontogea, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 154.
— Hedyotis species, Spreng. Smith, and Blume. — Hedy6tis and
Oldenlamlia, Gaertn. fr. 1. t. 30. — Oldenlandia and Listeria,
Neck. elem. no. 345 and 346.— Listeria, Rafin. ann. gen. sc.
phys. 6. p. 81. but not of R. Br.
LIN. SVST. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx with a sub-
globose tube, and 4 sub-approximate teeth, which remain on the
fruit and are separated by very wide recesses. Corolla with a
short tube, a 4-cleft limb, and a villous or glabrous throat.
Stamens a little exserted ; anthers ovate or orbicular. Stigma un-
divided or bifid. Capsule almost globose, crowned by the small
distant teeth of the calyx, 2-celled, dehiscing at top by a locu-
lacidal chink. Seed small, innumerable, fixed to sub-globose
placentas, and as if they were half immersed in them. — Small,
herbaceous, or suffriiticose plants, with the habit of chickweed.
Leaves opposite, with the stipulas adhering to both sides of the
petioles. Peduncles axillary and terminal, bearing 1-2 or
many flowers, usually elongated and slender. Flowers usually
white. This genus hardly differs from Hedyotis, except in the
teeth of calyx being separated by wide recesses on the fruit
instead of narrow ones, which character we think would scarcely
constitute a sectional distinction. The species, however, have
a different habit, and are more readily distinguished by it, than
by any other character.
* Pedicels axillary, }-fionereil, usually solitary, rarely by
twos or threes.
1 O. BRACHY'PODA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 424.) plant glabrous
and decumbent ; leaves linear ; stipulas furnished with 2 bristles
on both sides; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, shorter than the
flowers, solitary or twin ; corolla tubular ; anthers exserted to
the length of the lobes of the corolla. Q. F. Native of Java,
Philippine Islands, and Nipaul. Hedyotis herbacea, var. a.
Blum, bijdr. p. 970. H. radicans, Bartl. in herb. Hsenke.
Allied to O. herbacea but distinct, and it is probably the same as
0, ramoslssima or O. diffusa.
Short-pedicelled Oldenlandia. PI. -| foot.
2 O. RAMOSISSIMA (Fisch. mss. in Spreng. mant. 1. p. 35.)
stems herbaceous, diffuse ; leaves lanceolate, bluntish ; stipulas
toothed ; fruit almost solitary, axillary, sessile. I/ . F. Native
country unknown. Hedyotis ramosissima, Spreng. pug. 2.
p. 31. Flowers white. Probably distinct from O. brachypoda.
Much-branched Oldenlandia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1819.
PI. ^ foot.
3 O. SABULOSA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 424.) an herbaceous, tufted,
diffuse, much-branched plant, which is roughish from short
scattered hairs in every part ; leaves linear, acute ; stipulas
membranous, furnished with many bristles ; pedicels 2-3 toge-
ther, axillary, 1-flowered, much shorter than the leaves, deflexed
in the fructiferous state ; corolla length of the lobes of the
calyx. Q. F. Native of Senegal, in sandy places at \Valo,
where it was collected by Perrottet and Leprieur. Flowers
white. Perhaps only a luxuriant variety of 0. riparia.
Sand Oldenlandia. PI. f foot.
4 O. RIPA'RIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 424.) stem branched, erect-
ish, tetragonal, smoothish ; leaves linear, acute, rather scabrous ;
pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, twin, 3 times shorter than the
leaves; corolla tubular, about the length of the calyx. O. F.
Native of Senegal, in humid sandy places, on the banks of the
river, where it was collected by Perrottet and Leprieur. Very
nearly allied to O. scdbrida, but is easily distinguished from it
in the pedicels being much shorter, and the lobes of the calyx
being longer.
River-side Oldenlandia. PI. ^ foot.
5 O. CAPE'NSIS (Thunb. prod. p. 29. fl. cap. 1. p. 537.) stem
decumbent, branched, villous ; leaves linear, acute, glabrous ;
pedicels numerous, 1 -flowered, shorter than the leaves ; lobes
of calyx ciliated ; throat of corolla villous. ©. F. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope, in sandy places by the margins of
rivers. Hedy6tis Capensis, Lam. ill. no. 1425. Stigma clavate
(ex Thunb.). Capsule ovate, didymous.
Cape Oldenlandia. PI. decumbent.
6 O. LINEA'RIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 425.) plant glabrous, erect,
branched ; stem tetragonal ; leaves linear, acute ; stipulas cu-
pulate, furnished with many bristles ; pedicels axillary, twin,
1-flowered, about the length of the leaves : but the uppermost
ones are longer than them ; capsule globose ; teeth of calyx
acute, very short. O- F. Native of Senegal, in sandy places,
at St. Louis, where it was collected by Leprieur and Perrottet.
Zmear-leaved Oldenlandia. P). \ foot.
7 O. I.ANCIFO'LIA (D. C. 1. c.) stem simple, weak, somewhat
dichotomous, creeping, glabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, gla-
brous, with rather scabrous margins ; bristles of the stipulas
distant; peduncles axillary, solitary, rarely twin. Q.l F.
Native of Guinea. Hedyotis lancifolia, Schum. pi. guin. p. 72.
Lance-leaved Oldenlandia. PI. -J foot.
8 O. HERBA'CEA (D. C. 1. c.) plant glabrous, decumbent;
leaves linear or linear-lanceolate ; stipules of many bristles ;
pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, solitary or twin, shorter than the
leaves, but 2-3 times longer than the flowers ; tube of corolla
cylindrical; anthers hardly exserted from the throat. O- F.
Native of the East Indies, Madagascar, Senegal, St. Domingo,
Mexico, &c. O. Madagascariensis, Desf. cat. hort. par. 1815.
— Rheed. mal. 10. t. 23. and 35. Hedyotis herbacea, Lin.
fl. zeyl. p. 65. H. herbacea, var. ft, Blum, bijdr. p. 970.
Flowers white.
Herbaceous Oldenlandia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. i ft.
9 O. TENUIFO'LIA (Forst. prod. no. 57. but not of Burm.
ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 425.) stem erect, tetragonal, branched ;
leaves linear, attenuated at both ends : stipulas ciliated a little,
rather scarious ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, shorter than the
leaves, reflexed while in flower, and erect when bearing the
fruit. O.? F. Native of the Island of Tanna. Hedy6tis
tenuifolia, Smith, in Rees's cycl. 17. no. 19. Spreng. pug. 2.
p. 30, where it is confused with O. Capensis and 0. herbacea.
O. tenuifolia, Burm. fl. ind. 38. t. 14. f. 1. is probably distinct
from this but is not sufficiently known. Flowers white.
Fine-leaved Oldenlandia. PI. ^ foot.
10 O. SCA'BRIDA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 425.) stem erectish,
branched ; tetragonal, scabrous along the angles ; leaves linear,
acute; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, a, little shorter than the
leaves ; corolla tubular, hardly longer than the calyx. 0. F.
Native of Nipaul. Oldenlandia tenuifolia, Burm. fl. ind. t. 14.
f. 1. is referrible to this species, as the figure given agrees very
well with it.
Scabrous Oldenlandia. PI. | foot.
11 O. GRAMINIFO'LIA (D. C, 1. c.) plant decumbent, much
branched, smoothish; leaves linear; stipulas of 2-3 setaceous
divisions; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered, about equal in length
to the leaves, twin or crowded ; corolla hardly longer than the
calyx. Q. F. Native of the East Indies and Arabia. He-
dyotis graminifolia, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 119. Vahl. symb. 2. p.
27. Spreng. pug. 2. p. 29. exclusive of the syn. of Pluk. which
is referrible to Mollugo Cerveana. Hedyotis herbacea, Forsk.
cat. arah. no. 88. Old. stricta, Lin. mant. 200. ex Vahl. Co-
rolla and anthers blue.
Grass-leaved Oldenlandia. PI. decumbent.
12 O. PU'MILA (D. C. 1. c.) stems decumbent, tetragonal, sca-
brous ; leaves almost sessile, elliptic, acute at both ends, with
scabrous margins ; stipulas having 2-3 setaceous divisions ;
peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, about equal in length
RUBIACE/E. LXXVII. OLDENLASDIA.
529
to the leaves. O- F. Native of Tranquebar and Java. He-
dyotis piimila, Lin. fil. suppl. 119. Spreng. pug. 2. p. 34.
bijdr. p. 971. Flowers white.
Dwarf Oldenlandia. PI. decumbent.
13 O. LINIFO'LIA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves linear, attenuated at both
ends; peduncles 1 -flowered, longer than the leaves. O-?F.
Native of the East Indies. Hedyotis linifolia, Willd. mss. in
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 526. The rest unknown.
Flax-leaved Oldenlandia. PI. decumbent.
14 O. VIRGAVTA (D. C. 1. c.) plant very slender, glabrous ;
stems tetragonal ; leaves linear ; stipulas furnished with very
short bristles, at length truncate; peduncles twin, 1 -flowered,
elongated : the ultimate ones disposed into a kind of terminal pa-
nicle ; pedicels opposite, from the axils of the bracteas, longer
than them, and about equal in length to the internodes. O- F.
Native of Guinea (ex Willd.), in the rice- fields of Casamancia
and Gambia (ex Perrottet and Leprieur), and Sierra Leone (ex
Smeathmann). Hedyotis virgata, Willd. spec. 1. p. 167.
Schum. pi. guin. p. 69.? Flowers and fruit very small. Leaves
8-9 inches long. Stamens a little exserted.
Twiggy Oldenlandia. PL ^ foot.
15 O. ASPE',RUL.S: (D. C. 1. c.) plant glabrous; stem erect,
branched, tetragonal ; leaves distant, linear, ciliated at the base ;
stipulas entire, cupular, truncate; pedicels straight, 1 -flowered,
rising from the axils of the upper leaves, which are almost
abortive. Q.? F. Native of Ceylon, where it was collected
by Leschenault. Habit almost of the species of Asperula.
Corolla greenish in the dried state, also glabrous in the throat,
4-cleft. Anthers pedicellate, shorter than the lobes of the co-
rolla. Stigmas 2, elongated. Capsule oblong. Seeds minute.
Lobes of calyx short, distant. Perhaps this plant ought to be
removed from the genus.
Woodroof-like Oldenlandia. PI. ^ foot.
16 O. DIFFU'SA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 444.) stem terete, flaccid,
spreading, scabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, smooth ;
stipulas at length of many bristles ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flow-
ered, 4-times shorter than the leaves. O-F. Native of the
East Indies, at Banda. Corolla smooth, white. Stigma pro-
foundly bifid. Capsule roundish. Perhaps only a variety of
0. biflora.
Diffuse Oldenlandia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. diffuse.
* * Peduncles 2-3 or many-flowered.
17 O. BIFLORA (Lin. spec. 174.) stems erect, weak, scabrous;
leaves linear-lanceolate, rather scabrous while young ; stipulas
membranous, lanceolate, with ciliated fringed edges ; peduncles
axillary, shorter than the leaves, 2-3-flowered : corolla glabrous
inside; anthers length of the lobes of the corolla. O- F.
Native of the East Indies, Philippine Islands ; and of Guinea, at
Cape Coast, plentiful in the rainy season. Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p.
445. Hedyotis biflora, Smith, in Rees'scycl. 17. no. 15. Spreng.
pug. 2. p. 31. Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 130. Gerontogea
biflora, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 4. p. 155. Hedyotis
diffusa, Willd. spec. 1. p. 566. Old. dichotoma, Willd. herb, ex
Cham, et Schlecht. Burm. fl. zeyl. t.ll. Flowers small, white.
Two-flowered Oldenlandia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. £ ft.
18 O. ALSINIFOLIA ; glabrous ; leaves membranous, lanceo-
late, tapering to both ends ; peduncles axillary, few-flowered ;
stipulas bristly at top ; teeth of calyx distant. Q. F. Native
of Pulo-Penang. Hedyotis alsinifolia, R. Br. in Wall. cat. no.
873. Plant diffuse.
Chickweed-leaved Oldenlandia. PI. \ to -| foot.
19 O. BRACHY'PODA; plant glabrous, diffusely branched;
leaves linear, with revolute edges ; peduncles short, axillary,
bearing at the top an umbel of short pedicellate flowers, or the
VOL. III.
pedicels solitary and axillary. Q. F. Native of the Island of
Singapore. Hedyotis brachy'poda, R. Br. in Wall. cat. no. 874.
Short-peduncled Oldenlandia. PI. diffuse, ^ foot.
20 O BURMANNIA'NA ; plant glabrous, diffuse ; stems quad-
rangular ; leaves linear ; pedicels short, axillary, twin, or soli-
tary. O- F. Native of the East Indies. Hedyotis Burmanniana,
R. Br. in Wall. cat. no. 868. Old. biflora, Roxb. but not of Lin.
Burmann's Oldenlandia. PI. £ to 1 foot.
21 O. LONGIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 4?6.) plant procumbent,
glabrous, branched ; branches diverging ; leaves linear, rather
papillose : upper ones with scabrous margins ; stipulas ciliated
a little; peduncles elongated, axillary, 2 -flowered : but the
terminal ones are 3-flowered. O- F. Native of Guinea.
Hedyotis longifolia, Schum. pi. guin. p. 70. Flowers small,
white.
Long-leaved Oldenlandia. PI. procumbent.
22 O. CRYSTA'LLINA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 443.) plant diffuse,
much branched ; stems tetragonal ; leaves sessile, lanceolate-
oblong, marked with crystalline dots beneath ; stipulas joined
to the petioles, many-toothed ; peduncles axillary, 2-flowered,
one half shorter than the leaves ; throat of corolla pilose. Q.
F. Native of Bengal. This plant is very distinct from O.
piimila and 0. biflora.
Crystalline-dotled Oldenlandia. PI. diffuse.
23 O. CORYMBO'SA (Lin. spec. p. 174.) plant glabrous, erect,
or diffuse ; stems tetragonal, smooth ; leaves linear-lanceolate ;
stipulas joined to the petioles, membranous, each furnished with
3 bristles ; peduncles axillary, 2-5-flowered ; flowers disposed
in umbellate corymbs ; throat of corolla bearded ; anthers a
little exserted ; stigma sub-capitate. 0. F. Native of Guiana,
and elsewhere in South America ; also of the west coast of
Africa, at Cape Verd, near Kounoun, and of the Moluccas.
Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 156. — Plum. ed. Burm.
t. 212. f. 1. Flowers small, white. There are varieties of this
species, having the peduncles either longer or shorter than the
leaves. Hedyotis corymbosa, Spreng. is very different from
this plant.
Corymbose- flowered Oldenlandia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1739.
PI. diffuse or £ foot high.
24 O. RAMO'SA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 445.) plant diffuse, gla-
brous, branched ; stems tetragonal ; leaves sessile, linear-lan-
ceolate, paler beneath ; stipulas membranous, joined to the
petioles, furnished with 3-4 bristles each ; peduncles axillary,
3-5-flowered ; corolla roundish, with a bearded throat. ©. F.
Native of Pegu and the west of Java. Hedyotis ramosa, Blum,
bijdr. p. 973. Flowers small, white ; anthers blue (ex Roxb.).
Branched Oldenlandia PI. diffuse.
25 O. UMBELLA'TA (Lin. spec. 174.) stem diffuse, tetragonal,
smoothish; leaves narrow-linear, acute, with revolute margins,
rather scabrous above and paler beneath ; stipulas joined to the
petioles, ciliated by bristles ; peduncles axillary, umbelliferous.
$ . S. Native of Java and Coromandel, in sandy places ; and
probably on the west coast of Africa, at Joal ; and of Mexico.
Burm. fl. ind. p. 37. Roxb. fl. cor. 1. t. 3. Root long, orange-
coloured ; in the cultivated sort it is longish with few fibres.
Stem in the cultivated plant erect and terete, from -| to 1 foot
high, and branched : in the wild kind there is hardly any stem,
but many scraggy branches. Flowers small, white ; the whole
forming a panicle composed of small 3-cleft umbellets. This
.plant is cultivated on the coast of Coromandel, where its roots
descend to a great depth in the sand. It is used in dying red,
purple, a deep clear brown orange, and to paint the red figures
on chintz, of all which Dr. Roxburgh has given a full account
in his pi. cor. 1. p. 2. t. 3. and also Dr. Anderson, in trans, roy.
soc. edinb. 1792. p. 16.
The woody part of the Chay or Che root, as it is called, is
3 Y
530
RUBIACE^l. LXXVII. OLDENLANDIA.
white and tasteless ; it is the bark only that is possessed of the
colouring principle ; when fresh it is orange -coloured, tinges
the spittle yellow, and leaves a slight degree of acrimony on the
point of the tongue, for some hours after chewing ; to appear-
ance it loses its yellow colour on drying, but still retains the
above property on being chewed. It impregnates cold water or
spirits with a straw-colour, and to boiling water it gives a
brownish porter colour. The watery infusions and spirituous
tinctures are changed into a bright and deep red by alkaline
substances, and are rendered paler or nearly destroyed by acids.
The colouring powers of this root are said to improve by keep-
ing 3 or 4 years. When the wild sort can be had in any quan-
tity, it is esteemed one-third or fourth stronger, and yields a
better colour ; and when these roots can be had of two years'
growth they are reckoned still better. This plant is the Tsheri-
vello of the Telingas ; and the Saya-ver or Imburel of the
Tamuls. The Telinga physicians do not give any part of the
plant a place in their Materia Medica ; but the Malabar phy-
sicians say that the roots cure poisonous bites, colds, and cuta-
neous disorders, and warm the constitution.
t/m6e/-flowered Oldenlandia or Indian Madder. Fl. July,
Aug. Clt. 1792. PL -| to 1 foot.
26 O. PUBE'RULA ; downy in every part; leaves linear-lan-
ceolate, mucronate ; peduncles axillary or from the forks of
the stems, bearing each a simple umbel of flowers, or 3 pedun-
culate umbels of flowers, rising from 2 leaves. Q. H. Na-
tive of the East Indies. O. puberula, R. Br, in Wall. cat.
no. 884.
Downy Oldenlandia. PL \ foot.
27 O. CAPILLA'RIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 426.) stem ascending,
teretely tetragonal, and rather scabrous along the angles, much
branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate, rather scabrous ; stipulas
small, with setaceous bristles ; peduncles axillary and terminal,
loosely panicled, longer than the leaves, very slender, 2-4-6-
flowered ; flowers opposite, on long pedicels. 0. F. Native
of Madras. Corolla small, tubular. Capsule globose, glabrous.
Capillary Oldenlandia. PL ^ foot.
28 O. PANICULA'TA (Lin. spec. p. 1667.) plant glabrous,
erectish, branched ; branches tetragonal ; leaves ovate-lanceo-
late ; stipulas small, undivided ; racemes axillary and terminal,
almost naked ; pedicels longer than the leaves ; corolla with a
gibbous tube and a villous throat. $ . S. Native of the East
Indies, Moluccas, and Philippines. — Burrn. fl. ind. 38. t. 15.
f. 1. Hedyotis racemosa, Lam. diet. 3. p. 76. ill. t. 62. f. 2.
Leaves smooth. Flowers small. Hedyotis dichotoma, Cav.
icon. 6. p. 573. f. 2. and H. media, Cav. icon. 6. p. 574. f. 1.
according to Bartling is probably distinct from this. Flowers
small, red, on long pedicels.
Var. /3, arenatioldes (D. C. prod. 4. p. 427.) leaves lanceo-
late, acuminated, stiffish. $ . S. Native of the coral island
Radak. Gerontogea racembsa, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4.
p. 155. Habit of Arenana trinervia.
Panicled Oldenlandia. PL creeping.
29 O. PENTA'NDRA (D. C prod. 4. p. 427.) plant procum-
bent, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, cordate at the base, or ovate-
oblong, sessile, discoloured ; racemes axillary, naked ; flowers
pentamerous. — Native of Guinea. Hedyotis pentaridra, Schum.
pi. guin. p. 71.
Pentandrous Oldenlandia. PL procumbent.
30 O. MULTIFLO'RA (Cav. icon. 6. p. 53. t. 574. f. 2.) gla-
brous ; stem branched, furrowed, ascending ; leaves sessile,
ovate-oblong ; stipulas small, undivided ; panicles axillary,
opposite, and terminal, many-flowered : peduncles 3-flowered,
elongated. — Native of the Philippine Islands, about Manilla, not
of the Friendly Islands, as said by Poiret and Rcemer. Very
nearly allied to 0. paiiiculata.
Many-flowered Oldenlandia. PL \\ foot.
31 O. CRASSIFO'LIA (Bard, in herb. Haenke, under Hedyotis)
plant glabrous, suffruticose, diffuse ; branches tetragonal ;
leaves ovate or oblong, obtuse, fleshy ; peduncles axillary and
terminal, 3-flowered, usually shorter than the leaves ; pedicels
shorter than the flowers ; segments of calyx lanceolate, short.
— Native of the Island of Luzon, one of the Philippines.
Thick-leaved Oldenlandia. PL diffuse.
32 O. STRIGULO'SA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, under Hedy6tis,
ex D. C. 1. c.) plant herbaceous, branched, erectish ; leaves
obovate-oblong, beset with very minute callous dots above, and
with adpressed strigae beneath ; stipulas undivided, linear-subu-
late ; peduncles axillary and terminal, longer than the leaves,
3-flowered ; pedicels hardly any ; calycine segments ovate-
triangular. — Native of the Island of Mariane.
Strigulose Oldenlandia. PL \ foot.
, 33 G. OVATIFO'LIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 427.) plant almost
stemless, villous ; stem short, simple ; leaves ovate, ciliated, on
short petioles, white beneath ; peduncles 3-4 together, rising
from the top of the stem, trichotomous, slender, twice the length
of the leaves. Q. F. Native of the Philippine Islands at
Manilla. Hedyotis ovalifolia, Cav. icon. 6. p. 52. t. 573. f. 1.
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 414. Corolla pale red, hardly a line long.
Stamens exserted.
Ovate-leaved Oldenlandia. PL -j foot.
34 O. ALATA (Keen, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 442.) plant gla-
brous, erect ; stem tetragonal, branched ; leaves almost sessile,
elliptic-oblong, smooth, rather fleshy ; stipulas broad, erosely
toothed, obtuse ; panicle terminal, leafy ; corolla ventricose,
with the throat closed by villi ; capsule somewhat compressed,
furnished with a somewhat winged nerve on both sides. O. F.
Native of the East Indies, Java, Timor, &c. on the edges of
rice-fields. Old. alslta, Wall, in herb. Puer. Hedy6tis ramo-
sissima, Blum, bijdr. p. 972. but not of Fisch. Perhaps Hedy-
otis paniculata, Lam. ill. 1412. but the figure in Burm. ind. t.
71. f. 2. cited for this plant has 5-cleft flowers, and is conse-
quently not it. From the capsules being furnished with a some-
what winged nerve on each side, it comes very near to the genus
Gonotheca. Flowers small, white.
JFi'wgW-nerved-capsuled Oldenlandia. PL -^ foot.
35 O. MACROPHY'LLA (Lepr. et Perr. mss. under Hedyotis,
ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 427.) plant glabrous, erect, branched ;
leaves sessile, lanceolate, acuminated : stipulas undivided ; pe-
duncles axillary, racemose, longer than the leaves ; pedicels in 4-5
opposite pairs. — Native of the Gambia, in rice-fields at Albreda,
where it was collected by Leprieur and Perrottet. Allied to
0. alata. Capsule somewhat turbinate, and probably furnished
with a nerved wing on each side.
Long-leaved Oldenlandia. PL -| foot.
36 O. LA'CTEA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 159.
under Gerontogea) stem terete, pubescent ; leaves linear-lan-
ceolate, acute at both ends, flat ; stipulas bidentate, scarious ;
peduncles terminal ; corollas villous inside ; anthers oblong,
exserted. Q. F. Native of the East Indies. Hedyotis lactea,
Willd. enum. hort. berol. 1. p. 149. H. cymosa, Spreng. syst.
1. p. 413. ? Flowers cream-coloured.
Mi^-coloured-flowered Oldenlandia. PL ^ foot.
37 O. FOS'TIDA (Forst. prod. p. 55.) plant suffruticose ; leaves
spatulate ; stipulas almost entire ; corymbs trichotomous. Pj .
S. Native of the Island of Tongatabu. Hedyotis fce'tida,
Spreng. pug. 2. p. 28. Gerontogea foe 'tida, Cham, et Schlecht.
in Linnaea. 4. p. 154. The leaves in Forster's specimen are
elliptic and acute.
Fetid Oldenlandia. PL | foot.
38 O. MICROTHE'CA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 169.
under Gerontogea) plant herbaceous, erect, much branched;
RUBIACE^E. LXXVII. OLDENLANDIA.
531
leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, scabrous above ;
stipulas small, downy, dentately ciliated ; flowers disposed in
loose cymose terminal panicles. 0. F. Native of Mexico,
at Baranca de Tioselos, in shady places, where it was collected
by Deppe and Schiede. — Chichia-tzonpatonic de Ocopetlaycic.
Hern. mex. p. 366.? Corolla funnel-shaped, a line or more
long. Capsules small. A larger variety of this is found about
Tampico, ex Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnasa. 6. p. 414.
Small-sheathed Oldenlandia. PL 1 to 1| foot.
39 O. DEPPEA'NA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 5. p. 169.
under Gerontogea) plant shrubby, much branched, erect, gla-
brous ; leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, tapering into the pe-
tioles, firm, much acuminated, rather revolute, and scabrous on
the margins ; stipulas white, beset with glandular down, setosely
jagged : the bristles thickened and glandular at the apex ;
flowers disposed in loose panicles at the ends of the branches.
Jj . S. Native of Mexico, at San Andres, where it was col-
lected by Schiede and Deppe. Gerontogea Deppeana, Link and
Otto, neu abliiltl. t. 36. Leaves large, but hardly an inch long.
Corolla about 3 lines long. Anthers blueish. Flowers some-
times only 3-parted.
Deppe's Oldenlandia. Shrub 1 foot.
40 O. SPERGULA'CEA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 428.) plant erect,
almost simple, hairy ; leaves oval-oblong ; stipulas cupulate,
mucronate ; peduncles almost terminal, elongated, many-flow-
ered, naked ; calyx glabrous ; corolla tubular ; anthers sessile ;
style at length bipartite to the base. O- H.. Native of Nipaul.
Herb a finger in height, with the habit of Spergula. Upper
leaves usually 4 in a whorl. Peduncles glabrous. From the
dehiscence of the capsule it agrees with O. conostyla ; but is
very different in habit.
Spurrey-like Oldenlandia. PL -j foot.
41 O. ROTUNDIFO'LIA (Ham. ex Wall. cat. no. 6190. under
Hedyotis) leaves elliptic -ovate, rounded at the apex, downy,
but most particularly so on the veins beneath, close together ;
peduncles long, axillary, and terminal, panicled. O- H. Na-
tive of the East Indies, at Goalpara. Hedyotis scapigera, R.
Br. in Wall. cat. no. 881.
Rt,und-leavcd Oldenlandia. PL i to \ foot.
42 O. MARITIMA ; plant glabrous ; stems erect ; leaves linear
or lanceolate, acute, with revolute edges ; panicles terminal,
erect ; peduncles swelling toward the top, angular, erect ; teeth
of calyx distant. I/ . S. Native of the East Indies, by the
sea-side. Hedyotis maritima, Wall. cat. no. 6192. Old. gram-
minifolia, Vahl. ? Old. stricta, herb. Russ.
Sea-side Oldenlandia. PL 1 foot.
43 O. OXYPHY'LLA ; glabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, taper-
ing to both ends ; peduncles terminal and axillary, dichotomous,
panicled ; pedicels short, bracteate ; teeth of calyx distant.
If.. S. Native of the mountains of Silhet. Hedyotis oxy-
phylla, Wall. cat. no. 6193. Leaves like those of the weeping
willow. Stipulas broad at the base, ending in 2 subulate points
at the apex, and a small tooth on each side.
Sharp-leaved Oldenlandia. PL 2 to 3 feet.
44 O. HE'YMI; glabrous; leaves linear; stems diffusely
branched, panicled ; pedicels slender, 2-6 together ; stipulas
bifid, short ; teeth of calyx distant. (•)• F. Native of the
East Indies. Hedyotis Heynii, R. Br. in Wall. cat. no. 8G7.
Oldenlandia herbacea, Heyne and Roxb. but not of Lin. Flowers
white.
Heyne's Oldenlandia. PL 1 foot, diffuse.
45 O. TUBULO'SA ; glabrous, erect : leaves ovate, acute; pe-
duncles terminal and axillary, umbellate or capitate ; flowers
crowded, almost sessile ; tube of corolla long, slender. Q. F.
Native of the East Indies. Hedyotis tubularis, R. Br. in Wall.
cat.no. 876. Hedyotis minima, Heyne, in Wall. cat. no. 857.
Tubular- flowered Oldenlandia. PL i to ^ foot.
46 O. MYSORE'NSIS ; downy ; stems quadrangular ; leaves
ovate, acute, clothed with rusty down on the nerve and veins
beneath, and on the petioles, ciliated on the margins ; peduncles
terminal and axillary, racemose, branched ; flowers almost
sessile. Q. F. Native of Mysore. Hedyotis Mysorensis,
Heyne ex Wall. cat. no. 882.
Mysore Oldenlandia. PL 1 foot. ?
•(• Species not sufficiently knonn.
47 O. ? HISPIDA (Roth, nov. spec. p. 95. under Hedyotis)
the whole plant is hispid from bristles ; stem ascending, dicho-
tomous, terete ; leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate ; stipulas se-
tosely toothed ; peduncles axillary, bearing few-flowered umbels;
corolla twice the length of the calycine lobes. — Native of the
East Indies. Anthers linear, length of corolla. Hedyotis I'n-
dica. Rcem.et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 195.
Hispid Oldenlandia. PL ^ foot, procumbent.
48 O. A'SPERA (Roth, nov. spec. p. 94. under Hedyotis) the
whole plant is roughish from papilla- ; stem straight, filiform,
terete ; leaves linear-subulate ; stipulas linear-subulate, a little
toothed ; raceme terminal, pedunculate, sub-fastigiate, naked ;
teeth of calyx linear, 4-times shorter than the tube of the
corolla. — Native of the East Indies. Hedy6tis aspera, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 415. The stamens being inclosed, it is very doubtful
whether it belongs to this genus.
Rough Oldenlandia. PL | foot.
49 O. AFF!NIS (Rcem. et Schultes. syst. 3. p. 194. under
Hedyotis) plant erect, much branched ; branches rather tetra-
gonal, scabrous at the angles ; leaves linear, acuminated, finely
ciliated ; stipulas tridentate ; peduncles disposed in a loose, diva-
ricate, dichotomous panicle ; corolla twice the length of the
calyx. — Native of the East Indies. Hedyotis dichotoma, Roth,
nov. spec. p. 93. but the Oldenlandia dichotoma of Spreng, now
called V&hlia dichotoma, is a very distinct plant. Corolla blue.
Anthers inclosed, and therefore it ought to be excluded from the
present genus, but it is said to be nearly allied to 0. biflora and
0. herbacea.
Allied Oldenlandia. PL £ foot.
50 O. HIRSU'TA (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 127.) stem herbaceous,
diffuse, and are as well as the calyxes hispid ; leaves ovate,
acute, petiolate, veiny ; peduncles axillary, bearing few-flowered
umbels. — Native of Java. Hedyotis hirsuta, Spreng. pug. 2.
p. 35.
Hairy Oldenlandia. PL diffuse.
51 O. PusiLLA (Roth, in Willd. act. amcen. nat. cur. berol.
4. p. 216.) stem branched, tetragonal, rough; leaves linear,
acuminated ; racemes axillary, simple, few-flowered. — Native of
the East Indies. Hedyotis attenuate, Willd. 1. c. Said to be
allied to 0. graminifolia.
Small Oldenlandia. PL | foot.
52 O. DE'BILIS (Forst. prod. no. 56.) leaves ovate, sessile ;
umbels axillary, pedunculate, few-flowered. — Native of the
Island of Tongatabu. The rest unknown.
Weak Oldenlandia. PL ?
53 O. ZANQUEBA'RIJE (Lour. coch. p. 78.) stem herbaceous,
much branched ; leaves linear, glabrous ; peduncles terminal,
few-flowered, erect ; stigmas lanceolate. O- F. Native of Zan-
quebar, on the east coast of Africa. Hedyotis Zanquebarica,
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 192. Corolla purple, salver-
shaped. Capsule didymous.
Zanquebar Oldenlandia. PL f foot.
54 O. DEPRE'SSA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 675.) stem diffuse;
leaves elliptic, petiolate, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, twin,
1 -flowered. — Native of the East Indies. Hedyotis depr^ssa,
3 Y 2
532
RUBIACEiE. LXXVI1I. GONOTHECA. LXXIX. KOHAUTJA.
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 200. A very obscure species,
and syn. in Rheed. mal. 10. t. 31. cited for this species is re-
ferrible to Porluldcca Meridiana.
Depressed Oldenlandia. PI. prostrate.
N. B. Oldenlandia nudicaulis, Roth, nov. spec. p. 96. and
Old. maritima, exclusive perhaps of the synonyme of Lin.,
differs from this genus in the flowers being of 4 distinct petals,
and in the want of stipulas ; they therefore even do not belong
to Rubmceae, but are probably Caryophyllaceous plants.
Cult. The species are not worth cultivating, unless in bo-
tanic gardens. A very sandy soil suits them best, and cuttings
of the shrubby kinds will root in sand, under a hand-glass, or
by seeds. The annual kinds should be treated like other tender
annuals, by being raised on a hot-bed, and afterwards planted
ouf. All the species require a considerable degree of moisture.
LXXVIII. GONOTHE'CA (from yuvia, gonia, an angle,
and 6t)Kr), theke, a sheath ; in reference to the capsule, which is
furnished with a double wing on each side). Blum. mss. ex
D. C. prod. 4. p. 429. but not of Rafin. — Hedyotis species,
Blum, bijdr.
LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx with a somewhat
compressed tube, and a short truncate somewhat 4-toothed limb.
Corolla having the tube inflated at the base, the throat villous,
and the lobes keeled. Stamens inclosed. Style wanting ;
stigmas 2,, obtuse. Capsule compressed, margined by a double
wing on both sides, which runs down the pedicel, crowned by
the tube and short limb of the calyx, and dehiscing between
the stigmas, membranous, 2-celled. Seeds numerous, ovate,
small, scrobiculate. — A glabrous, erect herb, with the habit of
Oldenlandia. Stem divaricate, quadrangular. Leaves lanceo-
late, almost sessile. Stipulas toothed. Cymes pedunculate,
axillary, and terminal, few-flowered.
1 G. BLUME'I (D. C. prod. 4. p. 429.). O- ? F. Native of
the islands of Timor and Java, in the latter island on calcareous
hills at Kuripan. Hedyotis pterita, Blum, bijdr. p. 972. Co-
nyza Chinensis, N. L. Bnrm. fl. ind. p. 179. exclusive of the
synonyme Oldenlandia alata, herb. mus. pan
Blame s Gonotheca. PI. \ foot.
Cult. See Kadua, p. 533. for culture and propagation.
LXXIX. KOHAU'TIA (in memory of Francis Kohaut, who
collected many plants and other objects of natural history in
Senegal). Cham, et Schlecht. in Linna-a. 4. p. 156. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 429. — Knoxia and Hedyotis species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obovate
tube ; teeth acute, separated by acute recesses while in flower,
but at last by very broad ones. Corolla with a long terete tube,
and oval-lanceolate lobes, which are usually cuspidate by a
mucrone. Anthers sessile, within the tube, inclosed under the
throat. Style shorter than the anthers, bifid at the apex.
Capsule globose, membranous, crowned by the teeth of the
calyx, 2-celled, dehiscing at the cells. Seeds innumerable,
small, half immersed in pits on the placentas, which are glo-
bose and stand on short pedicels. — Erect, twiggy, glabrous,
branched herbs, with the habit of Asperula. Leaves op-
posite, linear, or linear-lanceolate. Stipulas joined to the
petioles, furnished with one or few bristles. Cymes terminal,
corymbose, or loosely spicate.
1 K. GRANDIFLO'RA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 430.) leaves linear,
lower ones the broadest, and nearly lanceolate : uppermost ones
very slender and subulate ; stipulas membranous, connecting the
petioles : lower ones cuspidate in the middle, the rest furnished
with 2 bristles on both sides ; flowers trichotomously corym-
bose ; lobes of corolla oval, mucronate. Tj . S. Native of
Senegal, from which place it was sent by Bade, under the name
of Hedyotis herbacea ; and in sandy places at Kounoun, where
it was collected by Perrottet and Leprieur. Tube of corolla
6 lines long, and the lobes 3 lines long and 1-j broad.
Great-Jloivered Kohautia. Shrub \ to 1 foot.
2 K. SENEGALE'NSIS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p.
156.) leaves linear: floral ones subulate; stipulas with very
narrow margins, joining the petioles, furnished with 2 bristles ;
flowers on short pedicels along the branches and at their tops,
distant ; lobes of corolla lanceolate. Jj . S. Native of Senegal.
Knoxia Senegalensis, Reichb. in Sieb. fl. seneg. exsic. no. 9.
Tube of corolla 4^ lines long ; and the lobes 2^ lines long.
Senegal Kohautia. Shrub -j to 1 foot.
3 K. STRICTA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 430.) leaves linear, with
sub-revolute margins ; stipulas joined to the petioles by a very
narrow margin, furnished each with 2 short bristles ; flowers
trichotomously corymbose ; lobes of corolla oblong-linear. Q.
S. Native of Senegal at Walo and Lampsar, where it was col-
lected by Leprieur and Perrottet ; and at Sierra Leone by
Afzelius. Hedyotis stricta, Smith, in Rees's cycl. vol. 17. no.
21. but not of Wall. Root simple, perpendicular, white. Tube
of corolla 5 lines long ; and the lobes 2^ lines long and hardly
a line broad.
Straight Kohautia. PI. ^ foot.
4 K. LONGIFLO'RA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 430.) leaves linear,
hardly acute ; stipulas short, with many bristles : bristles spread-
ing a little, length of membrane ; flowers pedicellate along the
branches on one side ; corolla with a very long tube, and linear,
hardly acute lobes. Ij . G. Native of the south of Africa,
where it was collected by Burchell, ex cat. geogr. no. 1987.
Tube of corolla 7 lines long ; and the lobes 3 lines long, and
scarcely a line in breadth. Teeth of calyx short. Pedicels 2-4
lines long.
Long-flowered Kohautia. PI. \ foot.
5 K. CYNA'NCHICA (D, C. prod. 4. p. 430.) leaves linear,
acute ; stipulas membranous, joining the petioles : bristles re-
flexed, twin on both sides, at last deciduous; corymbs few-
flowered ; lobes of corolla linear, hardly acute. Tj . G. Na-
tive of the south of Africa, where it was collected by Burchell,
ex cat. geogr. no. 772. Capsule turbinate. Teeth of calyx
short. Tube of corolla 3 lines long ; with the lobes a little
shorter than the tube.
Cynanchica-like Kohautia. Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
6 K. SETIFERA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 430.) leaves linear, cuspi-
dately mucronate, with somewhat revolute edges ; stipulas
membranous, joining the petioles, cleft into 4 spreading bristles
on both sides, which are longer than the membrane ; corymbs
few-flowered ; lobes of corolla short, oval. Ij . G. Native of
the south of Africa, where it was collected by Burchell, ex cat.
geogr. no. 2322. Plant hardly a hand high. Bracteas stipu-
laceous, membranous, multifid. Tube of corolla hardly 2 lines
long.
Bristle-bearing Kohautia. PI. ^ foot.
7 K. GRA'CILIS (D. C. 1. c.) leaves linear ; branches and pe-
duncles compressed ; stipulas truncate, fringed, at length naked ;
flowers on long peduncles, rising from the forks and from the
tops of the branches ; lobes of corolla linear-lanceolate, bluntish,
a little shorter than the tube. O- F. Native of Nipaul. He-
dyotis stricta, Wall. act. soc. asiat. 13. p 369. but not of Smith.
Hedyotis gracilis, Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 377. Hed.
fusca, Hamilt. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 134. Tube of
corolla 4 lines long ; and the lobes 3 lines long, and hardly a
line broad.
Slender Kohautia. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Oldenlandia above.
RUBIACE^E. LXXX. KADUA. LXXXI. ANOTIS.
533
LXXX. KA'DUA (named in memory of M. Kudu, a native
of Ulea, who sailed with Kotzebue, for the purpose of collecting
plants). Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 157. D. C. prod.
4. p. 4,30.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a hemis-
pherical tube, and a 4-cleft or 4-toothed limb. Corolla coria-
ceous, glabrous inside, salver-shaped : with a long tube and a
4-cleft limb. Genitals inclosed. Anthers linear or oblong,
almost sessile within the tube. Style filiform, thickest at the
apex and bifid : lobes bearing papillae inside. Capsule globose
or elliptic, 2-celled, half adnate to the calyx, which is sometimes
dry and sometimes fleshy, usually crowned by the segments of
the calyx, dehiscing at the cells at the apex. Seeds innumer-
able, small, angular, inserted in the placentas, which are spongy,
and fixed to the middle dissepiment. — Smooth Australian sub-
shrubs. Leaves opposite. Stipulas solitary on each side, acute,
entire. Flowers in terminal cymes or solitary and axillary,
pedunculate.
1 K. COOKIA'NA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 158.)
branches opposite, terete ; leaves linear, acute, with revolute
margins ; flowers few, terminal ; capsule beaked at the apex.
*l . G. Native of the Island of O-Wahu. The beak of the
capsule having both a loculicidal and septicidal dehiscence at
the same time, hence the capsule is at length apparently 4-
beaked.
Cook's Kadua. Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
2 K. CORDA^TA (Cham, et Schlecht. I.e. p. 160.) branchlets
almost terete ; leaves sessile : upper ones cordate, acuminated,
coriaceous ; cymes dichotomous and trichotomous, leafy ; cap-
sule turbinately hemispherical, beakless. J? . G. Native of the
Island of O-Wahu. Lower leaves oblong-lanceolate.
Corrfa/e-leaved Kadua. Shrub -y to 1 foot.
3 K. GLOMERA'TA (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot.
p. 85.) lower parts of branches almost terete, upper part com-
pressed ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, suddenly contracted at the
base into a very short petiole ; panicle terminal, with elongated
opposite branches, bearing each 2 foliaceous bracteas at the
apex, and glomerate flowers ; calyx and corolla downy. Tj . G.
Native of the Sandwich Islands. The flowers may be said to
be axillary, pedunculate, capitate, if the axils of the panicle
be viewed as a continuation of the branch. Teeth of calyx
linear, stiff.
Glomerated-Aowered Kadua. Shrub £ to 1 foot.
4 K, ARNOTTII ; plant erect, glabrous, branched ; leaves ob-
long, on short petioles ; stipulas undivided, triangular ; flowers
disposed in fascicles in the axils of the superior leaves, the
whole forming interrupted racemes ; calyxes downy ; tube of
corolla very long, terete : lobes obtuse, revolute ; style bipartite
to the base. Tj . G. Native of the Sandwich Islands, where
it is called by the natives Kiore. Hedyotis conostyla, Gaud, in
Freyc. voy. pt. bot. p. 471. t. 94. Oldenlandia conostyla,
D. C. prod. 4. p. 428. Nearly allied to the preceding species,
according to Arnott.
Arnold Kadua. Shrub -j- to 1 foot.
5 K. MENZIESIAVNA (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 160.) branches
tetragonal ; leaves elliptic, petiolate, bluntly acuminated, downy
beneath at the base ; stipulas glandular, truncate ; cymes ter-
minal, few-flowered ; peduncles compressed, downy ; drupe
rather convex at the apex. \ . G. Native of the Island of
O-Wahu.
Menzies's Kadua. Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
6 K. SMITHII (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 86.)
branches terete, but compressed towards the tops ; leaves coria-
ceous, ovate-elliptic, glabrous, petiolate; stipulas triangular,
bluntly apiculated ; panicle terminal, trichotomous, dense ;
calyxes and corollas downy, fj . G. Native of the Sandwich
Islands. Hedyotis coriacea, Smith, in Rees's cycl. vol. 17. no.
1 1 . The tube of the corolla is long, and the segments of the
limb are deflexed, with long-acuminated recurved points.
Smith's Kadua. Shrub •§• to 1 foot.
7 K. CENTRANTHOIDES (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot.
p. 85.) branchlets terete at the base, and compressed at the
apex ; leaves cordate-lanceolate, almost sessile ; panicle ter-
minal, with short opposite branches, bearing naked heaps of
flowers at their tops ; calyx and corolla glabrous, fj . G. Na-
tive of the Sandwich Islands.
Centranthus-like Kadua. Shrub -| to 1 foot.
8 K. ROMANZOEFIE'NSIS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 4.
p. 162.) branches tetragonal, densely leafy; leaves obovate,
obtuse, or somewhat acuminated, on short petioles, rather coria-
ceous ; stipulas furnished with a sub-glandular mucrone ; flowers
terminal, 1-3 together, pedicellate; drupe obovate. Tj . G.
Native on the coral island, called Romanzoff's Island.
Romanzojf- island Kadua. Shrub \ to 1 foot.
9 K. ACUMINA'TA (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 163.) branches
terete, compressed towards the tops ; leaves lanceolate, long-
acuminated, distinctly petiolate, rather coriaceous ; stipulas tri-
angular, acuminated ; flowers axillary, usually twin, pedicellate ;
teeth of calyx narrow- lanceolate, equal in length to the tube of
the corolla ; capsule globose, fy . G. Native of the Sandwich
islands, particularly of O-Wahu.
Acuminated-leaved Kadua. Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
10 K. ? AFF!NIS (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 164.) branches
tetragonal, wrinkled transversely ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate,
acute, obtuse at the base, on short petioles ; stipulas membra-
nous, deciduous, toothed a little on both sides ; cyme thyrsoid,
terminal ; drupe nearly globose, crowned by the remaining part
of the calyx, indehiscent. ^ . G. Native of the Island of
O-Wahu. Flowers unknown.
Allied Kadua. Shrub -| to 1 foot.
Cult. None of the species are worth cultivating, except in
botanic gardens. They will grow in any light soil ; and will be
easily increased by cuttings planted under a hand-glass, or by
seed, which latter mode will be preferable.
LXXXI. ANOTIS (from a priv. owe woe, ous otos, an ear ;
there are no accessory teeth to the calyx). D. C. prod. 4. p. 431.
— Hedyotis species, Ruiz et Pav. and Cav. — Houstonia species,
Lin. and others.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obovate
tube, and a 4-toothed limb (f. 96. a.) ; teeth acute, separated
by acute recesses, with no accessory ones. Corolla salver-shaped
(f. 96. 6,), having the tube a little longer than the lobes ; limb
4-cleft ; throat almost glabrous. Anthers inclosed or a little ex-
serted (f. 96. c.). Stigma somewhat 2-lobed (f. 96. e.). Cap-
sule ovate, crowned by the calyx, 2-celled, with a loculicidal
dehiscence at the apex. Seeds 4-8 in each cell, ovate, and rather
angular. — Subshrubs and herbs, natives of America. Leaves
opposite, linear, mucronate or oval. Stipulas undivided or
toothed. Flowers terminal, solitary or corymbose. This genus
is nearly allied to Rachicdllis, but differs from that genus in the
want of accessory teeth to the calyx, whence the generic name.
The genus probably contains the types of 3 different genera,
which it may hereafter be necessary to separate.
SECT. I. ERICIOTIS (this name has been given to this sec-
tion on account of the plants contained in it having the habit of
heaths). D. C. prod. 4. p. 431. Heath-like small shrubs, rarely
herbs. Leaves linear, mucronate. Corolla salver-shaped, hav-
ing the tube longer than the lobes (f. 96. d.) Tube of calyx almost
adnate with the ovarium to the apex.
534
RUBIACE^l. LXXX1. ANOTIS.
FIG. 96.
1 A. FILIFO'RMIS D. C. prod.
4. p. 431.) stems herbaceous,
creeping, much branched, tetra-
gonal, glabrous ; leaves sessile,
linear, apiculated, rather ciliat-
ed ; stipulas small, ciliated ;
flowers solitary, terminal, almost
sessile; anthers exserted. I/.
F. Native of Peru, on the An-
des, in frigid places. Hedyotis
filiformis, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per.
1 . p. 67. t. 87. f. b. Habit of a
species of Galium. Corolla
white ; limb spreading at first,
but reflexed at last. Lobes of
calyx lanceolate, acute. Capsule
ovate, (f. 96.)
Filiform Anotis. PL proc.
2 A. CONFE'RTA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 431.) stem creeping, much
branched ; branches ascending, tetragonal ; leaves linear, apicu-
lated, flat, glabrous ; stipulas subulate ; flowers terminal, soli-
tary ; anthers at the throat. TJ. . F. Native of Peru, on the
Andes of Tarma and Cantua. Hedyotis conferta, Ruiz et Pav.
fl. per. 1. p. 57. t. 87. f. a. Leaves 2-3 lines long. Corolla
white. Capsule glabrous, emarginate.
Crowded Anotis. PL creeping.
3 A. HYPNO!DES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 432.) stems suflfruticose,
creeping, tufted ; branches tetragonal ; leaves sessile, linear-lan-
ceolate, glabrous, piliferous at the apex ; stipulas subulate at the
apex; flowers terminal, solitary, sessile; anthers exserted. %.
F. Native of the province of Quito, in very cold places of the
Andes, about Assuaya. Houstonia bryoides, Willd. herb, ex
Kunth. Hedyotis hypnoides, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.
3. p. 389. Leaves hardly a line long. Corollas white.
Hypnum-liJee Anotis. PL creeping.
4 A. JUNIPERIFO'J.IA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 432.) plant suffru-
ticose, procumbent, much branched ; branchlets tetragonal ;
leaves linear, apiculated, sessile, with revolute edges ; stipulas
ovate, acute ; flowers terminal, tern, pedicellate. lj . F. Native
of Peru, in high frigid places of the Andes, of Tarma, and
Cantua. Hedyotis juniperifolia, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 57.
t. 87. f. c. Corollas unknown.
Juniper-leaved Anotis. PL proc.
5 A. MICROPHY'LLA (D. C. 1. c.) stems suflfruticose, creeping;
branchlets nearly terete ; leaves oblong, glabrous on short pe-
tioles, piliferous at the apex ; stipulas tridentate at the apex ;
flowers solitary, sessile, terminal, but at length lateral ; anthers
exserted; cells of capsule 4-5-seeded. fj . F. Native of Peru,
near the mines of Gualyagoc, and the city of Micuipampa.
Hedyotis microphylla, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
389. Willd. in Schultes, syst. 3. p. 526.
Small-leaved Anotis. PL creeping.
6 A. CERVANTE'SII (D. C. 1. c.) stems tufted, diffuse, quad-
rangular, rather scabrous, corymbose at the apex ; leaves sessile,
linear, acute, flat, glabrous ; stipulas ovate, toothed ; flowers
pedunculate, 2-3-together, terminal, rarely axillary ; anthers ex-
serted. Jj . F. Native of Mexico. Hedyotis pygmae'a, Rcem.
et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 526. Hed. pumila, Willd. herb. Hed.
Cervantesii, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 390. Cham,
et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 5. p. 168. Corolla funnel-shaped, vio-
laceous? glabrous, size of those of Asperula cynanchica. Cap-
sule subglobose, didymous ; cells 4-8-seeded.
Cervantes's Anotis. Shrub diffuse and tufted.
7 A. THYMIFO'LIA (D. C. 1. c.) plant shrubby, erect, much
branched ; branchlets hairy ; leaves sessile, linear, glabrous,
with revolute margins ; stipulas acutely bifid ; corymbs terminal,
1
trichotomous ; cells of capsule 8-seeded. Tj . F. Native of
Peru, on high hills in the provinces of Tarma and Caxatambo.
Hedyotis thymifolia, Ruiz et Pav. 1. p. 56. t. 88. f. a. Leaves
5-6 lines long. Corollas white. Capsule obcordate. Branchlets
subtetragonal.
Var. ft, thesioides (D. C. prod. 4. p. 432.) plant erect;
branchlets terete; flowers lateral and terminal, usually by threes,
on very short peduncles ; cells of capsule 9-12-seeded. Tj . F.
Native near Pasto and Quito. Hedyotis thymifolia, H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 391. Hed. thesioides and Hed.
coarctata, Willd. herb, ex Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 391.
Hed. thuyoides and Hed. coarctata, Willd. in Schultes, syst. 3.
p. 527. Leaves 5-6 lines long. Corolla funnel-shaped: with
the lobes one-half shorter than the tube. Capsule subglobose-
elliptic. Anthers exserted.
Var. y, hyssopifblia (D. C. 1. c.) plant suffruticose ; leaves
an inch long ; corymbs terminal, trichotomous. ^ . F. Native
of Chili, near Coquimbo ; and of Peru, at Guamantanga and St.
Bonaventura. Hedyotis hyssopifolia, Cav. icon. 6. p. 54. t. 575.
f. 2. Corolla as in var. ft. Branches bluntly tetragonal. Seeds
larger than in any of its congeners, and is perhaps a proper
species.
Thyme-leaved Anotis. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
8 A. LARICIFO'LIA (D. C. 1. c.) plant suffruticose, erect,
branched, glabrous ; leaves sessile, linear, acute, with hardly re-
volute margins ; stipulas acute ; peduncles 3-5-flowered, rising
from the forks of the branches ; anthers exserted. Tj . F. Na-
tive of the Cordillera of Chili, on the highest mountains. Hed.
laricifolia, Cav. icon. 6. p. 54. t. 575. f. 1. Corolla of a red-
dish brown colour, funnel-shaped. Capsule ovate, truncate.
Larch-leaved Anotis. Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
9 A. SETOVSA (D. C. 1. c.) plant shrubby, erect, much branch-
ed ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, acute, ciliately serrulated
glabrous ; stipulas connate, ovate, furnished with many bristles
at the apex ; flowers terminal, usually by threes. Tj . F. Native
of Peru, on the Andes at Churupallana and Huassa-Huassi
Hed. setosa, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 56. t. 88. f. a. Corolla
large, purple, with a broad terete tube, and having the lobes
almost one-half shorter than the tube. Habit of Rachicalli.
nitida, but differs from it in the calyx being 4-lobed, withou
any accessory teeth. Anthers inclosed.
Bristly Anotis. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
10 A. ERICOIDES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 433.) leaves linear, in
fascicles, furrowed ; flowers terminal, subcorymbose. Jj . F
Native of Peru, ex Roem. ex Schultes ; and of New Granada
in icy places on the Andes, between Ona and Paramo de Sara
guru, ex Kunth. The rest unknown. Hed. ericoldes, Willd
herb, in Schultes, syst. 3. p. 527. and in Kunth, nov. gen. amer
3. p. 393.
Heath-like Anotis. Shrub i to i foot.
SECT. II. AMPHIO'TIS (afj.<j>t, amphi, on both sides, and ov
wroe, ous olos, an ear). D. C. prod. 4. p. 433. Herbs erect
Leaves ovate, or lanceolate. Corymbs trichotomous. Corolla sal
ver-shaped. Calyx drawn out to half the length of the ovarium
only ; the capsule is therefore naked at the apex.
1 1 A. LANCEOLA'TA (D. C. diss. ined. with a figure, ex prod. 4
p. 433.) plant glabrous ; stem erect, tetragonal, with the angle
a little winged ; leaves sessile, lanceolate, acute, glabrous ; stipu
las lanceolate, membranous ; corymbs trichotomous, terminal
corolla funnel-shaped ; anthers exserted ; capsule globose, half
aclnate to the calyx. ©• F. Native of the south of Carolina
where it was detected by Bosc. Hed. lanceolata, Poir. suppl. 3
p. 14. Genus novum, Fraser, mss. in herb. L'Her. Seed
nearly globose, 4-5 in each cell. Lobes of calyx linear, perma
nent, exceeding the capsule a little. Corolla purplish.
RUBIACE^E. LXXXI. ANOTIS. LXXXII. RACHICALLIS.
535
Lanceolate-leaved Anotis. PL i to ^ foot.
12 A. LONGIFO'LIA ; stems erect, branched, tetragonal, very
downy at the joints ; leaves linear-oblong : radical ones attenu-
ated at the base ; stipulas broad, ovate, entire, bidentate or tri-
dentate, membranous, white ; corolla funnel-shaped. I/ . H.
Native of Florida, in exposed places by the sea side ; of Canada,
about Lake Huron, and abundant about Lake Winepeg and the
Saskatchawan. Houstonia longifolia, Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 2266.
t. 49. f. 8. Hook, in bot. mag. 3099. Houstonia angustif olia,
Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 160. Hedyotis Iongif61ia, Hook. fl.
amer. bor. 1. p. 286. Flowers scarlet, terminal, almost sessile,
3 in a fascicle. Capsules subturbinate.
Long-leaved Anotis. Fl. May, July. PL -y foot.
13 A. CILIOLO'SA ; radical leaves ovate, obtuse, attenuated at
the base, with ciliated edges : cauline ones ovate-spatulate, ses-
sile ; flowers corymbose, terminal, pedicellate ; peduncles tricho-
tomous ; calycine segments linear-lanceolate ; stem glabrous,
branched at the top. Tf. . H. Native of North America, in
Goat Island, and at the Falls of Niagara. Houstonia ciliolosa,
Torrey, fl. un. st. 1. p. 174. Hedyotis ciliolosa, Hook. fl. amer.
bor. f. p. 286.
Ciliated-leaved Anotis. PL 1 foot ?
14 A. PURPU'REA ; stems erect, branched at the top, and
downy at the joints ; leaves ovate-lanceolate or linear- lanceolate,
sessile; corymbs terminal. If.. H. Native from Pennsylvania
to Carolina, in dry woods. Knoxia purpurea, Lam. ill. p. 259.
Houst6nia purpurea, Lam. ill. 251. Hedy6tis umbellata, Walt,
fl. car. 85. Hed. v&rians, Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 80. Flowers
purple.
Purpfe-flowered Anotis. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1800. PL 1 ft.
SECT. III. PANE'TOS (the plants flower all the year round).
Rafin. in ann. gen. sc. phys. 5. p. 227. D. C. prod. 4. p. 433.
Prostrate or creeping plants, with the habit of Anag&llis. Leaves
ovate-roundish. Flowers axillary and terminal, solitary. Calyx
not adnate to the ovarium at the apex, and therefore the capsule
is naked at the top.
15 A. ROTUNDIFO'LIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 433.) stems herba-
ceous, prostrate, branched; branches tetragonal ; leaves nearly
orbicular, on short petioles, glabrous, hardly ciliated ; stipulas
small ; flowers axillary, solitary, on short pedicels ; corolla sal-
ver-shaped, having the tube 3 times longer than the calyx ; cap-
sule half-adnate to the calyx. If. . F. Native of Carolina and
Florida, in dry exposed places by the sea side. Houstonia ro-
tundifolia, Michx. fl. bor. amer. l.p. 85. Ell. sketch. 1. p. 193,
Anonymos procumbens, Walt. car. p. 86. Poiretia procumbens,
Gmel. syst. 263. Habit of Veronica nummularifdlia. Flowers
white.
Round-leaved Anotis. PL prostrate.
1C A. SALZMA'NNI (D. C. 1. c.) stems herbaceous, prostrate,
branched ; leaves nearly orbicular, on short petioles, glabrous,
hardly ciliated ; stipulas hardly any ; flowers axillary, solitary,
having the pedicels exceeding the leaves ; corolla campanulate,
twice the length of the lobes of the calyx, which are oval. % . S.
Native of Brazil, about Bahia frequent. Intermediate between
the preceding and following species. Corollas pale red.
Salzmann's Anotis. PL prostrate.
17 A. SE'RPENS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 433.) stems suffruticose,
creeping, much branched ; branches tetragonal ; leaves round-
ish-ovate or elliptic, petiolate, acutish, glabrous, with spinulosely
ciliated edges ; stipulas dentately ciliated ; flowers axillary, soli-
tary, pedunculate ; corolla subrotate, ciliated a little ; anthers a
little exserted. fj . ? F. Native of Quito, on the burning
Mount Antisana. Hedyotis serpens, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 390. t. 289. Hed. microphylla, Willd. herb. ? in
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 527. Houstonia microphylla,
Willd. herb.? Corolla white, with a very short tube, and the
lobes of the calyx distant as in Oldenldndia. Seeds usually 5 in
each cell.
Creeping Anotis. PL creeping.
18 A. CCERU'LEA ; plant tufted; stems erect, dichotomous ;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, attenuated at the base : radical ones spa-
tulate, and a little hairy; peduncles elongated, 1 -flowered;
corollas salver-shaped, with acute lobes. I/ . H. Native of
Virginia ; and of Canada, about Quebec. Houstonia coerulea,
Lin. spec. p. 152. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 106. Sims, bot.
mag. t. 370. Houstonia Linnae'i a, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p.
84. Hedyotis ccerulea, Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 286. A
small tufted plant, with the habit of Anagallis tenella, with light
blue flowers. The first peduncles are 2-flowered. There is
also a variety of this with white flowers.
Blue-fiov/ered Anotis. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1785. PL
i foot.
19 A. SERPYLLIFO'LIA ; plant tufted ; stems very short ; leaves
oval, attenuated at the base ; peduncles terminal, very long,
solitary, divaricate ; corolla salver-shaped, with acute lobes.
%. H. Native of Carolina, on the banks of rivulets in the
mountains ; and of Canada, about Lake William and Lake
Superior. Houstonia serpyllifolia, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p.
85. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 106. Graham, in bot. mag.
2822. Houst6nia ccerulea /3 minor, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p.
106. Houstonia Linnae'i ft, Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 85.
Houstonia patens, Elliott, fl. carol. 1. p. 191. Hedy6tis cceru-
lea ft, Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 286. Flowers white. A small
tufted plant, very like the last.
Wild-thyme-leaved Anotis. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1826. Pl.-Jft.
20 A. TENE'LLA ; stems creeping, filiform ; leaves orbicular,
acute, nerved ; peduncles terminal, one-flowered, very long.
I/ . F. Native of North Carolina, on high mountains. Hous-
t6nia tenella, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 106. Flowers purple.
Very like A. serpyllifolia.
Slender Anotis. PL creeping.
Cult. This is a genus of pretty little plants. All the species
require to be grown in small pots, well drained with sherds, in a
mixture of peat and sand. They are increased by dividing at
the root. Those natives of warm climates require protection in
winter, by placing them in a frame or green-house.
LXXXII. RACHICA'LLIS (from pa^'a, rachia, a crag by
the sea side, and icaXXoe, kallos, beauty ; because the plants
ornament the rocks by the sea side). D. C. prod, 4. p. 433. —
Hedyotis species, Swartz, Kunth, &c.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a hemis-
pherical tube, and a 4-lobed limb, furnished with from 1-3 acces-
sory teeth between each of the lobes. Corolla with a long terete
tube, a short spreading bluntly 4-lobed limb, and a beardless
throat. Anthers at the throat, inclosed. Stigma 2-lobed. Cap-
sule rather didymous, dehiscing by 2 valves at the cells, and
crowned by the teeth of the calyx. Seeds 8-20 in each cell.
— Small shrubby South American plants, inhabitants of rocks
by the sea side, with the habit of Passerina. Leaves oblong,
fleshy, with revolute edges, sessile. Stipulas connate, undivided
or tridentate. Flowers solitary, sessile.
1 R. NJ'TIDA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 433.) plant shrubby, much
branched ; branches crowded, densely leafy ; leaves linear, acute,
fleshy, with revolute margins, glabrous, and shining on both
surfaces ; stipulas connate, short, trifid at the apex ; flowers
solitary, terminal, sessile ; corolla glabrous, fj . S. Native near
Santa Fe de Bogota. Hedyotis nitida, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 3. p. 892. Lobes of calyx 4, linear-lanceolate, fur-
536 RUBIACEjE. LXXXII. RACHICALLIS. LXXXIII. LUCYA. LXXXIV. POLYPREMUM. LXXXV. METABOLOS.
nished with 2-3 linear accessory teeth between each. Anthers
exserted. Capsule globose, turbinate at the base. Seeds ovate,
angular, 8-9 in each cell.
Shining Rachicallis. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
2 R. RUPE'STRIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 434.) plant shrubby,
much branched ; branches twisted, corky ; leaves crowded in
stellate fascicles, oblong, fleshy, with revolute edges, shining
above ; stipulas connate, pubescent inside ; flowers axillary,
solitary, sessile ; corollas villous, with a curved tube. Jj . S.
Native of the Caribbee Islands, on rocks by the sea side ; as of
Cuba, Jamaica, &c. Hedyotis rupestris, Swartz, prod. p. 29.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 391. He<l. Americana,
Jacq. amer. p. 20. Oldenlandia rupestris, Lam. diet. 4. p. 535.
— Sloane, jam. t. 202. f. 1. Habit of Passenna. Corolla yellow.
Calyx 4-cleft ; lobes woolly inside, with 4 accessory teeth be-
tween each. Seeds ovate, angular, about 20 in each cell. This
plant has been incautiously referred to the genus Buchnera by
Smith in Rees's cycl. vol. 17.
Rock Rachicallis. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
3 R. CARACASA'NA (D. C. 1. c.) plant suffruticose, much
branched ; branches leafy at top ; leaves oblong, acute, fleshy,
with revolute margins, spreading, glabrous, and shining ; flowers
terminal and axillary, solitary, sessile. I? . S. Native of South
America, on the southern declivities of the mountains called
Silla de Caraccas. Hedyotis Caracasana, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 3. p. 393. Corolla violaceous.
Caraccas Rachicallis. Shrub 8 feet.
Cult. Elegant shrubby plants of difficult culture. A mix-
ture of peat and sand will probably be the best soil for them,
and they should be grown in pots half filled with pot-sherds.
They may either be increased by seeds or by cuttings planted
in sand, with a bell-glass over them. They should be placed
on shelves in a green-house.
LXXXIII. LITCYA (named by De Candolle after the late
Lucy Dunal, who made many observations upon the Rubiaceous
plants growing in the neighbourhood of Montpelier, as may be
seen by comparing the fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 5. p. 499., sister to
Michel Felix Dunal, professor of botany at Montpelier). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 434. — Dunalia, Spreng. but not of Kunth. — Hedyo-
tis species, Swartz and A. Rich. — Peplis species, Lin.
LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx with a hemisphe-
rical tube, and the limb of 8 twin teeth or of 4 bifid ones, per-
manent. Corolla with a very short tube, and a 4-lobed limb ;
lobes obtuse. Stamens shorter than the corolla. Style short,
bifid. Capsule globose, didymous, 2-celled, with a loculicidal
and half septicidal dehiscence ; hence the capsule appears 8-
valved at the apex. Seed 2 in each cell, ex Spreng., 5-6, ex
Rich. — A small herb, with the habit of Peplis. Roots fibrous
and tuberous. Stems short, glabrous. Leaves almost sessile,
cordate-ovate, downy beneath : upper ones usually by fours.
Flowers axillary, and nearly terminal, solitary on very short
pedicels, small, white.
1 L. TUBERO'SA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 434.) O- F. Native of
the West India Islands, in shady dry places at the bottom of the
mountains, and on the roots of trees j as of Jamaica, St. Do-
mingo, &c. Ammannia hirta, P. Browne, jam. p. 145. Peplis
tetrandra, Lin. spec. 474. Jacq. amer. p. 100. t. 180. f. 29.
Oldenlandia tuberosa, Lam. diet. 4. p. 535. Hedyotis tubeiosa,
Swartz, obs. hot. p. 136. t. 1. f. 2. Dunalia tuberosa, Spreng.
pug. 1. p. 25.
Tuberous-rooted Lucya. Herb small.
Cull. This plant should be treated like other tender annuals.
It is not worth growing except in botanic gardens.
LXXXIV. POLYPRE'MUM (from rro\vc, polys, much, and
Trpe/j.vov, premnon, a trunk ; but the application is not evident).
Lin. act. ups. 1741. p. 78. gen. no. 137. 'Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 62.
Lam. ill. t. 71. Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 255. mem. mus. 6. p. 382.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 434.
LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx with a very short
tube, adnate to the bottom of the ovarium, and a 4-parted
limb ; lobes subulate. Corolla with a very short tube,
bearded throat, and a 4-parted limb ; lobes or segments
oval. Stamens 4, with very short filaments, and inclosed
anthers. Style 1, undivided. Capsule ovate, compressed,
2-celled, with a loculicidal dehiscence. Placentas oblong,
ascending, adnate to the bottom of the dissepiment. Seeds
numerous, very minute, angular, diaphanous. Embryo straight,
slender, in fleshy albumen. — A glabrous herb, with the habit of
Galium or Buffbnia. Leaves opposite, linear-subulate, having
their bases connate from the almost entire stipular sheaths.
Corymbs terminal, dichotomous, cymose, with small sessile
flowers in the forks and tops of the branchlets, each flower prop-
ped by 2-4 bracteas. Corollas white.
1 P. PROCU'MBENS (Lin. act. ups. 1741. p. 78.) y.. F. ex
Ell. sketch. 1. p. 200. 0. ex Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 99.
Native of Carolina and Virginia, in barren places. P. Linnae'i,
Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 83. Linum Carolinianum, Petiv.
gaz. 9. t. 5. f. 6.
Procumbent Polypremum. PI. procumbent.
Cult. This plant should be treated as other tender annuals.
Tribe IV.
ISERTIE'-^E (this tribe contains plants agreeing with the
genus Isertia, in having a drupaceous fruit, containing many seeded
pyrenae or nuts). A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 108.
and 235. D. C. prod. 4. p. 435. Fruit drupaceous (f. 97. g.},
composed of numerous many seeded pyrenae (f. 97. c.). Albu-
men of seeds fleshy. — Shrubs or herbs. Leaves opposite. Sti-
pulas interpetiolar.
LXXXV. META'BOLOS (from ^tra/SoXoc, metabolos,
changeable ; but the application is not evident). Blum, bijdr. p.
990. D. C. prod. 4. p. 435. — Sclerococcus, Bartl. in herb.
Hsenke.
LIN. SYST. Tetra-Peniandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an
obovate roundish tube, and a 4, rarely 5-parted limb. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a 4, rarely 5-cleft or parted limb. Stamens
4-5, inserted in the throat of the corolla. Style filiform ; stigma
thickened, 2-4-parted. Berry dry, crowned by the calyx, divi-
sible into 2-4 many-seeded pyrenaa or nuts. Seeds angular,
fixed to prominent placentas. — Suffruticose herbs. Stems tetra-
gonal. Leaves opposite, with parallel veins. Stipulas twin on
both sides, cut. Flowers disposed in whorles or axillary heads.
This genus is evidently very distinct from Hedyotis in the fruit
being indehiscent (ex Blum), and in the cells being usually
4 or 5.
1 M. VP.NOSUS (Blum, bijdr. p. 991.) stem suffruticose, pros-
trate ; leaves on short petioles, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated,
lined with veins, rather scabrous ; whorles of flowers glomerate,
axillary. Jj . S. Native of Java, in the province of Buitenzorg,
in shady places.
Veiny-\eaL\eA Metabolos. Shrub prostrate.
2 M. LATIFO'LIUS (Blum. 1. c.) stem suffruticose, divaricate;
leaves on longish petioles, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated at both
ends, rather scabrous ; flowers disposed in dense axillary glo
merate whorles. ij . S. Native of Java, on the mountains.
Broad-leaved Metabolos. Shrub diffuse.
3 M. RUGO'SUS (Blum. 1. c.) stem shrubby, decumbent; leave
RUBIACE.E. LXXXV. METABOLOS. LXXXVI. GONZALEA.
537
oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, wrinkled, a little ciliated, downy
beneath ; flowers in dense axillary heaps ; fruit containing 4
pyrena. J; . S. Native of Java, on the top of Mount Cede.
Stigma exserted, 4-cIeft.
Wrinkled Metabolos. Shrub procumbent.
4 M. PROSTRA'TUS (Blum. 1. c.) stem suffruticose, prostrate ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, glabrous ; heads of flowers axillary,
sessile or pedunculate, fj . S. Native of Java, in woods on the
mountains.
Prostrate Metabolos. Shrub prostrate.
5 M. RI'GIDUS (Blum. 1. c.) stem suffruticose, erect ; leaves
elliptic-oblong, acuminated at both ends, stiff", glabrous ; heaps
of flowers axillary, bibracteate ; calyx campanulate, quadrifid.
I? . S. Native of Java, on Mount Seribu, and on Mount Bon-
kok, in the province of Bantam. Leaves 6 inches long.
Stiff Metabolos. Shrub.
6 M. IINEA'TUS (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
435. under the name of Sclerococcus') stem herbaceous, erectish,
and are, as well as the branches, beset with hairs ; leaves on
short petioles, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, downy, lined with
veins ; heads of flowers somewhat corymbose, axillary, on short
peduncles. Ij . S. Native of Mexico, according to Hasnke,
herb. ; but probably of the Philippine Islands. Very like the
following species, and probably only a variety of it. Stipulas
membranous, and connate at the base, ending in long subulate
bristles, as in M. cceruleai Flowers small. Stamens a little
exserted.
Zzned-leaved Metabolos. PI. erect.
7 M. CCERU'LEA (Blum, bijdr. p. 991.) stem suffruticose, pro-
cumbent, and is, as well as the branches, beset with soft hairs ;
leaves lanceolate, on short petioles, acuminated, downy, lined
with veins ; heads of flowers subcorymbose, axillary. Tj . S.
Native of Java, about Buitenzorg, in humid shady places.
Blue- flowered Metabolos. Shrub procumbent.
8 M. RADI'CANS (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, under the name of
Sclerococcus,) stem herbaceous, radicant at the base, glabrous,
having 2 downy lines at the apex ; leaves lanceolate, petiolate,
glabrous, pale beneath ; teeth of stipulas setaceous ; pedicels
axillary, very short, disposed in a kind of half whorles, very
short. — Native of the island of Luzon, one of the Philippines.
Rooting Metabolos. PI. creeping.
9 M. ANGCSTIFO'LIUS (Bartl. in Haenk. herb, under the generic
name of Sclerococcus,} stems shrubby ; leaves linear-lanceolate,
almost sessile, lined with veins, downy on the nerves beneath, as
well as the branchlets ; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate,
downy, a little toothed at the apex ; flowers on short pedicels,
disposed in axillary and terminal heaps, fj . S. Native of the
island of Manilla, near Sorzogon.
Narrow-leaved Metabolos. Shrub.
10 M. FERRUGINEUS (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, under the
generic name Scler<;coccus, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 436.) plant
shrubby ; leaves linear-oblong, attenuated at the base, glabrous
above in the adult state, and clothed with rusty wool beneath,
particularly on the nerves, as well as the branchlets ; stipulas
ovate, acute, quite entire ; flowers axillary, glomerate, almost
sessile. Tj . S. Native of Luzon, one of the Philippines, at
Sorzogon. Some of the fruit examined have 3 cells only.
Rusty Metabolos. Shrub.
1 1 M. LJEVIGA'TUS (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, under the generic
name of Sclerococcus, ex D. C. 1. c.) plant shrubby, smoothish ;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, petiolate, glabrous above, rather sca-
brous on the nerves beneath, as well as on the petioles and
branchlets ; stipulas lanceolate, pectinately ciliated ; flowers ax-
illary, glomerate, almost sessile, Tj . S. Native of the island
of Luzon, one of the Philippines.
Smooth Metabolos. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamelia, p. 542.
VOL. III.
LXXXVI. GONZALEA (this genus is dedicated by Ruiz
and Pavon to F. Gonzaler Laguna, a Spanish botanist). Pers.
ench. no. 265. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 400. Rcem. et Schultes,
syst. no. 466. D. C. prod. 4. p. 436.
LIN. SVST. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx with a subglobose
tube, and a 4-lobed limb. Corolla funnel-shaped or salver-
shaped, villous outside : with a long cylindrical tube, ovate lobes
or segments, and a downy or hairy throat. Stamens 4, inclosed.
Style filiform ; stigma usually 4, somewhat pressed together
into a head. Berry containing 4 pyrenae, rarely 3-2-celled ; cells
or pyrenas many seeded. Seeds minute, angular, dotted. —
South American shrubs, with terete villous branches. Leaves
oval-lanceolate, acuminated. Spikes terminal, or from the axils
of the upper leaves, very long. Flowers disposed in fascicles on
one side of the spikes, and sessile along its axis. — This genus is
possibly divisible into two or three.
SECT. I. GONZALAGI/NIA (see genus for derivation). Ruiz et
Pav. fl. per. prod. p. 12. t. 3. Berries fleshy, containing 4
bony pyrenae. Stipulas twin on both sides.
1 G. PE'NDULA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 132.) leaves ovate, acute,
bullately crenated; flowering branches pendulous; teeth of calyx
bluntish ; stipulas twin on both sides, subulate, fj . S. Native
of Peru, in groves in the province of Chinchao. Gonzalagunia
dependens, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1 . p. 56. t. 86. quinol. suppl. p.
84. t. 1. f. a. Corolla of a purplish rose-colour, woolly, with a
bearded throat and acutish lobes. Berries black, woolly.
Pendulous-branched Gonzalea. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
2 G. PARVIFLORA ; young parts of plant and inflorescence ca-
nescent from down, but the older parts are smoothish j leaves
elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends ; stipulas triangular,
acute, keeled ; cymes 3-7-flowered, on short peduncles, the
whole disposed in a terminal, elongated raceme. fy . S. Native
of Mexico, at Cuesta Grande de Jalacingo. Gonzalagunia? par-
viflora, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 6. p. 415. Leaves half
a foot long, feather-nerved, and reticulately veined. Tube of
calyx tomentose outside. Corolla smoothish outside, and seg-
ments downy, and tube hairy inside. Stigma 2-lobed.
Small- flowered Gonzalea. Shrub.
SECT. II. LYGISTOIDES (from lygistum and idea, similar ; the
plants contained in this section resemble species of Lygistum).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 436. — Buena, Cav. icon. 6. p. 50. t. 571.
anal. hist. nat. hisp, 2. p. 279. but not of Pohl. — Lygistum spec.
Lam. Kunth. — Coccocypselum species, Kunth. Berry almost
dry, containing 4, rarely 3 or 2 chartaceous pyrenae. Stipulas
solitary on each side.
3 G. TOMENi6sA (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 1. p. 225. t. 64.)
leaves oblong, petiolate, acuminated, glabrous and bullate
above, and clothed with white tomentum beneath, and on the
branchlets ; stipulas short, ovate, acute, fj . S. Native of Peru,
in hot places between Loxa and Gonzanama. H, B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 416. Corolla white, tomentose on the
outside, with a hairy throat, and obtuse lobes.
Tomentose Gonzalea. Shrub 8 to 9 feet.
4 G. NIVEA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 436.)
leaves oval-oblong, cuneated at the base, and acuminated at the
apex, smoothish and flat above, and clothed with white tomen-
tum beneath, as well as the branchlets and racemes ; stipulas
subulate. Jj . S. Native of Mexico. Very nearly allied to
G. tomentosa.
Snowy Gonzalea. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
5 G. PULVERULE'NTA (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 1. p. 228.)
leaves lanceolate, obtuse at the base, clothed with powdery pu-
bescence beneath, as well as the branches ; stipulas subulate.
F? . S. Native of Peru, in hot places near Gonzanama. Corolla
white. The rest unknown.
3Z
538 RUBIACE^l. LXXXVI. GONZALEA. LXXXVII. ISERTIA. LXXXVIII. TEPESIA. LXXXIX. EVOSMIA.
Powdery Gonzalea. Shrub 8 to 9 feet.
6 G. PANAME'NSIS (Pers. ench. 1. p. 132.) leaves oblong,
acuminated, acute at the base, petiolate, hairy from very short
down above, and whitish from short tomentum beneath ; stipulas
broad at the base, and subulate at the apex, length of the pe-
tioles, fj . S. Native of Panama and Mexico. Buena Pana-
mensis, Cav. icon. 6. p. 571. Branches sub-tetragonal. Co-
rolla reddish yellow.
Panama Gonzalea. Shrub 5 to 7 feet.
7 G. CORNIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 416.)
leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, acuminated, acute at the base,
petiolate, glabrous above, and downy on the nerves and
veins beneath, as well as the branchlets ; stipulas ovate-subu-
late, length of the petioles. T? . S. Native of New Granada, in
rocky places near Honda. Perhaps only a variety of G. Pana-
mensis.
Dogrvood-leaved Gonzalea. Shrub.
8 G. SPICA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 437.) leaves oblong, acumi-
nated, downy on both surfaces ; stipulas subulate at the apex ;
spikes terminal, elongated ; calycine lobes linear ; fruit almost
always 2-celled. J; . S. Native of Cuba, near Havannah,
Porto-Rico, and Guadaloupe. Lygistum spicatufn, Lam. ill. no.
1477. Gonzalea Panamensis, ex Guadalupa, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
417. ex herb. Balb. Barleria hirsilta, Jacq. obs. with a good
figure.
Var. ft, arborea (D. C. prod. 4. p. 437.) stem arboreous.
17 . S. Native of Cumana, near Santa Cruz, in humid shady
places ; and of New Granada. Coccocypselum spicihum, H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 406. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 416.
far. y, glabrata (D. C. 1. c.) leaves smoothish ; branchlets
downy. Tj . S. Native of Porto-Rico. Hedyotis seciinda,
Spreng. in herb. Balb.
Spiked-Rowered Gonzalea. Shrub 8 to 10 feet.
9 G. INCANE'SCENS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 437.) leaves pubescent
above, and canescent from adpressed silky villi beneath ; lobes
of calyx oblong. J? . S. Native of Tobago ?
Hoary Gonzalea. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamelia, p. 542.
LXXXVII. ISE'RTIA (named after P. E. Isert, a German,
in the Danish service as a surgeon at Danish Accra, on the coast
of Guinea ; who rendered valuable services to botany during his
residence there). Schreb. gen. no. 602. Vahl, eclog. 27. Juss.
mem. mus. 6. p. 399. D. C. prod. 4. p. 437. Phosanthus, Ra-
fin. ann. gen. sc. phys. 6. p. 82.
LIN. SYST. Hexandria, Monogynia. Calyx with a subglobose
tube, and a short permanent 4-6-toothed limb(f. 97. a.), ex Rich.
Corolla with a long tube (f. 97. 6.), which is more slender in the
middle than any where else (f. 97. 6.) ; and with 6 short obtuse
erect lobes at the apex (f. 97. c.), which appear a little twisted
before expansion, densely clothed with yellow down inside, hav-
ing the recesses or sinuses between the lobes drawn out into
little crests. Stamens §~, inclosed (f. 97. d.}. Stigmas linear,
erectly stellate (f. 97. e.). Berries globose (f. 97. g.), crowned by
the calyx (f. 97. A.), containing 6 brittle many seeded triquetrous
pyrenae (f. 97. c.), which are furrowed inside. Seeds subglobose,
truncate at the base. Albumen fleshy. — South American trees
or shrubs, with striated or quadrangular branches. Leaves oval,
acuminated at both ends, on short petioles, clothed with short
down beneath. Stipulas twin on each side, lanceolate-subulate.
Thyrse terminal, many-flowered, spike-formed or panicle-form-
ed ; peduncles opposite. Flowers scarlet
1 I. SPIC^FO'RMIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 437.) leaves oval-ob-
long, acuminated, acute at the base ; thyrse spike-formed ; flowers
on very long pedicels along the axis. \, . S. Native of Guiana
or Cayenne, where it was collected by Patris. Leaves and flowers
like those of /. coccinea, but differing in the inflorescence.
Spike cylindrical, having the flowers on the lower part remote
and opposite, and those at the top crowded. Corollas scarlet.
Spike-formed Isertia. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
2 I. COCCI'NEA (Vahl. eclog. FIG. 97.
amer. 2. p. 27.) leaves oval, acu-
minated, acute at the base;
thyrse oblong, panicled. Tj • S.
Native of Guiana, Cayenne, and
Maranham, as also on the banks
of the Magdalena, among bushes.
Guettarda coccinea, Aubl. guian.
1. p. 317. t. 123. Lam. ill. t.
259. Corolla an inch long, vel-
vety on the outside, scarlet.
Berries red. There is a variety
of this plant, according to Kunth,
having the leaves disposed 3 in
a whorl. The wood is bitter. A
decoction of the leaves is used
by the Creoles in fomentations.
<Scarfe<-flowered Isertia. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub
8 to 12 feet.
3 I. H^ENKEA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 437.) leaves oval, acumi-
nated at both ends ; thyrse ovate, panicle- formed, with verticil-
late branches. tj.S. Native of Mexico. Isertia coccinea, Bartl.
in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. 1. c. Calyxes as in /. parviflora.
Corollas scarlet, a little smaller than those of the preceding, but
one-half larger than those of the following, clothed with fine vel-
vety down on the outside.
Heenke's Isertia. Shrub 8 to 10 feet.
4 I. PARVIFLORA (Vahl, eel. amer. 2. p. 28. t. 15.) upper
leaves oblong : lower ones cordate at the base ; thyrse ovate,
panicle-formed, with opposite branches. Jj . S. Native of Tri-
nidad. Leaves almost glabrous, except on the nerves. Teeth of
calyx 4, and 2 of these are larger than the rest, and are pro-
bably formed of 2 combined ones each. Corolla scarlet, ungui-
cular, glabrous on the outside. Fruit unknown.
Small-flowered Isertia. Shrub 8 to 10 feet.
Cult. The species are worth cultivating in every collection of
stove plants, for the sake of their leaves and panicles of showy
scarlet blossoms ; their culture and propagation are the same as
that recommended for Hamelia, p. 542.
Tribe V.
HAMELIE'jE (this tribe agrees with the genus Hamelia in
the many-celled many-seeded fruit). D. C. prod. 4. p. 438. —
Hameliaceas, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 108. —
Hameliaceae genera, Kunth, syn. 3. p. 63. — Rubiaceae, sect. v.
Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 398. Fruit baccate, many celled (f. 98.
f. h.); cells many seeded. Albumen of seeds fleshy. — Trees
and shrubs, with opposite or verticillate leaves, and interpetiolar
stipulas.
LXXXVIII. TEPE'SIA (meaning unknown to us). Gsertn.
fil. carp. 3. p. 72. t. 192. D. C. prod. 4. p. 438.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an oblong
tube, and a 5-toothed limb, 2 of the teeth opposite each other,
larger than the rest, outer ones erect, incurved, the 2 smaller
teeth connivent. Corolla and stamens unknown. Berry oblong,
crowned by the limb of the calyx, 4-celled. Seeds many", nest-
ling in the pulp. Albumen fleshy. — Perhaps this genus is dis-
tinct from Gonzalea or Evosmia, but it is hardly known.
1 T. DU'BIA (Gaertn. I.e.) T? . G. Native of Chili. Nothing
is known of this plant except the fruit.
Doubtful Tepesia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamelia, p. 542.
LXXXIX. EVO'SMIA (from tv, eu, well, and
RUBIACE^E. LXXXIX. EVOSMIA. XC. SABICEA.
539
osme, a smell ; the young fruit of E. Caripensis is sweet-
scented). Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 2. p. 165. t. 134. Juss.
mem. inus. 6. p. 398. D. C. prod. 4. p. 438. — Euosmia, H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 418. — Evosma, Steud. — Euos-
ma, Wilkl. but not of Andr. — Evosmia species, Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, ;md a very short 4-toothed limb (f. 98. a.). Corolla sub-
rotate, 4-cleft beyond the middle(f. 98. e.b.). Stamens 4, inserted in
the throat (f. 98. b.}, a little exserted or inclosed ; anthers ovate.
Style filiform ; stigma thick or 4-lobed. Fruit ovate (f. 98./.),
crowned by the calyx (f. 98. g.), 4-celled (f. 98. h.) ; cells many
seeded. — Glabrous shrubs or small trees, with terete branches,
natives of South America. Leaves petiolate, oval, acute at both
ends, membranous. Stipulas ovate, acute, short, deciduous. Ra-
cemes short, by twos or threes from the axils of the lower leaves ;
pedicels elongated, capillary. Flowers red. The young fruit in
£. Caripensis is sweet-scented ; hence the generic name.
FIG. 98.
1 E. CAuipE'Nsis(Humb. et
Bonpl. 1. c.) leaves oval, acumi-
nated at both ends ; racemes
loose, a little longer than the
petioles ; pedicels slender, elon-
gated, fj . S. Native of South
America, in the province of
Cumana, near Caripe. Flowers
red (f. 98.).
Caripe Evosmia. Tree 20 ft.
2 E. AGGREGA'TA (Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 417.) leaves lanceo-
late, acuminated ; flowers in
fascicles ; pedicels shorter than
the calyx. Tj . S. Native of
Peru, in groves on the Andes at
Cuchero, Chinchao, and Muna.
O-Higginsia aggreg&ta, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 55. t. 83.
f. b. Higginsia aggregate, Pers. ench. 1. p. 133. According
to Jussieu, this plant is referrible to Sabicea, but according to
Kunth to Gonzalea. But it certainly differs from all the other
species of O-Higginsia of the fl. per. in the fruit being 4-celled
and many-seeded. Flowers red.
•dggregate-fiowered Evosmia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamelia, p. 542.
XC. SABPCEA (altered from Sabisabi, the name of S.
dspera in Guiana). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 192. Lam. ill. t. 165.
Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 400. D. C. prod. 4. p. 439. — Schwenk-
felda, Schreb. gen. no. 306. — Schwenkfeldia, Willd. spec. 1.
p. 982.
LIN. SYST. Telra-Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ob-
long or turbinate tube, and a 4-5-parted permanent limb. Co-
rolla salver -shaped, with a long slender tube, a hairy throat, and
a 4-5-parted limb : with the lobes acute. Stamens 4-5, inclosed
or hardly exserted. Style filiform, clavate at the apex, 4-5-
lobed. Berry almost globose, crowned by the calyx, 4-5-celled ;
cells many seeded. Seeds minute, angular. — Climbing shrubs
or subshrubs. Leaves oval, acute, on short petioles. Stipulas
solitary on both sides. Flowers white, axillary, in sessile fas-
cicles, or corymbose and pedunculate. Corollas pilose.
§ 1. Parts of flowers quinary.
1 S. CINE'REA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 192. t. 75.) leaves ovate,
acutish, villous above in the young state, but at length becoming
glabrous, and clothed with dense white tomentum beneath ; sti-
Eulas broad-ovate, acutish ; flowers bracteate, disposed in axil-
try fascicles. Tj . w. S. Native of Guiana and Cayenne, in
hedges and among bushes. Schwenkfeldia cinerea, Swartz, fl.
ind. occ. 1. p. 452. Willd. spec. 1. p. 492. Flowers white.
Berries villous, red, ex Aubl. Branches hispid. Branchlets
villous.
Grey Sabicea. Shrub cl.
2 S. HI'RTA (Swartz, prod. 1. p. 46.) leaves ovate-lanceolate,
acuminated, hairy on both surfaces ; Stipulas cordate-ovate,
large, membranous ; umbels 3-flowered, on short peduncles ; in-
volucrum of 4 leaves. I? . w. S. Native of Jamaica, and pro-
bably of Trinidad, if the specimen in Sieb. fl. trin. no. 327. be
the same ; of Porto-Rico, according to specimens from Bertero ;
and of Mexico, ex icon. fl. mex. ined. Flowers white. Berries
snow white when ripe, ex Swartz ; but in the figure in fl. mex.
they are painted reddish, and is therefore probably a distinct
species. Branches striated, hairy.
Hairy Sabicea. Shrub cl.
3 S. HIRSU'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 417.)
leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, pilose above, and hairy be-
neath ; stipulas roundish-ovate, acute, reflexed ; flowers dis-
posed in verticillate fascicles, sessile. Ij . w. S. Native of
South America, on the banks of the Orinoco ; of Mexico, ex
Haenke, and probably of Peru. S. villosa, Roam, et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 265. Schwenkfeldia villosa, Willd. rel. mss.
Schwenfeldia hirsuta, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 765. Flowers white.
Hirsute Sabicea. Shrub cl.
4 S. ERIA'NTHA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 439.) leaves elliptic-ob-
long, acuminated, pilose above, and clothed with hoary tomen-
tum beneath ; branches very hairy ; stipulas ovate, acute, gla-
brous inside ; flowers numerous, axillary, sessile ; lobes of calyx
linear ; tube of corolla very pilose on the outside. J? . w. S.
Native of Brazil, at Bahia, in hedges, where it was collected by
Salzmann, G. Don, &c.
Woolly-florvered Sabicea. Shrub cl.
5 S. ? TRIFLORA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 439.) stems twiggy, vel-
vety ; leaves on short petioles, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated,
pale and villous beneath ; stipulas lanceolate-subulate, undivided ;
flowers axillary, 1-3-together, rising from a short peduncle ;
bracteoles ciliated ; ovarium long, glabrous, crowned by the
elongated linear-subulate calycine teeth. Tj . w. S. Native of
Madagascar. Triosteum triflorum, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 37.
Three-flowered Sabicea. Shrub cl. ?
6 S. ? DIVERSIFOLIA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 203.) under side of
leaves and branchlets hoary : the opposite leaves very unequal
among themselves, the larger one broad, elliptic or ovate, ob-
tuse, glabrous above, and hoary beneath ; the smaller one brac-
tea-formed ; flowers almost sessile, glomerate in the axils of the
smaller leaves. Tj . S. Native of Madagascar and the Mauri-
tius. Stamens half exserted. Berry pea-formed, 5-celled,
crowned by 5 bristles, ex A. Rich. Schwenkfeldia diversifolia,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 765. The rest unknown. Perhaps this
plant is properly referred to the present genus.
Diverse-leaved Sabicea. Shrub cl.
§ 2. Parts of flowers usually or always quaternary.
7 S. A'SPERA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 194. t. 76.) leaves elliptic,
acuminated, rough above, and villous beneath ; stipulas oval-ob-
long, acute ; flowers sessile, disposed in subverticillate fascicles.
Tj . w. S. Native of Guiana, on the banks of the river Sine-
mari. Lam. ill. t. 165. Schwenkfeldia aspera, Willd. spec. 1. p.
982. Flowers white. Berries red. Parts of flowers and fruit
varying from quaternary to quinary, ex Aubl.
Rough Sabicea. Shrub cl.
8 S. UMBELLA'TA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 203.) leaves oval, acu-
minated, acute at the base, scabrous on both surfaces from ad-
pressed down, pale beneath ; stipulas ovate, spreading ; corymbs
many-flowered, pedunculate. J? . w. S. Native of Peru, in
groves on the Andes at Cuchero, Macora, and Chinchao.
37 O
It A
540 RUBIACE&. XC. SABICEA. XCI. OLOSTYLA. XCII. AXANTHES. XCIII. UROFHYLLUM. XCIV. HAMELIA.
Schwenkfeldia umbellata, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 55. t. 200.
f. 2. Flowers white. Berries white, roundish.
Umbellate-fiowered Sabicea. Shrub cl.
9 S. PU'MILA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
440.) stem herbaceous, glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, gla-
brous, ciliated with silky down ; stipulas subulate ; heads pedun-
culate, axillary, few-flowered, glabrous. — Native of Peru, on the
mountains about the Guanocco.
Dwarf Sabicea. PI. cl. ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Oldstyla below.
XCI. OLO'STYLA (from oXoe, holos, entire, and
stylos, a style ; the style is undivided;. D. C. prod. 4. p. 440.
— Stylocorina, Labill. sert. caled. p. 47. but not of Cav.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a very short 5-toothed limb. Corolla sub-rotate,
with a short tube, which is pilose inside, and a 5-lobed limb ;
lobes valvate in aestivation, linear-lanceolate, with inflexed edges.
Stamens 5, inserted in the throat of the corolla ; anthers linear,
exserted. Style clavate, undivided. Berry glabrous, crowntd
by the teeth of the calyx and urceolus, 4-celled ; cells many-
seeded. Seeds minute, elliptic, nestling in the pulp. — A gla-
brous unarmed shrub. Leaves opposite, obovate-oblong, cori-
aceous, on short petioles. Stipulas broad, short, apiculated.
Flowers disposed in a terminal somewhat thyrsoid corymb. —
This genus differs from Stylocoryna in the fruit being 4-celled,
not 2-celled as in that genus.
1 O. CORYMBOSA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 440.). Jj . G. Native
of New Caledonia. Stylocorina corymbosa, Labill. sert. cal.
p. 48. Perhaps the same as Gardenia corymbosa of Rchb. icon.
exot. 2. p. 103. t. 106.
Corymbose-fiowered Olostyla. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
Cull. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit this shrub ;
and cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass. It is a very
pretty shrub, and therefore worth cultivating.
XCII. AXA'NTHES (from afar, axon, an axle-tree, and av-
0oc, anthos, a flower ; the flowers are disposed in axillary heads
or corymbs). Blum, bijdr. p. 1002. D. C. prod. 4. p. 440. —
Wallichia, Reinw. cat. hort. buit. ex flora. 1825. p. 107. but
not of Roxb. nor D. C. — Maschalanthe, Blum. herb, ex D.
C. 1. c.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Flowers hermaphrodite,
or dioecious by abortion. Calyx with an urceolate tube and
almost entire limb. Corolla rotate, with a short cylindrical tube,
which is furnished with 5 fascicles of hairs in the throat, and
spreading lobes. Stamens 5 in the hermaphrodite flowers, in-
serted in the throat of the corolla, hardly exserted. Ovarium
and style wanting in the male flowers, but the ovarium in the
female flowers is covered by a sulcate disk. Style short ; stigma
5-lobed : lobes at first connivent. Berry globose, crowned by
the permanent calyx, 5-celled, many-seeded ; placentas fleshy.
Seeds minute, beset with depressed dots.- — Shrubs or trees.
Leaves opposite. Flowers disposed in axillary heads or cymes,
rarely in corymbs.
* Flowers dioecious by abortion.
1 A. MACROPHY'LLA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1002.) stem shrubby ;
ultimate branches rather tetragonal ; leaves oblong, much acu-
minated, acutish at the base, sinning above, but clothed with
adpressed silky down beneath ; heads of flowers axillary, sessile,
involucrated. ^ . S. Native of Java, in mountain woods.
Long-leaved Axanthes. Shrub.
2 A. TOMENTOSA (Blum. herb, and rass. ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 440.) stem unknown ; branches geniculated, clothed with
velvety tomentum ; leaves oblong, much acuminated, glabrous
above, but clothed with velvety tomentum on the nerves beneath
as well as on the petioles ; cymes pedunculate, axillary, (j . S.
Native of Pulo Penang.
Tomentose Axanthes. Shrub.
3 A. STRIGOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1002.) stem arborescent;
ultimate branches geniculated, strigose ; leaves oblong, attenu-
ated at both ends, glabrous above, but rather strigose on the
veins beneath ; flowers on short peduncles, crowded, axillary,
tj . S. Native of Java, on the mountains of Seribu.
Strigose Axanthes. Tree small.
4 A. ARBOREA (Blum. 1. c.) stem arborescent ; branches terete,
glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends,
glabrous ; cymes pedunculate, axillary. Ij . S. Native of
Java, on the higher mountains, in woods. Wallichia arborea,
Reinw. cat. hort. buit. p. 11. ex Blume.
Arboreous Axanthes. Tree.
5 A.TIMORIE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 441.) stem unknown;
branchlets terete, and are as well as the petioles villous ; leaves
oblong, acuminated at both ends, glabrous above, but clothed
with adpressed villi beneath on the veins ; cymes axillary, pe-
dunculate, bifid. Pj . S. Native of the Island of Timor.
Calyx downy. Corolla clothed with strigose villi on the out-
side.
Timor Axanthes. Tree.
* * Flowers hermaphrodite.
6 A. CORYMBOSA (Blum. 1. c.) stem arborescent ; ultimate
branchlets somewhat tetragonal, puberulous ; leaves glaucous,
oblong-lanceolate, much acuminated at both ends, shining above,
but downy beneath as well as the corymbs, which are axillary,
fj . S. Native of Java, on the top of Mount Burangrang.
Corymbose-fiowered Axanthes. Tree.
Cult. See Hamelia, p. 542. for culture and propagation.
XCIII. UROPHY'LLUM (from ovpa, oura, a tail, and
<j>v\\oi>, phyllon, a leaf ; the leaves terminate in very long taper
points). Jack and Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 184. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 441. — Wallichia, Roxb. ined. but not of others.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a short, campanulate rather 5-cleft limb. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a bearded throat and a 5-parted limb ; the
lobes ovate, and valvate in aestivation. Stamens 5, shorter than
the limb ; anthers linear. Stigma thick, 5-lobed. Ovarium
crowned by a glandular disk. Berry globose, 5-celled ; cells
many-seeded. Seeds minute, shining, marked by pentagonal
pores, as in Pomalium. — Erect shrubs. Leaves on short pe-
tioles, oblong-lanceolate, ending each in a very long taper point.
Stipulas oblong, acute, deciduous. Peduncles axillary, short,
bearing verticillate heads of flowers. Bracteas numerous, acute,
surrounding the heads of flowers. Corollas greenish.
1 U. VILLOSUM (Jack and Wall. 1. c.) shrub villous ; branches
terete ; calyx 5-lobed. J? . S. Native of Pulo Penang.
Branches as well as the veins of the leaves densely clothed
with soft hairs. Leaves shining above and villous beneath, 10
inches long.
Villous Urophyllum. Shrub.
2 U. GLA'BRUM (Jack and Wall. I.e.) shrub glabrous ; branches
tetragonal ; calyx almost entire. Tj . S. Native of Pulo Pe-
nang, where it is called Loda Utan by the Malays. Leaves
about 6 inches long.
Glabrous Urophyllum. Shrub.
Cull, See Hamelia, p. 542. for culture and propagation.
XCIV. H AMELIA (so named in honour of Henry Louis du
Hamel du Monceau, the celebrated author of several valuable
RUBIACE.E. XCIV. HAMELJA.
541
works on trees). Jacq. amer. p. 71. Lin. gen. no. 232. Juss.
gen. 207. mem. mus. 6. p. 398. Lam. ill. t. 155. Gsertn. fil.
carp. p. 68. D. C. prod. 4. p. 441.— Duhamelia, Pers. ench.
no. 454. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. xx. — Lonicera species,
Plum. gen. 17. t. 33. — Tangaraca, Adans. fam. 2. p. 147.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an oval
tube, and a 5-toothed limb (f. 99. a.) ; teeth erect, short, acute,
permanent. Corolla with a somewhat pentagonal tube (f. 99.
&.), and a small, 5-lobed equal limb (f. 99. c.), which hardly
spreads at all. Stamens 5, inserted in the middle of the tube (f.
99. 6.) of the corolla, inclosed ; anthers oblong-linear (f. 99. /.).
Stigma obtuse, somewhat pentagonal (f. 99. c.). Berry oval,
5-furrowed, 5-celled (f. 99. d.), crowned by the calyx ; cells
membranous, many-seeded. Seeds small, compressed. Albu-
men fleshy. — American shrubs. Leaves opposite, or 3 or 4
in a whorl, petioJate, oval-oblong, acute at both ends. Stipulas
lanceolate-subulate, solitary on both sides. Cymes dichotomous
or trichotomous, disposed usually in terminal panicles or co-
rymbs. Bracteas small. Flowers of a croceous red colour.
* Leaves verticillate.
1 H. PA'TENS (Jacq. amer. p. FIG. 99.
72. t. 50. pict. t. 72.) leaves 3
in a whorl, oval-oblong, acu-
minated at both ends, clothed
with villous pubescence ; cymes
di-trichotomous, coloured, dis-
posed in a terminal pedunculate
umbel ; corollas cylindrical. I? .
S. Native of St. Domingo,
Cuba, Mexico, Brazil, Peru, &c.
in hedges on the mountains.
Lin. spec. 246. Smith, exot.
bot. t. 24. Gaertn. fil. carp. 3.
p. 196. f. 3. H. coccinea,
Swartz, prod. p. 46. Duha-
melia patens, Pers. ench. 1. p.
203. H. patens, Ruiz et Pav.
fl. per. 2. p. 221. f. a. ? Flowers almost scarlet. Berries
black. Branches villous at top. There are varieties of this
species with velvety, villous, or downy leaves, always most so
on the under surface.
Far. j3, erecta (Lam. diet. 3. p. 68.) racemes erect. V} . S.
Native of Carthagena, in woods ; and of Mango Island. H.
erecta, Jacq. amer. p. 71.
Far. y, quinifblia ; leaves and branches of cymes 5 in a
whorl, f? . S. Native of Mexico, on the mountains of Mahat-
lano. H. patens, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. H. verti-
cillata, fl mex. mss. ined. Perhaps a proper species.
Spreading Hamelia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1752. Sh. 5 to 10 ft.
2 H. XORULLE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
414) leaves 3 in a whorl, elliptic-oblong, acuminated, acute at
the base, glabrous above and downy beneath ; cymes composed
of 5-6 spikes, terminal ; corollas campanulately ventricose.
T? . S. Native of Mexico, on the burning Mount Xorullo.
Flowers of a yellowish red colour.
Xorullo Hamelia. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
3 H. SPHJEUOCA'RPA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 69. t. 221.
f. b.) leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong, hairy on both surfaces ; cymes
coloured, disposed in a terminal panicle ; corollas cylindrically
pentagonal. Tj . S. Native of Peru, in groves. Duhamelia
sphasrocarpa, Pers. Petioles and peduncles red. Flowers
unilateral, pedicellate. Corollas of a reddish coppery colour.
Berry dark purple, globose, hispid.
Round-fruited Hamelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1811. Shrub
8 to 10 feet.
4 H. LATIFO'LIA (Rich, in Sieb. fl. trin. no. 32.) leaves 3 in
a whorl, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, acute at the base, gla-
brous on both surfaces ; cymes dichotomous, few-flowered, dis-
posed in a terminal pedunculate umbel ; corollas cylindrical.
Pj . S. Native of Trinidad. Flowers smaller than those of H.
patens, but similar in colour.
Broad-leaved Hamelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. Shrub
4 to 6 feet.
5 H. VENTRICOSA (Swartz, prod. p. 46. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 445.)
leaves 3 in a whorl, quite glabrous, oval-oblong, acuminated ;
racemes terminal (rarely axillary) ; flowers on long pedicels :
corollas tubularly campanulate, ventricose. ^ . S. Native of
Jamaica, on hills, and among bushes in arid places, where we
have seen it in great abundance from Kingston to the bottom of
the Port Royal mountains, by the road side, and about Spanish
Town ; and of Mexico, about Real del Monte. Lindl. bot. reg.
t. 1195. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1894. H. grandiflora, L'Her.
sert. angl. 4. t. 7. Salisb. par. t. 55. Duhamelia ventricosa,
Pers. ench. 1. p. 203. — Sloane, hist. jam. 2. no. 63. t. 183. f. 2.
Margins of leaves at length becoming reddish. Flowers yellow,
almost an inch long. Berries oblong, scarlet. This species
grows to a considerable sized tree, affording boards for tables
and cabinets, of the softness and grain of elm, whence its name
Spanish elm. The cabinet makers, who use it much, call it
Prince-wood. Perhaps H. pauciflora, Willd. rel. in Rcem. et
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 207. is the same.
Fentricose-Qovfered Hamelia. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1778.
A large shrub or small tree.
6 H. SUAVE'OLENS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
414.) leaves 3-4 in a whorl, oblong, acuminated, glabrous ;
cymes branched, of 5-6 rays ; flowers almost sessile ; corolla
tubular, ventricose at the base. I? . S. Native of New Gra-
nada, on the banks of the Magdalena, near Carapata and Ba-
dilla. Duhamelia odorata, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 267.
Stipulas linear-subulate, not pinnatifid, as said by Willdenow.
Corollas glabrous, purple. There is a variety of this species
having a 6-cleft corolla and 6 stamens.
Sweet-scented Hamelia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1824. Sh. 4 to 6 ft.
* * Leaves opposite.
7 H. CHRYSA'NTHA (Swartz, prod. p. 46. fl. ind. occ. 1. p.
444.) leaves opposite, oval-oblong, cuneated, acuminated, quite
glabrous ; racemes terminal ; flowers pedicellate ; corollas cy-
lindrical. ^ . S. Native of Jamaica, on the mountains among
bushes ; and according to Haenke, herb, of Mexico ; and at
Caraccas, according to Vargas. — Browne, jam. 166. t. 14. f. 1.
— Plum. amer. ed Burm. t. 218. f. 1. — Duhamelia chrysautha,
Pers. ench. 1. p. 203. exclusive of the syn. of Jacq. H. patens,
West. St. Croix. p. 200. Flowers yellow, almost an inch long,
inflated in the middle.
Golden-flowered Hamelia. Fl. Oct. Dec. Clt. 1822. Shrub
4 to 5 feet.
8 H. LU'TEA (Rohr, ex Smith, in Rees's cycl. vol. 17. no. 4.)
leaves opposite, oval, acuminated, acute at the base, glabrous ;
cymes terminal ; flowers almost sessile ; corollas short, with a
ventricose throat. Jj . S. Native of Santa Cruz, and at Ca-
raccas. H. chrysantha, Jacq. coll. 3. p. 204. icon. rar. 2. t.
335. but not of Swartz. Hamelia species, no. 2 without a name.
West. St. Cr. p. 273. Corollas yellow, 4-5 lines long.
Yellow-flowered Hamelia. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
9 H. AXILLA'RIS (Swartz, prod. p. 46. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 443.)
leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; stem suffrutescent ;
cymes bifid or trifid, pedunculate, rising from the forks of the
branches ; flowers secund, sessile ; corollas tubular, pentagonal ;
berry oval-oblong, crowned by the 5 distant subulate teeth of
the calyx. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica, in rocky places among
542
RUBIACEjE. XCIV. HAMELIA. XCV. ALIBERTIA. XCVI. SCHRADERA. XCVII. BRIGNOLIA.
bushes ; and of St. Domingo near rivers. Branches sub-her-
baceous. Flowers pale yellow. Berries small.
Var. /3, appendiculata (D. C. prod. 4. p. 442.) leaves on
longer petioles, and more distinctly acuminated, fj . S. Native
of Porto Rico. H. appendiculata, Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 64.
t. 91. f. 4. H. lucida, Desf.
Axillary Hamelia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1822. Sh. 2 to 3 ft.
10 H. ROSTRA'TA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 442.) leaves usually opposite, rarely 3 in a whorl, ovate,
acuminated, downy beneath, as well as the petioles and branch-
lets ; cymes terminal, 3-4-parted, downy ; corollas glabrous ;
berries ovate-globose, glabrous, beaked. Tj . S. Native of
Mexico, at Acapulco. Branches terete or trigonal.
Beaked-berried Hamelia. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
Cult. All the species of this genus are very ornamental while
in blossom. They are free flowerers and of easy culture. A
mixture of loam and peat is the best soil for them ; cuttings
strike root freely in the same kind of soil, under a hand-glass,
in a moist heat.
XCV. ALIBE'RTIA (named after M. Alibert, a celebrated
French chemist, author of Traitedes Fievres attaxique ; in which
work he mentions the effects of Peruvian bark). A. Rich. mem.
soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 234. t. 21. f. 1. D. C. prod. 4. p.
443. — Genipella, L. C. Rich. ined. — Melanopsidium, Poit. ined.
herb. mus. par.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Flowers incompletely
unisexual by abortion. Limb of calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Co-
rolla tubular, longer than the calyx ; limb spreading, 5-parted :
segments oval, acute. Stamens 5, almost sessile, inserted in the
tube ; anthers linear, inclosed. Style simple, in the male flower
it is clavate, striated, and terminated by an acute simple stigma ;
in the female and hermaphrodite flowers the anthers are shorter
than in the males, and the stigmas are 5 and linear. Berry
somewhat corticate, globose, depressed, crowned by the tubular
limb of the calyx, 5-celled ; cells many-seeded. Seeds wrapped
in thin pulp. — A small tree. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, ob-
long, acuminated. Stipulas rather connate, entire, acute. Flowers
solitary or in fascicles, terminating the branches, cream-coloured,
almost sessile. — Habit of Genipa.
1 A. EDXJ'LIS (A. Rich, 1. c.). T? • S. Native of French
Guiana, where it is called Goiave noire. Genipa edulis, Rich,
act. soc. hist. nat. par. p. 107. Gardenia edulis, Poir. stippl. 2.
p. 708. Melanopsidium nigrum, Coll. hort. rip. t. 35. Leaves
shining above and bearded in the axils of the veins beneath.
Fruit edible.
Edible-fruited Alibertia. Clt. 1823. Tree 12 feet.
Cult. See Hamelia above for culture and propagation.
XCVI. SCHRADE'RA (so named by Vahl, in honour of
Henry Adolph. Schrader, author of Spicelegium Flora Ger-
manicse, Hanover 1794.). Vahl. eclog. 1. p. 35. Juss. mem.
mus. 6. p. 403. D. C. prod. 4. p. 443 — Fuchsia, Swartz, but
not of Lin. — Urceolaria Willd. in Coth. disp. p. 10. Gmel.
syst. 1. p. 390. but not of Molino nor others.
LIN. SYST. Penta-Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an
obovate tube, and a short truncate or sub-denticulated limb.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a terete tube, and a rather dilated
pilose throat ; lobes or segments 5-8, spreading, thickened in-
side, and sometimes furnished with a retrograde callous too'thlet.
Anthers 5-8, sessile, linear, inserted in the throat of the corolla,
hardly exserted. Style short; stigma bifid (ex Vahl and Rich),
quadrifid (ex Swartz). Berries pea-formed, 3-4-sided, crowned
by the limb of the calyx, 2-4-celled ; cells many-seeded. Seeds
very minute, nestling in the pulp. — Glabrous radicant shrubs,
growing on trees. Leaves petiolate, oval or lanceolate, coria-
ceous. Stipulas oval-oblong, falling off at length, but those at
1
the base of the peduncles are more permanent, and may be
called bracteas. Peduncles solitary or numerous, longer than
the petioles. Flowers 4-12 together, sessile, capitate, girded by
an orbicular, entire, or rather lobed involucrum, which is formed
from two combined bracteas.
1 S. CAPITA'TA (Vahl, eel. 1. p. 35. t. 5. exclusive of the syn.
of Swartz) leaves elliptic, bluntish, but more acute at the base ;
peduncles solitary, terminal ; head of flowers girded by a sub-
lobate involucrum ; limb of calyx truncate, quite entire ; corolla
5-6-lobed. Jj . S. Native of Mont-Serrat, on the higher
mountains. Urceolaria exotica, Gmel. syst. 2, p. 390. Branches
square. A climbing sub-parasitical shrub.
Capitate-flowered Schradera. Shrub cl.
2 S. BRASILIE'NSIS (Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 164.)
leaves elliptic, obtuse ; peduncle terminal, solitary ; head of
flowers surrounded by an entire involucrum ; limb of calyx
quite entire ; corolla 5-6-lobed : trie-segments reflexed. Ty . S.
Native of Brazil, in woods at Lake d'Almada, in the province
of Bahia.
Brazilian Schradera. Shrub cl.
3 S. CEPHALOTES (Willd. spec. 2. p. 238.) leaves oblong, acu-
minated ; peduncle terminal, solitary, short ; head of flowers
surrounded by an entire involucrum ; limb of calyx somewhat
denticulated; corolla 7-8-lobed. Jj . S. Native of the interior
of Jamaica, in woods on the mountains. Fuchsia involucrata,
Swartz, prod. p. 62. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 674. Flowers 4-8, within
the involucrum, while. Stigma quadrifid. Berry 4-celled, ex
Swartz.
Headed Schradera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
4 S. POLYCE'PHALA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 444.) leaves oval, acu-
tish ; peduncles numerous, terminal ; heads surrounded by en-
tire involucra ; limb of calyx quite entire ; corolla 5-lobed.
17 . S. Native of French Guiana, where it was collected by
Patris. Berries ovate, crowned by the entire limb of the calyx,
2-3-cellecl ; cells many-seeded.
Many-headed Schradera. Shrub cl.
Cult, The species of this genus are elegant when in flower.
Vegetable mould is the best soil for them ; and they will be
easily increased by separating the rooted branches.
XCVII. BRIGNO'LIA (in honour of J. L. Brignoli, a
professor of Verona, author of Fasciculus rariorum plantarum
Forajuliensium, 4to. Urbina, 1810). D. C. diss. ined. with a
figure, prod. 4. p. 444. but not of Bertol.
LIN. SYST. Hexandria, Monogynia, Calyx with a short
roundish tube, and a 4-toothed limb ; 2 of the teeth larger than
the other 2, and probably made up of 2 combined ones each.
Corolla with a short tube, and a 6-lobed limb ; lobes linear-
oblong, bluntish, longer than the tube, very hairy inside as well
as the throat. Stamens 6, inserted in the tube, alternating with
the lobes ; filaments very short ; anthers linear. Style filiform ;
stigma capitate, undivided. Fruit globose, fleshy, many-seeded,
crowned by the calyx. The rest not sufficiently known. A
shrub or tree. Branches terete, villous. Leaves opposite, pe-
tiolate, oval-oblong, obtuse at the base, acuminated at the apex,
downy on the petioles and nerves, the rest glabrous. Stipulas
twin on both sides, lanceolate, acuminated, but when young
combined into an inter-petiolar stipula, but at length separating
from the base to the apex into 2 parts each. Corymbs terminal,
pedunculate, with a short hairy rachis, and downy crowded,
trichotomous branches. Bracteas ciliated. Flowers sessile in
the forks of the corymb, and at the tops of the pedicels. — This
genus is nearly allied to Isertia, but from the fruit not being
sufficiently known, its place in the order is very doubtful.
1 B. ACUMINA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 444.). Jj . S. Native
of Trinidad, where it was collected by Lockhart. Leaves almost
RUBIACEjE. XCVIII. PATIMA. XC1X. POLYPHRAGMON. C. MORELIA. CI. TRICALYSIA. CII. CORDIERA. 543
a foot long and 3 inches broad, pale beneath. Petioles 8-12
lines long, a little longer than the stipulas. Corymbs much
shorter than the leaves.
Acuminated-leaveA Brignolia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamelia, p. 542.
XCVIII. PATTMA (altered from Patima-Rana, the name of
the first species). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 196. t. 77. Juss. mem.
mus. 6. p. 401. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 25.
f. 2. D. C. prod. 4. p. 444.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a loose, entire, urceolate, tubular, somewhat penta-
gonal limb, with a very short 5-toothed sinuated border. Co-
rolla tubular, hardly dilated towards the apex, with a 5-parted
limb : having the segments long- acuminated, and the inner sur-
faces clothed with dense silky down. Stamens 5, inserted in the
tube ; filaments short ; anthers cordate-oblong, inclosed. Style
simple. Berry roundish, crowned by the limb of the calyx, 4-6
but usually 5-celled; cells many-seeded. Seed very minute,
fixed to a rather fleshy, 2-lobed, prominent trophosperm. —
Small perennial, glabrous subshrubs. Stems straight, terete,
simple. Leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate-oblong, acute at both
ends. Stipulas solitary, short, broad, acute, permanent. Pe-
duncles axillary, short, 1 or few- flowered.
1 P. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 196. t. 77.) leaves on
long petioles ; pedicels numerous, 1-flowered, shorter than the
petioles. 7{.. S. Native of Guiana, in marshes. Leaves a foot
long and 4 inches broad. Berries green.
Guiana Patima. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
2 P. FORSY'THII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 444.) leaves hardly petio-
late ; racemes few-flowered, longer than the petioles. J? . S.
Native country as well as the flowers unknown. This plant was
received from Mr. Forsyth under the name of Patima Guia-
nensis of Aubl. but differs from the plant of Aubl. in the cha-
racters indicated.
Forsyth's Patima. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamelia, p. 542.
XCIX. POLYPHRA'GMON (from 7ro\v, poly, many, and
(fipaynoc, phragmos, a dissepiment ; there is a small transverse
septum separating each seed). Desf. mem. mus. 6. p. 5. t. 2.
Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 399. D. C. prod. 4. p. 445.
LIN. SYST. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a short, permanent, entire, or 5-toothed limb. Co-
rolla salver- shaped, bristly, with a terete tube, and a 10-parted
limb: lobes elliptic-oblong. Stamens 10, inserted in the middle
of the tube of the corolla; anthers linear, inclosed. Style 1,
thickened, furrowed lengthwise ; stigmas 6-7 or more. Berry
globose, 10-20-celled. Seeds oblong, disposed in 1 row in each
cell, and as if they were imbricated, separated by small trans,
verse dissepiments. — Shrubs. Leaves opposite, oval, lanceo-
late, acuminated at both ends, clothed with adpressed silky
down beneath. Stipulas deciduous. Peduncles short, axillary,
1-flowered.
1 P. SERICEUM (Desf. mem. mus. 6. p. 6. t. 2.) calyx quite
entire. Jj . S. Native of the Island of Timor.
Silky Polyphragmon. Shrub.
2 P. ? MINUS (A. Rich, diss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 445.) calyx
5-toothed. fy . S. Native country unknown. Erithalis uni-
fl6ra, Gsertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 93. t. 196. f. 4. Perhaps this plant
is referrible to Timonius.
Smaller Polyphragmon. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamelia, p. 542.
C. MORE'LIA (evidently called after some person of the
name of Morel, of whom we know nothing). A. Rich. mem. soc.
hist. nat. par. 5. p. 23. D. C. prod. 4. p. 617.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx mar-
ginal, erect, nearly entire. Corolla short, tubular, with a 5-
parted limb ; segments lanceolate, spreading, imbricate in aes-
tivation. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat, exserted; anthers
linear. Style simple, thickened and fusiform towards the apex ;
stigma bifid : lobes approximate. Ovarium 4-5-celled ; cells
3-5-ovulate ; ovula fixed to the inner angle of the cell. Fruit
rather fleshy, 4-5-celled; cells 2-3-seeded, crowned by the short
neck of calyx. — A small glabrous tree, native of Senegal, with
the habit of Bacbnia. Branches terete, cinereous, glabrous.
Leaves opposite, elliptic, coriaceous, glabrous. Stipulas inter-
petiolar, deciduous. Flowers axillary, racemose ; racemes some-
what trichotomous.
1 M. SENEGALE'NSIS (A. Rich. 1. c.). ^ . S. Native of
Senegal, where it was collected by Leprieur and Perrottet.
Senegal Morelia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamelia, p. 542.
Tribe VI.
CORDIE'REjE (this tribe contains plants agreeing with the
genus Cordiera in having baccate many-celled fruit, and in the
cells being 1-seeded). A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p.
107. and 222. D. C. prod. 4. p. 445. Fruit baccate, of many
1-seeded cells. This differs from Tribe Guetlardacece in the
fruit not containing pyrense, but true cells ; and from Tribe Ha-
meliece in the cells being 1-seeded, not many-seeded.
CI. TRICALY'SIA (meaning unknown to us). A. Rich,
mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 224. D. C. prod. 4. p. 445.
LIN. SYST. Penta-Hexdndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx
5-6-toothed, wide. Corolla with a shortish tube, a naked throat,
and a 5-6-parted limb ; segments narrow, spreading. Stamens
5-6, inserted in the throat of the corolla, exserted ; filaments
short ; anthers linear. Stigmas 2, linear, shorter, somewhat
recurved, exserted. Ovarium 2- celled ; cells biovulate ; ovula
collateral. — Shrub. Leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, gra-
dually tapering at the base, and joined by the broad, acuminated,
entire stipulas. Flowers downy, almost sessile, crowded in the
axils of the leaves.
1 T. ANGOLE'NSIS (A. Rich, 1. c.). Tj.S. Native of Angola.
Angola Tricalysia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamelia, p. 542.
CII. CORDIE'RA (in honour of Niccolo Cordieri, a cele-
brated French sculptor). A. Rich, mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5.
p. 230. t. 10. f. 2. D. C. prod. 4. p. 445.
LIN. SYST. Monoecia, Pentdndria. Flowers unisexual, with
the sexes on different branches. Male flower. Calyx cup-
shaped, solid, with an entire limb. Corolla salver-shaped, with
a long tube, which gradually tapers to the apex, and is a little
incurved, coriaceous, shining, and as if it were horny ; with a
5-parted limb : having oblong acute lobes, and a very narrow
naked throat. Stamens 4-5, inclosed, inserted in the middle of
the tube ; anthers rising from the bottom of the calyx. Styles
only vestiges. — Female flower. Calyx sub -globose, adnate to
the ovarium, with an entire marginal limb. Corolla straight,
less attenuated at the apex than in the male flowers, with a 4-5-
parted limb. Stamens small, abortive. Disk depressed in the
middle. Stigmas 4-5, subulate. Berry globose, depressed, um-
bilicate, fleshy, 4-8-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Seeds black, smooth.
Albumen fleshy. Embryo parallel with the hylum, having a terete
radicle, and subcordate cotyledons, which are the length of the
radicle. — Bushy shrubs, 4-5 feet high. Leaves opposite, elliptic,
acuminated, glabrous ; stipulas very acute, combined at the
base. Flowers white, occupying the tops of the branches :
male ones by threes, sessile, girded by 4 scale-formed brae-
544
RUBIACE^E. CIII. MORINDA.
teas : the female ones solitary, and furnished with 4 bracteas
each.
1 C. TRIFI.ORA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 445.). f? . S. Native of
Guiana, on the banks of the river Kourou.
Three-flomered Cordiera. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamelia, p. 542.
Tribe VII.
GUETTARDA'CE-Si (this tribe contains shrubs and trees
agreeing with Guettdrda in the fruit containing many 1 -seeded
pyrenae). Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 419. Cham, et Schlecht. in
Linnaea. 4. p. 181. A. Rich, mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p.
107. D. C. prod. 4. p. 446. Rubiacese, sect. vi. Juss. mem.
mus. 6. p. 395. Fruit drupaceous (f. 101. d. f. 103./.), con-
taining from 2-5 1 -seeded pyrenae (f. 103. g.). Seeds terete,
elongated, usually erect. Albumen fleshy. — Shrubs or small
trees. Leaves opposite, rarely by threes, with interpetiolar
stipulas.
SUB-TRIBE I. MORINDE.S: (this sub-tribe only contains the
genus Morinda). D. C. prod. 4. p. 446. Flowers and fruit col-
lected into heads and combined.
CIII. MORI'NDA (altered from Mortis Indica, or Indian
mulberry ; so named by Vaillant, from the shape of its fruit and
country). Vaill. act. acad. par. 1722. p. 275. Lin. gen. no.
235. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 402. Lam. ill. t. 153. Gaertn.
fr. 1. t. 29. A. Rich, mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 211.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 446.— Roioc. Plum. gen. p. 11. t. 26.
LIN. SYST. Penlandria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx obo-
vate, usually combined with those nearest it : limb short, hardly
toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a nearly terete tube, and
a spreading, 5-lobed, rarely 4-lobed limb. Stamens 5, rarely 4 ;
filaments short ; anthers inclosed, except in one species. Style
filiform, usually exserted ; stigma bifid, except in one or two
species, in which it is entire. Berries containing 2-4 1 -seeded
pyrenae each, usually combined, compressed or angular from
being so close together, areolate from the vestiges of the calyx.
Embryo terete, in fleshy albumen. — Shrubs or small trees,
natives within the tropics. Leaves opposite, rarely 3-4 in a
whorl. Stipulas intrapetiolar, usually obtuse and membranous.
Peduncles solitary or numerous, axillary or terminal, sometimes
combined at the base, when this is the case they are said to be
branched. Flowers aggregate, sessile, upon a sub-globose
naked receptacle, forming dense, globose, or ovate heads : having
the berries at length combined into a spurious fruit or compound
berry. The bark of the roots is styptic, and is used by dyers.
SECT. I. Roioc (Royoc is the American name of M. Royoc).
Plum. gen. 11. t. 26. D. C. prod. 4. p. 446. — Morinda of most
authors. Flowers pentamerous, pentandrous. Stigma bifid.
Berries containing 2-4 1 -seeded pyrenae each.
* Peduncles terminal, twin, or lateral and opposite the leaves,
in the latter case one of the opposite leaves is deficient or half
abortive.
1 M. CITRIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 250.) plant glabrous, almost ar-
boreous ; branchlets tetragonal ; leaves oblong, attenuated at
both ends, shining ; stipulas semi-lunar, membranous, obtuse ;
heads on short peduncles, opposite the leaves, bractless ; berries
combined into an ovate mass. J? . S. Native of the East
Indies, as in Malabar and Pegu, &c. as well as of the Society
Islands. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 144. t. 29. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p.
196. Ham. in Lin. trans. 13. p. 533. Lour, coch. p. 140. —
Rheed. mal. 1. p. 97. t. 52. — Rumph. amb. 3. p. 158. t. 99.
Peduncles opposite to a solitary leaf, on the upper side of the
branchlets, each supporting a small head of small white flowers.
Anthers half hid in the tube of the corolla. Berries combined
in the head, white and polished. The root of this species is
employed by the natives of India to dye red.
Var. ft, papyracea (D. C. prod. 4. p. 446.) leaves oblong,
acuminated at both ends, on long petioles, papery ; stipulas
triangular. Pj . S. Native of the East Indies, where it was
collected by Labillardiere.
Var. y, latifblia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate, blunt at the base,
hardly acute ; stipulas broad, membranous, very blunt. Tj . G.
Native of the Islands of O-Wahu and Radak, where it was col-
lected by Chamisso. M. citrifolia, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnea.
4. p. 149.
Citron-leaved Indian-mulberry. Clt. 1793. Tree small.
2 M. TiNcibRiA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 197.) glabrous and
somewhat arboreous ; leaves oblong, almost sessile, smooth,
but not shining ; peduncles opposite the leaves, solitary, much
longer than the petioles ; heads ovate ; stamens inclosed. fj .
5. Native of the East Indies, almost every where. M. citri-
folia, Hunt, in asiat res. 4. p. 35. Trunk seldom above a few
feet in height, but supporting a pretty large shady head of
branches. Leaves pale beneath, from 6-10 inches long. Pe-
duncles supporting each an oval head of pure white jasmine-like
sweet-scented flowers. Fruit like that of M. citrifolia. The
bark of the root is used to dye red ; the colour is fixed with
alum, but it is neither bright nor durable. In some parts of
India it is cultivated for the sake of its roots. In the Circars
the dyers use the bark of the fresh roots bruised and gently
boiled in water for a short time. The cloth or yarn is prepared
in a cold infusion of the powdered galls of Terminalia Chebula,
in milk and water ; it is then dried and moistened with alum
water, and again dried, and receives from the above decoction a
pretty bright but fugitive red. The green fruit are picked by
the Hindoos, and eaten with their curries. The wood is hard
and very durable, variegated with red and white, and is em-
ployed for gun-stocks in preference to all other kinds.
Dyers' Indian-mulberry. Tree small.
3 M. BRACTEA'TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 198.) glabrous and
sub-arborescent, stiff; leaves oblong, shining, on short petioles;
stipulas large, semi-circular at the apex ; peduncles solitary,
opposite the leaves, bracteate. F? . S. Native of the East
Indies, in the Gamjam district ; also of the Moluccas and Phi-
lippines. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 149. Ham. in
Lin. trans 13. p. 534. Blum, bijdr. p. 1006. — Rumph. amb.
3. p. 157. t. 98. Leaves deep green and polished on both sides.
The crown of the germ has frequently a small portion of it
growing to be a long linear-lanceolate leaf. The anthers are
inclosed, and the stigmas exserted, as in most of the other .
species of the genus. Peduncles supporting each a small head
of small pure white flowers. Berries combined, 4-seeded.
Corolla with a very villous throat.
Bracteate Indian-mulberry. Tree small.
4 M. EXSE'RTA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 199.) arboreous;
branches somewhat tetragonal, sometimes villous ; leaves on
short petioles, oval, acute, smooth, or downy beneath ; stipulas
emarginate ; peduncles opposite the leaves, generally solitary,
but sometimes rising by twos or threes ; heads roundish ; stigma
inclosed ; stamens exserted. Jj . S. Native of Bengal. Branches
spreading in every direction. Peduncles supporting each a head
of many pure white jasmine-like flowers. Berries 4-seeded,
combined.
Exserted-stameneA Indian-mulberry. Shrub 6 to 12 feet.
5 M. GEMINA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 447.) branches tetragonal,
puberulous ; leaves obovate or oval, cuneated at the base, hardly
petiolate, rather downy beneath ; peduncles twin, opposite the
leaves ; stigma and anthers at the throat. Ij . S. Native of
RUBIACEjE. CIII. MORINDA.
545
Gambia and Casamanca, among bushes, where it was collected
by Leprieur and Perrottet. Flowers white.
TVra-peduncled Indian-mulberry. Shrub.
6 M. MULTIFLORA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 200.) sub-arboreous ;
leaves oval-oblong, acute, with undulated margins, downy on
both sides, but particularly so beneath ; peduncles terminal and
opposite the leaves, solitary or twin or tern, villous, usually
compound ; heads nearly globose, many-flowered. ^ • S.
Native of the East Indies, in Berar. Stamens inclosed. Style
exserted. Berries combined in a head, about the size of a mul-
berry, each containing 4 seeds This plant is cultivated about
Nagpore for the sake of its roots, as the other species are in
various other parts of India, and for the same purpose.
Many-flowered Indian Mulberry. Tree small.
7 M. PUBE'SCENS (Smith, in Rees's cylc. vol. 24. no. 3.)
young branches tomentose ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acumin-
ated at both ends, scabrous, but with villous veins ; peduncles
hairy, opposite the leaves, and terminal ; heads globose, few-
flowered ; corollas elongated, almost glabrous. Ij . S. Native
of the Mauritius.
Downy Indian-mulberry. Tree or shrub.
8 M. sQUABRbsA (Ham. in Lin. trans. 13. p. 535.) shrubby,
erect, glabrous ; leaves elliptic or lanceolate, undulated ; pe-
duncles naked, opposite the leaves, solitary, twice the length of
the petioles ; heads ovate, nodose in the fructiferous state from
the berries being prominent. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies,
among bushes at Camprura. Berries of a livid whitish colour :
having the pulp white and diaphanous, each containing 4 seeds
never combined or conferruminated, many of them abortive.
Squarrose Indian-mulberry. Shrub.
9 M. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 201. but not of
Roth.) shrubby, erect, glabrous ; leaves elliptic or lanceolate,
blistered, almost sessile ; stipulas somewhat cordate, united into
a ring ; peduncles short, solitary, almost terminal, but usually
opposite the leaves ; heads globose, many-flowered ; berries
distinct in the head, tj . S. Native of the East Indies, at
Chittagong. Roxb. cor. 3. t 237. Peduncles seemingly ter-
minal when they begin to blossom, but soon afterwards a branch
shoots out from between each peduncle and its respective oppo-
site leaf, which marks their proper situation to be opposite the
leaves, supporting each a head of pure white jasmine-like flowers.
Anthers hid in the middle of the tube. Berries succulent, of a
deep shining black, with very dark-coloured pulp, containing 4
seeds each. The root of this species is used by the natives of
India for dyeing, where the plant is in plenty.
Narrow-feared Indian-mulberry. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1816.
Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
10 M. FEESiCiEFOLiA (Ham. in Lin. trans. 13. p. 535.)suffru-
ticose, diffuse, glabrous ; branches tetragonal ; leaves elliptic,
acute, on short petioles ; stipulas subulate, longer than the pe-
tioles ; heads sessile, solitary, opposite the leaves, usually con-
taining about 10 flowers, and sometimes bracteated by a leaf,
f; . S. Native of Pegu and Ava, in woods. Corolla incurved,
much longer than the head.
Peach-leaved Indian-mulberry, Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
11 M. TURBACE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
380.) shrub downy, twining ; leaves obovate-oblong, acute ;
stipulas connate at the base, acute, downy ; heads terminal and
opposite the leaves, on very short peduncles ; corollas villous
on the outside. fj . S. Native of New Granada, between Tur-
baco and Carthagena. Flowers white.
Turbaco Indian-mulberry. Shrub cl.
* * Terminal peduncles tnin, but the lateral and axillary ones
ate solitary.
12 M. Roio'c (Lin. spec. 250.) glabrous, procumbent at the
VOL. III.
base ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, on short
petioles ; stipulas broad, very short, mucronate ; heads small,
axillary, and nearly terminal, on short peduncles. fj . S. Na-
tive of St. Domingo, Cuba, and Mexico. Jacq. hort. vind. t.
16. Lin. hort. cliff, p. 73. Roioc humifusum fructu Cupres-
sino. Plum. gen. p. 11. t. 26. Pluk. aim. t. 212. f. 4. Flowers
white. . Berries 1 -seeded, ex Plum., but 2-seeded, ex Lin.,
combined into a globose head. The roots dye linen of a dark
colour.
JRoioc Indian-mulberry. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1793. Shrub
procumbent.
13 M. LONGIFLORA ; a branched rather climbing shrub ;
leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated ; peduncles short, axillary,
bearing each a head of 6-7 flowers. ^ . S. Native of Sierra
Leone, among bushes. Corolla white, wilh a very long tube.
Long-Jlonered Morinda. Shrub cl.
14 M. QUADRANGULA'RIS ; shrubby ; branches rather quad-
rangular ; leaves broad, oblong, acute, membranous, veiny ;
peduncles axillary, bearing each a head of 9-10 flowers. Jj . S.
Native of Sierra Leone, among bushes on the mountains, and in
the lowlands. (V. S. in herb. Lamb.).
Quadrangular-branched Indian-mulberry. Shrub 3 to 4 ft.
15 M. PEDUNCULA'RIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 380.) glabrous, erect ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated,
shining; stipulas short, connate, acuminated; heads axillary,
on long peduncles ; bracteas ovate, acuminated, fj . S. Native
of South America, in woods on the banks of the Orinoco, near
San Borja. Branchlets tetragonal. Corollas white, glabrous.
Tube of calyx downy.
/Wwncj<far-flowered Indian-mulberry. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
16 M. RETUVSA (Lam. and Poir. diet. 4. p. 316.) arboreous,
glabrous ; leaves obovate, obtuse, attenuated at the base, on
short petioles, shining above ; stipulas connate, membranous,
obtuse ; heads globose, on short peduncles, terminal ? Ij . S.
Native of Madagascar, where it is called Lingo. Poiret says,
in his diagnosis of this species, that the heads are lateral, but
in his description he says they are exactly terminal.
Retuse-leaved Indian-mulberry. Tree.
17 M. PALMETORUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 448.) shrubby, gla-
brous ; leaves oval-lanceolate, acuminated, on short petioles ;
stipulas broad-ovate, cuspidate, membranous, foliaceous ; heads
almost terminal, solitary, globose, on peduncles, which are
shorter than the leaves. Jj . S. Native of Africa, in Cayor
and Gambia at the roots of palm-trees, where it was collected
by Leprieur and Perrottet. Peduncles variable in length, from
•| an inch to 3 inches long. Limb of calyx campanulate, hardly
5-toothed. Corolla villous on the outside. Style short. An-
thers almost exserted.
Palm Indian-mulberry, Shrub.
18 M. STENOPHY'LLA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 749.) branches
nearly terete, glabrous, but when young rather tetragonal, and
clothed with grey tomentum ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acumi-
nated at both ends, on short petioles, grey from very short to-
mentum ; stipulas lanceolate, at length reflexed ; peduncles
axillary, solitary, tomentose. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies,
near Beddir, where it is cultivated for its roots, which are used
for dyeing. M. angustifolia, Roth, nov. spec. p. 147. but not
of Roxb. The figure in Rumph. amb. 3. t. 98. is sometimes
referred to for this species, but is probably distinct.
Narrow leaved Indian-mulberry. Shrub or tree.
19 M. TOMENTOSA (Heyn. in Roth, nov. spec, 147.) branchlets
angular, glabrous ; leaves sub-cordate, ovate, acuminated,
clothed with grey tomentum beneath, and on the veins above ;
petioles long, channelled ; peduncles axillary, solitary, fj . S.
Native of the East Indies. Perhaps the same as the following,
but it differs in the glabrous branches and long petioles.
4 A
516
RUBIACE.E. CHI. MORIKDA.
Tomentose Indian-mulberry. Shrub.
20 M. MU%DIA (Ham. in Lin. trans. 13. p. 536.) sub-arbo-
reous ; branchlets tetragonal, tomentose ; leaves cordate-elliptic,
acuminated, tomentose on both surfaces, on very short petioles ;
stipulas usually bifid ; peduncles axillary, solitary, bractless,
shorter than the petioles. ^ . S. Native of the coast of Coro-
mandel, in the woods of Carnata, where it is called Mudi. Each
head contains 5-6 flowers.
Mudi Indian-mulberry. Tree small.
21 M. CHACHU'CA (Ham. 1. c.) sub-arboreous; branches hex-
agonal ; leaves elliptic, acute, often 3 in a whorl, scabrous above,
pubescent beneath, and bearded at the axils of the ribs ; sti-
pulas semi-circular, often 2-lobed ; peduncles axillary, solitary,
naked, a little longer than the petioles. Tj . S. Native of
Bengal, in woods at Matsia and Magadha, where it is called
Chakhuca, i. e. six eyes, from the heads containing only 6
flowers. The bark of the root is used in dyeing red, like others
of the species.
Chachuka Indian-mulberry. Shrub.
22 M. NODOSA (Ham. 1. c.) sub-arboreous ; branches obtuse-
angled ; leaves opposite, or 3-4 in a whorl, glabrous, elliptic,
acute, on very short petioles ; stipulas marcescent ; heads axil-
lary and terminal, pedunculate, egg-shaped, nodose from many
of the berries being abortive. Fj . S. Native of the East Indies,
in the woods of Magadha. Very like M. Coreia.
Nadose-headed Indian-mulberry. Tree.
23 M. CORE'IA (Ham. 1. c.) arboreous ; branches with obtuse
angles, glabrous ; leaves elliptic, acute, undulated, glabrous, on
very short petioles ; stipulas marcescent ; peduncles axillary,
and terminal, much longer than the petioles, glabrous, bracteate
at the apex ; heads roundish. Tj . S. Native of the East In-
dies, in the woods of Mithila, where it is called by the natives
Koreia. Flowers white, large, sweet-scented, 10-12 in each head.
Koreia Indian-mulberry. Tree.
* Peduncles crowded, umbellate.
24 M. UMBELLA'TA (Lin. spec. 250.) arboreous, erect: leaves
petiolate, lanceolate- ovate ; peduncles crowded, terminating the
branches, Tq . S. Native of Ceylon. This plant is unknown
at the present day, and probably the same as M. microcephala.
Umbellate-Rovfered Indian-mulberry. Clt. 1809. Tr. or ah.
25 M. MICROCE'PHALA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C.
prod. 4. p. 449.) shrub glabrous, climbing a little ; branches
terete ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute ; stipulas ovate-triangular,
acuminated, 3 times shorter than the petioles ; heads peduncu-
late, 4 together, forming umbels at the tops of the branches.
Jj . S. Native of the Island of Luzon. Flowers white.
Small-headed Indian-mulberry. Shrub cl.
26 M. COCHINCHINE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 449.) arboreous ;
branches spreading; leaves lanceolate, hispid; peduncles crowded,
lateral. fj . S. Native of Cochin-china, in woods. M. umbel-
lata, Lour. coch. p. 140. Fruit-bearing heads round, small,
yellowish, composed of many berries. Flowers white.
Cochin-china Indian-mulberry. Tree.
27 M. SCA'NDENS (Roxb. fL.ind. 2. p. 202.) shrubby, climb-
ing ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, on short
petioles ; stipulas membranous, obtuse ; peduncles numerous,
umbellate, terminal. Jj . w. S. Native of the East Indies, on
the east side of Point de Galle Bay. Leaves 3 inches long, and
an inch broad. Petioles hardly longer than the stipulas. Pe-
duncles 7-8, short. Fruit-bearing heads globose, about the size
of a pea. Flowers white, few in each head.
Scandent Indian-mulberry. Shrub cl.
28 M. SARMENTOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1006.) climbing; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles terminal by
twos or threes, and twin and axillary, concrete at the base, or
they may be said to be solitary and bifid ; heads usually containing
only 4 flowers. ^ • w S. Native of Java, on Mount Buran-
grang in the province of Krawang. Allied to M. scdndens.
Twiggy Indian-mulberry. Shrub cl.
29 M. LA'XA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
449.) leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends, membranous,
downy beneath as well as on the branchlets ; stipulas semi-cir-
cular, cuspidate ; floriferous branchlets rising from the axils of
the superior leaves, opposite, bearing each 2 leaves, and nu-
merous small peduncled heads, which are disposed in an umbel-
late manner. Jj . S. Native of Mexico.
Loose Indian-mulberry. Shrub.
SECT. II. PADAVA'RA (Pada-vara is the Malabar name of
M. tetrdndrd). D. C. prod. 4. p. 449. Flowers tetramerous,
tetrandrous. Style bifid at the apex. Berries containing each
4 1-seeded pyrenas. Perhaps a proper genus.
30 M. TETRA'NDRA (Jack, in mal. misc. 1. no. 2. p. 13. and
in fl. ind. 2. p. 203.) shrubby, diffuse, glabrous ; leaves lanceo-
late, ciliated with glands in the axils of the veins beneath ;
stipulas truncate ; peduncles terminal, umbellate. >j . S. Na-
tive of the Malay Islands. Pada-vara, Rheed. mal. 7. p. 51.
t. 27. M. Padavara, Juss. in Roem. etSchultes, syst. 5. p. 216.
M. Royoc, Lour. coch. p. 140. but not of Lin. Peduncles 5-10
together. Segments of corolla bearded inside. Berries yellow,
combined into heads. Anthers 4, inclosed. A small diffuse
shrub.
Tetrandrous Indian-mulberry. Shrub diffuse.
31 M. PARVIF6LIA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 449.) shrubby, glabrous; sterile branches twining; leaves
linear-oblong, cuspidate, glabrous, as well as in the axils of the
veins ; stipulas combined into a truncate sheath ; heads terminal,
4-5 together in an umbel, pedunculate, fj . S. Native of the
Island of Luzon. Very like the last species, but the number
of the parts of the flower is unknown.
Small-leaved Indian-mulberry. Shrub.
SECT. III. PHYLLIRJEA'STRUM (from Phylliraea and astrum,
an affixed signification, like; the shrub contained in this section
has much the habit of Phyllirce~a). D. C. prod. 4. p. 449.
Flowers tetramerous, tetrandrous. Style clavate, undivided.
Berries containing each 4 1 -seeded pyrenae. Perhaps a proper
genus.
32 M.? FHYLLiRjEoiDEs (Labill. nov. caled. p. 49. t. 49.)
shrubby, glabrous, erect ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, on short
petioles; stipulas short, membranous, marcescent ; heads axil-
lary, opposite, almost sessile, few-flowered. fj . S. Native of
New Caledonia. Leaves rather sulphur-coloured beneath when
dry. Heads smaller than a pea. Calyx nearly entire. Corolla
4 cleft, short. Style clavate. Berry 4-celled; cells 1-seeded.
Phyllircea-like Indian-mulberry. Shrub 5 feet.
SECT. IV. CHRYSORH!ZA (from xpvtroe, chrysos, gold, and
pi£a, rhiza, a root ; the roots are yellow). D. C. prod. 4. p. 450.
Flowers pentamerous, pentandrous. Berries 2-celled, 2-seeded,
Heads of flowers opposite the leaves. Habit of the other spe-
cies of Morinda, but probably a proper genus.
33 M. CHRYSORHIZA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 450.) shrub much
branched ; branchlets glabrous, bluntly tetragonal ; leaves ob-
long-elliptic, on short petioles, pubescent in the axils of the
veins beneath ; stipulas roundish, foliaceous, entire ; heads pe-
dunculate, opposite the leaves. P? . S. Native of Guinea,
where it is called by the natives Boj-tegi-ljo. Psychotria ?
chrysorhiza, Schum. pi. guin. p. 111. Corolla salver-shaped,
white. Stigma bipartite.
Golden-rooted Indian-mulberry. Shrub.
RUBIACE^E. CIV. MYRMECODIA. CV. HYDNOPHYTUM. CVI. HYPOBATHRUM. CVII. NERTERA.
547
•f- A species not sufficiently known.
34 M. MACKOPHY'LLA (Desf. cat. hort. par. ed. 3. p. 404.)
stem erect ; branches quadrangular ; leaves broad-elliptic, acute,
glabrous, on short petioles ; stipulas twin, ovate, spreading.
1? . S. Native country unknown. Cultivated in the stove of
the Jardin du Roi, Paris, but has never flowered.
Long-leaved Indian-mulberry. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamelia, p. 542.
SUBTRIBE II. GUETTA'RDEJE (this sub-tribe contains shrubs
agreeing with Guettdrda in the flowers being distinct). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 450. Flowers distinct, never combined.
CIV. M YRMECO'DIA (from ^vpfin^ /j.vpftnKos, myrmex myr-
melcos, an ant or emmet ; ants form nests in the tubers of the
roots). Jack, in Lin. trans. 14. p. 122. Blum, bijdr. p. 1001.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 450. — Lasiostoma species, Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx tubular,
with an entire border. Corolla funnel-shaped, 4-cleft, having the
throat closed by arched scales or hairs. Stamens 4, inclosed.
Ovarium covered by a fleshy disk. Style 1 . Stigma simple (ex
Jack.), quadrifid (ex Blum.). Drupe baccate, crowned by the
annular base of the calyx, containing each 4 triquetrous, 1 -seed-
ed, chartaceously arillate pyrenae. Embryo erect. — Half para-
sitical suffruticose plants, tuberous at the base. Leaves opposite,
crowded, petiolate, glabrous. Stipulas petiolar, ciliated. Flowers
sessile. The germinating plant has a tumid base (ex Blum.).
1 M. INE'RMIS (Gaud, in Freyc. voy. p. 472. t. 95.) tubers
unarmed ; leaves obovate-oblong ; limb of calyx almost entire ;
tube of corolla pilose inside ; stigma simple, tomentose. T; • S.
Native of the Moluccas and Pulo Nias, parasitical upon trees.
M. tuberosa, Jack, in Lin. trans. 14. p. 122. Lasiostoma tu-
berosum, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 423. Nidus germinans, Rumph.
amb. 6. p. 119. t. 55. f. 2.
Unarmed Myrmecodia. Shrub.
2 M. ARMA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 450.) tubers covered with
rows of prickles ; leaves oblong-cuneated ; limb of calyx quite
entire ; throat of corolla closed with arched scales ; stigma
quadrifid. J? . S. Native of the western provinces of Java,
in the mountains, upon trees, where it is called by the natives
Tankurah. M. tuberosa, Blum, bijdr. p. 1001. — M. echinata,
Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. bot. t. 96. has the stem beset with
rows of prickles ; stipulas twin on both sides, connected by their
bases within the petioles into a bifid limb ; leaves petiolate, ellip-
tic, acute at both ends ; but perhaps both plants are the same.
Armed Myrmecodia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Schradera, p. 542.
CV. HYDNOPHYTUM (from ttvov, hydnon, a tuber,
and (pvrov, phyton, a plant; the trunks of the species are irregu-
larly formed tubers). Jack, in Lin. trans. 14. p. 124. Blum,
bijdr. p. 955. D. C. prod. 4. p. 450. — Lasiostoma species,
Spreng. — Myrmecodia species, Gaud. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist,
nat. par. 5. p. 224.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx short,
entire. Corolla with a short tube, which is hairy inside, and a
flat, 4-lobed limb. Stamens 4, inserted in the throat ; filaments
short. Style filiform ; stigma 2-lobed. Drupe juicy, contain-
ing 2 1-seeded pyrenae, which are flat inside, and convex on the
back, coriaceous. Embryo erect, in the center of the albumen.
— Falsely parasitical shrubs, growing upon trees, tuberous at the
base. Leaves oval, on short petioles. Stipulas small, linear.
Flowers axillary, sessile, white. — 'Habit of the Myrmecodia.
1 H. FORMICA'RUM (Jack. 1. c. Blum. 1. c.) leaves almost sessile,
oval, rounded at the apex. Tj . S. Native of the Moluccas,
Sumatra, and Nusa-Kambanga, upon trees in the woods. La-
siostoma formicarum, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 428. Nidus ger-
minans formicarum nigrarum. Rumph. amb. 6. p. 119. t. 5.5.
The trunk of this plant is an irregular tuber, fixed to trees by
fibres like the stems of ivy ; it is hollow inside, and becomes
the nest of black ants.
Ants' Hydnophytum. Shrub parasitical.
2 H. MONTA'NUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 956.) leaves on short pe-
tioles, oblong, obtuse. Jj . S. Native of Java, on the moun-
tains, in the province of Buitenzorg, upon trees. The base of
the stem is swollen, as in the first species.
Mountain Hydnophytum. Shrub parasitical.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Schradera, p. 542.
CVI. HYPOBATHRUM (from i/™, hupo, upon, and
fiadpov, bathron, a seat ; flowers seated on flat axillary recep-
tacles). Blum, bijdr. p. 1007. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat.
par. 5. p. 198. D. C. prod. 4. p. 451.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx small,
4-toothed. Corolla small, sub-campanulate, with a villous
throat, and a 4-cleft spreading limb. Stamens 4, inserted in the
mouth of the tube ; filaments very short. Style short, perfo-
rating the disk ; stigma bifid in the throat. Drupe crowned by
the calyx, 2-celled ; cells containing each 2 1-seeded pyrenae.
Embryo inverted in the albumen. — A shrub, having the habit of
Coffea, with divaricate branches. Leaves distich. Flowers
densely crowded on sessile hemispherical, axillary receptacles,
sessile, bracteate, umbellate ; but the fruit is pedicellate.
1 H. FRUTE'SCENS (Blum. 1. c.). Tj . S. Native of Java, in
woods on Mount Burangrang.
Shrubby Hypobathrum. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamelia, p. 542.
CVII. NERTE'RA (vtprtpoe, nerteros, inferior ; in allusion
to the plant creeping on the ground). Banks, in Gsertn. fr. 1.
p. 124. t. 26. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 376. A. Rich, mem.
soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 219. D. C. prod. 4. p. 451. — Nerteria,
Smith, icon. ined. 2. p. 28. t. 28. — Gomozia, Mutis, in Lin. fil.
suppl, p. 17. — Erythrodanum, Pet. Th. fl. trist. d'ac. p. 41.
LIN. SYST.' Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube and a small 4-toothed limb. Corolla funnel-shaped, sub-
campanulate, 4-cleft (f. 100. i.), glabrous inside. Filaments
rising from the bottom of the corolla (f. 100. c.), but not adnate
to its tube ; anthers roundish, hardly exserted. Style filiform ;
stigmas 2, hairy (f. 100. rf.). Berry roundish (f.lOO.f.), umbilicate,
containing 2-4 1-seeded, coriaceous pyrenae. Seeds semi-ovate,
convex on the outside, flat and furrowed inside. Albumen
horny. Embryo dorsal, straight, inverted (ex Gsertn.), erect
(ex Pet. Th. and Blum.). — Creeping herbs, with the habit of
Michella. Leaves opposite, rather fleshy, oval. Stipulas small.
Flowers terminal, sessile, solitary, white. Berries red. — Perhaps
this genus is sufficiently distinct FIG. 100.
from Michella.
1 N. DEPRE'SSA (Banks, in
Gaertn. 1. c.) stems low, creep-
ing ; leaves petiolate, flat, sub-
acuminated. If. . G. Native
of New Granada on Silla de
Caraccas, Peru, Chili, Falkland
Islands, Tristan d'Acunha, Java,
&c. in humid or marshy places.
N. depressa, Smith, icon. ined.
2. t. 28. Tratt. arch. 3. p. 129.
D'Urv. fl. mal. p. 45. Gaud,
fl. mal. p. 16. Erythrodanum
alsineforme, Pet. Th. fl. trist.
p. 42. t. 10. Gomozia Grana-
tensis, Mut. in Lin. fil. suppl.
4 A 2
548
RUBIACE^E. CVII. NERTERA. CVIII. MITCHELLA. CIX. MEPHITIDIA.
p. 49. N. repens, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 60. t. 90. The
figure in Smith's icon. ined. exhibits much exserted anthers, and
the figure of fl. per. a long exserted style, but the figure in
Pet. Th. trist. has neither the anthers nor style exserted. There
are therefore two distinct species confounded under this name.
The specimens from Madagascar have pentamerous flowers (ex
Rich.), and those from Java have acuter leaves, on longer pe-
tioles than any other ; these are probably specifically distinct.
Depressed Nertera. PI. creeping on the ground.
2 N. ADSU'ROENS (Pet. Th. fl. trist. d'ac. t. 11.) stems root-
ing at the base, but at length ascending at the points ; leaves
almost sessile, oval, undulated, with callous edges. 11. F. Native
of the Island of Tristan d'Acunha. Carm. in Lin. trans, vol. 12.
p. 505. Erythrodamnn majus, Pet. Th. fl. trist. d'ac. p. 42. A
larger plant than the preceding.
Rising Nertera. PI. creeping.
3 N. ? ALSINOIDES (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 6. p. 413.)
leaves pubescent, and ciliated at first, but at length becoming
glabrous ; peduncles axillary, deflexed when in fruit, about equal
in length to the leaves; drupes juicy, globose. Tf.. F. Native
of Mexico, at Cuesta Grande de Jalacingo. Herb beset with a
few stiffish white hairs. Drupe bluish-black, containing 2 coria-
ceous 1 -seeded pyrenae.
Chickneed-like Nertera. PI. creeping.
Cult. The species of Nertera are small creeping suffruticose
evergreen plants, of little beauty even when in flower ; they
grow best in a mixture of turfy peat and sand ; and are increased
easily by separating the rooted creeping stems. They may be
placed among the alpine plants in summer, but in winter they
will require the protection of a green-house. They should be
grown in pots well drained with sherds, placed in pans of water.
CVIII. MITCHE'LLA (so named by Linnaeus in honour
of John Mitchell, M.D. a physician in Virginia, who described
many genera of Virginian plants, which were published in act.
nat. cur. for. 1748). Lin. gen. no. 134. Juss. gen. 205. mem.
mus. 6. p. 373. Lam. ill. t. 63. Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 70. t.
192. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 220. D. C. prod.
4. p. 452. — Chamsedaphne, Mitch, gen. p. 17. but not of
Buxb.
LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate-
globose tube, and a large 4-toothed limb. Corolla funnel-
shaped, with a terete tube, and a 4-lobed spreading limb, having
the throat and lobes of the limb hairy inside. Filaments adnate
to the tube, almost to the throat ; anthers ovate, hardly exserted.
Style filiform ; stigmas 4, inclosed. Berries almost globose,
crowned by the teeth of the calyx, containing 4 horny 1 -seeded
pyrenae each ; and sometimes containing 8, when 2 berries are
combined. Albumen somewhat cartilaginous. Embryo minute,
erect, with very short cotyledons. — American glabrous creeping
evergreen herbs, with the habit of Linnaea or Nertera. Leaves
roundish or ovate. Stipulas small, solitary on each side.
Flowers axillary and terminal, sometimes combined by twos at
the tops of the peduncle, and sometimes solitary and sessile.
1 M. REOPENS (Lin. spec. p. 161.) leaves roundish; flowers 2
on the top of each peduncle, combined ; berries combined. I/ .
H. Native of North America, from Boston to Carolina ; Upper
Canada ; and of Mexico between Pueblo- Viejo and Real del
Monte, in shady woods at the roots of trees, and among moss.
— Pluk. aim, t. 444. f. 2.— Cat. car. t. 20.— Petiv. gaz. t. 1. f.
13. Corollas white, tinged with purple, usually 2 together on
the top of each peduncle, and seated on two combined ovaries;
the flowers are sometimes also combined, and therefore 8-cleft,
according to the obs. of Torrey. Berries red, insipid.
Creeping Mitchella. Fl. June. Clt. 1761. PI. cr.
2 M. OVA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 452.) leaves ovate, acutish ;
flowers solitary, sessile. If. . F. Native of South America, in
humid places at the foot of the burning mount Tunguragua, in
the kingdom of Quito. Flowers white, solitary, not by twos.
Nertera tetrasperma, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
379. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 492. exclusive of the synonymes.
Ovate-leaved Mitchella. PI. cr.
Cult. These are small creeping evergreen plants of very little
beauty ; they will grow very well in a peat border, or in pots
filled with a mixture of peat and sand, placed among other
alpine plants ; they are easily increased by separating the creep-
ing stems.
CIX. MEPHITI'DIA (from mephitis, a damp of the earth;
in reference to the ungrateful smell of the shrubs). Reinw. in
Blum, bijdr. D. C. prod. 4. p. 452. — Lasianthus, Jack, in Lin.
trans. 14. p. 125. Blum, bijdr. p. 995. A. Rich. mem. soc.
hist. nat. par. 5. p. 210. but not of Lin.
LIN. SYST. Tetra-Hex&ndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx
3-6-parted or toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, regular, 4-6-
cleft, for the most part hairy. Stamens 4-6, inserted towards
the throat ; filaments very short ; anthers linear, exserted or in-
closed. Stigmas 4-9, linear, thick. Drupe baccate, crowned
by the permanent calyx, containing 4-9 triquetrous coriaceously
arillate 1 -seeded pyrenae. — Shrubs or subshrubs, natives of In-
dia, usually with an ungrateful smell. Flowers crowded or in
dense heads, axillary and terminal, bracteate. Drupes usually
blue. — This genus, according to Blume, is nearly allied to An-
cyldnthus and Psathura.
* Limb of calyx 3-6-parted.
1 M. CYANOCA'RPA (Jack, in Lin. trans. 14. p. 125. under
Lasianthus,) plant suffruticose, hairy ; leaves oblong, acuminated,
attenuated at the base ; flowers usually by threes, involucrated
by bracteas. fy . S. Native of Sumatra and Java, in shady
places on the mountains. Blum, bijdr. p. 996. Bracteas cor-
date. Corollas yellow, ex Jack, whitish, ex Blume. Berry
blue, pilose, size of a gooseberry.
Blue-fruited Mephitidia. Shrub.
2 M. ATTENUAVTA (Jack, 1. c. p. 126. under Lasianthus, ) plant
suffruticose, villous ; leaves oblong, attenuated at the apex, but
roundly cordate at the base, glabrous above ; flowers axillary,
3-4-together, almost sessile, involucrated by lanceolate bracteas.
^ . S. Native of the interior of Bencoolen. Calyx 4-parted.
Corolla yellow, pilose. Berries deep blue, smaller than those
of the preceding species.
Attenuated-leaved Mephitidia. Shrub.
3 M. IN;EQUAXLIS (Blum, bijdr. p. 996. under Lasianthus, as
well as all the following species,) shrubby, hairy ; leaves oblong,
acuminated, unequally rounded at the base ; flowers axillary,
crowded, involucrated by bracteas. lj . S. Native of Java, on
mounts Salak and Seribu. Corolla white.
Unequal-leaved Mephitidia. Shrub.
4 M. RHINOCEROTIS (Blum, bijdr. p. 996.) shrubby ; leaves
oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base, glabrous above, but
hairy beneath, as well as the branches and calyxes ; flowers
crowded, axillary. ^ . S. Native of Java, in the higher woods
on mounts Salak, Gede, &c. Corollas white.
Horn-snouted Mephitidia. Shrub.
5 M. CAPITA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 996.) shrubby ; leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, acuminated, attenuated at the base, glabrous
above, and hairy beneath, as well as the branches, peduncles,
and calyxes ; heads of flowers pedunculate, axillary. fj . S.
Native of Java, in woods on the mountains. Flowers white.
Capitate-fiowered Mephitidia. Shrub.
6 M. TOMENTO'SA (Blum, bijdr. p. 997.) shrubby ; leaves ob-
long, long-acuminated, acute at the base, glabrous above, but
RUBIACE^E. CIX. MEPHITIDIA. CX. VANGUZRIA.
549
tomentose on the veins beneath, as well as on the branches ;
flowers axillary, solitary or twin, sessile. 1? . S. Native of
Java, in woods on mounts Salak, Gede, &c. Corollas white.
Tomentose Mephitidia. Shrub.
7 M. OBSCU'RA (Blum. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 453.)
shrubby ; leaves oblong, acuminated, rather obliquely attenuated
at the base, clothed with tomentum beneath, as well as on the
rib above and the branches ; heads of flowers axillary, almost
sessile. Jj . S. Native of Java, in the western parts on the
mountains. Corolla white. This species differs from M. tomen-
tosa in the stipulas being larger, and in the flowers being more
numerous, &c.
Obscure Mephitidia. Shrub.
8 M. LU'CIDA (Blum, bijdr. p. 997.) shrubby ; branches gla-
brous ; leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate, cuspidate, shining
above, rather pubescent beneath at the margins, and on the
veins ; flowers crowded, axillary, rarely solitary. Tj . S. Na-
tive of Java, in the more elevated woods. Flowers white.
Shining-\eaved Mephitidia. Shrub.
9 M. STIPULA'RIS (Blum, bijdr. p. 997.) shrubby ; branches
glabrous ; leaves oblong, acuminated, attenuated at the base,
and are as well as the branches glabrous, but ciliated at the apex ;
stipulas large, roundish, rather membranous ; flowers crowded,
axillary ; calyxes hairy. J? . S. Native of Java, on mount
Salak. Corollas white.
Stipular Mephitidia. Shrub.
10 M. L.JEVIGA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 998.) shrubby; leaves ob-
long, acuminated, acutish at the base, and are as well as the
branches glabrous ; fascicles of flowers axillary ; calyx 3-parted.
Jj . S. Native of Java, in mountain woods. Flowers white.
There is a variety of this with lanceolate leaves.
Smooth Mephitidia. Shrub.
11 M. LATIFOLIA (Blum. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 453.)
shrubby ; leaves oval, acute at both ends, reticulately veined,
and are as well as the branches glabrous ; flowers crowded,
axillary, on short peduncles. T; . S. Native of Java, on mount
Salak in shady parts of woods. Corollas white. Fruit globose,
orange coloured. Lobes of calyx lanceolate, parted to the base,
at length becoming connivent.
Broad-leaved Mephitidia. Shrub.
* Limb of calyx with short lobes.
12 M. INODO'RA (Blum, bijdr. p. 998.) shrubby; branches
glabrous ; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both
ends, glabrous, downy on the veins beneath ; flowers crowded,
axillary, girded by blunt bracteas. J? . S. Native of Java, in
woods at mount Gede. The leaves of this species are without any
ungrateful smell.
Scentless Mephitidia. Shrub.
13 M. HEXA'NDRA (Blum, bijdr. p. 998.) shrubby; leaves
lanceolate, long-acuminated, clothed with strigose down on the
rib above, and on the veins beneath, as well as the branchlets ;
flowers axillary, usually solitary, hexandrous. Tj . S. Native
of Java, in the more elevated woods on mount Salak. Corollas
white.
Hexandrous Mephitidia. Shrub.
* * * Limb of calyx nilh short teeth.
14 M. VENOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 999.) shrubby; leaves on
short petioles, oblong, acuminated, obliquely attenuated at the
base, very veiny, glabrous above, downy on the veins beneath,
as well as on the branchlets ; flowers crowded, axillary, sessile.
^ . S. Native of Java, in woods on the Seribu mountains.
Corollas white.
Veiny Mephitidia. Shrub.
15 M. SYLVE'STRIS (Blum, bijdr. p. 999.) shrubby ; leaves on
short petioles, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, gla-
brous, veiny, clothed with adpressed down on the veins beneath,
as well as on the branchlets ; flowers crowded, axillary, sessile ;
fruit containing 4-5 pyrense. tj . S. Native of Java, along
with the preceding, from which it differs in the smaller leaves,
which are unequally narrowed at the base, in the fewer and re-
moter veins, and in the more obsoletely toothed calyx.
Wild Mephitidia. Shrub.
16 M. RETICULAVTA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1000.) shrubby ; leaves
large, on short petioles, oblong, acuminated, acute at the base,
glabrous above, and reticulately veined, rather tomentose on the
veins and branches ; flowers crowded, axillary, almost sessile.
T; . S. Native of Java, on the Seribu mountains. Flowers
white.
Reticulated-leaved Mephitidia. Shrub.
17 M. PURPU'REA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1000.) shrubby; leaves
lanceolate, long- acuminated, and are as well as the branches gla-
brous ; peduncles crowded, 1 -flowered, axillary, or lateral from
the leaves having fallen, tj . S. Native of Java, on mounts
Saliik, Gede, &c. in shady places. Flowers purple.
Purple -fiowered Mephitidia. Shrub.
18 M. STERCORA'RIA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1000.) shrubby; leaves
lanceolate, long-acuminated, acute at the base, glabrous except
the veins beneath, which are clothed with adpressed down,
as well as the branches ; flowers crowded, axillary, sessile ; fruit
globose, containing 7-9 pyrenae. fj . S. Native of Java, on the
mountains. Allied to M. sylvestris; but the fruit is evidently
distinct. Flowers white.
Stinking Mephitidia. Shrub.
Cult. See Hamelia, p. 542. for culture and propagation.
CX. VANGUE'RIA (altered from Yoa- Vanguer, the Mada-
gascar name of the first species). Comm. in Juss. gen. p. 266.
mem. mus. 6. p. 396. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p.
217. D. C. prod. 4. p. 454. — Vanguiera, Pers. ench. 1. p. 459.
— Vavanga, Rohr, in act. soc. hist. nat. hafn. 2. pt. 1. p. 208.
t. 7. — Meynia, Link.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a short ob-
ovate tube, and a small spreading 5-toothed deciduous limb.
Corolla campanulately globose, 5-cleft, hairy inside at the throat :
lobes lanceolate, acute, reflexed. Stamens 5, with very short
filaments, and oblong hardly exserted anthers. Stigma capitate,
(bilamellate, ex Vahl.) 4-5-lobed (ex Roxb.). Berry apple-
shaped, not crowned at the apex by the calyx, but marked by a
sinuated areola, indicating the place from which the limb of the
calyx had fallen off, containing 5 bony 1-seeded pyrenee, which
are obtuse at the base, and acute at the apex. Seed oblong,
fixed to the inner angle of the cell, near the middle. Albumen
fleshy. Embryo large, inverted, with long plano-convex coty-
ledons, and a bluntly cordate compressed superior radicle. —
Small trees. Leaves petiolate, ovate. Stipulas solitary on both
sides, lanceolate. Cymes branched, subpanicled, axillary, or rising
beneath the leaves from the cicatrices, occasioned by the falling
of the old leaves. Flowers white. — This genus is anomalous
in the order, from the structure and situation of the seeds ; it is
allied to Cdnlhium, but differs from that genus in the ovarium
being 5-celled, not 2-celled.
1 V. EDU'LIS (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 36.) unarmed ; leaves ovate,
membranous, glabrous ; cymes rising beneath the leaves. Jj . S.
Native of Madagascar, from whence it has been introduced to
China and the Mauritius. Lam. ill. t. 159. Sieb. fl. maur. exs.
2. no. 77. and no. 138. V. cymo^a, Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 75.
t. 193. V. Madagascarien.sis, Gmel. syst. 1. p. 367. V. Com-
mersonii, Desf. ex Steud. Jacq. hort. vind. 1 . t. 44. Vavanga
Chin£nsis, Rohr, and Vavanga edulis, Vahl, act. soc. hist. nat.
hafn. 2. pt. 1. p. 207. and p. 208. t. 7. The habit of the tree
550
RUBIACE^E. CX. VANGUERIA. CXI. GUETTARDA.
is much like that of Callicdrpa. The fruit is eaten by the
natives of Madagascar and the Mauritius under the names of
I'oa-vanga and Voa-vanguer. Flowers white.
Edible-fruited Vangueria. Clt. 1809. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
2 V. SPINO'SA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 172.) spines decussate ;
leaves ovate-oblong, smooth ; cymes axillary, in fascicles. Tj . S.
Native of Bengal and China ; in Bengal it is called Mayna.
Meynea spinosa, Link, jahrb. 1-3. H. p. 32. Roem. et Schultes,
mant. 1. p. 67. and 84. Leaves opposite or three in a whorl,
3-4 inches long. Flowers axillary, fascicled on a short peduncle,
with proper longer pedicels, small, of a pale greenish colour.
Anthers small, cordate. Stigma 4-5-lobed. Berry size of a
cherry, turbinate, smooth, yellow when ripe, succulent, and
edible. The flowers and habit of the whole plant are exceedingly
like Canthium parviflorum.
Spinose Vangueria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Shrub large.
3 V. INFAU'STA (Burch. cat. geogr. pi. afr. austr. no. 2629.
trav. 2. p. 258. and 259. with a figure,) unarmed ; leaves to-
mentose, roundish-ovate, usually acuminated ; cymes axillary.
Tj . S. Native of the south of Africa, without the tropic, in the
territory of Bachapin, where it is considered unlucky by the in-
habitants. Fruit round, an inch in diameter, but not edible.
Unlucky Vangueria. Shrub 5 to 10 feet.
N. B. Vangueria verrucosa, Sieb. fl. maur. does not belong
to the present order, but is probably a species of Loganea or
Solatium,
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamelia, p. 542.
CXI. GUETTA'RDA (so named by Linnaeus in honour of
John Etienne Guettard, member of the academy of sciences at
Paris, who published, in 1747, a catalogue of the plants growing
in the vicinity of Estampes). Vent, choix. no. 1. A. Rich. mem.
soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 201. D. C. prod. 4. p. 455. — Guettarda
species and Matthiola, Lin. gen. — Guettarda species and Lau-
geria, Jacq. Juss. — Guettarda spec. Lam. Pers. — Halesia, P.
Browne, jam. but not of Lin. — Viviania, Rafin. spech. 1. p. 117.
but not of Cav. nor Colla, nor Raddi.
LIN. SYST. Tetra-Ennedndria, Monogynia. Calyx with ovate
or globose tube ; and a tubular permanent or deciduous limb,
which is either truncate or irregularly toothed (f. 101. a.). Co-
rolla salver-shaped, with a cylindrical tube (f. 101. c.), and from
4-9 oval-oblong lobes (f. 101. &.). Anthers 4-9, sessile in the
throat of the corolla, inclosed. Stigma capitate, rarely 2-lobed.
Drupe roundish or ovate, crowned by the tube of the calyx (f.
101. d.), containing a bluntly angled 4-9-celled putamen (f. 101.
e.), having the cells straight or curved, 1 -seeded. Seeds erect,
nearly terete. — Small trees or shrubs, natives of South America,
and a few of India. Leaves ovate or lanceolate, rarely cordate.
Stipulas lanceolate, deciduous, except in one species in which
they are sheathing and truncate. Peduncles axillary, bifid,
rarely twice bifid. Flowers sessile and unilateral along the
branches of the peduncles, and solitary in the forks.
SECT. I. CADA'MBA (vernacular name of G. speciosa). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 455. — Cadamba, Sonner. trav. 2. p. 228. t. 128.
Limb of calyx soon falling off1. Cells of drupe curved at top.
1 G. SPECIOSA (Lin. spec. 1408.) leaves broad, ovate or ob-
ovate, usually subcordate at the base, obtuse and apiculated at
the apex, downy beneath ; stipulas ovate or lanceolate, acumi-
nated, deciduous ; cymes pedunculate, velvety, much shorter
than the leaves ; flowers of from 4 to 9 parts ; fruit depressed,
narked by an areola at the apex. >> . S. Native of the East
India islands ; coast of Coromandel and Malabar, &c. Lam. ill.
t. 154. f. 2. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 521. Lindl. hot. reg. t. 1393.
Cadamba jasminiflora, Sonn. trav. 2. p. 128. Rava-Pou, Rheed.
1
mal. 4. p. 47. and 48. Leaves canescent from villi in the young
state, but the adult ones only along the nerves. Branches hori-
zontal, forming a large shady head. Peduncles twice bifid.
Flowers unisexual, large, white, exquisitely fragrant, partaking
much of the scent of cloves. Seeds much curved, with the con-
cave part of the curve outwards. Leaves sometimes downy on
both surfaces, (f. 101.)
Var. ft, glabrdta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 455.) young leaves downy
along the nerves and veins, but the adult ones are glabrous. Jj .
S. Native of Mexico, but probably only cultivated in gardens.
There are varieties of this with the leaves either subcordate or
subattenuated at the base.
Showy Guettarda. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1771. Tree 30 ft.
SECT. II. GUETTARDA'RIA (altered from the generic name).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 455. Limb of calyx usually permanent,
truncate or irregularly subdentate. Corolla silky on the out-
side, with the lobes flat. Drupe having the cells of the putamen
straight.
§ 1. Tube of corolla silky, villous or downy. Drupe containing
a 4-7 -celled putamen.
2 G. ARGE'NTEA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 54. ill. t. 154. f. 1.) leaves
ovate, acuminated, on short petioles, glabrous and smooth above,
but clothed with silky velvety down beneath, with the transverse
nerves parallel ; stipulas villous on the outside, ovate, terminat-
ing in a subulate point ; cymes pedunculate, bifid, velvety ;
flowers hexamerous, with a villous tube, which is 10 times
longer than the ovarium. ^ . S. Native of Cayenne. G.
speciosa, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 320. but not of Lin. Peduncles
about the length of the leaves. Leaves 5 inches long and 3
broad. Petioles 5 lines long. Corolla 15 lines long, white.
Ovarium 6-celled, 6-ovulate.
Silvery Guettarda. Tree 20 feet.
3 G. HAVANE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 455.) leaves obovate,
acutish at the base, and mucronate at the apex, scabrous above,
and tomentose beneath ; stipulas acuminated, 3 times shorter
than the petioles ; peduncles hairy, about the length of the
leaves ; cymes trifid ; tube of corolla 4 times longer than the
ovarium, and the limb 5-6-cleft. Tj. S. Native of Cuba, about
the Havannah. Allied to G. amblgua. Flowers white ?
Havannah Guettarda. Tree.
4 G. MISSIONIS (Wall. cat. no. 6221.) leaves oblong, acumi-
nated, paler beneath, glabrous in every part, except on the
mid-rib beneath ; cymes pedunculate, axillary, dichotomous ;
calyx 5-parted, permanent ; corolla villous on the outside ; fruit
roundish, crowned by the calyx. Jj . S. Native of the East
Indies. Stipulas ovate. Flowers white, not so large as those
of G. speciosa.
Mission Guettarda. Shrub or tree.
5 G. AMBJGUA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 455.) leaves ovate or ob-
ovate, cordate at the base, and rather mucronate at the apex,
scabrous above, but clothed with downlike tomentum beneath ;
stipulas acuminated, one-half shorter than the petioles ; pedun-
cles hairy, about the length of the leaves ; cymes bifid ; fruit
globose, reticulated, crowned by the tubular calyx. Tj . S. Na-
tive of Guadaloupe, and also of Jamaica, if, as is suspected, this
be the Halesia, P. Browne, jam. p. 205. t. 20. f. 1. Flowers
white ?
Ambiguous Guettarda. Shrub 8 to 10 feet.
6 G. CORDA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 420.)
leaves ovate-elliptic, deeply cordate, rounded at the apex, rather
pilose above, and clothed with white tomentum beneath ; stipulas
ovate, acute, length of petioles ; peduncles 3 or 4 times longer
than the petioles ; cymes 3-flowered ; flowers hexamerous, with
a downy tube, which is 4 times longer than the ovarium. fj . S.
RUBIACE^E. CXI. GUETTARDA.
551
Native of New Granada, near Ibague and Cuesta de Tolina, in
hot places. Said to be nearly allied to G. scabra.
Cordate-leaved Guettarda. Tree or shrub.
7 G. RUOO'SA (Swartz, prod. p. 59. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 632.)
leaves ovate-subcordate, mucronate, scabrous above, and tomen-
tose beneath ; peduncles 3 or 4 times longer than the leaves,
compressed, villous ; cymes bifid : flowers hexamerous, with a
villous tube, which is 3 times longer than the ovarium. Pj . S.
Native of the Caribbee islands, as of Santa Cruz, Antigua, and
Dominica. Vahl, symb. 3. p. 50. Tube of corolla an inch and
a half long, silky. Very nearly allied to G. scabra, but differs
in the nervules of the leaves being less prominent and straight,
not reticulated. Drupe purplish, containing a 6-seeded putamen.
Wrinkled Guettarda. Clt. 1793. Tree.
8 G. SCA'BRA (Lam. ill. t. 154. f. 3.) leaves obovate, mucro-
nate, coriaceous, scabrous above, reticulated and pubescent be-
neath ; stipulas lanceolate, acuminated, caducous ; peduncles
compressed, villous, almost 4 times longer than the petioles ;
cymes bifid ; limb of corolla 6-7-parted ; stamens 6-7 ; tube of
corolla villous, 3 times longer than the ovarium. \i . S. Native
of the West Indies, as of Porto-Rico. Vent, choix. t. 1.
Mathlola scabra, Lin. spec. 1661. Mathlola, Plum. ed. Burm.
t. 173. f. 2. Flowers white. Drupe containing an angular 4-7
celled putamen, and crowned by the somewhat crenate limb of
the calyx.
Scabrous Guettarda. Clt. 1818. Tree.
9 G. VIBURNOIDES (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 182.)
leaves ovate, acute, on long petioles, smoothish above, but not
scabrous, and clothed with silky tomentum beneath, as well as
the branchlets and inflorescence ; stipulas elongated, triangular,
very soon falling off; peduncles shorter than the leaves, twice
bifid, with the branches expanded ; limb of calyx very short,
somewhat truncate ; drupe globose, depressed. Ij . S. Native
of Brazil within the tropic. Leaves 4 inches long and 2-|
broad, on petioles about 15 lines long. Corolla densely clothed
with silky down, having the tube almost an inch long, and the
limb 4-6-parted.
Viburnum-like Guettarda. Shrub 1 0 feet.
10 G. PEDUNCULA'RIS (Wall. cat. no. 6222.) leaves ovate-
oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1 -
flowered, girded by a ring just under the fruit, which is extended
into 2 opposite subulate points ; fruit oblong, crowned by the 4
permanent teeth of the calyx. Tj . S. Native of Sirinagur.
Peduncular-fiov/ered Guettarda. Shrub or tree.
11 G. PLATY'PODA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 456.) leaves oval, mu-
cronulate, acute at the base, on short petioles, glabrous and
smooth above, but hoary beneath ; stipulas triangular, acute ;
peduncles compressed, smoothish, length of the leaves, cymose
at the apex, and bearing 5-7 flowers ; limb of calyx short, tubu-
lar, a little toothed : fruit globose, depressed. Tj . S. Native of
Brazil, in the sand by the sea side at Bahia, where it was col-
lected by Salzman.
Broad-peduncled Guettarda. Shrub.
12 G. MOLLIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 456.) leaves elliptic, some-
what mucronate, downy above and villous beneath ; peduncles 5
times longer than the petioles ; cymes capitate, villous ; flowers
hexamerous, with a villous tube, which is 2 or 3 times longer
than the ovarium. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo. G. ellip-
tica, ex Hispaniola, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 789.
Soft Guettarda. Tree or shrub.
13 G. XYLOSTEOIDES (H. B. et Kunth.nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 420.)
leaves oblong, acute, rounded at the base, glabrous above, and
downy beneath, but hairy on the veins, as well as on the branch-
lets; stipulas lanceolate, length of the petioles; peduncles 6 times
longer than the petioles ; cymes 3-7-flowered ; flowers hexame-
rous, having the tube 8 times longer than the ovarium. (3 . S.
FIG. 101.
Native on the banks of the Orinoco, between Angustura and
Ferreras. Dicrobotryum divaricatum, Willd. in Schultes, syst.
5. p. 221. Flowers white. Fruit globose, downy, containing a
5-6-celled putamen.
Fly-Honeysuckk-like Guettarda. Tree 20 feet.
14 G. PARVIFLORA (Vahl, eel. amer. 2. p. 26.) leaves oblong,
polished, and glabrous on both surfaces, but having the middle
nerve rather downy ; stipulas small, subulate ; peduncles crowded
at the tops of the branches, rather shorter than the leaves, 3-
flowered, rarely bifid, each branch bearing 3 flowers ; flowers
small, either pentamerous or hexamerous ; ovarium striated ;
tube of calyx often obscurely bifid ; tube of corolla villous. f? .
S. Native of Santa Cruz, Montserrat ; and of Mexico, at Aca-
pulco. Edechi, Lcefl. trav. 259. and p. 271. ex Rohr. Ixora
pentandra, West. mss. Fruit globose, about the size of a pea,
not crowned.
Small-flowered Guettarda. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
15 G. ODORA'TA (Lam. ill. t.
154. f. 4.) leaves oval, acute at
both ends, glabrous above, but
rather villous on the nerve be-
neath, as well as on the petioles
and branchlets ; stipulas subu-
late, deciduous ; peduncles al-
most one-half shorter than the
leaves, villous, as well as the
cymes, which are bifid ; flowers
pentamerous ; tube of calyx un-
equal, 7 times longer than the
ovarium. Tj . S. Native about
Carthagena and Havannah,
among bushes by the sea side.
Laugeria odorata, Jacq. amer.
p. 64. t. 177. f.21. pict. t. 259.
f. 16. Drupe containing a roundish 5-furrowed 5-celled puta-
men. Flowers of a dirty reddish colour, 9-10 lines long, villous
on the outside, very sweet-scented at night. Fruit black,
size of a pea. There is a spinescent variety of this species ac-
cording to Jacquin.
Stveet-scented-fiowered Guettarda. Clt. 1818. Sh. 6 to 10 ft.
16 G. MEMBRANA'CEA (Swartz, prod. p. 59. fl. ind. occ. 1. p.
635.) leaves ovate, acuminated, membranaceous, rather hispid
on both surfaces ; down very minute, curved ; peduncles length
of the petioles, dichotomous ; flowers secund, tetramerous ; limb
of calyx rather bifid, truncate ; tube of corolla downy. Jj . S.
Native of Hispaniola, among bushes on the mountains. Corolla
white, half an inch long. Drupe oblong, 4-seeded.
Membranous Guettarda. Shrub.
17 G. ELLI'PTICA (Swartz, prod. p. 59. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 634.)
leaves elliptic, obtuse, smoothish above, and downy beneath, as
well as on the branches ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ;
cymes bifid ; flowers tetramerous, with a silky tube, which is
3 times longer than the calyx, f; . S. Native of Jamaica, in
dry fields. Drupe roundish, 4-seeded. Stigmas 2, blunt.
Flowers small. This species is easily distinguished from G.
mollis, with which it has been confused by Sprengel in his syst.
Elliptic-leaved Guettarda. Tree 20 feet.
18 G. MICROPHY'LLA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 457.) leaves ovate-oblong and oblong, smoothish above,
and rather downy beneath ; peduncles 3 or 4 times shorter than
the leaves, 3-flowered ; calyx quadrifid, with acute segments ;
corolla silky on the outside, with rounded lobes. J? . S. Native
of Luzon, one of the Philippines. Very like G. parvifldra.
Small-leaved Guettarda. Shrub.
19 G. URUGUE'NSIS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 183.)
leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, rather pilose above, and
552
. CXI. GUETTARDA.
canescent from tomentum beneath, as well as the petioles, branch-
lets, and inflorescence ; stipulas lanceolate, triangular, cadu-
cous ; peduncles twice bifid, shorter than the leaves ; limb of
calyx very short, somewhat truncate ; corolla silky ; drupe ob-
long, 3-4-seeded. b . S. Native of the south of Brazil, on the
banks of the Uruguay. Leaves 2 inches long, and an inch
broad, on petioles 1-2 lines long. Tube of corolla 2-3 lines
long ; lobes 5, roundish.
Uruguay Guettarda. Shrub 1 0 feet.
20 G. FINLAYSONIA'NA (Wall, cat.no. 6223.) leaves obovate-
oblong, obtuse at the apex ; calyx truncate ; pedicels solitary,
axillary, 1 -flowered, much shorter than the leaves; corolla villous
outside. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies.
Finlayson's Guettarda. Shrub.
21 G. WALLICHIA'NA ; leaves oblong, acuminated, glabrous;
pedicels 1 -flowered, rising in numbers from short axillary pe-
duncles ; calyx truncate ; corolla glabrous, apparently purple,
5- inch long. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies ; fruit round-
ish, not crowned. Perhaps belonging to the first section.
Wallich's Guettarda. Shrub.
§ 2. Doubtful species, having 4-cleft silky corollas, and the
drupes containing a Z-3-celled puiamen. Perhaps species of
the genus Stenostomum.
22 G. ? PROTRA'CTA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 457.) leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, rather
villous on both surfaces, silky on the nerves and veins beneath ;
peduncles cymose, bifid, having the branches recurved, fy . S.
Native of Mexico. Perhaps a species of Stenostomum.
Far. a, brevipes (D. C. prod. 4. p. 457.) leaves ovate, with
9 very prominent nerves on each side of the mid-rib ; peduncles
twice the length of the petioles ; limb of calyx truncate, irregu-
larly sublobate ; corolla 4-cleft ? clothed with silky tomentum
outside. Tj . S. Native of Mexico.
Var. /3, longipes (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate -lanceolate, with
7-8 rather prominent nerves on each side of the mid-rib ; pe-
duncles 4 times longer than the petioles ; drupes ovate-oblong,
acute, 2, sometimes 3-celled. Jj . S. Native of Mexico, at
Acapulco.
Protracted Guettarda. Shrub.
23 G. ? ARMA'TA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 457.) armed with opposite spines ; leaves ovate, acuminated,
smoothish above, but clothed with hoary tomentum on the nerve
and veins beneath, as well as on the branchlets ; peduncles cy-
mosely bifid, 3 or 4 times longer than the petioles ; segments of
calyx 4, narrow-lanceolate, acute ; corolla silky, with acute
lobes ; drupe ovate-oblong, (ex Bartl.) 2-3-celled. Tj . S. Na-
tive of Mexico. Very nearly allied to G. protracta.
Armed Guettarda. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
24 G. ? PANICULA'TA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. 1. c.)
leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous above, clothed with silky to-
mentum on the nerve and veins beneath, as well as on the
branchlets; cymes dichotomous, many-flowered, on long pedun-
cles, axillary, but the ultimate ones are disposed in a panicle ;
corolla clothed with silky tomentum outside, with ovate-oblong
lobes. \i . S. Native of Peru, on the mountains. Corolla 6
lines long. Teeth of calyx acute, smoothish. Fruit unknown.
.PanicW-flowered Guettarda. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
SECT. III. ULO'LOBUS (from ovXoc, oulos, curled, and \o-
/3o£, lobos, a lobe ; in reference to the curled lobes of corolla).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 457. — Laugeria, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 22.
but not of Jacq. Limb of calyx short, 5-parted almost to the
base, permanent. Corolla silky on the outside, with 5 lobes,
which are curled on the margins.
25 G. CRISPIFLORA (Vahl, eclog. 1. p. 36. t. 6.) leaves broad-
ovate, acuminated, obtuse at the base, having the lower lateral
nerves approximate. (j . S. Native of the Island of Mont-
serrat, towards the tops of the mountains, ex Vahl ; and of St.
Vincent, on the edges of mountains, in inundated places, ex
Forsyth ; and about Santa Fe de Bogota, ex Mutis, in H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 420. G. crispiflora var. a, Pers.
Roem. et Schultes. Stipulas large, undulated, foliaceous, ovate,
acuminated. Guettarda membranacea, Sieb. pi. exsic. mart. no.
57. from Martinico, is the same, or a very nearly allied species.
Curled-flowered Guettarda. Tree or shrub.
26 G. HIRSU'TA (Pers. ench. 1 . p. 200.) leaves ovate-oblong,
acuminated, acute at the base ; stipulas longer than the petioles ;
drupes ovate. T? . S. Native of Peru, and in the hot parts of
New Granada. Laugeria hirsuta, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 22.
t. 145. f. a. Guettarda hirsuta, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 420. Peduncles equal to the petioles, even to the
bifurcation, having the branches subrevolute and many flowered.
Hairy Guettarda. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet.
27 G. DEPE'NDENS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 458.) leaves oval-ob-
long, acuminated, acute at the base ; stipulas shorter than the
petioles ; drupes oblong, 3-4-celled. F? . S. Native of Peru,
in groves about Muna. Lauge'ria dep^ndens, Ruiz et Pav. fl.
per. 2. p. 23. t. 145. f. b. Branches of cyme spreading, usually
dependent. G. crispiflora var. /3, Pers. and Rcem. et Schultes,
but is more nearly allied to hirsuta than to G. crispiflora.
Dependenl-cymed Guettarda. Tree 20 feet.
SECT. IV. LAUGE'RIA (named after Albert Laugier, professor
of botany and chemistry at Vienna). D. C. prod. 4. p. 458. —
Laugeria, Jacq. Juss. but not of Ruiz et Pav. Limb of calyx
truncate or toothed. Corolla glabrous, 4-5-lobed. Stamens 4-5.
28 G. CORIA'CEA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 200.) quite glabrous;
leaves elliptic-ovate, rather coriaceous, bluntish, almost nerve-
less, rather paler beneath ; stipulas acuminated, deciduous ; pe-
duncles about equal in length to the leaves, compressed, bifid or
twice bifid ; flowers tetramerous, glabrous, unilateral, and dis-
tant along the branches of the peduncle ; tube of calyx bluntly
4-toothed. ^ .S. Native of the Island of Montserrat, ex Vahl;
and Guadaloupe, at Pointe-a-Pitre. Laugeria coriacea, Vahl,
eclog. 1. p. 26. Laugeria tubulosa, Fors. in herb. L'Her.
Drupe oblong, ex Vahl, containing a 4-celled putamen. Co-
rolla 6-7 lines long. Perhaps Viviania Domingensis, Rafin.
speech. 1. p. 117-
Coriaceous-leaved Guettarda. Tree or shrub.
29 G. RESINOSA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 200.) leaves lanceolate,
attenuated at both ends, glabrous, glaucous beneath ; stipulas
combined into a somewhat truncate ciliated sheath ; branchlets
and cymes clothed with clammy resin ; peduncles a little shorter
than the leaves ; cymes bifid, crowded with flowers ; flowers
pentamerous, glabrous ; limb of calyx short, truncate, or hardly
5-toothed. f? . S. Native of Montserrat, on the mountains, ex
Vahl ; of Guadaloupe, where it was collected by Perrottet ; of
Porto Rico, Riedley ; of Trinidad, ex Sieber, fl. trin. no.
112; and of Mexico, ex herb. Puerari. Laugeria resinosa,
Vahl, eel. 1. p. 27. t. 10. f. 6. with a figure. Terebraria, Sesse,
fl. mex. icon. ined. Drupe oblong, containing a 4-celled, 4-
seeded putamen, ex Vahl, but in the specimen examined the
drupe contains a 4-5-celled 4-5-seeded putamen ; there are
therefore 2 species confused under this name.
Resinous Guettarda. Shrub 8 to 10 feet.
30 G. ? BRUNONIS (Wall. cat. no. 6220.) leaves elliptic, acu-
minated, coriaceous, quite glabrous ; peduncles axillary, solitary,
or twin ; cymes dichotomous ; stipulas ovate, acuminated, fj . S.
Native of the East Indies, in Sirinagur. Flowers small. Calyx
a little twisted.
Brown's Guettarda. Shrub.
RUBIACE^E. CXI. GUETTARDA. CXII. MALANEA. CXIH. ANTIKHOZA. CXIV. STENOSTOMUM.
553
•\~ Species not sufficiently known.
31 G. FONTANE'SII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 458.) stem arborescent ;
leaves broad-ovate, acuminated, and are, as well as the divari-
cate branches, villous ; stipulas ovate, acute, deciduous. fj . S.
Native country unknown. G. hirsuta, Desf. cat. hort. par.
ed. 3. p. 404. but not of Pers. Habit of G. argentca.
Desfontaines's Guettarda. Shrub.
32 G. ? UMBELLA'TA (Spreng. neu entd. 3. p. 48.) leaves ob-
long, quite glabrous on both surfaces ; branches tubercular, com-
pressed, dilated at the top ; peduncles axillary, aggregate ;
flowers pentamerous, glabrous. Fj.S. Native of Brazil. The
calyx is said to be 5-toothed, and the drupe 6-celled. This
plant ought probably to be excluded from the order.
Umbellate-flowered Guettarda. Shrub or tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamillonia, p. 555.
The species bear very fine leaves and flowers, and are therefore
worth cultivating.
CXII. MALA'NEA (Aublet does not mention the meaning
of this word). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 106. t. 41. Juss. mem. mus. 6.
p. 376. D. C. prod. 4. p. 459. — Malanea species, Lam. A. Rich.
— Cunninghamia species, Schreb. Willd. — Chomelia species,
Spreng. Scop.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a very short
tube, and a 4-toothed limb. Corolla small, almost rotate, with
a very short tube, and a 4-lobed spreading limb. Stamens 4,
with exserted filaments, which are about equal in length to the
limb of the corolla, and roundish anthers. Drupe dry, thin,
ovate, crowned by the calyx, containing a 2-celled nut ; cells
1 -seeded. — A sarmentose shrub, native of Guiana, climbing
among bushes. Leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate, acute. Sti-
pulas oval, obtuse, deciduous, interpetiolar. Peduncles axillary,
3 times shorter than the leaves, racemosely panicled : having the
branches opposite, the lower ones the longest. Flowers small,
sessile along the branches, bluish.
1 M. SARMENTOSA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 106. t. 41.?) J? . S.
Native of French Guiana, upon trees on the banks of rivers.
Lam. ill. t. 66. f. 2. Cunninghamia sarmentosa, Willd. spec. 1.
p. 615. Stipulas acute, ex Aubl., and the leaves tomentose be-
neath ; but in the specimens examined the stipulas are obtuse,
and the leaves are rather villous beneath, and at length glabrous.
Perhaps there are two distinct species, Aublet's and Patris's.
Sarmentose Malanea. Shrub cl.
Cult. See Pcederia, p. 561. for culture and propagation.
CXIII. ANTIRHCE'A (from avn, anti, against, and pcu,
reo, to flow ; the plant is used to stop haemorrhage in Bourbon).
Comm. mss. Juss. gen. p. 204. mem. mus. 6. p. 377. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 459. — Malanea species, Lam. A. Rich. — Cunning-
hamia species, Schreb. — Guettarda species, Sieb.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia.. Calyx with an ovate or
oblong tube, and a short campanulate 4-toothed limb. Corolla
tubular, 4-cleft, with acutish lobes, which are shorter than the
tube. Anthers oblong, almost sessile in the throat, not exserted.
Stigma bifid. Drupe somewhat baccate, ovate or oblong,
crowned, containing a 2-celled putamen : cells 1 -seeded. Seeds
terete. — Small trees, natives of the Mauritius. Leaves petiolate,
opposite, or 3 in a whorl, oblong or obovate, glabrous, usually
beset with glandular hairs in the axils of the veins. Stipu-
las interpetiolar, acute, deciduous. Peduncles axillary, shorter
than the leaves, bifid. Flowers small, whitish, sometimes
dioecious from abortion, unilateral, and sessile along the
branches of the peduncles. This genus has the inflorescence of
Stenostomum, but differs in the parts of the flowers being quater-
nary, not quinary. The flowers are nearly like those of Mala-
VOL. III.
nea, but the inflorescence is different ; the tube of the corolla
is longer, and the anthers almost sessile.
1 A. VERTICILLA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 459.) leaves 3 in a
whorl, obovate-oblong, cuneated at the base, acuminated at the
apex, glabrous on both surfaces ; flowers hermaphrodite ; drupes
oblong. Tj . S. Native of the island of Bourbon, and probably
of the Mauritius, where it is called bois de Losteau. A. Los-
taeana, Comm. in herb. Juss. Malanea verticillata, Lam. ill. t.
66. f. 1. Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 688. Antirhce'a Borbonica,
Gmel. syst. 1. p. 244. Cunninghamia verticillata, Willd. spec.
1. p. 615. Drupe the size of a grain of wheat. Flowers small,
white.
Whorled-leaveA Antirho3a. Tree 20 feet ?
2 A. DIOI'CA (Bory, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 459.) leaves
opposite, and 3 in a whorl, obovate, cuneated at the base, short-
acuminated, smoothish, beset with glandular pili in the axils of
the veins ; flowers dioecious from abortion ; drupes oblong. J? .
S. Native of the Mauritius. Pet. Th. mel. obs. p. 56. Ma-
lanea neuropora, Comm. in herb. Thouin. Flowers small,
whitish.
far. ft, barbinervis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 466.) nerves of young
leaves bearded, and very hairy in the axils. J? . S. Native of the
Mauritius. Guettarda barbinervis, Sieb. fl. maur. 1. no. 61.
Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 190.
Var. y, acuminata (D. C. 1. c.) leaves almost smooth, long-
acuminated. Jj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Guettarda acu-
minata. Sieb. fl. maur. 1. no. 60.
Dioecious Antirhcea. Tree 20 feet?
3 A. FRANGULA'CEA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 460.) leaves opposite,
ovate, acutish at the base, and rather acuminated at the apex,
smoothish, with the axils of the veins glandless ; flowers herma-
phrodite ; drupes ovate. T? . S. Native of the Mauritius. Guet-
tarda frangulacea, Sieb. fl. maur. exsic. 2. no. 59. Drupe one-
half shorter than in the first species, sometimes 3-celled and 3-
seeded, which shows its affinity with Guettarda. Flowers small,
whitish.
Frangula-like Antirhcea. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamiltbnia, p. 555.
CXIV. STENO'STOMUM (from <rr«voc, stenos, narrow, and
ffrofia, stoma, a mouth ; in reference to the narrow mouth of the
corolla). Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 69. t. 192. under Slurmia. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 460. — Stenostemum, Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 377. —
Malanea species, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 202. —
Laugeria species, Swartz.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a small 5-toothed limb ; teeth permanent, conni-
vent, rather unequal. Corolla funnel-shaped, having the tube a
little wider at the throat, and a 5-lobed limb : lobes lanceolate,
bluntish. Anthers 5, oblong, hardly exserted. Stigma 2-lobed.
Drupe ovate-oblong, crowned, containing a 2-celled putamen.
Seeds terete, solitary in the cells, inverted. Embryo central, in
the fleshy albumen. — West Indian trees. Leaves opposite, oval
or oblong, on short petioles. Stipulas at length deciduous. Pe-
duncles axillary, divided into a bifid cyme. Flowers small,
white, sessile and unilateral along the branches of the cyme, and
one in each fork. — Inflorescence of Antirhce a, but differs from
that genus in the parts of the flowers being quinary ; and from
Guettarda in the putamen of the fruit being 2-celled, not many
celled.
§ 1 . Corollas glabrous.
1 S. LU'CIDUM (Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 69.) leaves oblong, ob-
tuse, shining above, glabrous on both surfaces ; teeth of calyx
short, obtuse. Jj . S. Native of the West Indies, as in Jamaica,
Santa Cruz, St. Lucia, Porto-Rico, Trinidad, &c. Sturmia lu-
4B
554
RUBIACE.E. CXIV. SIENOSTOMUM. CXV. CHIONE. CXVI. TIMONIUS. CXVII. HAMILTONIA.
cida, Gsertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 192. Guettarda lucida, Pers. ench.
1. p. 201. Laugeria lucida, Swartz. fl. ind. 1. p. 475. Vahl,
symb. 3. p. 40. t. 57. Flowers small, white.
ZwcwMeaved Stenostomum. Clt. 1818. Tree 20 feet.
2 S. ? ACUTA'TUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 460.) leaves oblong,
acute at the base, and acuminated at the apex, glabrous on both
surfaces, reticulately veined above ; lobes of calyx linear-subu-
late, very acute, almost equal in length to the tube. *2 • S.
Native of Guadaloupe. Stipulas triangular, acuminated, deci-
duous. Peduncles bifid, each of the branches bearing 4-5
flowers. Perhaps this species is nearly allied to Guettarda resi-
nbsa, but the number of the cells of the ovarium is not rightly
known. Flowers small, white.
Stenostomum. Shrub.
§ 2. Corollas clothed with silky tomentum.
3 S. TOMENTOSUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 460.) leaves ovate, acute,
tomentose beneath ; drupes oblong, acuminated, glabrous. Tj .
S. Native of Jamaica, on the west side among bushes. Lau-
geria toment6sa, Swartz, fl. ind. 1. p. 477. Guettarda tomen-
tosa, Pers. ench. 1. p. 201. Flowers small, white. The speci-
mens collected by Bertero in Jamaica differ from the descrip-
tion of Swartz, in the limb of the calyx being truncate and en-
tire, not 5-toothed, and therefore there are probably two nearly
allied species, natives of Jamaica.
Tomentose Stenostomum. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet.
f Species not sufficiently known.
4 S. ? BIFURCA'TUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 460.) leaves ovate,
acute at both ends, glabrous, beset with glandular pili in the axils
of the veins beneath ; peduncles bifurcate. Jj . S. Native of the
West India islands. Malanea bifurcata, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3.
p. 688. The inflorescence is the same as that of the other
species, but the number of the parts of the flower is not de-
scribed.
fij/urazte-peduncled Stenostomum. Tree.
5 S. ? NI'TIDUM (D.C. prod. 4. p. 461.) leaves ovate, shining,
quite glabrous, except in the axils of the veins beneath, which
are beset with glandular hairs ; peduncles dichotomous. fj . S.
Native of the West India islands. Malanea nitida, Desr. in
Lam. diet. 3. p. 688. The number of the parts of the flowers
being undescribed, the genus to which it belongs is rather
doubtful.
Shining Stenostomum. Tree.
6 S.? DICHO'TOMUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 461.) leaves elliptic-
oblong, obtuse, rather coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces ;
peduncles dichotomous : flowers tetrandrous. tj . S. Native of
Mexico. Laugeria dichotoma, Moc. et Sesse, icon. ined. Corolla
of a dirty cream colour, with blunt lobes. Perhaps a genuine
species of Stenostomum, or a species of Antirhaea.
Dichotomous-pediuncled Stenostomum. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamiltonia, p. 555.
CXV. CHIO'NE (a mythological name, the daughter of Deu-
calion, or from %ioveos, chioneos, snowy, white as snow ; in refer-
ence to the cymes of white flowers). D.C. prod. 4. p. 461. —
Crusea, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 204. t. 19. f. 1.
but not of Schiede and Deppe, nor Bartl. nor D. C.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obovate
tube, and a marginal repandly 5-toothed limb. Corolla tubular,
short, with a 5-lobed limb ; lobes flattish, obtuse. Stamens in-
serted above the tube. Style simple ; stigma 2-lobed : lobes
short, obtuse. Fruit olive-formed, rather fleshy, much fur-
rowed when dried, crowned by the limb of the calyx, containing
a 2-celled putamen. Seeds solitary, almost terete. — A glabrous
tree. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, joined together by an entire
stipular sheath. Flowers white, cymose ; cymes terminal, pe-
dunculate. Allied to Malanea.
1 C. GLA'BRA (Rich. 1. c. under Crusea,) J? . S. Native of
Tortoise island. Psychotria megalosperma, Vahl, eclog. amer.
3. p. 3. t. 21. ex herb. Juss. but neither the description nor the
figure agree well with it, and it is therefore Jacquinia venosa,
Swartz, prod. p. 47. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 491.
Glabrous Chione. Clt. 1824. Tree 40 feet?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamiltonia, p. 555.
CXVI. TIMONIUS (Timon or Aytimon is the name of the
first species in Amboyna). Rumph. amb. 3. p. 216. t. 140.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 461. — Bobea, Gaud. voy. uran. t. 93. —
Bobae'a, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 215. — Bur-
neya, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnoea. 4. p. 188. — Erithalis, Forst.
but not of Lin.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a tubular truncate 2-6-toothed limb. Corolla tubular,
salver-shaped, with a 4-6-parted spreading limb, a naked
throat, and oval obtuse lobes. Stamens 4,« almost sessile, in-
serted in the upper part of the tube of the corolla. Anthers
oblong-heart-shaped, sessile in the throat. Stigmas 2, exserted,
digitately 5-cleft, with the lobes linear. Drupe globose, smooth,
crowned by the limb of the calyx, containing from 7-25 bony
distinct 1-seeded indehiscent pyrense. Seeds inverted, linear.
Albumen fleshy. Embryo terete. — Glabrous trees. Leaves op-
posite. Stipulas interpetiolar, acute, entire. Peduncles axil-
lary, shorter than the leaves, bearing each 3 flowers at the apex,
the middle flower sessile, and the lateral ones pedicellate, each
girded by a cup-shaped 2-lobed permanent bracteaat the base. —
Allied to Guettarda, but differs in the pyrense being distinct, not
combined.
1 T. RU'MPHII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 461.) leaves lanceolate ;
peduncles bearing 3 flowers, but only 1 fruit ; fruit smooth,
ovate-globose. I? . S. Native of the Island of Amboyna, in
open places and on hills. Timonius, Rumph. amb. 3. p. 216.
t.140. Erithalis Timon, Spreng. pug. 1. p. 18. Pyrostria hexas-
perma, Roxb. E. polygama /•>, Willd. spec. 1. p. 997.
Rumphius's Timonius. Tree.
2 T. FORSTE'RI (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 189.
under Burrieya) leaves opposite ; flowers axillary : male ones
disposed in cymes : hermaphrodite ones solitary ; berries round-
ish, fj . S. Native of the Society Islands ; and in Roman-
zofFs Island. Erithalis polygama, var. a. Forst. prod. 1. p.
101. Erith. cymosa, Spreng. pug. 1. p. 17. Erith. polygama
a. Willd. spec. 1. p. 997. Fruit containing usually 25 pyrenae.
The flowers are described by Chamisso and Schlecht. as quater-
nary and quinary, but they are also sometimes senary.
Forster's Timonius. Tree.
3 T. GAUDICHA'UDII (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 190.
under Burneya) leaves elliptic, bluntish, acute at the base ;
cymes on long peduncles : fertile ones 3-flowered : but the
sterile ones are twice bifid and 7-flowered. fj . S. Native of the
Island of O-Wahu, and of a number of the Sandwich Islands.
Bobea elatior, Gaud, in Freyc. voy. p. 473. t. 93. Fruit con-
taining usually 12 bony pyrenae.
Gaudichaud's Timonius. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamiltonia, p. 555.
CXVII. HAMILTO'NIA (so named after William Hamilton
of Woodlands, near Philadelphia, in North America, an eminent
botanist, and the first who was at the expence of erecting a
conservatory in that country for the preservation of plants of
hot climates). Roxb. hort. beng. (1814.) p. 15. fl. ind. 2. p.
223. but not of Muhl. nor Willd. — Spermadictyon, Roxb. cor.
3. (1819.) p. 32.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, a 5-parted limb, and subulate permanent segments.
1
RUBIACE.E. CXVII. HAMILTONIA. CXVIII. LEPTODERMIS. CXIX. PSATHURA.
555
FIG. 102.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a long straight tube (f. 102. 6.),
and 5 oblong lobes (f. 102. c.). Stamens 5, inserted in the
throat of the corolla, inclosed. Stigma 5-cleft. Capsule crowned
by the calyx, dehiscing at the apex, 1 -celled, containing 5 tri-
quetrous 1 -seeded pyrenae. Seeds inserted by the base, erect,
covered by a dry reticulated membrane or epidermis. Albumen
very sparing. Embryo erect, with an oblong radicle, and cor-
date foliaceous cotyledons. — East Indian shrubs. Leaves lan-
ceolate, on short petioles. Stipulas short, acute, broad and
adpressed at the base. Flowers disposed in fascicles or umbels,
sweet-scented. — This genus has been joined with Ancyldnthus
by Jussieu, but is sufficiently distinct from that genus.
1 H. SUAVE'OLENS (Roxb.
hort. beng. p. 15. fl. ind. 2. p.
223.) glabrous ; leaves broad-
lanceolate ; heads of flowers
densely umbellate, pedunculate,
terminal ; calyx beset with glan-
dular hairs. Jj . S. Native of
the East Indies, on the Rajmu-
hal hills. Spermadictyon suaveo-
lens, Roxb. cor. 3. p. 32. t. 236.
R. Br. in hot. reg. t. 348. La-
sianthus tubiflorus, Blum, bijdr.
p. 990. Leaves 3-6 inches
long. Stipulas broad, ensiform.
Flowers sessile, in terminal co-
rymb-formed heads, on short
trichotomous branchlets, numer-
ous, pure white, delightfully fragrant.
Sweet-scented Hamiltonia. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1818. Sh. 4 to 6 ft.
2 H. SCA'BRA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 137.) leaves ovate-
lanceolate, short-acuminated, scabrous on both surfaces, rounded
at the base ; calycine segments linear, villous. t? . S. Native
of Nipaul, at Narainhetty, and between Hetounra and Bhem-
pedi, chiefly between Bhinsadoban, and the last-mentioned vil-
lage, forming the most extensive thickets. Dr. Wallich has also
met with it about the village near Cheesnagurree, and on several
mountains in the valley. Hamiltonia Dulma and Nonatelia
filamentosa, Hamilt. mss. Hamilt. azureum, Wall, in Roxb. fl.
ind. 2. p. 225. Spermadictyon azureum, Lindl. bot. reg. 1235.
Flowers azure blue, perfuming the air by their delicious fra-
grance from November until March, during which time they are
very beautiful. Inflorescence ample, densely villous, especially
the corollas. The tender parts of the plant emit a fetid smell,
like those of Peederia and Serissa.
Scabrous Hamiltonia. Fl. Jan. Clt. 1823.? Sh. 4 to 6 ft.
3 H. FILOSA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 226.) shrub stiff, very
pilose : leaves lanceolate ; fascicles of flowers axillary, inter-
mixed with hairy bracteas. fj . S. Native of the Moluccas.
Pilose Hamiltonia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Cult. The species are desirable for every collection of stove
plants, being free flowerers, very fragrant, and of easy culture.
They succeed best in a mixture of loam and peat ; and cuttings
strike root readily in sand, with a hand-glass over them, in a
moist heat.
CXVIII. LEPTODE'RMIS (from \«n-oe, leptos, slender,
and Seppa, derma, the skin ; the branches are covered with
separating fibrous bark). Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 191.
A. Rich, mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 221. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 462. — Hamiltonia species, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 137.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogijnia. Involucrum calyciform,
of 2 leaves, closely girding the ovarium. Tube of calyx in-
closed within the involucrum ; limb of calyx short, permanent,
5-)obed ; lobes roundish, adpressed. Corolla funnel-shaped,
scabrous from minute papillae, with a terete tube, which is hairy
inside, and 5 ovate cuspidate lobes which are involutely valvate
in aestivation. Stamens 5, with very short filaments and in-
closed anthers. Ovarium 5-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. Style fili-
form ; stigma quadrifid. Fruit oblong, 5-celled? 5-valved ?
5-seeded. — Shrubs, with decussate, tetragonal branches. Leaves
lanceolate or oblong, on short petioles, membranous. Stipulas
length of petioles, adpressed, permanent, acute. Flowers
sessile, scentless, white. — Perhaps sufficiently distinct from Ha-
miltbnia.
1 L. LANCEOLA'TA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 191.) leaves
lanceolate, attenuated, acute, membranous, villous ; flowers ses-
sile by threes at the ends of the branches ; Stipulas triangular,
villous ; branches quadrangular, downy while young. Tj . G.
Native of Nipaul, on the mountains, though it is among the less
common plants. Hamiltonia fruticosa, D. Don, prod. fl. nep.
p. 137. Flowers white, scentless. According to the descrip-
tion in fl. nep. the flowers are said to be hexamerous and hex-
androus. _
Zanceo/ate-leaved Leptodemjisr--~Srirub 3 to~? feet^,
2 L. OBLO'NGA (Bunge^jfrinem. acad. sc. Petersb. 2. p. 108.)
leaves oblong, glabrpttsi flowers terminal, aggregate. fj . G.
Native of China, off the mountains.
OWong-leaved Leptodermis. Shrub.
Cult, See Hamiltonia above for culture and propagation.
CXIX. PSATHU'RA (from ^aBvpoc, psathuros, fragile or
brittle ; the branches are brittle). Comm. in Juss. gen. p. 206.
mem. mus. 6. p. 396. Lam. ill. t. 260. Gaertn. fil. carp. 3.
p. 82. t. 194. f. 4. A. Rich, mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 214.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 462. — Chicoinae'a, Comm. — Psatura, Poir.
diet. 6. p. 587. — Psathyra, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 127. but not of
Fries.
LIN. SYST. Penta-Hex6ndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an
ovate tube, and a campanulate 5-6-toothed permanent limb.
Corolla bearded inside, with a short tube, and a 5-6-lobed
spreading limb ; lobes acute, rather longer than the tube, valvate
in aestivation. Anthers 5-6, almost sessile at the throat. Stigmas
5-6-lamellate. Berry globose, furrowed, crowned by the limb
of the calyx, containing 4-6 1 -seeded pyrenae. Seeds erect.
Albumen fleshy. Embryo erect. — Small glabrous trees, with
knotted fragile branches. Leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends,
petiolate, smooth. Stipulas ovate, caducous, with an elevated
zone, which is joined to the petioles. Peduncles rising from
the axils of the upper leaves, loosely panicled, shorter than the
leaves.
1 P. BORBONICA (Gmel. syst. 1. p. 577.) leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate ; peduncles 7-8-flowered. Tj . S. Native of the Island
of Bourbon, on the mountains, where it is called Bois cassant.
P. corymbosa, Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 82. P. Borbonica, Roxb.
fl. ind. 2. p. 158. Flowers minute, pentandrous, disposed in
axillary and terminal trichotomous corymbs. Stigma 2-lobed.
Drupe containing 5 pyrenae.
Bourbon Psathura. Tree small.
2 P. MYRTIFOLIA (A. Rich, diss. 1. c.) leaves oblong, bluntish;
peduncles usually 3-flowered, lateral flowers sterile and decidu-
ous ; limb of calyx 5-parted ; lobes lanceolate, f? . S. Native of
the Mauritius. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from the pre-
ceding.
Myrtle-leaved Psathura. Tree small.
3 P. TERNIFLORA (A. Rich, diss. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-lanceo-
late, acute ; peduncles at the tops of the branchlets, usually by
threes, 1-flowered ; limb of calyx wide, obsoletely 5-7-toothed.
fy . S. Native of the Mauritius.
Three-flowered Psathura. Tree small.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamillbnia above.
4u 2
556
RUBIACE^E. CXX. MYONIMA. CXXI. PYROSTRIA. CXXII. OCTAVIA.
CXX. MYONrMA (p.vs p.vog, mys myos, a rat, and
onemi, to succour ; rats are very fond of the fruit, and eat it with
great avidity). Comm. in Juss. gen. p. 206. mem. mus. 6. p.
397. Lam. ill. t. 68. Gsertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 86. t. 195. A.
Rich, mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 211. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 463.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a globose
tube, and a small bluntly 8-toothed limb. Corolla with a short
tube, and a bluntly 5-parted limb. Stamens 4 ; filaments very
short ; anthers oblong, exserted. Stigmas 4, linear, short,
thickish, approximate, almost concrete. Berry globose, not
crowned, containing 4 1 -seeded pyrenae, which adhere to the
flesh of the fruit. Seeds umbilicate, fixed by the middle. Al-
bumen fleshy. Embryo dorsal, erect, with an inferior, nearly
terete radicle, and cordate blunt cotyledons. — Small glabrous
trees or shrubs, natives of the Mauritius. Leaves coriaceous.
Stipulas small, very acute, deciduous. Pedicels axillary and
terminal, shorter than the leaves. Perhaps not distinct from
Polyozus.
§1. Fruit containing 4 pyrence. Myonimce verce.
1 M. OBOVA'TA (Lam. ill. no. 1482. t. 68. f. 1. diet. 4. p.
397.) leaves obovate, obtuse, on short petioles; peduncles 1-3-
flowered ; berries bluntly tetragonal. ^ . S. Native of the
Island of Bourbon, where it is called Bois de rat, from the fruit
being grateful to mice and rats. M. Borbonica, Raeuch. nom.
Berries red, size of grapes.
Oiot'ate-leaved Myonima. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
2 M. MYRTIFOLIA (Lam. ill. no. 1483. t. 58. f. 2. diet. 4.
p. 398.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, on short petioles ; pe-
duncles 1-3-flowered ; berries spherical, fj . S. Native of the
Island of Bourbon. M. lanceolata, Willd. spec. 1. p. 614.
Rubiacea, no. 103. Sieb. fl. maur. fasc. 2.
Myrtle-leaved Myonima. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
3 M. MULTIFLORA (A. Rich, diss. p. 132.) leaves nearly ses-
sile, rather cordate at the base, ovate-oblong, acute, shining
above, reticulately nerved, veiny beneath ; corymbs terminal.
Ij . S. Native of the Mauritius. Ixora parviflora, Lam. ill.
no. 1473. t. 66. f. 2. exclusive of the syn. of Rheed. Ixora
micrantha, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 179. Faramea corym-
bosa, Sieb. fl. maur. 2. no. 62. but not of Aubl.
far. ft, ollongi/blia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 463.) leaves oblong,
obtuse ; corymbs more crowded.
Var. y, ovala (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate. ^ • S. Ixora par-
viflora, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 207. Eugenia violkcea, Lam. diet. 3.
p. 200. Myrtus androssemoides, Poir. diet. 4. p. 409. Fa-
ramea, Sieb. fl. maur. 2. no. 63. Perhaps a proper species.
Many-flowered Myonima. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
§ 2. Fruit containing 2 pyrcnee. Myonimce diibiee. Perhaps
a proper genus.
4 M. ? UMBELLA'TA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 463.) leaves obovate or obovate-oblong, coriaceous ; pe-
duncles axillary, many-flowered at the apex ; pedicels 7-8, um-
bellate ; berries roundish ; calycine teeth very short, acutish.
Tj . S. Native of the Island of Luzon, one of the Philippines.
Segments of corolla valvate in aestivation. Genitals not ex-
serted. Seeds narrow, cylindrical, as in Guettarda, ex Bartl.
Perhaps a section of Myonima, as Laugeria is of Guettarda.
Umbellate-fiowered Myonima. Tree small or shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamiltonia, p. 555.
CXXI. PYRO'STRIA (from pyrus and striatus ; in allusion
to the fruit being shaped like a pear, and striated). Comm. in
Juss. gen. 206. mem. mus. 6. p. 397. Lam. ill. t. 65. A.
Rich, in mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 216. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 464.
LIN. SYST. Tetra Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an
obovate tube, and a small 4-5-toothed limb. Corolla sub-
campanulate, spreading, 4-5-cleft, with lanceolate acute lobes,
and a tomentose throat. Stamens 4-5, hardly exserted. Stigma
capitate, bifid : having the lobes approximate (ex Rich.). Fruit
pear-shaped, 6-8-striped, but not crowned, containing 4-5 1-
seeded, bony, combined pyrenae. Embryo inverted. Albumen
fleshy. — Small glabrous trees, natives of the Mauritius. Leaves
on short petioles. Stipulas lanceolate, acuminated, rather longer
than the petioles. Peduncles axillary, 1-3-flowered. The num-
ber of the cells of the fruit is variable.
1 P. OLEO!DES (Lam. ill. no. 1484. t. 65. f. 3.) leaves oblong,
obtuse; stipulas glabrous ; peduncles 1-3-flowered; drupes 8-
seeded. *? . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon, where it is
called Bois Mussard. P. Commersoni, Gmel. syst. 1. p. 247.
P. salicifolia, Willd. spec. 1. p. 614.
Olive-like Pyrostria. Tree 20 feet.
2 P. HEXASPE'RMA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 403.) leaves oblong,
acute ; stipulas pilose ; corymbs axillary, dichotomous, with
recurved branches ; drupes 6-seeded. ^ . S. Native of the
East Indies in the Island of Hominoa.
Six-seeded Pyrostria. Tree.
3 P. ORBICULA'RIS (A. Rich, 1. c.) leaves oval-orbicular, ses-
sile at the base and rather cordate, obtuse at the apex ; stipulas
glabrous ; peduncles 1 -flowered, furnished each with an involucel
composed of 2 keeled leaves, which girds the flower. I? . S.
Native of the Island of Bourbon.
Orbicular-leaved Pyrostria. Shrub.
4 P. CORDIFO'LIA (A. Rich, 1. c.) leaves oval, acute, rather
cordate at the base, on very short petioles ; stipulas combined,
sheath-formed, obtuse, and permanent ; flowers pedicellate,
solitary, girded by scales, which are combined into the form of
an involucel ; lobes of corolla oval, acute. ^ . S. Native of
the Mauritius.
Heart-leaved Pyrostria. Tree small.
5 P. POLYMORPHA (A. Rich, 1. c.) leaves sometimes linear-
lanceolate, sessile, variegated : sometimes orbicular and obtuse,
petiolate : sometimes oblong-cordate, acute : stipulas acute,
hardly combined at the base, caducous ; flowers solitary, girded
each by a 3-4-toothed tomentose involucel ; lobes of corolla lan-
ceolate. Jj . S. Native of the Mauritius.
Variable Pyrostria. Tree small.
6 P. MACROPHY'LLA (A. Rich,!, c.) leaves oval-oblong, some-
what cordate, on short petioles, scrobiculate in the axils of the
veins beneath ; stipulas glabrous ; flowers sessile, solitary, axil-
lary, girded each by a 2-leaved involucel. ^ • S. Native of the
Mauritius. Fruit egg-shaped, ribbed, crowned by the calyx.
Long-leaved Pyrostria. Tree small.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamiltonia, p. 555.
CXXII. OCTA'VIA (from Octavus, the eighth ; in reference
to the drupe containing 8 pyrenae). D. C. prod. 4. p. 404.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia ? Calyx with a globose
tube, and a truncate hardly conspicuous limb. Corolla, stamens,
and style unknown. Ovarium crowned by a fleshy shining perma-
nent disk, which is perforated in the middle. Drupe fleshy, glo-
bose, smooth, not crowned by the calyx, containing 8 1 -seeded
pyrenae, which are disposed in a whorl. Albumen fleshy. Em-
bryo unknown. — A glabrous shrub, native of Guiana. Leaves
petiolate, oval, long-acuminated, membranous, shining above.
Bracteas ovate-oblong, acuminated, erect, much shorter than the
petioles, falling off very slowly. Flowers sessile, solitary, bract-
less, in the axils of the superior leaves, or on the tops of the
branchlets. — This genus is not sufficiently known from the want
RUBIACE^E. CXXIII. LITOSANTHES. CXXIV. ERITHALIS. CXXV. RETINIPHYLLUM. CXXVI. NONATELIA. 557
of the flowers ; but it appears to come nearest to Pyrostria, but
differs from that genus in the truncate calyx and inflorescence.
1 O. SESSILIFLORA (D. C. 1. c.) Tj . S. Native of French
Guiana, where it was collected by Patris.
Sessile-flowered Oclavia. Shrub.
Cult. See Hamiltonia, p. 555. for culture and propagation.
CXXIII. LITOSA'NTHES (from \ITOS, litos, small, and
avOos, anthos, a flower ; the flowers are small). Blum, in flora,
1825, p. 189. bijdr. p. 994. D. C. prod. 4. p. 465.— Lito-
santhes, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 213.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx small,
4-toothed. Corolla globose, with a villous throat, and a short
spreading 4-cleft limb. Stamens 4, inclosed ; filaments very
short, inserted beneath the throat ; anthers linear. Style in-
closed, perforating the fleshy disk ; stigma subclavate, 4-toothed
at the apex. Drupe succulent, obovate, umbonate, inflated, when
young 4-celled, but in the adult state usually 1 -celled, containing
generally 4 1 -seeded pyrenae, which are furnished with papery
aril at the base, and fixed to the central axis, which is incomplete.
Embryo incurved. — A shrub, with the habit of Fernclla. Leaves
small, trapeziform, almost sessile. Peduncles axillary, filiform,
usually bearing 2 flowers at the apex. — This genus is nearly
allied to Pyrostria.
1 L. BiFLovRA(Blum. 1. c.) Jj . S. Native of the western parts
of Java, on the mountains in woods.
Two-flowered Litosanthes. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamillonia, p. 555.
CXXIV. ERITHALIS (from cpi, eri, and 0aXXu, thallo, to
grow green ; in allusion to the leaves being of a deep shining
green). P. Browne, jam. p. 165. t. 17. f. 3. Lin. gen. no.
238. Juss. gen. p. 206. mem. mus. 6. p. 396. Lam. ill. t.
159. Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 26. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par.
5. p. 213. D. C. prod. 4. p. 465.— Herrera, Adans. fam. 2. p.
158. but not of Ruiz et Pav.
LIN. SYST. Peta-Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, a short permanent subtruncate limb, having its border
hardly 5-10-toothed. Corolla rotate, almost without a tube,
5-10-parted; lobes linear-oblong, spreading. Stamens 5-10,
scarcely adnate at the bottom of the corolla ; filaments subulate ;
anthers linear. Stigma appearing simple at first sight, but on
more close examination it will be found to be bilamellate. Drupe
globose, furrowed, crowned by the calyx, containing 5-10 1-
seeded pyrenae. Seeds pendulous. Albumen fleshy. — Glabrous
shrubs. Leaves petiolate, having the lateral nerves hardly evi-
dent. Stipulas broad, short, mucronate, sheathing, permanent.
Peduncles axillary, panicled, rather longer than the leaves.
Flowers small, white.
1 E. FRUTICOSA (Lin. spec. 251.) leaves obovate ; panicles pe-
dunculate ; berries 8-10-furrowed, crowned by the truncate
limb of the calyx. Tj . S. Native of Martinico, Guadaloupe,
Jamaica, St. Thomas, Porto-Rico, Cuba, &c. in woods on the
mountains. Swartz, obs. p. 80. — Browne, jam. t. 17. f. 3. —
Plum. ed. Burm. t. 249. f. 2. — Erithalis odorifera, Jacq. amer.
72. t. 173. f. 23. Flowers white, sweet-scented, usually hexan-
drous. Berries purple.
far. ft, inodbra (Jacq amer. p. 72.) shrubby ; branches pro-
cumbent ; flowers inodorous ; berries white. Jj . S. Native of
Curacoa, on rocks by the sea side. E. inodora, Rcem. et
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 268. This is a shrub about 2 feet high.
Shrubby Erithalis. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1793. Tree 10 to 15 ft.
2 E. ANGUSTIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 465.) leaves oblong-
lanceolate, acuminated at both ends ; panicles pedunculate, few-
flowered ; berry 5-9-furrowed, crowned by the 5-toothed limb
of the calyx. ^ . S. Native of Cuba, about the Havannah.
Teeth of calyx 5-6, more conspicuous than those of the first
species, and the tube of the corolla is a little longer. Berry
nearly dry, containing 5-7 pyrenae.
Narrow-leaved Erithalis. Shrub.
3 E. ? PENTAG6NIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 465.) leaves oval-lan-
ceolate, acute ; panicles terminal ; fruit deeply 5-furrowed, not
crowned by the calyx ; style very short, crowned by 5 reflexed
stigmas, fj . S. Native of Cuba. Fruit the size of a pea,
containing 5 chartaceous compressed narrow pyrenae. Style
permanent. Corolla and stamens unknown. Habit of the other
species of Erithalis, but is probably a distinct genus.
Five-angled-fruited. Erithalis. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamiltonia, p. 555.
CXXV. RETINIPHY'LLUM (from PIJTW.J, refine, resin,
and <f>v\\ov, phyllon, a leaf; the leaves are covered with resin).
Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 1. p. 86. t. 25. H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 3. p. 421. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p.
208. D. C. prod. 4. p. 366. — Nonatelia species, Juss. Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with a subglobose
tube, a 5-cleft limb, and acute lobes. Corolla salver-shaped,
with a terete tube, and 5 spreading linear obtuse lobes. Sta-
mens 5 ; filaments exserted from the throat of the corolla ; an-
thers oblong. Stigma thick, undivided. Drupe globose, crown-
ed by the calyx, furrowed, containing 5 bony 1 -seeded pyrenae.
— Small glabrous trees. Leaves obovate, obtuse or emarginate
at the apex, cuneated at the base, coriaceous, downy beneath.
Stipulas sheathing. Spikes of flowers axillary, at the tops of the
branches, pedunculate. Flowers secund, 2-4 in a cluster, flesh-
coloured, propped by 3-5 coloured bracteas.
1 R. SECUNDIFLORUM (Humb. et Bonpl. 1. c.) Ij . S. Native
of South America, on the shady banks of the Orinoco and Ata-
bapo, near St. Balthazar. Nonatelia secundiflora, Spreng. syst.
1. p. 751. The leaves and branches are covered by a kind of
yellow resinous matter. Berries size of a pea, brownish.
Secund-flowered Retiniphyllum. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamiltonia, p. 555.
CXXVI. NONATE'LIA (the Guiana name of one of the
species). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 182. Lam. ill. t. 155. Juss. gen.
p. 205. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 422. A. Rich,
mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 206. t. 19. f. 2. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 466. — Oribasia, Schreb. gen. no. 307. — Psychotria species,
Willd. — Nonatelia species, Juss. mem.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a 5-toothed permanent limb. Corolla tubular, fun-
nel-shaped, having the tube as if it was gibbous, and a 5-lobed
limb. Stamens 5, almost inclosed. Stigmas 2 ? obtuse. Drupe
globose, furrowed, containing 5 coriaceous 1 -seeded pyrenae.
Albumen horny. — Shrubs or small trees. Leaves glabrous or
downy, oval-oblong. Stipulas combined together more or less,
or free. Thyrse terminal, panicle-formed or corymb-formed.
Flowers often bracteolate, white.
1 N. RACEMO'SA (Aubl. "uiiui. 1. p. 187. t. 72.) leaves ellip-
tic-oblong, acuminated at both ends, petiolate ; stipulas twin on
both sides, 3 times shorter than the petioles ; thyrse panicled, a
little longer than the petioles ; flowers bracteolate at the base.
^ . S. Native of Guiana, in the woods of Orapu. Psychotria
racemosa, Willd. spec. 1. p. 966. Orib&sia racemosa, Gmel.
syst. 1. p. 367. Flowers small, white. Bracteas 4, deciduous.
Fruit globose, 5-angled, 5-celled. Perhaps N. racemdsa, A.
Rich. act. soc. hist. nat. Par. 1792. p. 107. is the same.
.Racemose-flowered Nonatelia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
2 N. PANAME'NSIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 466.) leaves oblong,
acuminated at both ends, petiolate ; stipulas twin on both sides,
558
RUBIACE.E. CXXVI. NONATELIA. CXXVII. GYNOCHTHODES. CXXVIII. COBLOSPERMUM.
connected at the base by a ligula, linear-subulate, longer than
the petioles ; thyrse terminal, panicled, divaricate, sessile, short.
Tj . S. Native of Panama. N. divaricata, Bartl. in herb.
Haenke, but not of A. Rich. Drupe roundish, depressed, con-
taining 5 pyrenae. Allied to N. racemosa.
Panama Nonatelia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
3 N. VIOLA'CEA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 188. t. 73.) leaves elliptic,
acuminated, tapering into the short petioles at the base ; stipulas
solitary on both sides, ovate, obtuse, deciduous ; thyrse many-
flowered, about half the length of the leaves ; flowers bracteate.
Jj . S. Native of Guiana, in woods. Rcem. et Schultes, syst.
5. p. 221. exclusive of the observations. Psychotria violacea,
Willd. spec. 1. p. 966. but not of Aubl. Oribasia violacea,
Gmel. Bracteas permanent. Corollas white. Berries ovate,
5-celled, of a violaceous colour, about the size of currants.
Violaceous-berried Nonatelia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824.
Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
4 N. OFFICINA'LIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 182. t. 73.) leaves ovate,
acute, glabrous ; stipulas combined into a 4-toothed sheath ;
panicles corymbose ; involucrum small, 3-leaved under each
flower. T; . S. Native of Cayenne, in sterile places. Lam.
diet. 1. p. 342. Stems nodose. Flowers white. Berry 5-cell-
ed and S-seeded, according to Aublet. Psychotria involucrata,
Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 413. a native of Jamaica, is certainly dis-
tinct from the plant of Aubl. in the fruit being 2-celled and
2-seeded.
Officinal Nonatelia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. Shrub 2
to 3 feet.
5 N. LU'TEA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 190. t. 74.) leaves broad-
ovate, acuminated ; stipulas bluntly 2-lobed ; panicles erect ;
tube of corolla narrow at the base, long, and with the segments
of the limb acute. T? . S. Native of French Guiana, at the foot
of Mount Couron. Psychotria lutea, Willd. spec. 1. p. 971.
but not of Sieb. Flowers yellow. Young fruit 5-celled, ex
Aubl.
Yellow-flowered Nonatelia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub
1 foot.
6 N. LONGIFLO'RA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 185. t. 71.) leaves lan-
ceolate, acuminated, acute at the base, glabrous ; stipulas com-
bined into a sheath, furnished with 2 acute lobes on each side ;
thyrse panicled, few-flowered, pedunculate, one-half shorter than
the leaves ; tube of corolla incurved, and with the segments of
the limb bluntish. Tj . S. Native of French Guiana, in woods.
Psychotria longiflora, Willd. spec. 1. p. 971. but not of Poir.
Leaves greenish yellow. Berry globose, brownish purple, 10-
striped, 5-celled, ex Aubl. Habit ofPalicurea Pavettce.
Long-flonered Nonatelia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
7 N. GRANDIFLOVRA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
422.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, gla-
brous ; stipulas connate, bifid ; corymbs pedunculate, terminal.
I? . S. Native of South America, on the banks of the Orinoco
and the Tuamini, near Javita. Flowers rose-coloured. Fruit
oval, furrowed, 5-celled, ex Bonpl.
Great-flomered Nonatelia. Shrub.
8 N.? MACUOPHY'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, I.e. p. 423.) leaves
ovate, acuminated, membranous, glabrous above, and clothed
with fine down beneath ; panicles terminal, pedunculate. ^ . S.
Native of South America, in the woods of the Orinoco near
Javita. Schwenkfeldia macrophylla, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 765.
Stamens probably 5. Flowers yellow. Drupe globose, 10-fur-
rowed, 4-5-celled, ex Kunth.
Long-leaved Nonatelia. Shrub.
9 N. FORMOSA (A. Rich, in mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p.
207.) leaves elliptic, long-acuminated, abruptly petiolate, gla-
brous above, and rugged from tomentum beneath ; spikes ter-
minal, simple, erect, length of leaves; flowers tetramerous ; fruit
4-celled ; corolla with a long tube, which is very villous inside.
J? . S. Native of French Guiana. Allied to N. longiflora.
Beautiful Nonatelia. Shrub.
10 N. DIVARICA'TA (A. Rich. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, acumi-
nated, tapering into the petioles at the base ; flowers 5-6-to-
gether, on the top of a common peduncle ; fruit globose, 4-fur-
rowed, containing 4 pyrenae. Tj . S. Native of French Guiana,
in woods. Flowers unknown.
Divaricate Nonatelia. Shrub.
UN.? HI'SPIDA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 187.) leaves
oblong, acuminated, oblique at the base, villous beneath ; stipu-
las linear-lanceolate, broad at the base ; flowers sessile, axillary,
verticillate, with hispid bracteas ; stigma 5-lobed. tj . S. Native
of the East Indies, in Silhet. Corolla funnel-shaped, white.
Ovarium hairy, 5-celled. Habit of Sablcea. Perhaps a proper
genus.
Hispid Nonatelia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamiltdnia, p. 555.
CXXVII. GYNOCHTHO'DES (from yvvn, gyne, a female,
and oxOuSie, ochthodes, warted ; in reference to the warted
stigma). Blum, bijdr. p. 993. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat.
Par. 5. p. 208. D. C. prod. 4. p. 467.
Lm. SYST. Tetra-Pentandria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx
short, quite entire. Corolla 4-5-parted, villous inside, with the
segments of the limb conniving at the base, and spreading at the
apex, each tipped by a short inflexed claw. Stamens 4-5, in-
closed, inserted in the base of the corolla. Stigma bifid, warted.
Drupe globose, baccate, umbilicate, containing 4 1 -seeded tri-
quetrous pyrenae, which are furnished with papery aril. Embryo
albuminous, erect. — A climbing glabrous shrub. Leaves oppo-
site, oblong-oval, acute, coriaceous, glabrous. Stipulas perma-
nent, twin on both sides, approximate, erect, at length marces-
cent. Flowers crowded, axillary. This genus is nearly allied
to Nonatelia according to the author.
1 G. CORIACEA (Blum. 1. c.) Tj. ,_,. S. Native of Java,
among bushes between Rompien and Kuripan.
Coriaceous-leaved Gynochthodes. Shrub cl.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Pcederia, p. 561.
CXXVIII. CGELOSPE'RMUM (from racAoc, koilos, hol-
low, and airEpfna, sperma, a seed ; the seeds are concave inside).
Blum, bijdr. p. 994. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p.
209. D. C. prod. 4. p. 468.
LIN. SYST. Telra-Pentandria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx ur-
ceolate, quite entire, deciduous. Corolla with a short tube, and
a spreading 4-5 cleft limb ; lobes oblong-linear. Stamens 4-5,
exserted ; filaments inserted in the throat ; anthers long, linear,
incumbent. Style perforating the disk. Stigma bifid, exserted.
Drupe globose, umbilicate, containing 4 1 -seeded chartaceously
arillate pyrenae, which are hollow inside, and gibbous on the
outside. Embryo albuminose, erect. — Glabrous climbing shrubs,
with terete branches. Leaves opposite, petiolate. Stipulas
broad, short, truncate. Corymbs or umbels axillary and ter-
minal, simple or compound. This genus is nearly allied to
Gynochthodes, but differs from it in the stamens being exserted.
1 C. SCA'NDENS (Blum, bijdr. p. 468.) leaves oval, acute ;
flowers subumbellate, exceeding the upper leaves. Jj . w. S.
Native of Java and the island of Nusa-Kambanga, on the moun-
tains, climbing upon trees, where it is called Sambon and Tjun-
kankan.
Climbing Coelospermum. Shrub cl.
2 C. CORYMBO'SUM (Blum. herb, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 468.)
leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends ; flowers subumbellate,
3 times shorter than the upper leaves. ^ . w. S. Native of
Java.
RUBIACE.E. CXXIX. ANCYLANTHCS. CXXX. PHALLARIA. CXXXI. HYLACIUM. CXXXII. CUVIEKA, &c. 559
FIG. 103.
Corymbose-flowered Ccelospermum. Shrub cl.
Cult. See Pcediiria, p. 561. for culture and propagation.
CXXIX. ANCYL A'NTHUS (from aynvXas, ankylos, curved,
and ardoe, anthos, a flower ; the corolla is incurved). Desf.
mem. mus. 4. p. 5. t. 2. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 396. A. Rich,
mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 209. D. C. prod. 4. p. 468.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a 5-parted limb (f. 103. rf.) ; lobes acute. Corolla tu-
bular, incurved (f. 103. 6.), with the tube widened at the apex,
and an irregular 5-lobed limb (f. 103. c.) : the 2 superior lobes
the longest, all ending in callous points. Anthers 5, sessile at
the throat (f. 103. <?.). Stigma thick, terete, 5-lobed at the
apex(f. 103. d. <?.). Ovarium 5-celled(f. 103.g.); cells 1 -seeded.
— A shrub, with villous branch-
lets. Leaves elliptic, obtuse, pu-
berulous, on short petioles, reti-
culated beneath. Stipulas cori-
aceous, acute, sheathing at the
base. Flowers 1-3 together, on
short pedicels, axillary, spread-
ing, bracteolate, hairy. — From
the stigma and lobes of the co-
rolla this genus agrees with Cu-
viera.
1 A. RUBIGINO'SA (Desf. I.e.)
\l . S. Native of Angola, on the
western coast of Africa, (f. 103.)
Rusty Ancylanthus. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
Cult. For culture and propa-
gation see Hamillonia, p. 555.
CXXX. PHALLA'RIA (from Phallus, in reference to the
form of the stigma). Schum. pi. guin. p. 112. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 619.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a globose or
turbinate tube, and an acutely 5-toothed limb. Corolla tubular,
5-cleft : segments acute, spreading or reflexed. Anthers 5,
ova!, inserted at the throat. Style filiform ; stigma phalliform.
Ovarium 2-seeded? — Glabrous shrubs, natives of Guiana.
Branches terete. Leaves opposite, ovate-elliptic, on short pe-
tioles. Stipulas interpetiolar, acuminated. Peduncles axillary.
• — Nearly allied to Cuviera.
1 P. HORIZONTALS (Schum. pi. guin. p. 112.) branches hori-
zontal, unarmed ; peduncles umbellate, f? . S. Native of Guiana.
Stigma conical, and as if it was furnished with a reflexed mem-
brane from the very loose margin, truncate at the apex.
Horizontal-brnndtied Phallaria. Shrub.
2 P. SPINO'SA (Schum. pi. guin. p. 113.) branches spinose ;
peduncles racemose. Fj . S. Native of Guiana. Stigma of a
capitate conical form, bifid at the apex, ex Schum.
Spinose Phallaria. Shrub.
Cult. See Hamiltonia, p. 555. for culture and propagation.
CXXXI. HYLA'CIUM (from av\a£ avXattos, aulax aulakos,
a furrow ; in reference to the style and stigma being furrowed).
Beauv. fl. d'ow. 2. p. 83. t. 113. D. C. prod. 4. p. 619— Psy-
chotria species, Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 379.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with a short
hemispherical tube, and a 5-toothed limb. Corolla funnel-
shaped, with a long tube, and 5 roundish reflexed lobes. Anthers
5, almost sessile in the throat. Style thick at the base, 5-fur-
rowed ; stigma cylindrical, truncate at the base and apex, 5-fur-
rowed. Drupe dry, containing a 2-celled rugged nucleus ; cells
1-seeded, but one of them is usually abortive. — A shrub. Leaves
opposite, on short petioles, ovate-oblong, attenuated at both
ends, glabrous. Stipulas unknown. Corymbs terminal ; pedicels
2-3-flowered. Flowers white. This genus is nearly allied to
Palicurea, if the fruit be 2-celled, but if it be 5-celled it is more
nearly allied to Nonatelia ; but in the form of the stigma it
agrees with Cuviera.
1 H. OWARIE'NSE (Beauv. 1. c.) ^ . S. Native of Western
Africa, in the kingdom of Waree in deserts.
Wares Hylacium. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamiltonia, p. 555.
CXXXII. CUVIE'RA (in honour of M. Frederick Cuvier,
the celebrated French zoologist). D. C. ann. mus. 9. p. 222.
t. 15. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 396. D. C. prod. 4. p. 468. A.
Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 210. but not of Koel.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with a short tube,
and a 5-parted limb : lobes linear, acute, foliaceous, spreading,
3 times longer than broad. Corolla campanulate, 5-cleft; lobes
linear, very acute, hardened, and therefore spinescent ? Anthers
5, inclosed in the throat ; filaments very short. Stigma large,
dilated, cup-formed, obtuse, and somewhat pentagonal, with re-
flexed edges. Fruit baccate, 5-celled ; cells 1-seeded. — A
glabrous shrub, with diverging branches. Leaves oval-oblong,
acute, almost sessile. Stipulas combined into a short bidentate
sheath. Panicles terminal, corymbose. The corolla has a mem-
brane on the inside, which is separable from it, and this mem-
brane is probably furnished with the stamens. Ovarium desti-
tute of the urceolus at the apex.
1 C. ACUTIFLO'RA (D. C. 1. c.) Tj . S. Native of Sierra Leone,
where it was collected by Smeathmann. Cuviera Africana,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 760.
Acule-florvered Cuviera. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamiltonia, p. 555.
CXXXIII. DONDPSIA (named after James de Dondis, who
was among the first who illustrated the descriptions of plants by
figures). D. C. prod. 4. p. 469. but not of Adans. nor Scop, nor
Rchb.
LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with a turbi-
nate tube, which is adnate to the ovarium, and a very short
hardly 5-toothed limb. Corolla with a short broad tube, fur-
nished with one series of retrograde scarious stiff hairs inside,
which is perhaps the loose jagged part of a membrane inside the
tube ; lobes 5, acuminated, valvate in aestivation, but at length
spreading. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat of the corolla
between the lobes ; filaments short, slender. Style filiform,
tumid in the middle, and hispid. Stigma ovate, truncate at the
base, almost cup-shaped. Ovarium 1 -celled? many seeded?
Fruit unknown. — A glabrous shrub, native of India, with slender
branches. Leaves oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, on
very short petioles. Stipulas acute, short, deciduous. Race-
mules 3-4-flowered, short, axillary or rising from very short
branchlets, bracteolate, much shorter than the leaves. — This
genus is nearly allied to Cuviera and Stigmdnthus, but differs
from both in the truncate calyx, which is 5-parted in those
genera ; from Cuviera in the limb of the corolla being un-
armed, in the tube being pilose inside, not clothed by a mem-
brane, in the form of the stigma, and perhaps of the fruit ; and
from Stigmdnthus in the tube of the corolla being short, not
long, in the style being tumid in the middle, and in the ovarium
being turbinate, not roundish.
1 D. LESCHENAU'LTII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 469.) T? . S. Native
of the East Indies, on mountains, where it was collected by
Leschenault.
Leschenault's Dondisia. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamilldnia, p. 555.
560 RUBIACE&. CXXXIV. STIGMANTHUS. CXXXV. STRUMPFIA. CXXXVI. BILLIOTIA. CXXXVII. LYGODYSODEA.
CXXXIV. STIGMA'NTHUS(from <my/ua, stigma, a stigma,
and avOos, anthos, a flower ; in allusion to the large stigma).
Lour, cocli. p. 146. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 390. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 469. — Stigmatanthus, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. xv.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with a short
tube, a 5-parted limb, and filiform segments. Corolla fun-
nel-shaped, with a long tube, and 5 ovate-oblong spreading
lobes. Stamens 5 ; filaments very short ; anthers reflexed.
Style filiform, longer than the corolla ; stigma ovate, furrowed,
large. Berry dry, tubercular, compressed, 1-celled. Seeds
many, bony. — A climbing shrub, with glabrous lanceolate leaves.
Cymes large, axillary, and terminal. Flowers white. — This
genus is not sufficiently known ; it differs from Cuviera in the
I -celled fruit; and from Dondisia in the 5 -parted calyx. Per-
haps both this genus and Dondisia are referrible to Tribe Gar-
deniacece, subtribe Gardeniece.
1 S. CYMOSUS (Lour. 1. c.). Tj . G. Native of Cochin-china,
in woods on the mountains. Cuviera Asiatica, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 760.
Cymose-fiovrered Stigmanthus. Shrub climbing.
Cult. See Hamiltonia, p. 555. for culture and propagation.
CXXXV. STRU'MPFIA (named by Jacquin after Christo-
pher Charles Strumpf, professor of chemistry and botany at
Hall, in Magdeburg, editor of Linnaeus's Genera Plantarum in
1752). Jacq. amer. p. 218. Lam. ill. t. 731. A. Rich, mem.
soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 218. 1. 19. f. 3. D. C. prod. 4. p. 469.
— Striimphia, Pers. ench. 2. p. 211.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digy'nia. Limb of calyx campa-
nulate, cleft in 5 parts beyond the middle ; lobes acuminated.
Corolla sub-campanulate, deeply 5-parted, with hardly any tube,
but with erectish lanceolate lobes or segments, which are some-
what reflexed at the apex. Stamens 5 ; filaments very short,
inserted in the bottom of the corolla, connate ; anthers com-
bined into an ovate-oblong somewhat pentagonal tube, which is
5-celled inside ; cells regularly disposed, 3 external and 2 in-
ternal. Style length of stamens. Stigma bifid ; with the lobes
erect and obtuse. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 1-ovulate. Drupe
pea-formed, umbilicate, containing a 2-celled globose nucleus,
rarely 1-celled from abortion. — A small shrub with a short stem.
Leaves fleshy, 3 in a whorl, linear, obtuse, with revolute margins.
Stipulas interpetiolar. Flowers small, disposed in short, nearly
simple axillary racemes : having 2 opposite scale-formed brae-
teas under each flower.
1 S. MARI'TIMA (Jacq. 1. c.). tj . S. Native of Curacoa, on
rocks by the coast. The leaves resemble those of rosemary,
and the stipulas are blackish. Flowers small. The whole plant
has a disagreeable smell.
Sea-side Strumpfia. Shrub 3 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamtllonia, p. 555.
CXXXVI. BILLIO'TIA (named by Aloysia Colla, of Turin,
after his daughter, Madame Tecofila Billioti, a famous botanical
artist). D. C. prod. 4. p. 618. but not of Colla. — Viviania,
Colla. ann. soc. lin. par. 1825. but not of Cav. nor Raddi nor
Rafin. — Melanopsidium, Cels. hort. but not of Poit.
LIN. SYST. Penta-tfeptdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with the
tube adhering to the ovarium, and a 5-7-parted limb. Corolla
salver-shaped : having the tube bearded with bristles inside,
and a 5-7-parted limb. Stamens 5-7, adnate to the tube.
Ovarium crowned by a nectariferous urceolus. Style 1 ; stig-
mas 4. Drupe 1 -seeded by abortion A smoothish shrub.
Leaves opposite, petiolate, elliptic, acutish, villous on the pe-
tioles, margins, and the nerves on the under side of the leaves,
the rest glabrous. Stipulas solitary at each of the nodi, pro-
bably formed of 4, which are combined into a sheath, which is
cleft on one side, and denticulated at the apex, downy when
young, brow n in the adult state, falling off at length in a cir-
cular manner at the base.
1 B. PSYCHOTEIOIDES (D. C. 1. c.). Jj . S. Native country
unknown. Viviania psychotrioldes, Colla, 1. c. Melanopsidium
nlgrum, Cels. hort. Colla, hort. rip. t. 35. Leaves 3 inches long
and 15 lines broad, on petioles 3-4 lines long. Stipulas 6-7
lines long. Flowers white, disposed in terminal heads.
Psychotria-like Billiotia. Clt. ? Shrub.
Cult. See Hamillonia, p. 555. for culture and propagation.
Tribe VIIL
(this tribe agrees with Pcederia in important
characters). D. C. prod. 4. p. 470.— Lygodysodeaceae, Bartl.
in herb. Hsenke, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 470. Fruit 2-celled,
indehiscent, hardly fleshy, and the rind is easily separated from
the carpels or nuts, which are compressed, 1 -seeded (f. 104. _/.),
and hanging from the central filiform axis. Albumen fleshy. —
Climbing shrubs, with opposite leaves and interpetiolar stipulas.
CXXXVII. LYGODYSO'DEA (from \vyoe, lygos, a twig,
and SvowSng, dysodes, fetid ; all parts of the species are fetid
when bruised, like those of Paederia). Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. prod.
p. 32. t. 5. Bartl. in herb. Heenke. D. C. prod. 4. p. 470.—
Disodea, Pers. ench. 1. p. 210.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with an ovate
globose tube, and a 5-toothed acute, permanent limb (f. 104. a.).
Corolla having the tube much longer than the teeth of the calyx
(f. 104. 6.), with a hairy throat, and 5 somewhat revolute lobes
(f. 104. c.). Anthers oblong, sessile within the tube (f. 104.
e.). Style equal in length to the tube ; stigmas 2, slender (f.
104. rf.), exserted. Fruit indehiscent, oval, somewhat com-
pressed, shining, crowned by the calycine teeth (f. 104. g.)\ the
rind is crustaceous, and at length becomes brittle and breaks
irregularly, and therefore is easily separated from the carpels or
seeds. Carpels or seeds 2 in each fruit, indehiscent, oval, applied
together, girded by a nerve-formed winged margin, hanging by a
thread from the base of the fruit, and when the rind has been
separated from them appear pendulous. Albumen a thin fleshy
membrane, combined with the tegument of the carpella or
wanting altogether. Embryo straight, with an inferior terete ra-
dicle, cordate foliaceous flat cotyledons, and an inconspicuous
plumule. — Smoothish twining shrubs, holding the same station
in America as the genus Pcederia does in Asia. Stems terete or
compressed. Leaves opposite, petiolate, cordate or ovate, acu-
minated. Stipulas very short, rather truncate, combined with
the petioles. Panicles few-flowered, loose, terminating in few-
leaved, axillary branchlets, or axillary and leafy. — This genus
comes very near Pcedtria, and might probably form a distinct
order with it from the distinct calyx and carpels.
1 L. FCE'TIDA (Ruiz et Pav.
fl. per. 2. p. 48. t. 188.) stems
alternately compressed and fur-
rowed ; corymbs axillary, leaf-
less, one half shorter than the
leaves ; leaves all more or less
cordate. ^ . ^. S. Native of
Peru, in groves at Muna and
Pozuzo. Dysodea foe'tida, Pers.
ench. 1. p. 210. Petioles 4
lines long. Flowers purplish
white. This plant has been
confused with Pcederia fce^tida
by Sprengel.
Fetid Lygodysodea. Sh. tw.
2 L. CILIA'TA (Bartl. in herb.
Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
FIG. 104.
RUBIACEJE. CXXXVIII. LECONTEA. CXXXIX. P^DERIA.
561
470.) stems terete ; corymbs axillary, bearing 2-4 leaves, length
of leaves ; leaves some of them cordate and others ovate at the
base. Jj . /*\ S. Native of Mexico, where it was collected by
Haenke. Rondeletia volubilis, Sesse et Moc. fl. mex. icon,
ined. L. Mexicana, D. C. annot. fl. mex. ined. Petioles,
nerves of leaves on the under side, and margins ciliated with
hairs. Petioles 12-15 lines long, villous above.
Ciliated-leaved Lygodysodea. Shrub tw.
Cull. See Peederia, p. 562. for culture and propagation.
CXXXVIII. LECO'NTEA (named after John Leconte,
F.L.S. of Savannah, in Georgia ; a celebrated American botanist).
A Rich, mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 105. t. 20. f. 1-2. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 470.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogy'nia. Limb of calyx 5-
parted ; lobes subulate, spreading. Corolla with a longish te-
rete tube, and a 5-parted limb. Stamens 5, inserted in the
throat, which is naked, almost sessile ; anthers oblong, exserted.
Style simple ; stigmas 2, linear, recurved. Ovarium 2-celled,
2-seeded. Fruit compressed, crowned, a little striated : rind
coriaceously membranous, bursting from the carpels or seeds at
the base. Carpels compressed, 1 -seeded, with winged margins,
hanging each from the top of a thread, which rises from the
base of the fruit. Seeds erect. Embryo straight, in fleshy
albumen, with a short radicle, and longer obtuse cotyledons. —
Small climbing shrubs, natives of Madagascar. Leaves oppo-
site, petiolate, tomentose. Stiptilas undivided. Flowers almost
sessile, disposed in spikes ; spikes in fascicles, erect, or incurved,
rising from the top of a common axillary peduncle.
1 L. ARGE'NTEA (A. Rich, 1. c.) leaves oval, abruptly acumin-
ated, obtuse at the base, clothed with silvery tomentum beneath ;
spikes erect, in fascicles, elongated ; flowers distant ; fruit
oblong-oval. Tj . w. S. Native of Madagascar.
Silvery-\eaved Lecontea. Shrub cl.
2 L. BOJERIA'NA (A. Rich, 1. c.) leaves heart-shaped, tomen-
tose, abruptly acuminated at the apex ; spikes in fascicles, very
short, recurved ; flowers approximate ; fruit nearly orbicular,
fj . w. S. Native of Madagascar. Lygodysodea Lingun,
Bojer ?
Bojer's Lecontea. Clt. 1823. Shrub cl.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Paederia, p. 562.
CXXXIX. PvEDE'RIA (from pcederos, an opal; in refer-
ence to the transparent berries). Lin. mant. p. 7. no. 1252.
Juss. gen. p. 205. (exclusive of Danais) mem. mus. 6. p. 381.
Lam. ill. 166. f. 1. Gsertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 84. t. 195. A. Rich,
mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 194. D. C. prod. 4. p. 471.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a small 5-toothed permanent limb. Corolla funnel-
shaped, hairy inside, 5-lobed, plicate in aestivation. Stamens 5,
sometimes abortive ; anthers oblong, almost sessile in the
middle of the tube. Style not exserted ; stigma bifid. Berry
small, ovate-globose, 2-celled, 2-seeded : the rind at length
becoming brittle, and easily separated. Albumen fleshy. Em-
bryo straight, with a terete inferior radicle ; flat, foliaceous,
large cotyledons, and an inconspicuous plumule. — Sarmentose
shrubs, rarely erect. Leaves opposite, petiolate, lanceolate,
ovate or cordate, acute. Stipulas solitary on both sides.
Peduncles terminal and axillary, branched, somewhat corymbose.
Flowers small, white, usually unisexual.
* Climbing shrubs.
1 P. FCE'TIDA (Lin. mant. p. 52.) leaves oblong or lanceolate,
cordate at the base, glabrous ; panicles axillary, opposite, short,
few-flowered, rarely terminal ; bracteoles minute ; anthers in-
closed ; berry ovate, a little compressed. fj . w. S. Native
of the East Indies, very common in many places, as well as of
VOL. III.
Japan, and the Moluccas, among bushes. Lam. diet. 2. p. 257.
ill. t. 166, f. 1. Thunb. jap. 107. Roxb. in Wall. fl. ind. 2.
p. 517. Sieb. fl. maur. 2. no. 82. Apocynum fce'tidum, Burm.
fl. ind. p. 71. — Rumph. amb. 5. p. 160. — Kcempf. icon. sel.
t. 9. — Somaraji, asiat. res. 4. p, 261. Stipulas broad, cordate.
Panicles axillary, brachiate. Flowers numerous, of a deep pink
colour. Seeds compressed, bordered by a membranous wing.
The leaves vary much in form. The whole herb has a fetid
smell, when bruised. The roots are used as an emetic by the
Hindoos.
Fetid Paderia. Clt. 1806. Shrub cl.
2 P. RECU'RVA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 518.) leaves lanceolate,
acuminated, glabrous ; corymbs terminal, recurved, villous ;
anthers inclosed ; berries globose, dry, striated a little. fj . w.
S. Native of the East Indies, at Chittagong. Leaves 6 inches
long and from 2-3 broad. Stipulas with a subulate hairy point.
Stigma simple, linear, clavate. Berry size and colour of a
black currant.
Recuroed-corymbed Pasderia. Shrub cl.
3 P. MACROCA'RPA (Wall. cat. no. 7292.) leaves broad, cor-
date, acuminated, downy above and woolly beneath ; racemes
long, axillary, panicled, downy ; fruit oblong, compressed, with
a polished rind, l? . w. S. Native of the Burmese Empire, at
Rangoon.
Large-fruited Paederia. Shrub tw.
4 B. LANUGINOSA (Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 2. p. 52. t. 165.) leaves
broad-ovate, and ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, sagittately cor-
date at the base, downy above and woolly beneath ; racemes
long, axillary and terminal, panicled, downy or pilose as well
as the petioles ; fruit roundish, compressed. V? . w. S. Native
of the Burman Empire, on the banks of the river Abran. Flowers
green and purple.
JVoolly-leaved Paederia. Shrub tw.
5 P. TOMENTOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 968.) leaves ovate-cordate,
acute, tomentose beneath ; panicles axillary and terminal, elon-
gated, leafy. ^ . w. S. Native of Java, among bushes on the
mountains, common.
Tomentose-leaved Paederia. Shrub tw.
6 P. VERTICILLA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 968.) leaves 3 in a whorl,
elliptic- oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; panicles axillary and ter-
minal, elongated, leafy. Tj . w. S. Native of Java, on Mount
Salak.
JVhorled-leaved Paederia. Shrub tw,
* * Erect shrubs, which probably do not rightly belong to the
genus.
7 P. ERE'CTA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 519. but not of Spreng.)
erect ; leaves almost sessile, broad-lanceolate, smooth ; panicles
terminal, erect, in the forks of the branches ; stamens exserted
a little, fj . S. Native of the East Indies, in Silhet. Leaves
4 inches long and 1-y broad. Flowers numerous, small, white,
inodorous. Berries the size of a pea, when ripe highly polished,
black, smooth.
Erect Pajderia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
8 P. TERNA'TA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind, 2. p. 520.) erect,
trichotomous, smooth : with triangular branchlets ; leaves 3 in
a whorl, oblong-lanceolate ; corymbs axillary, trichotomous,
erect, shorter than the leaves ; limb of calyx campanulate, ob-
scurely 5-toothed. I? . S. Native of the East Indies, on the
Juyuntyapoora mountains bordering on Silhet. Flowers rather
large, funnel-shaped, white, on long filiform pedicels, each
pedicel having a pair of linear ciliated bracteas above the
middle. The flowers are said to be fragrant when quite fresh,
but they emit a very offensive smell on being steeped in water
after they have been dried. Corolla fleshy, half an inch long,
with a 5-cleft, rarely 4-cleft border. Fruit unknown.
4C
562 RUBIACE;E. CXXXIX. P^DERIA. CXL. AMARACARPUS. CXLI. DAMNACANTHUS. CXLII. CANTHIUM.
Termite-leaved Psederia. Tree small.
f Species not sufficiently known.
9 P. ? VA'LLI-KA' RA (Juss. mem. tnus. C. p. 381.) climbing;
branches terete, villously tomentose ; leaves broad-ovate, acute,
somewhat cordate, rather pilose above, and rather woolly beneath ;
corymbs axillary, many-flowered. Tj . w. S. Native of Mala-
bar. Rheed. mal. 7. p. 35. t. 18. Hondbessen, Adans, fam.
2. p. 158. Berry globose, green, probably 1-seeded. Flowers
5-cleft, according to the figure, but tetrandrous according to the
description.
Valli-kara Paederia. Shrub cl.
10 P. ? SESSILIFLORA (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 449.) stems ascend-
ing; leaves lanceolate, glabrous; petioles geniculated at the
base ; racemes rather longer than the leaves, brachiate, pani-
cled ; flowers sessile, sub-secund. fj . S. Native of the
Mauritius. Said to be allied to P. fce'tida, but is probably a
species of Laugeria.
Sessile-florveredPasderia. Shrub ascending.
IIP. BRAZILIA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 472.) leaves cordate-
oblong, pilose beneath and on the branches ; panicles terminal,
much branched ; flowers pedunculate. Tj.S. Native of Brazil,
in the province of Minas Geraes. Anthers inclosed. Berry
dry, containing 2 pyrenae. Paederia erecta, Spreng. neu. entd.
.'!. p. 34. but not of Roxb.
Brazilian Paederia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet ?
Cult. The species of Paederia are free growers, and will
thrive in any kind of rich light soil ; and cuttings strike root
readily in the same kind of soil, under a hand-glass.
Tribe IX.
COFFEA'CEjE (this tribe agrees with the genus Coffea in
the fruit being baccate, and in containing 2 hard 1-seeded nuts).
D. C. diss. 1806. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 352.
exclusive of some genera. A. Rich, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 472.
— Psychotriaceae and Cephalideae, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea.
4. p. 4. and p. 133. Fruit 2-celled (f. 105. h. f. 107. c.),
baccate, containing 2 I -seeded bony or crustaceous nuts (f. 107.
</.), which are flat inside and usually marked by a furrow on
the outside ; rarely containing only 1 nut from abortion. Nuts
adhering by the inner sides. Albumen horny. — Trees or shrubs.
Leaves opposite. Stipulas inter-petiolar, with 2 on each side,
which are either combined or distinct.
SUB-TRIBE I. COFFEE'*: (this sub-tribe contains shrubs agree-
ing with the genus Coffea in having distinct flowers). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 472 — Psychotriaceae, Cham, et Schlecht. 4. p. 4.
Flowers distinct, not combined.
CXL. AMARACA'RPUS (from afiapa, amara, leading
water, and (capiroe, karpos, a fruit ; probably in reference to the
furrow on the outside of the pyrenae or nuts). Blum, bijdr.
p. 954. A. Rich, mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 198. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 472.
LIN. SYST. Tetrimdria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with an oval
tube and a 4-cleft unequal limb. Corolla funnel-shaped, with
a villous throat and a deeply 4-cleft limb. Stamens 4, inserted
in the throat of the corolla. Style 1 ; stigma 2-lobed. Drupe
baccate, crowned by the calyx, containing 2 bony 1-seeded
pyrenas, which are furrowed a little on the back. — A small
shrub, with downy branchlets. Leaves opposite, on short pe-
tioles, lanceolate, glabrous above, paler beneath, and rather
downy on the veins. Stipulas connate at the base, bifid at the
apex, deciduous. Flowers small, solitary, in the axils of the
leaves, rarely terminal, sessile, bracteolate at the base. — Habit
and axillary inflorescence of this genus disagree with Psy-
chdtria.
1 A. PUBE'SCENS (Blum, bijdr. p. 954.). T; • S. Native of
Java, and the Island of Nusa-Kambanga.
Pubescent Amaracarpus. Shrub.
Cult. See Coffea, p. 584. for culture and propagation.
CXLI. DAMNACA'NTHUS (from SapvcM, damnao, to con-
quer, aKavOof, acanthos, a spine ; in reference to the strong
opposite thorns). Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 18. t. 182. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 473. — Canthium species, ex Juss. Rich.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with a globose
tube, and a small 5-toothed permanent limb. Corolla, stamens,
and style unknown. Berry globose, 2-celled, crowned" by the
calyx. Seeds solitary in the cells, and fixed to the bottom of
the cells. Albumen cartilaginously fleshy. Embryo very mi-
nute, seated in the base of the albumen, with a short inferior
radicle — An Indian shrub, furnished with opposite spines, but
the leaves and flowers are hardly known. — This genus is nearly
allied to Canthium, but differs in the seeds being fixed to the
bottom of the cells, not to their tops, and in the embryo being
small. The Spina spinarum of Rumph. amb. cited by Gartner,
for this plant has nothing to do with Rubiacece, in the leaves being
alternate and serrated, and is therefore referrible to Stigmarbta
Janghomas ; but perhaps the Oxycantha Javanica, Rumph.
amb. 7. t. 19. f. 3. is a species of Damnacanthus or Canthium.
1 D. TNDICUS (Gaertn. fil. 1. c.). Tj.S. Native of the East
Indies. Carissa spinarum, Thunb. in litt. to Gaertn.
Indian Damnacanthus. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Chiococca, p. 569.
CXLII. CANTHIUM (Canti is the Malabar name of one of
the species). Lam. diet. 1. p. 602. Juss. gen. p. 204. mem.
mus. 6. p. 380. Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 93. t. 196. Roxb. fl.
ind. 2. p. 169. Blum, bijdr. p. 966. D. C. prod. 4. p. 473.
but not of Labill. nor Lindl. — Canthium species, A. Rich, mem.
soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 187. — Gardenia species, Lin. fil. —
Webera species, Schreb.
LIN. SYST. Tetra- Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with an
ovate tube, and a short 4-5-toothed limb. Corolla with a short
tube, a bearded throat, and 4-5 spreading lobes. Anthers 4-5,
inserted at the throat, hardly exserted. Style filiform, ex-
serted ; stigma undivided, thick, ovate-globose, or mitre-formed.
Berry globose, or didymous, fleshy, crowned by the calycine
teeth, 2-celled. Seeds solitary in each cell, inserted towards
the apex, inverted, incurved. Albumen fleshy. Embryo cen-
tral, with a long superior radicle. — Asiatic or African shrubs,
with spinose or unarmed branches. Leaves opposite, rather
coriaceous. Stipulas interpetiolar, solitary'on both sides. Pe-
duncles axillary, short, many-flowered.
SECT. I. EUCA'NTHIUM (from eu, well or good, and cdnthium ;
this section is supposed to contain the true species of the genus).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 473. Mature fruit 2-celled, terminated by
an umbilicus.
* Unarmed shrubs, with pentandrousflomers..
1 C. CORNE'LIA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea 4. p. 14.)
branches unarmed ; peduncles, calyxes, and petioles villous ;
leaves oval, obtuse at the base, acute at the apex, rather villous
on both surfaces ; peduncles bifid ; cymes dense, many-flowered.
fj . S. Native of Senegal. Pavetta Cornelia, Reichb. in Sieb.
fl. seneg. exsic. no. 21. Fruit unknown. Flowers white.
Cornelia Canthium. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
2 C. SUBCORDA'TUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 473.) unarmed ; leaves
ovate, rather cordate, acutish, downy beneath, as well as on the
branches ; peduncles bifid, cymose, many-flowered ; fruit a little
compressed and rather cordate, fj . S. Native of Senegal, in
RUBlACEjfc. CXLI1. CANTHIUM.
563
humid places ; and of Gambia, near Albreda, where it was col-
lected by Leprieur and Perrottet. Flowers smaller than in any
other species of the genus. Stigma ovate. Fruit almost like
that of the following.
Subcordate-leaved Canthium. Tree.
3 C. DI'DYMUM (Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 94. t. 196. exclusive
of the syn. of Rheed.) shrubby, unarmed, glabrous, and smooth ;
leaves on short petioles, obtuse, and oval, glandular in the axils
of the veins beneath ; cymes axillary, on short peduncles ; fruit
didymous. Jj . S. Native of Coromandel, on the mountains.
Didymous-frwted Canthium. Shrub.
4 C. MOLUCCA'NUM (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 172.) shrubby, un-
armed ; leaves oblong ; tube of corolla gibbous, length of style ;
stigma turbinate. Ij . S. Native of the Moluccas. The rest
unknown.
Molucca Canthium. Shrub.
5 C. FASCICULAVTUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 967.) arboreous, un-
armed ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous : flowers in axillary
fasc'cles. fj . S. Native of the west of Java, in mountain
woods. Said to be allied to C. didymum.
Fascicled-Rowered Canthium. Tree.
C C. GLA'BRUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 967.) arboreous, unarmed ;
leaves ovate, or elliptic-oblong, obtuse, acutish at the base,
glabrous ; cymes axillary, branched, many-flowered. f; . S.
Native of Java, in woods on the mountains.
Var, /3, puberulum (Blum. 1. c.) leaves roughish above and
puberulous beneath. ^ . S. Native of Java, at the foot of
Mount Salak.
Glabrous Canthium. Tree.
7 C. MITE (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 474.)
unarmed, glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acuminated, glan-
dular in the axils of the veins beneath ; cymes axillary, loose,
3 times shorter than the leaves, fj . S. Native of the Island
of Luzon, one of the Philippines. Stipulas acuminated. Cymes
bipartite, with diverging branches, and many-flowered branch-
lets. Calyx with 5 short, acute teeth.
Mild Canthium. Shrub.
8 C. LU'CIDUM (Hook, et Am. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 65.)
branches unarmed ; leaves on short petioles, elliptic, obtuse,
attenuated a little at the base, coriaceous, shining above, pale
beneath ; cymes pedunculate, axillary, nearly globose. J? . S.
Native of the Society Islands. Calyx 4-5-toothed. Corolla
4-5-lobed. Stamens 4-5. Closely allied to C. glabrum and
C. nitens.
Lucid-leaved Canthium. Shrub.
* Unarmed shrubs, with tetrandrous flowers.
9 C. NITENS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 474.) unarmed, glabrous ;
leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, bluntish, shining and glossy above ;
racemes compound, axillary, many-flowered, a little longer than
the petioles. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies, where it was
collected by Leschenault. Petioles 8 lines long. Stipulas tri-
angular, deciduous. Peduncles disposed in dense panicles.
Tube of corolla a little longer than the lobes, which are oval
and obtuse. Stigma thick, ovate, much exserted.
Shining-leaved Canthium. Shrub.
* * * Spinose shrubs, with letrandrous flowers.
10 C. PARVIFLORUM (Lam. diet. 1. p. 602.) shrubby; branch-
lets glabrous ; spines opposite, horizontal, supra-axillary ; leaves
ovate, on short petioles, smooth, longer than the spines, usually
in • fascicles ; racemes rising beneath the spines at the axils ;
berries nearly globose. \i . S. Native of Coromandel, fre-
quent. Roxb. cor. 1. p. 39. t. 51. fl. ind. 2. p. 170. Gaertn.
fil. carp. 2. p. 196. f. 3.? Webera tetrandra, Willd. spec. 1.
p. 1224. Kanden-kara, Rheed. mal. 5. p. 71. t. 36. When
the plant is in luxuriance, the spines are sometimes threefold.
Flowers small, yellow. Berries yellow, obcordate, compressed
laterally, size of a cherry. The bush makes excellent fences.
The leaves are universally eaten in curries ; on this account the
plant has the name of Balusoo-kura, which latter word means
esculent.
Small-flowered Canthium. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
11 C. HEBE'CLADUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 474.) shrubby;
branchlets velvety ; spines opposite, rising from an acute angle ;
leaves obovate, glabrous, hardly longer than the spines ; pedicels
numerous, 1-flowered, axillary, fj . S. Native of the Island
of Luzon, one of the Philippines. C. parviflorum, Bartl. in
herb. Hsenke. but not of Lam.
Downy-branched Canthium. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
* * * * Spinose shrubs, with pentandrous flowers.
12 C. MUNDTIA'NUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p.
131.) a small erect shrub: with opposite spinescent branches;
leaves ovate-oblong, of the same colour on both surfaces, mem-
branous ; petioles downy inside ; cymes axillary, pedunculate.
Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, at Plittenberg's Bay.
Habit of Plectronia ventbsa, but the cymes are on longer
peduncles ; the flowers are smaller, and the stipulas are glabrous
inside, not leaving a margin of white wool on falling, as in that
plant.
Var. ft, pubeicens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 474.) leaves downy on
both surfaces. Jj . G. Growing along with the species.
Mundt's Canthium. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
13 C. HORRIDIUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 966.) shrubby, erect ;
spines spreading, straight; leaves small, almost sessile, ovate-
oblong, acutish, downy on both surfaces, as well as the branches
and stipulas ; flowers twin or tern, axillary, on very short pe-
duncles. I? . S. Native of Java, among bushes about Buiten-
zorg. Branches spreading, opposite.
Horrid Canthium. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
14 C. PARVIF6LIUM (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 170.) shrub thorny
and hairy ; leaves oval, hairy beneath ; flowers axillary, crowded ;
tube of corolla globose. J? . S. Native of the East Indies.
The inside of the tube of the corolla is surrounded by a circle
of straight white bristles of its own length, inserted round its
mouth, and pointing to its bottom. The figure in Pluk. aim
27. t. 133. f. 3. so often referred to as this plant, has nothing
to do with it ; consequently it is neither Manetia diacantha,
Willd. spec. 1. p. 670., nor Azlma diacantha, Lam. diet. 1
p. 343.
Small-leaved Canthium. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
15 C. ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 169.) shrub
thorny ; leaves lanceolate, glabrous, and shining, on short pe-
tioles ; flowers numerous, axillary, on short pedicels ; berries
roundish, retuse. T? . S. Native of the East Indies, on hills,
in the vicinity of Chittagong, Silhet, and the whole eastern
frontier of Bengal. Branches glabrous. Flowers small, green-
ish-yellow. Corolla with a short gibbous tube, and 5 lanceolate
segments. Drupe roundish, when ripe yellow.
Narrow-leaved Canthium. Shrub.
16 C. RHEEVDII(D. C. prod. 4. p. 474.) shrub thorny ; leaves
oval-lanceolate, acuminated, on very short petioles, shining ;
flowers numerous, axillary, on short pedicels ; berries roundish-
ovate, compressed. fj . S. Native of Malabar, where the
Brachmans called it Canti, hence the generic name. Tsjeron-
kara, Rheed. mal. 5. p. 73. t. 37. Root reddish, bitter. Flowers
small, greenish. Berries green. It differs from C, parviflorum
in the flowers being 5-cleft and pentandrous.
Rheede's Canthium. Shrub.
17 C. PEDUNCULA'RE (Cav. icon. 5. p. 21. t. 436.) shrub
thorny ; leaves ovate, acute, almost sessile, downy ; peduncles
4 c 2
564
RUBIACE.E. CXLII. CANTHIUM. CXLIII. PLECTRONIA. CXLIV. PSYDRAX.
axillary, solitary, 17>nger than the leaves. Fj . S. Native of
the Island of Luzon, one of the Philippines. Teeth of calyx
subulate. Corolla pale purple, with a woolly throat, and 5
lanceolate, very acute segments. Filaments shorter than the
corolla. Berry ovate, sub-compressed. This shrub is perhaps
generically distinct from Cdnthium.
Peduncular Canthium. Shrub 8 to 10 feet.
18 C. LYCIO^DES (A. Rich, diss. p. 108.) spines supra-axillary,
simple ; leaves small, oblong-oval, acuminated, rather hairy ;
stipulas broad, ending in a long abrupt point at the apex ;
flowers axillary, pedunculate, solitary. t? . S. Native of
Manilla. Habit of a species of Lycium. The rest unknown.
Lycitim-like Canthium. Shrub.
19 C. CHINE'NSE (Pers. ench. 1. p. 200.) shrub thorny;
leaves obovate ; flowers sessile, hairy. Jj . G. Native of
China, at Macao ; and of Madras. Gardenia spinosa, Thunb.
diss. gard. no. 7. t. 2. f. 4. exclusive of the synonymes. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 1229. Randia spinosa, Poir. diet. 2. p. 829.
Leaves many from the buds under the spines, glabrous. Co-
rolla white, a little longer than the calyx, with ovate, obtuse,
spreading segments. Stigma clavate. This plant does not
probably belong to Canthium.
China Canthium. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1800. Sh. 5 to 8 ft.
20 C. SCA'NDENS (Blum, bijdr. p. 966.) climbing; spines
divaricate or recurved ; leaves on short petioles, oblong, acu-
minated, downy beneath as well as on the branches ; flowers
disposed in axillary fascicles ; fruit didymous. Tj . w. S. Na-
tive of the Island of Nusa-Kambanga, near Java, among bushes.
Thorns much shorter than the leaves, straight, or a little re-
curved, but sometimes wanting on the branchlets. Fruit rather
rugged, like that of Psydrax.
Climbing Canthium. Shrub cl.
SECT. II, PLEUROGA'STER (from irXtvpov, pleuron, a side,
and yaarrip, gaster, a belly ; the cicatrice occasioned by the fall-
ing of the flower is left at one side of the fruit). D. C. diss.
ined. acad. sc. par. 1806. prod. 4. p. 475. Mature fruit 1-
celled, furnished with the floral cicatrice on one side at the base.
21 C. ANOMOCA'RPUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 475.) glabrous;
branches divaricate, and probably at length becoming spines-
cent ; leaves oval, acuminated, on short petioles ; pedicels slen-
der, elongated, 1 -flowered, corymbose, usually deflexed, rising
from the axils of the superior leaves. 1} . S. Native of Sierra
Leone, where it was collected by Smeathmann ; and of the
Gambia, at Albreda. This plant comes near to Plectronia ven-
tbsa, from the singularity of the fruit.
Anomalous-fruited Canthium. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Chiococca, p. 569.
CXLIII. PLECTRA NI A (from rX^rpov, plecktron, a whip ;
in reference to the square branches). Lin. mant. p. 6. no. 1249.
Lam. ill. t. 146. A. Rich, mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 189.
but not of Burm. nor Lour. — Rhamnus species, Burm.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obo-
vate or oblong tube, and a 5-toothed limb. Teeth very short,
aculish. Corolla short, rather funnel-shaped, with a 5-parted
limb, and a bearded throat ; segments acute, reflexed. Sta-
mens 5, inserted in the throat, a little exserted. Style short ;
stigma sub- capitate, of 2 approximate lamellae. Berry dry,
naked at the apex, emarginate, obovate-oblong, compressed,
didymous, containing 2 chartaceously coriaceous, 1 -seeded, inde-
hiscentpyrenae, which are flat inside. — Small African trees, with
opposite, sub-spinose branches. Leaves opposite, petiolate,
elliptic, acute at both ends, rather coriaceous, pale beneath.
Stipulas solitary on each side, apiculated. Peduncles axillary,
short, solitary, racemose, or corymbose ; pedicels about equal in
length to the fruit, slender. — This genus, along with Damna-
cdnthus, Psydrax, and Canthium ought probably to be united.
1 P. VENTO'SA (Lin. mant. p. 52.) branchlets glabrous, tetra-
gonal ; stipulas 3 times shorter than the petioles ; peduncles
many-flowered, corymbose. tj. S. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, in woods much exposed to the wind. Serissa
Capensis, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 193. exclusive of the syn. of Willd.
Cruse, rub. cap. p. 21. 24. t. 2. Canthium Thunbergianum,
Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnasa. 4. p. 130. Plectronia corym-
bosa, A. Rich. 1. c. — Burm. afr. p. 257. t. 94. Flowers greenish
white.
Windy Plectronia. Clt. 1816. Tree.
2 P. MADAOASCARIE'NSIS (A. Rich, in mem. soc. hist. nat.
Par. 5. p. 189.) branchlets glabrous, compressed ; pedicels axil-
lary, 1 -flowered. fj . S. Native of Madagascar, where it was
collected by M. Chapelier. The whole shrub is glabrous.
Leaves oval, attenuated at the base, petiolate. Stipulas short,
acuminated, deciduous. Flowers unknown. Fruit obovate,
emarginate at the apex, and probably obcordate and compressed,
usually 1 -celled by abortion.
Madagascar Plectronia. Shrub or tree.
3 P. HIRSU'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 476.) branchlets villous ;
leaves villous beneath ; stipulas length of petioles. J? . S. Native
of Senegal, by the sides of woods near Dagana, where it was
collected by Leprieur and Perrottet. Canthium Senegalense,
A. Rich. I.e. p. 188. Branches terete, divaricate, spreading,
forming straight angles. Peduncles axillary, villous, compressed,
corymbose at the apex. Berry 2-celled, emarginate at the apex ;
but one of the cells is usually abortive, in this case the fruit be-
comes 1-celled, and the umbilicus lateral, which is indicated by
the permanent 5-toothed calyx.
Hairy Plectronia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Cult. See Chiococca, p. 569. for culture and propagation.
CXLIV. PSY'DRAX (from ^uopcticee, psydrakes, pustulse ;
in allusion to the fruit, which are warted). Gaertn. fruct. 1 . p.
125. t. 26. f. 2. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 190.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 476.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obovate
tube, and a 5-toothed deciduous limb. Corolla with a short
tube, a hairy throat, and 5 oval acute reflexed lobes. Stamens
inclosed, inserted at the throat. Style much exserted ; stigma
bilamellate. Berries fleshy, areolate at the apex, obovate, com-
pressed, wrinkled from tubercles, marked by a furrow on both
sides, 2-celled, containing usually 2, rarely 3 pyrenae ; pyrenaa
oblong, scabrous from wrinkles, 1 -seeded, marked by a linear
furrow, and an umbilicus in the middle. Seeds bony, filling the
pyrenae. Albumen amygdalaceous, scrobiculate. Embryo in-
verted, filiform, curved into the form of a Greek sigma, with
linear cotyledons. — Shrubs, with opposite ovate leaves, and axillary
racemes of small flowers. This genus, from the hard fruit being
often 3-celled, and from the form of the embryo, almost agrees
with the tribe Gtiettardacece.
1 P. DICO'CCOS (Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 125. t. 26. f. 2.) leaves
elliptic, long-acuminated, gradually tapering into the short
petioles at the base ; stipulas lanceolate, acute, permanent ; cymes
pedunculate, branched ; fruit rather heart-shaped. Tj . S. Na-
tive of Ceylon.
Two-seeded Psydrax. Shrub.
2 P. MA'JOR (A. Rich. 1. c. p. 191.) leaves elliptic, on short
petioles, short-acuminated ; stipulas semi-oval, bluntish ; cymes
pedunculate, simple ; fruit heart-shaped. tj . S. Native of
Madagascar. Very like the preceding species, but differs in the
broader leaves with shorter points, caducous stipulas, simple
cymes, and larger fruit.
Larger Psydrax. Shrub.
RUBIACEjE. CXLV. MARQUISIA. CXLVI. NESCIDIA. CXLVII. DIPLOSPORA. CXLVIII. EPITHINIA, &c. 565
3 P. ME'DIA (A. Rich. 1. c.) leaves oval, very blunt, gradually
attenuated at the base ; stipulas ending in long points, caducous ;
cymes hardly pedunculate, simple, few-flowered ; fruit deeply
emarginate, didymous. ^ . S. Native of Madagascar.
Intermediate Psydrax. Shrub.
4 P. ANGUSTIFO'LIA (A. Rich. 1. c.) leaves linear, acutish at
the apex, gradually attenuated at the base ; stipulas lanceolate,
caducous ; cymes hardly pedunculate, 3-S-flowered; fruit small,
heart-shaped, didymous. fj . S. Native of Madagascar.
Narrow-leaved Psydrax. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Chiococca, p. 569.
CXLV. M ARQUrSI A (evidently called so after some person
of the name of Marquis, who is unknown to us). A. Rich. mem.
soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 192. D. C. prod. 4. p. 477. — Canthium
species, Labill.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a short acutely 5-parted limb. Corolla with a short
tube, a glabrous throat, and 5 oblong spreading bluntish lobes,
which are longer than the tube. Anthers 5, ovate, sessile at
the throat of the corolla. Style filiform, length of tube ; stigmas
4-6. Berry ovate, fleshy, 2-celled, crowned by the calyx. Seed
or pyrense solitary in the cells, erect, convex on the outside, but
flat and furrowed inside. — A glabrous shrub, with spinose
branches. Leaves on short petioles, opposite, lanceolate, small,
attenuated at both ends. Stipulas small, solitary on both sides,
adhering to the petioles. Pedicels axillary, solitary, 1-flowered,
deflexed, calyculated by 4 small combined bracteas under the
flower. Flowers small. This genus differs from Canthium in
the stigma being divided into many lobes, and in the seeds rising
from the bottom of the cells, not from the top.
1 M. BILLARDIE'RII (A. Rich. 1. c.) >j . G. Native of Van
Diemen's Land. Canthium quadrifidurn, Labill. nov. holl. 1. p.
69. t. 94. A very spinose shrub, very variable in habit, having
the branches sometimes loose and elongated, and sometimes short
and crowded. Pedicels rising each from a sheath.
La Billardier's Marquisia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Chiococca, p. 569.
CXLVI. NESCI'DIA (from nescio, to be ignorant; the fruit
being unknown the genus is very doubtful). A. Rich. mem. soc.
hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 192. D. C. prod. 4. p. 477.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Mi.nogy'nia. Limb of calyx hardly
any, quite entire. Corolla with a short tube, a naked throat,
and a 5-cleft limb ; segments incumbent, bluntish. Stamens 5,
inserted in the throat, almost sessile, inclosed. Anthers linear,
acute. Style short ; stigmas 2, linear, acute, joined face to face.
Ovarium 2-celled; ovula solitary in the cells, fixed to the mid-
dle dissepiment. Seeds unknown. — A glabrous shrub, native of
the Mauritius. Leaves opposite, petiolate, like those of a
myrtle, coriaceous, scarcely acute. Stipulas short, interpetiolar.
Flowers axillary, solitary, girded by a bidentate calyculous at
the base — This is a doubtful genus from the fruit being un-
known, but it has the habit of Myonvna.
1 N. MYRTIFO'LIA (A. Rich. 1. c.) Tj . S. Native of the
Mauritius.
Myrtle-leaved Nescidia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
Cull. See Chiococca, p. 569. for culture and propagation.
CXLVII. DIPLO'SPORA (from SnrXoot, diploos, double,
and (mopa, spora, a seed ; in reference to the cells of the fruit
being 2-seeded). D. C. prod. 4. p. 477. — Canthium species,
Lindl.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with an obovate
tube, a very short subcampanulate 4-toothed limb. Corolla
with a wide tube, which is shorter than the lobes, a pilose throat,
and 4 ovate fleshy spreading lobes. Anthers 4, sessile at the
throat, semi- exserted. Style length of the tube; stigma bifid.
Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded ; ovula collateral, ascending.
Fruit and seeds unknown. — A glabrous shrub, native of China,
with tetragonal branches. Leaves opposite, petiolate, oblong-
lanceolate, acuminated at both ends. Stipulas solitary on both
sides, ovate, acuminated, permanent. Flowers axillary, crowded,
almost sessile, yellowish-green, calyculate by combined bracteas
at the base. This genus agrees with Epithinia in the cells of the
ovarium being biovulate, but differs in the ovula being col-
lateral, not one on the top of the other.
1 D. VIRIDIFLO'RA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 477.) Jj . G. Native of
China. Canthium dubium, Lindl. in hot. reg. t. 1026.
Green-flowered Diplospora. Fl. July. Clt. 1824. Shrub 3
to 4 feet.
Cult. See Chiococca, p. 569. for culture and propagation.
CXLVIII. EPITHl'NIA (from nri, epi, upon, and 6iv, thin,
the seashore ; the shrub grows among mangroves on the sea-
shore). Jack, in mal. misc. 1. no. 2. p. 12. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 477.
LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogy'nia. Limb of calyx cylin-
drical, scarcely 4-toothed, permanent. Corolla tubular, with a
4-parted spreading acute limb, and a villous throat. Stamens
4, exserted ; anthers linear. Style exserted ; stigma bifid.
Berry 8-furrowed, containing 2 oblong 2-seeded pyrenae. Seeds
placed one above another. — An Indian shrub. Leaves oppo-
site, petiolate, obovate, smooth, almost veinless. Stipulas want-
ing? Peduncles axillary, dichotomous, many flowered, with a
solitary flower in the fork. Flowers white. — This genus is said
to be allied to Malanea, but differs in the cells of the fruit being
2-seeded, and from all other Rubiaceous plants in the want of
stipulas.
1 E. MALAYA'NA (Jack, 1. c.) J; . S. Native of the islands of
Malacca, Singapore, in marshes among mangroves.
Malay Epithinia, Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Chiococca, p. 569.
CXLIX. SIDERODE'NDRON (from atSnpoe, sideros, iron,
and SevSpov, dendron, a tree ; in reference to the hardness of the
wood of the trees). Schreb. gen. no. 691. Vahl, eel. amer. 1.
p. 10. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 374. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist,
nat. Par. 5. p. 183. t. 16. f. 3. D. C. prod. 4. p. 478.— Sider-
oxyloides, Jacq. amer. p. 19.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Ai'onogy'nia. Calyx with a subglobose
tetragonal tube, and a very small 4-toothed limb. Corolla with
a long terete tube, which is hardly widened at the apex, a gla-
brous throat, and 4 oval roundish bluntish spreading lobes.
Anthers 4, sessile in the throat of the corolla, oblong, hardly ex-
serted, one-half shorter than the lobes of the corolla. Style
bifid at the apex, length of the corolla. Berry dry, nearly glo-
bose, naked at the apex, 2-celled, 2-seeded. Seeds convex on
the outside, concave inside, and furnished with a circular areola
as in Baconia. Albumen cartilaginous. Embryo unknown. —
Glabrous hard- wooded trees, natives of South America. Branches
terete, but tetragonal when young, as well as the pedicels. Leaves
opposite, oval-oblong, acute, rather coriaceous, petiolate. Stipu-
las solitary on both sides, apiculated by a short point. Peduncles
axillary, trifid or trichotomous. Flowers rose coloured on the
outside, and white inside. This genus is nearly allied to Cojfea.
I S. TRIFLO'RUM (Vahl, eel. 1. p. 10.) peduncles twin, axil-
lary, 3-flowered. (2 . S. Native of the islands of Montserrat
and Martinico, where it is called bois defer or iron-wood. S,
ferreum, Lam. ill. p. 282. Sideroxyloides ferreum, Jacq, amer.
566
RUBIACEJE. CXLIX. SIDERODENDRON. CL. EUMACHIA. CLI. DECLIEUXIA.
p. 19. t. 175. f. 9 Pluk. aim. t. 224. f. 2. Petioles short, and
the leaves are acute at the base, ex Vahl.
Three-flowered Ironwood-tree. Clt. 1793. Tree tall.
2 S. MULTIFLO'RUM (A. Rich. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, tri-
partite, having the lateral branches trifid, and the middle one
twice trifid. f? . S. Native of French Guiana. Petioles 2-3
lines long. Peduncles 3 or 4 lines longer than the petioles.
Leaves acuminated at the apex, but hardly acute at the base.
Var. ft, angustifblium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 478.) leaves oblong,
acuminated. Jj . S. Native along with the species.
Many-flowered Ironwood-tree. Tree.
f A doubtful species.
3 S. PANICULA'TUM (Willd. herb. no. 2811. ex Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnsea. 4. p. 26.) panicles axillary, pedunculate,
hairy, with subdichotomous branches ; leaves ovate-cordate,
acutely mucronate, nearly sessile. T? . S. Native of South
America, on the banks of the river Atabapo, near San-Balthazar.
Psychotria cordifolia, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
365. but not of Dietr. The fruit is unknown, but the tree
agrees better with Siderodendron than with Psychotria in the
tetrandrous flowers and axillary panicles. Flowers blue, gla-
brous, with a villous throat.
Panicled-flowered Ironwood-tree. Shrub.
Cult. See Chiococca, p. 569. for culture and propagation.
CL. EUMA'CHIA (Eumachus, an author cited by Theophras-
tus). D. C. prod. 4. p. 478. — Petesia, Gsertn. fil. carp. 3. p.
66. t. 192. but not of P. Browne, nor Lin. — Petesia species,
Juss. and Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with an obovate
tube, and a 4-toothed deciduous limb. Corolla funnel-shaped,
with a short tube, a naked throat, and a 4-parted limb ; lobes
roundish, spreadingly reflexed. Stamens inserted in the bottom
of the tube ; filaments short ; anthers oblong in the throat.
Stigma bifid, having the lobes long and acute. Berry globose,
naked at the apex, 2-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. Seeds convex on
the back, and flattish in front, with a moon-shaped umbilicus.
Albumen cartilaginous. Embryo unknown — A glabrous Aus-
tralian tree. Branches terete. Leaves opposite, petiolate,
smooth, oblong-lanceolate. Cymes terminal and axillary, trifid.
Corolla flesh coloured.
1 E. CA'RNEA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 479.) Tj . S. Native of the
island of Namoka, one of the Friendly Islands. Petesia carnea,
Forst. 2. no. 51.
/YesA-coloured-flowered Eumachia. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Chiococca, p. 569.
CLI. DECLIEU'XIA (named after M. Declieux, a French
gardener, who carried the coffee plants first into Martinico).
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 352. Mart, et Zucc. in
Rcem. et Schultes, mant. 3. p. 111. Cham, et Schlecht. in
Linnsea. 4. p. 4. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 193.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 479. — Psyllocarpus, Pohl, in litt. but not of
Mart.
LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with an obovate
tube, and a 4-parted limb (f. 105. 6.). Corolla funnel-shaped
(f. 105. g.\ with a terete tube (f. 105./.), a bearded throat, and
4 spreadingly reflexed lobes. Stamens 4, inserted in the throat ;
filaments filiform ; anthers linear, fixed by the middle, exserted
(f. 105. e.) ; stigma bifid (f. 105. c.). Berry nearly dry, 2-cell-
ed, subdidymous, compressed (f. 105. A.), crowned by the per-
manent calyx (f. 105. 6.), containing 2 chartaceously coriaceous
1 -seeded pyrenae. Albumen horny. Embryo unknown. —
Shrubs, rarely herbs, natives of America. Stems erect, tetra-
gonal when young. Leaves opposite or in whorles, nearly ses-
sile. Stipulas small, interpetiolar. Corymbs terminal, tripar-
tite, bracteate, with dichotomous branches. Flowers white,
lateral and sessile, or terminal and pedunculate, bibracteate.
1 D. CHIOCOCCOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
353. t. 281.) shrubby, glabrous ; leaves opposite, sessile, oblong-
FIG. 105.
lanceolate, acute, cuneated at the
base, with rather revolute edges ;
corymbs sessile, tripartite ; sta-
mens about equal in length to
the lobes of the corolla. ^ . S.
Native of New Andalusia, on
the banks of the Orinoco, near
the monastery of Caripe : and of
Rio Janeiro, ex Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnsea. 4. p. 4.
Roam, et Schultes, mant. 3. p.
112. Houstonia fruticosa.Willd.
mss. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst.
3. p. 527. Shrub 4 feet high.
Flowers white, (f. 105.)
CAzocoeca-izAre Declieuxia. Sh.
4 feet.
2 D. MEXICA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 479.) suffruticose, gla-
brous ; leaves opposite or 3 in a whorl, sessile, oblong-lanceo-
late, obtuse at the base, acute at the apex ; corymbs peduncu-
late, 4-5-parted ; stamens about equal in length to the lobes of
the corolla. T? . S. Native of Mexico. D. chiococcoides,
Bartl. in herb. Hsenke. Flowers white.
Mexican Declieuxia. Shrub 1-J- foot.
3 D. THYMBROIDES (Mart, et Zucc. in Rcem. et Schultes,
mant. 3. p. 111.) shrub much branched ; leaves disposed in ver-
ticillate fascicles, sessile, linear, acute, attenuated at both ends,
and are, as well as the branches, roughish ; flowers solitary or
few together on the tops of the branches. T; . S. Native of
Brazil.
Thymbra-like Declieuxia. Shrub.
4 D. SATUREIOIDES (Mart, et Zucc. in Rcem. et Schultes,
mant. 3. p. 111.) shrub much branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate,
attenuated at the base, sessile, opposite or 6 in a whorl, and are,
as well as the branches, scabrous from hairs ; flowers axillary,
solitary. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. The rest unknown.
Savory-like Declieuxia. Shrub.
5 D. GALIOIDES (Pohl, in litt. under the name of Psyllocdr-
pus,} plant subherbaceous, glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves 3
in a whorl, linear ; whorles distant ; panicles terminal, having
the branches disposed 3 in a whorl, cymose. Tj . S. Native of
Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl.
Galium-like Declieuxia. Shrub 1 foot.
6 D. SPERGCLIFOLIA (Mart, et Zucc. 1. c.) shrubby, glabrous ;
leaves linear-subulate, opposite, sessile ; racemes dichotomous ;
terminal. fj . S. Native of the south of Brazil. Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 6. Panicle terminal, dichotomously
compound from cymes : having the branchlets capillary, elongated,
and erect, with alternate flowers. Flowers twin, one of each
pair sessile. Stamens inclosed. Cham, et Schlecht.
Spurry-leaved Declieuxia. Shrub.
7 D. MARIOIDES (Mart, et Zucc. 1. c.) shrubby; stem and
branches clothed with soft down ; leaves 3 in a whorl, rarely 4,
ovate-lanceolate, almost sessile, glabrous, with revolute edges ;
flowers axillary, almost terminal. ^ . S. Native of Brazil.
Cat-thyme-like Declieuxia. Shrub.
8 D. CENANTHOIDES (Mart, et Zucc. 1. c.) plant herbaceous,
glabrous ; stem nearly simple ; leaves 4 in a whorl, sessile, re-
mote, linear-lanceolate, acute ; racemes bifid, forming a terminal
panicle. Tj . S. Native of the south of Brazil. Panicle, ex
Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 5. terminal, from whorles
CLI. DECLIEUXIA.
567
of branches, usually twin, and forming a terminal umbel, with a
central flower. Flowers sessile.
GEnanthe-like Declieuxia. Shrub.
9 D. FOLIO'SA (Pohl, in litt. under the Psyllocarpus,) shrubby,
scabrous in every part; branches tetragonal; leaves opposite,
linear-oblong, acuminated at both ends, revolute at the margins
while young ; cymes terminal, few-flowered. Tj . S. Native of
Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl. In the axils of the
leaves there are two young leaves, and therefore at first sight
appear 6 in a whorl.
Leafy Declieuxia. Shrub.
10 D. CORDI'GERA (Mart, et Zucc. 1. c.) suffruticose, nearly
simple, clothed with roughish pubescence ; leaves opposite, de-
cussate, approximate, sessile, ovate-cordate, acute, concave on
the back ; racemes bifid, terminal, crowded into a dense panicle.
Jj . S. Native of Brazil within the tropic. Cham, et Schlecht.
in Linnsea. 4. p. 7. Psyllocarpus cordifolius, Pohl, in litt.
Leaves rarely 3 in a whorl. Panicle terminal, erect, many flow-
ered, nearly globose, with angular flexuous branches, dichoto-
mous, hence bearing sessile flowers.
Heart-bearing Declieuxia. Shrub.
11 D. OLAU'CA (Mart, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 8.)
shrubby, glabrous, pruinosely glaucescent ; leaves opposite, ses-
sile, ovate, very acute, erectly adpressed, coriaceous ; panicle
terminal, erect, nearly globose, dense, fj . S. Native of Bra-
zil within the tropic. Very nearly allied to the preceding
species.
Glaucous Declieuxia. Shrub.
12 D. PASSERI'NA (Mart, et Zucc. in Roem. et Schultes, mant.
3. p. 112.) shrubby, glabrous; leaves opposite, decussate, ses-
sile, adpressed, imbricating in 4 rows, ovate, acute, 3-5 -nerved
beneath ; flowers axillary, sessile, covered each by a leaf. Ij . S.
Native of Brazil.
Passerina-\ike Declieuxia. Shrub.
13 D. DAPHNOIDES (Mart, et Zucc. 1. c.) shrubby; branches
twiggy ; leaves opposite, decussate, somewhat imbricating in 4
rows, sessile, ovate-cordate, acute, rather concave above, sca-
brous from hairs beneath, 7-9-nerved ; peduncles axillary, few-
flowered. J?.S. Native of Brazil. The rest unknown.
Daphne-like Declieuxia. Shrub.
14 D. IMBRICA'TA (Pohl, in litt. under the name of Psyllo-
carpus,} shrubby, glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves opposite,
decussate, erect, ovate, hardly subcordate, cuspidate, stiff, having
4 small ribs on each side of the midrib ; peduncles axillary, few-
flowered. 17 . S. Native of Brazil.
Imbricated-\esi\:eil Declieuxia. Shrub.
15 D. RHEXIOIDES (Mart, et Zucc. 1. c.) shrubby, glabrous;
young branches subumbellate, twiggy; leaves opposite, decus-
sate, sessile, erectly spreading, imbricating in 4 rows, orbicu-
larly ovate, acute, 5-nerved ; flowers axillary, almost solitary.
J? . S. Native of Brazil.
Rhexia-like Declieuxia. Shrub.
16 D. ORIGANOIDES (Zucc. 1. c.) shrubby, clothed with
roughish hairs ; branches dichotomous, terete ; leaves opposite,
rather remote, on short petioles, nearly orbicular, acute, many
nerved ; flowers terminal, thyrsoid. fj . S. Native of Brazil.
Leaves like those of Origanum Dictdmnus.
Origanum-like Declieuxia. Shrub.
17 D. MO'LLIS (Zucc. 1. c.) shrubby ; leaves opposite, ovate-
lanceolate, somewhat rhomboid, acute, tapering into the short
petioles at the base, with ribbed veins, clothed with villi ; flowers
terminal, disposed in dichotomous panicles. Jj . S. Native of
Brazil.
Soft Declieuxia. Shrub.
18 D. LYSIMACHIOIDES (Zucc. 1. c.) plant herbaceous or suf-
fruticose, downy ; branches simple, erect ; leaves 3 in a whorl,
ovate, attenuated at both ends, acute ; flowers terminal, dichoto-
rnously panicled. Fj . S. Native of Brazil.
Lysimachia-like Declieuxia. Shrub.
19 D. RUBIOIDES (Zucc. 1. c.) shrubby, glabrous; leaves op-
posite, decussate, ovate, acute, rounded and cordate at the base,
shining above ; flowers terminal, disposed in dichotomous pani-
cles. Tj . S. Native of Brazil.
Rubia-like Declieuxia. Shrub.
20 D. A'LBA (Zucc. 1. c.) shrubby, scabrous ; leaves opposite,
decussate, ovate, acute, sessile, rounded at the base ; racemes
terminal, bifid, disposed in dichotomous cymes, fy . S. Native
of Brazil.
White Declieuxia. Shrub.
21 D. DIVERGENTIFLORA (Pohl, in litt. under Psyllocarpus,)
suffruticose ; branches terete, clothed with velvety hairs ; leaves
opposite, sessile, ovate, acutish, nerved, clothed with fine velvety
down on both surfaces'; cyme terminal, on short peduncles, of 6
diverging rays ; corollas glabrous. Tj . S. Native of Brazil,
where it was collected by Pohl.
Diverging-Jlowered Declieuxia. Shrub.
22 D. PULVERULE'NTA (Mart. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea.
4. p. 9.) suffruticose, clothed with short dense hairs in every
part except the corollas ; leaves usually 3 in a whorl, rarely op-
posite, sessile, ovate, acute or acuminated ; cymes terminal, of
many rays, subfastigiate. ^ . S. Native of Brazil within the
tropic.
Powdery Declieuxia. Shrub.
23 D. POLYGALOIDES (Zucc. in Schultes, mant. 3. p. 113.)
sufFruticose ; branches twiggy, erect ; leaves 3 or 4 in a whorl,
sessile, lanceolate, acute, erect, smoothish ; flowers terminal,
panicled. t? . S. Native of Brazil. The rest unknown.
Polygala-Uke Declieuxia. Shrub.
24 D. VINCOIDES (Mart, et Zucc. 1. c.) shrubby, glabrous;
leaves opposite or 3 in a whorl, ovate, attenuated at both ends,
acute, sessile, shining ; flowers terminal, disposed in dichoto-
mous panicles, fj . S. Native of Brazil.
Vinca-like Declieuxia. Shrub.
25 D. PRUINOSA (Pohl, in litt. under Psyllocarpus, D. C.
prod. 4. p. 481.) suffruticose, glabrous, glaucous; branches
terete ; leaves opposite, sessile, orbicularly ovate, mucronate ;
cymes terminal, trichotomous, on short peduncles, fastigiate. J? .
5. Native of Brazil.
Frosted Declieuxia. Shrub.
26 D. MUCRONULA'TA (Mart. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea.
4. p. 10.) suffruticose, quite glabrous ; leaves opposite, sessile,
elliptic or obovate, cuneated at the base, mucronate at the apex :
the mucrone usually rettexed ; cymes terminal, on short pedun-
cles, somewhat fastigiate. ^ . S. Native of Brazil within the
tropic. Stem and branches terete, furnished with 2 slight wings.
Psyllocarpus trichotomus, Pohl, in litt. may be referrible to this,
but the mucrones of the leaves are not reflexed in the specimens
of that plant collected by Pohl.
Mucronate-leaved Declieuxia. Shrub.
27 D. GLA BRA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 481.) plant suffruticose,
glabrous ; stem somewhat tetragonal ; leaves opposite, petiolate,
elliptic-oblong, acuminated at both ends, but not mucronate ;
cymes terminal, of many rays, subumbellate. tj . S. Native of
Brazil, Pohl; about Caraccas, Vargas. Psyllocarpus glaber,
Pohl. in litt. Very like the preceding.
Glabrous Declieuxia. Shrub.
28 D. 1 PSYCHOTRIOIDES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 481.) suffruticose,
glabrous ; leaves opposite, on short petioles, elliptic, long-acu-
minated, acute at the base ; cymes terminal, on short peduncles,
trichotomous, one-half shorter than the leaves, fj . ? !(. . ? S.
Native of Cayenne, where it was collected by Patris ; and of
Panama and Mexico, according to Haenke. herb. Coffea didy-
1
568
RUBIACE^. CLI. DECLIEUXIA. CLII. TERTKEA. CLIII. CHIOCOCCA.
mocarpa, Bartl. in herb. Haenke. Flowers unknown. Stipulas
twin on both sides, subulate.
Psychotria-like Declieuxia. Shrub.
29 D. HERBA'CEA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 11.)
plant herbaceous, glabrous ; branches straight, glabrous, terete,
a little winged : leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, at-
tenuated, acute ; cymes axillary, on long peduncles, of 5 spread-
ing rays. 1£. S. Native of Brazil, about Rio Janeiro. Knoxia
Brasiliensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 406. Habit of Borreria laxa.
Corolla a line long. Fruit nearly dry. This plant ought pro-
bably to be excluded from the present genus, according to Mar-
tius in Linnaea. 1. c.
Herbaceous Declieuxia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Chiococca, p. 569.
GLII. TERTRFA (named after J. B. du Tertre, a traveller
in the French West Indian Islands, and who has written a gene-
ral history of them). D. C. prod. 4. p. 481. — Schiedea, A. Rich,
mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. pt. 1. p. 186. (1830) but not of
Schlecht. in 1826.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx 4-parted:
lobes erect, oval, obtuse, ciliated. Corolla short, funnel-
shaped, 4-cleft ; lobes short, obtuse, rather spreading : throat
beset with hairs. Stamens exserted, inserted in the upper part
of the tube. Style shorter than the corolla. Stigmas 2, short,
obtuse. Drupe oblong, compressed, crowned by the calyx, with
2 opposite furrows, containing 2 chartaceous 1 -seeded pyrenae.
S.eed oblong, compressed, pendulous. — A shrub, native of Mar-
tinico, having the branchlets usually spinescent at the apex.
Leaves opposite, oval, acute, on short petioles, membranous,
glabrous. Stipulas interpetiolar, acuminated. Flowers small,
disposed in a terminal oppositely branched raceme.
1 T. MARTINICE'NSIS (A. Rich. 1. c.) T; . S. Native of Mar-
tinico.
Martinico Tertrea. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Chiococca, p. 569.
CLIII. CHIOCO'CCA (from \uav, chion, snow, and KOKKOS,
kolckos, a berry ; the berries of C. racemosa are white, hence it
is called snow-berry). P. Browne, jam. p. 174. Lin. gen. no.
231. Jacq. amer. p. 68. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 378. Lam. ill.
t. 160. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 125. t. 26. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist,
nat. Par. 5. p. 186. D. C. prod. 4. p. 482. — Lonicera species,
Lin. hort. cliff, et spec. ed. 1st. — Chiococca species, Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and an acutely 5-toothed permanent limb. Corolla funnel-
shaped, with an obconical tube or throat, and 5 acute lobes.
Stamens with the filaments hardly adnate to the bottom of the
corolla, downy, and shorter than the anthers, which are inclosed
and linear. Style rather clavate at the apex, entire or slightly
2-lobed. Berry somewhat didymous, compressed, crowned by
the teeth of the calyx, containing 2 chartaceous 1-seeded py-
renae. Seeds pendulous. Embryo with a long superior radicle.
Albumen cartilaginous. — Shrubs generally with a somewhat climb-
ing habit. Leaves opposite, ovate or oblong, acute, glabrous.
Stipulas broad at the base, permanent, more or less apiculated.
Racemes axillary, opposite, simple or panicled. Flowers pedi-
cellate, of a yellowish white colour. Roots emetic and alexi-
teric.
1 C. RACEMbsA (Jacq. amer. p. 68. Lin. spec. 246.) leaves
oval, acuminated at both ends, smooth ; Stipulas broad at the
base, and apiculated by a long point at the apex ; racemes many
flowered ; corolla much longer than the teeth of the calyx ; fila-
ments of stamens downy. Tj . S. Native of the West India
islands, Mexico, and Carthagena, on hills. Swartz, obs. p. 76.
Andr. bot. rep. t. 284. Tratt. tab. t. 631. Hook. fl. exot. t.
93.— Sloane, hist. t. 188. f. 3.— Dill. hort. elth. t. 228. f. 295.
and therefore the Lonicera alba, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 175. A
very variable shrub. Corollas at first white and scentless, but
at length becoming yellowish and sweet-scented. Leaves shining
on the upper surface. Berries snow white, hence the English
name snow-berry, and the Greek one chiococca. The stamens
are glabrous in the figure given by Hooker, and the stigma is
trifid in that given by Andrews, variations which have never
been seen in nature. The root has much the same acrid bitter
taste as snake-root, and has been long used as a strong resolu-
tive or attendant ; it is administered with great success in obsti-
nate rheumatisms, and old syphilitic taints. It is best given in
decoction ; it is also an excellent emetic, and may be dsed as
ipecacuanha.
Var. ft, scdndens (Pers. ench. 1. p. 209.) branches very slen-
der, and evidently climbing; leaves oblong; racemes shorter
than the leaves, simple. Ij . S. Native of Jamaica, and the
island of Santa Cruz. — Browne,"jam. p. 164. no. 2. Swartz, obs.
76. var. ft.
Var. y, laxiflora (D. C. prod. 4. p. 482.) climbing ; leaves
oblong; racemes panicled, longer than the leaves. fj . S. H.
Cultivated in the botanic garden at Calcutta.
Var. S, longiflora (D. C. prod. 4. p. 482.) leaves oblong, long-
acuminated ; racemes simple, equal in length to the leaves.
Jj . S. Native of Guadaloupe, where it was collected by Badier.
Var. e, Floridanum (D. C. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, hardly acumi-
nated ; racemes simple, a little longer than the leaves. ^ • S.
Native of Florida and Mexico by the sea side. Chiococca race-
mosa, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 103.
Racemose -flowered Snow-berry. Fl. Feb. Clt. 1729. Shrub
4 to 6 feet.
2 C. DENSIFLORA (Mart. spec. med. bras. p. 17. t. 6.) leaves
ovate, rather coriaceous ; stipulas broad at the base, apiculated
by a longish point ; racemes many flowered ; corolla much
longer than the teeth of the calyx ; filaments densely bearded.
Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in wdbds at Almadas and Ferradas,
on the mountains of Bahia ; and at the Port of St. Catharine, ex
Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 13. Racemes simple.
Flowers white, sweet-scented. This species grows plentiful
about Bahia, where we have seen it either with loose or crowded
branches and leaves.
Var. ft, Cubensis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 482.) leaves ovate, sub-
cordate ; racemes rather compound ; filaments bearded. Tj . S.
Native of Cuba.
Dense-flowered Snow- berry. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
3 C. ANGUI'FUGA (Mart. spec. mat. med. bras. p. 17. t. 5.)
leaves ovate, acuminated ; stipulas very broad, short, each end-
ing in a short point ; racemes panicled ; corolla hardly 3 times
longer than the calycine teeth. fj . S. Native of Brazil, in
woods, French Guiana, Trinidad, Peru, Cuba, and about Cu-
mana, on the Spanish Main. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4.
p. 13. C. brachiata, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 67. t. 219. f. b.
C. racemosa, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 352. Sieb.
fl. trin. exsic. no. 38. C. parviflora and C. paniculata, Willd. in
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 203. Pedicels and branchlets
glabrous. Flowers white. Root diuretic, and is called by the
Brazilians Cainca.
Var. ft, pubescens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 483.) pedicels and
branchlets downy. Tj . S. C. pubescens, Willd. in Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 202.
Anguifugal Snow-berry. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
4 C. ODORA'TA (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 65.)
leaves broad-oval, rather coriaceous, very bldnt, acute at the
base, and running down the short petioles ; peduncles axillary,
solitary, 3-4-flowered ; corolla with a bearded throat. Jj . S.
RUBIACEjE. CLIII. CHIOCOCCA. CL1V. MARGARIS. CLV. SALDINIA. CLVI. SCOLOSANTHUS. CLVII. CHOMELIA. 569
Native of Elizabeth Island, one of the Society Islands. Coffea
odorata, Forst. prod. 1 . p. 94. ? The flowers are described
as fragrant, and smelling like cowslips.
Sweet-scented Snow-berry. Shrub.
5 C. BARBA'TA (Forst. prod. 1. p. 96. Hook, et Arn. in
Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 65. t. 14.) erect; leaves oval, acute at
the base, and tapering into the short petioles, acuminated and
obtuse at the apex ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-3-flowered;
corolla with a bearded throat, 5-cleft. Jj . S. Native of the
Society and Friendly Islands. Flowers white. Drupe size of a
filbert.
Bearded-flowered Snow-berry. Shrub.
6 C. ? JAVA'NA (Blum, bijdr. p. 968.) shrub parasitical;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, glabrous, vel-
vety and shining above ; corymbs terminal, trichotomous. Tj .
S. Native of Java, in woods on the mountains upon trees.
Coffea Javaniea, Blum. cat. hort. buit. p. 46. Perhaps a species
of Psychotria.
Java Snow-berry. Shrub parasitical.
Cult, A mixture of loam, peat, and sand is the best soil for
the species of Chiococca ; and cuttings strike root freely in sand
under a hand-glass in heat.
CLIV. M ARGA'RIS (from napyapov, margaron, a pearl ; the
berries are white and shining in M. nudiflora, and are called per-
litas, or pearls, by the Mexicans). D. C. prod. 4. p. 483. —
Descliae'a, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C. 1. c.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a globose tube,
and a somewhat turbinate semi-5-cleft limb ; teeth acutish, per-
manent. Corolla funnel-shaped, with an obconical tube, which
is 5-toothed or with 5 short lobes at the apex. Stamens 5, in-
serted in the middle of the tube ; filaments a little shorter than
the corolla ; anthers ovate. Stigma capitate, undivided or
slightly 2-lobed. Berry globose, crowned by the calyx, 2-
celled, 2-seeded. Seeds semi-ovate, acute at one end. — Shrubs,
with slender branches. Lea_ves opposite, ovate, glabrous, about
the size of those of the common myrtle. Stipulas small, soli-
tary on both sides. Pedicels axillary, opposite, short, 1-flower-
ed. Flowers white, usually secund, bibracteolate under the
calyx. Berries white.
1 M. BARBI'GERA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 483 ) leaves acute; co-
rollas bearded inside. T? . S. Native of Mexico. Descliae'a
leucocarpa, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Berries size of a
pea.
Beard-bearing Pearl-berry. Shrub.
2 M. NUDIFLORA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 483.) leaves mucronate ;
corolla glabrous inside. I? . S. Native of Mexico, about Ta-
pelpa. Chiococca axillaris, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined.
Descliac'a margaritaria, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Shrub
8 feet high. Berries ovate, globose, a little smaller than a pea,
white and shining, hence they are called perlitas by the Mexicans.
Naked-flowered Pearl-berry. Shrub 8 feet.
Cult. See Chiococca above for culture and propagation.
CLV. SALDI'NIA (meaning unknown to us). A. Rich, in
mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 206. D. C. prod. 4. p. 483. —
Morinda species, Poir.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx short,
subcampanulate, obsoletely repand. Corolla with a short tube, a
4-parted limb, and a pilose throat; lobes oblong, acute, spreading.
Stamens 4, inserted in the throat, hardly exserted ; anthers ob-
long, almost sessile. Fruit small, egg-shaped, compressed, um-
bilicated by the limb of the calyx, drupaceous, usually 1 -celled,
and 1 -seeded by abortion. Seed erect, oblong. Embryo nearly
terete, slender. Albumen fleshy. — Shrub. Leaves opposite,
elliptic, acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous on short petioles. Sti-
pulas subulate, acute. Flowers small, almost sessile, 4-5-to-
gether in the axils of the leaves.
1 S. PSEU DO-MORI'NDA (A. Rich. 1. c.) J; . S. Native of
Madagascar, Morinda axillaris, Poir. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 315.
Ronabea species, Juss.
False-Morinda Shrub.
Cult. See Chiococca above for culture and propagation.
CLVI. SCOLOSA'NTHUS (from <TKU\OC, skolos, a thorn,
and avOoe, anthos, a flower ; the peduncles are sometimes har-
dened into thorns, which sometimes, though rarely, bear the
flowers). Vahl, eel. 1. p. 11. t. 10. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 377.
A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 205. D. C. prod. 4. p.
484. — Antacanthus, L. C. Rich. mss.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a short
ovate tube, and 4 linear-lanceolate acute lobes. Corolla tubu-
lar, somewhat tetragonal before expansion ; the tube somewhat
quadrangular at the apex ; lobes 4, ovate, acute, revolute. Sta-
mens having the filaments downy and adnate to the tube at the
base ; anthers linear, not exserted. Stigmas 2, obtuse, hardly
longer than the tube. Drupe nearly globose, crowned by the
calyx, containing a 2-celled 2-seeded nucleus, ex Rich., or very
often 1-celled and 1-seeded by abortion. — West Indian shrubs,
with the habit of Catesba?a or Justicia spinbsa. Leaves small,
almost sessile, oblong or obovate, coriaceous, opposite, usually
disposed in fascicles in the axils. Stipulas small, interpetiolar.
Peduncles 1-flowered, axillary, 1-4-together, and sometimes they
are hardened into simple bifid or trifid spines, which are
usually naked, rarely floriferous. Flowers small, purple or saf^
fron coloured.
1 S. VERSI'COLOR (Vahl, eel. amer. 1. p. 11. t. 10.) leaves
obovate, shining above ; spines simple, bipartite or twin. }j . S.
Native of Santa Cruz and Porto Rico. Chomelia versicolor,
Spreng. syst. I. p. 110. Catesbse'a parviflora, Lam. ill. t. 67.
f. 2. Leaves 3 lines long. Spines commonly in pairs from each
alternate axil, combined at the base, for the most part a little
longer than the leaves, stiff, purplish, often bearing a flower at
one of the points ; they are the peduncles which have hardened,
and keep growing on after the flowers have fallen. Flowers on
short peduncles ; those from the tops of the spines solitary,
usually drooping, purple, and abortive ; others are axillary, soli-
tary, or more rarely 2-4-together, erect, saffron coloured, and
fertile. Fruit snow white.
Party-coloured-fiowered Scolosanthus. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
2 S. TRIACA'NTHUS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 484.) leaves oblong,
rather glaucescent ; spines for the most part trifid. J; . S. Na-
tive of St. Domingo, where it was collected by Bertero. Cates-
bse'a triacantha, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 416. Leaves 4-5 lines long.
Flowers and fruit not sufficiently known, but the habit is that of
Catesbcda,
Three-spined Scolosanthus. Shrub.
Cult. See Ixora, p. 574. for culture and propagation.
CLVII. CHOME LIA (named by Jacquin after J. B. Chomel,
M.D. physician to Louis XV.; author of Abrege de L'Histoire
des plantes usuelles, edition 1st, 12mo. Paris, 1712.) Jacq. amer.
p. 18. t. 13. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 375. Cham, et Schlecht. in
Linnaea. 4. p. 185. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5.
p. 182. but not of Lin. — Ixora species, Lam.
LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx with a turbinate
tube, and a permanent limb, which is 4-toothed to the middle.
Corolla salver-shaped, with a long slender tube, a glabrous
throat, and 4 spreading lobes, which are shorter than the tube.
Anthers 4, sessile, or on short filaments, inserted at the throat
of the corolla. Style bifid at the apex, situated among the
anthers. Drupe ovate, crowned, containing a 2-celled (or 1-
4D
570
RUBIACEjE. CLVII. CHOMEIIA. CLVIII. BACONIA. CLIX. IXORA.
celled from abortion) nucleus; cells 1 -seeded. Seeds pendu-
lous in the cells, oblong. — American shrubs, usually spinescent,
glabrous or downy. Leaves opposite on short petioles, stiff,
coriaceous. Stipulas short, interpetiolar. Peduncles axillary,
one or few-flowered, short. — This genus differs from Ixora in
habit and inflorescence, but more particularly in the fruit con-
taining a hard nut ; and from this it is more nearly allied to Sco-
losdnt/ius than to Ixora.
1 C. SPINO'SA (Jacq. amer. 18. t. 13.) leaves ovate, acumi-
nated, almost sessile, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, usually 3-
flowered ; lobes of calyx and corolla acute. J? . S. Native of
Carthagena, in woods ; and probably of St. Domingo. Ixora
spinosa, Lam. diet. 3. p. 344. Flowers white, fragrant at night,
1 j inch long.
Spiny Chomelia. Clt. 1793. Shrub 8 to 12 feet.
2 C. FASCICULA'TA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 238.) leaves
ovate, acute, glabrous, on short petioles ; pedicels 2-3-together,
axillary, 1 -flowered; lobes of calyx rather spatulate, unequal ;
lobes of corolla oblong. ^ . S. Native of Grenada, in hedges.
Ixora fasciculata, Swartz, prod. p. 30. Willd. spec. 1. p. 610.
Flowers white. Fruit unknown.
Fascicled-Rowered Chomelia. Clt. 1825. Shrub 5 feet.
3 C. OBTU'SA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 185.)
leaves elliptic, acutish at the base, glabrous, on short petioles ;
peduncles axillary, 1-3-flowered ; lobes of calyx and corolla ob-
tuse. I? . S. Native of the south of Brazil. Flowers white.
Blunl-cn\yxed Chomelia. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
4 C. PUBE'SCENS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 187.)
leaves ovate, acute, on short petioles, pilose on the nerves above,
and silky beneath ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered. ^ . S.
Native of Brazil within the tropic. Perhaps the same as C.
Brasiliana, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 183.
Dorvny Chomelia. Shrub.
Cult. See Ixora, p. 574. for culture and propagation.
CLVIII. BACO'NIA (in memory of Bacon, baron of Veru-
lam. Lord Bacon's speculations in natural knowledge may allow
us to claim him as a botanist). D. C. ann. mus. hist. nat.
par. 9. p. 219. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 374. A. Rich. mem. soc.
hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 184. D. C. prod. 4. p. 485. — Verulamia,
D. C. mem. mss. Poir. diet. 8. p. 543. Smith, in Ilees" cycl.
vol. 37.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a very short
tube, adnate to the ovarium at the base, and a bluntly 4-cleft
limb. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a short terete tube, a bearded
throat, and 4 oblong acute lobes, which are longer than the tube,
and twisted in aestivation. Anthers 4, linear, almost sessile,
erect, situated at the throat between the lobes, and a little
shorter than them, at length twisted spirally. Style filiform,
exserted ; stigma undivided, or hardly 2-lobed. Disk thick,
crowning the ovarium. Berry dry, 2-celled, 2-seeded. Seeds
semi-globose. Albumen cartilaginous. Embryo erect, nearly
terete. — A glabrous African shrub. Leaves opposite, petiolate,
oval, acuminated at both ends. Stipulas connate, sheathing,
short. Corymbs terminal, trichotomous. Flowers white. —
This genus is nearly allied to Ixora, but differs in the tube of
the corolla being shorter ; and to Polyozus, but differs in the
stigma being undivided.
1 B. CORYMBOSA (D. C. diss. ined. t. 1. ann. mus. 9. p. 219.)
17 . S. Native of Sierra Leone, where it was collected by
Smeathmann. Verulamia corymbosa, Poir. diet. 8. p. 543.
Ixora nitida, Schum. pi. guin. p. 77.
Var. ft, angustifolia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 485.) leaves narrower
than in the species, and more acuminated at both ends. Vj . S.
Native of Gambia and Cayor, in humid places, where it was col-
lected by Leprieur and Perrottet.
Corymbose-flowered Baconia. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
Cult. See Ixora, p. 574. for culture and propagation.
CLIX. IXO'RA (the name of a Malabar idol, to which the
flowers of some of the species are offered). Lin. gen. no. 131.
Juss. gen. p. 203. mem. mus. 6. p. 375. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p.
117. t. 25. D. C. prod. 4. p. 485. — Pavetta sect. Ixora, Blum,
bijdr. — Ixora species of Lam. and Roxb. — Pavetta species, A.
Rich.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a small 4-toothed limb (f. 106. a.). Corolla salver-
shaped (f. 106. 6.), with a slender terete tube (f. 106. d.), and a
4-parted spreading limb (f. 106. 6.) ; tube longer than the lobes.
Anthers 4, almost sessile in the throat, exserted a little. Style equal
in length to the tube of the corolla, or a little longer, but shorter
than the corolline lobes, bifid at the apex (f. 106. e.) ; lobes of
stigma diverging or revolute. Berry drupaceous, nearly globose,
crowned by the permanent calyx, 2-celled, containing 2 charta-
ceous 1 -seeded pyrense, which are flat or hollow inside, and gib-
bous on the back. Albumen cartilaginous. Embryo dorsal,
erect, incurved, with foliaceous cotyledons, and a long radicle. —
Shrubs, sometimes rising to the height of small trees, natives of
Asia, rarely of Africa. Leaves opposite. Stipulas broad at the
base, acute at the apex, or ending in a bristle-like awn. Corymbs
terminal, usually trichotomous. Flowers scarlet, rose-coloured,
flame-coloured or white, usually fragrant.
* Flowers scarlet, Jlarne-coloured, rose-coloured, or flesh-co-
loured.
1 I. GRANDIFLORA (Ker. bot. reg. t. 154.) leaves sessile, cor-
date, oblong, acute, shining ; lobes of calyx acute ; lobes of
corolla ovate-lanceolate, acute ; corymbs umbellate ; style hardly
exserted ; berry crowned by the lobes of the calyx, f? . S.
Native of the East Indies, at Tanjore ; and of China and Ceylon.
— Burm. fl. zeyl. t. 57.— Pluk. aim. t. 59. f. 2. I. coccinea,
Lin. spec. 159. exclusive of the synonymes. Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p.
385. Smith in Rees' cycl. no. 1. Pavetta coccinea, ex Blum,
bijdr. 950. An elegant shrub. Flowers scarlet, disposed in
ample corymbs. Tube of corolla almost 2 inches long.
Great-flowered Ixora. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1814. Sh. 3 to 4 feet.
2 I. BANDHU'CA (Roxb. fl.
ind. 1. p. 386.) leaves sessile,
cordate, stem-clasping, oval-ob-
long, obtuse ; corymbs coarc-
tate ; lobes of calyx acutish ;
lobes of corolla ovate, acutish ;
style exserted ; berry crowned
by the spreading calyx. fj . S.
Native of the East Indies, where
FIG. 106.
it is often celebrated by the Hin-
doo poets. Ker. bot. reg. t. 513.
Bandhuca, Jones in asiat. res. 4.
p. 250. Schetti, Rheed. mal. 2.
p. 13. t. 12. ex Ham. in Lin.
trans. 14. p. 190. I. arborea,
Lodd. bot. cab. t. 609 ? but not
of Roxb. I. obovata, Roth,
nov. spec. p. 90. ? A shrub,
with spreading branches. Flowers of a deep scarlet colour.
Tube of corolla 1 5 lines long. (f. 106.)
Bandhuca Ixora. Fl. July. Clt. 1815. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
3 I. PROPI'NQUA (R. Br. in Wall. cat. 6119.) leaves almost
sessile, ovate or oblong, cordate at the base, coriaceous, gla-
brous, mucronate or acuminated ; corymbs compound, sessile,
1
. CLIX. IXORA.
571
many flowered ; calycine teeth acute ; lobes of corolla oblong,
acuminated ; style exserted, bifid, smooth. fj . S. Native of
Madras, Ceylon, and Martaban. I. coccinea Ceylon6nsis, Roxb.
Flowers scarlet. Very nearly allied to /. Bandhuca.
Allied Ixora. Shrub.
4 I. STRI'CTA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 388.) leaves almost sessile,
lanceolate-oblong or oblong ; corymbs dense, compound ; lobes
of calyx acutish ; lobes of corolla obovate, very blunt ; stigma a
little exserted ; anthers apiculated. Jj . S. Native of China,
about Canton, Manilla, the Moluccas, and Philippines, and now
cultivated in Java. I. coccinea, Curt. bot. mag. t. 169. Schnev.
icon. t. 1. Lour. coch. p. 75. Osb. res. p. 220. but not of Lin.
1. stricta, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 10. I. flammea, Salisb. prod. p.
62. I. speciosa, Willd. enum. 1. p. 157. I. incarnata, Roxb.
ex Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 4. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3.
p. 179. exclusive of the synonymes. Pavetta stricta, Blum,
bijdr. p. 950. Flamma sylvarum peregrina, Rumph. amb.
4. t. 47. Branches straight. Flowers of an orange scarlet
colour, much crowded. Tube of corolla 9-10 lines long. Ber-
ries red.
Straight-branched Ixora. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1690. Shrub
1 to 3 feet.
5 I. CROCA'TA (Lindl. bot. reg. 782.) leaves firm, rather
coriaceous, oval-lanceolate, much attenuated ; corymbs many-
flowered, decompound, crowded, fastigiate ; teeth of calyx
ovate, acute, short ; lobes of corolla obovate-cuneated, 3 times
or more shorter than the tube ; style a little exserted, rather
hairy in the middle. Jj . S. Native of China. I. Chinensis,
Lam. diet. 3. p. 344. Flowers orange coloured. Tube of
corolla 15 lines long. The species is very nearly allied to /,
stricta ; but differs in the leaves being stiffer, and in the tube of
the corolla being twice the length.
Saffron-coloured-fiowered Ixora. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1822.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
6 I. INCARNA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 486. but not of Roxb. ex
Smith,) leaves almost sessile, oblong, obtuse and rather cordate
at the base, and bluntish at the apex ; corymbs on short pe-
duncles ; lobes of calyx acute ; lobes of corolla oval-oblong,
acute. Tj . S. Native of the Moluccas, and now cultivated in
Java. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1048. Pavetta incarnata, Blum, bijdr.
p. 950. The flowers are either pale rose-coloured, flesh-co-
loured or white ; but in the British gardens there is only the
pale red flowered variety to be found. Tube of corolla 10-11
lines long.
Flesh-coloured-fiowered Ixora. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
7 I. AMOJ^NA (Wall, cat.no. 6121.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
glabrous, petiolate ; stipulas cuspidate at the apex ; corymbs
compound, pedunculate ; lobes of calyx obtuse ; lobes of corolla
bluntish ; style and anthers exserted. Tj . S. Native of the
East Indies, at Amherst, Chappedong, Tavoy, Pulo-Penang, &c.
Flowers apparently pale, scarlet.
Pleasing Ixora. Shrub.
8 I. FU'LGENS (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 387.) leaves almost sessile,
lanceolate, acute ; corymbs terminal, compound ; lobes of calyx
cordate ; tube of corolla with a contracted mouth ; lobes of
corolla lanceolate, acute ; berry 2-lobed. ^ . S. Native of the
Moluccas. I. lanceolata, Lam. diet. 3. p. 343. I. longifolia,
Curt. bot. mag. — Rumph. amb. 4. t. 46.? and therefore
I. longifolia, Smith in Rees' cycl. no. 3. ? Branches weak.
Flowers deep scarlet. Berries deep purple. Perhaps the Bem-
Schetti, Rheed. mal. 2. t. 57. is a paler variety of this or a
nearly allied species.
Fulgent Ixora. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub 2 to 5 ft.
9 I. NOTONIA'NA (Wall. cat. no. 6132.) leaves ovate-oblong or
oblong, acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous ; panicles terminal,
with the branches corymbose and dense ; lobes of corolla obtuse ;
stigma exserted, undivided ; stipulas much acuminated. tj . S.
Natives of the East Indies, on the Nellighery mountains. Flowers
apparently red or scarlet.
Noton's Ixora. Shrub.
10 I. TENUIFLORA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 397.) leaves on short
petioles, oblong, obtuse, smooth ; panicles terminal, corymbose,
contracted ; lobes of calyx cordate, obtuse ; corolla with a long
slender tube, and oblong obtuse lobes, which are longer than the
erect style or stamens, fj . S. Native of the Moluccas. Flowers
scarlet. Allied to I.fulgens.
Slender-flowered Ixora. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
111. CONOE'STA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 397.) leaves on short
petioles, oblong, coriaceous, acuminated, with coarse parallel
veins ; corymbs terminal, short, dense ; flowers almost sessile ;
teeth of calyx bluntish ; lobes of corolla oblong, obtuse ; stigma
exserted. Jj . S. Native of the Moluccas. Flowers scarlet.
Allied to I.fulgens.
Crpntded-fiowered Ixora. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
12 I. PE'NDULA (Jack, mal. misc. no. 2. p. 11.) leaves broad-
elliptic, quite glabrous, pale beneath ; branches compressed ;
corymbs on long trichotomous peduncles, pendulous ; lobes of
calyx small, acutish ; lobes of corolla narrow ; stigma ex-
serted. 1? . S. Native of Pulo-Penang, where the most of the
Malay Ixoras are called Bunga-yarum. Flowers red.
Pendulous Ixora. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
13 I. ELONGA'TA (Heyne, ex Wall. cat. no. 6131.) leaves
petiolate, broad-ovate, tapering much to the base, glabrous ; floral
ones ovate, sessile, cordate at the base, and clasping the stem ;
peduncles terminal, trichotomous, with the branches corymbose;
corymbs hairy ; corolla with a smooth tube, but the segments
are downy on the outside, particularly in aestivation ; lobes of
corolla acute ; stigma exserted. Tj . S. Native of the East
Indies. Flowers apparently red or scarlet.
Elongated-i)e&\mc\ed Ixora. Shrub.
141. RO'SEA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 398.) leaves almost
sessile, oblong, acute, acuminated, contracted at the base and
somewhat emarginate, rather downy on the nerves beneath, as
well as the branchlets ; corymbs terminal, decompound, large,
loose ; lobes of calyx acute, rather ciliated ; lobes of corolla
oblong-cuneated, acute ; stigma exserted. Tj . S. Native of
Bengal, on the hills of Silhet. Ker, bot. reg. t. 540. Sims, bot.
mag. 2428; Lodd. bot. cab. t. 729. Flowers rose coloured.
Tube of corolla about an inch long. There is a variety of this
plant having the leaves glabrous beneath.
Tfose-coloured-flowered Ixora. Fl. July. Clt. 1819. Shrub
2 to 4 feet.
15 I. PARVIFLORA (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 11. t. 52. but not of
Lam.) leaves on short petioles, coriaceous, lanceolate-oblong,
obtuse, cordate at the base, glabrous ; stipulas triangular, acute ;
corymbs panicled, terminal ; teeth of calyx short, bluntish ;
lobes of corolla oblong, 3 times shorter than the tube ; stigma a
little exserted. ^ • S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers
scarlet.
Small-flowered Ixora. Shrub.
16 I. AMBOINICA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 487.) leaves on short
petioles, ovate-oblong, acuminated, undulated, glabrous ; corymbs
compound, trichotomous, divaricate ; lobes of calyx and corolla
acute. Tj . S. Native of Amboyna. Pavetta Amboinica,
Blum, bijdr. p. 949. Leaves larger than any other of the
genus.
Amboyna Ixora. Shrub 4 feet.
17 I. ERUBE'SCENS (Wall. cat. no. 6143.) leaves oblong, blunt
at both ends, glabrous, on short petioles : upper ones sessile ;
corymbs downy ; lobes of corolla linear ; stigma exserted. Jj .
S. Native of the Burmese empire, on the banks of the Atram.
Flowers reddish. I. afFinis, Wall. cat. no. 6144. does not ap-
4 D 2
572
RUBIACEjE. CLIX. IXORA.
pear to differ from this species, except in the more acuminated
leaves.
Reddish-fiov/ered Ixora. Shrub.
181. JAVA'NICA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 487.) leaves on short pe-
tioles, ovate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; corymbs on long
peduncles, trichotomous, divaricate ; segments of the calyx ob-
tuse, of the corolla oval and rounded, fj . S. Native of Java,
on the mountains in woods. Pavetta Javanica, Blum, bijdr. p.
949. Flowers of a deep vermilion colour. Habit of /. cocc'mea
and /. incarnata.
Java Ixora. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
19 I. PAUCIFLORA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves on short petioles, ob-
long, acuminated, acute at the base, glabrous ; cymes on short
peduncles, tripartite, few-flowered ; teeth of calyx acute ; lobes
of corolla oval, acutish. Tj . S. Native of the west of Java,
on Mount Pangarangha, in woods. Pavetta pauciflora, Blum.
Flowers of a vermilion colour. Allied to /. Javanica, but differs
in the cymes being fewer-flowered, and on shorter peduncles ;
and in the teeth of the calyx being acute.
Few-flowered Ixora. Shrub.
20 I. SALiciF6i.iA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 487.) leaves on short
petioles, linear-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; corymbs brac-
teate; calycine segments acute ; segments of corolla lanceolate,
acuminated. ^ . S. Native of Java, on the mountains. Pa-
vetta salicifolia, Blum, bijdr. p. 951.. Flowers scarlet. A very
beautiful species. Leaves 9-10 inches long, and 6 lines broad.
Willow-leaved Ixora. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
21 I. FINLAYSONIA'NA (Wall. cat. no. 6166.) leaves obovate-
lanceolate, glabrous, tapering much to the base, obtuse, and
mucronate at the apex, petiolate ; corymbs terminal, compound ;
lobes of calyx membranous ; lobes of corolla obtuse ; stigma
exserted. ij . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers appa-
rently red.
Finlayson's Ixora. Shrub.
* * Flowers white.
22 I. BLA'NDA (Ker. bot. reg. t. 1 00.) leaves oval or ovate-
lanceolate, almost sessile ; cymes trichotomous, compound, con-
tracted, many-flowered ; teeth of calyx short, bluntish ; lobes
of corolla obovate, reflexed ; style a little exserted. fj . S.
Native of the East Indies. I. alba, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 389.
but not of Lin. Nearly allied to /. stricla, but differs in the
corolla being white. Peduncles and calyxes red. Stigma ex-
serted, but shorter than the lobes of the corolla. Tube of co-
rolla 10 lines long. Flowers at first white, but becoming yellow
as they fade. Stipulas broad at the base, and ending in an awn.
Zf/ond-flowered Ixora. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1768. Sh. 3 to 4 ft.
23 I. MACROPHY'LLA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 487.) glabrous; leaves cuneate-obovate, or oblong-obo-
vate, acute, on short petioles ; peduncles elongated, bracteolate
at the base, and trichotomously corymbose at the apex ; teeth
of calj x acute, hardly perspicuous ; stigma exserted, with revo-
lute lobes ; fruit nearly globose. I; . S. Native of the Island
of Manilla. Allied to /. cuneijblia. Flowers blackish in the
dried state, but probably white in the recent state.
Large-leaved Ixora. Shrub.
24 I. SUBSE'SSILIS (Wall. cat. no. 6139.) leaves oblong, ta-
pering to both ends, petiolate, glabrous ; corymbs almost sessile,
dense ; lobes of calyx subulate ; lobes of corolla acute ; stigma
exserted, 17 . S. Native of Silhet, on the mountains. Stipu-
las subulate at the apex. Flowers apparently white.
Almost-sessile-coiymbed Ixora. Shrub.
25 I. CUNEIFOLIA (Roxb. fl. irtd. 1. p. 390.) leaves broad-
cuneated, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ;
corymbs terminal, on long peduncles, panic-led ; flowers crowded;
lobes of calyx oblong, conical ; lobes of corolla oblong, obtuse;
stigma exserted. f? . S. Native of the East Indies, about
Dacca and Serampore. Ker. bot. reg. 648. Lodd. bot. cab.
t. 1215. Corolla white, with the tube about 6-7 lines long.
Berries turbinate, red. Down very minute on the peduncles,
branchlets, and usually on the nerves of the leaves underneath.
Wedge-leaved Ixora. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1822. Sh. 2 to 4 ft.
26 I. BARBAVTA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 394.) leaves oblong,
on short petioles, shining : upper ones almost sessile, and roundly
cordate at the base ; panicle spreading, loose, sub-corymbose ;
lobes of calyx acutish ; lobes of corolla oblong, bearded with
long white hairs at the throat ; stigma exserted. ^ • S. Native
of the East Indies. Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 6. Sims, bot.
mag. 2505. Bern. — Schetti, Rheed. mal. 2. t. 13. ? Flowers
white. Stigma, according to Roxb. almost at the throat, but in
the specimens examined it is exserted. Berries red.
Bearded Ixora. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Sh. 8 to 12 ft.
27 I. OXYPHY'LLA (Wall. cat. no. 6159.) leaves elliptic-lan-
ceolate, long-acuminated, glabrous, on short petioles ; stipulas
subulate at the apex ; lobes of calyx subulate ; stigma exserted.
1? . S. Native of Silhet, on the mountains. Flowers appa-
rently white.
Sharp-leaved Ixora. Shrub.
28 I. UNDULA'TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 395.) leaves broad-
lanceolate, acuminated, undulated, glabrous ; panicle terminal,
compound, having its branches corymbose at the apex ; lobes
of calyx acute ; segments of corolla linear, bluntish ; stigma ex-
serted ; berry transversely oval, somewhat didymous. Ij . S.
Native of Bengal, in woods. Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 7. Roth,
nov. spec. p. 91. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 190. Lindl.
hort. trans. 7. p. 50. Ixora Cania. Ham. ex Wall. cat.
no. 6130. Flowers white. Tube of corolla, 5 lines long; lobes
reflexed.
Waved-leaved. Ixora. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
29 I. SPECTA'BILIS (Wall. cat. no. 61 33.) leaves broad, elliptic-
lanceolate, petiolate, glabrous : upper ones oblong, cordate at
the base and stem clasping ; peduncles elongated, trichotomous,
having the branches corymbose ; teeth of calyx small, acute ;
lobes of corolla narrow. Jj S. Native of the Burmese Em-
pire, near Martaban. Flowers apparently white.
Shomy Ixora. Shrub.
30 I. LANCEOLA'RIA (Colebr. in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 397.)
leaves approximate, very long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated,
on short petioles, glabrous ; corymbs terminal, almost sessile,
small ; bracteoles coloured ; corolla with a filiform tube, and
linear-oblong lobes ; anthers linear, bifid at the base ; style ex-
serted. fj . S. Native of the East Indies, in Travancore.
Branches twiggy, pendulous, somewhat dichotomous. Stipulas
subulate at the apex, rather longer than the petioles. Corolla
white, having the tube 9 lines long. Berries red, globose.
Zanceofar-leaved Ixora. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
31 I. LEUCA'NTHA (Wall. cat. no. 6148.) leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, acuminated on short petioles ; peduncles and corymbs
downy ; stipulas subulate at the apex ; lobes of calyx, and
bracteas subulate ; lobes of corolla long and narrow ; stigma
much exserted ; corymbs loose, (j . S. Native of the East
Indies, near Travancore. Flowers white.
White-flowered Ixora. Shrub.
32 I. ARBOREA (Roxb. mss. ex Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 5. but
not of Lodd.) leaves elliptic-oblong, obtuse, on short petioles, ra-
ther undulated, smooth ; corymbs trichotomous, divaricate, sessile,
many-flowered; teeth of calyx acutish ; lobes of corolla oblong,
obtuse, one-half shorter than the tube ; stigma hardly exserted.
1? . S. Native of the East Indies. I. Pavetta, Andr. bot. rep.
t. 78. Pers. ench. 1. p. 130. but not of Roxb. Corolla white,
5 lines long. Stigmas 2, thickish, greenish at the throat.
Arboreous Ixora. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub 4 to 12
I feet.
33 I. BRACHY'PODA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 488.) glabrous leaves,
on very short petioles, elliptic-oblong, bluntly acuminated ; sti-
pulas intrapetiolar, combined, truncate, and mucronated on
both sides ; corymbs terminal, pedunculate, shorter than the
leaves ; limb of calyx very short, bluntly 5-toothed. I? . S.
Native of equinoctial Africa, in the woods of Casamancia, where
it was collected by Leprieur and Perrottet. Leaves 6 inches
long, and 2 broad, and the petioles about 2 lines long. Tube of
corolla, almost an inch long. Bracteas small. Flowers pale in
the dried specimens, but are probably white in the recent
state.
Short-petioled Ixora. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
34 I. ACUMINA'TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 393.) leaves petiolate,
broad-lanceolate, acuminated, smooth, glaucous : floral leaves
stern-clasping, and broader ; corymbs supra-decompound, crowd-
ed, almost sessile ; lobes of calyx ensiform ; lobes of corolla ovate-
oblong, obtuse ; stigma exserted, undivided, f? . S. Native of
the East Indies, in the province of Silhet, in woods. Flowers
large, white, with the tube 1^ inch long. Calyxes white.
Acuminated-leaved Ixora. Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
35 I. SIAME'NSIS (Wall. cat. no. 6162.) leaves ovate-oblong,
mucronate, cordate at the base : upper ones attenuated at both
ends ; corymbs terminal ; lobes of corolla acute ; stigma ex-
serted. Tj . S. Native of Siam, in the East Indies. Flowers
white ?
Siam Ixora. Shrub.
36 I. OPAVCA (R. Br. in Wall. cat. no. 6141.) leaves long-lan-
ceolate, acuminated, petiolate, glabrous ; corymbs downy ; teeth
of calyx small ; lobes of corolla obtuse ; stigma exserted. fj . S.
Native of Pulo-Penang. Flowers apparently white.
Opaque-leaved Ixora. Shrub.
37 1. BRACHIAVTA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 39 1.) leaves on short
petioles, broad-lanceolate, obtuse, glabrous ; panicle brachiate,
with remote diverging corymbose branches ; tube of corolla fili-
form, and the lobes are obovate and emarginate ; anthers sessile
at the throat ; stigma exserted. Tj . S. Native of Bengal, in
woods. Flowers small, white. Nearly allied to I. parviflora,
Vahl, but differs in the flowers being white. Berries deep
purple, rather larger than peas. Petioles about half an inch long.
Brachiate-panlcled Ixora. Clt. 1823. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
38 I. DEcipiENs (D. C. prod. 4. p. 488.) glabrous; leaves on
short petioles, oblong-lanceolate, acutish at the base, acute or
obcordate at the apex ; stipulas broad at the base, and ending in
a subulate awn at the apex ; corymbs terminal, tripartite at
the base, sessile, with panicled branches ; lobes of calyx
short, bluntish ; corolla with a slender tube, and oval, bluntish
lobes ; style pilose. Fj . S. Native of Coromandel, on the
mountains. I. parviflora, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 393. but not of
Vahl, nor Lam. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Tube of
the corolla 4 lines long, twice the length of the lobes. Berries
roundish, black.
Deceiving Ixora. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1806. Tree 20 feet.
39 I. BRUNONIS (Wall. cat. no. 6136.) leaves obovate-lanceo-
late, sessile, cordate at the base, acuminated at the apex, downy
beneath, but villous on the nerves ; peduncles and corymbs vil-
lous, as well as the calyxes and corollas outside ; bracteas and
teeth of calyx subulate ; lobes of the corolla narrow, acute ;
stigma exserted. F; . S. Native of Pulo-Penang. Flowers
apparently white. Allied to 7. villosa.
Brown's Ixora. Shrub.
40 I. VILLOSA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 392.) leaves broad-cuneated-
lanceolate, acuminated, villous beneath, on short petioles ; co-
rymbs trichotomous, or 6 to 7 times divided, with the branches
trichotomous and villous; lobes of calyx oblong, ciliated;
CLIX. IXORA.
573
corolla with a very long slender tube, and oblong obtuse lobes.
Ij . S. Native of the East Indies, in Silhet. Flowers white,
fragrant. Stipulas and branches villous.
Villous Ixora. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
41 PUBIFLORA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 489.) leaves sessile, obovate-
oblong, cuneated, and somewhat cordate at the base, acuminated
at the apex, downy on the nerves on both surfaces, as well as
the branchlets, corymbs, and corollas ; stipulas long, subulate at
the apex ; corymbs terminal, dense, sessile ; teeth of calyx and
alabastra, very acute. fj . S. Native of the East Indies. A
very distinct species. Leaves 8 inches long and 3 broad. Corolla
having the tube about 9 to 10 lines long, and the lobes linear
and acute, about 3 lines long.
Dorvny-Jlorvered Ixora. Shrub.
42 I. LONGIFOLIA ; leaves broad, elliptic-lanceolate, tapering
to both ends, glabrous above, and villous beneath, particularly on
the nerves, as well as the branches, petioles, peduncles, panicles
and fruit ; segments of the calyx subulate. J? . S. Native of
Pulo-Penang. I. macrophylla, R. Br. in Wall. cat. no. 6165.
Long-leaved Ixora. Shrub.
•f Species not sufficiently known.
43 I. A'LBA (Lin. spec. 160. but not of Roxb.) leaves ovate-
lanceolate : flowers fasciculate. Jj . S. Native of the East In-
dies, b"ut is a very obscure species, and probably fictitious ; the
description taken from the figure in Pluk. aim. t. 109. f. 2. and
Bern. — Schetti Rheed, mal. 2. t. 14. Plukenet's plant belongato
/. incarnata, and Rheede's probably to 7. fulgens. The flowers
are said to be terminating in small clusters, white, and without
scent.
White-finwered Ixora. Shrub 6 to 7 feet.
44 I. LOUREIRI ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, smooth, nearly
sessile ; cymes or corymbs fasciculate. f? . G. Native of
Cochin China. I. alba, Lour. coch. 76. Flowers white. Ber-
ries red.
Loureiro's Ixora. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
45 1. MONTA'NA (Lour. coch. p. 76.) leaves oblong, broadest
at the apex, obtuse, cuneated and cordate at the base, nearly
sessile, glabrous ; corymbs termina!, fastigiate. T? . G. Native
of Cochin China, on the mountains. Flowers scarlet.
Mountain Ixora. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
46 I. NOVEMNE'RviA(Lour. coch. p. 76.) climbing; leaves ovate-
lanceolate, almost sessile, 9-nerved, rough ; cymes terminal,
hemispherical. >j . w. G. Native of Cochin China, in unculti-
vated places. Flowers white, terminating in hemispherical cymes.
Tube of the corolla very long and slender. Stigma ovate, bifid.
Berry 1 -seeded.
Nine-nerved-\eaved Ixora. Shrub cl.
47 1. 1 VIOLAVCEA (Lour. coch. p. 76.) climbing ; leaves lan-
ceolate, almost sessile, pilose, 9-nerved ; cymes axillary, fj . G.
Native of Cochin China, in uncultivated places, climbing over
trees. Flowers violaceous. Berry 1 -seeded. Seed ovate,
rough.
Violaceous-flowered Ixora. Shrub cl.
48 I. THYRSIFLORA (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 208.) leaves almost ses-
sile, ovate-cuneated, obtuse, glabrous on both surfaces, hoary
beneath ; stipulas ovate, acute ; thyrse terminal, crowded ; teeth
of calyx acute, somewhat setaceous ; corolla with a slender tube,
and oval obtuse lobes, which are shorter than the tube. Jj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Thyrse-florvered Ixora. Shrub.
49 I. LAXIFLORA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. vol. 19. no. 8.) leaves
elliptic-oblong, acute, tapering into the petioles at the base :
upper ones rounded at the base, almost sessile ; panicles corym-
bose, loose, longer than the leaves ; lobes of the corolla convex,
spreading, bearded in the disk above : style nearly the length of
574
RUBIACE.E. CLIX. IXORA. CLX. PAVETTA.
the limb. T; . S. Native of Sierra Leone. This plant does
not probably belong to die genus.
Loose-Jlomered Ixora. Shrub.
N.B. C. multiflora (Swartz, prod. 30. fl. ind. occ. p. 240.)
should be excluded from the order altogether, from the leaves
being alternate, and crowded into fascicles ; in the want of sti-
pulas ; in the flowers rising from the same bud as the fascicles of
leaves ; in the tube of the corolla being funnel-shaped, and in
the stamens being inserted in the receptacle.
Cult. Most of the species of this genus are truly beautiful
when in blossom, and are therefore worth cultivating in every
collection. They require to be kept in a moist heat, but the
pots should never be plunged in tan. A mixture of turfy loam,
turfy peat, and sand in equal portions, is the best soil for them ;
and cuttings strike root readily if planted in sand or even mould,
placed in heat, with a hand-glass over them.
CLX. PAVE'TTA (the vernacular name of P. 1'ndica in
Malabar). Lin. gen. no. 132. Juss. gen. p. 203. mem. mus. 6.
p. 375. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 116. t. 25. D. C. prod. 4. p. 490.
— Pav£ttae verse, Blum, bijdr. p. 951. — Ixora species of Lam.
and Roxb. — Pavetta species, A. Rich. — Pavate, Ray.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. All as in Ixora, b..t
differs from that genus in the style being much exserted beyond
the mouth of the tube of the corolla, even exceeding the seg-
ments of its limb, clavate at the apex, nearly entire, or the lobes
of the stigma are so close as scarcely to be distinguished.
Flowers white. — All the species are either natives of Africa or
Asia.
* Asiatic species, especially from India and Arabia,
1 P. I'NDICA (Lin. spec. 160.) leaves oval-oblong, acumi-
nated at both ends, petiolate ; stipulas broad, acute, somewhat
concrete ; panicle terminal, subcorymbose, with opposite
branches ; teeth of calyx acute ; lobes of corolla one-half shorter
than the tube ; style very long. Jj . S. Native of the East
Indies, frequent in hedges, and among bushes. Gaertn. fr. 1 . t.
25. P. alba, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 11. ? Ix6ra paniculata, Lam.
diet. 3. p. 344. Ixora Pavetta, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 395. Pavetta
polyantha. Wall. cat. no. 6176. Pavetta, Rheed. mal. 5. p. 10.
-^Burm. ind. t. 13. f. 3. Pavate, Raii, hist. 1581. Flowers
white. There are varieties of this species with either glabrous
branches and leaves, or the branches and under surfaces of the
leaves are downy.
Indian Pavetta. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1791. Sh. 3 to 4 feet.
2 P. ARENOSA (Lour. coch. p. 73.) branches brachiate ;
leaves lanceolate, tubercular, shining ; flowers terminal, fasti-
giate ; calyx baccate, 5-toothed ; corolla salver-shaped, 5-cleft ;
anthers 4, sessile at the throat; berry ovate, 1 -seeded. T? . G.
Native of China, about Canton. P. I'ndica, Ker, hot. reg. 190.
The leaves appear as if they were sprinkled over with sand,
hence the Chinese name of the shrub Tasa or sand plant.
Flowers white.
<Sa»ufy-leaved Pavetta. Fl. March, Oct. Clt. 1799. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
3 P. TOMENTO'SA (Roxb. ex Smith in Rees' cycl. vol. 26. but
not of Rich.) leaves petiolate, oblong, villous on both surfaces,
but particularly beneath ; panicles terminal, broad, tomentose,
with trifid branches. tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Ixora
tomentosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 396. Pavetta tomentosa, Roth,
nov. spec. p. 89. Pavetta velutina, Wall. cat. no. 6174.
Flowers numerous, white, fragrant. Style twice the length of
the tube of the corolla ; stigma clavate, undivided. Berry
globose.
Tomentose Pavetta. Shrub.
4 P. MONTA'NA (Reinw. in Blum, bijdr. p. 952.) leaves on
long petioles, oblong-lanceolate, much acuminated at both ends,
downy, as well as the corymbs, which are terminal, trichotomous,
and brachiate ; calycine teeth acute ; segments of corolla acutish.
Tj . S. Native of Java, in woods on the mountains. Very nearly
allied to P. I'ndica. Flowers white, having the segments tipped
with green.
Mountain Pavetta. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
5 P. ODORA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 952.) arboreous ; leaves on
short petioles, oblong, acute at both ends, but usually bluntish
at the apex, coriaceous, glabrous ; corymbs terminal, trichoto-
mous, divaricate, downy ; limb of calyx bluntly toothed ; seg-
ments of corolla obtuse. fj . S. Native of Java, on the moun-
tains in woods. Flowers white, very sweet scented.
Sneet-scented-Qon-ered Pavetta. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
6 P. MACROPHY'LLA (Blum, bijdr. p. 953.) leaves on short
petioles, oblong, very blunt, attenuated at the base, coriaceous,
glabrous ; corymbs axillary and terminal, downy, trichotomously
fastigiate ; segments of calyx and corolla blunt. Tj . S. Native
of Java, in mountain woods. Flowers white.
Long-leaved Pavetta. Shrub 4 to 5 feeU
7 P. RETICULA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 953.) leaves oblong, acu-
minated at both ends, coriaceous, glabrous, reticulated beneath ;
corymbs terminal, trichotomous, loose, on long peduncles ; seg-
ments of calyx acute ; segments of corolla lanceolate, acumi-
nated. Tj. S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak. Flowers
white. Stem 4 feet high. Young branches compressed. Fruit
didymously globose.
Reticulated-leaved Pavetta. Shrub 4 feet.
8 P. LO'NGIPES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 490.) leaves oval-oblong,
acuminated, petiolate, glabrous ; stipulas short, acuminated ;
peduncles terminal, longer than the leaves, corymbose at the
apex, few-flowered ; fruit ovate, didymous, naked at the apex.
1? . S. Native of the island of Timor. Upper leaves 4-5 inches
long, 1^ to 2 broad. Peduncles slender, 6 inches long. Corolla
with a slender tube, and 4 oblong spreadingly reflexed lobes.
Anthers linear. Style a little exserted ; stigma thick, bipar-
tite.
Long-peduncled Pavetta. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
9 P. PALUDO'SA (Blum, bijdr. p. 954.) leaves on short pe-
tioles, oblong, bluntish, membranous, glabrous : the upper ones
oblong-cordate, sessile ; corymbs terminal, on long peduncles,
trichotomous, coloured ; teeth of calyx obtuse ; segments of
corolla oblong, acute. Ij . S. Native about Batavia, in marshes.
Flowers white. Allied to Ixora barbata.
Marsh Pavetta. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
10 P. SYLVA'TICA (Blum, bijdr. p. 953.) leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, acuminated at both ends, membranous, glabrous, downy
in the axils of the veins beneath ; corymbs terminal, peduncu-
late, loosely trichotomous; limb of calyx obsoletely denticu-
lated ; segments of corolla oblong, obtuse. J? . S. Native of
Java, in woods on the Seribu mountains. Flowers small, white.
Wood Pavetta. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
IIP. BREVIFLO'RA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 491.) leaves oval,
acute, acuminated at the base, on short petioles, rather membra-
nous, glabrous ; panicle corymbose, many-flowered, with oppo-
site branches and branchlets, and are as well as the flowers gla-
brous ; tube of corolla hardly longer than the lobes. (j . S.
Native of the East Indies, on the Nellighery mountains, where
it was collected by Leschenault. Tube of corolla 3 lines long.
Style 4 lines long, clavate at the apex. Stipulas broad, rather
membranous. Plant becoming blackish on drying.
Short-flowered Pavetta. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
12 P. ROTHIA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 491.) branchlets and
calyxes clothed with hoary villi ; leaves elliptic, petiolate, rather
hairy, but while young clothed with hoary tomentum ; stipulas
RUBIACE^E. CLX. PAVETTA.
575
triangular, glabrous inside ; flowers disposed in panicled co-
rymbs, bearded ; corolla with a long terete tube, which is beard-
ed at the throat, and oblong obtuse lobes ; style setaceous,
glabrous. Fj . S. Native of the East Indies. P. villosa, Roth,
nov. spec. p. 88. but not of Vahl.
Roth's Pavetta. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
13 P. NAUCLE^FLO'RA (R.Br. in Wall. cat. no. 6171.) villous in
every part ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated ; corymbs
terminal ; teeth of calyx short, acute ; lobes of corolla obtuse,
fj . S. Native of Pulo Penang. Fruit round.
Nauclea-Jlowered Pavetta. Shrub.
14 P. BRUNdNis (Wall. cat. no. 6172.) soft and villous all
over ; leaves obovate ; stipulas and bracteas broad, membranous ;
peduncles trichotomous, having the branches dense and corym-
bose ; lobes of calyx subulate. fj . S. Native of the East
Indies, on the Nellighery mountains. Pavetta mollis, Wall. cat.
no. 6179. Leaves smoothish above in the adult state.
Brown's Pavetta. Shrub.
15 P. WEBERJEFOLIA (Wall. cat. no. 6182.) leaves broad-
lanceolate, glabrous, tapering to both ends ; corymbs downy ;
fruit spherical. Jj . S. Native of Pulo-Penang and Chitta-
gong.
Webera-leaved Pavetta. Shrub.
16 P. SUMATRE'NSIS (Roth, nov. spec. p. 88. and in Rcem. et
Schultes, syst. 3. p. 176.) leaves petiolate, oblong-elliptic, gla-
brous, strigose on the ribs beneath ; corymbs trichotomous ;
flowers pentandrous, clothed with white tomentum ; corolla with
a filiform tube, and oblong obtuse lobes ; style much exserted ;
stigma oblong, glabrous. ^ . S. Native of Sumatra. Flowers
white.
Sumatra Pavetta. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
17 P. LONGIFI.6RA (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 12.) leaves lanceolate-
elliptic, and are as well as the branches glabrous ; stipulas pilose
inside ; flowers disposed in fascicles ; teeth of calyx rather long,
acute. I? . S. Native of Arabia Felix. Ixora occidentalis,
Forsk. cat. p. cv. Ixora longiflora, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 208.
Flowers white. Berries black. Corolla an inch and a half in
diameter.
Var. ft, Javana (D. C. prod. 4. p. 491.) leaves on short pe-
tioles, oblong, acute at both ends, coriaceous ; corymbs termi-
nal, fastigiate, trichotomous, downy ; tube of corolla very long ;
lobes of calyx and corolla acute, fj . S. Native of Java, in
woods on the mountains. Pavetta longiflora, Blum, bijdr. p. 952.
Long-flowered Pavetta. Shrub.
18 P. VILLOSA (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 12.) branches and calyxes
villous, hoary ; leaves on short petioles, elliptic-lanceolate,
clothed with canescent villi while young ; flowers in fascicles,
fj . G. Native of Arabia Felix. Ixora villosa, Poir. suppl. 3.
p. 208. Leaves smooth on the upper surface in the adult state.
Branches 4-cornered. Flowers white. Stipulas, style, and
stigma as in P. I'ndica,
Villous Pavetta. Shrub.
* * African species.
19 P. OWARIE'NSIS (Beauv. fl. d'ow. 1. p. 87. t. 52.) leaves on
long petioles, ovate-oblong, attenuated at both ends, membra-
nous, glabrous; corymbs terminal ; lobes of calyx oval, acutish;
lobes of corolla linear, obtuse, almost the length of the tube ;
style twice as long as the tube, clavate at the apex. Pj . S. Na-
tive of the west coast of Africa, between Waree and Buonopozo.
Ixora Owariensis, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 207. Flowers white.
Throat of corolla very villous. Stipulas short, stem-clasping,
apiculated by a short point at the apex.
Waree Pavetta. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
20 P. CA'FFRA (Thunb. prod. p. 29. fl. cap. 1. p. 535.) leaves
obovate, almost sessile, glabrous ; stipulas membranous, connate ;
flowers subumbellate ; teeth of calyx setaceous ; lobes of corolla
oblong, acute, shorter than the tube. Tj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope, in the woods of Krakokamma. Ix6ra Caft'ra,
Poir. suppl. 3. p. 209. Pavetta corymbdsa, Houtt. ed. 1. p. 11.
t. 40. and Crinha Capensis, Houtt. pfl. syst. 5. p. 357. t. 40. f.
1. ex Thunb. and Rcem. syst. 3. p. 175. Ixora alba, Burm.
herb. Pav. thyrsiflora, Thunb. herb. Corymbs of flowers
terminating in shorter branches. Flowers white. Style much
exserted, clavate at the apex. This is a beautiful shrub when
in flower.
Caffrarian Pavetta. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub 3
to 4 feet.
21 P. PARVIFLORA (Afz. rem. guin. p. 47.) leaves oblong,
attenuated at both ends ; stipulas acute ; peduncles dichoto-
mously umbellate ; calyxes and corollas villous. fj . S. Native
of Guiana. Flowers white*
Small-flowered Pavetta. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
22 P. ? SMEATHMA'NNI (D. C. prod. 4. p. 492.) leaves oval,
short-acuminated, coriaceous, smooth, on short petioles ; co-
rymbs axillary, on short peduncles ; teeth of calyx oblong, cili-
ated ; corolla with a terete tube, and the limb globose before ex-
pansion. Tj • S. Native of Sierra Leone. Pavetta parviflora,
Smeathm. herb. Perhaps this plant belongs to a different genus.
Smeathmann's Pavetta. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
23 P. SUBGLA'BRA (Schum. pi. guin. p. 78.) branches terete,
nearly glabrous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, rather ciliated at the
base ; petioles rather hairy ; stipulas ciliated on the inside, ovate,
mucronate ; corymbs festigiate, terminal ; lobes of calyx lan-
ceolate, acute. *2 . S. Native of Guinea. Flowers white.
Stigma globose.
Nearly-glabrous Pavetta. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
•24 P. GENIP-EFOLIA (Schum. pi. guin. p. 78.) branches terete,
downy ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, shining, glabrous,
downy beneath and on the petioles ; stipulas setaceously acumi-
nated ; corymbs terminal, globose; peduncles and calyxes hairy.
fy • S. Native of Guinea. Flowers white.
Genipa-leaved Pavetta. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
25 P. LATERIFLORA ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous,
acuminated, almost sessile, disposed in 2 rows ; peduncles axil-
lary, subcorymbose. Ij . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Flowers
white. Berry roundish, containing a 1-seeded nut. Cotyledons
long, twisted. Perhaps the same as P. Smeathmdnni.
Side-flowered Pavetta. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
26 P. CANE'SCENS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 492.) branchlets clothed
with white hairs ; leaves elliptic, attenuated at the base, on short
petioles, reticulately veined, downy above, and clothed with
canescent villi beneath ; corymbs lateral, many-flowered, almost
sessile ; pedicels and calyxes hairy ; corolla with a downy tube,
and a glabrous limb ; style much exserted, rather clavate at the
apex. lj . S. Native of the South Western Coast of Africa, in
Angola. Pavetta tomentosa, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par.
5. p. 181. but not of Roxb. Flowers white.
Canescent Pavetta. Shrub.
* * * Species natives of Madagascar.
27 P. ? ANTHOPHY'LLA (A. Rich, in mem. soc. hist. nat.
par. 5. p. 181.) quite glabrous ; leaves short, oval, acute, rather
fleshy ; stipulas broad, short, acuminated, permanent ; flowers
cymose, terminal, pentamerous ; one of the calycine lobes is drawn
out into a leaf; anthers inclosed ; style much exserted. Ij . S.
Native of Madagascar. Perhaps a proper genus.
Leaf-flowered Pavetta. Shrub.
28 P. CINE'REA (A. Rich. 1. c.) shrub clothed with grey to-
mentum ; leaves rather oval, acute, gradually narrowed at the
base, clothed with cinereous tomentum, especially beneath ; sti-
pulas connate, lanceolate, permanent ; cymes terminal, peduncu-
576
RUBIACE^E. CLX. PAVETTA. CLXI. SAPROSMA. CLXII. COUSSAREA.
S. Native of Mada-
late, branched ; flowers tomentose.
gascar.
Cinereous Pavetta. Shrub.
29 P. GRA'CILIS (A. Rich. 1. c.) quite glabrous; leaves elliptic-
oblong, very acute, almost sessile ; stipulas connate, narrow-
lanceolate ; cymes few-flowered, terminal ; flowers very long,
slender ; stamens exserted ; style hardly exserted beyond the
tube. 1? . S. Native of Madagascar. Perhaps a proper genus.
/S7em/er-flowered Pavetta. Shrub.
* * * * Species natives of the South Sea Islands.
30 P. OPULINA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 492.) leaves ovate-lanceo-
late ; corymbs coarctate, globose, terminal. Jj . S. Native of
New Caledonia. CofFea Opulina, Forst. prod. 1. no. 93.
Chiococca Opulina, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 756. Ixora species, A.
Rich. Bracteas roundish, scarious. Pedicels rather hispid.
Lobes of the corolla 4, linear, revolute, obtuse. Style simple,
clavate, twice longer than the corolla. Flowers white.
GWrfer-rose-like Pavetta. Shrub.
31 P. SAMBUVCINA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 492.) leaves oblong-
lanceolate, acute, glabrous ; cymes corymbose, terminal. ^ . S.
Native of the Friendly Islands. Coffea Sambucina, Forst.
prod. 1. no. 92. Branchlets tetragonal. Leaves a span long.
Branches of the panicle verticillate. Lobes of the corolla 5,
spreading, bluntish. Style simple, clavate, much longer than
the stamens, ex Spreng. pug. 1. p. 16. Chiococca sambucina,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 756. Ixora species, ex A. Rich. Flowers
white.
Elder-\\ke Pavetta. Shrub.
32 P. TRIFLORA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 492.) leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, acuminated ; peduncles terminal, by threes, 3-flowered.
Jj. S. Native of Otaheite. Chiococca triflora, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 756. Coffea triflora, Forst. prod. 1. no. 95. Flowers
white.
Three-flowered Pavetta. Shrub.
•f- Species not sufficiently known.
33 P. A.NGUSTIFOLIA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 175.)
leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends ; cymes termi-
nal, trichotomous, subumbellate ; teeth of calyx acute ; corolla
with a slender tube, and oblong acute lobes. (7 . S. Native of
the East Indies. Pavetta I'ndica, Burm. fl. ind. p. 35. t. 13. f.
3. exclusive of the synonymes. Ixora angustifolia, Lam. diet.
3. p. 45. Flowers white. Stigma nearly entire as in Pavelta,
and about equal in length to the lobes of the corolla, as in Ixora.
Narrow-leaved Pavetta. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
34 P. AMPLEXICAU'LIS (Pers. ench. 1. p. 131.) glabrous;
leaves stem-clasping, oval ; segments of corolla acute, lanceo-
lale. fj . S. Native of the East Indies ; and is often mixed
with P. I'ndica according to Persoon.
Stem-clasping-]ea\eA Pavetta. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
35 P. ? PARASI'TICA (Lour. coch. p. 73.) stem parasitical,
much branched ; leaves verticillate, ovate, tomentose ; clusters
of flowers axillary ; calyx tetragonal, truncate, villous ; corolla
witli a long tube, and 4 oblong inflexed lobes ; style equal in
length to the corolla; berry 1 -seeded. Tj . G. Native of
Cochin-china, in gardens, growing upon trees. Flowers small,
dusky yellow. This plant should probably be removed from the
genus.
Parasitical Pavetta. Shrub 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Ixora, p. 574.
CLXI. SAPRO'SMA (from <rairpoe, sapros, rancid, and
oafir),osme, a smell; the wood and berries are very fetid). Blum.
bijdr. p. 956. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 178.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 493.— Bruchia, Schwagr.
LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an oval tube,
and a small 4-toothed permanent limb. Corolla 4-cleft, with a
hairy throat. Stamens 4, inserted in the throat of the corolla ;
filaments short ; stigma bifid. Berry oval, smooth, umbilicate,
1-seeded, crowned by the permanent calyx. Embryo erect, in
fleshy albumen. — Trees or shrubs, natives of Java. Leaves op-
posite, glabrous, acuminated at both ends. Flowers crowded,
terminal, rarely axillary, sessile. Berry and wood very fetid. —
This genus comes very near the following.
1 S. ARBO'REUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 956.) arboreous ; leaves pe-
tiolate, elliptic-oblong ; flowers crowded, terminal, and some-
times axillary. Tj . S. Native of Java, in mountain woods.
Tree Saprosma. Tree.
2 S. FRUTICO'SUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 956.) shrubby; leaves
almost sessile, oblong-lanceolate ; flowers crowded, terminal. Jj .
S. Native of Java, on Mount Parang.
Shrubby Saprosma. Shrub.
Cult. See Ixbra, p. 574. for culture and propagation.
CLXII. COUSSA'REA (Aublet does not give the meaning of
this word). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 98. t. 38. Lam. ill. 1. p. 281. t.
65. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 177. t. 18. f. 1. and
2. D. C. prod. 4. p. 493. — Coussarea and Frcclichia, Juss. mem.
mus. 6. p. 376. — Frcelichia, Vahl. eel. praef. 3. but not of
Mcench, nor Wulf.— Billardiera, Vahl, eel. 1. p. 13. t. 10. f. 3.
but not of Smith, nor Moench. — Pecheya, Scop. intr. p. 143.
no. 530.
LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate tube,
and a short tubular sinuately 4-toothed limb. Corolla with an
elongated terete tube, which is hardly tumid at the apex, and a
glabrous throat. Stamens 4, inserted in the upper part of the
tube, inclosed ; anthers oblong-linear. Style filiform ; stigma
bipartite, with the lobes linear, and hardly exserted. Berry
ovate-globose, hardly fleshy, crowned by the tubular limb of
the calyx, 1 -celled, 1-seeded. Seed rather globose, fixed to the
sides of the parietes. Embryo small, in a pit at the bottom of
the albumen, which is horny, jwith a thick coriaceous radicle,
which is longer than the small cotyledons. — Glabrous shrubs,
natives of America. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, on short pe-
tioles. Stipulas solitary on both sides, acute. Flowers terminal,
few, rather crowded, on short pedicels, white.
1 C. VIOLA'CEA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 98. t. 38.) leaves ovate,
acuminated ; flowers terminal, almost sessile. J? . S. Native of
French Guiana, in the woods called Caux woods. Flowers white.
Berries violaceous.
Fzo/aceoMs-berried Coussarea. Shrub 7 to 8 feet.
2 C. RACEMO'SA (A. Rich, in mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p.
177.) leaves elliptic, acuminated; stipulas caducous; flowers
small, disposed in terminal pedunculate racemes ; fruit ovoid,
compressed, white. Tj . S. Native of French Guiana.
Raccmose-RowereA Coussarea. Shrub.
3 C. MACROCA'RPA (A. Rich. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, acumi-
nated ; stipulas caducous ; flowers disposed in terminal and
axillary, hardly pedunculate racemes ; fruit ovoid, black. Tj . S.
Native of French Guiana. Very like the preceding species.
Long-fruited Coussarea. Shrub.
4 C. ? SQUAMO'SA (Lam. ill. p. 281. no. 1462.) leaves ovate-
oblong ; cymes scaly, axillary ; limb of calyx cylindrical. ^ • S.
Native of the Caribbee islands.
Scaly-cymed Coussarea. Shrub.
5 C. FRCELI'CHIA (A. Rich. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
acuminated at both ends ; panicle corymbose, terminal, pedun-
culate ; peduncles compressedly angular. F? . S. Native of
the. island of Trinidad, ex Vahl ; and of Porto Rico, where it
was collected by Ryan. Frcelichia paniculata, Vahl, eel. praef.
p. 3. Billardiera paniculata, Vahl, eel. 1. p. 13. t. 10. f. 3.
RUBIACE^E. CLXIII. POLYOZUS. CLXIV. GRLMILEA. CLXV. RUTIDEA.
577
Stipulas very short, rounded, acuminated on both sides, ex Vahl ;
but in the specimen collected at Porto-Rico by Ryan, the sti-
pulas are connate a little way at the base, and bidentate at the
apex ; both are, however, probably the same species.
Frcelich's Coussarea. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Ixora, p. 574.
CLXIII. POLYO'ZUS (from iroXv, poly, many, and ofrf,
ozos, a branch ; in reference to the shrub, which is much
branched). Lour. coch. p. 74. exclusive of the first specits. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 494. Blum, bijdr. p. 947. — Polyozus, A. Rich,
mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 183. — Ixora species, Poir.
LIN. SYST. Tetra-Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with a
turbinate tube, and an obsoletely denticulated deciduous limb.
Corolla with a cylindrical tube, a villous throat, and 4-5 spread-
ingly reflexed lobes, which are longer than the tube. Anthers
4-5, alternating with the lobes of the corolla, hardly exserted.
Style short ; stigma bifid. Ovarium crowned by the disk.
Berry drupaceous, nearly globose, 2-celled, naked at the apex ;
cells containing 1 pyrena each. Pyrense excavated on the inside,
and gibbous on the back, coriaceous, 1 -seeded. Albumen carti-
laginous. Embryo minute, erect. — Small glabrous trees, natives
of Asia and the Mauritius. Leaves opposite. Stipulas inter-
petiolar. ' Cymes trichotomous, axillary, and terminal. — This
genus is nearly allied to Ixora, but differs in the tube being
shorter than the corolline lobes, and in the limb of the calyx being
deciduous. It is also nearly allied to Baconia, but differs in the
stigma being bifid.
1 P. LANCEOLA'TA (Lour. coch. p. 75.) leaves lanceolate,
petiolate ; racemes terminal, compound ; flowers tetramerous
and tetrandrous. 1? . G. Native of China, about Canton.
Branches diffuse. Flowers reddish.
Zanceo/a<e-leaved Polyozus. Shrub 4 feet.
2 P. ACUMINA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 948.) leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, very much acuminated ; racemes axillary ; flowers tetra-
merous and tetrandrous. J? . S. Native of the western part
of Java, on the mountains. Branchlets compressed. Stipulas
broad, short. Flowers small, corymbose ; corymbs in the axils
of the superior leaves on short peduncles.
Acuminated-\e&\e& Polyozus. Shrub.
3 P. LATIFO'LIA (Blum, bijdr. p. 948.) leaves elliptic-oblong,
acule at both ends ; flowers pentamerous and pentandrous. fj .
S. Native of the island of Nusa-Kambanga, near Java.
Broad-leaved Polyozus. Shrub.
t Doubtful species.
4 P. ? MADERASPATAVNA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 495.) leaves pe-
tiolate, oblong-lanceolate, hardly acute at the base, and rather
acuminated at the apex ; corymbs terminal, trichotomous ;
flowers pentamerous and pentandrous. 17 . S. Native of the
East Indies, about Madras. Stipulas broad, short, acuminated,
adpressed. Leaves coriaceous, those of the flowering branches
4 inches long and 1-| broad, standing on petioles about half an
inch long.
Madras Polyozus. Shrub.
5 P. ? BARBA'TA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. vol. 26. under Pavetla,)
leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute, smooth ; panicles brachiate, di-
varicate, smooth ; tube of corolla one-half shorter than the
lobes, which are 5, and beset with bristles in the mouth. T? . S.
Native of the island of Hominoa, in the East Indies. Leaves
coriaceous, a foot long, and 2 inches broad. Stigma cylindrical,
acute. From the tube of the corolla being shorter than the
lobes, and the flowers being pentamerous and pentandrous, it is
probably a true species of Polyozus.
Bearded Polyozus. Shrub.
VOL. III.
N. B. P. bipinnulus (Lour. coch. p. 75.) should be excluded
from the present order altogether, from the bipinnate leaves, but
its true place is unknown.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Ixora, p. 574.
CLXIV. GRUMl'LEA (from grumula, a little heap; in
reference to the albumen, which is grumose). Gaertn. fruct. 1.
p. 138. t. 28. f. 2. D. C. prod. 4. p. 495.— Grunilea, Poir.
suppl. 2. p. 857. — Grumllia, Du Theis, Gloss, bot. p. 210.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a 5-toothed limb. Corolla, stamens, and style un-
known. Berry crowned by the calyx, ovate-globose, rather
coriaceous, 2-celled, rarely 3-celled. Seeds solitary in each
cell, plano-convex or angular. Albumen rather cartilaginous,
grumose from chinks and fissures. Embryo erect, small, rather
curved, and nearly dorsal, with lanceolate cotyledons. — This
genus is hardly known, but from the albumen it comes very near
to Rutidea ; and to Psychotria from the form of the fruit.
1 G. NIGRA (Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 138. t. 28. f. 2.) berry
smooth ; teeth of calyx on the top of the fruit, conniving and
rounded. lj . S. Native of Ceylon, where it is called Hogdala.
Berries black.
Black-berried Grumilea. Shrub.
2 G. PSYCHOTRIOIDES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 495.) berry striated
lengthwise, crowned by the short tubular truncate limb of the
calyx. Ij . S. Native of the western coast of Africa, in Casa-
mancia at Itou, where it was collected by Leprieur and Perrottet.
Shrub glabrous. Leaves petiolate, elliptic, cuneated at the base,
acute at the apex, shining. Stipulas solitary on both sides, lan-
ceolate, deciduous. Flowers unknown. Fruit 5-C together at
the tops of the branches, sessile, almost capitate, black, ovate,
2-celled. Seeds ruminated as in Annbna.
Psychotria-like Grumilea. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Ixora, p. 574.
CLXV. RUTI'DEA (from pvrtc, rulis, a wrinkle; in allusion
to the wrinkled albumen). D. C. diss. 1807. ined. with a figure,
ann. mus. hist. nat. Par. 9. p. 219. prod. 4. p. 497. Juss. mem.
mus. 6. p. 378. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 179. —
Rytidea, Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with a globose
tube, and a small 5-parted limb : lobes ovate. Corolla funnel-
shaped, with a terete tube, which is dilated at the apex, and 5
spreading oval lobes. Anthers 5, sessile in the throat of the
corolla, exserted, oblong, but shorter than the lobes of the
corolla. Style clavate at the apex ; stigmas 2, combined, indi-
cated only by a furrow. Berry nearly dry, globose, crowned by
the vestiges of the calyx, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded. Seed globose, um-
bilicate at the base, wrinkled on the outside. Albumen large,
grumose, cartilaginous. Embryo oblique, terete. — Shrubs,
natives of India and Africa. Branches terete, hispid while young.
Leaves opposite, on short petioles, hispid on the nerves and
petioles. Stipulas twin on both sides, combined to the middle,
subulate at the apex. Spikes racemose, interrupted, terminal ;
flowers disposed in almost sessile opposite fascicles. Bracteas
and calyxes hispid. Corollas glabrous, becoming black on dry-
ing, but probably white in the recent state.
1 R. PARVIFLO'RA (D. C. 1. c.) branches, petioles, and nerves
of leaves on the under surface, rather hispid ; leaves elliptic-ob-
long ; spikes terminal, formed of interrupted fascicles of flowers ;
fruit glabrous. Tj . S. Native of Sierra Leone, where it was
collected by Smeathmann ; and of Casamancia near Itou, where
it was collected by Leprieur and Perrottet.
Small-flowered Rutidea. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
2 R. ? MO'LLIS (Blum, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 495.) every part
of the plant is clothed with soft hairy tomentum ; leaves elliptic-
4 E
578
RUBIACEvE. CLXV. RUTIDEA. CLXVI. FARAMEA.
oblong, clothed with soft hairs on both surfaces, but most so
beneath ; corymbs terminal, dichotomous ; fruit rather villous,
globose, 1-seeded. ^ . S. Native of the island of Pulo-
Penang. The fabric of the seed is unknown.
Soft Rutidea. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Ixora, p. 574.
CLXVI. FARA'MEA (Aublet does not give the meaning of
this name). A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 175. t. 17.
f. 1 and 2. D. C. prod. 4. p. 496. — Far&mea and Tetramerium,
Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 376.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndtia, Monogynia. Calyx with a turbi-
nately globose tube, and a very short 4-toothed or entire limb.
Corolla with a short terete tube, a naked throat, and 4 spreading
oblong or linear acute lobes, which are longer than the tube.
Anthers 4, sessile, inclosed. Style short, bifid at the apex.
Berry dry, 2-celled while young, but in the adult state it is glo-
bose, depressed, 1 -celled, and 1-seeded, marked by 8 crenula-
tions at the cicatrice. Seeds fixed to the bottom of the cell,
umbilicate at the base, globosely depressed. Albumen horny.
Embryo lateral, small, horizontal. — Glabrous, dichotomously
branched shrubs, natives of America. Leaves petiolate, oval or
oblong, acuminated. Stipulas interpetiolar, solitary on each
side, broad at the base, and setaceously cuspidate at the apex.
Flowers corymbose or umbellate, on the tops of the branches or
peduncles. Corollas white.
SECT. I. EUFARA'MEA (this section is supposed to contain the
true species of the genus). D. C. prod. 4. p. 496. — Faramea,
Aiibl. guian. 1. p. 102. t. 40. Lam. diet. 2. p. 460. ill. t. 63.—
Famarea, Vittm. summ. pi. 1. p. 357. Peduncles terminal, 1-3
together, bearing each a simple umbel of flowers at the apex.
Flowers involucrated by caducous bracteas. Stipulas ending in
an awn.
1 F. SESSILIFLO'RA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 104. t. 40. f. 2.) um-
bels terminal, solitary, simple, sessile ; calyx 4-toothed. ^ • S.
Native of Guiana, in the woods called Cauxwoods. Leaves ob-
ovate. Flowers white.
Sessile-flowered Faramea. Shrub 7 to 8 feet.
2 F. SERTULI'FERA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 496.) peduncles ter-
minal, solitary, nearly terete, bearing a simple umbel of flowers
at the apex ; calyx truncate. Tj . S. Native of Cuba, about
the Havannah. Branches slender, dichotomous. Leaves oblong,
acuminated at both ends.
Garland-bearing Faramea. Shrub.
3 F. TRUNCA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 496.) peduncles terminal
by threes, compressed at the apex, bearing each a simple umbel
of flowers ; calyx truncate. T? . S. Native of French Guiana.
Very like the following species, but differs in the calyx being
truncate. Corolla marcescent. Fruit pale, but exactly like
those of F. odoratissima.
7Y«ncaie-calyxed Faramea. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
4 F. CORYMBOSA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 102. t. 40. f. 1.) pedun-
cles terminal by threes, compressed at the apex, each bearing a
simple umbel of flowers ; calyx 4-toothed. Tj . S. Native of
French Guiana, in the woods called Cauxwoods. Lam. ill. t. 63.
Flowers white.
Corymbose-flowered Faramea. Shrub 7 to 8 feet.
SECT. II. TETRAME'RIUM (from rtrpuc, tetras, fourfold, and
/xepic, meris, a part ; in reference to the flowers being tetrame-
rous). D. C. prod. 4. p. 496. — Tetramerium, Gsertn. fil. carp.
3. p. 90. t. 196. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 373
Coffea section Potima, Pers. ench. 1. p. 209.— Darluca, Rafin.
ann. gen. sc. phys. 6. p. 87. ? Coffea and Ixora species, Lin.
Corymbs terminal, trichotomous. Flowers naked.
* Stipulas ending in an ann.
5 F. ODORATI'SSIMA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 496.) leaves oval-ob-
long, acutish at the base, and abruptly acuminated at the apex ;
Stipulas broad, ending in a subdorsal awn ; corymbs terminal ;
limb of calyx very short, truncate, ten times shorter than the
tube of the corolla ; berry crowned by the very short bluntly
4-toothed limb of the calyx. Tj . S. Native of the West Indian
islands, as in St. Domingo, Jamaica, Porto-Rico, Guadaloupe,
Cayenne, Panama, and probably of Mexico. Plum. ed. Burm.
t. 156. f. 2. P. Browne, jam. t. 6. f. 1. but not fig. 2.— Coffea
occidentals, Jacq. amer. t. 47. Lin. spec. p. 246. Ixora Ame-
ricana, Lin. amcen. acad. 5. p. 393. ex Swartz. Tetramerium
odoratissimum, Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 90. t. 196. Tetramerium
occidentale, Nees and Mart. nov. act. nat. cur. 12. p. 13.
Flowers white, sweet-scented, about the size of those of the jas-
mine ; hence it is called jasmine in Jamaica.
Very-smeet-scented-fio\vereA Faramea. Clt. 1793. Sh. 6 ft.
6 F. LATIFO'LIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 497.) leaves oval, abruptly
acuminated ; Stipulas broad, ending in a subdorsal awn ; corymbs
terminal ; tube of calyx slightly tetragonal, somewhat 4-
toothed, 5 times shorter than the tube of the corolla. J? . S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro. Tetramerium
latifolium, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 4. p. 30. It differs
from the preceding species in the flowers being one-half smaller.
This plant is probably also a native of Trinidad and Santa Cruz.
Broad-leaved Faramea. Shrub 6 feet.
7 F. MONTEVIDE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 497.) leaves oblong,
acuminated at both ends ; Stipulas broadish at the base, ending
in a subdorsal awn at the apex ; corymbs terminal ; berries
crowned by the limb of the calyx, which is tubularly cup-shaped
and subtruncate. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, about Monte-
Video ; and of Porto-Rico. Tetramerium Montevid6nse, Cham,
et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 29. Flowers white. Leaves and
inflorescence almost like those of F. odoratissima ; but the limb
of the calyx on the fruit is very different.
Monte-Video Faramea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
8 F. STIPULA'CEA D. C. prod. 4. p. 497.) leaves oblong, atten-
uated at the base, and acute at the apex ; stipulas broad at the
base, and ending in a dorsal awn at the apex ; corymbs terminal ;
limb of calyx acutely 4-toothed ; berry globose, crowned by the
short limb of the calyx. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, within the
tropic. Tetramerium stipulaceum, Cham, et Schlecht. in Lin-
naea. 4. p. 31. Flowers white. Habit of F. jasminoides, but
differs in the dorsal awn to the stipulas.
Stipulaceous Faramea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
9 F. CCERU'LEA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate-elliptic, acute at both
ends ; stipulas dilated at the base, and ending in a short awn at
the apex ; peduncles axillary, usually 3-flowered ; limb of calyx
acutely 5-toothed, 6 times shorter than the tube of the corolla.
Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Tetramerium cceruleum, Nees et
Mart. nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 12. Peduncles and branches 2-
edged. Corolla of an amethyst colour, with lanceolate segments.
5/ue-flowered Faramea. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
10 F. AXILLARIFLO'RA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 673.) leaves sessile,
ovate-oblong, cordate at the base, acuminated at the apex ; sti-
pulas ending in a long-awned acumen ; branches much compres-
sed ; flowers on short pedicels, in fascicled corymbs from the
axils of the leaves. >? . S. Native of Brazil, about Bahia,
where it was collected by Salzmann, G. Don, &c. Flowers
white. Fruit exactly like that of F. odoratissima. Leaves 7-8
inches long, and about 3 broad.
dxillary-flomered Faramea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
11 F. GUAYAQUILE'NSIS (D. C. I.e.) leaves oblong, acumi-
nated, almost sessile ; stipulas oblong, acuminated, and a little
awned, permanent : upper ones bifid on both sides ; panicle ter-
RUBIACE^E. CLXVI. FARAMEA. CLXVII. STREMPELIA. CLXVIII. COFFEA.
579
minal, trichotomous, divaricate. fj . S. Native of Guayaquil.
Tetrarnerium multiflorum, Bartl. in herb. Hsenke. Flowers
white ? Stipulas different in form from any other species.
Guayaquil Faramea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
" * Stipulas never ending in an awn.
12 F. JASMINOIDES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 497.) leaves elliptic-
oblong, acuminated at both ends ; Stipulas ovate, large, acutish ;
corymbs terminal ; calyx urceolate, with 4 long teeth ; berry glo-
bose, crowned by the short limb of the calyx. I/ . ? S. Native
of New Granada, near Ibague. Tetramerium jasminoides, H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 373. t. 287. Coffea flavicans,
\Villd. mss. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 201. Branches
tetragonal. Leaves pale green, yellowish beneath. Lobes of
corolla one-half shorter than the tube. Flowers white.
Jasmine-like Faramea. Shrub.
13 F. ? SESSILIFO'LIA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acuminated,
cordate, sessile ; Stipulas ovate, acuminately subulate ; corymbs
terminal, trichotomous ; limb of calyx urceolate, 4-toothed. fy .
S. Native in woods on the banks of the Orinoco, between May-
pure and St. Fernando de Atabapo. Tetramerium sessilifo-
lium, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 374. Ixora sessili-
folia, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 409. Flowers white. Anthers pro-
bably exserted. From the fruit being unknown, it is doubtful
whether it belongs to the present genus.
Sessile-leaved Faramea. Shrub.
14 F. MULTIFLOVRA (A. Rich, in mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5.
p. 176.) leaves oval-elliptic, acuminated, abruptly petiolate ; sti-
pulas interpetiolar, connate, sheath-formed, acuminated ; flowers
corymbose, terminal. Tj . S. Native of French Guiana.
Many -flowered Faramea. Shrub.
1 5 F. CALYCIFLOVRA (A. Rich. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, acuminated ;
Stipulas interpetiolar, acuminated ; flowers spiked ; spikes ter-
minal, pedunculate ; limb of calyx tubular, large, permanent.
I? . S. Native of French Guiana. From the calyx being per-
manent, it does not probably belong to the present genus.
Calyx-flonertd Faramea. Shrub.
SECT. III. FARAMEO!DES (from faramea, and idea, like ; but
is meant only as an alteration of the generic name). D. C. prod.
4. p. 498. Panicles thyrsoid, terminal.
16 F. ALBE'SCENS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 498.) panicle terminal,
pedunculate, having its branches bearing umbels of flowers at
the apex ; calyx truncate. Tj . S. Native of French Guiana.
Branchlets compressedly angular. Leaves oblong, acuminated
at both ends, shining on both surfaces, pale green. Stipulas
acute, deciduous while young. Peduncles 2-edged, furnished
with 3-4 pairs of branches. Panicles white, one-half shorter
than the leaves. Corollas elongated, very like those of F. trun-
cdta.
Whitish-pamdeA Faramea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
17 F. MARTINI (D. C. 1. c.) panicles terminal, on short pe-
duncles, shorter than the leaves ; branches corymbose at the
apex ; calyx hardly toothed : leaves large, oval ; anthers ex-
serted at the throat. T? . S. Native of Guiana, at Mount Kaw,
where it was collected by Martin. Branchlets compressed. Sti-
pulas broad, short, permanent. Leaves glabrous, membranous,
attenuated at the base. Lobes of corolla 4, a little longer than
the tube. Calyx urceolate. Fruit unknown.
Martin's Faramea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Coffea, p. 584.
CLXVII. STREMPE'LIA (named after Charles Frederick
Strempel, author of Filicum Berolinensium Synopsis, Berlin,
1822-1828). A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 180. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 498.
LIN. SYST. Tetra-Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an
obovate-globose tube, and a catnpanulately tubular 4-5-toothed
limb. Corolla tubular, terete, with a 4-5-parted spreading limb,
lanceolate acute segments, and a naked throat. Stamens in-
serted in the middle of the tube ; filaments beset with short
hairs in the free part ; anthers linear, inclosed. Fruit ovoid,
striated, fleshy, crowned by the tubular limb of the calyx, con-
taining 2 bony 1 -seeded indehiscent nuts, which are flat on the
inside, and furrowed in the middle. Seed erect. Embryo nearly
terete. — A Guiana shrub. Leaves opposite, elliptic. Stipulas
fringed. Flowers sessile, umbellate on the tops of the peduncles.
1 S. GUIANE'NSIS (A. Rich. 1. c.) Jj . S. Native of French
Guiana.
Guiana Strempelia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Coffea, p. 584.
CLXVIII. COFFEVA (so named from Caffee, a province of
Narea in Africa, where the common coffee grows in abundance).
Lin. gen. no. 230. exclusive of some species. Gaertn. fr. 1. p.
118. t. 25. Lam. ill. t. 160. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 379. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 498.
LIN. SYST. Tetra-Pcntandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an
ovate, globose or turbinate tube, and a small 4-5-toothed limb
(f. 107. a.}. Corolla tubular, funnel-shaped, with a spreading
4-5-parted limb (f. 107. &.), and oblong lobes. Stamens 4-5,
rising from the middle of the tube of the corolla, or from its
apex, exserted or inclosed. Style bifid at the apex, having the
lobes rarely combined. Berry umbilicate (f. 107. h.), naked or
crowned, containing 2 1 -seeded nuts of the consistence of parch-
ment, which are convex on the outside, and flat inside, and
marked by a longitudinal furrow. Embryo erect, in horny albu-
men, with a terete obtuse radicle, and foliaceous cotyledons. —
Trees and shrubs. Leaves opposite. Stipulas interpetiolar.
This genus is probably divisible into several genera, but that
has not been attempted on account of specimens of the greater
number of the species being rare in European collections.
SECT. I. COFFE (altered from the generic name). Rai. hist.
pi. Juss. act. acad. sc. Par. 1713. D. C. prod. 4. p. 498. —
Coffea, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 168. t. 16. f. 2.
Tube of calyx very short, not increasing after flowering, but
always vanishing. Throat of corolla usually naked. Berry
ovate or globose. Stigma bifid. — Trees and shrubs. Stipulas
solitary on both sides, undivided, neither toothed nor ciliated.
Inflorescence axillary in the genuine species. Flowers from 4
to 7 cleft, but usually 5 cleft.
* Peduncles axillary. Flowers 5-7-cleft, pentandrous or hep-
tandrous.
1 C. ARA'BICA (Lin. spec. p. FIG. 107.
245.) leaves oval-oblong, acumi-
nated, glabrous, shining on the
upper surface ; peduncles axil-
lary, short, aggregate ; corolla
5-cleft : anthers exserted ; ber-
ries ovate. Tj • S. Native of
Arabia Felix and ^Ethiopia,
from whence it has been carried
to almost all parts of the world
within the tropics. Gsertn. fruct.
1. t. 25. Sims, bot. mag. 1303.
Tratt. tab. t. 400. Tuss. ant.
t. 18. Delaun. herb. amat. t.
285. Church, ad Steph. med.
bot. 4. t. 182. C. laurifolia,
Salisb. prod. p. 62. — Juss.
act. ac. par. 1713. t. 7. Ellis, mon. 1774. in 4to. Till,
pis. t. 32. Pluk. aim. t. 272. f. 1. Alp. egypt. t. 36. Blackw.
4 E 2
580
RUBIACE^l. CLXVIII. COFFEA.
herb. t. 337. Plench. icon. t. 130. Stipulas awl-shaped, undi-
vided. Leaves wavy, dark-green and shining above, paler be-
neath. Flowers white, sweet-scented, disposed in axillary clus-
ters of 4-5. Berries red, cherry-formed. The seeds or nuts
are involved in a thin elastic pellucid aril. The coffee-tree is
frequently cultivated in the hot-houses of our gardens for orna-
ment, where it both flowers and ripens its fruit. It is propa-
gated by the berries, which must be sown soon after they are
gathered, or they will not vegetate. Cotyledons transversely
ovate, 3-nerved at the base, and emarginate at the apex.
Few vegetable substances have been more generally esteemed
for their medicinal and dietetic properties than the berries of the
coffee-tree. The plant is fully described by Ellis and several
other writers. The coffee-tree is generally regarded as a native
of Arabia, but Bruce says it derives its name from Coffee, a pro-
vince of Narea, in Africa, where it grows spontaneously in great
abundance. The plant does not appear to have been known by
the Greeks or Romans, nor are there any facts respecting its
origin in the East. It has been well ascertained, however, that
the berries were imported into every part of Europe, and used as
a favourite beverage, long before it was known of what plant
they were the product. Prosper Alpinus has seen the coffee-
tree, without fructification, in some gardens in Egypt ; but the
first intelligible botanical account was published by Ant. de Jus-
sieu, in the Mem. Acad. Scienc. Paris, in 1713. We are in-
formed by Boerhaave, in his Index to the Leyden Garden, that it
was first introduced into Europe by Nicholas Wisten, a burgo-
master of Amsterdam, and chairman of the Dutch East India
Company, who gave directions to the governor of Batavia to
procure seed from Mocha, in Arabia Felix. These being sown
in the Island of Java, several plants were procured, and one was
transmitted by Wisten, about the year 1610, to the botanic
garden at Amsterdam. From the progeny of this plant, not
only the principal botanic gardens in Europe, but also the West
India Islands, were supplied with this valuable tree. Soon after
its introduction into Holland, it was cultivated by Bishop Comp-
ton, at Fulham.
In Arabia the fruit is dried in the sun upon mats, and the
outer coat is separated by means of a large stone cylinder. It
is again placed in the sun, winnowed, and packed up in bales.
In the West India Islands, as soon as the fruit is of a deep red
colour, it is reckoned to be ready for being gathered. Large linen
bags, kept open by means of hoops round their mouths, is sus-
pended by the negroes from their necks, who pull the berries with
their hands, and, after filling the bags, empty them into a large
basket. A single negro can easily collect three bushels in a day.
As the berries do not ripen together, they are collected at three
different gatherings. One thousand pounds of good coffee are
produced from one hundred bushels of the berries just from the
tree. The coffee-berries may now be dried in two different
ways. The first method is to place them in the sun, in layers of
four inches thick, on inclined planes. In a few days the pulp is
discharged by fermentation, and in about three weeks the coffee
is completely dry. The skin of the berries, already broken, is
removed by mills, or in wooden mortars. The second method
is to separate the grain from the pulp at once, by means of a
mill, and the grains are then left to soak in water for twenty-four
hours. They are afterwards dried, and then stripped of the
pellicle, or parchment, as it is called, by means of appropriate
mills. The grains of coffee are afterwards winnowed, and min-
gled with the grindings and dust of the parchment, in which
state they are put up into bags for sale.
Culture. — The coffee-tree is less cultivated in Jamaica than in
Barhadoes, St. Domingo, and some other islands in the West
Indies. Richness of soil lessens the flavour of the seeds ; on
this account, coffee produced in the dry, hot, arid climate of
Arabia is always better than that from the West India Islands.
In cultivating the coffee in the West Indies, the berries are sown
immediately after being gathered, as they are found to retain
their vegetative quality only a few weeks. In three months the
seeds so sown produce plants fit for transplanting to the final
plantation. In the low lands they are planted five feet apart, and
in the mountains ten feet or more. In three years the plants will
produce a crop, and continue bearing a number of years. The
berries are gathered when they are just about to drop.
Qualities and chemical properties. — When the seeds of coffee
are roasted, a portion is converted into tannin by the action of
heat, and an agreeable aromatic substance is developed, the na-
ture of which has not been ascertained. The same principle is
also developed by roasting barley, beans, and many other vege-
tables, which, on that account, are occasionally employed as
substitutes for coffee, and suit some stomachs better. The in-
fusion of unroasted coffee in boiling water is of a yellowish
green colour ; but the decoction, by continuing the boiling, be-
comes brown, and turbid on cooling. From experiments made
chiefly by Cadet, it appears that coffee contains an aromatic
principle, a little oil, gallic acid, mucilage, extractive and bitter
principle. Other analyses have been made by chemists. M.
Grindel found it to contain kinic acid, and M. Paysse has dis-
covered what he has endeavoured to show as a peculiar acid, to
which he has given the name of coffee acid. More recently, M.
Robiquet is said to have demonstrated another principle, which
he names Cafeine. It is in silk-like acicular crystals, bearing a
resemblance to Benzoic acid. It liquefies by the aid of a gentle
heat ; in close vessels it volatilizes, and sublimes in needles.
Cafeine is neither acid nor alkaline ; it furnishes a great quan-
tity of azote; it dissolves with difficulty in ether, but quickly in
water and alcohol.
Medical properties and uses. — It is evident that we are in-
debted to the Arabians for our use of this pleasant beverage, as
the first rite of Eastern hospitality is the presentation of a bowl
of coffee. In Europe it is said to have been first used in Italy,
in the year 1650 ; and, according to Dulaine, was introduced at
the court of Paris, in 1669, by Soliman Aga, ambassador from
the Porte. An Armenian, named Pascal, opened the first Cafe,
and Procope the second, in " Rue des Fosses, Saint Germain des
Pres." Nearly at the same time coffee was introduced into
London.
By some, coffee is supposed to be best suited to the aged ;
and its abuse, as when taken too strong, is said to impair diges-
tion, instead of promoting it ; and it stimulates, heats, and pro-
duces watchfulness in certain constitutions. The Mahometans
of India, who use a great deal of coffee in the same way as we
do, witli the exception of combining milk with it, believe it to
have the effect of soothing and allaying nervous irritations, and
prescribe it to stop the vomiting in cholera morbus. Dr. Ainslie
also states, that it is often employed for the same purposes by
the Spaniards at Manilla. It is said that Sir John Floyer, dur-
ing his residence in Lichfield, found great benefit in his own
person by the use of coffee in asthma. Sir John confirms its
success in a letter to Dr. Percival ; " On reading the section of
coffee," says he, " in the second volume of your essays, one
quality occurred to me which I had observed of that liquor,
confirming what you had said of its sedative powers. It is the
best abater of periodic asthma that I have seen. The coffee
ought to be the best Mocha, newly burnt, and made very strong
immediately after grinding it. I have commonly ordered an
ounce for one dish, which is to be repeated afresh after the in-
terval of a quarter of an hour, without milk or sugar." Perci-
val's Essays, vol. iii.
As a general palliative, strong coffee is often serviceable in
various kinds of head-ache ; and where its own sedative power
. CLXVIII. COFFEA.
581
is unavailing, it forms one of the best vehicles for the adminis-
tration of laudanum. It diminishes in some degree the hypnotic
power of the latter, but counteracts its distressing secondary
effects. When laudanum is intermixed with strong coffee for
the cure of many modifications of head-ache, tranquillity and
ease are produced, though there may be no sleep ; when lauda-
num, on the contrary, is taken alone, sleep will, perhaps, follow,
but is mostly succeeded by nausea and a return of pain. Hence
the Turks and Arabians make strong coffee their common vehicle
for opium, from its tendency to counteract the narcotic principle
of the latter ; and on the same account it is plentifully adminis-
tered after the stomach has been evacuated of its contents, in
cases of poisoning by opium.
For common purposes, infusion of coffee is the most agreeable
method of preparing it, as the aromatic and volatile principles
are dissipated by boilng.
Coffee is named by the Persians Cohiva and Coho ; by the
Turks, Chaitbe and Cahve.y ; by the Arabians, Cachua, Caoua,
Caffaye, and Cahouah ; and by the Egyptians, Eleave. In Ger-
many it is called Arabische Kafferbaum ; in Cochin China, Cay-
caphe.
The Galla, a wandering nation of Africa, in their incursions
in Abyssinia, being obliged to traverse immense deserts, and
being also desirous of falling on the Abyssinians without warn-
ing, that they may be encumbered as little as possible with bag-
gage, carry nothing with them to eat, but coffee roasted till it
can be pulverized, and then mixed with butter into balls, and
put into a leathern bag : one of these, about the size of a bil-
liard-ball, keeps them, they say, in strength and spirits during a
whole day's fatigue, better than a loaf of bread, or a meal of
meat.
Arabian or Common Coffee-tree. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1696.
Shrub 5 to 15 feet.
2 C. MAURITIA'NA (Lam. olct. 1. p. 550. ill. t. 160. f. 2.)
leaves oval, acute at both ends, reticulately veined ; peduncles
axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered, very short; berries oblong, acute
at the base, f? . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon, in the
woods. C. Arabica fi, Willd. spec. 1. p. 974. C. sylvestris,
Willd. mss. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. .5. p. 201. Flowers
white. This species is known in the Island of Bourbon under
the name of Cafe-Marron, but should not be confounded with the
variety of C. Arabica, known in commerce under the name of
Cafe Bourbon, or Bourbon Coffee.
Mauritian Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
3 C. BENGHALE'NSIS (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 15. fl. ind. 2. p.
1 94.) leaves oval-oblong, acuminated at both ends ; flowers axil-
lary, rather aggregate, sessile ; stipulas undivided, subulate,
much acuminated ; corolla 5-cleft, with oblong lobes ; anthers
inclosed. Tj . S. Native of Bengal, but chiefly about Silhet ;
and of Nipaul. Roth. nov. spec. 148. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 200. Branches so placed as to form a bush of a pyramidal
form. Leaves from ovate to oblong, glabrous. Flowers 1-3
together or more, axillary, white, sweet-scented. Berry black,
size of a small cherry. It was for some time much cultivated
in Bengal, under the idea of its being the Arabian Coffee ; it is
now neglected, being of inferior quality, and not productive ;
however, the number of its flowers entitle it to a conspicuous
place in the flower-garden.
Bengal Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
4 C.' STENOPHY'LLA ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated;
peduncles almost sessile, axillary, 2-3-flowered. >? . S. Native
of Sierra Leone, where it is cultivated. Flowers white. Ber-
ries oblong, black. The seeds of this species are roasted and
used as the common coffee, and are even considered superior
to it.
Narrow-leaved Coffee-tree. Slirub 4 to 6 feet.
5 C. HIRSU'TUS ; leaves ovate, acuminated, on short petioles ;
young branches, petioles, and veins of leaves hairy ; peduncles
axillary, 3-flowered. Ij . S. Native of Sierra Leone, in the low
lands. Flowers white.
Hairy Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
S C.I MICROCA'RPA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 499.) leaves elliptic-
oblong, short-acuminated, and are, as well as the branches, quite
glabrous ; flowers in fascicles along the branches, after the fall-
ing of the leaves, and therefore they appear as if they were dis-
posed in interrupted racemes, but in fact the flowers are merely
in fascicles from the axils of the fallen leaves ; fruit elliptic, 3
times longer than their pedicels, and crowned by the cup-shaped
limb of the calyx. ^ • S- Native of Africa in Casamancia,
in woods, at Cape Rouge, where it was collected by Perrottet
and Leprieur. Leaves 2^ inches long, and 8-9 lines broad.
Stipulas solitary, undivided, acuminately subulate, deciduous.
Flowers white.
Small-fruited Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
7 C. LAURINA (Smeathm. in herb. .L'Her. et D. C. prod. 4.
p. 499.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, mucronate, cuneated at the
base, coriaceous, quite glabrous ; racemes axillary, crowded with
flowers, much shorter than the leaves ; corolla 5-cleft, with a
villous throat ; anthers exserted, but rather shorter than the
lobes of the corolla ; berries globose. ^ • S. Native of Sierra
Leone. Poir. suppl. 2. p. 14. Leaves yellowish in the dried
state. Calyx truncate. Corollas whitel
Laurel-like Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
8 C. ? STIPULAVCEA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 492.) leaves elliptic or
oblong, petiolate, acuminated at both ends ; stipulas foliaceous,
oblong, acute, striated lengthwise, deciduous ; peduncles axil-
lary, very long, corymbose at the apex, trichotomous. f? • S.
Native of French Guiana, where it was collected by Patris.
Limb of calyx obscurely but acutely 5 -toothed. Flowers un-
known. Berries ovate, not crowned. Peduncles 6 inches
long.
Slipulaceom Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
9 C. PEDUNCULA'TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 195.) leaves elliptic,
almost sessile, smooth ; peduncles terminal and axillary, in fasci-
cles, long, 1 -flowered ; tube of the corolla slender, smooth;
stamens inclosed. Jj . S. Native of the Moluccas.
Pedunculated Coffee-tree. Shrub.
* * Peduncles axillary. Flowers telramerous and tetrandrous.
— Ixora species, Spreng.
10 C. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 150. t. 57.) leaves
ovate-oblong, bluntly acuminated, quite glabrous ; peduncles
axillary, aggregate, very short, 1 -flowered; corollas 4-cleft, with
acute lobes ; anthers inclosed ; berries globose, small, f? . S.
Native of French Guiana, and of the Island of Trinidad, ex
Sieb. fl. trin. no. 44. Ixora Guianensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
409. Flowers small, white. Berries violaceous.
Guiana Coffee-tree. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
1 1 C. ROSEA (Moc. et Sesse. fl. mex. icon. ind. ex D. C.
prod. 4. p. 499.) leaves oval-oblong, acuminated at both ends,
glabrous ; peduncles axillary, 5-flowered, much shorter than the
leaves ; corollas 4-cleft, with revolute lobes ; anthers exserted ;
berries globose. J? S. Native of Mexico. Corollas rose-
coloured. Berries reddish, size of a pea.
.ftose-coloured- flowered Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to- 6 feet.
12 C. OBOVA'TA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea, 6. p. 412.)
glabrous ; leaves obovate, cuneated, acuminated, acute, feather-
veined ; cymes axillary, almost sessile, aggregate, short, many-
flowered ; stipulas ovate-triangular, caducous. Tj . S. Native
of Mexico, in shady places, near Masantla. Leaves half a foot
long. Tube of the calyx ovate, with short acute teeth. Corolla
with a short tube and a naked throat. Anthers linear, exserted.
582
RUBIACE,E. CLXVI1I. COFFEA.
O6oi>a<e-leaved Coffee-tree. Shrub.
13 C. J.ANCEOLA'TA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 6. p.
412.) stems, petioles, nerves, and primary veins of leaves under-
neath downy ; leaves lanceolate, glaucescent beneath, feather-
veined ; cymes axillary, usually solitary, few-flowered, on short
peduncles ; stipulas small, ovate-triangular, caducous. fj . S.
Native of Mexico, near Jalapa. Leaves 2-3 inches long, acumi-
nated. Calyx with a clavate tube, and small acute teeth. An-
thers linear, exserted.
Lanceolate-leaved Coffee-tree. Shrub.
14 C. TETRA'KDRA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2 p. 193.) leaves broad-
lanceolate, acute, shining ; stipulas bifid ; peduncles axillary and
terminal, in fascicles, long, slender, 1-flowered; corollas usually
4-cleft, with a long slender tube ; anthers inclosed ; berries glo-
bose. Tj . S. Native of Silhet and Chittagong, and the whole
east border of Bengal. Leaves 4-5 inches long, and hardly 2
broad. Corolla with a 4-5-cleft border. Stamens 4-5. Berries
size of a small cherry, blackish-purple when ripe, I or 2-celled.
An erect slender-branched Shrub.
Telrandrous-fiowered Coffee-tree. Shrub.
15 C. DENSIFLORA (Blum, bijdr. p. 965.) leaves oval-oblong,
acuminated, clothed with fine down on the veins beneath ;
flowers crowded, axillary ; corollas 5-cleft. Jj . S. Native of
Java, on Mount Salak. There are varieties of this with smaller
and larger flowers.
Dtnse-jlorvered Coffee-tree. Shrub.
16 C. ANGUSTIFO'LIA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 195.) leaves lanceo-
late, stiff', shining ; panicles axillary ; throat of corolla bearded ;
lobes of corolla linear, longer than the tube, but equal to the an-
thers, which are filiform and exserted. Jj . S. Native of
Pigeon Island, one of the Malay Archipelago.
Narrow-leaved Coffee-tree. Shrub.
17 C. RACEMOSA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 64. t. 214. f. a.
but not of Lour.) leaves oblong-oval, acuminated, glabrous ; sti-
pulas bifid ; racemes axillary and terminal, drooping while in
flower, but erect in the fruit-bearing state ; flowers almost ses-
sile, 5-cleft ; anthers exserted ; berry oval, fj . S. Native of
Peru, in groves at Pati and Macora, where it is called Cafe.
Rudgea racemosa, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 755. Flowers white.
Racemose Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
18 C. ZANQUEBA'RIS: (Lour. coch. p. 145.) leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, many-together, short,
1 - flowered ; corollas C-7-cleft ; berries oblong-ovate, angularly
nerved. Tj . S. Native of Africa, on the coast of Zanquebar,
in woods. Amajoua Africana, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 126. Flowers
white. Berries red. This species is cultivated near Mozam-
bique in gardens along with C. Arabica, and where the seeds are
used as a substitute for the common coffee.
Zanquebar Coffee-tree. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
19 C. I'NDICA (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 14.) leaves ovate-oblong,
acuminated, glabrous ; stipulas very short, undivided ; panicles
short, divaricate, terminal ; pedicels elongated ; fruit small, ob-
obovate, not crowned, by the calyx. Tj . S. Native of Java.
Flowers unknown.
Indian Coffee-tree. Shrub.
* Panicles terminal. Flowers ^-5-parted, tetrandrous or
pentandrous.
20 C. PANICULA'TA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 152. t. 58.) leaves
ovate-oblong, acuminated, shining ; branches tetragonal ; stipu-
las acute, caducous ; panicles terminal, divaricate; flowers 4-cleft ;
anthers inclosed. lj . S. Native of Guiana, in woods. Tetra-
merium paniculatum, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 409. Flowers white,
sweet-scented. Berries ovate-globose, bluish, containing 2 seeds
or nuts, one of which is usually abortive.
Panicled-fiowered Coffee-tree. Clt. 1822. Sh. 6 to 8 feet.
21 C. MOZAMBICA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 500.) leaves ovate-
lanceolate, scabrous from tubercles ; racemes terminal, erect,
brachiate ; peduncles tetragonal. lj . S. Native of the eastern
coast of Africa, in the island in Mozambique Channel. C. ramosa,
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 198. C. racemosa, Lour. coch.
p. 145. but not of Ruiz et Pav. The flowers are unknown, but
are probably tetrandrous. Berries small, red, watery, roundish,
1 -celled, 2-seeded. Seeds truncate, marked by a furrow inside.
Mozambique Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 feet.
22 C. SEMIEXSE'RTA (Colebr. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 195.)
leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated ; corymbs terminal. ^ . S.
Native of Bengal, in Silhet. Berries purple, size of large peas.
Habit of Ixora.
Half-exserted-stamened Coffee-tree. Shrub.
SECT. II. HO'RNIA (named after M. Van Horn, who, in the
year 1690, carried coffee from Arabia to Batavia, and in the
year 1710 to the gardens of Amsterdam). D. C. prod. 4. p. 500.
Tube of calyx increasing after the flowers have fallen, and
crowning the berry by a neck, having the teeth almost obsolete.
Flowers 5-cleft. Stigma bifid. Throat of corolla glabrous.
Berry ovate or globose, usually 1 -seeded from abortion. — Shrubs,
natives of Peru. Inflorescence axillary or terminal. Stipulas soli-
tary on both sides, undivided, never toothed nor ciliated.
23 C. SUBSE'SSILIS (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 64. t. 215.
lower figure,) leaves glabrous, coriaceous, sessile, oblong-lanceo-
late, acuminated, excavated at the base ; stipulas ovate ; racemes
axillary, trichotomous, shorter than the leaves. >j . S. Native
of Peru, on the Ancles in forests at Chinchao, Quebrada, and
Pati. CofFfea macrophylla, Dietr. nachtr. 2. p. 344. Leaves
a foot long, shining above. Peduncles quadrangular. Berries
ovate, at first red, but at last becoming purplish, ovate, 1 -seeded,
size of cherries. Probably a species of Faramea.
Sessile-\eaved Coffee-tree. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
24 C. UMBELLA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 64. t. 215. up-
per figure,) leaves glabrous, coriaceous, petiolate, oblong, acumi-
nated, nerved by transverse veins ; stipulas roundish ; peduncles
terminal, usually by threes ; flowers crowded, umbellate, invo-
lucrated. Tj . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes in forests.
Branches dichotomous, rather tetragonal. Involucrum 4-leaved,
and involucels 7-leaved. Berries red, ovate.
Umbellate-flowered Coffee-tree. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
25 C. ? ACUMINA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 64. t. 214. f.
b.) leaves petiolate, oval, acuminated, glabrous, villous in the
axils of the veins ; stipulas ovate, deciduous ; racemes terminal,
few-flowered ; flowers crowded. T? . S. Native of Peru, on
the Andes in forests. Branches tetragonal, a little compressed.
Corollas white, 5-cleft (ex descript.), with revolute segments.
Berries oval, red, 1 -seeded, size of cherries, blunt at the apex,
crowned by the tubular limb of the calyx.
^cummata/-leaved Coffee-tree. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
SECT. III. PANCRATIA (named after M. Pancras, who first
transmitted the coffee-tree from the gardens of Amsterdam to
those of Paris, in the year 1713). D. C. prod. 4. p. 501.
Throat of corolla bearded. Berries crowned by the vestiges of
the calyx. Racemes or corymbs terminal. Stipulas usually
fringed or ciliately toothed, as in Rudgea, but differs from that
genus in the calyx not being parted, and in the lobes of the
corolla not being horned. Flowers 5-cleft. — Glabrous Peruvian
shrubs.
* Stipulas ciliated.
26 C. CILIA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 65. t. 216. f. a.)
leaves oblong, acuminated ; stipulas truncate, ciliated : racemes
subpanicled, terminal ; flowers aggregate, sessile, 4-5-cleft ;
RUBIACEjE. CLXVIII. COFFEA.
583
anthers exserted. Tj . S. Native of Peru, in forests on the
Andes. Rudgea ciliata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 755. Branches
thickened at the nodi. Bracteas small, subulate, at the ramifi-
cations of the panicle. Corollas white, with reflexed segments.
Berries red, globose. Perhaps the same as C. ciliata of Brazil,
which was collected on the road to Felisbert, by the Prince de
Neuwied, but according to Nees and Martins, in nov. act. bonn.
12. p. 13., it differs from the Peruvian plant in the racemes
being shorter.
Ciliated-bractead Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
27 C. FOVEOLA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 65. t. 216. f.
b.) leaves oblong-oval, acuminated, with pits in the axils of the
veins beneath ; stipulas ovate, ciliated with glands while young ;
panicles terminal ; anthers exserted. J? . S. Native of Peru,
in forests on the Andes. Psychotria foveolata, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 746. but not of Ruiz et Pav. Psychotria scrobiculata, Spreng.
fil. ind. p. 572. Bracteas small, subulate. Corollas white,
but pale purple on the outside. Berries reddish, depressed at
both ends.
Pitted-\eaved Coffee-tree. Shrub.
28 C. MEXICA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 501.) leaves oblong,
acuminated, reticulately veined beneath ; stipulas crested ; co-
rymbs terminal, trifid ; limb of calyx truncate, obtuse. (7 . S.
Native of Mexico. Rudgea Mexicana, Bartl. in herb. Hsenke.
Branches dichotomous. Fruit dry, indehiscent, chartaceous, the
nuts separating at length from each other. Seeds hemispheri-
cal, having a very narrow furrow in front. It differs from Rud-
gea in the limb of the calyx not being 5-parted, but quite entire.
Mexican Coffee-tree. Shrub.
29 C. NI'TIDA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 65. t. 217. f. a.)
leaves oblong, bluntly acuminated, shining ; stipulas truncate,
ciliated; panicles terminal; flowers sessile; anthers inclosed.
I? . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes in forests. Rudgea nftida,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 755. exclusive of the synonymes of Kunth.
Branches compressed. Stipulas covered with white linear glands
on the outside. Corollas white. Berries red, globose, size of
peas.
Shining-leaved Coffee-tree. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
80 C. LAURIFO'LIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
372. but not of Salisb.) leaves oblong, somewhat acuminated,
coriaceous, shining ; stipulas ciliately multifid ; corymbs termi-
nal ; berries elliptic. I? . S. Native of South America, in
shady humid places at the Missions of the Orinoco. Coffea co-
riiicea, Willd. mss. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 201. ex
Kunth. Corolla and stamens unknown. Perhaps a species of
Psychotria, ex A. Rich. ?
Laurel-leaved Coffee-tree. Shrub 1 2 to 20 feet.
31 C. VERTICILLA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 66. t. 217. f.
b.) leaves oblong-lanceolate and obovate, acuminated ; stipulas
ovate, ciliated ; panicles terminal; branches of panicle in whorles
of fours ; anthers exserted. fj . S. Native of Peru, in forests
on the Andes. Rudgea verticillata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 755.
Bracteas small, setaceous. Calyx small, ciliated. Flowers ses-
sile, white, on the tops of the ramifications of the panicle.
WAor/erf-panicled Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
* * Stipulas undivided or bidentate. but never ciliated.
32 C. LONGIFO'LIA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 66. t. 218. f. a.)
leaves oblong-lanceolate, repandly undulated ; stipulas ovate, un-
divided ; panicles terminal ; anthers exserted. ^ . S. Native of
Peru, in forests on the Andes. Leaves shining above, a foot
long. Corolla white with reflexed segments. Berries globose,
red.
Long-leaved Coffee-tree. Shrub.
33 C. MICROCA'RPA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 66. t. 218. f.
b.) leaves lanceolate, acute ; stipulas bidentate on both sides ;
cymes axillary and terminal, spreading ; anthers hardly exserted.
tj . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes in forests. Branches a
little compressed at the apex. Bracteas subulate. Corollas
white, downy on the outside. Berries reddish, globose, size of
black pepper. Perhaps belonging to a different section.
Small-fruited Coffee-tree. Shrub.
84 C. SHCA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 371.
t. 286.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, coriaceous, shining ; sti-
pulas connate, bidentate on both sides ; spikes terminal ; flowers
sessile, disposed in whorles ; lobes of corolla ending each in a
callous horn. ^ • S. Native of New Granada. Rudgea spi-
cata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 755. Tube of corolla villous inside.
Fruit unknown. Perhaps a species of Psychotria.
Spiked-Rowered Coffee-tree. Shrub.
35 C. OLEIFO'LIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 372.)
leaves oblong, somewhat acuminated, coriaceous, shining ; stipu-
las truncate ; corymbs terminal. ^ • S. Native of South Ame-
rica, near Santa Fe de Bogota. Tetramerium olesefolium,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 409. Branches slightly 5-angled. Corolla
5-cleft, ex Kunth, 4-cleft, ex Muds. Fruit unknown. Perhaps
a species of Mapouria according to A. Rich.
Olive-leaved Coffee-tree. Shrub.
SECT. IV. STRAU'SSIA (named after Laurence Strauss, who
was the first, in 1666, to recommend coffee as a beverage).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 502. Berries turbinate or acuminated at the
base. Stipulas ovate, deciduous, ciliated on the lower margin of
the cicatrices. Flowers 4-6-cleft. Stamens 4-6. Stigma bifid.
Berries globose or oval. — Shrubs, natives of the islands in the
South sea. Cymes terminal.
S6 C. LUZONIE'NSIS (Cham, et Schlecht. 4. p. 32.) leaves lan-
ceolate, acute at both ends, with rather reflexed margins ; stipu-
las ovate-oblong, rather scarious, deciduous, with the cicatrices
rather ciliated at the margins ; cymes terminal, sessile, contracted
while young ; flowers 4-6-cleft ; throat of corolla bearded. Jj .
S. Native of the Island of Luzon. Corolla white, glabrous.
Anthers exserted a little. The central flower is 5-cleft, and the
rest either 4 or 5-cleft. Berries almost globose, acute at the
base, sometimes 1 -seeded by abortion. Branches fistular.
Luzon Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
37 C. KADUA NA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 33.)
leaves cuneate-obovate, somewhat scrobiculate in the axils of
the veins, with reflexed margins, usually clothed with rufescent
down beneath ; stipulas ovate, acute, caducous, the inner mar-
gins of the cicatrices ciliated ; cymes terminal, on long peduncles,
of 5 rays, 4 of which are disposed in a whorl around the other,
which is central ; corolla 5-cleft, with a naked throat. }j . S.
Native of the Sandwich Islands, particularly in O-Wahu. Berry
elliptic, attenuated at the base, rarely 1-seeded by abortion.
Branches compressed. Mr. Arnott remarked, that the segments
of the calyx are not ciliated as stated by the authors, although
the bracteas are.
Kadu's Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
38 C. CHAMMISSONIS (Hook, et Am. in Beech, voy. pt. bot.
p. 86.) leaves elliptic-oblong, scrobiculate in the axils of the
veins, with reflexed margins, quite glabrous on both surfaces ;
stipulas ovate, caducous, having the inner margins of the cica-
trices glabrous ; cymes on long peduncles of 5 rays, which are
disposed in a whorl ; corolla 5-cleft, with a naked throat. ^ . S.
Native of the Sandwich Islands. Very like the preceding.
Chammisso's Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
39 C. MARINIA'NA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 4. p. 35.)
leaves elliptic, acute at both ends, scrobiculate in the axils of the
veins ; stipulas ovate, deciduous, with the inner margins of the
cicatrices ciliated ; cymes terminal, pedunculate, with the branch-
lets decussate ; corolla 5-cleft, with a bearded throat. ^ • S.
1
584 RUBIACEjE. CLXVIII (A). RUDGEA. CLXIX. ANTHERURA. CLXX. RONABEA. CLXXI. PSYCHOTRIA.
Native of the Island of O-Wahu, in forests on the mountains.
Branches and branchlets of panicle compressed.
Mann's Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Cult. All the species of Coffea thrive well in a mixture of
turfy loam, turfy peat, and sand. They require to be watered
a good deal, and to have plenty of pot-room to thrive well. Ripe
cuttings strike root freely in sand under a hand-glass in a moist
heat ; and the young plants so raised, produce flowers and fruit
more readily than those raised from seed. As the plants are
apt to be infested by insects, particularly the mealy bug, they
should be examined often, and the insects rubbed off with a
brush, otherwise the plants will look unsightly.
CLXVIII (A). RU'DGEA (named by Salisbury after Edward
Rudge, F. R. and L. S., author of Plantarum Guianse Rariorum,
Icones et Descriptiones, 2 vol. fol. London, 1805). Salisb. in
Lin. trans. 8. p. 327. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 381. D. C. prod.
4. p. 503.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate-
globose tube, and a 5-parted limb ; lobes acute. Corolla with
a long slender terete tube, 5 linear spreadingly recurved seg-
ments, which are hooked on the back and acute, and a naked
throat. Anthers sessile, within the throat, inclosed. Stigma
bilamellate. Fruit 2-celled, 2-seeded. — Trees or shrubs, natives
of Guiana. Branchlets and petioles clothed with cinereous
down. Leaves opposite, large, smoothish. Stipulas interpe-
tiolar, large, ovate, fringed, deciduous. Panicles terminal, dense,
bracteolate, with the branches opposite. Flowers blackish in
the dried state, but most probably white in the recent state.
Fruit not sufficiently known.
1 R. LANCEJEFO'LIA (Salisb. 1. c. t. 18.) leaves lanceolate,
acuminated; tube of corolla 10 times longer than the lobes of
the calyx. ^ . S. Native of French Guiana. Leaves 10 inches
long, and about 3 broad. Corolla downy outside.
Lance-leaved Rudgea. Shrub or tree.
2 R. OVALIFOLIA (Salisb. 1. c. t. 19.) leaves oval, acuminated ;
tube of corolla 6 times longer than the lobes of the calyx,
fj . S. Native of French Guiana. Leaves 4-5 inches broad, and
7-8 long. Corolla downy outside.
Oval-leaved Rudgea. Shrub or tree.
Cult. See Coffea above for culture and propagation.
CLXIX. ANTHERU'RA (from avOrjpa, anlhera, an anther,
and ovpa, oura, a tail ; the anthers end in a long tail each).
Lour. coch. p. 144. D. C. prod. 4. p. 503. — Psychotria species,
Willd. Poir.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. All as in Psychotria,
but the corolla is rotate and 5-parted ; the anthers sagittate at
the base, and furnished with a long reflexed tail at the apex ;
the style subulate, and longer than the corolla, and the stigma
simple. — A glabrous shrub, with reddish diffuse branches.
Leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate, on short petioles. Panicles
terminal, erect, loose, racemose. Flowers white, with red fila-
ments. Berries ovate, brownish red. Stipulas unknown.
1 A. RU'BRA (Lour. coch. p. 144.) fy . G. Native of Cochin-
china and the Moluccas. Caryophyllaster ruber, and probably
C.albus, Rumph. amb. 3. p. 136. Psychotria rubra, Poir. suppl.
4. t. 597. Psychotria Amherura, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
188. Leaves 2-3 inches long.
jRerf-branched Antherura. Shrub 5 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Coffea above.
CLXX. RONA'BEA (Aublet does not give the meaning of
this word). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 154. Lam. ill. t. 166. Juss.
gen. p. 205. mem. mus. 6. p. 380. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist.
nat. Par. 5. p. 270. D. C. prod. 4. p. 503. — Psych6tria species,
Willd.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a small 5-toothed limb. Corolla oblong, rather funnel-
shaped, with 5 spreading acute lobes, and a naked throat. An-
thers 5, oblong, inclosed. Stigma bilamellate. Berry ovate, um-
bilicate, containing 2 1-seeded nuts, which are flat inside, and
convex outside. — Glabrous shrubs, natives of Guiana. Leaves
oval, acute, on short petioles. Stipulas solitary on both sides.
Peduncles axillary, 2-6-flowered, shorter than the petioles.
Flowers small, white. Bracteoles 2 under each flower. — Allied
to Psycholria, but differs in the berries not being ribbed. Per-
haps the species of Psychotria with axillary peduncles ought to
be joined to this genus.
1 R. LATIFOHA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 155. t. 59.)stems flexuous;
leaves ovate, ending in a short point, variegated with green and
blue above. Jj . S. Native of Guiana, in woods at Oj ac-Orapu
and Sinemari. Psychotria axillaris var. a, Willd. spec. 1. p.
962. Stems simple, nodose, twisted. Stipulas broad, acute.
Flowers white. Lobes of corolla pilose. Berries black.
Broad-leaved Ronabea. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
2 R. ERE'CTA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 156.) stems erect; leaves
ovate, acute, thin, greenish-yellow. Tj . S. Native of Guiana,
in woods along with the preceding. R. latifolia ft, Gmel. syst.
1. p. 365. Psychotria axillaris |8, Willd. spec. 1. p. 962. Leaves
4 inches long and 1-j broad. Flowers white. Berries black.
Erect Ronabea. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
3 R. ? MYODE'NDRON (A. Rich, in mem. soc. hist. nat. 5. p.
270.) leaves linear-lanceolate, very acute, petiolate ; flowers
disposed in few-flowered terminal corymbs ; fruit didymous,
hardly umbilicate. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, where it is called
Herbo do rato. Flowers white.
Rat-tree Ronabea. Shrub.
4 R.? MORINDOIDES (A. Rich. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, acumi-
nated, petiolate ; flowers small, crowded into many terminal
pedunculate pea-formed heads ; fruit pea-formed, rather umbili-
cate at the apex ; seeds chinky outside. Pj . S. Native of French
Guiana. Flowers white.
Morinda-like Ronabea. Shrub.
5 ? R. ? DIDYMOCA'RPOS (A. Rich. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, acumi-
nated, on short petioles; Stipulas connate intrapetiolar trun-
cate, furnished each with 2 bristles; flowers disposed in a ter-
minal cyme ; fruit didymous, umbilicated by a terminal dot. f; .
S. Native of French Guiana. This and the two preceding
are very doubtful species of Ronabea, from the flowers being
terminal, and ought perhaps on that account to be joined with
Psychotria.
Tniin-fruited Ronabea. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Coffea above.
CLXXI. PSYCHO'TRI A (said to be from ^vXt, psyche, life ;
in allusion to the powerful medicinal qualities of P. emetica, or
as others say from ^vXoTpo(t>oy, psychotrophon, an ancient name
for an herb loving shade). Lin. gen. no. 229. H.B.et Kunth, nov.
gen. ainer. 3. p. 354. D. C. prod. 4. p. 504. — Psychotrophum, P.
Browne, jam. — Psychotria species, Juss. Lam. Willd. — Psychotria
and Mapouria, A. Rich. —Psychotria Simlraand Mapouria, Aubl.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a short 5-lobed 5-toothed or nearly entire limb. Co-
rolla short, funnel-shaped, 5-cleft, regular ; limb spreading or
reflexed ; throat bearded or glabrous. Stamens 5 ; anthers ex-
serted or inclosed in the throat. Stigma bifid. Berry drupa-
ceous, crowned by the limb of the calyx, furnished with 10
blunt ribs in the dried state, containing 2 1-seeded chartaceously-
coriaceous ribbed pyrenae. Seed erect, with cartilaginous albu-
men, and a small basilar embryo. — Small trees or shrubs, rarely
RUBIACEjE. CLXXI. PSYCHOTRIA.
585
herbs, natives within the tropics. Leaves opposite, petiolate.
Stipulas variable. Peduncles sometimes axillary, but usually
terminal. Flowers disposed in panicles or corymbs, rarely tetra-
merous, but almost always pentamerous ; sometimes, however,
there are tetramerous and pentamerous flowers to be found at
the same time, and' on the same plant. The species are very
numerous and truly intricate, therefore difficult to define.
§ 1. Peduncles axillary.- — Perhaps all the species belonging to
the present section belong to the genus Ronabea.
* Species natives of South America.
IP.? EXCE'LSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 355.
t. 281.) arboreous; branclilets terete, downy; leaves oblong,
acuminated, narrowed at the base, membranous, glabrous ; stipu-
las deciduous ; peduncles axillary, few-flowered ; flowers tetra-
merous and tetrandrousi Tj . S. Native of Mexico, near Xa-
lappa. Corolla white, glabrous : with the lobes oblong, and
longer than the tube. Drupe globose, red, 2-celled ; cells 1 -seed-
ed ; ovula erect.
Tall Psychotria. Tree tall.
2 P. ? EME'TICA (Mutis, in Lin. fil. suppl. p. 144. exclusive of
the synonymes of Marcgrave and Piso,) plant suffruticose, erect,
simple, pilosely tomentose ; leaves oblong, acuminated, narrowed
at the base, membranous, ciliated, rather pilose beneath ; stipu-
las ovate, acuminated, very short ; peduncles axillary, few-
flowered, subracemose. T? . S. Native of New Granada, near
Nares on the banks of the Magdalena, and in the province of
Girone. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 355. Humb. et
Bonpl. pi. equin. 2. p. 142. t. 126. Cephae'lis emetica, Pers.
encli. 1. p. 203. Ipecacuanha noir, Rich. diet. sc. med. 20. p.
4. with a figure. Ipecacuanha, fl. med. 4. f. 201. Flowers
white. Berries bluish, ovate-globose, smooth, not furrowed ;
hence it is probably a species of Ronabea. Throat of corolla
closed by villi. Root perpendicular, knotted, branched, emetic,
with a slender axis and thick friable bark ; and is the ipecacuanha
supplied by Spanish America, but not that supplied by Brazil,
which is Cephaflis Ipecacuanha.
Emetic Psychotria or Spanish American Ipecacuanha. Sh. 1
to 1-J foot.
3 P. HI'RTA (Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 191.)
branches, peduncles, petioles, and under side of leaves hairy ;
leaves obovate-oblong, acuminated at both ends ; stipulas ovate,
obtuse ; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered. fj . S. Native of New
Granada, on Mount Quinditi. The rest unknown. Perhaps a
variety of P. rufescens.
Hairy Psychotria. Shrub.
4 P. MACROPHY'LLA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 56. t. 202. f.
a.) plant herbaceous, glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves oval-
lanceolate, acuminated, large, membranous ; stipulas broad-ovate,
unidentate, short-acuminated ; panicles axillary, on short pe-
duncles, with opposite dichotomous branches ; fruit oval. If. . S.
Native of Peru, in forests on the Andes. Flowers small, sessile,
white. Fruit of an obscure violaceous colour. Leaves a foot
long. Stipulas beset with glands inside at the base.
Long-leaved Psychotria. PI. 7 to 8 feet.
5 P. WILLDENOWII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 505.) leaves oblong,
attenuated at the base and apex, petiolate, coriaceous, shining,
downy beneath ; stipulas 2-lobed ; panicles axillary, very short,
sessile. fj . S. Native of South America. P. magnolisefolia,
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 190. P. floribunda var. Spreng.
Willdenow's Psychotria. Shrub.
C P. ULIGINOSA (Swartz, prod. p. 43. fl. ind. occ. p. 421.)
plant subherbaceous, simple, erect, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate-
oblong, acuminated, shining; stipulas connate, acute, convex;
cymes pedunculate, tripartite, opposite in the axils of the upper
VOL. III.
leaves ; flowers sessile ; corolla with a villous throat ; berries
spherical ; seeds crested on the outside. Ij . S. Native of Ja-
maica, in low rather humid parts of the mountains. P. Browne,
jam. p. 160. no. 1. ? Root long, creeping. Berries scarlet,
compressed in the dried state. Flowers pale red.
Bog Psychotria. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
7 P. LJE'VIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 505.) glabrous ; leaves oval,
acute at the base, and ending in a short cuspidate point at the
apex, smooth above, almost nerveless ; stipulas thick, with
a reflexed acumen ; peduncles axillary, compressed, shorter
than the leaves, trifid at the apex, and each of the branchlets
bearing crowded sessile flowers ; fruit nearly globose, not
crowned. Tj . S. Native of Porto-Rico, where it was collected
by Bertero. P. Phytolacca, Spreng. in herb. Balb, and probably
ofPoir. Seeds compressed. Ribs of fruit thick, distant.
Smooth Psychotria. Shrub.
8 P. HOOKE'RI; shrubby, glabrous; branches tetragonal;
leaves lanceolate, tapering into the short petioles, coriaceously
membranous, with finely reflexed margins, pale and reticulated
beneath ; stipulas oval, acute, deciduous ; peduncles axillary,
short ; flowers on short pedicels, bracteate at the base ; bracteas
small, convolute, toothed ; flowers dioecious ; fruit oval, crowned
by the limb of the calyx, which is tubular, and minutely 5-toothed
at the apex, fj . G. Native of Juan Fernandez. Hippotis
triflora, Bertero, in ann. des scienc. nat. 21. p. 348. but not of
R. and Pav. P. ? triflora, Hook, et Am. in bot. misc. 3. p.
359. but not of Schum. Fruit a drupaceous berry, nearly half
an inch long, inclosing 2 chartaceous pyrense.
Hooker's Psychotria. Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
9 P. ? PYKIFO'LIA (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 360.)
arboreous, glabrous ; branches obscurely tetragonal ; leaves,
broad-ovate or oblong, on long petioles, with erosely sinuated
finely reflexed margins, coriaceously membranous, paler beneath
and reticulated ; stipulas broad-ovate, acute, deciduous ; pe-
duncles axillary, 3-flowered ; drupe turbinate, crowned by the
erect acuminated teeth of the calyx. f? . G. Native of Juan
Fernandez, where it is called Peralillo according to Bertero.
Hippotis pyrifolia, Bertero, mss. Bertero thinks it may only
be a variety of the preceding species, but it is much larger ;
he did not meet with the flower ; but if its structure prove
to be the same as the other, both merit being raised to the rank
of a genus according to Arnott.
Pear-leaved Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
10 P. AGNA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 505.) leaves narrow, oblong,
attenuated at both ends, shining above, hairy beneath, and
bearded on the mid-rib on both surfaces ; stipulas acutely biden-
tate ; peduncles axillary, corymbose at the apex, downy ; flowers
crowded on the tops of the branches of the peduncles ; fruit
nearly globose. Jj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Nerves of
leaves yellowish. Leaves and branchlets crowded. Flowers
downy outside when young. Berries glabrous. Perhaps suffi-
ciently distinct from the next species.
Kindred Psychotria. Shrub.
IIP. NEURO'TRICHA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acu-
minated at both ends, glabrous, except the middle nerve, which
is beset with a series of hairs on both surfaces ; stipulas acutely
bidentate, permanent ; panicles axillary, rather deflexed, race-
mose, and rather pilose ; flowers sessile, crowded on the tops of
the lateral short branches of the panicle ; fruit subobovate. Jj . S.
Native of Porto-Rico. Bracteas broad, ovate, permanent, under
the flowers. Berries glabrous. Flowers unknown.
Hairy-nerved-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
** Species natives of Africa.
12 P. TRIFLORA (Schum. pi. guin. p. 108.) shrubby ; branches
brachiate ; branchlets rather tetragonal, pilose ; leaves ovate,
4 F
586
RUBIACE^E. CLXXI. PSYCHOTRIA.
bluntly acuminated, downy beneath ; stipulas reniformly cordate,
acute, entire ; peduncles very short, axillary, 3-flowered. Tj . S.
Native of Guinea. Flowers white.
Three-flowered Psychotria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
13 P. MULTIFLORA (Schum. pi. guin. p. 108.) plant shrubby,
decumbent or scandent, quite glabrous ; branchlets rather tetra-
gonal ; leaves oblong-ovate, attenuated at the apex, on short
petioles; stipulas entire, acuminated; panicles axillary, sub-
capitate ; peduncles length of the petioles. T? . S. Native of
Guinea, at Asiama. Corolla white, downy inside.
Many-flowered Psychotria. Shrub decumbent.
14 P. UMBELLA'TA (Schum. pi. guin. p. 108.) shrub much
branched, glabrous ; branchlets alternately compressed ; leaves
hardly petiolate, lanceolate ; stipulas acuminated, cleft at the
apex, deciduous ; peduncles axillary, angular, trifid at the apex,
umbelliferous ; berries globose, umbilicate at the apex. T? . S.
Native of Guinea. Leaves 2-4 inches long. Peduncles 2 inches
long. Corolla white.
Umbellate-flowered Psychotria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
15 P. KO'LLY (Schum. pi. guin. p. 110.) shrubby, glabrous;
branchlets compressed ; leaves petiolate, ovate-elliptic, acutish,
of a different colour beneath ; stipulas ovate, acutish ; corymbs
axillary and terminal, fastigiate ; tube of corolla cylindrical.
>j . S. Native of Guinea, where it is called Kolly-Tjo by the
natives.
Kolly- Tjo Psychotria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
16 P. OBVALLA'TA (Schum. pi. guin. p. 111.) plant herbace-
ous, creeping ; petioles elongated, rather hairy at the apex ;
leaves oblong, cordate, obtuse, glabrous ; stipulas ovate, acutish ;
peduncles almost axillary, usually 5-flowered ; flowers girded
by a foliaceous 4-leaved involucrum. H..S. Native of Guinea,
at Aquapim.
Environed Psychotria. PL creeping.
* Species natives of Asia.
17 P. PHILIPPE'NSIS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 21.)
glabrous and resinous ; branchlets tetragonal ; -leaves obovate,
very blunt, petiolate, coriaceous ; stipulas very short, intrafo-
liaceous, permanent ; cymes opposite, axillary or supra-axillary,
3 times shorter than the leaves, dichotomous ; ovarium cylindri-
cal, crowned by the truncate limb of the calyx. I? . S. Native
of the Island of Luzon, about Tierra Alta by the sea side.
Philippine Psychotria. Shrub.
§ 2. Peduncles terminal.
* Species natives of Peru.
18 P. RETICULA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. 2. p. 56. t. 212. f. b.) plant
herbaceous, downy ; branches tetragonal, glabrous ; leaves ovate-
lanceolate, acuminated, reticulately veined, rather coriaceous ;
stipulas subconcrete at the base, bifid beyond the middle, with
the lobes linear-lanceolate and acuminated ; panicles terminal,
longer than the leaves, with opposite spreading hairy-velvety
branches, and crowded flowers. "If. . S. Native of Peru, on the
Andes in groves. Leaves a foot long, downy beneath, and
having the nerves purplish. Corolla small, yellow, downy out-
side, with a villous throat.
Reticulated-leaved Psychotria. PL 7 to 8 feet.
19 P. ACUTIFLORA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 506.) leaves oblong,
acuminated, ciliated, downy beneath, rather scabrous above,
clothed with hairy tomentum on the mid-rib on both surfaces, as
well as the branchlets ; panicles terminal, erect, rather hairy,
longer than the leaves, with cymosely bifid branches ; segments
of corolla mucronately cuspidate. J? . S. Native of Guayaquil,
where it was collected by Hsenke. Guettarda acutiflora, Bartl.
in herb. Haenke. Nearly allied to P. deflexa. Stipulas connate,
sheathing, ending each in a sublanceolate acumen.
Acute-flowered Psychotria. Shrub.
20 P. PILC-SA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 60. t. 208. f. a.)
sufFruticose, pilose ; branches tetragonal ; leaves oblong, acumi-
nated at both ends ; stipulas bifid, with lanceolate acute lobes,
which are about the length of the petioles ; panicles short, ter-
minal, on short peduncles, with opposite branches ; bracteas lan-
ceolate, acute, ciliated ; teeth of calyx acute. ^ • S. Native
of Peru, on the Andes in humid parts of forests. Leaves 4
inches long. Inflorescence as in Asperula. Bracteas bluish.
Peduncles hairy. Berries blue, about the size of peas.
Pilose Psychotria. Shrub 2 feet.
21 P. CYMOSA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 59. t. 206. f. b.)
suffrmicose, glabrous ; branches compressedly tetragonal ; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, acute, shining above ; stipulas bipartite, with
the lobes linear-subulate and distant ; cymes terminal, on short
peduncles, of 5 rays ; segments of the calyx long, subulate ; tube
of corolla villous at the base; berries oval. Jj . S. Native of
Peru, in groves on the Andes. Leaves 6 inches long. Peduncles
compressed. Corolla purplish. Berries violaceous. Calyx
almost as in Geophila.
Cymose-fiowered Psychotria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
22 P. MAGNOLIJEFO'LIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 360. but not of Willd.) glabrous ; branchlets compressed ;
leaves elliptic, bluntish at both ends, rather membranous; stipu-
las oblong, obtuse, length of the petioles ; cymes pedunculate,
of 4 spreading rays ; flowers sessile, usually by threes. Tj . S.
Native about Quito. Fruit unknown. Said to be allied to P.
ardisicefolia. Leaves 7-8 inches long and 4-5 broad, on petioles
8-9 lines long.
Magnolia-leaved Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
23 P. GLOMERA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
362.) glabrous ; branchlets compressed ; leaves oblong or ob-
ovate-oblong, acute, narrowed at the base, membranous ; stipulas
lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated ; panicles pedunculate, very
simple, spreading ; flowers disposed in verticillate heaps, sessile;
fruit nearly globose. J? . S. Native of Peru. Said to be allied
to P. ardisicefolia, but the inflorescence is different. Sprengel
asserts this species to be a native of New Granada and Brazil,
but without giving any authority for so stating.
Heaped-fiowered Psychotria. Shrub.
24 P. RUGULOSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 556.)
glabrous ; branches compressed ; leaves lanceolate, long-acumi-
nated, rather coriaceous, narrowed at the base, a little wrinkled,
fbveolate in the axils of the veins beneath ; stipulas lanceolate,
acuminated ; panicles pedunculate, having the lower branches 4
in a whorl, and spreading ; fruit nearly globose, didymous. tj .
S. Native of the temperate parts of Peru.
Wrinkled-]ea.ved Psychotria. Shrub.
25 P. VI'RIDIS (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 61. t. 210. f. b.)
glabrous ; branchlets somewhat tetragonal ; leaves oblong, acu-
minated, foveolate in the axils of the veins beneath at the base ;
stipulas connate, lanceolate, caducous, one-half longer than the
petioles ; panicles pedunculate, terminal, with opposite branches ;
flowers crowded, sessile ; berry globose, fj . S. Native of
Peru, in groves on the Andes. Palicurea viridis, Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 195. Corollas small, green, with a hairy
throat. Anthers inclosed. This has nothing to do with Pali-
curea tinctoria, with which it has been confounded by Sprengel.
Leaves 3-4 inches long.
Green- flowered Psychotria. Shrub 6 to 7 feet.
26 P. REPA'NDA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 61.) glabrous;
branches somewhat tetragonal, leafy at the top ; leaves lanceo-
late-oblong, repand ; stipulas connate at the base, lanceolate,
ciliated on the back and margins, caducous ; panicles terminal,
with brachiate compressed branches ; bracteoles ovate, acute ;
flowers sessile, on the tops of the branches of the panicle.
RUBIACEjE. CLXXI. PSYCHOTRIA.
587
Jj . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes in groves. Corolla small,
yellow, with a villous throat. Berries size of pepper-corns,
purple.
Repand-leaved Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
27 P. FOVEOLA TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 59. t. 207. f. b.)
leaves narrow-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, hardly petio-
late, with the axils of the upper veins often glandularly foveo-
late, but downy on the veins beneath, as well as the branchlets
and peduncles ; stipulas oval, deciduous ; panicles pedunculate,
having the branchlets drooping while bearing the fruit ; flowers
3-5, sessile at the top of each branch of the panicle. fj . S.
Native of Peru, on the Andes in groves, at Chinchao and
Cuchero, ex Ruiz et Pav. ; and on the mountains about the
Guanocco, ex herb. Hsenke. P. foveolata, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
743. no. 39. exclusive of the synonymes. Branches rather
tetragonal. Corolla small, cream-coloured. Berries ovate, pur-
plish-green, ex Bartl, globose and rufous, and about the size of
pepper berries.
/beeo/aie-leaved Psychotria. Tree 18 feet.
28 P. DIVARICA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
362. but not of Willd.) glabrous ; branchlets terete ; leaves lan-
ceolate-oblong, acute, narrowed at the base, membranous, foveo-
late in the axils of the veins beneath ; panicles pedunculate,
rather ovate, with opposite spreading branches ; flowers pedicel-
late, tj . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes in temperate
places about Quito. Very nearly allied to P. foveolata. There
is a variety of this with tetramerous tetrandrous flowers.
Divaricate Psychotria. Shrub.
29 P. VJRGA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 60. t. 209. f. a.)
glabrous ; leaves oblong or elliptic, acuminated, coriaceous, re-
ticulately-veined beneath ; stipulas bluntly bifid, length of the
petioles ; cymes on short peduncles, trichotomous, crowded with
flowers ; flowers almost sessile, on the tops of the branches of
the cyme ; fruit oval. Tj . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes in
cold mountain forests. Leaves 4 inches long, with red nerves,
and reflexed margins, bitter, and supplying a yellow colour when
dried. Corollas sulphur-coloured, with a villous throat. Berries
ovate, deep blue, size of peas. P. virgata Jamaicensis, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 742. is perhaps a very distinct species from the pre-
sent.
Tmiggy Psychotria. Shrub 9 to 10 feet.
30 P. CUNEIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 507.) glabrous ; leaves
obovate, cuneated at the base, and ending in a short cuspidate
point at the apex ; stipulas small, deciduous ; panicles erect,
shorter than the leaves, with opposite branches, fj . S. Native
of Peru, at Guayaquil. P. glabrata, Bartl. in herb. Haenke, but
notofSwartz. Flowers unknown. Berries ovate-globose, 10-
striped in the dried state. Seeds semi-ovate.
Wedge-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
31 P. H;ENKEA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 507.) glabrous; leaves
oval-oblong, acuminated at both ends ; stipulas bifid on both
sides, acuminated ; peduncles a little shorter than the leaves ;
cymes contracted, fj . S. Native of Guayaquil, and probably
of Mexico. P. pedunculata, Bartl. in herb. Haenke. Allied to
P. pedunculata, Swartz, but differs in the stipulas being much
more acuminated, in the leaves being narrower, and more acu-
minated at both ends. Cymes obconical. Flowers and fruit un-
known.
Hcenke's Psychotria. Shrub.
32 P. TRIFIDA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 60. t. 209. f. b.)
smoothish ; branchlets bluntly tetragonal ; leaves lanceolate,
acuminated, shining above, but downy along the nerves and
veins beneath ; stipulas connate at the base, acutely bifid at the
apex ; cymes sessile, tripartite, with the branches again trifid ;
flowers sessile, by threes at the tops of the branchlets of the
cyme ; corollas downy ; berries roundish-turbinate. f? . S. Na-
tive of the Andes of Peru, in mountain groves. Leaves 3 inches
long. Throat of corolla villous. Berries black.
Trifid-cymed Psychotria. Tree 18 feet.
33 P. CAPITA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 59. t. 206. f. a.)
smoothish ; branchlets slightly tetragonal ; leaves oblong, acu-
minated, very veiny, downy beneath ; stipulas bifid, obtuse ;
panicles shorter than the leaves, ovate, terminal, on short pe-
duncles; peduncles bracteate, opposite ; flowers crowded. Tj . S.
Native of Peru, on the Andes in groves. Cephae'lis Peruviana,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 749. Stipulas hispid, glandular on the inner
side at the base. Bracteas lanceolate ; bracteoles ovate, acute.
Berries ovate, blackish, umbilicate.
Capitate- flowered Psychotria. Shrub 9 to 10 feet.
34 P. VIILOSA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 59. t. 207. f. a.)
branchlets, peduncles, petioles, and nerves of leaves clothed with
rufous villi ; leaves attenuated at both ends, glabrous above in
the adult state, downy on the nerves beneath ; stipulas ovate-
oblong, acute, caducous; panicles pedunculate, with the branches
and branchlets opposite ; flowers by threes, glabrous. ^ . S.
Native of the Andes of Peru, in mountain groves. Bartl. in
herb. Hsenke. Knots of branches pilose. Leaves 4-5 inches
long. Bracteas small, acuminated. Berries red, globose, rather
compressed, size of small peas. Allied to P. micrantha and P.
hirsuta.
Villous Psychotria. Shrub 9 to 10 feet.
35 P. MICRA'NTHA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
363. t. 284.) hairy from rufescent villi ; branchlets terete ; leaves
obovate-elliptic, acuminated, cuneated at the base, rather coria-
ceous ; stipulas oblong, awnedly bidentate ; cyme,s pedunculate,
of 6 rays, diffuse ; flowers glomerate ; corollas hairy on the out-
side ; fruit globosely elliptic, hairy. Jj • S. Native of Peru,
ex Kunth ; or at the river Magdalena, ex Willd. P. rufescens,
Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 192. but not of Kunth.
Small-flowered Psychotria. Shrub.
36 P. SUBTOMENTOSA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 61. t. 210.
f. a.) clothed with downy tomentum ; branchlets bluntly tetra-
gonal ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute ; stipulas connate at the
base, acutely bifid at the apex ; corymbs pedunculate, trifid,
bearing almost sessile crowded flowers at the tops of the branch-
lets ; corollas hairy. Jj . S. Native of the Andes of Peru, in
mountain groves. Leaves 3 inches long, white beneath. Sti-
pulas glandular. Calyx and corolla blue. Bracteas subulate.
Cephases subtomentosa, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 749.
Subtomentose Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
* * Species natives of Brazil.
37 P. A'LBA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 58. t. 205. f. a.)
smoothish ; branchlets compressed ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute
at both ends, beset with rows of hairs along the nerves beneath,
and often foveolate in the axils of the nerves ; stipulas ovate-
oblong, undivided, rather concrete ; panicles pedunculate, ter-
minal, shorter than the leaves, with the branches opposite ; calyx
short, truncate ; berries ovate. ^ . S. Native of South America,
especially in tropical Brazil, Guayaquil, and Andes of Peru.
Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 19. P. ardisiaefolia, H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer, 3. p. 359. Bartl. in herb. Hsenke.
P. densiflora, Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 189. P.
patula, Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 189. P. ardisise-
folia, P. patula, and P. alba, Spreng. Leaves 6-8 inches long.
Stipulas obovate, hairy at the base. Bracteas conniving, ovate,
acute. Flowers and berries white.
Var. ft, tonsa (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnasa. 4. p. 19.) leaves
glabrous, nearly obovate, few-veined, f? . S. Native of Brazil,
near Rio Janeiro.
J¥/iite-betried Psychotria. Shrub 12 feet.
38 P. LEIOCA'RPA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 22.)
4 F 2
588
RUBIACE.E. CLXXI. PSYCHOTRIA.
smoothish ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends,
membranous ; stipulas rather concrete, bidentate on both sides ;
cymes pedunculate, terminal : with the branchlets slender, oppo-
site or verticillate, downy ; flowers tetrandrous, rarely pentan-
drous ; calyx 5-lobed ; fruit globose, ribless. T? . S. Native
of tropical Brazil.
Var. ft, extratropica (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnasa. 4. p. 22.)
cymes quite glabrous ; flowers triandrous or tetrandrous ; caly-
cine teeth unequal. Jj . S. Native of the south of Brazil,
without the tropic. Perhaps a proper species.
Smooth-fruited Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
39 P. NiTiDULA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 25.)
quite glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, on very short
petioles ; stipulas triangular, acute, at length bifid, permanent ;
cymes terminal, pedunculate, length of leaves of 5 compressed
rays, 4 of them in a whorl, and the other in the centre of these
4 ; calyx acutely 5-toothed. Jj . S. Native of tropical Brazil.
Leaves 3-4 inches long, and 10-18 lines broad. Flowers small,
pedicellate. Fruit unknown.
Shining-leaved Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
40 P. FORMOSA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 21.)
leaves glabrous, obovate or elliptic, short-acuminated, cuneated
at the base, of the consistence of parchment ; stipulas ovate,
acute, small, deciduous ; panicles terminal, pedunculate, loose,
longer than the leaves, downy or hairy ; lobes of the corolla
acute, bearded at the apex. T; • S. Native of tropical Brazil.
Very like P. dlba, and the cicatrices of the stipulas are beset with
rufous villi, as in it.
Beautiful Psychotria. 'Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
41 P. CUSPIDA'TA (Bred, ex Willd. in Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 192.) smooth and glabrous; leaves oval, cuneated at
the base, acuminated at the apex, scrobiculately villous in the
axils when old ; stipulas bidentate, truncate ; panicles terminal,
pedunculate, 3 times shorter than the leaves, with compressed
branches, which are dilated at the ramifications. Tj . S. Na-
tive of tropical Brazil, and at Caraccas. Allied to P. nonatehol-
des and P. cornifolia.
Cuspidated-leaved Psychotria. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
42 P. NONATELIO!DES (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 26.)
smooth and glabrous ; branchlets compressed ; leaves lanceolate,
acute at the base, and long-acuminated at the apex, membran-
ous ; stipulas 2-lobed, permanent ; cymes racemose, terminal,
one-half shorter than the leaves ; pedicels 3-flowered : middle
flower and one of the lateral ones tribracteate. I? . S. Native
of tropical Brazil, and at Caraccas. P. involucrata, Willd.
herb. Fruit unknown. Habit of P. cornifolia.
Nonatelia-like Psychotria. Shrub.
43 P. NOXIA (St. Hil. pi. rem. bras. p. 234. t. 21. f. a.)
branchlets compressed, furnished with 2 rows of hairs ; leaves
lanceolate, acuminated, on short petioles, approximate, glabrous;
stipulas short, bipartite ; flowers 2-4 in a fascicle, sessile, brac-
teate, terminal, and axillary ; bracteas acuminated, ciliated ;
fruit elliptic. J? . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of
Minas Geraes. This species is supposed to be hurtful to ani-
mals who eat it.
Hurtful Psychotria. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
44 P. ELLIPTICA (Ker. bot. reg. t. 607. but not of Willd.)
glabrous ; leaves elliptic, attenuated at both ends, shining, mem-
branous ; stipulas sheathing, ovate, rather erosely fringed, deci-
duous; cymes terminal, sessile, tripartite, with trichotomously
panicled branches, shorter than the leaves. Tj . S. Native of
Brazil. Flowers short, white. Calyx cup-shaped, slightly
toothed.
Elliptic-leaved Psychotria. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1821. Sh.
3-4 feet.
45 P. CH^ENOTRICHA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 509.) quite glabrous ;
branchlets compressed ; leaves elliptic, acuminated at both ends,
smooth ; stipulas short, bifid at both sides ; corymbs terminal,
sessile, with umbellate branches, much shorter than the leaves, each
branch bearing 4-5 flowers at the apex ; corollas glabrous on the
outside, but villous in the throat. fj . S. Native of Brazil, at
Bahia, in sand by the sea-side, where it was collected by Salz-
mann. Flowers cream-coloured. Anthers copper-coloured,
sessile in the throat of the corolla among the villi. Style a little
exserted.
Gaping-haired Psychotria. Shrub.
46 P. BARBIFLORA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 509.) quite glabrous ;
branchlets compressed ; leaves oval-ovate, acute at the base,
acuminated at the apex, shining above ; stipulas combined at the
base, biaristate ; peduncles terminal, very short, densely corym-
bose at the apex, bracteate under the flowers ; corolla glabrous
outside, with the lobes of the limb hairy above. Fj . S. Native
of Brazil, on hills about Bahia, where it was collected by Salz-
mann. Style exserted. Anthers inclosed. Fruit black, globose,
a little furrowed.
Bearded-flowered Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
47 P. BAHIE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 509.) quite glabrous ;
leaves elliptic, attenuated at the base, acuminated at the apex,
shining above ; stipulas rather concrete at the base, and furnished
with 2 ligulae on both sides, lanceolate, acuminated; peduncles
terminal, one-half shorter than the leaves, racemosely corymbose
at ths apex ; corollas beardless. fj . S. Native of Brazil,
about Bahia, where it was collected by Salzmann. Shrub 3 feet
high. Flowers white, probably dioecious. Branches compressed.
Var. a, styldsa (D. C. 1. c.) style exserted ; anthers inclosed ;
fruit globose, sub-didymous, hardly furrowed.
Var. fl, stammea (D. C. 1. c.) style inclosed ; anthers ex-
serted. Perhaps a proper species, or the male variety of the
preceding.
Bahia Psychotria. Shrub 3 feet.
48 P.? SAMBU'CINA (Link, in Roam, et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
188.) glabrous: leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, petiolate ;
stipulas deciduous ; branches of the panicle glabrous, verticillate,
3 times shorter than the leaves. fj . S. Native of Brazil.
Leaves a span long, and 3-4 inches broad, of a livid black colour
in the dried state.
Elder-like Psychotria. Shrub.
49 P. LONGIFOLIA (Hoffmans. ex Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 190.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, cuneately at-
tenuated at the base ; stipulas bifid ; panicles terminal. Tj . S.
Native of Brazil. Leaves a foot long. Perhaps the same as
P. racembsa.
Long-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
50 P. GRANDIFOLIA (Hoffinans. ex Willd. in Room, et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 190.) leaves ovate, acute; stipulas bifid, obtuse;
flowers panicled. Pj . S. Native of Brazil. Leaves half a foot
long. Corollas yellow. Very like P. latifolia, but differs in
the form of the stipulas.
Great-leaved Psychfctria. Shrub.
* * * Species natives of Guiana.
51 P. MAPUVRIA (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 187.) gla-
brous ; leaves obovate, each ending in a short blunt acumen,
cuneated at the base ; stipulas ovate-roundish, deciduous ; pani-
cles terminal, shorter than the leaves ; fruit ovate-globose, stri-
ated, fj . S. Native of French Guiana, on the banks of rivers.
Mapouria Guianensis, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 175. t. 67. Simira
nitida, Poir. diet. 7. p. 196. P. nitida, Willd. spec. 1. p. 963.
Leaves 8 inches long, and 4-5 broad. Corollas white, having
the limb longer than the tube. Stamens filiform, exserted.
Stigma bilamellate.
Mapuria Psychotria. Shrub 7 to 8 feet.
RUBIACE.E. CLXXI. PSVCHOTRIA.
589
52 P. MAPOURIOIDES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 509.) glabrous ; leaves
elliptic, cuneated at the base, short-acuminated at the apex ;
stipulas obovate, foliaceous, deciduous, length of the petioles ;
panicles rising from the forks of the branches, pedunculate,
hardly shorter than the leaves ; fruit ovate, striated. Pj . S.
Native of French Guiana, where it was collected by Patris.
Very nearly allied to P. Mapouria, but differs from that species
in the above characters, besides in the longer leaves, larger sti-
pulas, and in the peduncle of the fructiferous panicle being 4
inches long.
Mapoitria-like Psychotria. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
53 P. SIMIRA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 187.) glabrous;
leaves elliptic-ovate, abruptly acuminated, with parallel veins,
paler beneath ; stipulas ovate, acuminated, deciduous; panicles
erect, on short peduncles, one- half shorter than the leaves ; ber-
ries oval. Tj . S. Native of French Guiana, in humid parts
of woods. Simira tinctoria, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 170. t. 05. P.
parviflora, Willd. spec. 1. p. 962. Bark red on the inside.
Leaves 14 inches long, and 6 broad, with the nerves red beneath.
Branches of the panicle short. Corolla white, with rounded
segments, ex Aubl., but acute segments, ex Rich., shorter
than the stamens. The bark of this shrub is used to dye silk
and cotton of a red colour. Simira is the Guiana name of the
tree.
Simira Psychotria. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
54 P. PATRISII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 510.) glabrous; leaves
elliptic-oblong, acuminated at both ends; stipulas elliptic, acutish,
deciduous ; panicles pedunculate, a little shorter than the leaves,
having the branches and branchlets opposite ; fruit ovate, stri-
ated, terminated by a short conical horn. Jj . S. Native of
French Guiana, where it was collected by Patris, along with
many other species. Branches terete. Leaves 5-6 inches long,
and 2 or 2^ broad. From the stipulas and habit, this species
comes near to P. Mapuria.
Patris's Psychotria. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
55 P. SORORIA (D. C. 1. c.) glabrous; leaves elliptic-oblong,
acuminated at both ends ; stipulas triangularly-elliptic, acute,
deciduous ; panicles terminal, pedunculate, hardly shorter than
the leaves, with the branches and branchlets opposite ; fruit
nearly globose, striated, truncate at the apex, tj . S. Native
of French Guiana, where it was collected by Patris. Very
nearly allied to P. Patruii, but the berries are fewer, and larger
round, without horns, and crowned by the 5 small teeth of the
calyx.
Sister Psychotria. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
56 P. FICIOE'MMA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 510.) glabrous ; leaves
oval, acuminated at both ends ; stipulas oblong, acuminated, de-
ciduous ; panicles pedunculate, longer than the leaves, having
the brandies and branchlets opposite ; fruit ovate, striated,
^ . S. Native of French Guiana, where it was collected by
Patris. The buds and stipulas are oblong and acute, and very
much like those of the fig-tree. Peduncle of the panicle 3 inches
long. Fruit small. Allied to P. Simira.
fig-budded Psychotria. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
57 P. RACEMOSA (A. Rich. act. soc. hist. nat. par. 1792. p.
107.) glabrous ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated at both ends,
shining beneath ; stipulas bifid, with the lobes acuminated ;
racemes terminal, pedunculate, straight, one half shorter than the
leaves; rachis of the raceme angular, downy ; fruit compressed,
coarsely ribbed. Pj . S. Native of French Guiana. Leaves
10 inches long, and 3 broad, on petioles which are nearly an inch
long. Flowers unknown.
.Racemose-flowered Psychotria. Shrub.
58 P. FLEXUOSA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 966.) glabrous, sub-
herbaceous ; branches compressed ; leaves oval, acuminated, on
short petioles, membranous ; stipulas bipartite, acuminated,
equal in length to the petioles; panicles terminal, racemose,
pedunculate, shorter than the leaves ; berries globose, com-
pressed, rather didymous. Tj . S. Native of Cayenne, in ste-
rile places. Nonatelia paniculata, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 181. t. 70.
f. 2. Flowers white. Berries violaceous.
Flexuous Psychotria. Shrub 2 feet.
59 P. DEFLE'XA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 510.) glabrous; branches
and peduncles compressed ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, or oval-
lanceolate, acuminated at the apex, and acute at the base, mem-
branous ; stipulas twin on both sides, lanceolate, hardly joined
at the base ; panicles pedunculate, shorter than the leaves, with
reflexed compressed branchlets, which are bearded in the axils ;
flowers small, tetramerous. 1? . S. Native of French Guiana,
where it was collected by Patris. Very nearly allied to P. fiex-
ubsa, but differs in the flowers being tetramerous and tetran-
drous.
ZJe/fexerf-peduncled Psychotria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
60 P. PANICULA'TA (Willd. spec. l.p. 970.) glabrous; leaves
ovate, acuminated at both ends, veiny ; stipulas connate, biden-
tate ; panicles terminal, erect ; berries globose, compressed, sub-
didymous. Jj . S. Native of Surinam and other parts of South
America.
Var. /3, oblongata (D. C. prod. 4. p. 510.) leaves oblong ;
panicles weak. fj . S. Native of French Guiana, where it was
collected by Patris. Nerves of the leaves and peduncles yel-
lowish. Panicles the length of the leaves.
Pnnic/erf-flowered Psychotria. Tree, tall.
61 P. BRACTEA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 510.) glabrous; leaves
oblong, acuminated, almost sessile, stiff, shining above, with
revolute margins ; stipulas twin on both sides, linear, acumi-
nated, longer than the petioles, which are very short; cymes
trichotomous, on short peduncles ; bracteas oblong, many, under
the flowers ; fruit nearly globose, striated. fj . S. Native of
French Guiana, where it was collected by Patris. This is a very
distinct species. Leaves 3 inches long, and 8-9 lines broad.
Petioles 1-2 lines long. Peduncle of the cyme compressed, 9-10
lines long.
Bracteate-fiovrere<\ Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
62 P. PLATY'PODA (D. C. 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves oval or ob-
long, acuminated, with parallel nerves ; stipulas connate, short,
bidentate on both sides; cymes terminal, 4 parted, on very
short peduncles, girded by 4 large ovate bracteas, having the
branches compressed so much as to be 2-edged, the secondary
branches bearing the flowers at their tops ; fruit round, de-
pressed, coarsely ribbed. ^. S. Native of French Guiana,
where it was collected by Patris. The leaves and peduncles
become yellowish on drying. Leaves 5-6 inches long, and 2-3
broad. Petioles 4-6 lines long.
Broad-pedunclcd Psychotria. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
63 P. BUE'VIPES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 511.) glabrous; branch-
lets compressed ; leaves elliptic, acuminated at both ends, shin-
ing above ; stipulas twin on both sides, linear, acuminated,
hardly joined at the base ; cymes irregularly branched, on short
peduncles, rather bracteate ; fruit roundish, compressed, pro-
foundly ribbed. T? . S. Native of French Guiana. Fructi-
ferous cymes equal in length to the attenuated part of the
base of the leaves. Leaves 5 inches long, and 2 broad. Peti-
oles 1-3 lines long.
Short-peduncled Psychotria. Shrub.
* * * * Species natives of Columbia.
64 P. CARTHAGENE'NSIS (Jacq. amer. p. 65. t. 174. f. 22.)
glabrous ; leaves obovate or elliptic, rather coriaceous, attenu-
ated at both ends ; stipulas ovate, rather membranous, rufous,
deciduous ; peduncles elongated, corymbose, trichotomous, rising
from the forks of the branches ; throat of the corolla villous ;
590
RUBIACE^E. CLXXI. PSYCHOTRIA.
berries ovate, fy . S. Native of Carthagena, among bushes,
ex Jacq. ; and of St. Domingo, ex Bertero. P. Carthagen6nsis,
Spreng. ex Balb. Corollas white, having the tube much ex-
ceeding the limb, which is said to be 6-7-cleft, and the stamens
are 6-7, according to Jacquin. Berries red, crowned by the
calyx, which is of the same colour. Willdenow says that the
stipulas are emarginate ; but they are probably entire and
obtuse.
Carthagena Psychotria. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
65 P.? CALYCINA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 356.)
glabrous ; branchlets compressed ; leaves lanceolate or oblong,
long-acuminated, narrow at the base, membranous ; stipulas ob-
long, obtuse ; corymbs pedunculate, trichotomous, spreading ;
calyxes cucullately spathaceous, cleft on one side, fy . S. Na-
tive of New Granada. Calyx campanulate, S-toothed, one half
shorter than the corolla. On account of the form of the calyx,
this plant does not agree with the present genus, but the fruit is
unknown.
Large-calyxed Psychotria. Shrub.
66 P. SALICIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 360.
but not of Willd.) glabrous ; branchlets compressed ; leaves lan-
ceolate, acuminated at both ends, membranous ; stipulas oblong,
acute, fascescent ; panicles pedunculate, with opposite, much-
spreading branches ; fruit spherical. Pj . S. Native of New
Granada.
Willow-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
67 P. A'NCEPS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 360.)
glabrous ; branches 2 -edged ; leaves oblong, acuminated at both
ends, shining above, scrobiculate in the axils of the veins be-
neath ; stipulas ovate, acutish ; cymes pedunculate, trichoto-
mous, spreading ; flowers sessile, usually by threes ; fruit ovate,
fj . S. Native of New Granada, in temperate places, near the
cataract of Tequendama.
ZVo-erfgerf-branched Psychotria. Shrub.
68 P. LU'CIDA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 361.
t. 288. but not of Willd.) glabrous ; branches 2-edged ; leaves
lanceolate-oblong, acuminated at both ends, coriaceous, shining
above ; stipulas ovate, acute, deciduous ; corymbs pedunculate,
dichotomous, spreading ; bracteoles and teeth of the calyx cili-
ated ; fruit nearly globose. Jj . S. Native of New Granada,
on the banks of the river Magdalena, near Honda. P. vibur-
noides, in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 189. but not of Kunth.
Flowers usually by threes, sessile, about the size of those of the
privet.
Shining-leaved Psychotria. Tree 20 feet.
69 P. CORNIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 362.)
glabrous ; branchlets terete ; leaves almost sessile, ovate-rhom-
boid, acuminated, cuneated at the base, membranous ; corymbs
pedunculate, terminal, bifid, divaricate ; fruit roundish, com-
pressed. ^ . S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco, near May-
pures. Stipulas and flowers unknown. Perhaps a distinct
genus.
Dogwood-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
70 P. VIBURNOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
361 . but not of Willd.) glabrous ; branchlets compressed ; leaves
oblong, acuminated at both ends, coriaceous, shining above ;
stipulas ovate, acute, deciduous; cymes pedunculate, of 4 rays,
spreading ; bracteoles and teeth of the calyx ciliated. I? . S.
Native on the banks of the Orinoco, near the cataract of Atures.
Very like P. lucida. .
Viburnum-like Psychotria. Shrub.
71 P. BORJE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 557.)
smoothish ; branchlets compressed ; leaves lanceolate, acumi-
nated at both ends, membranous, with undulated margins, shin-
ing a little ; stipulas ovate, acute ; cymes pedunculate of 5 rays,
spreading, the rays clothed with powdery down. ^ . S. Na-
tive in woods, on the banks of the Orinoco, near San-Borja. P.
ligustrina, Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 188. Nearly
allied to P. rugulosa, but the flowers are smaller, &c. Leaves
glabrous on both surfaces according to Kunth, but according to
Willdenow the leaves are downy underneath.
San-Borja Psychotria. Shrub.
72 P. GLAUCE'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
558.) branchlets terete, hairy; leaves oblong or lanceolate-ob-
long, acuminated, acute at the base, with sub-undulated mar-
gins, rather coriaceous, glabrous, glaucescent beneath, foveolate
in the axils of the veins beneath, and downy on the veins ; sti-
pulas ovate, acuminated ; cymes pedunculate of 5 spreading
rays ; pedicels hairy ; fruit nearly globose-elliptic. P? . S.
Native on the banks of the Orinoco, and near the city of An-
gostura. P. divaricata, Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3.
p. 191.
Glaucescent Psychotria. Shrub 1 0 to 1 5 feet.
73 P. RUFE'SCENS (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 741.) branchlets, sti-
pulas, peduncles, petioles, and nerves of the leaves clothed with
rusty hairs ; leaves obovate-oblong, acuminated, narrow at the
base ; stipulas oval, obtuse ; cymes sessile, of 3-4 rays or
branches, the rays bearing almost sessile, crowded flowers at
their tops. I? . S. Native of South America.
Far. a, ferrugtnea (D. C. prod. 4. p. 512.) branches sub-
trigonal ; flowers conglomerate ; stipulas acutish, half an inch
long. J; . S. Native of New Andalusia, near Caripe. The
corolla is said to be white, with a villous throat and reflexed
lobes. Fruit unknown. P. rufescens, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 3. p. 364. but not of Willd. Bertiera ferruginea,
Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 227.
Far. fi, hirta (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets compressed; flowers
usually by threes ; stipulas obtuse. T? . S. Native of New
Granada, on the Andes, about Quindiu. P. hirta, H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 364. but not of Willd. Corolla
hairy outside. Berry oblong.
Far. y, Hcenkeana (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets compressed ; sti-
pulas obtuse, hairy in the young state, and glabrous in the adult
state ; flowers conglomerate ; corollas hairy outside ; berries
ovate-oblong. Ij . S. Native of Mexico. P. rufescens, Bartl.
Rufescent Psychotria. Shrub.
74 P. DIERVILLOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
358.) clothed with fine hairy tomentum ; branchlets compressed ;
leaves ovate-acuminated, rounded at the base, membranous, gla-
brous above ; stipulas oblong, obtuse ; cymes pedunculate of 4
spreading rays ; pedicels and calyxes hairy. Tj . S. Native of
South America, near Angostura. Petioles glabrous. Stipulas
equal. Lobes of the corolla revolutely reflexed. Fruit un-
known.
Diervilla-like Psychotria. Shrub.
75 P. ORINOCE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 512.) leaves on short
petioles, roundish-ovate, acute, shining ; stipulas 2-lobed ; co-
rymbs divaricate. Tj . S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco.
P. cornifblia, Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 191. but
not of Kunth.
Orinoco Psychotria. Shrub.
76. P. LATIFOLIA (Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 189.)
leaves ovate, acute at both ends, ribbed ; stipulas acutely biden-
tate ; panicles terminal, elongated. (? . S. Native on the banks
of the Orinoco, in shady places. Humb. et Bonpl. Leaves a
foot long, very broad, shining on both surfaces, downy on the
veins beneath. Branches of the panicle crowded, erect, ex Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 745.
Broad-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
77 P. LSVIGA'TA (Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 190.)
leaves oblong-ovate, petiolate, tapering at the base, glabrous ;
stipulas bidentate ; panicle terminal. ^ • S. Native of South
RUBIACE^E. CLXXI. PSYCHOTRIA.
591
America, at the river Atabapo. Humb. et Bonpl. This is said
to be the same as Palicourea speciosa, by Spreng.
Smooth Psychotria. Shrub.
78 P. HUNDE'NSIS (Willd. in Roem. et Scliultes, syst. 5. p.
189.) leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends, rather membran-
ous ; stipulas oblong, obtuse ; panicle trichotomously corymbose.
\l . S. Native of New Granada, on the banks of the Magda-
lena, near Honda, or Hunda. Palicourea mitis is joined with
this by Spreng. but for what reason we know not.
Honda Psychotria. Shrub.
79 CUMANE'NSIS (Willd. in Roam, et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 191.)
leaves oblong ; stipulas ovate, acute ; cymes few-flowered. T? . S.
Native of Cumana, Humb. et Bonpl ; and Trinidad, G. Don.
Flowers yellow.
Cumana Psychotria. Clt. 1824. Shrub 10 feet.
80 P. SESSILIFLOIIA (Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
191.) herbaceous ; leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends ; sti-
pulas emarginately bidentate ; flowers terminal, crowded, sessile.
1£. S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco, Humb. et Bonpl.
Herb half a foot high. Flowers white.
Sessile-flowered Psychotria. PI. half a foot.
* * # * »
A species native of Panama.
81 P. FURCA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 512.) smoothish ; branches
bifurcate, terete ; branchlets compressed ; peduncles, petioles,
and nerves of the leaves roughish ; leaves ovate-oblong, acumi-
nated ; stipulas bidentate, small, acute ; heads on short pedun-
cles ; pedicels thick, very short ; bracteas 4, linear, spreading,
fj . S. Native of Panama, where it was collected by Haenke.
Cephae'lis furcata, Bartl. in herb. Haenke. Fruit ovate-globose,
compressed, furrowed. Flowers unknown. Habit of Cephce"lis
oblonga, but the inflorescence and fruit are like that of P. platy-
poda.
Forked-branched Psychotria. Shrub.
****** Species natives of Mexico.
82 P. BIARISTA TA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 513.) glabrous; branchlets a little compressed; leaves ob-
long, or obovale-oblong, attenuated at both ends, coriaceous ;
stipulas short, broadly ovate, biaristate, deciduous ; cymes on
short peduncles of 3-4 rays, much shorter than the leaves ; fruit
nearly globose. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Leaves 2 inches
long, and 9 lines broad. Petioles 1-2 lines long.
Two-awwerf-stipulated Psychotria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
83 P. MO'LLIS (Poir. diet. 5. p. 702. 1 Bartl. in herb. Haenke,
ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 513.) branchlets nearly terete ; peduncles
and nerves of leaves downy ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated
at both ends, membranous, when young downy, but in the adult
state glabrous above ; stipulas ovate, acutely bidentate ; panicle
corymbose, crowded, pedunculate, shorter than the leaves ; co-
rolla with a short tube, blunt erect lobes, and a hairy throat.
Ij . S. Native of Mexico. Allied to P. hoiizontalis var. ft.
P. mollis, Spreng. in herb. Balb. should be excluded from the
present order. The plant of Poirett is probably distinct from
that of Bartl.
Soft Psychotria. Shrub.
84 P. HEBE'CLADA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 513.) branchlets, pe-
tioles, panicles, and nerves of leaves downy ; leaves elliptic-ob-
long, acuminated at both ends ; stipulas acutely bifid ; panicles
erect, ovate, with the rachi compressed, and the branches oppo-
site, fj . S. Native of Mexico. P. pubescens, Bartl. in herb.
Haenke. It differs from P. pubescens in the stipulas being more
acute, in the panicles not being corymbose, in the rachi of the
panicles being compressed, and in the bracteoles being shorter.
Flowers unknown. Berries globose, compressed, downy, crowned,
striated in the dry state.
Hairy-branched Psychotria. Shrub.
85 P. AURE'OLA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
513.) clothed with velvety down ; branchlets from compressed to
terete ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends : veins
parallel, and are as well as the nerve yellowish ; stipulas broad,
ovate, drawn out each into a setaceous acumen at the apex, which
is sometimes undivided, and sometimes biaristate ; corymbs pe-
dunculate, trichotomous ; calyx 5-toothed, and are, as well as the
corollas, downy. Ij . S. Native of Mexico. Branches and
leaves yellowish in the dried state. Leaves 2 or Zy inches long,
and 9-10 lines broad. Petioles a line long.
Golden Psychotria. Shrub.
86 P. SCABRIU'SCUIA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 513.) branchlets a little compressed ; young leaves and pe-
duncles clothed with very fine down ; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
attenuated at both ends, at length glabrous on the upper surface ;
stipulas ovate, biaristate, shorter than the petioles ; corymbs
trichotomous, pedunculate, shorter than the leaves ; fruit glo-
bosely didymous. Tj . S. Native of Mexico, about Acapulco.
Allied to P. aureola. Peduncles often changed into lateral elon-
gated pseudo-axillary branches.
Roughish Psychotria. Shrub.
87 P. MEXICA'NA (Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
192.) leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends, rather membra-
nous ; stipulas bipartite, acute ; panicles narrow, terminal. fy .
5. Native of Mexico. Humb. et Bonpl. This plant is re-
ferred to Palicourea fastigiata by Sprengel, who is probably
correct.
Mexican Psychotria. Shrub.
88 P. PADIFO'LIA (Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 189.)
leaves oblong, acuminated, pilose on the veins beneath ; stipulas
bipartite, linear-subulate ; panicles corymbose, terminal. \j . S.
Native of Mexico, about Xalappa. Humb. et Bonpl.
Bird-cherry -leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
* A species native of Florida.
89 P. LANCEOLA'TA (Nutt. in Sill. amer. journ. 5. p. 290.)
branches and under sides of leaves clothed with rusty down ;
leaves lanceolate, acuminated at both ends"; stipulas stem-clasp-
ing, roundish, deciduous, sphacelate ; corymbs terminal, tricho-
tomous from the base. ^ • S. Native of Eastern Florida.
Leaves 2-3 inches long. Berries ovate, red.
Lanceolate-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
********
A species native of the Bahamas.
90 P. UNDA TA (Jacq. hort. schcenbr. 3. p. 5. t. 260. fragm.
101.) glabrous; leaves oval-lanceolate or oblong, acuminated at
both ends, undulated ; stipulas connate, ovate, deciduous, a little
shorter than the petioles ; cymes terminal, sessile, tripartite, with
trichotomous branches ; corolla with a naked throat, but the
tube is villous at the origin of the filaments. T? . S. Native
of the Bahama Islands. Leaves acute at both ends, wavy,
shining above, 3-4 inches long. Corollas white, with reflexed
segments. Berries small, roundish, red.
JFa»y-leaved Psychotria. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
**#»*****
Species natives of the West India Islands.
91 P. FLORIBU'NDA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
359.) glabrous; branchlets compressed ; leaves elliptic-oblong,
acuminated at both ends, coriaceous ; stipulas oblong, obtuse ;
cymes pedunculate, of 6 rays, much branched, diffuse: the rays
again divided into 4-5 rays ; bracteas and calycine teeth hairy ;
stamens length of the lobes of the corolla. Jj . S. Native of
South America, in the province of Carthagena near Turbaco ? ex
592
RUBIACE.E. CLXXT. PSYCHOTRIA.
Kunth ; in the Island of Martinico, ex Sieb. ; and of Guada-
loupe, ex Perrottet.
Bundle-flowered Psychotria. Shrub.
92 P. TEHUIF6LIA (Swartz, prod. p. 43. fl. ind. occ. 1. p.
402.) glabrous ; leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends, mem-
branous ; stipulas ovate, deciduous, bifid, with acuminated lobes;
panicles erect, almost sessile, shorter than the leaves ; throat of
corolla villous. I? . S. Native of Hispaniola, among bushes.
Leaves with an obtuse acumen, ex Swartz. Panicles trichoto-
mous. Flowers small, white. Berries oblong, glabrous. — P.
glabrata, Sieb. fl. mart. no. 73. does not differ from the plant of
Swartz, unless in the leaves being acutely acuminated. P. lauri-
f olia, Bertero, collected in Hispaniola, has the leaves acute at the
apex, and the nerves of the leaves beset with rusty down under-
neath. In both, however, there are rufous cilia in the axils of
the leaves and stipulas.
Thin-leaved Psychotria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
93 P. NERVOSA (Swartz, prod. p. 43. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 403.)
glabrous ; leaves ovate, acute at the base, and acuminated at the
apex, veined, a little undulated ; stipulas oblong, acuminated,
etnarginate, deciduous ; corymbs tripartite, with trichotomously
panicled branches ; throat of corolla villous ; berries oblong.
fj . S. Native of Jamaica, among bushes. P. stipulacea,
Swartz, in herb. L'Her. Branches a little compressed. Pani-
cles terminal and axillary, shorter than the leaves. Stipulas
large, rusty.
Nerved-]enved Psychotria. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
94 P. LA'XA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 407. but not of Ruiz et
Pav.) glabrous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, hardly nerved, on
very short petioles ; stipulas ovate, acuminated, deciduous ;
corymbs terminal, tripartite from the base, trichotomous, having
the branches and pedicels rather capillary and loose ; berries
oblong. >2 . S. Native of Jamaica, among bushes on the moun-
tains. Stipulas small, subciliated. Fruit oblong, acuminated at
both ends. Branches terete. Leaves 1-2 inches long.
Zoose-corymbed Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
95 P. OLIGO'TRICHA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 514.) glabrous ; leaves
elliptic, acuminated at both ends, membranous, hairy in the axils
of the veins ; stipulas ovate, membranous, rufous, deciduous ;
corymbs sessile, tripartite, having the branches trichotomous ;
throat of corolla bearded. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica, Porto-
Rico, Martinique, &c. P. horizontalis, Spreng. in herb. Balb.
It differs from P. horizontalis in the nerves of the leaves being
glabrous, in the throat of the corolla being bearded, not naked ;
and in the corymbs being sessile, not pedunculate. Very nearly
allied (o P. undata and P. chimarrhoides.
Few-haired Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
96 P. CHIMARRHOI'DES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 514.) glabrous ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, membranous ;
stipulas ovate, obtuse, rusty, deciduous, length of the petioles ;
cymes terminal, sessile, tripartite : with the branchlets 3 times
shorter than the leaves. Jj . S. Native of Guadaloupe and
Trinidad, ex Sieb. fl. trin. no. 256 ; and of Cuba. Fruit oval,
striated, crowned by the 5-toothed calyx. Leaves 3 or 3-|-
inches long, and 7-9 lines broad. Very nearly allied to P. un-
data, but differs in the leaves being flat, and one-half narrower ;
and in the fruit being oval, not spherical.
Chimarrhis-l'tke Psychotria. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
97 P. CAPITELLA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 514.) branehlets com-
pressed, glabrous ; leaves elliptic, a little cuneated at the base,
and acuminated at the apex, membranous, glabrous ; stipulas
drawn out into 2 setaceous ligulse ; peduncles terminal, hairy,
bearing three nearly sessile downy bracteate heads of flowers,
one-half shorter than the leaves. f; . S. Native of Trini-
dad. Sieb. fl. trin. no. 236. Habit different from any other
species.
Capitellate-ftowereA Psychotria. Shrub.
98 P. OLIGA'NTHA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong, cuneated at the
base, nerved : nerves prominent beneath, rather roughish ; sti-
pulas bifid, with triangular acute lobes ; peduncles terminal,
shorter than the leaves, 2-flowered at the apex ; fruit ovate.
Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo. P. lineata, Spreng. in herb.
Balb. ; and in syst. 1. p. 746. exclusive of the synonymies.
Leaves 2-3 inches long, and 9-10 lines broad. Pedicels l| inch
long. Flowers unknown. Berry striated a little.
Few-flowered Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
99 P. PORTORICE'NSIS (B.C. prod. 4. p. 515.) branches, pe-
tioles, nerves of leaves, and peduncles clothed with rusty hairs ;
leaves elliptic, acuminated at both ends, and clothed with velvety-
down on both surfaces ; stipulas ovate, large, membranous, ru-
fous, deciduous ; cymes terminal, sessile, tripartite, with the
branches trichotomous ; throat of corolla villous. fj . S. Native
of Porto-Rico, in woods by the sea-side, where it was collected
by Bertero. P. hirsuta from Porto-Rico, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
744. It differs from P. villosa and P. hirsuta in the inflores-
cence being a sessile cyme, not a pedunculate panicle.
Porto-Rico Psychotria. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
100 P. BERTERIA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 515.) leaves ovate-
oblong, acuminated at both ends, glabrous above, downy on the
nerves beneath, and branches of the panicle ; stipulas twin on
both sides, ovate, acute, hardly joined at the base ; branches and
branchlets of panicle opposite ; tube of corolla short. 17 . S.
Native of St. Domingo and Porto-Rico. Nonatelia pubescens,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 751. Leaves membranous, 7 inches long,
and 3 inches broad. Petioles 9-10 lines long; axils of leaves
somewhat ciliated. Fruit globose, furrowed.
Bertero's Psychotria. Shrub.
101 P. BRACHIA'TA (Swartz, prod. p. 45. fl. ind. occ. p. 415.)
leaves oval-oblong, acuminated at both ends, glabrous ; stipulas
oval-oblong, bluntly bidentate ; branches tetragonal ; branches
and branchlets of panicle opposite, spreadingly divaricate, downy ;
ultimate flowers by threes, girded by a double bractea. Tj . S.
Native of the south of Jamaica, on high mountains, ex Swartz ;
and of St. Domingo, ex Bertero. Nonatelia officinalis, Spreng.
in herb. Balb. Leaves downy on the veins beneath. Flowers
dirty white. Fruit deep blue, oblong.
Brachiate-panided Psychotria. Clt. 1793. Sh. 6 to 7 feet.
102 P. PUBE'SCENS (Swartz, prod. p. 44. fl. ind. occ. 1. p.
424.) branches, petioles, leaves (especially underneath), and
panicles downy ; leaves ovate, acuminated at both ends ; stipu-
las with 2 short acute teeth ; panicles cymose, spreading, length
of leaves. Jj . S. Native of Jamaica and St. Domingo, in
hedges and waste places. Psychotrophum, P. Browne, jam.
161. no. 5. Panicles trichotomous, with usually a sessile flower
in each fork. Pedicels furnished with linear opposite bracteas.
Flowers greenish yellow, downy outside ; throat of corolla vil-
lous. Berries downy, roundish, didymous, black, containing
bluish juice.
Donny Psychotria. Clt. 1812. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
103 P. HORIZONTALS (Swartz, prod. p. 44. fl. ind. occ. p.
410.) branches terete, horizontal, smooth ; leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, acute, downy beneath on the nerves, as well as the pe-
tioles and panicles ; stipulas small, ovate, deciduous, minute ;
peduncles shorter than the leaves ; panicles erect, with the
branches horizontal, and tripartite at the apex; throat of corolla
naked. Pj . S. Native of St. Domingo, in chalky dry places.
The leaves are said by Swartz to be downy beneath, and villous
on the petioles and nerves. Flowers small, dirty white : anthers
white. Berries oblong.
Var. ft, cuspidata (D. C. prod. 4. p. 515.) stipulas broad,
short, cuspidate, marcescent ; throat of corolla hairy. Tj . S.
RUBIACEiE. CLXXI. PSYCHOTRIA.
593
Native of St. Domingo, where it was collected by Bei tero. Per-
haps a proper species.
Horizontal-leaved Psychotria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
104 P. coiiYMB6sA (Swartz, prod. p. 44. fl. ind. occ. 1. p.
423.) glabrous; leaves ovate- lanceolate, acuminated, shining;
stipulas bidentate : teeth lanceolate ; corymbs trichotomous,
erect, shorter than the leaves ; peduncles anil pedicels coloured ;
throat of corolla naked. . Jj . S. Native of Jamaica, on the
mountains, ex Swartz ; Hispaniola, ex Spreng ; and Guadaloupe,
ex herb. Balb. Branches terete. Peduncles purple, as well as
the bracteas, which are subulate. Corolla purplish, tubular,
with a naked white throat. Berries globose, reddish. Perhaps
a species of Palicourea. In the specimen collected by Bertero
the tube of the corolla is 4 lines long, and the berries are round-
ish, didymous, and rather compressed, and crowned by the acute
teeth of the calyx.
Corymbose-fiowered Psychotria. Shrub 6 to 7 feet.
105 P. NUBIANS (Swartz, prod. 4. p. 515.) glabrous ; leaves
lanceolate, acute, nerved ; stipulas bidentate, marcescent, deci-
duous, acute ; corymbs terminal, pedunculate, trichotomous,
shorter than the leaves, erect when bearing the flowers, but
nutant when bearing the fruit. ^ . S. Native of Hispaniola,
on arid cretaceous hills. Corollas small, white, with acute seg-
ments ; anthers yellow. Berries round, scarlet, size of red
currants.
Nodding-corymbed Psychotria. Shrub.
106 P. CONOE'STA (Spreng. in herb. Balb. ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 515.) glabrous; leaves lanceolate, acute at the base, and
acuminated at the apex ; stipulas deciduous ; panicles pedun-
culate, trichotomous, loose ; ultimate branches of the panicle
bearing 3-4 flowers in a heap ; throat of the corolla bearded ;
anthers inclosed. lj . S. Native of Jamaica. Leaves 2-j- inches
long, and 9-10 lines broad. Petioles 2 lines long. In the axils
of the leaves and stipulas there are rufous ciliae. Panicles
longer than the leaves. Flowers small.
Crowded Psychotria. Shrub.
107 P. PA'TENS (Swartz, prod. p. 45. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 419.)
glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, rougbish, mem-
branous, distich ; stipulas bidentate; peduncles shorter than the
leaves ; panicles secund, with spreading branches ; throat of the
corolla naked. lj . S. Native of Jamaica, on the higher moun-
tains, and probably of St. Domingo, ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 746.
Young branches compressed. Flowers small, white, with a re-
flexed limb. Berries roundish, black.
Spreading-panicled Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
108 P. MYRTIPHY'LLUM (Swartz, prod. p. 44. fl. ind. occ. 1.
405.) glabrous ; leaves lanceolate-ovate, nerveless, shining, stiff;
stipulas ovate, deciduous ; branches secund ; racemes com-
pound, terminal ; throat of the corolla villous ; berries oblong.
Jj . S. Native of the north of Jamaica, in logwood forests.
Myrtiphy'llum, P. Browne, jam. p. 152. — Sloane, jam. hist. 2.
p. 102. t. 109. f. 2. The shrub has a habit like the myrtle.
Leaves an inch long, deep green, grey beneath from numerous
small dots. Branches of racemes trifid. Flowers white. Ber-
ries scarlet, with the dissepiment usually vanished at maturity.
Myrtle-leaved Psychotria. Clt. 1826. Shrub 3 feet.
109 P. PARASITICA (Swartz, prod. p. 44. fl. ind. occ. 1. p.
408.) plant sarmentose, radicant, and glabrous ; leaves ovate,
acuminated, veinless, rather succulent ; stipulas stem-clasping,
retuse, permanent ; cymes terminal and axillary, pedunculate ;
throat of the corolla downy; berries nearly globose. Tj . S.
Native of Martinique, Montserrat, St. Christopher, Dominica,
Guadaloupe, &c., parasitical upon trees. Viscoides pendulum,
Jacq. amer. p. 73. t. 51. f. 1. Branches pendulous. Cymes
trichotomous. Flowers small, white, pedicellate. Berries round,
scarlet.
VOL. III.
Parasitical Psychotria. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1802. Shrub
parasitical.
110 P. MARGINA TA (Swartz, prod. p. 43. fl. ind. occ. p. 400.)
glabrous ; leaves lanceolate-ovate, acute, margined with carti-
laginous bristles ; stipulas ovate, acuminated, entire, deciduous,
length of petioles ; panicles loose, pedunculate; anthers inclosed ;
berries ovate. Jj . S. Native of the south of Jamaica, in woods ;
and of Panama and Mexico. Bartl. in herb. Hsenke. Psychotr.
P. Browne, jam. 161. no. 6. Leaves shining above, and glau-
cescent beneath. Branches of panicle opposite, slender, 3-6-
flowered. Corollas small, white, glabrous, with a reflexed limb.
Berries black.
Marginate-]ea.\ed Psychotria. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1816.
Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
111 P. HIRSU'TA (Swartz, prod. p. 43. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 396.)
branches, panicles, petioles, and leaves clothed with rusty hairs ;
leaves lanceolate-ovate, acute ; stipulas lanceolate, undivided,
deciduous ; panicles pedunculate, spreading ; throat of corolla
villous; berries ovate, downy. Pj . S. Native of the south of
Jamaica, in woods of long standing. Branches of panicles tricho-
tomous. Flowers white. Berries red.
Hairy Psychotria. Clt. 1826. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
112 P. FCE'TENS (Swartz, prod. p. 43. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 396.)
glabrous ; leaves lanceolate-ovate, acute ; stipulas ovate, acumi-
nated, deciduous, entire ; panicles pedunculate, much spreading,
with reflexed filiform divisions ; throat of corolla villous ; an-
thers oblong, among the villi in the throat ; berries oblong. fj .
S. Native of the south of Jamaica, in woods on the mountains.
Panicle of 4 main branches, the ultimate branchlets bearing 3
flowers. Flowers small, white. Berries small, oblong, scarlet.
Stinking Psychotria. Shrub.
113 P. WE'STII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 516.) glabrous; branches
terete ; leaves oblong-elliptic, attenuated at both ends, membra-
nous ; stipulas deciduous ; corymbs pedunculate, trichotomous,
loose, diverging, having the ultimate branchlets 3-flowered ;
throat of corolla naked; corolla oblong; anthers linear ; fruit
nearly globose, crowned by the calyx. ^ . S. Native of Porto-
Rico, where it was collected by West. Leaves 4-5 inches long,
and 1-2 broad. Petioles 7-8 lines long. Branches of corymb
2 inches long, but the first branches are diverging, and about an
inch long. Calyx 5-toothed. Lobes of corolla acute.
West's Psychotria. Shrub.
114 P. POLYA'NTHA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 516.) glabrous; sti-
pulas ovate, acuminated ; leaves elliptic, acuminated at both
ends, stiff, membranous ; panicles on long peduncles, trichoto-
inously branched ; throat of corolla-bearded ; stamens glabrous ;
anthers exserted. T? . S. Native of St. Domingo, where it was
collected by Bertero. P. laurifolia, Spreng. in herb. Balb.
Superior leaves 10 inches long, and 4 broad, pale beneath. Pe-
tioles an inch long. Common peduncle of panicle 6 inches long.
Flowers very numerous, glabrous, except in the throat. Fruit
unknown.
Many-flowered Psychotria. Shrub.
115 P. CITRIFOLIA (Swartz, prod. p. 43. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 398.)
glabrous ; leaves elliptic, acuminated, rather coriaceous ; stipu-
las ovate, acuminated, permanent ; peduncles short ; branches of
panicle opposite, trichotomous ; throat of corolla villous ; berries
oblong. Pj . S. Native of the West India Islands. Branches
compressed a little. Leaves coloured like those of the orange,
3-6 inches long. Corolla white, having the throat and segments
villous. Berries large, ribbed. P. brachiata, Spreng. in herb.
Balb.
Citron-leaved Psychotria. Clt. 1793. Shrub.
116 P. LAURIFOLIA (Swartz, prod. p. 43. fl. ind. occ. 1. p.
392.) glabrous; leaves lanceolate-ovate, thickish, shining; sti-
pulas ovate, acuminated, deciduous ; panicles cymose, erect,
4G
594
. CLXXI. PSYCHOTRIA.
trichotomous ; filaments ciliated ; anthers inclosed in the bearded
throat ; berries roundish. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica and His-
paniola. Corolla white, with acute lobes. Stipulas downy.
Berries red, shining. Said to be allied to P. glabrata.
Laurel-leaved Psychotria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub
4 to 5 feet.
117 P. BRO'WNEI (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 742.) glabrous ; leaves
elliptic, attenuated at both ends, rather coriaceous, paler beneath ;
stipulas ovate, hardly mucronate, caducous, length of petioles ;
panicles pedunculate, trichotomous, rising from the forks of the
branches ; berries ovate. F? . S. Native of Porto-Rico, St.
Thomas, and Jamaica. Browne, jam. p. 160. no. 2. t. 17. f. 2.
P. Asiatica, Lam. ill. t. 161. f. 1. Allied to P. Carthaginensis,
but differs from it in the fruit being ovate, not oblong, and in
the stamens being inclosed, and in the throat of the corolla being
glabrous, ex icon. Browne.
Bronne's Psychotria. Fl. July. Clt. 1806. Sh. 4 to 5 feet.
118 P. BALBISIA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 517.) glabrous ; leaves
elliptic, acute at both ends, rather acuminated, stiffish ; stipulas
ovate, deciduous ; peduncles rising from the forks of the branches
or from their tops, equal in length to the leaves, corymbiferous
and trichotomous at the apex ; corolla with a villous throat, and
having the lobes shorter than the tube. Tj . S. Native of Ja-
maica, where it was collected by Bertero. P. lucida, Spreng. in
herb. Balb. Leaves 3 inches long and 1 Abroad. Corolla gla-
brous, except the throat, which is villous, 3 lines long. Berries
ovate.
Balbis's Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
119 P. REVOLU'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 517.) glabrous; leaves
elliptic, tapering to both ends, coriaceous, with revolute margins ;
stipulas oblong, rufous and membranous, deciduous ; corymbs
terminal, pedunculate, trichotomous, hardly longer than the
leaves ; corolla with a subvillous throat, and having the lobes
shorter than the tube, f? . S. Native of St. Domingo, where
it was collected by Bertero. P. glabrata, ex Hispaniola, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 745. no. 63. Leaves 2 or 2-| inches long, and 12-15
lines broad. Petioles 3-4 lines long. Berries ovate.
Kevolute-leaved Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
120 P. GLABRA'TA (Swartz, prod. p. 43. fl. ind. occ. 1. p.
390.) glabrous ; leaves ovate, obtuse, shining ; stipulas small,
ovate, and acute, rusty, deciduous ; panicle erect, with opposite
branches ; margin of calyx almost entire. Tj . S. Native of the
interior of Jamaica, among rocks on the mountains. P. glabrata
ex Jamaica, Spreng. P. Asiatica a, Poir. diet. 5. p. 696. but
not of Lin. Allied to P. Asiatica, but is distinct according to
Swartz. Corolla small, white, with a villous throat. Berries
oblong.
Glabrous Psychotria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810. Shrub 4
to 6 feet.
121 P. EXSE'RTA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 517.) glabrous; leaves
oblong, bluntish, cuneated at the base, coriaceous, shining above;
stipulas lanceolate, acute, rather connate at the base, deciduous ;
corymbs pedunculate, trichotomous, longer than the leaves ;
corollas glabrous ; anthers exserted. (7 . S. Native of St.
Domingo, where it was collected by Bertero. P. coriacea ex
Hispaniola, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 742. exclusive of the synonymes.
Corolla tubular, 3 lines long, with very short bluntish lobes.
Exsei to/-stamened Psychotria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
122 P. PLATYPHY'LLA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 517.) glabrous;
stipulas bipartite, with triangular acute lobes ; leaves elliptic,
acuminated at both ends, membranous ; branchlets tetragonal ;
panicles racemose, rather downy, one-half shorter than the
leaves, with opposite branches ; throat of corolla glabrous. Ij . S.
Native of Porto-Rico. P. macrophylla, Vent, in herb. Deless.
Leaves 8 inches long and 3 broad. Petioles 15-18 lines long.
Flowers white.
Broad-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
123 P. GRA'NDIS (Swartz, prod. p. 43. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 417.)
glabrous ; leaves obovate, short-acuminated, cuneated at the
base ; slipulas deltoid, with revolute margins, subulate at the
apex, permanent ; branches angular ; panicles large, peduncu-
late, with subverticillate branches. fj . S. Native of Jamaica,
in the interior and western parts of the island, among bushes on
the mountains ; and of Mexico, ex herb. Haenke. Leaves a foot
and more long, and 3 inches broad. Branches of panicle com-
pressed, usually ternately verticillate. Flowers numerous, small,
white. Throat of corolla villous. Berries ovate.
Great Psychotria. Shrub 12 to 15 feet.
124 P. PEDUNCULA'TA (Swartz, prod. p. 44. fl. ind. occ. p.
427.) glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute at the base, and
acuminated at the apex, rather wrinkled ; stipulas shorter than
the petioles, bidentate on both sides, permanent ; peduncles
longer than the leaves, cymose at the apex, dense-flowered. T? .
S. Native of the interior of Jamaica, in mountain woods. P.
attenuate, Willd. Psychotrophum, P. Browne, jam. p. 160. no.
4. Branches rather angular. Branches of panicle trichotomous,
approximate. Corolla large, cylindrical, yellowish, with a naked
throat. Berries roundish.
Pedunculate Psychotria. Clt. 1818. Tree 16 to 20 feet.
125 P. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Poir. diet. 5. p. 703.) glabrous ; leaves
narrow-lanceolate, usually obtuse at the base, and acuminated at
the apex ; stipulas bidentate, acuminated ; panicles erect, tricho-
tomous at the apex, shorter than the leaves ; berries globose.
Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Flowers unknown. Nerves of
leaves and pedicels yellow. Leaves 2-3 inches long, and an
inch broad. Border of calyx hardly toothed. Berries globose,
dark purple.
Narrow-leaved Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
126 P. BARBA'TA (Poir. diet. 5. p. 704.) plant subherbaceous,
glabrous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, membranous ; branches
compressed, rather angular ; panicles pedunculate, spreading ;
lobes of corolla obtuse ; throat of corolla villous ; anthers ex-
serted. fj . S. Native of Martinico. Leaves 2 inches long.
Ramifications of panicle tern or dichotomous. Fruit unknown.
Bearded-fiowered Psychotria. Shrub.
127 P. BI'COLOR (Bredem. ex Willd. mss. inRcem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 191.) glabrous; leaves oblong-lanceolate, on short
petioles ; stipulas bidentate, setose ; flowers panicled ; peduncles
copper-coloured. T? . S. Native of Martinico, on the banks of
mountain streams. Perhaps the same as Palicourea crocea.
Two-coloured Psychotria. Shrub.
• *••••*••• gpedes natives of South America, but in what
particular localities is unknown.
128 P. PHYTOLA'CCA (Poir. diet. 5. p. 704.) glabrous ; leaves
ovate, short-acuminated, petiolate, rather fleshy ; panicles short,
cymose ; flowers crowded ; fruit globose, fy . S. Native of
South America, ex Poir., St. Domingo, ex herb. Desf. Leaves
like those of Phytoldcca. Flowers numerous, disposed in an
irregular order.
Phytolacca-leaveA Psychotria. Shrub.
129 P. CORIA'CEA (Poir. diet. 5. p. 703.) glabrous ; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, very coriaceous, shining ; panicles few-flowered,
much shorter than the leaves, dichotomous ; corolla tubular ;
teeth of calyx and lobes of corolla obtuse. (7 . S. Native of
South America. Stems blackish. Leaves 3-4 inches long, and
2 broad. Panicles yellowish, divided into 3-4 compressed
branches, which are bifurcate at the apex. Perhaps a species of
Palicourea.
Coriaceous-leaved Psychotria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1810.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
130 P. ARISTA' TA (Willd. in Roam, et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
RUBIACEjE. CLXXI. PSYCHOTRIA.
595
191.) leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends, shining above,
but downy on the veins beneath ; stipulas connate, aristately bi-
dentate ; panicles terminal, elongated ; peduncles and pedicels
hairy, Jj . S. Native of South America, where it was collected
by Humb. and Bonpl., but is unknown to Kunth.
Awned-stipuled Psychotria. Shrub.
131 P. SPLE'NDENS (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 747.) leaves lanceo-
late, narrowed at the base, bluntish, shining ; stipulas decidu-
ous ; corymbs few-flowered, pedunculate, terminal. ^ . S. Na-
tive of South America, at the Rio Negro, where it was collected
by Humb. and Bonpl., but is unknown to Kunth. P. lucida,
Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 189.
Glittering-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
132 P. LAMPROPHY'LLA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 747.) leaves nar-
row-lanceolate, elongated, tapering to both ends, coriaceous,
shining above, quite glabrous and veinless beneath ; stipulas
short, caducous ; panicles terminal, tripartite. Tj . S. Native
of South America. P. salicifolia, Willd. in Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 190. The rest unknown.
Shining-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
133 P. ATTENUA'TA (Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
192.) leaves ovate- elliptic, long-acuminated, membranous; sti-
pulas bidentate ; cymes terminal, fj . S. Native of South
America, where it was collected by Humb. and Bonpl., but is
unknown to Kunth. It is joined with P. pedunculata by Spren-
gel, who is probably right.
Attenuated-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
134 P.? DICHO'TOMA (Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 518.) leaves ovate-oblong, acute ; stipulas bifid; spikes dicho-
tomous. Tj . S. Native of South America, where it was col-
lected by Humb. and Bonpl.
Dichotomous-spiked Psychotria. Shrub.
135 P. COMMUTA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 518.) leaves elliptic,
acute at both ends, rather membranous ; stipulas oblong, obtuse,
stem-clasping ; panicle corymbose, terminal. Tj . S. Native of
South America. Humb. and Bonpl. P. elliptica, Willd. in
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 189. but not of Ker.
Changed Psychotria. Shrub.
136 P. MEMBRANA'CEA (Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 189.) leaves obovate-oblong, acuminated, membranous; sti-
pulas ovate, acute. Tj . S. Native of South America, where it
was collected by Humb. and Bonpl.
Membranaceous-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
Species natives of Africa.
137 P. NU'BICA (Caill. et Delil. pi. afr. p. 60.) leaves elliptic,
glabrous above, acutish at both ends, with the nerves on the
.under surface prominent and downy ; stipulas triangular ; cymes
terminal, with trifid crowded branches, which are downy, as well
as the corollas ; style much exserted. Pj . S. Native of the
north of Africa, in Nubia, at Singue. Teeth of calyx 5, obtuse,
very short. Stigma turbinate, bifid. Tube of corolla campanu-
late. Fruit unknown.
Nubian Psychotria. Shrub.
138 P.? FSATHURoioEs (D. C. prod. 4. p. 518.) glabrous;
leaves oblong, acute at both ends, coriaceous, petiolate ; stipulas
ovate, obtuse, deciduous, 4 times shorter than the petioles ; pani-
cles terminal, shorter than the leaves, with opposite branches ;
calyx truncate ; corolla divided beyond the middle, fj . S.
Native of the Mauritius, where it was collected by Bory de St.
Vincent. The flowers are not well known ; and the fruit is per-
fectly unknown.
Psathura-like Psychotria. Shrub.
139 P.? OBTUSIFOLIA (Lam. ill. t. 161. f. 4. Poir. diet. 5. p.
67.) glabrous ; leaves obovate, cuneated, very blunt, tapering
into the very short petioles ; stipulas twin on both sides, some-
what concrete at the base, ending in linear points ; corymbs tri-
fid, pedunculate, much shorter than the leaves, with the branch-
lets bearing crowded sessile flowers at the apex. Tj . S. Native
of Madagascar, where it is called Maron- Ponton. Leaves 4-5
inches long and 2 broad. Berries ovate, striated.
Blunt-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
140 P. ANGUSTIFOLIA ; shrub erect, nearly simple ; leaves oval-
lanceolate, entire, acuminated ; flowers panicled, terminal. Jj . S.
Native of Sierra Leone, on the banks of rivulets. Flowers pale red.
Narrow-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
Species natives of Asia.
141 P. SE'RPENS (Lin. mant. p. 204.) plant suffruticose, much
branched, twisted, glabrous; branchlets rather compressed, but
at length becoming terete ; leaves ovate, acute at both ends,
coriaceous ; stipulas ovate, obtuse, undivided, brown, deciduous;
corymbs pedunculate, trichotomous, terminal, having the pedun-
cles and branchlets 2-edged ; berries ovate. ^ . G. Native of
China and the East Indies.
Serpentine-branched Psychotria. Shrub 2 to 6 feet.
142 P. ROXBC'RGHII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 519.) branchlets op-
posite, complanate, downy, but becoming smooth at length ;
leaves elliptic, acuminated at both ends, membranous, shining
above, downy on the nerves beneath, which are parallel ; stipu-
las oval, about equal in length to the petioles, recurved at the
apex, acutely bifid ; panicles terminal, on short peduncles ; pe-
dicels downy, compressed, umbellate ; lobes of calyx ciliated.
Jj . S. Native of the Moluccas. P. Asiatica, Lin. spec. ? ex-
clusive of the synonymes. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 160. Leaves
8-10 inches long. Flowers very small, greenish. Bracteas
small, lanceolate. Throat of corolla villous ; anthers inclosed.
Berries oval, 10-nerved (conforming to that in the figures of
Gasrtn. fruct. 1. t. 25. and Browne, jam. t. 17. f. 2.), deep red.
Roxburgh's Psychotria. Shrub.
143 P. SPH^ROCA'RPA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 161.)
glabrous ; branchlets compfessed ; leaves ovate-elliptic, acumi-
nated, coriaceous, with parallel veins ; stipulas ovate, about equal
in length to the petioles, recurved at the apex, and acutely bifid ;
corymbs pedunculate, compact, villous ; teeth of calyx subulate ;
berries globose, smooth, fj . S. Native of the East Indies, on
the hills near Silhet. Leaves 8-12 inches long, shining above.
Flowers very small, crowded. Corolla densely bearded at the
throat. Berries pale red, without ribs.
Round-fruited Psychotria. Shrub.
144 P. TRUNCATA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 162.) gla-
brous ; axils of petioles pilose ; branchlets somewhat compres-
sed ; leaves elliptic-ovate, acute, attenuated at the base, coria-
ceous, foveolate in the axils of the veins beneath ; stipulas broad-
ovate, undivided, coriaceous, deciduous ; corymbs terminal,
small, pedunculate, fleshy, bracteolate ; limb of calyx truncate ;
throat of corolla bearded. J? . S. Native of the East Indies.
Leaves 6-8 inches long and 4 broad. Petioles submarginate.
Backs of stipulas depressed. Flowers rather large, by threes,
intermediate ones sessile.
TYuncate-calyxed Psychotria. Shrub.
145 P. CONN A'TA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 163.) glabrous;
branchlets compressed ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, tapering
much at the base, almost sessile, coriaceous ; stipulas ovate,
acutely cuspidate, longer than the petioles, rather recurved at
the apex ; corymbs terminal, ovate, on long peduncles, with the
first ramifications umbellate, the rest trichotomous ; bracteas
connate at the base, ciliated, slightly lobed ; flowers by threes,
sessile ; throat of corolla bearded. J? . S. Native of the East
Indies. Leaves foveolate in the axils of the nerves beneath.
Peduncles rather compressed. Berries ovate, almost black, an-
ular when dried.
4o 2
596
RUBIACE^E. CLXXI. PSYCHOTRIA.
Connate-bractead Psychotria. Shrub.
146 P. STIPULA'CEA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 164.) gla-
brous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, coriaceous, nerved,
tapering at the base, almost sessile, smooth ; stipulas broad,
triangular, expanded into foliaceous lamina at the apex ; pa-
nicles terminal, trichotomous, shorter than the leaves ; pedicels
compressed ; flowers by threes, sessile ; lobes of calyx obtuse.
Jj. S. Native of Pulo-Penang. Leaves 7-10 inches long,
somewhat glandular in the axils of the veins beneath. On the
inside of the base of the stipulas there is a tuft of hairs, which
remains some time after the stipulas have fallen. Corolla with a
very short tube, and a bearded throat. Stamens exserted.
Large-stipuled Psychotria. Shrub.
147 P. REEVE'SII (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 164.) gla-
brous ; leaves oblong- lanceolate, acute at both ends, smooth,
glaucous, coriaceous ; stipulas broad-ovate, adpressed, with a
rounded apex ; panicles terminal, oval, small, with decussate
branches ; limb of calyx truncate ; corolla short, with a densely
bearded throat, fj . G. Native of China, from which place it
was sent to the botanic garden at Calcutta by Mr. Reeves.
Branches beset with copious small whitish dots, having the upper
extremities slightly compressed. Leaves G-7 inches long, a little
wrinkled, foveolate in the axils of the veins beneath. Panicles
almost sessile. Bracteas deciduous. Flowers small, by threes,
pea-green. Stamens concealed among the hairs in the throat of
the corolla.
Reeves's Psychotria. Shrub.
148 P. AURANTI'ACA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 165.) gla-
brous; branches flattened ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, smooth,
on short petioles ; stipulas ovate, acuminated, deciduous ; pani-
cles terminal, pedunculate, erect, with whorled branches ; flowers
by threes, middle ones sessile ; limb of calyx truncate ; corolla
with a long tube, and a villous throat. (7 . S. Native of Pulo-
Penang, Java, and Nusa-Kambanga. Blum, bijdr. p. 962.
Leaves 5-7 inches long, dotted beneath. Stipulas ending in a
long subulate acumen each. Peduncles compressed. Stamens ex-
serted. Berries obovate, as large as a cherry stone, orange-co-
loured, ex Wall, but ovate, and 10-ribbed according to speci-
mens from Java.
Orange-coloured-fruited Psychotria. Shrub.
149 P. DENTICULA'TA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 520.) stem
ascending, with a creeping base, compressed at the apex ; leaves
ovate, short-acuminated, coriaceous, shining ; stipulas ovate,
subcordate, with a toothed apex, downy outside, about equal in
length to the petioles ; panicles cymose, many flowered, downy ;
teeth of calyx subulate ; corolla rather rotate. fj . S. Native
of Nipaul, in the forest of Sanko. Stem purplish, undivided, or
sparingly dichotomous. Leaves from 6-9 inches long, upper
surface dark green, under pallid. Stipulas villous within at the
base. Panicles cymose, downy. Throat of corolla slightly
liairy. Teeth of calyx subulate. Berries globular, purple, size
of currants.
Denticulated-siipuled Psychotria. Shrub creeping.
150 P. ADENOPHY'LLA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 166.)
glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, shining, with parallel
nerves, which are glandular in the axils ; stipulas ovate, blunt,
connate at the base, deciduous ; racemes terminal, cylindrical, a
little branched at the base ; peduncles compressed ; bracteas
aristately acuminated. Fj . S. Native of the East Indies, in
Silhet. The uppermost branches dichotomous, and a little com-
pressed. Leaves 3-4 inches long, pallid beneath. Peduncles
flattened. Flowers greenish, in heaps, almost sessile. Corolla
with a short tube, a villous throat, and acute segments.
Glandular-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
151 P.? CURVIFLORA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 167.)
glabrous ; branchlets terete ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, long-
acuminated, tapering much to the base, on long petioles, mem-
branous, shining above, and pubescent on the nerves beneath,
and glandular in the axils ; stipulas ovate, obtuse, connate at the
base, sometimes furnished with 1-2 teeth at the apex, with a
series of adpressed hairs within their insertion, deciduous ;
racemes small, terminal, oval, compact, on short peduncles, much
shorter than the leaves ; corolla long, slender, tubular, with an
incurved border. Jj . S. Native of Pulo-Penang. Petioles
long. Racemes smooth, consisting of opposite approximate
more or less compound fascicles of long sessile flowers. Corollas
nearly an inch long, with lanceolate acute lobes, and a naked
throat. Anthers exserted. Filaments inserted near the middle
of the corolline tube. Perhaps a species of Chasalia or Pali-
courea.
Curved-flowered Psychotria. Shrub.
152 P. OPHIOXYLOIDES (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 1C8.)
smooth, climbing, dichotomous ; leaves lanceolate, on short peti-
oles, acuminated ; stipulas ovate, drawn out at the apex into an
acumen, which is often bifid ; corymbs small, terminal ; corollas
long, slender, tubular, with incurved lobes. J? . S. Native of
Silhet, in the East Indies. Leaves smooth, acute at the base,
about 5 inches long. Perhaps a species of Chasalia or Pali-
courea.
Snake-wood-like Psychotria. Shrub cl.
153 P. POLYNEU'RA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 520.) glabrous ;
branchlets and peduncles compressed ; leaves elliptic-ovate,
short-acuminated, coriaceous, with usually 20 pairs of opposite
lateral nerves ; stipulas ovate, drawn out into a long setaceous
acumen, deciduous ; corymbs terminal, pedunculate, one half
shorter than the leaves ; limb of the calyx with 5 short teeth ;
corolla short, with a smoothish throat. Ij . S. Native of Ni-
paul, where it was collected by Wallich. It agrees with P. au-
rantiaca in the stipulas, but differs from that plant in the short
corollas, &c. ; and from P. nervosa in the teeth of the calyx
being acute, not obtuse, nor membranous.
Many-nerved-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
154 P. WALLICHIA'NA (Spreng. cur. post. p. 79.) leaves oval,
acuminated, serrulated, nerved, glabrous ; stipulas simple ;
teeth of the calyx roundish, membranous ; panicles terminal,
glomerate. Jj. S. Native of Nipaul, Wallich. P. nervosa,
D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 137. but not of Swartz.
Wallich's Psychotria. Shrub.
155 P. VAGINA'LIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 520.) glabrous; leaves
ovate-oblong, cuspidate at the apex, attenuated at the base ; sti-
pulas entire, foliaceous, combined into a sheath-like tube, which
is bifid at the apex, having the lobes bidentate at the apex, in
front of the leaves ; -panicles terminal, pedunculate, downy, with
the rachis compressed, and the branchlets opposite ; limb of the
calyx broadly campanulate, truncate. T? . S. Native of Ceylon.
Ophioxylon arboreum, Keen, in herb. Royen. Bracteas short,
acuminated, spreading. Fruit unknown. Perhaps a species of
Chiococca.
Sheathed-stipuled Psychotria. Shrub.
156 P. MALAYA'NA (Jack, in mal. misc. 1. no. 1. p. 3.) leaves
broad-lanceolate ; stipulas undivided ; panicles terminal, corym-
bose ; throat of the corolla bearded. J? . S. Native of Pulo-
Penang, where it is called Byumbaba by the Malays. Corolla
white, with a greenish limb.
Malay Psychotria. Shrub.
157 P. TORTILIS (Blum, bijdr. p. 958.) stem herbaceous, creep-
ing at the base ; leaves ovate-oblong, attenuated, smooth above,
reticulated beneath, and rather tomentose ; stipulas ovate, bifid ;
cymes compound, pedunculate, axillary, rarely terminal ; flowers
secund; pyrenae 1 -ribbed. Ij . Tf.. S. Native of Java, on the
mountains, in humid places. Berries globose, ribbed. Perhaps
belonging to the first section of the genus.
RUBIACE.E. CLXXI. PSYCHOTRIA.
597
Twisted-stemmed. Psychotria. PL creeping.
158 P. DIVE'RGENS (Blum, bijdr. p. 959.) leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, acuminated at both ends, coriaceous, glabrous above,
pallid beneath, and downy on the veins ; stipulas bifid, ciliated,
hardly shorter than the petioles ; corymbs terminal, trichoto-
mous ; corollas funnel-shaped ; drupes oval, dry, ribbed, tj . S.
Native of Java, on the higher mountains, in woods. P. divari-
cata, Blum. cat. hort. buit. p. 53. but not of Swartz.
Diverging Psychotria. Shrub.
159 P. LU'RIDA (Blum, bijdr. p. 959.) leaves lanceolate-ob-
long, acuminated, rather membranous, glabrous ; stipulas broad-
ovate, short, bidentate, adpressed ; corymbs terminal, trichoto-
mous ; flowers densely crowded, sessile ; calyxes obsoletely 5-
toothed, and are, as well as the peduncles, coloured ; tube of the
corolla elongated ; drupes globose, fj . S. Native of the West
of Java, frequent in humid, shady places. Peduncles thickened
at length. Pyrenae 1 -ribbed on the back, and fenestrate inside.
Nearly allied to P. corymbbsa and P. sphcerocdrpa. — There is a
variety of this with oblong-lanceolate leaves.
Lurid Psychotria. Shrub.
160 P. GANDARUSS^EFO'LIA (Blum, bijdr. p. 960.) leaves on
short petioles, linear-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, mem-
branous, glabrous ; stipulas ovate, acute, bidentate ; cymes ter-
minal and axillary, dense, trifid. fj . S. Native of the Island
of Java, in the province of Bantam, among bushes. Leaves 5
inches long, and 6-7 lines broad.
Gandarussa-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
161 P. MONTA'NA (Blum, bijdr. p. 960.) leaves oblong, acu-
minated at both ends, membranous, glabrous ; stipulas intra-
axillary, membranous, clasping the petioles ; flowers terminal,
umbellately corymbose ; limb of the calyx urceolate, obso-
letely 5-toothed : corolla with a short sub-cylindrical tube ;
drupes elliptic globose ; pyrense wrinkled, with one furrow on the
back. \i . S Native of Java, on the mountains.
Mountain Psychotria. Shrub.
162 P. ROSTRA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 961.) leaves on short pe-
tioles, oblong-lanceolate, much acuminated, membranous, gla-
brous ; stipulas short, rather connate ; corymbs pedunculate,
dichotomous, or trichotomous ; calyxes obsoletely 5-toothed ;
corolla with a short cylindrical tube ; drupes nearly globose ;
pyrense smooth, obsoletely 1 -ribbed. T? . S. Native of Java,
in shady places, on Mount Salak. Allied to P. montana and
P. tetrandra.
Beaked Psychotria. Shrub.
163 P. TETRA'NDRA (Blum, bijdr. p. 901.) leaves on short
petioles, oblong, acuminated at both ends, membranous, gla-
brous, reticulated beneath ; stipulas short, acute ; corymbs pe-
dunculate, terminal ; flowers tetrandrous ; drupes nearly globose,
ribbed in the dry state. 1? . S. Native of Java, in woods on
Mounts Salak and Seribu, &c. Sides of the leaves unequal.
Tetrandrous- flowered Psychotria. Shrub.
164 P. RHINOCEKO'TIS (Reinw. in Blum, bijdr. p. 961.) leaves
cuneate-oblong, acute, coriaceous, glabrous above, tomentose be-
neath ; corymbs terminal, tomentose ; stipulas bifid, or trifid ;
flowers capitate ; tube of the corolla sub-campanulate ; drupes
ovate-globose, furrowed in the dried state. Jj . S. Native of
Java and Nusa-Kambanga, in humid parts of woods.
Rhinoceros Psychotria. Shrub.
165 P. ROBU'STA (Blum, bijdr. p. 962.) leaves obovate, or cu-
neate-oblong, acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous ; stipulas intra-
axillary, acuminated, connate at the base, and clasping the
petioles; panicles terminal, with whorled branches; limb of the
calyx urceolate, obsoletely S-toothed ; tube of the corolla short,
cylindrical. Jj . S. Native of Java, on the mountains. P. lati-
folia, Blum. cat. hort. buit. p. 54. but not of Willd.
Robust Psychotria. Shrub.
166 P. VIRIDIFLORA (Reinw. in Blum, bijdr. p. 963.) leaves
oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, membranous, gla-
brous ; stipulas ovate, obtuse, with membranous margins, ciliated
at the base ; corymbs terminal, divaricately trichotomous ; ca-
lyxes downy ; tube of the corolla short, cylindrical ; drupes
nearly globose, somewhat 10-ribbed in the dry state. fj. S.
Native of Java, in humid places among bushes. Allied to P.
stipulacea, Wall.
Green-flowered Psychotria. Shrub.
167 P. SYLVA'TICA (Blum, bijdr. p. 963.) leaves on long peti-
oles, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; stipulas ovate,
bluntish, membranous at the top, clasping the petioles; corymbs
terminal, trichotomous, glabrous ; tube of the corolla short, cy-
lindrical ; drupes elliptic-globose, ribbed when dry. fj . S.
Native of Java, in mountain woods. Allied to P. viridiflora.
Wood Psychotria. Shrub.
168 P. EXPA'NSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 963.) leaves elliptic-oblong,
acuminated at both ends, membranous, connate at the base ;
cymes pedunculate, terminal, 3-5-parted ; flowers sub-umbellate;
calyx obsoletely 5-toothed ; tube of the corolla short, cylindrical,
fj . S. Native of Java, at the foot of Mount Salak. Leaves
rather large.
Expanded Psychotria. Shrub.
1C9 P. LAXIFLORA (Blum, bijdr. p. 964.) stem radicant and
climbing ; leaves on short petioles, elliptic-oblong, attenuated at
both ends, membranous, glabrous ; stipulas connate ; corymbs
tripartite, loose ; tube of the corolla somewhat campanulate ;
drupes nearly globose, furrowed when dry. 1? . S. Native of
Java, in mountain woods.
Lax-flowered Psychotria. Shrub.
170 P. SARMENTOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 964.) stem radicant and
climbing ; leaves on short petioles, lanceolate, acuminated at
both ends, finely veined, coriaceous, glabrous ; stipulas connate ;
corymbs terminal, divaricate, trichotomous ; tube of the corolla
funnel-shaped ; drupes elliptic-globose, furrowed when dry.
fj . S. Native of the west of Java, in woods on the higher
mountains. Allied to P. parasitica, Swartz.
Sarmentose Psychotria. Shrub.
171 P. LEUCOCA'RPA (Blum, bijdr. p. 964.) stem radicant and
climbing ; leaves on short petioles, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated
at both ends, coriaceous, glabrous, terminal ones verticillately
approximate; stipulas connate ; corymbs terminal, trifid ; flowers
capitate ; drupes globose ; pyrenae smooth on the back. (7 • S.
Native of Java, in woods on the mountains of Seribu. Allied
to P. sarmentbsa.
White-fruited Psychotria. Shrub.
172 P. PAUCIFLORA (Bartl. in herb. Haeoke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 522.) glabrous ; branchlets compressed ; leaves narrow-ob-
long, acute, tapering much at the base, rather coriaceous, glau-
cescent ; stipulas lanceolate, elongated, deciduous ; corymbs ter-
minal, trifid to the base, having the branches bearing from 1 to 3
flowers; calyx truncate; fruit obovate. Tj . S. Native of the
Island of Luzon. Colour of the leaves and habit almost of P. alba.
Few-flowered Psychotria. Shrub.
173 P. IXOROIDES (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 522.) glabrous ; branchlets compressed ; leaves oblong, taper-
ing much at the base, short-acuminated at the apex, glaucescent,
hardly veined beneath ; stipulas triangularly ovate, acute, deci-
duous ; corymbs terminal, downy, pedunculate, trifid, with com-
pact many-flowered branches ; limb of the calyx with 5 short
acute teeth ; fruit globose. Jj . S. Native of the Island of Luzon.
Ixora-like Psychotria. Shrub.
174 P. MARIA'NA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 522.) glabrous ; branches and peduncles compressed ; leaves
oval-oblong or obovate, bluntish, attenuated at the base, rather
coriaceous ; stipulas caducous ; cymes pedunculate, terminal,
598
RUBIACEjE. CLXXI. PSYCHOTRIA. CLXXII. ANTONIA. CLXXIII. PALICOUREA.
shorter than the leaves, twice trifid ; flowers sessile in the forks,
and on the tops of the branchlets of the cyme ; limb of the calyx
campanulate, truncate, or bluntly toothed, and at length cleft
irregularly. T? . S. Native of Marianne Island. Corolla short,
campanulate, but obovate in the bud state. Fruit unknown.
Marianne Psychotria. Shrub.
175 P. MEMBRANIFOLIA (Bartl. in herb. Hsenke, ex D. C.
prod. 4. p. 522.) glabrous ; leaves ovate-oblong and oval, short-
acuminated, membranous, veiny beneath ; stipulas membranous,
acutely bidentate, erose ; panicles terminal, contracted, corymb-
formed, almost sessile, much shorter than the leaves ; anthers
exserted. fj . S. Native of the Islands of Luzon and Sozogon,
in the Philippine Archipelago. The leaves in the specimens
from the Island of Luzon are more oblong and more acuminated
at both ends than those from Sozogon.
Membrane-leaved Psycliotria. Shrub.
176 P. LINEA'RIS (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D, C. prod. 4.
p. 522.) branches terete, and are, as well as the panicles, petioles,
and leaves, especially on the nerves on the under surfaces, beset
with rusty hairs ; leaves long-linear, glabrous above ; stipulas
membranous, ovate, acuminated, caducous ; flowers crowded in
terminal fascicles, on short pedicels ; calyx rather truncate ;
corolla villous ; fruit obovate. Tj . S. Native of the Island of
Manilla, near Sozogon.
Linear-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
177 P. MANILLE'NSIS (Bartl. in herb. Hasnke, ex D.C. prod. 4.
p. 522.) glabrous ; branchlets rather compressed ; leaves elliptic-
oblong, acuminated, attenuated at the base, rather coriaceous, of
a different colour beneath ; stipulas ovate, acute, combined into
a short ring at the base, deciduous ; corymbs tripartite, hardly
pedunculate, with elongated branches, which are twice trifid at
the apex ; fruit ovate-oblong. Ij . S. Native of the Island of
Manilla, near Sozogon.
Manilla Psychotria. Shrub.
*************
Species natives of Australia.
178 P. COLLINA (Labill. sert. caled. p. 47. t. 47.) glabrous;
branches nearly terete ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, attenuated at
both ends ; stipulas ovate, caducous ; corymbs terminal, on short
peduncles, shorter than the leaves, trichotomous ; peduncles
compressed ; style bifid beyond the middle ; berries roundish.
*2 . S. Native of New Caledonia.
Hill Psychotria. Shrub.
179 P. LONICEROIDES (Sieb. nov. holl. exsic. no. 263.) every
part of the plant is clothed with rusty hairs ; leaves elliptic or
oblong, acutish at both ends ; stipulas lanceolate, acuminated,
deciduous ; panicles terminal, a little shorter than the leaves,
with opposite distant branches, which are trifid, or twice tri-
fid at the apex, with a sessile flower in each fork ; bracteas
ovate, acute ; berries ovate, crowned by the 5-toothed calyx.
Jj . S. Native of New Holland. It is very like P. hirsuta of
Svvartz, with which it is joined by Sprengel, in his cur. post., but
is still very distinct.
Honeysuckle-like Psychotria. Shrub.
180 P. SPECIOSA (Forst. prod. no. 89.) arboreous; leaves ob-
long-lanceolate ; involucrum terminal, usually 3-flowered. T? . S.
Native of Otaheite. Cephse'lis speciosa, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 749.
Shony Psychotria. Shrub.
181 P. DAPHNOIDES (Cunningh. in bot. mag. 3228.) shrub
dichotomous, glabrous ; branches very leafy at ends ; leaves ob-
ovate ; stipulas nearly orbicular, bidentate, small ; corymbs ter-
minal, few-flowered ; mouth of corolla villous. Tj . G. Native
of New Holland. Flowers pure white.
Daphne-like Psychotria. Fl. April. Clt. 1829. Shrub.
Cult. All the species of Psychotria are of the most easy cul-
ture and propagation. They grow best in a mixture of loam,
peat and sand ; and cuttings will strike root readily, if planted in
sand, with a hand-glass over them. Some of them bear handsome
foliage, but the flowers of all are insignificant.
CLXXII. ANTO'NIA (named in compliment to the Arch-
duke Antony of Austria, a promoter of botany). Pohl, pi.
bras. 2. p. 13. t. 109.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an oblong-
cylindrical tube, which is covered by scales, and a 5-parted limb.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a bearded throat, and a 5-parted
limb; segments lanceolate, acute, at length reflexed. Stamens
5, exserted, bearded at the base. Style long, filiform, thickened
towards the apex ; stigma bifid, obtuse. Berries oblong, 2-
celled. — Shrub middle-sized. Leaves decussately opposite. Sti-
pulas interpetiolar. Cymes terminal, many-flowered. Flowers
by threes, white.
1 A. ovAvTA(Pohl, I.e. 2. p. 14. t. 109.) leaves ovate-elliptic,
quite glabrous, as well as the branches. Tj . S. Native of Bra-
zil, among bushes in dry places, about Joze de Tocantins, in the
province of Goyaz.
Ovate-leaved Antonia. Shrub 5 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Psychotria above.
CLXXIII. PALICOITREA (Aublet does not give the mean-
ing of this word). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 173. t. 66. H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 365. St. Hil. pi. rem. bras. p. 230.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 524. — Palicurea ad Galvania, Rcem.et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 11. — Galvania, Veil. etVand. fl. bras, et Roem. script,
p. 89. t. 6. f. 7. — Stephanium, Schreb. gen. no. 308.— Psycho-
tria species, Juss. Willd — Psychotria species, Galvania, and
Colladonia, Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. All as in Psychotria, but
differing in the corolla being tubular, nearly cylindrical, curved or
gibbous on one side at the base, shortly 5-cleft at the apex, and
bearded beneath the middle inside. Teeth of the calyx and lobes
of the corolla sometimes rather unequal. — Glabrous shrubs, all
natives of America. Leaves opposite, rarely verticillate, usually
large. Stipulas connected in various ways. Panicles terminal,
sometimes elongated, sometimes thyrsoid, and sometimes cy-
mose, sessile, but usually pedunculate. Corollas yellow or
white. Anthers exserted or inclosed, either inserted in the bot-
tom, middle, or upper part of the tube of the corolla. Flowers
variable, rarely with a 3-celled ovarium and 3-lobed stigma.
§ 1. Flowers corymbose or cymose.
1 P. SELLOWIA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 525.) glabrous; branches
terete ; leaves elliptic, acute at both ends, with undulated mar-
gins, on long petioles ; stipulas bluntly bidentate, with a large
blunt recess ; panicles cymose, fastigiate, with angularly com-
pressed branches ; corollas glabrous ; stamens inclosed ; fruit
roundish-ovate. fj . S. Native of Brazil, about Rio Janeiro,
where it was collected by Sello. P. fastigiata, Cham. et. Schlecht.
in Linnaea. 4. p. 16. but not of Kunth.
Sello's Palicourea. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
2 P. FASTIGIA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 368.
but not of St. Hil.) glabrous ; branchlets rather tetragonal ;
leaves elliptic, or ovate-oblong, acuminated, acute at the base,
membranous ; stipulas bidentate ; corymbs pedunculate ; flowers
on long pedicels, somewhat fastigiate, glabrous ; fruit ovate,
nearly globose, fj . S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco,
near Atures. Psychotria fastigiata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 742.
exclusive of the synonyme of Willd.
Fastigiate-fiovrereA Palicourea. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
3 P. TABERNJEFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 525.) glabrous ;
branches terete ; leaves large, soft, lanceolate, acuminated, petio-
late ; stipulas unknown ; panicles almost cymose, short ; seg-
ments of the calyx subulate ; tube of the corolla slender, with
1
RUBIACE&. CLXXIII. PALICOUREA.
599
lanceolate lobes, fj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Psychotria
tabernsefolia, Poir. diet. 5. p. 704. Flowers cream-coloured,
hardly half an inch long.
Tent-leaved Palicourea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
4 P. HEBEA'NTHA (D. C. 1. c.) glabrous; branches terete;
leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, acute at the base; stipulas
twin on both sides, acute, small, hardly joined by a ligula ; pa-
nicles pedunculate, terminal ; peduncles trichotomous, com-
pressed ; corollas bluntly 4-cleft, clothed with powdery tomen-
tum. Jj • S. Native of Brazil.
Hairy-florvered Palicourea. Shrub.
5 P. MARCGRAVII (St. Hil. pi. rem. bras. p. 281. t. 22. f. A.)
branchlets somewhat tetragonal ; leaves oblong, acuminated,
bluntish at the base, on short petioles ; stipulas trifid ? ; cymes
pedunculate, downy ; rachis and branches angular ; corollas cy-
lindrical, with 5 very short blunt teeth, clothed with papillose
tomentum. fj . S. Native of Brazil, on the edges of woods.
Erva do rato, Marcg. bras. 60. f. 2. Galvania, no. 2. Veil. mss.
ex St. Hil. Galvania Velldsii, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 193.
Peduncles of a coppery scarlet colour. Corollas of a yellowish
copper colour at the base, and purple at the apex.
Var. j3, pubescens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 525.) leaves downy be-
i neath. I? . S. Native along with the species. St. Hil. 1. c.
i and Cham, et Schlecht. in Linneea. vol. 4.
Marcgrave's Palicourea. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
6 P. APICA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 367. t.
285.) glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves oblong, short-acumi-
nated, narrow at the base, coriaceous ; stipulas connate, biden-
tate, longer than the petioles ; panicles cymose, sessile ; corolla
glabrous ; fruit rather turbinate, crowned by a permanent urceo-
lus. Tj . S. Native of Caraccas, on Mount Silla de Caraccas.
Psychotria lineata, Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 191.
Corolla evidently ventricose at the base. Fruit sometimes 3-
celled, and the stigma trifid.
Crowned-fruited Palicourea. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub
4 to 6 feet.
7 P. PAVE'TTA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 525.) glabrous ; branches
terete ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, thin, nerved ; sti-
pulas membranous, bidentate ; corymbs terminal, pedunculate,
with brachiate trichotomous branches ; corolla funnel-shaped,
curved a little ; anthers inclosed ; fruit roundish, didymous.
fy . S. Native of Jamaica, on the mountains in woods. Psy-
chotria Pavetta, Swartz, prod. 45. Lam. ill. t. 161. f. 3. Pa-
vetta pentandra, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 233. Cestrum ner-
vosum, Mill. diet. — Sloane, hist. jam. 2. t. 202. f. 2. — Plum. ed.
Burm. t. 156. f. 1. Flowers white, very sweet-scented, with
spreading acute lobes. This is certainly not a species of Pavetta,
from the style not being exserted, nor a Psychotria, from the
tube of the corolla being elongated and a little curved.
Pavetta-Mke Palicourea. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
8 P. TINCTORIA (Roam, et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 194.) glabrous;
leaves oblong, acuminated, coriaceous, foveolate in the axils of
the veins beneath ; stipulas lanceolate, connate at the base ; pa-
nicles on short peduncles, sub-corymbose, brachiate ; throat of
the corolla bearded; filaments hairy; fruit roundish. Tj . S.
Native of Peru, in forests on the Andes, ex Ruiz et Pav. ; and
at Guayaquil, ex Hsenke. Psychotria tinctoria, Ruiz, et Pav. fl.
per. 2. p. 62. t. 211. f. a. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 745. exclusive of
the synonyme of Bartl. in herb. Hsenke. Stipulas glandular at
the base. Peduncles rather tetragonal. Bracteas small, acute.
Flowers sessile, usually by threes. Calyx yellowish. Corollas
white or cream-coloured, with a reflexed limb. Fruit globose,
rufescent. This species yields a red dye.
Var. /3 ; leaves ovate. \ . S. Native about Guayaquil, ex
Haenke.
Dyers' Palicourea. Tree 18 to 28 feet.
9 P. XANTHINA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 525.) glabrous ; branches
terete ; leaves ovate or oval -lanceolate, acute at the base, acumi-
nated at the apex, membranous, on short petioles ; stipulas
very short, somewhat bidentate ; corymbs pedunculate, terminal,
rarely axillary, trichotomous, bractless ; corollas downy on the
outside, curved ; anthers a little exserted. J? . S. Native of
French Guiana, where it was collected by Patris. Branches
and peduncles yellow. Berries nearly globose, didymous,
ribbed.
Yellow Palicourea. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
10 P. pONicEA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 526.) glabrous ; branchlets
nearly terete, rufescent ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, shining
on botli surfaces ; stipulas twin on both sides, subulate, con-
nected by a short ligula ; panicles corymbose, pedunculate, of a
scarlet colour ; corollas urceolate ; berries roundish, didymous.
fy . S. Native of Peru, in forests on the Andes. Psychotria
punicea, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 62. t. 42. f. a. Leaves 9
inches long, undulated. Bracteas subulate. Flowers glomerate.
Corolla of a purplish scarlet colour, with a short tube, and ovate
acute segments.
Scarlet-corymbeA Palicourea. Shrub 6 feet.
11 P. CROCEA (Rcem. et Schultes. syst. 5. p. 193.) glabrous ;
leaves ovate or oval-lanceolate, acuminated, stiffish ; stipulas
connected by a short ligula, twin on both sides, linear, acumi-
nated, one half shorter than the petioles ; panicles corymbose,
terminal ; corollas obconically tubular ; anthers exserted from
the tube, but shorter than the limb ; berries rather didymous.
Jj . S. Native of Porto-Rico, Trinidad, Cuba, Guadaloupe,
&c. Psychotria crocea, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 429. Sieb. fl.
trin. no. 28. Meyer, esseq. 1. p. 105.? — Browne, jam. t. 13.
f. 1. Leaves with prominent veins. Panicles and peduncles
saffron coloured.
tfajfron-coloured-panicled Palicourea. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1823. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
12 P. PEDUNCULOSA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 526.) glabrous; leaves
elliptic-oblong, acuminated at both ends, and somewhat cuspi-
date at the apex, stiffish ; stipulas oval, deciduous ; panicles
corymbose, on long peduncles, with opposite branches ; corolla
funnel-shaped, glabrous, with revolute lobes ; fruit ovate-glo-
bose. Pj . S. Native of French Guiana, where it was collected
by Patris. Psychotria pedunculosa, Rich, act. soc. hist. nat.
par. 1792. p. 107.? Palicurea Cayennensis, Desv. in Ham.
prod. fl. ind. occ. p. 29.?
Long-peduncled Palicourea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
13 P. CHIONA'NIHA (D. C. 1. c.) glabrous; leaves ovate,
ending in a short point at the apex, hardly acute at the base,
stiffish ; stipulas oval, at length deciduous ; panicles corymbose,
pedunculate, shorter than the leaves, with opposite branches ;
corolla funnel-shaped, glabrous on the outside ; anthers ex-
serted ; fruit obovate, pear-shaped, ribbed, tj . S. Native of
Brazil, about Bahia, where it was gathered by Salzmann,
G. Don, &c. Corollas snow-white, tubular, with linear-lan-
ceolate lobes, and a villous throat. Stigma bifid. Lobes com-
pressed.
Snow-flowered Palicourea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
14 P. UMBELLA'TA (D. C. 1. c.) glabrous ; branches trigonal
or tetragonal ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, attenuated at
the base, stiff, nerved, on short petioles ; stipulas connected,
sheathing, short, coriaceous, with 2 short teeth on both sides ;
corymbs pedunculate, sub-umbellate, composed of 5-7 branches,
which rise almost from the same point, and are corymbosely
branched at their tops ; calyx acutely 5-toothed. ^ . S. Na-
tive of French Guiana, where it was collected by Patris. On
the same branch there is often opposite leaves, or 3-4 in a whorl.
Stigma 3-cleft in many of the flowers.
Umbellate-corymbed Palicourea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
600
RUBIACE^E. CLXXIII. PALICOUREA.
§ 2. Flowers panicled.
* Leaves disposed in rvhorles.
15 P. TRIPHY'LIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 526.) glabrous; leaves
3 in a whorl, elliptic-oblong, acuminated at both ends, hardly
petiolate ; stipulas twin on both sides, linear-subulate, hardly
joined at the base, longer than the petioles ; racemes terminal,
pedunculate, downy, somewhat paniculate, longer than the leaves.
fj . S. Native of French Guiana, where it was collected by
Patris. Leaves 4-5 inches long, and 1^ broad. Raceme,
along with the peduncle, 6 inches long. Fruit rather com-
pressed, coarsely ribbed. Corolla unknown, hence the genus is
doubtful.
Three-leaved Palicourea. Shrub.
16 P. VERTICILLA'TA (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets tetragonal, gla-
brous ; leaves 4 in a whorl, lanceolate- oblong, quite glabrous,
on short petioles ; stipulas bifid ; panicles pedunculate, downy ;
rachis of the panicle triquetrous, and the branchlets are angu-
larly compressed ; corollas glabrous ; fruit orbicularly ovate.
+i . S. Native of the south of Brazil, in woods. P. longifolia,
St. Hil. pi. rem. bras. p. 232. t. 22. f. B. Corollas yellow. Stamens
inclosed.
Whorled-\eave& Palicourea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
17 P. QUADRIPOLE (Rudge, pi. guian. p. 27. t. 42.) stem
tetragonal ; leaves 4 in a whorl, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated ;
stipulas intrafoliaceous, sheathing ; corymbs many-flowered ;
peduncles a little shorter than the leaves. Jj . S. Native of
French Guiana.
Four-leaved Palicourea. Shrub.
18 P. TETRAPHY'LLA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 4. p. 17.)
branchlets bluntly tetragonal, smooth ; leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate,
or lanceolate-oblong, attenuated at both ends, stiffish, on short
petioles, glabrous above, and downy beneath ; stipulas bifid, with
the lobes lanceolate, acute, and ciliated ; panicles terminal, pyra-
midal, large, pedunculate, downy ; corollas glabrous on the
outside, fj . S. Native of tropical Brazil.
Telraphyllous Palicourea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
* * Leaves opposite, more or less petiolate.
19 P. MACROBOTRYS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 527.) branchlets te-
rete, glabrous ; leaves long-lanceolate, acuminated, clothed with
velvety down beneath ; stipulas twin on both sides, hardly con-
nected at the base, ovate-lanceolate ; panicles elongated, much
longer than the leaves, clothed with velvety down ; rachi some-
what tetragonal. Jj. S. Native of Peru, on the Andes, in
forests at Ctichero and Chinchao, et Ruiz et Pav. ; and on the
mountains about the Guanocco, ex herb. Haenke. Psychotria
macrobotrys, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 57. t. 203. f. a. Bartl.
in herb. Haenke. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 744. Rcem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 1 84. Leaves 6 inches long. Stipulas glandular at
the base. Panicles purplish, a foot long. Bracteas small, subu-
late. Corollas small, yellow, villous inside at the insertion of
the stamens, and having the segments edged with purple. Ber-
ries ovate, dark blue, a little compressed.
Long-racemed Palicourea. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
20 P. MACROCA'RPA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
369.) branches terete, glabrous ; leaves obovate- oblong, short-
acuminated, cuneated at the base, rather coriaceous, glabrous
above, and hairy on the veins beneath ; stipulas bifid, glabrous ;
panicles pedunculate, spreading ; corollas glabrous ; fruit nearly
globose. I? . S. Native of New Granada, in hot places. Psy-
chotria anacardifolia, Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
190. Distinct from P. macrobotrys, with which it is joined by
Sprengel.
Long-fruited Palicourea. Shrub 6 to 7 feet.
21 P. AMETHY'STINA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 527.) branchlets
somewhat tetragonal, rather hairy; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
acuminated, glabrous above, and villous on the nerves and veins
beneatl) ; stipulas connected together almost to the middle into
a sheath, and drawn out into 2 subulate teeth on each side ; pa-
nicles hairy, a little longer than the leaves ; bracteoles subulate ;
fruit oval. fj . S. Native of Peru, in forests on the Andes at
Pillao and Huassa-Huassi. Psychotria amethystina, Ruiz et Pav.
fl. per. 2. p. 57. t. 203. f. b. Glands 7 in the axils of each stipula.
Corollas tubular, blue. Berries ovate, blue.
ZMMe-berried Palicourea. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
22 P. LONGIBRACTEA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 527.) branchlets
slightly tetragonal, smoothish ; leaves oblong, acuminated, on
short petioles, clothed with villous down on both surfaces ; sti-
pulas connate at the base a little way, twin on both sides, linear,
acuminated ; panicles longer than the leaves, hairy ; bracteoles
elongated, rather foliaceous; berries roundish, compressed. ^.
S. Native of Panama. P. amethystina ft longibracteata, Bartl.
in herb. Haenke. Very like P. amethystina, but differs in the
petioles being 1-2 lines long, not 11-12 ; and in the stipulas not
being glandular at the base, and connected only a very short way.
Berries globose, blue. Corollas blue ?
Long-bractead Palicourea. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
23 P. OBOVA'TA (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets bluntly tetragonal ;
leaves obovate, acuminated, large, veiny, downy on the nerves
and veins beneath ; stipulas connected, ovate, with 2 short blunt
lobes on each side ; panicles thyrsoid, downy, brachiate, longer
than the leaves ; calyx ciliated ; corolla tubular; berries globose.
fj . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes in forests at Cliinchao
and Pillao. Psychotria obovata, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 58.
t. 204. f. a. Leaves a foot long. Stipulas glandular at the
base. Corollas purple, villous inside. Berries purple, almost
globular.
Obovate-leaved Palicourea. Shrub 8 to 10 feet.
24 P. MITIS (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets bluntly tetragonal ; leaves
lanceolate, acute at both ends, very soft and probably velvety
above, and glabrous beneath ; stipulas connate at the base,
ovate, emarginate, with very blunt teeth ; panicles divaricate,
hardly longer than the leaves ; corollas funnel-shaped. Tj . S.
Native of Peru, in forests on the Andes at Pillao and Chaca-
huassi. Psych6tria mitis, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 60. t.
208. f. b. Leaves 4-10 inches long. Peduncles tetragonal.
Flowers sessile. Bracteas subulate. Corolla yellow, with a
hairy throat. Anthers linear, shorter than the corolla.
Mild-leaved Palicourea. Shrub.
25 P. LA'XA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 195.) glabrous;
branchlets tetragonal; leaves oblong, acuminated, shining above;
stipulas smooth, bifid, with ovate obtuse lobules ; panicles long,
loose, when in flower erect, but when bearing the fruit pendu-
lous ; bracteas long, reflexed. Tj . S. Native of Peru, on the
Andes in forests. Psych6tria laxa, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p.
61. t. 212. f. b. but not of Swartz. Psychotria luteo-virescens,
Pers. ench. 1. p. 208. Psychotria brachiata, Dietr. Leaves 9
inches long. Peduncles compressed. Corolla greenish-yellow.
Berries ovate, didymous, purplish-green.
Loose- flowered Palicourea. Shrub 8 to 10 feet.
26 P. HYACINTHIFLORA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 194.)
glabrous ; branchlets bluntly tetragonal ; leaves large, obovate,
acuminated ; stipulas bifid, with the lobes ovate, obtuse ; panicles
length of leaves ; peduncles brachiate ; bracteas small, ovate ;
corolla funnel-shaped, with long revolute lobes, f? . S. Native
of Peru, on the Andes in forests. Psychotria hyacinthiflora,
Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 62. t. 213. f. a. Psych, hyacintholdes,
Pers. ench. 1. p. 208. Panicles purple. Corolla violaceous.
Stamens inclosed in the middle of the tube. Berries roundish,
ovate, of a bluish violet colour.
Hyacinth-flowered Palicourea. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
27 P. CCERU'LEA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst 5. p. 194.) glabrous;
RUBIACE^E. CLXXIII. PALICOUREA.
601
leaves lanceolate, acuminated, spreadingly deflexed ; stipulas
ovate, undivided, one-half shorter than the petioles ; branches of
panicle opposite, lower and ultimate ones rising from the axils ;
flowers crowded at the tops of the branches of the panicle ;
corolla funnel-shaped, with revolute lobes ; berries turbinate.
fj . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes in forests at Vitoc. Psy.
ccerulea, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 62. t. 213. f. b. Branchlets
terete. Leaves 8-9 inches long. Corollas yellowish. Stamens
inserted below in the middle of the tube. Berries blue, pear-
shaped, size of peas.
ZJ/we-berried Palicourea. Shrub 9 to 10 feet.
28 P. SULPHU'REA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 528.) glabrous ; branch-
lets bluntly tetragonal ; leaves obovate-cuneated, terminating in
a short blunt point, coriaceous, nerved, shining above ; stipulas
bluntly 2-lobed, somewhat connected at the base ; panicle loose,
rather longer than the leaves ; corollas funnel-shaped ; fruit
roundish. Jj . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes in forests.
Psychotria sulphurea, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 58. t. 203. f. a.
Leaves yellowish, 6 inches long. Bracteas subulate. Corolla
sulphur-coloured, having the tube villous inside below the throat.
The shrub is very villous, and affords a yellow dye, which is
used by the natives in the places of its natural growth.
Sulphur-coloured-Qovcered Palicourea. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
29 P. FLAVE'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
366.) branchlets rather tetragonal, villous ; leaves oblong, acu-
minated, narrowed at the base, rather coriaceous, downy or hairy
above, and clothed with golden yellow hairy tomentum beneath,
and particularly so on the nerves ; stipulas villous, combined,
bidentate : teeth subulate ; panicles sessile : corollas hairy. ^ .
S. Native of Peru, in temperate places. Psychotria flavescens,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 744.
Yellowish Palicourea. Shrub 8 to 10 feet.
30 P. THYRSIFLORA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 528.) glabrous ; branch-
lets bluntly tetragonal ; leaves lanceolate, acute ; stipulas twin
on both sides, short, tooth-formed, connected by a ligula ; pa-
nicles thyrsoid, brachiate, longer than the leaves; berries ovate.
?2 • S. Native of Peru, on the Andes in forests at Cuchero.
Psychotria thyrsiflora, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 57. t. 204. f. b.
Leaves 5 inches long. Stipulas tridentate, the middle tooth
ovate ciliated, and the lateral ones subulate. Calyxes yellowish.
Corollas yellow, villous inside. Berries ovate, dark purple.
Thyrse-flotvered Palicourea. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
31 P. ALPI'NA (D. C prod. 4. p. 528.) branchlets tetragonal;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, membranous, reticulated, a little ciliated ;
petioles downy ; stipulas twin on both sides, linear, rather cili-
ated, connected by a short ligula ; panicles terminal, erect, usually
shorter than the leaves ; corollas terete, elongated, diaphanous ;
anthers inclosed in the throat. Jj . S. Native of Jamaica, on
the Blue Mountains. Psychotria alpina, Swartz, prod. p. 44. fl.
ind. occ. p. 431. The leaves and branches are said to be gla-
brous. Peduncles rufescent. Corolla rather ventricose at the
base, yellow, red, purple, and white. Berries nearly globose.
Alpine Palicourea. Shrub.
32 P. ERIA'NTHA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 528.) branchlets terete;
leaves elliptic, acute at the base, acuminated at the apex, gla-
brous above, hairy on the petioles and nerves beneath ; stipulas
twin on both sides, subulate, joined by a membrane ; panicles
terminal ; calyx acutely 5-toothed, glabrous ; corolla tubular,
very hairy outside.. I? . S. Native of St. Domingo. Psycho-
tria alpina, Poir. diet. 5. p. 702. exclusive of the synonyme of
Desf.
Woolly- flowered Palicourea. Shrub 8 to 10 feet.
33 P. SPECIOSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 368.)
branches glabrous, terete ; leaves oblong, acuminated, acute at
the base, membranous, roughish, shining ; stipulas glabrous ;
panicles pedunculate, with angular branches, which are as well
VOL. III.
as the corollas downy. Tj . S. Native of New Granada, near
Santa Anna. Form of stipulas and fruit unknown. According
to Sprengel, this is the same as Psychotria laevigata, Willd. but
not of Kunth.
Showy Palicourea. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
34 P. ELLI'PTICA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 369.)
branchlets tetragonal, smoothish ; leaves roundish-elliptic, acute,
rounded at the base, coriaceous, stiff, glabrous above, and hairy
or downy beneath ; panicles on short peduncles, with short dicho-
tomous smoothish branches ; corollas glabrous. Jj . S. Native
on the banks of the Orinoco. Psychotria circinata, Willd. in
Roam, et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 190. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 744.?
Distinct from Psychotria elliptica of Ker. and Willd.
Elliptic-leaved Palicourea. Shrub.
35 P. LONGIFLORA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 528.) branches terete,
smooth ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, large, coriaceous,
rather downy beneath, on short petioles ; panicles one-half
shorter than the leaves, with alternate horizontal branches ;
corolla with a very long tube, which is attenuated at the base,
and short straightish lobes, fj . S. Native of Cayenne. Psy-
chotria longiflora, Poir. diet. 5. p. 104. but not of Willd. Nerves
of leaves and branches of panicle yellowish. Stipulas unknown.
In the specimens of the plant preserved in the royal museum at
Paris, the leaves appear to be quite glabrous on both surfaces.
Leaves 6-8 inches long.
Long-flowered Palicourea. Shrub.
36 P. DOMINSE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 529.) glabrous ;
branches terete ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, shining, petio-
late ; panicles terminal, usually twin; flowers sessile, cylindrical,
incurved ; berries shining. *j . S. Native of St. Domingo, on
the banks of mountain streams in shady humid places. Psy-
chotria Domingensis, Jacq. amer. p. 66. Leaves 5 inches long.
Corollas white. Berries dark, shining, with a watery pulp.
St. Domingo Palicourea. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
37 P. TINIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 529.) glabrous ; branches
terete ; leaves obovate-oblong, acute, reticulately veined beneath,
rather coriaceous, shining ; stipulas bifid, obtuse ; panicles stiff,
with angular thickened branches ; corollas salver-shaped ; sta-
mens inclosed. T? . S. Native of South America. Psychotria
tinifolia, Willd. in Roam, et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 190. Colladonia
tinifolia, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 516. and 757. Berries 3 -celled, 3-
seeded, probably from the same cause as those of Palicourea
apicata.
Laurtstine-leaved Palicourea. Shrub.
38 P. CROCEOIDES (Desf. in Ham. prod. fl. ind. occ. p. 29.)
leaves broad-ovate, acuminated, attenuated at the base, shining,
quite glabrous ; panicles on long peduncles. Ij . S. Native of
the Antilles. Branches saffron-coloured, as in P. crocea, to
which it is very nearly allied, but differs in the flowers being
smaller and fewer, and in the nerves of the leaves being com-
mon, not parallel. The stipulas, flowers, and fruit remain un-
described.
Crocea-like Palicourea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
39 P. COCCI'NEA (D. C. prod.. 4. p. 529.) glabrous; leaves
elliptic-oblong, acuminated at both ends, rather membranous ;
stipulas twin on both sides, setaceous, connected by a short li-
gula ; panicles elongated, contracted ; corolla with a short cylin-
drical tube, and an erect limb ; anthers inclosed ; berries round-
ish. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo and Porto-Rico. Psy-
chotria coccinea, Poir. pi. exsic. Very nearly allied to P. crocea,
and is probably often confused with it, but differs in the corollas
and fruit being smaller, in the branches of the panicle being
erect and spreading, and usually alternate, in the stipulas being
shorter and thinner, &c.
Scarlet Palicourea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
40 P. LONGIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 3G9.)
4H
002
RUBIACE^E. CLXXIII. PALICOUREA.
glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, acumi-
nated, acute at the base, membranous, shining ; stipulas cadu-
cous ; panicles sessile ; corollas smoothish. Tj . S. Native of
New Granada, near Santa Anna. This is a very distinct plant
from Psychotria Iongifl6ra, Willd., with which it has been con-
founded by Sprengel in his syst. 1. p. 744.
Long-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
41 P. ANGUSTIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
367.) branchlets hairy; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated,
acute at the base, membranous, stiff, discoloured, glabrous,
rather hairy on the nerves and veins ; stipulas glabrous, biden-
tate : teeth subulate ; panicles pedunculate, hairy ; corollas
hairy ; fruit nearly globose, didymous. (7 . S. Native of South
America, on the banks of the Orinoco or Rio Negro. Psycho-
tria stenophylla, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 744.
Narrotv-leaced Palicourea. Shrub.
42 P. NicoiiANiEFOLiA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p.
1 8.) branchlets, panicles, stipulas, and under surfaces of leaves
clothed with minute down ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated
at both ends, membranous, glabrous above ; stipulas truncate,
drawn out into 2 lanceolate-linear teeth each ; panicles elon-
gated, contracted ; corollas tubular, downy on the outside while
young. Jj . S. Native of equinoxial Brazil. Segments of the
corolla rather unequal, pilose at the apex. There are also 5
fascicles of hairs in the tube of the corolla. Berries nearly orbi-
cular, flattened.
Tobacco- leaved Palicourea. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
43 P. CALOPHY'LLA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 529.) glabrous;
branches terete ; leaves oblong, acute at the base, acuminated at
the apex, on short petioles ; stipulas combined at the base, twin
on both sides, lanceolate, acuminated ; panicles erect, contracted,
shorter than the leaves, with very short few-flowered downy
branchlets ; corollas clothed with powdery tomentum. Tj . S.
Native of French Guiana, where it was collected by Patris.
Leaves 6-8 inches long, and 2 or 2y broad. Nearly allied to
P. nicotianeefolia, but differs in the leaves being glabrous be-
neath, in the different form of the stipulas. The lobes of the
stipulas appear as if they were verticillate, 2 being axillary, and
the other 2 between the petioles.
Beautiful-leaved Palicourea. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
44 P. PETIOLA'RIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
370.) glabrous ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, cuneated at
the base, membranous, on long petioles : stipulas connate,
acutely bifid at the apex ; panicles erect, clothed with very minute
down ; calyx glabrous, with acutish lobes. T? . S. Native of
New Andalusia, on Mount Tumiriquiri. Psychotria petiolaris,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 745. Corolla unknown. Leaves 6-7 inches
long. Petioles 1 or 1 1 inch long. Panicles 3-4 inches long.
Said to be nearly allied to P. Guianensis.
Petiolar Palicourea. Tree 60 feet.
45 P. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 173. t. 66.) glabrous;
leaves oval, short-acuminated, hardly acute at the base, mem-
branous, petiolate ; stipulas bluntly bifid, rather connate, at
length distinct, intrafoliaceous ; panicles much-branched, erect ;
corollas cylindrical, mealy outside. Pj . S. Native of French
Guiana, in woods. Psychotria Palicurea, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p.
433. Stephanium Guianense, Gmel. syst. veg. p. 368. Semira
Palicurea, Poir. diet. 7. p. 196. Leaves a foot long, and 5-6
inches broad. Flowers sweet-scented, scarlet. Tube of corolla
a little inflated, and curved.
Guiana Palicourea. Shrub 7 to 8 feet.
46 P. HJENKEA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 530.) branchlets bluntly
tetragonal ; leaves petiolate, elliptic, acute at the base, and very
blunt at the apex, or hardly cuspidate, glabrous, velvety beneath
on the middle nerve and veins ; stipulas triangular, acute ; pa-
nicles terminal, pedunculate, much branched, equal in length to
the leaves, with opposite or alternate spreading branches ; corollas
glabrous. Fj . S. Native of Peru, on the mountains about the
Guanocco, where it was collected by Haenke. Cinchona Haen-
keana, Bartl. in herb. Hsenke. Corollas purplish, 4 lines long.
Fruit unknown. Habit very like that of P. Guianensis.
Haenke's Palicourea. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
47 P. BARBINE'RVIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 530.) branches terete,
glabrous ; leaves oval, acute at the base, cuspidate at the apex,
stiffish, glabrous, with the nerves rather prominent beneath, and
bearded on both sides ; stipulas intrafoliaceous, adpressed, very
blunt, somewhat 2-lobed ; panicles pedunculate, rather longer
than the leaves, large, much branched, having the rachis angular,
and the branchlets somewhat verticillate, spreading, and many-
flowered ; corollas clothed with powdery tomentum. T? . S. Na-
tive of Porto-Rico, and probably of St. Domingo. Psychotria
macrophylla and Psych, lutea, Spreng. in herb. Balb. A very
beautiful species, nearly allied to P. Guianensis, but very distinct.
The nerves of the leaves become naked at length.
Bearded-nerved Palicourea. Shrub 6 to 7 feet.
48 P. COSTA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 366.)
branchlets villous ; leaves oblong, acuminated, acute at the base,
membranous, glabrous, discoloured beneath, and hairy on the
nerves and veins ; stipulas hairy, bifid, with the segments linear,
and about equal in length to the petioles ; panicles pedunculate,
hairy ; corollas hairy on the outside, and bearded inside. Tj . S.
Native of South America, on the banks of the Orinoco and Rio
Negro. Said to be nearly allied to Psychotria reticulata. Per-
haps the same as Psychotria aristata, Willd. in Rcem. etSchultes,
syst. vol. 5. to which it is referred by Sprengel.
Ribbed-leaved Palicourea. Shrub.
49 P. KO'XIA (Mart. reis. ex Linnaea. 5. p. 39.) glabrous ;
leaves membranous, oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base on
short petioles ; panicles divaricate ; pedicels usually trifid ; co-
rollas velvety. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. The rest unknown,
as in the following species.
Poisonous Palicourea. Shrub.
50 P. s6NANS (Mart. I.e.) glabrous; leaves coriaceous, ob-
long, attenuated at both ends, acuminated or retuse ; racemes
subcorymbose, disposed into a large pyramidal panicle. ^ • S.
Native of Brazil. Corollas velvety.
Sounding Palicourea. Shrub.
51 P. DIURE'TICA (Mart. 1. c.) leaves with thickened revolute
margins, velvety beneath between the ribs and veins; racemes
disposed into a subcorymbose panicle ; flowers clothed with fine
velvety down. ^ . S. Native of Brazil.
Diuretic Palicourea. Shrub.
52 P. OFFICINA'LIS (Mart. 1. c.) shrub clothed with harsh
yellow down in every part ; leaves narrow-elliptic, on short pe-
tioles, acute or rounded at the apex, with a mucrone, tapering
a little at the base ; corymbs disposed into a coarctate panicle.
J? . S. Native of Brazil.
Officinal Palicourea. Shrub.
53 P. AURA'TA (Mart. 1. c. p. 40.) leaves 4 in a whorl, mem-
branous, stiffish, oblong or obovate, on long petioles, bluntish,
glabrous, of a golden yellow colour beneath ; racemes disposed
in a coarctate panicle ; corollas clothed with fine velvety down.
Jj . S. Native of Brazil.
Eared Palicourea. Shrub.
54 P. STRE'PENS (Mart. 1. c.) bark corky; leaves coriaceous,
stiff, glabrous on both surfaces, almost sessile, broad-ovate, ob-
tuse at both ends, with thickened revolute margins, yellowish
beneath ; corymbs disposed into a pyramidal panicle ; corollas
clothed with fine velvety down. Jj . S. Native of Brazil. Per-
haps the same as P. rigida ?
Rattling Palicourea. Shrub.
RUBIACEJE. CLXXIII. PALICOUREA. CLXXIV. CHASALIA.
603
* * * Leaves opposite, sessile.
55 P. RI'GIDA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 370.)
glabrous; branches bluntly tetragonal; leaves elliptic, acutish,
rounded at the base, almost sessile, coriaceous, shining : stipulas
twin on both sides, connected by a short ligula, almost linear,
acute ; panicles on long peduncles, spreading ; corollas clothed
with very fine down ; stamens exserted. Jj . S. Native of New
Andalusia, on arid mountains, tropical Brazil, and at Caraccas.
Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 15. Psychotria rigida,
Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 192. Psych, byrso-
phylla and Psych, rigida, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 747. and 745. and
perhaps P. strepens, Mart. Flowers yellow, varying from pen-
tamerous to hexamerous.
Sti/ Palicourea. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1820. Shrub 3 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Psychotria, p. 599.
CLXXIV. CHASA'LIA (in honour of D. Chasal, once
governor of the Mauritius, a great lover of natural history).
Comm. mss. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 379. A. Rich. mem. soc.
hist. nat. par. 5. p. 166. t. 16. f. 1. D. C. prod. 4. p. 531. —
Psychotria, Coffee, and Nonatelea species, Sieb.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and an urceolate rather tubular limb, with an entire or 5-
toothed border ; lobes or teeth joined together at length. Corolla
with an elongated terete equal tube, and 5 short acutish erect or
spreading lobes, which are usually callous at the apex, and val-
vate in aestivation. Anthers 5, inserted in the middle or top of
the tube of the corolla, inclosed or sometimes a little exserted.
Stigmas 2, linear. Berries ovate, crowned by the limb of the
calyx, containing 2 pyrenae, hardly ribbed even in the dry state ;
pyrenae coriaceously-chartaceous or horny, oblong, marked by
a furrow inside, convex on the outside, and furnished by a
longitudinal crest in the middle, which is extended beyond the
base, 1-seeded. Seed erect, with the transverse section arched,
lunate, and compressed. Embryo at the base of a horny albu-
men.— Glabrous shrubs, all natives of the Mauritius. Leaves
opposite or 3 in a whorl. Stipulas ovate, undivided or com-
bined into a 4-cleft sheath. Flowers tubular, crowded and ses-
sile on the tops of the branches, or disposed in terminal panicled
corymbs. This genus differs from Psychotria in the corolla
being elongated, and from Palicourea in the corolla not being
gibbous at the base, and from both in the urceolate or cam-
panulate calyx. The habit is that of Gcertnera, but the characters
are very different.
* Flowers sessile, and crowded on the tops of the branches.
Leaves opposite. — Chasalia, Juss.
1 C. CAPITA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 531.) leaves opposite, oval,
or obovate, terminating in a very short point ; stipulas ovate,
acuminated, permanent, longer than the petioles ; flowers dis-
posed in spicate heads at the tops of the branches, fascicled, ses-
sile. Tj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Psychotria capitata,
Sieb. fl. maur. no. 56. Corolla tubular, 8-10 lines long, with
acute hardly open lobes. Leaves 2 inches long, and 12-15 lines
broad. Stipulas 8-9 lines long. Fruit unknown. Perhaps the
same as Chasalia Commersonii described by Jussieu.
Capitate-flowered Chasalia. Shrub.
** Flowers disposed in terminal panicled corymbs. Leaves op-
posite.
2 C. PSYCHOTRIOIDES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 531.) leaves opposite,
obovate-oblong, bluntish, coriaceous, cuneated at the base, on
very short petioles ; stipulas ovate, obtuse, about equal in length
to the petioles ; panicles corymbose, pedunculate : rachis and
branches compressed, opposite. fj . S. Native of the Mauri-
tius. Psychotria? Sieb. fl. maur. 2. no. 57. Internodes half
an inch long. Leaves 2^ to 3 inches long, and 15 lines broad.
Corolla in the unexpanded state 7 lines long. Calyx bluntly
5-toothed.
Psychotria-like Chasalia. Shrub.
3 C. coFFEoloEs (D. C. 1. c.) leaves opposite, oblong, bluntish,
cuneated at the base ; stipulas ovate, acute, a little longer than
the petioles ; panicles terminal, pedunculate, somewhat corym-
bose, with the rachi and peduncles compressed, and the branches
opposite. J; . S. Native of the Mauritius. Coffea capitata,
Sieb. fl. maur. exsic. no. 335. Leaves 3-J to 4 inches long, and
12-15 lines broad. Stipulas 5 lines long. Calyx with 5 acute
short teeth. Corolla in the unexpanded state 5 lines long.
Coffee-like Chasalia. Shrub.
4 C. FONTANE'SH (D. C. 1. c.) leaves opposite, obovate-ob-
long, bluntish, attenuated at the base ; stipulas oval, obtuse, de-
ciduous, shorter than the petioles ; panicles terminal, peduncu-
late, rather corymbose, with the rachi and branches compressed.
T? . S. Native of the Mauritius, and probably of the island of
Bourbon. Coffea cymosa, Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 201. ? Very nearly allied to C. coffeoides, but the stipulas
are different. Petioles 4-6 lines long. Fruit ovate, crowned by
the calyx. Flowers unknown.
Desfontaines 's Chasalia. Shrub.
5 C. STIPULAVCEA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 532.) leaves opposite, ob-
ovate, acutish, cuneated at the base ; stipulas combined in the
middle into a 4-cleft sheath, equal in length to the petioles or
longer than them : lobes acuminated, 2 of which are within the
leaves, and 2 between the leaves ; corymbs terminal, trichoto-
mous, with elongated branches, which bear a head of the flowers
each at their tops. Tj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Psychotria,
Sieb. fl. maur. 2. no. 271. Leaves 6 inches long. Corolla 6-7
lines long. Limb of calyx short, 5-toothed.
Large-stipuled Chasalia. Shrub.
6 C. DIVARICA'TA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves opposite, obovate-oblong,
acutish, cuneated a long way at the base, and petiolate ; stipulas
ovate, obtuse, membranous, deciduous, 2 or 3 times shorter
than the leaves ; panicles corymbose, one-half shorter than the
leaves ; lobes of corolla short, acute, straight. fj . S. Native
of the Mauritius. Coffea divaricata, Tausch. ex Sieb. fl. maur.
2. p. 271. in herb. Dunant. Mussoe'nda lanceolata, Poir. diet.
4. p. 392. ? and hence the Chasalia Bourboniaa, Comm.? Leaves
5-6 inches long, and 15 lines broad. Petioles about an inch
long. Calyx urceolate, bluntly and shortly 5-toothed. Corolla
6 lines long.
Divaricate Chasalia. Shrub.
* * * Flowers disposed in terminal panicled corymbs. Leaves
3 in a whorl.
7 C. BORYA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 532.) leaves 3 in a whorl,
elliptic, acute at both ends, on long petioles ; stipulas deciduous ;
panicles trichotomous, a little shorter than the leaves ; lobes of
corolla short, ovate, spreading ; anthers exserted a little from
the throat ; calyx subtruncate. \i . S. Native of the Mauri-
tius and the Island of Bourbon, where it was collected by Bory
de St. Vincent. Sieb. fl. maur. 2. no. 253. Petioles 12-16
lines long. Leaves 4 inches long and 2 broad, with the nerves
often white. Corolla 6 lines long.
Bory de St. Vincent's Chasalia. Shrub.
8 C. GRANDIFOLIA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves 3 in a whorl, elliptic,
acuminated at both ends, rather membranous, on long petioles ;
stipulas ovate, acuminated, rather longer than the petioles ; pa-
nicles thyrsoid, terminal, on short peduncles, fj . S. Native of
the Mauritius. Psychotria grandifolia, Sieb. fl. maur. 2. no.
55. but not of Rcem. et Schultes. Branchlets bluntly trigonal.
Petioles 7-10 lines long. Leaves 5 inches long and l£ broad.
4 H 2
601
RUBIACE;E. CLXXIV. CHASALIA. CLXXV. JACKIA. CLXXVI. CEPH^LIS.
Limb of calyx short, hardly 5-toothed. Corolla 10-1 2 lines long.
Anthers at the throat.
Great-leaved Chasalia. Shruh.
9 C. CLUSI.EFOLIA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves 3 in a whorl, obovate-
oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, attenuated at the base ; stipulas twin,
on botli sides, ovate, obtuse, adpressed, shorter than the petioles;
peduncles rising by threes from the tops of the branches, angu-
larly compressed, and densely corymbose at the apex ; bracteas
numerous, short. I? . S. Native of the Mauritius. Nona-
telia? clusisefolia, Reich, in Sieb. fl. maur. no. 89. Branchlets
angular. Leaves 2-3 inches long and 1 or 1-J broad. Petioles
6 lines long. Bracteas one at the base of each pedicel, and 2
on each. Corolla 5 lines long in the unexpanded state.
far. ft; leaves opposite. fj . S. Growing along with tbe
species.
Clusia-leared Chasalia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see PsycMtria, p. 599.
CLXXV. JA'CKIA (named in memory of the late William
Jack, a surgeon in the service of the East India Company, whose
well known indefatigable labours in natural history have long
ago entitled him to the highest respect). Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind.
2. p. 321. D. C. prod. 4. p. 621.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx uni-
lateral, trifid. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a filiform tube, and a
campanulate 5-cleft border; segments lanceolate, valvate in
aestivation. Anthers filiform, sessile in the throat of the corolla,
semi-exserted. Style long, hairy in the middle ; stigma 2-lobed.
Capsule? crowned by 3 large unilateral wings, 1 -celled, and
1 -seeded? — Tree tall. Leaves large, opposite, on short petioles,
clliptic-obovate, cuspidate, clothed with rusty hairs beneath, as
well as the branches, which are obscurely quadrangular. Stipulas
combined, sheathing, fringed, interpetiolar. Panicles large, axil-
lary, opposite, pendulous, on very long peduncles, hairy, and
villous, with spreading opposite slender branches, each termi-
nated by a corymb of crowded subdichotomous spikes. Pedun-
cles slender, compressed, partial ones each supported by a pair
of ample fringed connate bracteas, which sometimes grow out at
the margins into opposite small floral leaves. Flowers white,
inodorous, sessile, alternate, disposed in short unilateral spikes,
and each flower is supported by an oval densely villous toothed
permanent bractea, and these bracteas are somewhat imbricated
on the back of the spikes.
1 J. ORNA'TA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 321. pi. asiac. rar.
3. p. 68. t. 293.) fj . S. Native of the East Indies, in several
of the small islands in the immediate vicinity of Singapore. A
very large branching umbrageous tree. Leaves 6 to 10 or even
1 4 inches long, crowded at the tops of the branches.
Decked Jackia. Tree large.
Cult. See Psychotria, p. 599. for culture and propagation.
SUBTRIBE II. CEFHJELI'DEK (the plants contained in this sub-
tribe agree with the genus Cephce'lis in the flowers being dis-
posed in involucrated heads). D. C. prod. 4. p. 532. — Cephae-
lidese, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 4. p. 133. Flowers dis-
posed in fasciculate heads ; the heads involucrated by bracteas.
CLXXVI. CEPH^LIS (from Ke$a\T,, kephale, ahead; in
reference to the disposition of the flowers in heads). Swartz,
prod. p. 45. fl. ind. occ. p. 435. t. 10. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist,
nat. Par. 5. p. 172. D. C. prod. 4. p. 532.— Cephae'lis and
E'vea, Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 402. exclusive of syn. 2. and 5. —
Tapagomea and Evea, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 157. and 100. Juss.
gen. 258. Poir. diet. 7. p. 515.— Callicocca, Schreb. gen. no.
316.— CephaeMeis, Vahl, eclog. 1. p. 19.
LIN. gYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obovate
tube, and a very short 5-toothed limb. Corolla funnel-shaped,
with 5 small bluntish lobes. Anthers inclosed. Stigma bifid,
usually exserted. Berries obovate, oblong, 2-celled, 2-seeded,
crowned by the vestiges of the calyx. — Shrubs and herbs, natives
of America. Leaves ovate, acute, petiolate. Stipulas twin on
both sides, free or combined, and sometimes bidentate or bipar-
tite. Heads of flowers terminal or axillary, sessile or peduncu-
late, involucrated by 2-8 bracteas, which are disposed in a cru-
ciately opposite manner ; there are also bracteoles or paleae
among the flowers. — Perhaps the species with dry berries, and
those with fleshy berries, ought to be separated into distinct
genera. Perhaps E~vea is properly joined with this genus, not-
withstanding its tetrandrous flowers. Probably Carapichea
might be joined with this genus, but for its exserted stamens.
SECT. I. TAPOGOMEA (Tapogomo is the Guiana name of the
first species). D. C. prod. 4. p. 533. Heads of flowers invo-
lucrated by 2 large spreading connate coloured bracteas.
1 C. TOMENTOSA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 977.) branches, petioles,
peduncles, leaves, and involucra hairy ; stipulas acuminated,
villous ; heads of flowers on long peduncles ; leaves of involu-
crum broad, ovate-cordate, wide at the apex. Jj . S. Native of
Guiana, Trinidad, and probably of Mexico (if C. cyanocarpa,
Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. be the same,) in open spaces
of woods, and about way sides. Tapogomea tomentosa, Aubl.
guian. 1. p. 160. t. 61. Cephae'leis tomentosa, Vahl, eclog. I. p.
19. Callicocca tomentosa, Gmel. syst. 1. p. 371. Peduncles
axillary and terminal. Bracteas or involucrum scarlet, or of a ver-
milion-colour, large, sometimes long-acuminated, and sometimes
only cuspidate. Branches obscurely tetragonal. Berries striated,
ex Aubl., but blue and smooth according to the fig. in fl. mex.
There are therefore 2 species probably confused. In Trinidad
we have seen this shrub growing in great abundance, and where
it makes a very elegant appearance from its scarlet bracteas ;
the flowers, as far as we can remember, are brownish, and the
berries bluish.
Woolly Cephas. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1825. Sh. 4 feet.
2 C. PUNI'CEA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 977.) quite glabrous ; sti-
pulas obtuse ; heads of flowers on long peduncles ; leaves of in-
volucrum obtuse, longer than the heads. ^ . S. Native of Ja-
maica. Cephae'lis punicea, Vahl, eclog. 1. p. 19. Tapogbmea
punicea, Poir. diet. 7. p. 585. Leaves oblong or elliptic, acu-
minated at both ends, 3-5 inches long. Branches reddish. Pe-
tioles villous at the base while young. Stipulas twin on both
sides, joined to the middle. Peduncles rising between 2 branch-
lets, furrowed, reddish. Leaves of involucrum scarlet, cordate,
ovate.
Scar/et-involucred Cephaelis. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
3 C. ELA'TA (Swartz, prod. p. 45. fl. ind. occ. p. 437.) quite
glabrous ; stipulas obtuse ; heads of flowers globose, on long
peduncles ; leaves of involucrum obtuse, hardly equal in length
to the heads. J; . S. Native of the south of Jamaica, on the
high mountains ; and of Guadeloupe. Callicocca elaia, Gmel.
syst. 1. p. 372. Tapogomea elata, Poir. diet. 7. p. 585.
Branchlets tetragonal. Leaves oblong, 6 inches long. Stipulas
bidentate. Leaves of involucrum large, roundish, cordate, con-
cave, purplish red. Paleae among the flowers small, stiff, and
coloured. Corolla with a villous throat.
Tall Cephaelis. Clt. 1793. Shrub 12 to 15 feet.
4 C. RUELU.EFOLIA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 134.)
every part of the plant is clothed with short hairs ; leaves broad-
lanceolate, acute, attenuated at both ends, on short petioles,
membranous ; stipulas triangular, bifid at the apex ; heads of
flowers terminal, almost sessile, solitary or by threes ; floral
leaves connate and dilated ; bracteas reticulately nerved, lanceo-
RUBIACE^. CLXXVI. CEPH^LIS.
605
late, longer than the calyx. Ij . S. Native of equinoxial
Brazil.
Ruellia-leaved Cephselis. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
SECT. II. CALLICO'CCA (from caXXioroc, Jcallistos, the most beau-
tiful, and KOKKOC, Jcokkos, a berry ; the berries are blue or pur-
plish). D. C. prod. 4. p. 533. Heads of flowers involucrated
by distinct ovate or oblong erectly adpressed bracteas.
* Shrubs. Heads of flowers pedunculate.
5 C. JUSTICIJEFOLIA (Rudge, pi. guian. 1. p. 28. t. 43.) gla-
brous ; branches dependent, knotted; leaves oval -lanceolate ;
stipulas truncate, hidentate; heads on long peduncles, involu-
crated by broad-lanceolate bracteas ; calyx nearly entire. Pj . S.
Native of Guiana, on the banks of rivers. Peduncles downy.
Bracteas fulvous. Corolla with a bearded throat. Flowers ses-
sile on a disk formed by the bases of the bracteas.
Justicia- leaved Cephaelis. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
6 C. STIPULA'CEA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1005.) stem suffruticose,
nearly simple ; leaves cuneate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous ;
stipulas semiorbicular ; heads on very short peduncles, axillary,
and terminal, involucrated by roundish bracteas. Ij . S. Native
of Java, on the mountains. Stipulas large, membranous. Mar-
gin of calyx truncate, entire. Berries dry, 2-celled, compressed,
the commissure drawn out into a prominent angle on both sides.
Stipulaceovs Cephaelis. Shi ub 1 to 2 feet.
7 C. LIGULA'RIS (Rich. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 533.) gla-
brous ; leaves petiolate, oval, acutish ; stipulas broad, emargi-
nate ; peduncles compressed, solitary, involucrated by 9-10
ligiilar bracteas; calyx hardly 5-toothed. T? . S. Native of
French Guiana. Schradcra ligularis, Rudge, pi. guian. 1. p.
29. t. 815. Tratt. tab. t. 84. According to Richard, the ova-
rium is 2-celled, and the cells 1 -seeded, and therefore it is a true
species of Cephceiis.
Zig«/ar-bractead Cephaelis. Shrub.
8 C. sALicii-oLiA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 376.)
glabrous ; leaves almost sessile, lanceolate, acuminated, shining ;
stipulas subulate, combined at the base ; heads of flowers pe-
dunculate, terminal, involucrated by 4 ovate-cordate leaves or
bracteas. ^ • S. Native of New Andalusia, in arid places on
Mount Cocollar. Involucrum green. Branches compressed
while young.
IVillow-leaved Cephaelis. Tree 20 feet.
9 C. GLA'BRA(Willd. spec. 1. p. 979.) branches terete, clothed
with rufous villi while young ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, gla-
brous, downy on the veins beneath ; stipulas bipartite, acute ;
heads pedunculate, terminal, rather hairy. fj . S. Native of
French Guiana, in open places. Tapogomea glabra, Aubl. guian.
1. p. 108. t. 63. Callicocca glabra, Gmel. syst. 1. p. 372.
Corollas and berries blue.
Glabrous Cephselis. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
10 C. BIIACTEOCA'RDIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 534.) branches
terete, clothed with velvety down while young, but glabrous in
the ailult state ; leaves elliptic-oblong, tapering to both ends,
downy on the veins beneath ; stipulas twin on both sides, subu-
late, joined a little way at the base ; heads of flowers peduncu-
late, terminal, downy, involucrated by 4-6 acute bracteas, which
are cordate at the base. (7 . S. Native of French Guiana,
where it was collected by Patris ; and of Brazil, in the province
of Bahia by Salzmann.
Var. a ; bracteas acuminated, purplish. — Native of Guiana.
Var. /3 ; bracteas pale, less acuminated. Native of Brazil, at
Bahia. Corollas flesh-coloured.
Var. y ; bracteas pale, hardly acuminated, rather ovate at the
base. — Native of Guiana.
Hearl-bractead Cephaelis. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
11 C. AMBI'OUA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 534.) branches terete,
downy, compressed while young ; leaves elliptic-oblong, tapering
to both ends, downy on the veins beneath ; stipulas twin on both
sides, subulate, joined together a little way at the base ; heads
pedunculate, terminal, smoothish, involucrated by 4-6 bracteas,
which are hardly cordate at the base, and very blunt at the
apex. 1? . S. Native of Brazil, near Bahia, in shady valleys,
where it was collected by Salzmann. Involucrum violaceous.
Ambiguous Cephaelis. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
12 C. CR&CEA (Meyer, esseq. p. 107.) glabrous; branches
rather tetragonal ; leaves ovate, short-acuminated at both ends ;
stipulas linear, twin ; heads terminal, globose, on short pedun-
cles, involucrated by 8 oblong-linear bracteas, and without any
paleae among the flowers, fj . S. Native of Dutch Guiana, at
Essequebo. Corolla saffron-coloured, villous outside. Leaves
of involucrum ciliated, yellowish.
Sajfrtm-coloured-flowered Cephaelis. Shrub.
13 C. HUMBOLDTIA'NA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p.
136.) glabrous ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, tapering to both ends,
on short petioles, firm and shining ; stipulas tooth-formed on
both sides at the base of the petioles ; heads terminal, peduncu-
late, nearly globose, loose ; bracteas membranous, nerved : outer
ones roundish-ovate : inner ones more acute. Tj . S. Native of
South America, at Javita, in shady places.
Humboldt's Cephaelis. Shrub.
14 C. DICHO'TOMA (Rudge, pi. guian. 1. p. 29. t. 44.) gla-
brous ; branches dichotomous ; leaves on short petioles, ovate-
lanceolate ; stipulas bidentate ; heads terminal, on short pedun-
cles, involucrated by nearly orbicular bracteas. fj . S. Native
of French Guiana, and of Brazil, near the river Ilheos, if C. di-
chotoma, Nees et Mart. nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 17. be the same.
Bracteas fulvous. Calyx obsoletely 5-cleft. Fruit furrowed, as
in the genus Psychotria.
Dichotomous Cephaelis. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
15 C. SWA'RTZH (D. C. prod. 4. p. 534.) glabrous ; branch-
lets rather tetragonal ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated,
nerved, petiolate ; stipulas broad, combined, acuminated, at
length ciliated ; heads terminal, globose, pedunculate, involu-
crated by 5 ovate concave bracteas ; paleae among the flowers
obtuse. fj . S. Native of the West India Islands, and of St.
Lucia, &c. C. violacea, Swartz, prod. p. 45. fl. ind. occ. 439.
exclusive of the synonymes. Peduncles an inch long, quadran-
gular. Corollas bluish. Berries blue. Bracteas violaceous.
It differs from the true C. violacea in the heads of the flowers
being pedunculated, in the stipulas being ciliated, and in the
paleae among the flowers being obtuse.
Swartz' s Cephaelis. Shrub 4 to 6 feet ?
16 C. MARANHAME'NSIS; leaves broad-oblong, acuminated,
membranous, glabrous ; heads of flowers terminal and axillary.
Tj . S. Native of Maranham, on the banks of rivulets. Shrub
branched. Flowers violaceous.
Maranham Cephaelis. Shrub 4 feet.
17 C. FERRUGINEA ; climbing, villous ; leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, acuminated, rusty beneath, petiolate ; peduncles axillary,
elongated, villous ; heads involucrated by many leaves. (7 . S.
Native of Sierra Leone, on the banks of rivulets.
Rusty Cephaelis. Shrub cl.
18 C. PEDUNCULA'TA (Salisb. par. lond. 2. t. 99.) stem terete,
swelled below the joints ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, glabrous,
tapering to both ends ; stipulas twin on both sides, combined
almost to the top, keeled ; heads of flowers pedunculate, ter-
minal, or in the forks of the branches ; outer bracteas repandly
toothed ; calyx bearded ; segments of calyx horned on the
back. I? . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Flowers white.
Peduncled Cephaelis. Fl. Feb. Clt. ? Shrub 2 feet.
606
RUBIACE^. CLXXVI. CEPHJELIS.
19 C. CORIA'CEA; leaves oblong, coriaceous, dark green;
heads on long peduncles, involucrated by many leaves, fj . S.
Native of Sierra Leone, on the edges of woods.
Coriaceous-leaved Cephaelis. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
* * Shrubs. Heads of flowers sessile.
20 C. VIOLA'CEA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 977. exclusive of the syno-
nyme of Swartz.) glabrous; branches nearly terete ; leaves oval,
acuminated, on short petioles ; stipulas broad, somewhat con-
crete, obtuse, rather scarious at the apex ; heads of flowers
terminal, globose, sessile, declinate, involucrated by 5 ovate-
roundish bracteas ; paleae among the flowers acute, fj . S. Na-
tive of French Guiana, in woods, in humid places. Tapogomea
violacea, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 157. t. 60. Leaves 3-5 inches long.
Bracteas and corollas violaceous. Berries blue, angular.
Fiolaceous-fiov/ered Cephaelis. Shrub.
21 C. NU'DA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 135.) gla-
brous ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, sub-acuminated, membranous,
on short petioles ; stipulas small, twin, on both sides acute ;
heads terminal, sessile, few-flowered, involucrated by pellucid,
membranous bracteas. I? . S. Native of Brazil, near Rio
Janeiro.
Naked Cephaelis. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
22 C. MUSCOSA (Swartz, prod. p. 46. fl. ind. occ. p. 442.) gla-
brous ; leaves ovate-oblong, attenuated at both ends, on short
petioles ; stipulas sheathing, bidentate on both sides ; heads ter-
minal, almost sessile, involucrated by numerous oblong bracteas ;
paleae among the flowers toothed. T? . S. Native of Marti-
nique, in mountain woods, and by river sides. The same plant
has been found in French Guiana, Trinidad, about the Havannah,
in Cuba, &c. Monnda muscosa, Jacq. amer. p. 65. t. 35. Ta-
pogomea muscosa, Poir. diet. 7. p. 587. Leaves 3-4 inches
long. Stipulas rusty. Corollas white. The branches are always
covered with moss.
Mossy Cephselis. Tree 15 feet.
23 C. AXILLA'RIS (Swartz, prod. p. 45. fl. ind. occ. p. 441.)
glabrous ; leaves petiolate, oblong, acuminated at both ends ;
stipulas ovate, combined, membranous, obtuse ; heads axillary,
sessile, globose, involucrated by 4-6 bracteas ; paleae among the
flowers ovate, obtuse, t? . S. Native of the West India Islands,
as of St. Christopher, Guadaloupe, &c. Tapogomea axillaris,
Poir. diet. 7. p. 585.
Axillary-dowered Cephaelis. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1816.
Shrub 4 feet.
24 C. OBLONGA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 535.) glabrous ; branches
dichotomous, terete ; leaves oblong, tapering to both ends, on
short petioles ; stipulas acuminated at length, truncate, ciliated ;
heads terminal, sessile, involucrated by 4 oblong bracteas. Tj .
S. Native of French Guiana. Branches purplish. Leaves
painted with white above, as in C. purpurea, 2-3 inches long,
and an inc,h broad. Berries almost dry, striated, much smaller
than peas.
06/ong-leaved Cephaelis. Shrub.
25 C. PRUNIF&LIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 377.)
bracteas terete, downy ; leaves oblong, acute, mucronate, gla-
brous, shining ; stipulas bidentate : teeth furrowed ; heads ter-
minal, sessile, involucrated by 4 spatulate ciliated bracteas.
1? . S. Native of South America, in shady places on the banks
of the Orinoco, near the cataract of Maypures. Involucrum
green. Corollas blue. There is a variety of this species with
tetramerous flowers, hence the genus Evea has been joined with
Cephae'lis.
Plum-leaved Cephselis. Shrub.
26 C. FRA GRANS (Hook, et Am. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 64.
t. 13.) flowers tetrandrous; branchlets compressed; leaves
1
broad-oval, obtuse, coriaceous, glabrous, reticulately veined, on
short petioles ; stipulas ovate, acuminated ; peduncles bibracteo-
late at the base ; bracteas heart-shaped ; flowers by threes, ses-
sile. Jj • Gr. Native of Elizabeth Island, one of the Society
Inlands. It seems to approach C. speciosa, Sprengel, from Ota-
hiti. Corollas red.
Fragrant Cephaelis. Tree 20 feet.
27 C. EVE'A (D. C. prod. 4. p. 535.) glabrous ; branchlets
rather tetragonal ; leaves oval-oblong, on short petioles ; sti-
pulas oblong, undivided ; heads axillary, sessile, involucrated by
4 ovate, obtuse bracteas ; flowers tetramerous and tetrandrous.
fy . S. Native of French Guiana, in woods, where it is called
Eve by the natives. Evea Guianensis, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 100.
t. 39. Lam. ill. t. 59. diet. 2. p. 392. Cephae'lis tetrandra,
Willd. spec. 1. p. 979. Paleaa among the flowers acute. Co-
rollas white.
Evea Cephaelis. Shrub.
* * Herbaceous plants.
28 C. PURPUREA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 978.) stems creeping,
ascending, hispid from rufescent hairs at the tops ; leaves ob-
long, acuminated, hispid on the nerves beneath, and ciliated on
the edges ; stipulas twin, hispid ; heads terminal, almost sessile,
involucrated by 2 oblong bracteas, which are, as well as the
paleae among the flowers, ciliated. I/ . H. S. Native of French
Guiana, in woods, and of Maranham. Tapogomea purpurea,
Aubl. guian. 1. p. 162. t. 63. f. 3. Callicocca purpurea, Gmel.
syst. 1. p. 371. Leaves painted with a white line above. Co-
rollas and berries purple.
Purple-fioviered. Cephaelis. Fl. April, June. PI. creeping.
29 C. A'LBA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 978.) stems creeping, hairy ;
leaves broad-ovate, acute, petiolate, villous ; stipulas lanceolate ;
heads terminal, sessile, involucrated by 5 ciliated bracteas. if..
S. Native of French and Dutch Guiana, in woods, Meyer,
esseq. p. 106. Tapogomea alba, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 164. t. 62.
f. 4. Callicocca alba, Gmel. syst. 1. p. 371. Leaves of invo-
lucra rufescent. Corolla reddish on first expanding, but almost
immediately afterwards becoming white. Berries red.
^/ii<e-flowered Cephaelis. PI. creeping.
30 C. IPECACUA'NHA (A. Rich, bull. fac. med. 1818. pol. 4.
p. 92. diet. sc. med. vol. 26. with a figure) stems ascending at
first, but at length becoming erect, rather downy at the apex ;
leaves oblong-ovate, scabrous above, and clothed with fine
down beneath ; stipulas setaceously cleft ; heads terminal, pe-
dunculate, erect at first, but at length becoming pendulous, in-
volucrated by 4 subcordate bracteas. "If. . S. Native of Brazil,
in woods and valleys on the mountains. Tuss. in Desv. journ.bot.
4. p. 247. Mart. mat. med. bras. 1. p. 4. t. 1. St. Hil. pi. usuel.
bras. t. 6. Steph. et Church. 2. t. 62. C. emetica, Pers. ench.
1. p. 203. exclusive of the synonymes Callicocca Ipecacuanha,
Brot. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 137. t. 11. Ipecacuanha officinalis,
Arrud. disc. p. 44. ex. St. Hil. — Pis. bras. 231. — Marcgr. bras.
1 7. Root creeping, annular, brown or greyish, and is the Ipeca-
cuanha of the shops of Europe, and the Poyas of those of Brazil.
Leaves crowded at the tops of the stems, which are simple, and
obscurely tetragonal. Flowers white, downy outside.
Although the root of ipecacuanha has been long employed as
a valuable article of the Materia Medica, yet the botanical cha-
racters of the plant which produced it remained unknown till
Professor Brotero, of Coimbra, determined the genus to which
it ought to be referred, with the assistance of observations made
in Brazil, on living plants, by Bernardo Gomez, a resident
medical botanist. The plant is a native of moist woods near
Pernambuco, Bahia, Rio Janeiro, and other provinces of Brazil.
It is called Ipecacuanha by the natives of some parts of Brazil ;
RUBIACEjE. CLXXVI. CEPH^LIS.
607
Poaia do Matto by those of the southern provinces ; and Cipo
by others, which is the name often given to it by the Portuguese
settlers. The root is simple, or a little branched, and furnished
with a few short radicles, irregularly bent, externally brown,
wrinkled from rings.
It appears that a native of Brazil, whose name was Mi-
chael Tristan, was the first who brought ipecacuanha into
use. He speaks of it as a remedy for dysentery. Piso
afterwards describes it, and speaks of two sorts (hist. nat. bras.
p. 101.), the white and brown, which he says were given for
fluxes, and as vomits. But we are indebted to Helvetius for
bringing it into general use, under the patronage of Louis XIV.,
from whom he received a thousand pounds, to reveal the secret
medicine with which he so successfully treated dysentery. Be-
sides the brown ipecacuanha, there is another sort, brought from
Brazil, which varies in appearance from the former ; and some
have supposed that these differences are owing to accidental
circumstances, such as the place of growth, the kind of soil, &c. ;
but, on the authority of M. Gomez, the common brown ipecacu-
anha of the shops, is yielded to be Cephcelis ipecacuanha, while
the white is the root of Richardsbnia scabra and R. rosea,
which is exported largely to Portugal. Besides these, the name
of ipecacuanha, which, in the language of South America, means
vomiting root, is given to various species of Cyndnchum, Ascle-
pias, Euphorbia, Di-rstenia, and Ruellia ; and with regard to
their comparative power, De Candolle says that vomiting is
produced by 22 grains of Cyndnchum ; by 24 of Psychotria
emetica; by from 60 to 72 of Viola calceolaria; and by from 1
to 3 drachms of C. ipecacuanha. Linnaeus, in a paper pub-
lished in the third volume of " Amoenitates Academicae," gave
ipecacuanha, as a trivial name, to a species of Euphorbia, a na-
tive of Virginia and Carolina, the root of which is there used as
an emetic. But this was soon discovered not to be real ipecacu-
anha. In his second " Mantissa" he gave the trivial name to a
species of Viola, a native of Brazil, the root of which he sup-
posed to be the white ipecacuanha of the shops. De Candolle,
in a paper published in the " Bulletin des Sciences par la Societe
Philomatique," and republished entire in the " Nouveau Dic-
tionnaire d' Histoire Naturelle," says there are three species of
Viola which produce the white ipecacuanha ; the V. calceolaria,
a native of Guiana and the Antilles ; the V. ipecacuanha, and
the V. paniflora, both natives of Brazil. The roots of these,
and especially the last, are sometimes mingled in common with
the true, or brown, ipecacuanha ; but they are a fraudulent
adulteration, and do not possess its active properties. They
may be distinguished by their colour, but most certainly by the
size of the woody part, which in these is always considerably
thicker than the bark ; whereas in the true ipecacuanha it is
much less, and, as described by Brotero, is only a fibre.
The black or striated Ipecacuanha (Psychotria emetica) is ex-
ported from Carthagena to Cadiz, and is also said to be the
Peruvian grey ipecacuanha. The root is black within and
without, fusiform, articulated, striated, and not annulated.
The rvhite ipecacuanha is described by Gomez to be the root
of Richardsbnia scabra; it is of a dirty white, and turns
brown by drying ; it is simple, or a little branched, often 5 or 6
lines thick, 3 inches long and upwards, variously twisted, and
tapering at its extremities, with transverse annular rugosities,
larger than those of the brown ipecacuanha. The common
brown ipecacuanha is exported from Rio Janeiro to Portugal.
Its colour varies from different degrees of grey and brown ; but
it is characterized by being contorted, wrinkled, and unequal in
thickness ; having a thick brittle bark, deeply fissured trans-
versely, covering a central, very small white wood, so as to give
the idea of a number of rings strung upon a thread.
Qualities and chemical properties. — Powdered ipecacuanha
has a sickly odour, and a bitterish acid taste ; and on those who
pulverize it, sometimes excites such powerful effects as to pro-
duce nausea, faintings, and spitting of blood. It has been sub-
jected to various chemical investigations, and Dr. Irvine ascer-
tained that it contains a gum resin. MM. Pellitier and Ma-
gendie, while pursuing their investigation on ipecacuanha, dis-
covered that the power of the various kinds of ipecacuanha
depended on a peculiar principle, to which the name emetine has
been given ; and they think that it might upon all occasions be
substituted with advantage, being much more active than ipeca-
cuanha itself, without possessing its disagreeable taste and smell.
The latter quality resides in a greasy substance, quite distinct
from its emetine virtue ; for M. Caventon swallowed it with
impunity to the extent of 6 grains. — All vegetable astringents,
as infusion of galls and vegetable acids, weaken or destroy the
power of ipecacuanha ; and Dr. Irvine found that half a drachm,
administered in 2 ounces of vinegar, had little effect.
Medical properties and uses. — The utility of ipecacuanha is
generally known, and properly appreciated. As an emetic, it
operates in doses of from 5 to 30 grains, surely and efficiently,
without depressing the system at large, like many other emetics,
or injuring the mucous membrane of the stomach ; it is there-
fore to be preferred as a mere evacuant of that organ ; and it can
be given in the fullest doses with perfect safety, and without
exciting much nausea. Its power as an emetic has been rather
undervalued in one particular view ; for if opium be taken,
recourse is generally had to violent remedies, which, by simple
contact with the stomach, when in a torpid condition, cannot fail
to produce injurious results. Ipecacuanha is sometimes em-
ployed in a full dose after the accession of a paroxysm of inter-
mittent fever ; and, by destroying the link which held the chain
of diseased sympathies together, it has often succeeded in cutting
short the disease. Paroxysms of spasmodic asthma also often
yield to the same treatment; and in the more chronic form of
that disease, small doses advantageously produce both expec-
toration and perspiration. In chronic dysentery and diarrhoea,
it is a most useful medicine in small doses. Given in doses of
half a grain, it promotes secretion in the lining membrane of the
bowels, whereby a healthy condition is eventually re-established,
and is, therefore, frequently prescribed in cases of dyspepsia,
attended by a foul tongue. Small nauseating doses are advan-
tageously given to subdue uterine and pulmonary haemorrhages ;
and combined with opium, the effects of both appear to be modi-
fied ; so that under the name of Dover's powders, doses of from
5 to 10 grains form one of the most powerful and useful sudo-
rifics that can be employed for acute or chronic rheumatism,
and for eruptive diseases that are disposed to recede. Nauseat-
ing doses of ipecacuanha are also useful for hooping-cough,
epilepsy and aneurosis. Two kinds of emetine are obtained
from ipecacuanha — the coloured emetine and pure emetine ; the
latter is white and powdery, not acted on by the air, whereas
coloured emetine is deliquescent. The cases in which emetine
may be given, are the same as those in which ipecacuanha is in-
dicated. Pure emetine is much more powerful than the coloured.
Two grains are sufficient to kill a large dog. The officinal pre-
parations are Pulvis ipecacuanhas, Compositu and Vinum ipeca-
cuanhas. Pectoral lozenges of emetine are useful in chronic
pulmonary catarrhs, hooping-cough, obstinate diarrhoeas, &c.
Ipecacuanha Cephaelis. PI. -j to 1 foot.
31 C. RU'BRA (Hoffm. ex Willd. mss. in Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 214.) stem dichotomous, kneed; leaves ovate, acumi-
nated, petiolate, glabrous above, and downy beneath ; stipulas
sheathing, bidentate ; heads terminal, on short peduncles, involu-
crated by 6 unequal bracteas. T(.. H. S. Native of Brazil.
Roots creeping. Veins of leaves purple. Stems flexuous, tumid
at the joints.
608 RUBIACE.E. CLXXVI. CEPHJELIS. CLXXVII. CARAPICHEA. CLXXVIII. SUTERIA. CLXXIX. GEOPIIILA,
./Jed-veined-leaved Cephselis. PI. 1 foot.
32 C. COLORA'TA (Hoffm. ex Willd. mss. in Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 213.) stems herbaceous, simple, glabrous; leaves ob-
long, tapering at both ends, roughish beneath ; stipulas furnished
with 2 bristles on each side ; heads terminal, on short pedun-
cles, y.. S. Native of Brazil. Stems thickened at the
joints.
Coloured Cephaelis. PI. 1 foot.
33 C. PUBE'SCENS (Hoffm. 1. c.) stem simple, herbaceous,
downy ; leaves elliptic, acute at both ends, downy at the veins ;
heads pedunculate, terminal, involucrated by many leaves. I/ .
S. Native of Brazil, at Bahia.
Donmy Cephaelis. PI. | to 1 foot.
34 C. HOFFMANSEGGIA'NA (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
214.) stem herbaceous, branched ; branches dichotomous or tri-
chotomous ; leaves oblong, narrowed at both ends, acuminated ;
heads terminal, surrounded by a 4-leaved involucrum. % . S.
Native of Brazil. C. dichotoma, Willd. rel. but not of Rudge.
Nearly allied to C. rubra, but the stems are much taller.
Hoffmansegg's Cephaelis. PI. 2 feet.
•f Species not sufficiently known.
35 C. GEMMIFLORA (Willd. rel. and Schultes, syst. 5. p. 213.)
leaves /obovate, tapering at both ends, glabrous ; heads globose,
twin,/oh>4ong peduncles, involucrated. fj . S. Native country
unknown.
Bud-flowered Cephaelis. Shrub.
36 C. ? BIDENTA'TA (Humb. ex Willd. rel. in Roam, et
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 214.) leaves oblong, acuminated, glabrous;
heads globose, terminal ; involucrum 2-leaved, bidentate. If. . S.
Native of Sierra Leone.
Bidentate-\nvo\ucred Cephaelis. PI. ?
Cult. See Psychblria, p. 599. for the culture and propaga-
tion of the shrubby species ; and Geophlla, p. 609. for those of
the herbaceous kinds.
CLXXVII. CARAPl'CHEA (Carapiche is the Caribbean
name of the first species). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 167. t. 68. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 536. Cephaelis species, Willd. Juss. Eurothia,
Neck. elem.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. All as in Cepltce'lis, ex-
cept in the anthers and stigmas, which are a little exserted. Ber-
ries dry, bipartible, angularly furrowed, crowned by the small
limb of the calyx ; nuts or pyrenae 1 -seeded, smooth on the out-
side, not striated, as in Cephce'lis. — Glabrous shrubs, with ra-
ther nodose branches. Leaves petiolate, oval, acuminated.
Stipulas twin on both sides, combined at the base, and therefore
bidentate. Heads of the flowers rising from the axils of the
upper leaves, on short peduncles, deflexed, girded by 4 acute
bracteas. Corollas white. According to Willdenow, Jussieu,
and Richard, this genus should only form a section of Ce-
phce'lis,
1 C. AUBLE'TII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 536.) stipulas almost dis-
tinct, biglandular at the base ; the 2 exterior bracteas of the
heads elongated and acuminated, and the 2 interior ones short
and mucronate. Tj . S. Native of French Guiana, in woods,
where it is called Carapiche by the natives. C. Guianensis,
Aubl. guian. 1. p. 168. t. 68. Callicocca Guianensis, Gmel.
syst. 1. p. 372. Cephaelis involucrata, Willd. spec. 1. p. 979.
Tapogomea Carapichea, Poir, diet. 7. p. 587. Leaves lanceolate,
glabrous. Flowers small, white. Berries small, capsular.
Quito's Carapichea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1826. Shrub 5
to 7 feet.
2 C. PATR!SH (D. C. prod. 4. p. 536.) stipulas combined,
biclentate at the apex ; bracteas of the heads of the flowers
nearly equal, ovate, acute, t? . S. Native of French Guiana,
where it was collected by Patris. Stems terete, dichotomous.
Leaves oval-lanceolate, acute at the base, and acuminated at the
apex. Heads on very short peduncles, hardly larger than peas.
Corolla white, hairy on the inner part of the limb. Anthers
linear, exserted.
Patris's Carapichea. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
Cult. See Psychalria, p. 599. for culture and propagation.
CLXXVIII. SUTE'RIA (named after John Rudolph Suter,
a professor at Bern in Switzerland ; author of Flora Helvetica,
&c.). D. C. prod. 4. p. 536. — Cephas lis species of Lindl.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a tubular angular limb, which is 5 times longer than
the ovarium, having an unequally 5-toothed border. Corolla
salver-sliaped, with a terete tube, a naked throat, and 5 oval-
oblong lobes. Anthers sessile, inclosed. Stigma bilamellate.
Fruit 2-celled, 2-seeded. — A glabrous shining shrub, with terete
branches. Leaves almost sessile, oblong-lanceolate. Stipulas
ovate, deciduous. Heads of flowers axillary, almost sessile,
usually 6-flowered, surrounded by ovate-foliaceous bracteas.
Paleae among the flowers linear. Corollas white, almost like
those of jasmine, sweet-scented. — This genus differs from Ce~
phce Us in the form of the calyx.
1 S. CALYCI'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 536.) tj . S. Native of Bra-
zil. Cephae'lis calycina, Lindl. coll. t. 21.
Large-calyxed Suteria. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1816. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Psychotria, p. 599.
CLXXIX. GEO'PHILA (from yij, ge, the earth, and
phileo, to love ; the species creep on the surface of the earth,
and the stems never rise beyond it). D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p.
136. but not of Berg. D. C. prod. 4. p. 537. — Psychotria spe-
cies, Lin. — Cepbae'lis species, Kuntli.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obovate
tube, and a 5-parted limb; segments linear, spreadingly recurved.
Corolla tubular, with a pilose throat, and 5 oval somewhat re-
curved lobes. Anthers 5, inclosed. Stigma bifid. Berry ovoid,
angularly ribbed, crowned by the calyx, 2-celled, 2-seeded. —
Perennial depressed creeping herbs. Leaves petiolate, cordate,
similar to those of some species of Viola. Stipulas solitary on
both sides, undivided. Peduncles rising from the axils of the
ultimate leaves, terminal, solitary, bearing many flowers at the
apex. Flowers almost sessile, umbellate, involucrated by brac-
teas, which are shorter than the flowers.
1 G. RENIFORMIS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 4. p. 137.)
petioles hairy above ; leaves reniform, obtuse, with the lobes at
the base approximate ; bracteas linear ; peduncles 4-6-flowered,
shorter than the leaves. %. S. Native of South America, in
shady places ; as of Jamaica, Porto-Rico, Cuba, about the Ori-
noco, Brazil, Guiana, Society Islands, &c. Psychotria herbacea,
Lin. spec. p. 245. Jacq. amer. t. 46. Tuss. ant. t. 8. Psycho-
trophum herbaceum, Browne, jam. p. 161. Cephae'lis renifor-
mis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 377. Flowers white.
Berries red. There are varieties of this with downy or glabrous
stems and leaves. Leaves always glabrous beneath.
Kidney-shaped-leaved Geophila. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1793.
PI. creeping.
2 G. VIOLA'CEA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 537.) petioles hairy above;
leaves cordate-reniform, obtuse, glabrous, with the lobes approxi-
mate at the base ; umbels few-flowered, almost sessile between
the ultimate pair of leaves ; bracteas linear-lanceolate. If. . S.
Native of Cayenne and Guiana, in woods (Aubl.) ; and of the
Isthmus of Panama (Haenke). Psychotria violacea, Aubl. guian.
RUBIACE^E. CLXXIX. GEOPHILA. CLXXX. PATABEA. CLXXXI. SALZMANNIA.
009
1. p. 145. t. 55. Bartl. in herb. Heenke, but not of Willd. Very
nearly allied to G. reniformis, but the petioles are shorter, the
umbels are hardly pedunculate, the corollas violaceous, and the
berries blue.
Violaceotts-fiovtered Geophila. PI. creeping.
3 G. DIVERSIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 537.) petioles and pe-
duncles clothed with short hairs or down ; leaves reniformly
cordate, rounded or acute, glabrous on both surfaces, paler be-
neath, with the lobes at the base approximate ; heads 2 or few-
flowered ; bracteas linear-lanceolate, downy. I/ . S. Native of
Java, on the mountains ; and probably of Malabar and Silhet,
&c. if the Karinta-Tali, Rheed. mal. 10. t. 21. be the same.
Psychotria herbacea, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 161. and therefore G.
reniformis, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 136. Cephaelis diversi-
folia, Blum, bijdr. p. 1004. Flowers white ? Berries red?
Diverse-leaved Geophila. PI. creeping.
4 G. viOLjEFOLiA (D. C. 1. c.) petioles hairy above ; leaves
roundish-cordate, acutish, glabrous on both surfaces, with the
lobes at the base divaricate ; peduncles about equal in length to
the petioles ; bracteas lanceolate ; umb«ls 6-9-flowered. 7£.S.
Native of New Granada, on the banks of the river Magdalena,
in humid places. Cephae'lis violsefolia, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 3. p. 379. Psychotria hederacea, Willd. in Rcem. et
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 191. Corolla white, glabrous, 4 times
longer than the calyx.
Violet-leaved Geophila. PI. creeping.
5 G. MACROPODA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 136.) petioles
roughish ; leaves cordate, acute, glabrous ; peduncles length of
leaves ; bracteas linear-lanceolate ; umbellules 3-6-flowered.
1£. S. Native of Peru, in groves, along the tract of Pillao to
Izcutuna. Psychotria macropoda, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 63.
t. 211. f. b. Psych, cordifolia, Dietr. gaertn. lex.'l. p. 618.
Berries dark purple. Seeds smooth.
Long-peduncled Geophila. PI. creeping.
6 G. GRA'CILIS (D. Don, 1. c.) petioles striated, beset with
retrograde hairs at top ; leaves cordate, acute, rather pilose
above ; peduncles length of petioles ; bracteas subulate ; umbels
6-9-flowered. If.. S. Native of Peru, in forests at Pillao and
Pueblo-Nuevo. Psychotria gracilis, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p.
63. t. 211. f. c. Corollas pale- violaceous, glabrous inside. Ber-
ries ovate, blackish. Seeds trisulcate.
Slender Geophila. PI. creeping.
Cult. A mixture of vegetable mould and sand, or peat and
sand, is the best soil for the species of Geophila ; and they are
easily increased by detaching their creeping stems.
CLXXX. PATA'BE A (the Guiana name of the first species).
Aubl. guian. 1 . p. 1 1 1. t. 45. Juss. gen. p. 208. mem. mus. 6. p.
401. exclusive of the synonymes. Lam. ill. t. 65. H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 375. — Cephases species, Willd.
Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Tetra-Hexdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an
obovate-globose tube, and a very short entire or 4-toothed limb,
rarely 5-6-toothed. Corolla with a short nearly terete tube,
and 4-6 oblong spreading lobes. Stamens 4-6 ; anthers sessile
within the throat. Stigma bluntly bifid. Berries globose,
crowned by the nearly closed calyx, smooth, 2-celled, 2-seeded.
— Glabrous shrubs, natives of South America. Leaves on short
petioles, oval or ovate, acuminated at the apex. Stipulas broad
at the base, and subulate at the apex. Flowers sessile, crowded
into heads in the axils of the leaves or tops of the branches.
Heads propped by 4 small binately opposite bracteas. This genus
differs from Psychotria in the capitate inflorescence, in the
smooth berries, and in the number of the floral parts being
usually quaternary.
1 P. COCCI'NEA (Aubl. 1. c.) stipulas undivided ; leaves oval,
VOL. III.
acute at the base ; heads of flowers sessile ; flowers tetramerous;
throat of corolla naked. ^ • S. Native of French Guiana, in
the woods of Orapu. Lam. ill. no. 1464. t. 65. Cephaelis
sessiliflora, Willd. spec. 1. p. 979. Flowers red.
Scarlet Patabea. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
2 P.? TENUIFLORA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 538.) leaves oblong,
acute at both ends, membranous ; stipulas 4, lanceolate-linear,
connate at the base ; heads of flowers some sessile, and others
pedunculate ; corolla with a naked throat, linear lobes, and a
slender tube ; limb of calyx truncate. Jj . S. Native of French
Guiana, where it was collected by Patris. Leaves 5-6 inches
long and l|- broad. Bracteas small. Fruit unknown.
Slender-JlowereA Patabea. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
3 P. ? A'LBA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 375.)
leaves ovate, rounded at the base ; stipulas bifid at the apex ;
cymes pedunculate ; flowers pentamerous and hexamerous ;
throat of corolla villous. (j . S. Native of South America, on
the banks of the Orinoco, near Maypures, and San Fernando.
Cephse'lis cymosa, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 749. Psychotria Maypu-
r6nsis, Willd. rel. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 190.? ex
Spreng. Calyx violaceous. Corollas white.
IVhite-fionered Patabea. Shrub.
Cult. See Psychotria, p. 599. for culture and propagation.
CLXXXI. SALZMA'NNIA (named after M. Salzmann, a
collector of plants in Mauritania, and afterwards in Brazil).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 617.
LIN. SYST. Telrandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an oval
tube, and a cupular very bluntly 4-toothed or sinuated permanent
limb. Corolla with a short tube, and 4 oblong lobes. Alabastra
tetragonal. Stamens with very short filaments, and very long
anthers. Style 1, undivided, or the lobes are combined. Berry
dry, crowned by the limb of the calyx, 1 -celled in the adult
state by abortion, compressed, oval, 1-seeded. Seed compres-
sed.— A glabrous Brazilian shrub. Branches at first tetra-
gonal, but terete in the adult state. Stipulas truncate, very
short. Leaves opposite, ovate, on short petioles, shining above,
and as if they were varnished. Peduncles axillary, opposite,
very short, bearing dense heads composed of 10-12 flowers,
girded by 2-4 ovate foliaceous bracteas. Flowers sessile within
the bracteas, white. This genus appears to come nearest to
Ceph<&lis, from which it differs in the very long anthers, in the
compressed fruit, and in habit.
1 S. NI'TIDA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 617.) Jj . S. Native of Bra-
zil, about Bahia on arid hills. Corolla a line and a half long.
Leaves 1J inch long and 1 broad, obtuse.
Shining-]eaved Salzmannia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
Cult. See Psychotria, p. 599. for culture and propagation.
Tribe X.
SPERMACOCE^E (this tribe contains plants agreeing with
the genus Spermacoce in particular characters). Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 309. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat.
Par. 5. p. 147. D. C. prod. 4. p. 538. Stigma bilamellate
(f. 109. &.). Fruit dry or hardly fleshy, usually of 2, rarely
of 3-4 1-seeded mericarps or nuts, which are sometimes com-
bined, and sometimes separating from each other, indehiscent or
dehiscing in various ways. Albumen between fleshy and horny.
— Shrubs or herbs. Leaves opposite. Stipulas membranous at
the base, and usually of many bristles at the apex.
SUBTRIBE I. CEPHALA'NTHE-S; (this subtribe only con-
tains the genus Cephalanlhus). D. C. prod. 4. p. 538. Flowers
and fruit crowded and sessile, upon globose receptacles. Fruit
divisible into 2 parts.
41
RUBIACE^E. CLXXXII. CEPHALANTHUS.
610
CLXXX1I. CEPHALA'NTHUS (from K^a\r,, kephale, a
head, and avQoy, anthos, a flower; in allusion to the flowers
being disposed in globular heads). Lin. gen. no. 113. Gsertn.
fruct. 2. t. 86. Lam. ill. t. 59. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 402.
Rich. diss. with a figure. D. C. prod. 4. p. 538.
LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obversely
pyramidal tube, and an angular 4-toothed limb. Corolla with a
slender tube, and a 4-cleft limb ; lobes erectish. Stamens 4,
short, inserted in the upper part of the tube, hardly exserted.
Style much exserted ; stigma capitate. Fruit inversely pyra-
midal, nrowned by the limb of the calyx, 2-4? celled, and sepa-
rating into 2-4 ? parts ; cells or parts 1 -seeded, indehiscent, and
sometimes empty by abortion. Seeds oblong, terminating in a
little callous bladder. Albumen somewhat cartilaginous. Em-
bryo inverted in the albumen, with a superior radicle. — Shrubs,
with terete branches. Leaves opposite or 3 in a whorl. Stipulas
short, distinct, or a little combined. Peduncles naked, rising
from the axils of the upper leaves, or from the tops of the
branches. Heads globose, in consequence of the flowers being
sessile, and seated on a spherical piliferous receptacle. — This
genus is badly defined, and should probably be reduced to the
American species, which have the fruit 2-celled and 2-seeded,
and the rest should probably be thrown back into the genus
Spermacbce.
SECT. I. PCATANOCE'PHALUS (from trXaravoc, platanos, the
plane-tree, and KfQaXri, kephale, a head ; the heads of flowers
resemble those of the plane-tree). D. C. prod. 4. p. 538. —
Platanocephalus, Vaill. act. acad. par. 1722. Glands none in
the calyx nor corolla. — American species.
1 C. OCCIDENTALS (Lin. spec. 138.) leaves opposite or 3 in
a whorl, ovate or oval, acuminated ; peduncles much longer than
the heads, usually by threes at the tops of the branches. Fj . S.
Native of North America, from Canada to Florida, in marshy
places. Duham. arb. 1. t. 54. Schkuhr, handb. t. 21. and t. 5.
b. fruit. Lois. herb. amat. t. 272.— Pluk. aim. 336. t. 77. f. 4.
C. oppositif61ius, Mcench. meth. p. 487. Petioles reddish next
the branches. Heads of flowers globular, size of a marble.
Flowers whitish-yellow. There are varieties of this species hav-
ing the branchlets and young leaves either glabrous or downy.
Var. fi, brachypodus (D. C. prod. 4. p. 539.) leaves elliptic-
oblong, 3 in a whorl, on short petioles, fj . G. Native of the
North of Mexico, near Rio de la Trinite and Bejar, where it was
collected by Berlandier. Petioles 3-4 lines long. There are
varieties of this with either glabrous or downy branches.
Western Button-wood. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1735. Shrub
6 to 8 feet.
2 C. SARA'NDI (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 2. p. 610. and
4. p. 147.) leaves opposite or 3 in a whorl, oblong, acuminated,
on very short petioles ; peduncles hardly longer than the heads,
3-5-together at the tops of the branches. Jj . S. Native of the
south of Brazil, where it is called Sarandi by the natives, and
where it was collected by Sello ; common on the coasts of La Plata
andCaraccas; and of Peru, ex Haenke. Buddlea glabrata, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 431. ex Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. Glabrous.
Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, red beneath while young,
and hairy in the axils of the secondary veins. Heads of flowers
verticillate in the axils of the upper leaves, and umbellate at the
tops of the branches, much smaller than those of the first species.
Sarandi Button-wood. Shrub 10 to 15 feet.
3 C. SALICIFOLIUS (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 2. p. 63. t. 98.)
leaves opposite or 3 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, on very short
petioles ; heads of flowers on long peduncles, terminal, solitary.
fj . S. Native of Mexico, near Acapulco. Stipulas linear-su-
buhite, permanent, twin on both sides. Heads of flowers white.
Willow-leaved Button- wood. Shrub 10 feet.
SECT. II. NAUCLEOIDES (from Nauclea and idea, like ; the
species resemble species of the genus Nauclea), D. C. prod. 4.
p. 539. Glands in the recesses between the lobes of the calyx
and corolla. — Indian species.
4 C. NAUCLEOIDES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 539.) leaves opposite or
3-4 in a whorl, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, on short petioles,
villous beneath, and on the branchlets ; Stipulas intrafoliaceous,
acuminated ; heads terminal, subverticillate. ^ . S. Native of
the East Indies, in Silhet. Nauclea tetrandra, Roxb. fl. ind. 2.
p. 125. Peduncles terminal, from 3 to 4 in whorled panicles.
Flowers yellow, intermixed with filiform clavate scales. Capsules
turbinate, 2-celled, 2-seeded ; the cells 2-valved. According to
Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 147. this species is more
nearly allied to Cephalanthus than to Nauclea, from the tetrame-
rous flowers, and single seeded cells of the fruit.
Nauclea-like Button-wood. Tree 10 to 20 feet.
t Asiatic species not sufficiently known, and probably ought to
be excluded from the genus altogether.
5 C.I PILU'LIFER (Lam. diet. 1. p. 679.) leaves opposite, ap-
proximate, ovate, bluntly acuminated, smooth on very short
petioles ; peduncles axillary, leafy, a little shorter than the
leaves. f? . S. Native of the East Indies. Fruit and number
of the parts of the flowers unknown. Leaves hardly 2 inches
long. Heads of flowers hardly the size of peas.
Pill-bearing Button-wood. Shrub.
6 C. ? PILULIFL6RUS (Willd. mss. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst.
3. p. 525.) leaves elliptic, tapering to both ends, bluntish ; heads
of flowers terminal and axillary, numerous, tj . S. Native of
Asia. The rest unknown.
Pill-flowered Button-wood. Shrub.
7 C. ? ORIENTA'LIS (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 105. but
not of Lin.) arboreous ; leaves opposite or 3 in a whorl, ovate,
acuminated, reflexed, glabrous ; peduncles terminal, divided ;
fruit baccate. (7.8. Native of China. C. occidentalis, Lour,
coch. p. 67. but not of Lin. Acrodryon orientale, Spreng. syst.
1. p. 386. A large tree. Flowers white, tetramerous, and
tetrandrous. Berries 1-seeded, red, edible. Perhaps a species
of Mormda. According to Sprengel, this with the following
species will constitute a distinct genus, which he has called
Acrodryon.
Eastern Button-wood. Tree large.
8 C. ? ANGUSTIFOLIUS (Lour. coch. p. 67.) arboreous ; leaves
opposite, lanceolate-linear ; heads of flowers terminal ; lobes of
calyx subulate, beset with glandular hairs ; fruit baccate. Tj . G.
Native of Cochin-china. Acrodryon angustifolium, Spreng. syst.
1. p. 386. Receptacle of flowers villous. Flowers pale, tetra-
merous and tetrandrous. Berries roundish, crowned, 2-celled,
1-seeded, aggregate into a globose head. Perhaps a species of
Morinda, or perhaps will form a distinct genus along with the
preceding species.
Narrow-leaved Button-wood. Tree.
j" •)" The two following species should be removed from the
order altogether.
9 C. ? PROCU'MBENS (Lour. coch. p, 67.) stem procumbent ;
leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, tomentose ; racemes terminal,
interrupted; flowers 5-cleft, dioecious. fy. G. Native of
Cochinchina. Stilbe procumbens, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 418.
Flowers violaceous. The female flowers on a naked globular
receptacle. Flowers numerous, on long peduncles, forming a
ball or head. Stigma simple. This plant ought evidently to be
excluded from the order, but it is hardly a species of Stilbe.
Procumbent Button-wood. Shrub procumbent.
1
RUBIACEJE. CLXXXIII. DEMOCRITEA. CLXXXIV. OCTODON. CLXXXV. BORRERIA.
611
10 C. ? MONTA'NUS (Lour. coch. 67.) arboreous ; leaves alter-
nate, ovate, acuminated, rough above, and tomentose beneath ;
peduncles axillary, solitary ; flowers apetalous, dioecious, 4-cleft ;
seeds or fruit pappose. I? . G. Native of China. Flowers
green, on solitary axillary peduncles, forming round heads, on
naked globular receptacles.
Mountain Button-wood. Tree large.
Cult. The first species, C. occidentalis, being hardy, is a
very proper plant for the fronts of shrubberies. It thrives best
in a peat soil ; and is readily increased by layering, or by ripened
cuttings under a hand-glass. The rest of the species being ten-
der, their culture and propagation are the same as that recom-
mended for Psychotria, p. 599.
SUBTRIBE II. EUSPERMACOVCE£; (the genera contained
in this subtribe agree with Spermacoce in the distinct flowers,
and divisible fruit). D. C. prod. 4. p. 540. — Spermacocese,
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 341. Flowers distinct.
Fruit dry, usually separable into 2 parts, rarely into 3 or 4
parts.
CLXXXIII. DEMOCRITEA (so named from Democritis,
an ancient philosopher). D. C. prod. 4. p. 540.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a turbinate
rather angular tube, and 5 lanceolate acute stiff lobes. Corolla,
stamens, and stigma unknown. Fruit adnate to the tube of
the calyx and membranous pericarp at first, but at length
becoming ruptured, 2-seeded, 2-celled while young, but
at length only 1 -celled from the dissepiment having vanished.
Seeds free within the pericarp, flat inside, and convex outside.
Albumen fleshy. Embryo erect, central. — A Chinese shrub,
with the habit of Serissa. Flowers unknown ; but the calyx
and fruit are very different from those of Serissa. Branches
terete, white, when young rather downy. Leaves opposite.
Sheaths short, combined with the petioles a little, and bearing
each 3 stiff bristles. Flowers in fascicles at the tops of the
branches.
1 D. SERISSO'IDES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 540.) fj . G. Native of
China, where it was collected by Sir George Staunton.
Serissa-like Democritea. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will be the best
soil for this little shrub ; and cuttings will be easily rooted in
sand under a hand-glass.
CLXXXIV. O'CTODON (from OKTW, octo, eight, and
oSovToe, odous odontos, a tooth ; in allusion to the limb of the
calyx, which is 8-toothed). Thonn. in Schum. pi. guin. p. 74.
D C. prod. 4. p. 540.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a clavately
obovate tube, and an 8-toothed limb ; teeth very short, obtuse.
Corolla campanulate, 4-cleft ; lobes acute, beset with a few glan-
dular hairs inside. Stamens inserted in the bottom of the tube
of the corolla. Stigma globose, obsoletely bifid. Capsule tur-
binate, obsoletely tetragonal, 2-celled, 2-valved, dehiscing at the
dissepiment; cells 1 -seeded ; valves semi-bifid inside. Seeds
oblong. — An erect branched glabrous herb, about a foot high.
Stems tetragonal. Leaves filiform, elongated, acute. Stipulas
sheathing, furnished with 3-4 bristles on each side, which are
shorter than the sheath. Heads of flowers verticillate, terminal
and axillary ones nearly equal, roundish. — Very nearly allied to
Borreria ; but differs from it in the calyx being 8-toothed, and
in the other characters indicated above.
1 O. FILIFOLIUM (Thonn. 1. c.) — Native of Guinea, where it
was collected by Thonning, and in the waters of the Senegambia
and Gala by Leprieur and Perrottet. Spermacoce filit olia, Perr.
et Lepr. mss.
Thread-leaved Octodon. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. See Spermacoce for culture and propagation.
CLXXXV. BORRE'RIA (named after William Borrer,F.L.S.
&c. one of our first British botanists). Meyer, esseq. p. 79.
Cham, et Schlecht in Linnaea. 3. p. 310. Spreng. neue entd. 2.
p. 144. but not of Ach. — Bigelowia, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 394. but
not of his neue entd. nor of others. — Chlorophytum and Sper-
macoce, Pohl, in litt. — Spermacoce species, Lin. Lam. Spreng.
A. Rich. — Grulhamannia, Neck. elem. no. 338. ?
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a permanent limb, which is parted into 2-4 teeth.
Corolla salver-shaped or funnel-shaped, 4-lobed. Stamens 4,
exserted or inclosed. Stigma bifid or undivided. Capsule
crowned by the limb of the calyx, 2-celled, opening from the
apex at the dissepiment when mature, but without any free dis-
sepiment ; coccse or nuts 1 -seeded, opening by a longitudinal
chink inside. Seeds ovate-oblong, marked in front by a longi-
tudinal furrow. — Herbs or subshrubs, nearly all natives of the
hotter parts of America. Stems and branches usually tetragonal.
Leaves opposite, or the young ones are disposed in fascicles in
the axils of the old ones, and therefore appearing verticillate.
Stipulas joined with the petioles, more or less sheathing, fringed
by many bristles. Flowers disposed in verticillate heads in the
axils of the leaves, or on the tops of the branches, rarely cymose
or corymbose, small, white, rarely blue.
§ 1. Flowers disposed in axillary and terminal verticillate
heads : the terminal heads are girded by floral leaves, which are
longer than them.
* Teeth of calyx only 2.
1 B. GLOBULARIOIDES (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p.
312.) plant shrubby, erect, glabrous; branches somewhat tetra-
gonal ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, acuminated, with scabrous mar-
gins, paler beneath ; bristles of Stipulas longer than the sheath ;
heads of flowers globose, terminal or lateral ; calyx bidentate ;
genitals exserted. Jj . S. Native of equinoxial Brazil. Sper-
macoce fruticdsa, Pohl, in litt. Heads of flowers a little larger
than peas. Flowers 3 times the size of those of B. verticilldta,
white. Capsule glabrous ; nuts opening but slowly.
Globularia-leaved Borreria. Shrub 1 to 1^ foot.
2 B. VERTICILLA'TA (Meyer, esseq. p. 83.) plant suffruticose,
glabrous ; branchlets tetragonal ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acu-
minated, opposite, but appearing verticillate from the fascicles of
young leaves in the axils ; bristles of Stipulas length of sheath ;
whorles of flowers globose, terminal, and axillary ; capsule gla-
brous, oval, small, crowned by the bidentate calyx. Ij . S. Na-
tive of Jamaica, Guiana, Brazil, Caraccas, Trinidad, &c. Sper-
mac6ce verticillata var. Americana, Lin. spec. p. 148. exclusive
of the synonymes. Bigelowia verticillata and B. commutata,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 404. Spermacbce mucronata, Nees, hor.
berl. p. 49. and Spermacoce st^llata, Willd. herb, ex Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 311. Spermacoce verticillata, Swartz,
Pohl, Nees, and Willd., but not of Burm. Flowers white.
Calyx sometimes furnished with accessory teeth. Seeds granular.
Var. /3 ; leaves more crowded, and much shorter. >j . S.
Native of Brazil, in dry places at Rio Janeiro.
Whorled-fiovfered Borreria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1732. Sh.
2 to 3 feet.
3 B. KOHAUTIA'NA (Cham, et Schlecht. inLinnaaa. 3. p. 311.)
plant suffruticose, glabrous ; branchlets tetragonal ; leaves ob-
long-linear, bluntish, mucronate, opposite, but appearing verti-
cillate from clusters of young ones in their axils ; bristles of sti-
pulas shorter than the sheath ; whorles of flowers globose, ter-
minal, and axillary ; capsule downy, crowned by the bidentate
calyx, fj . S. Native of Senegal and Gambia ; and probably
4 i 2
612
RUBIACE^E. CLXXXV. BORRERIA.
of Madagascar and the East Indies. B. verticillata, Sieb. seneg.
no. 10. Spermacoce verticillata, Lin. spec. 148. var. Africana,
Spermacoce globosa, Sehum. pi. guin. p. 73. Dill. hort. elth. 2.
1'. 348. Flowers white. Nearly allied to B. verticillata.
Ko/iaut's Borreria. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1732. Shrub 1 to 2 ft.
4 B. STKI'CTA (Meyer, esseq. p. 83. t. 1. f. 1-3. fr.) stems
herbaceous, suffruticose at the base, twiggy, glabrous, smooth,
tetragonal at the apex ; leaves linear, acute, petiolate, opposite
or falsely verticillate ; bristles of stipulas shorter than the sheath,
which is downy ; whorls of flowers globose, terminal, and axil-
lary ; capsule glabrous, oblong, crowned by the 2 subulate teeth
of the calyx. Fj . S. Native of Porto-Rico, where it was col-
lected by Ledru and Wydler. Flowers white. Nearly allied to
B. verticillata, but differs in the capsule being twice longer.
Lower leaves almost lanceolate-linear, rather scabrous on the
margins at the top : upper ones usually with revolute margins.
Straight Borreria. Shrub \ to 1 foot.
5 B. DICHO'TOMA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 348.)
stem suffruticose, rather compressed, tetragonal ; branchlets
dichotomous ; leaves lanceolate, acutely mucronate, glabrous,
with serrulated margins ; stipulas hairy, ciliated, with bristles at
the apex ; heads or whorles of flowers terminal and axillary ;
capsule scabrous from dots, glabrous, obovate, crowned by the
2 ovate-lanceolate teeth of the calyx. Jj . S. Native of Peru,
near Ayavaca, (Diodia glabra, Willd. herb.), and on Mount
Tanqueragua (Knoxia dichotoma, Willd. herb.). Spermacoce
dichotoma, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 348. Flowers
white.
Dichotomous-branched Borreria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
(J B. PODOCE'PHALA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 542.) stem branched,
tetragonal, glabrous, rather downy at the nodi ; leaves linear,
glabrous, opposite, or falsely verticillate, almost veinless, with
revolute margins ; bristles of stipulas 5-7, longer than the sheath,
which is downy ; heads of flowers globose, and as if they were
pedunculate, in consequence of the lateral branches being naked,
except the 4 floral leaves surrounding each head ; capsule oblong,
glabrous, crowned by the 2 subulate calycine teeth. I/ . S.
Native of Mexico or of Cuba. This species differs from all the
others in the heads of flowers being on long tetragonal peduncles,
which are 1-2 inches long, naked and glabrous, sometimes rising
from the forks of the branches, then solitary, and sometimes from
the axils of the leaves, then opposite.
Slalked-headed Borreria. PI. 1 foot.
7 B. DI'STANS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 340.)
stems herbaceous, erect, tetragonal, having the angles beset with
retrograde prickles; leaves lanceolate, glabrous, with serrulately
scabrous margins; stipulas hairy, ciliated with bristles; whorles
of flowers capitate, remote ; capsule oblong, villous at the top,
crowned by the 2 subulate teeth of the calyx. 1£. S. Native
of Mexico. Spermacoce distans, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. p. 344. Spermacoce apiculata, Willd. herb. Sperma-
coce aculeata, Schlecht. in Schultes, syst. 3. p. 531. Flowers
white. Very nearly allied to B. verticillata. Corolla funnel-
shaped, a little longer than the calyx.
7)!ste»i-whorled Borreria. PI. 1 foot.
8 B. DENSJFLORA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 542.) stem erect, tetra-
gonal, glabrous; leaves linear, with revolute margins, 1-nerved,
glabrous ; bristles of stipulas 7-9, longer than the sheath ; whorles
of flowers dense, sessile, 2-3 axillary, and the terminal one
globose, and larger than the axillary ones; floral leaves 4-6, re-
flexed ; capsule linear-oblong, villous at the apex, crowned by
the 3 subulate calycine teeth. ^ . S. Native of Jamaica. Sper-
macbce longifolia, L'Her. herb, but not of Aubl. Superior leaves
2 inches long, and 1-2 lines broad. Corollas small, glabrous.
Dense-flowered, Borreria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
9 B. SPINOSA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaa. 3. p. 340.) stem
erect, herbaceous, simple, glabrous, somewhat tetragonal, with
the angles a little muricated ; leaves lanceolate-linear, acumi-
nated, attenuated at the base, glabrous, with roughish margins :
the mid-rib drawn out into a prickle-formed tubercle at the
apex ; stipulas membranous, bristly ; whorles of flowers capi-
tate, axillary ones 2-3, and the terminal one surrounded by an
8-leaved involucrum ; capsule oblong, downy at the apex, crowned
by the 2 subulate teeth of the calyx. Jj . S. Native of the
south of Jamaica, in fields ; and of Martinique and Mexico.
Spermacoce spinosa, Lin. spec. 148. exclusive of the syn. of
Jacq. Swartz, obs. p. 45. Flowers white.
A$'/H»y-leaved Borreria. PI. 1 ft.
10 B. NEESIA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 542.) glabrous, erect;
stems herbaceous, tetragonal ; leaves lanceolate, acute, scabrous
on the mid-rib and margins ; bristles of the stipulas 5, ciliated ;
whorles of flowers twin, one of them terminal ; calycine teeth
2, setaceous; throat of the corolla closed with hairs. "H..
S. Native of Brazil. Spermacoce linifolia, Nees. hor. berl.
p. 49. but not of Vahl. Spermacoce Neesiana, Schultes, mant.
3, p. 209. Flowers white. The same as B. Bogotensis, accord-
ing to Sprengel, but doubtful according to Cham, et Schlecht. in
Linnaca. 3. p. 311.
Nees's Borreria. PI. 1 foot.
1 1 B. RE'PENS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 542.) stems herbaceous,
creeping, dichotomous, low, tetragonal, with the angles winged
and pilose, and the sides striated ; leaves oblong, acute, attenu-
ated at the base, glabrous ; bristles of stipulas shorter than the
sheath, which is villous ; heads of flowers roundish, sessile in
the forks, and at the tops of the branches, and nearly in the
axils of all the leaves ; capsule ovate, rather villous, crowned
by the 2 acute teeth of the calyx. 1(. S. Native of the Mauri-
tius. Bigelowia parvifldra, Sieb. fl. maur. exsic. no. 144. but not
of Spreng. Flowers white.
Creeping Borreria. PI. creeping.
12 B. MINIMA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 542.) plant glabrous, herbace-
ous, small, sparingly branched ; stems tetragonal ; leaves oblong-
linear, acuminated at both ends ; bristles of the stipulas rather
shorter than the sheath ; heads of flowers terminal, involucrated
by 4 leaves ; calycine teeth 2, subulate. Q. S. Native of
Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl. Herb a finger high,
erect, or ascending. Corolla and mature fruit unknown.
Least Borreria. PI. ^ foot.
* * Teeth of the calyx 4.
13 B. RADIA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 542.) stem herbaceous,
erect, branched, terete, hispid from spreading hairs ; leaves ob-
long-linear, acuminated, glabrous, glaucous, smooth, margined
by a vein, 1-nerved; bristles of the stipulas longer than the
sheath, which is villous ; heads of flowers terminal, depressed,
girded by 12-16 radiant floral leaves; capsule oblong, downy at
the apex, crowned by the 4 short, linear-subulate teeth of the
calyx. O- S. Native of Senegal, in sandy places, at Gala and
Walo. Spermacoce radiata, Sieb. pi. sen. exsic. no. 8. Flowers
white. A very distinct species, agreeing in habit with B. spinosa.
Keel or mid-rib of the leaves smooth, and much exserted.
7?ny-involucred Borreria. PI. 1 foot.
14 B. ASPE'RULA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 543.) stem herbaceous,
erect, glabrous, rather tetragonal ; leaves oblong-linear, acute,
glabrous, having the keel rather prickly from small stiff teeth ;
bristles of the stipulas longer than the sheath, which is mem-
branous ; heads of flowers many : verticillate ; calycine teeth
4, 1 or 2 of which are often deciduous, shorter than the ovarium,
which is rather pilose. Q. S. Native of Brazil, about Bahia, in
dry pastures, where it was collected by Salzmann.
Roughish Borreria. PI. 1 foot.
15 B. SUBULA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 543.) plant herbaceous,
RUBIACE/E. CLXXXV. BOURERIA.
613
glabrous, erect, sparingly branched ; stem tetragonal ; leaves
linear-subulate, with rather scabrous margins ; bristles of the
stipulas the length of the sheath ; heads of flowers terminal,
girded each by an erect 8-leaved involucrum ; corolla tubular,
glabrous; anthers exserted ; teeth of the calyx 4, lanceolate, un-
equal, 2 of which are one half smaller than the other 2. 0. S.
Native of Mexico. Spermacoce subulata, Pav. ined. Flowers
white.
<SW,m/ate-leaved Borreria. PI. 1 foot.
16 B. GRACILLIMA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 543.) plant glabrous,
herbaceous, slender, sparingly branched ; branches rather tetra-
gonal ; leaves linear-subulate ; stipulas lanceolate, undivided,
or furnished with 3 bristles ; heads of flowers terminal, on
long peduncles, girded by 2-leaved involucra. Q. S. Na-
tive of Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl. Flowers and
fruit hardly known. Habit very much like that of B. subulata.
Very slender Borreria. PI. f to 1 foot.
17 B. pusiLLA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 543.) stem herbaceous,
slender, simple or branched, tetragonal, hispid under the nodi,
the rest glabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, glabrous, pale
beneath ; bristles of the stipulas exceeding the whorles ; heads
of flowers small, 2-3 of them axillary, and one terminal ; in-
volucra 4-6-leaved; capsule oval, hairy, crowned by the 3-4
linear-subulate teeth of the calyx. ©. S. Native of Nipaul,
in the valley. Spermacoce pusilla, Wall. fl. ind. 1. p. 379.
Bigel6wia pusilla, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 405. Spermacoce trian-
dra, Ham. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 134. Flowers white.
Very like B. tenera and B. pumila, but differs from them in the
calycine teeth being usually 3.
Small Borreria. PI. ^ to £ foot.
18 B. TE'NERA (D. C. 1. c.) stem herbaceous, erect, branched,
tetragonal, slender, hardly scabrous ; leaves linear, acute, gla-
brous ; bristles of stipulas shorter than the sheath, which is gla-
brous ; whorles of flowers dense, 3 of them axillary, and 1 ter-
minal, the latter larger, sessile, and involucrated by 4-6 leaves ;
capsule oval, smoothish, crowned by the 3-4 linear-subulate caly-
cine teeth. Q. S. Native of Brazil. Spermacoce tenera, Pohl,
in litt. Flowers white. Very nearly allied to B. pumila, but dif-
fers in its smoothness, and in the axils of the leaves being nearly
all floriferous, and in the leaves being almost always 3 times
shorter.
Tender Borreria. PI. -J foot.
19 B. PU'MILA (D. C. 1. c.) stem herbaceous, slender, tetra-
gonal, beset with retrograde pili ; leaves linear, acuminated, with
revolute margins, scabrous above, and glabrous beneath, 1-
nerved ; bristles of the stipulas longer than the sheath, which
is scabrous ; heads of flowers terminating the stem and axil-
lary branches, rarely axillary ; involucra 6-8-leaved ; capsule
oval, downy at the apex, crowned by the glabrous, subulate
teeth. Q. H. Native of Brazil, where it was collected by
Pohl. Herb with a slender root, and a stem 6 inches high.
Superior leaves 15 lines long, and a line broad.
Dwarf Borreria. PI. -J foot.
20 B. ? TE'NUIS (D. C. 1. c.) stem slender, tetragonal, erect,
sparingly branched, downy, especially on the angles ; leaves lan-
ceolate-linear, acute, downy on both surfaces, scabrous ; bristles
of the stipulas stiff, a little longer than the sheath, which is
villous ; whorles of flowers capitate, 1-2 of them axillary, and
1 terminal ; involucrum 2-leaved ; calycine teeth 4, glabrous,
unequal ; anthers inclosed. (•)• F. Native of Brazil, where it
was collected by Pohl. Spermacoce tenuis, Pohl, in litt. Herb
6-7 inches high, indurated at the base. Fruit unknown, but from
habit it is judged to be a species of Borreria.
Slender-stemmed. Borreria. PI. -j foot.
21 B. CUPULA'RIS (D. C. 1. c.) stem herbaceous, erect, simple,
rather angular, downy, and rather scabrous ; leaves oval-oblong,
acuminated, petiolate, glabrous ; upper stipulas broad-connate,
cup-shaped, furnished with 9-10 bristles on each side, which are
shorter than the sheath ; heads of flowers 2, 1 axillary, and
1 terminal and larger : capsule oval, downy at the apex, crowned
by the 4 oblong teeth of the calyx. 0. F. Native of Brazil,
where it was collected by Pohl. Spermacoce pusilla, Pohl. in
litt. but not of Wall. Herb 5-6 inches high. Flowers densely
crowded in the cups formed by the stipulas, white.
Cu^JM/ar-stipuled Borreria. PI. -J foot.
22 B. OCYMOIDES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 544.) stem herbaceous,
branched, tetragonal, with the angles hairy and winged ; leaves
ovate, tapering into the petioles at the base, acutish, glabrous ;
bristles of the stipulas few, rather shorter than the sheath ;
whorles of flowers axillary, sessile, dense ; capsule small,
ovate, crowned by the 2-4 small teeth of the calyx. ©. H.
Native of the East Indies. Spermacoce ocymoldes, Burm. fl.
ind. 34. t. 13. f. 1. but the angles of the steins are said to be
glabrous.
Basil-like Borreria. PL ^ foot.
23 B. RAMISPA'RSA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 544.) smoothish ; stem
herbaceous, dichotomous, tetragonal ; leaves oval-oblong, acute
at both ends ; bristles of the stipulas membranous, pale, longer
than the sheath ; whorles of flowers capitate in nearly all the
axils, and on the tops of the branches, equal in size, sessile,
girded by 2-4 leaves ; capsule small-ovate, smoothish, crowned
by the teeth of the calyx, of which 2 are larger and subulate,
and 2 small. Q ? F. Native of Brazil, where it was collected
by Pohl. Angles of the stems, nerves of the leaves, and the
base of the calyxes downy, the rest of the herb glabrous.
Flowers white.
Scattered-branched Borreria. PI. J to |- foot.
24 B. PARV1FL6RA (Meyer, esseq. p. 83. t. l.)stem herbaceous,
erect, tetragonal, with the angles usually hairy, and a little
winged below ; leaves oval-oblong, tapering to both ends, ra-
ther hairy beneath while young, and at length scabrous on the
margins ; bristles of the stipulas longer than the sheath ; whorles
of flowers axillary and terminal, dense, small, involucrated by
2-4 leaves ; capsule ovate, crowned by the 4 short subulate
calycine teeth. Q. F. Native of the West Indies, as of
Porto Rico, Guadeloupe, St. Domingo, &c. ; and of Peru.
Spermacoce aspera, Vahl, eel. p. 10. but not of Aublet. Sper-
macoce lae'vis from Guadaloupe, and Sperm, aspera from His-
paniola, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 401. ex herb. Balb. Perhaps Sper-
macoce Ice vis, Lam. is identical with this plant. This spe-
cies, with many others, is very intricate, but is nearly allied
to B. ramispdrsa. It differs from B. dspera, Aublet, in the
much less scabrous stem, in the shorter leaves, and in the
smaller whorles of flowers. Flowers white. Bigelomia as-
pera, Sieb. is a distinct plant from this. Bristles of the stipulas
pilose.
Small-flowered Borreria. PI. 1 to 2 feet,
25 B. ? ALA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 544.) stems herbaceous,
diffuse, indicant, branched, glabrous, tetragonal, with winged
angles ; leaves smooth oval, acuminated ; bristles of the stipu-
las longer than the sheath ; heads of flowers terminal, girded
by 4 leaves; style bifid to the middle. O- F. Native of
French Guiana, at the river Aroura. Spermacoce alata, Aubl.
guian. 1. p. 60. t. 22. f. 7. Flowers white. Fruit divisible
into 2, 1 -seeded, dehiscent nuts. It is nearly allied to B. Bart-
lingiana, but the structure of the fruit and flowers is doubtful.
Superior leaves sessile, rather cordate at the base. Stamens
didymous, 2 of which are shorter than the corolla. Corollas
rather large, blue.
Winged-stemmed Borreria. PI. creeping.
26 B. BARTLINGIA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 544.) stem herba-
ceous, diffuse, radicant, tetragonal, with winged pilose angles,
614
RUBIACE£. CLXXXV. BORRERIA.
and the sides between the wings are lined with parallel veins ;
leaves oval, acutish, beset with bristle-like hairs on both sur-
faces ; whorles of flowers sessile, glomerate, axillary ones nu-
merous, and one terminal, girded by 4 leaves ; capsule nearly
globose, pilose, crowned by the 4 lanceolate teeth of the calyx.
Q. F. Native of Mexico. Bigelowia alata, Bartl. in herb.
Haenke, but differs from B. alata in the wings of the stem being
hispid, in the leaves being hispid and much less acute, in the
axillary whorles, &c.
Bartling's Borreria. PI. creeping.
27 B. TAMPICA'NA (D. C. 1. c.) plant glabrous, diffuse,
branched, herbaceous; branches tetragonal, with smooth angles;
leaves oblong-linear, acute, 1 -nerved, scabrous on the mid-rib,
but not on the margins ; whorles of flowers capitate from nearly
all the axils, and from the tops of the stems, sessile, involu-
crated by 4-8 leaves ; capsules small, ovate, glabrous, crowned
by the 4 short subulate teeth of the calyx. I/ . G. Native of
Mexico, at Tampico de Tamaulipas, where it was collected by
Berlandier. Very nearly allied to B. parviflora, but the nuts of
the fruit are dissimilar, one of them bearing 3 of the calycine
teeth, and the other 1.
Tampico Borreria. PI. 1 foot. ?
28 B. DIFFU'SA (D. C. 1. c.) glabrous ; stem diffuse, dichoto-
mous, rather tetragonal; leaves linear, with revolute margins ;
stipulas setiferous ; whorles of flowers capitate, axillary, and
terminal, globose, rather compound ; floral leaves 4-8, reflexed ;
capsule oval, smoothish, crowned by the 4 short, subulate teeth
of the calyx. — Native of Brazil, where it was collected
by Pohl. Spermacoce diffusa, Pohl, in litt. but not of Kunth.
Corollas small, smoothish, white. ? Capsule small, membranous,
whitish.
Diffuse Borreria. PI. diffuse.
29 B. REMOTIFOLIA (D. C. 1. c.) stem slender, tetragonal, ra-
ther hairy ; leaves oblong-linear, almost sessile, acute, scabrous
above and on the margins, but downy beneath ; bristles of the
stipulas downy, a little longer than the sheath, which is villous ;
whorles of flowers capitate, terminal ones on long peduncles,
a very few axillary ; lobes of the calyx 4, narrow, acute, un-
equal, glabrous. — Native of Brazil, where it was collected by
Pohl, in litt. but not of Ruiz et Pav.
Remote-leaved Borreria. PI. -J to | foot.
30 B. DISCOLOR (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, under Bigelowia, ex-
D. C. prod. 4. p. 545.) stem herbaceous, branched, quite gla-
brous, tetragonal, having the angles winged a little ; leaves oval-
oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, acute, scabrous above, and clothed
with yellowish down beneath ; bristles of the stipulas many,
longer than the leaves ; whorles of flowers axillary, and ter-
minal, small, girded by 2 leaves ; capsule nearly globose, rather
downy, crowned by the 4 lanceolate teeth of the calyx. —
Native of the Island of Manilla, near Sorzogon, where it was
collected by Haenke.
Discoloured-\ea\ed Borreria. PI. 1 to 2 feet.?
31 B. ? CORNIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 545.) stem herbaceous,
erect, tetragonal, tomentose ; leaves petiolate, oblong, acute, with
scabrous margins, and having the veins downy beneath ; stipulas
villous, of many bristles ; whorles of flowers dense, 1 axillary,
and 1 terminal, the latter girded by 4 leaves ; calyx villous, with 4
equal teeth ; anthers exserted. ©• F. Native of Brazil. Sper-
macoce cornifolia, Fisch. in Nees. hor. berl. p. 50. Link. enum.
hort. berl. 1. p. 132. Cham, et Schlecht. Linnasa. 3. p. 313.
Allied to B. brachystemonoides, but the fruit is unknown.
Dogwood-leaved Borreria. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 ft.
32 B. ? WYDLERIA'NA (D. C. 1. c.) stem herbaceous, ascend-
ing, elongated, rather tetragonal, with the angles rather hairy ;
leaves elliptic-oblong, attenuated at both ends, glabrous above,
and downy on the nerves beneath ; bristles of the stipulas 7,
shorter than the sheath ; whorles of flowers 2-3, axillary,
distant, almost immersed in the stipular sheaths, and terminal,
pedunculate, larger than the axillary ones ; involucrum of 4
spreading leaves. — Native of Porto Rico, where it was col-
lected by Wydler. Flowers while young densely crowded,
intermixed with a number of bristles. Very like the following
and preceding.
Wydler's Borreria. PI. ascending.
33 BRACHYSTEMONOIDES (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p.
314.) stems suffruticose at the base, erect, tetragonal, scabrous
from retrograde hairs ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute, scabrous
on both surfaces, and on the margins while young, but glabrous
above in the adult state ; bristles of the stipulas longer than
the sheath, which is villous ; heads of flowers terminal, girded
by 4 leaves ; capsule oblong-conical, villous upwards, crowned
by the 2 acute teeth of the calyx, and 1-2 accessory ones, fj . S.
Native of the south of Brazil. Flowers white ?
Brachystemon-like Borreria. Shrub I to 2 feet.
34 B. CAPITELLA'TA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 319.)
stems fistular ; leaves petiolate, ovate, lined, acuminated, rather
pilose on both surfaces ; bristles of the stipulas 5- 7 ; whorles of
flowers axillary and terminal ; capsules oblong, elliptic, hairy
at the top, crowned by the teeth of the calyx, which are 3
times shorter than it. — Native of New Granada, near Santa
Fe de Bogota. Spermacoce capitellata, Willd. in Rcem. et
Schultes, syst. 3. p. 530. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 8.
p. 349. but not of Sprengel. Flowers white. ? Said to be allied
to B. scabiosoides. Involucrum clothed with pili.
Small-headed Borreria. PI. 1 foot.
35 B. SCABIOSOIDES (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 318.)
stems fistular, terete, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, acute, on short
petioles, with a few oblique veins, and scabrous margins ; teeth
of the stipulas 3-5, ending in a bristle each, shorter than
sheath ; heads of the flowers terminal, hemispherical, involu-
crated by 2-6 leaves ; capsule glabrous, oblong, crowned by the
2-4 hairy teeth of the calyx. — Native of equinoctial Brazil.
The part of the involucrum girding the flowers is pilose both
inside and outside.
Scabious-like Borreria. PI. ^ foot.
36 B. CAPITA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 545.) stems shrubby at the
base, prostrate ; branches ascending, rather tetragonal, villous ;
leaves lanceolate, with scabrous margins, smoothish on both sur-
faces ; bristles of the stipulas longer than the sheath ; heads
of flowers 2, one axillary, and the other terminal and larger,
involucrated by 4 leaves ; corolla glabrous, tubular ; anthers
exserted ; capsule glabrous, turbinate, crowned by the 4 lanceo-
late teeth of the calyx. Pj . S. Native of Peru, on the de-
clivities of the mountains. Spermacoce capitata, Ruiz et Pav.
fl. per. 1. p. 61. t. 91. f. b. Branches purplish. Leaves ses-
sile. Flowers white ; anthers reddish.
Capitate-flowered Borreria. Shrub 1 foot.
37 B. ATURE'NSIS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 345.)
plant shrubby, erect ; branchlets tetragonal, roughish ; leaves
narrow-linear, glabrous, with serrulated margins ; stipulas hairy,
ciliated with bristles ; heads of flowers terminal, rarely late-
ral ; capsule hairy, oblong, crowned by the 4 linear-subulate,
ciliated teeth of the calyx. 1? . S. Native on the banks of the
Orinoco, near Atures. Spermacoce Aturensis, H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 345. Flowers white, Allied to B. verti-
cillata. Corolla funnel-shaped, a little longer than the calyx.
Atures Borreria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
38 B. ERYNGoloES (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 316.)
glabrous ; stems herbaceous, erect, tetragonal, almost simple ;
leaves linear, acute, with revolute margins ; bristles of the sti-
pulas 5, longer than the sheath ; whorles of flowers nearly
globose, terminal and axillary ; capsule downy, elliptic, crowned
RUBIACE,E. CLXXXV. BORRERIA.
615
by the 4 nearly equal teeth of the calyx, and with a small acces-
sory tooth between each of these, i/ . S. Native of the south
of Brazil and Buenos Ayres. Heads small. Leaves an inch long,
and a line broad. Seed oblong, granular.
Eryngo-like Borreria. PI. 1 foot.
39 B. SATUREI^FOLIA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnae. 3. p.
313.) stem shrubby, erect, smoothish ; branchlets tetragonal;
leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, glabrous, with somewhat revo-
lute edges ; bristles of the stipulas rather downy, longer than
the sheath ; whorles of flowers semi-globose, axillary, and ter-
minal, the latter the largest ; capsule glabrous, crowned by
the 4 elongated calycine teeth, which are furnished with short
pili in the recesses, ^ . S. Native of equinoctial Brazil. Said
to be allied to B. suaveolens, but the flowers are smaller, the in-
volucral leaves are larger, and the stature is smaller, &c.
Savory-leaved Borreria. Shrub 1 foot.
40 B. SUAVE'OLENS (Meyer, esseq. p. 81. t. 1.) glabrous;
stem shrubby, erect, much branched ; branchlets slightly tetra-
gonal ; leaves linear, pungent, opposite, and falsely verticillate ;
bristles of the stipulas stiff", rather shorter than the sheath ;
whorles of flowers globose, a few axillary, and a larger ter-
minal one, which is involucrated by 8 leaves ; corolla gla-
brous, with acuminated lobes ; capsule ovate, glabrous, crowned
by the 4 teeth of the calyx, and 4 small accessory ones in
the recesses between the others. Fj . S. Native of Dutch
Guiana, in shady places, at Arrowabichkreck. Bigelowia sua-
veolens, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 404. exclusive of the variety from
Porto Rico, and probably that from Brazil. Corolla funnel-
shaped, ex Meyer. Stamens exserted.
Sweet- scented Borreria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
41 SIDERITIS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 201.) plant
scabrous from hairs ; stem tetragonal, having the angles a little
winged ; leaves ovate-oblong, sessile, marked by 4 nerves on
both sides ; bristles of the stipulas shorter than the sheath,
which is pilose ; whorles of flowers axillary, at length globose ;
lobes of the corolla bearded outside ; capsule pilose, ovate,
crowned by the 4 teeth of the calyx. If. . S. Native of equi-
noctial Brazil. Plant probably procumbent.
Sideritis-]\ke Borreria. PI. procumbent.
42 B. SCA'NDENS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 546.) stem shrubby at the
base, ascending, weak, rather scandent, branched ; branches te-
tragonal, striated, rather scabrous along the angles ; leaves ovate,
glabrous, tapering into the petioles a little ; bristles of the sti-
pulas few, shorter than the sheath ; heads of flowers small,
terminal, girded by 4 leaves ; capsule oval, glabrous, crowned
by the 4 teeth of the calyx. If.. S. Native of Guadaloupe,
where it was collected by Bertero. Diodia sarmentosa, from
Guadaloupe, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 405. Spermacoce scandens,
Gmel. syst. 235. — Sloan, jam. hist. 1. t. 28. f. 4. A. It differs
from Diodia sarmentosa, in the leaves being glabrous and more
ovate, in the heads being terminal, and in the fruit being dehis-
cent.
Climbing Borreria. Shrub cl.
43 B. AFFINIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 546.) stems herbaceous, te-
tragonal, having the angles scabrous from pili ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate, acuminated, tapering to the base, scabrous from scat-
tered pili above, and more so along the veins beneath ; bristles
of the stipulas yellow, 7-9, longer than the sheath ; whorles of
flowers sessile, axillary, and terminal, the latter involucrated
by 2-4 leaves ; capsule oval, glabrous, crowned by the 4 subu-
late teeth of the calyx, and 4 smaller subulate accessory ones in
the recesses between the others. — Native of Brazil, where it
was collected by Pohl. Spermac6ce afFinis, Pohl, in litt.
Allied Borreria. PI. 1 foot.
44 B. MICROPHY'LLA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 456.) glabrous; stems
herbaceous, ascending, tetragonal ; leaves lanceolate-linear, acute ;
bristles of the stipulas 7-9, longer than the sheath; whorles 10-
12-flowered in nearly all the axils, and at the tops of the stem
and branches, all equal in size, the latter girded by 4-6 leaves ;
capsule oval, downy, crowned by the 4 subulate teeth of the
calyx. — Native of Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl.
Spermacoce microphylla, Pohl, in litt. Leaves 7-8 inches long,
and 1-| to 2 broad.
Small-leaved Borreria. PI. ascending.
45 B. RUBRO-STIPULAVTA (D. C. 1. c.) stem herbaceous,
straight, almost simple, tetragonal, having the angles beset with
retrograde villi ; leaves oblong-linear, acute at both ends, oppo-
site, or falsely verticillate ; bristles of the stipulas 7-9, stiffisli,
coloured, glabrous, longer than the sheath, which is downy ;
whorles of flowers capitate, 3-4 axillary, and one terminal,
the latter the largest, and girded by 4 leaves ; teeth of the calyx
4; anthers exserted. O- S. Native of Brazil, where it was
collected by Pohl. Spermacoce rubro-stipulata, and Sperm,
fasciculata, Pohl, in litt. Spermacoce Brasiliensis, Spreng. syst.
1. p. 402. Fruit unknown.
Red-stipuled Borreria. PI. -| to 1 foot.
46 B. ELONGATA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 547.) stem herbaceous,
branched ; branches elongated, hairy, terete ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate, acuminated, downy on both surfaces ; bristles of the
stipulas longer than the sheath, which is villous ; whorles of
flowers capitate, 1-2 axillary, and a nearly globose terminal one,
which is involucrated by 5-6 leaves ; teeth of the calyx 4,
acute, short. — Native of Brazil, where it was collected by
Pohl. Spermacoce verticillata, Pohl. in litt. Branches a foot
high. Leaves usually in fascicles in the axils. Fruit un-
known, and therefore the plant is referred to Borreria from habit
only.
.E/ongated-branched Borreria. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
47 B. FERRUGINEA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 547.) stem herbaceous,
hard, erect, branched ; branches tetragonal, hairy ; leaves ob-
long, acute, obliquely 3-4-nerved, scabrous above, and pale be-
neath and scabrous on the nerves from hairs ; bristles of the
stipulas the length of the sheath ; whorles of flowers globose,
terminal, and axillary; capsule downy, crowned by the 4 subulate
teeth of the calyx. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in elevated pas-
tures in the provinces of Minas Geraes and St. Paul. Sperma-
coce furruginea, St. Hil.pl. usuel. bras. no. 13. t. 13. Sperma-
coce globosa, Pohl, in litt. The hairs on the branches and
nerves of the leaves are rust coloured. Corollas rose-coloured,
violaceous, or white, with the lobes pilose at the apex. Heads
of flowers one half larger than those of B. verticillata, which
it is very like. The plant is called Poaya and Poaya do praya
at Cape Frio. The roots are of a brown colour, and are used
as Ipecacuanha.
Rusty Borreria. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
48 B. SPH*VRICA (D. C. 1. c.) stem suffruticose at the base?
branched, terete, glabrous ; leaves oblong-linear, acute, scabrous
above, pale and villous beneath ; bristles of the stipulas longer
than the sheath, which is villous ; heads of flowers globose,
terminal, and axillary ; capsule oblong, glabrous, crowned by
the 4 subulate ciliated teeth of the calyx. f? . S. Native of
Cayenne. Very like B. ferruginea, but differs from it in the
branches being smoothish, in the leaves being less nerved, in the
involucral leaves being 4, larger and reflexed, and in the capsules
being twice the length.
Spherical-headed Borreria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
49 B. LUTE'SCKNS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 547.) stem terete, sim-
ple, clothed with dense soft hairs, but with retrograde down at
the apex ; leaves sessile, lanceolate, acuminated, villous on both
surfaces, furnished with 4 oblique nerves on each side ; bristles
of the stipulas stiffish, rufous, much longer than the sheath,
which is almost obsolete ; whorles of flowers dense, sessile,
GIG
RUBIACE.E. CLXXXV. BORREKIA.
1-2 axillary, and a terminal globose one, which is involucrated
by reflexed bracteas ; capsule oblong, villous at the apex,
crowned by the 4 subulate, glabrous teeth of the calyx. —
Native of Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl. Spermac6ce
lutescens, Pohl, in litt. Allied to B. ferruginea.
Lu'escent Borreria. PI. 1 foot.
50 B. H.ENKEA NA (D. C. 1. c.) stem erect, sub-herbaceous,
straight, branched, tetragonal, with the angles hairy at the apex ;
leaves linear, acute, rather scabrous, with rather revolute
edges ; bristles of the stipulas longer than the sheath ; heads of
Mowers globose, terminal, girded by 4-leaved reflexed invo-
lucra ; capsule obovate, roughish, crowned by the 4 lanceo-
late teeth of the calyx. — Native of Mexico and Peru. Bige-
lowia psyllioides, Bartl. in herb. Haenke. Spermacoce tenuior,
Pav. ined. but not of Lin. It differs from B. psyllioides
in the involucrum being reflexed, in the heads being one half
larger, in the limb of the calyx being divided into 4 lobes to the
base, not to the middle.
Hcenhe's Borreria. PI. 1 foot.
51 B. STRICTISSIMA (D. C. 1. c.) stem and branches straight,
tetragonal, clothed with powdery down under the nodi ; leaves
linear, acute, glabrous, almost veinless, opposite, and in axillary
fascicles ; bristles of the stipulas 5-7, stiff, longer than the
sheath ; whorles of flowers capitate, sessile, 1-2 of which are
axillary, and a larger terminal globose one, which is girded by
2-4 leaves ; capsule oblong, glabrous, crowned by the 4 short
subulate teeth of the calyx. — Native of Brazil, where it was
collected by Pohl. Spermacoce strictissima, Pohl, in litt.
Allied to B. suaveolens, but differs from that species in the calyx
being without accessory teeth. Corolla unknown.
Very straight Borreria. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
52 B. TENE'LLA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 317.)
stem suffruticose at the base, erect, nearly terete, clothed with
retrograde adpressed villi; leaves oblong-linear, acuminated,
clothed with small down above, and scabrous on the nerves and
margins, having a few oblique nerves on both sides ; bristles of
the stipulas longer than the sheath, which is downy ; heads of
flowers globose, terminal, surrounded by 4 reflexed leaves ;
capsules oblong, hairy at top, crowned by the hairy 4-toothed
calyx. Jj.S. Native of equinoctial Brazil.
Var. fl, angustijolia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 547.) plant weak ;
leaves narrow-linear ; heads size of peas ; floral leaves spread-
ing. Jj . S. Native of Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl ;
and along the banks of the Orinoco, by Humboldt and Bonpland.
Spermacoce longiseta, Pohl, in litt. Spermacoce tenella, H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 345. Sperm, capitata, Willd.
herb. Sperm. Orinocensis, Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3.
p. 531.
Var. y, lavandultsfblia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 548.) stem at first
clothed with fine velvety down, but at length becoming glabrous;
leaves linear, with rather revolute margins ; bristles of the sti-
pulas very long ; heads of the flowers hemispherical, depressed,
involucrated by 4 spreading leaves. 17 . S. Native of Brazil,
where it was collected by Pohl. Spermacoce lavandulaefolia,
Pohl, in litt.
Weak Borreria. Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
53 LINOIDES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 458.) quite glabrous ; stem
suffruticose at the base, erect ; branches tetragonal ; leaves
linear, acutish, with revolute edges ; stipulas ending in 1-3 stiff,
setaceous points ; axillary heads few, or wanting, and 1 terminal
and sub-globose, the latter involucrated by 2-4 reflexed floral
leaves ; corolla glabrous ; capsule oval, glabrous, crowned by
the 4 short teeth of the calyx. T? . S. Native of Brazil, where
it was collected by Pohl. Spermacoce linoides, Pohl, in litt.
Anthers exserted.
Flax-like Borreria. Shrub 1 foot.
54 B. ? psyLLioinES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
346. t. 278. under Spermacoce) stem suffruticose, erect, tetra-
gonal, branched, scabrous from retrograde bristles; leaves linear-
lanceolate, hairy on both surfaces, with serrulately scabrous
edges ; bristles of stipulas longer than the sheath ; heads of
flowers terminal, involucrated by 6-8 radiant floral leaves ; calyx
funnel-shaped, 4-cleft to the middle. Jj . S. Native of Mexico,
near Ario. Fruit unknown, but from habit it is evidently a
species of Borreria. Very nearly allied to B. strictissima and
B. Hcenkeana. It differs from all the rest of the species in the
calyx being divided to the middle.
Fleanort-like Borreria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
55 B. FLAVE'SCENS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 548.) plant diffuse,
quite glabrous, suffruticose at the base ; branchlets tetragonal ;
leaves oblong, acute, attenuated at the base ; bristles of stipulas
3-5, longer than the sheath ; axillary whorles of flowers few,
and one terminal and larger than the axillary ones, the latter in-
volucrated by 2-4 floral leaves ; capsule oval, crowned by the
lanceolate teeth of the calyx. fj . S. Native of Brazil, where
it was collected by Pohl. Spermacoce flavescens, Pohl, in litt.
The whole herb is yellowish. The nuts of the immature fruit
appear almost indehiscent ; it is, therefore, perhaps a species
of Diodia, with the habit of Borreria.
Yellowish Borreria. Shrub diffuse.
56 B. SCA'BRIDA (D. C. 1. c.) stem erect, tetragonal, sca-
brous on the angles ; leaves lanceolate, acute, with 4 oblique
nerves on both sides, scabrous above, and pilose on the nerves
beneath ; bristles of stipulas 5, stiffish, longer than the sheath ;
whorles of flowers capitate, sessile, terminal, and axillary, ap-
proximate ; corolla glabrous ; capsule oblong, glabrous, crowned
by the 4 subulate teeth of the calyx. — Native of Brazil, where it
was collected by Pohl. Spermac6ce scabrida, Pohl, in litt.
Corollas one half smaller than in B. asclepiadea.
Scabrous Borreria. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ?
57 B. ASCLEI-IA'DEA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 320.
under Btgelbmia) plant smoothish, suffruticose at the base ; stems
erect, tetragonal, glabrous, but downy at the apex, having the
angles winged ; leaves lanceolate, acute, glabrous, obliquely 4-
nerved on both sides ; bristles of stipulas 3, longer than the
sheath, the middle one the longest ; whorles of flowers loosely
capitate, terminal, and axillary ; lobes of corolla lanceolate,
bearded a little ; capsule elliptic, crowned by the 4 elongated,
acuminated teeth of the calyx. Jj . S. Native of the south
of Brazil Stipulas 2, revolute.
Var. ft, glaberrima (D. C. prod. 4. p. 548.) stems and co-
rollas glabrous; stipulas furnished with one bristle each. I?. S.
Native of equinoctial Brazil.
Asclepias-like Borreria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
58 B. PERROTTE'TII (D. C. 1. c.) stem herbaceous, tetragonal,
with rather rough angles ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated
at both ends, scabrous above, and downy beneath, obliquely
nerved ; bristles of stipulas 9, hispid, longer than the sheath ;
flowers axillary, verticillate, sessile ; capsule oblong, compressed,
crowned by the 4 lanceolate acute connivent teeth of the calyx.
— Native of French Guiana, where it was collected by Perrottet.
Perhaps Sperm. 4spera, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 59. t. 22. f. 6. not
of Vahl, but in the present plant the branches are nearly gla-
brous.
Perrottct's Borreria. PI. 1 foot. ?
59 B. NERVOSA (Pohl, in litt. under Chlorophytum, ex D. C.
prod. 4. p. 548.) the whole plant clothed with scabrous pubes-
cence ; stems erect, tetragonal, striated ; leaves lanceolate, or
oval-lanceolate, acute, obliquely 4-5-nerved on both sides ; sti-
pulas cleft into 3-5 linear, acute ligulae; whorles of flowers axil-
lary and terminal, sessile ; lobes of calyx 3-4, longer than the
ovarium, lanceolate, acuminated, scabrous, a little toothed at
RUBIACE^l. CLXXXV. BORRERIA.
617
the apex. Tf.. S. Native of Brazil, where it was collected by
Pohl. Perhaps the same as Spermacoce Poaya, var. pubescens,
St. Hil. &c.
Nerved-leaved Borreria. PL 1 foot.
60 B. PRATE'NSIS (Pohl. in litt. under Chlorophytum, ex D. C.
prod. 4. p. 548.) quite glabrous ; stem tetragonal, erect, almost
simple, with the angles a little winged ; leaves sessile, oblong,
acute, with 6-7 prominent veins on each side ; stipulas trian-
gular, 3-4-toothed at the apex : teeth acute, middle one the
largest; heads of flowers axillary and terminal: lower ones on
short peduncles, the rest sessile ; lobes of calyx 4, lanceolate-li-
near ; lobes of corolla smoothish ; stamens exserted. If.S. Na-
tive of Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl. Corolla very like
that of B. Poaya when dry. Perhaps the same as Spermacoce
gentianoides, St. Hil. pi. us. bras. no. 12. in a note.
Meadow Borreria. PI. 1 foot.
61 B. POA'YA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 549.) quite glabrous; stem
herbaceous, simple, tetragonal ; leaves sessile, oblong-elliptic,
acute, obliquely 6-nerved on both sides of the mid-rib ; stipulas
cleft into many long bristles; whorles of flowers capitate, sessile,
few axillary, and a larger terminal one ; lobes of calyx 4, lanceo-
late-linear, acute, longer than the ovarium ; corolla smoothish ;
anthers exserted. If.. S. Native of Brazil, in elevated pas-
tures, in the mine provinces frequent. Spermacoce Poaya, var.
a, St. Hil. pi. us. bras. no. 12. t. 12. Corolla blue, with the
lobes rather hairy above. The roots are white, and are substi-
tuted with success in place of Ipecacuanha. The leaves are at
first sweet, but afterwards acid, and a decoction of them is used
in the cure of cholic.
Poaya Borreria. PL ^ to 1 foot.
62 B. PLATYPHY'LLA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 549.) the whole plant
is scabrous from stiff hairs ; stem herbaceous, erect, simple, te-
tragonal, having the angles a little winged ; leaves lanceolate,
acute, attenuated at the base, obliquely 4-5-nerved on both
sides ; stipulas ending in 5-7 very long scabrous bristles ;
whorles of flowers sessile, capitate, many axillary, and one ter-
minal, which is hardly larger than the rest ; lobes of calyx 4,
lanceolate -linear, subulate, scabrous, longer than the ovarium.
I/ . S. Native of Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl. Sper-
macoce latifolia, Pohl, in litt. but not of Aubl. Bristles of sti-
pulas 6 lines long. Very nearly allied to B. Poaya, but differs
in being hispid. Corolla unknown.
Broad-leaved Borreria. PL | to 1 foot.
63 B.? GYMNOCE'PHALA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 549.) stem branched,
tetragonal, striated, furrowed, and glabrous between the angles :
and the angles are winged a little, and rough from being serru-
lated ; leaves ovate, acute, attenuated at the base, glabrous, ob-
liquely nerved ; bristles of stipulas 7-9, longer than the sheath ;
whorles of flowers nearly globose, many axillary, and one ter-
minal, which is naked from the abortion of the floral leaves ;
teeth of calyx 2-3, conically subulate. — Native of Brazil.
This plant is probably generically distinct from Borreria.
Stem tetragonal and smooth between the heads. Corollas small.
Anthers inclosed.
Naked-headed Borreria. PL 1 foot. ?
64 B. CYMOSA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 323.)
shrubby, glabrous ; branches flexuous, tetragonal ; leaves ellip-
tic-lanceolate, acuminated, coriaceous, on short petioles ; stipulas
interpetiolar, connate, drawn out on both sides into 5 linear seg-
ments, the middle segment the longest ; heads of flowers 3 at
the top of each stem, and the lateral ones pedunculated and
almost leafless ; capsule smoothish, crowned by the 4 lanceo-
late-linear teeth of the calyx, fy . S. Native of Brazil, in the
province of Rio Janeiro. Spermacoce cymosa, Sprang, syst. 1.
p. 403. Leaves 3 inches long, and one broad. Corollas hairy
outside. Inflorescence rather panicled.
VOL. III.
Cyr/Kwe-headed Borreria. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
§ 2. Flowers solitary, or in axillary fascicles.
65 B. VIRGAVTA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. S. p. 324.)
branches fistular, tetragonal, with downy angles ; leaves lanceo-
late, tapering to both ends, glabrous on the margins, and sca-
brous at the nerves beneath ; upper stipulas undivided, the rest
downy, and furnished with 5-9 bristles ; flowers glomerate in
every other axil ; capsules downy, elliptic, crowned by the irregu-
larly 2-6-toothed calyx. H..S. Native of Brazil, about Rio Janeiro.
Twiggy Borreria. PL 1-| foot.
66 B. SAPONARI«FOLIA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p.
325.) glabrous ; stem prostrate, tetragonal, fistular, branched :
leaves sessile, acuminated, with scabrous margins ; lower ones
obovate, upper ones lanceolate : bristles of stipulas 1-3, hairy,
the middle one the largest ; flowers solitary in every axil ; cap-
sule glabrous, oblong-elliptic, crowned by the 2 primary and the
2 accessory teeth of the calyx. — Native of Brazil.
Soap-nort-leaved Borreria. PI. prostrate.
67 B. A'RIDA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 549.) stems simple, erectish,
tetragonal, downy, glabrous at the apex ; leaves linear, acute,
scabrous on the nerve beneath at the apex, with revolute ser-
rately scabrous edges ; bristles of stipulas 5-7, stiffish, longer
than the sheath ; flowers 2-3 together, axillary, sessile; capsule
oval-oblong, rather downy, crowned by the 2 subulate teeth of
the calyx. — Native of Porto Rico, in arid places by the
sea side, where ft was collected by Bertero. Bigelowia suaveo-
lens, from Porto Rico, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 416. but is very dis-
tinct from the true B. suaveolens.
Arid Borreria. PL 1 foot.
§ 3. Flowers disposed in cymes, or corymbose-cymes. Floral
leaves small. Corollas campanulately funnel-shaped. Seeds
marked by a crest inside, probably in all. Perhaps a proper
genus.
68 B. ERICOIDES (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 326.)
shrubby, erect, glabrous ; branchlets tetragonal ; leaves linear,
blunti.-h, 1-nerved, opposite, or in whorled fascicles : bristles of
stipulas 3-5, shorter than the sheath ; cymes terminal, 3-4-
forked ; floral leaves small ; capsule cylindrically turbinate,
crowned by the 4 elliptic teeth of the calyx. Tj . S. Native
of equinoctial Brazil. Corolla short, funnel-shaped, glabrous
outside, and villous in the throat. Habit of a heath.
Heath-like Borreria. Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
69 B. ANTHOSPERMOIDES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 550.) glabrous ;
branches twiggy, tetragonal ; leaves linear, acutish, nerveless ;
bristles of stipulas many, stiff, longer than the sheath ; corymbs
small, terminal, crowded ; lobes of calyx 4, narrow, acute. J? .
S. Native of South America, near Santa Fe de Bogota. Habit
of B. slipulata, with the inflorescence of B. ericoldes. Mature
fruit unknown.
Anthospermum-like Borreria. PL 1 foot.
70 B. EUPATORIOIDES (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p.
327.) shrubby, downy; branches bluntly tetragonal; leaves
ovate-oblong, acute, lined ; bristles of stipulas equal in length
to the sheath ; cymes terminal, compact, trichotomous ; floral
leaves small ; capsule oblong, downy, crowned by the 4 ovate
teeth of the calyx. fj . S. Native of Equinoctial Brazil. Co-
rolla campanulately funnel-shaped, downy outside.
Eupatorium-like Borreria. Shrub 1 foot.
71 B. CENTRAKTHOIDES (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p.
328.) plant herbaceous, smoothish ; stem ascending, fistular,
bluntly tetragonal ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, attenuated at both
ends, rather scabrous ; bristles of stipulas 5-7, hardly longer
than the sheath ; cymes terminal, fastigiate, pedunculate ; floral
leaves small ; capsule hairy, obconically cylindrical, crowned by
4K
618
. CLXXXV. BORRERIA.
the 4 ovate teeth of the calyx. If. . S. Native of the south of
Brazil.
Var. ft, angustifolia (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c.) the whole plant
canescent from hairs ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, much more
nerved than those of the species. 3£ . S. Native of the south
of Brazil.
Centranthus-like Borreria. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
72 B. POHLIA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 550.) branches hairy,
compressed ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, lined, downy above,
and rather hairy on the nerves beneath ; bristles of stipulas
length of sheath, which is villous ; corymbs trichotomous, ter-
minal, crowded ; tube of calyx canescent from hairs ; lobes of
calyx 4, lanceolate ; corolla hairy inside. — Native of Brazil,
where it was collected by Pohl. Hydrophylax pusillum,
Pohl, in litt. Fruit unknown, but the plant has a habit very
different from Hydrophylax, and appears to be nearly allied
to B. eupatorioides and B. centrantholdes.
Fold's Borreria. PL 1 foot.
73 B. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p.
330.) plant herbaceous, erect, glabrous ; stem tetragonal ; leaves
lanceolate-linear, with revolute edges, having 2-3 veins on each
side of the mid-rib ; bristles of stipulas twice the length of the
sheath, which is downy ; cymes trichotomous, contracted ; floral
leaves small ; capsule oblong -cylindrical, glabrous, crowned by
the 4 lanceolate teeth of the calyx. J/ . S. Native of Equi-
noctial Brazil. Corolla short, glabrous outside.
Narrow-leaved Borreria. Shrub 1 foot.
74 B. CORYMBOSA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, under Bigelowia,
ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 550.) glabrous; stem suffruticose, terete,
erect ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, lined with veins, which are
smooth, as well as the margins ; bristles of stipulas longer than
the sheath ; corymbs terminal, trichotomous ; capsule obovate-
oblong, glabrous, crowned by the 4 lanceolate teeth of the calyx.
t? . S. Native of Peru, on the mountains. Spermacoce corym-
bosa, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 60. t. 91. f. a. but not of Lin.
Spermacoce Peruviana, Pers. ench. 1. p. 124. Hedyotis Sper-
macocea, Domb. herb. The leaves of the figure in fl. per. are
one half broader than those of the specimens collected by Pavon
and Haenke.
Corymbose-fiov/ered. Borreria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
75 B. VERBENOIDES (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 550.)
plant herbaceous, erect, smoothish ; stem tetragonal at bottom ;
leaves narrow-lanceolate, very acute, scabrous on the margins
above ; bristles of stipulas longer than the sheath ; cymes ter-
minal, di-trichotomous, with a lateral flower ; floral leaves
small ; capsule almost cylindrical, glabrous, crowned by the 4
lanceolate teeth of the calyx. 3; . S. Native of the south of
Brazil. Herb very variable in habit, sometimes glabrous, and
sometimes downy. Leaves linear, or lanceolate ; lower ones
usually ovate, petiolate. Corolla short, tubular, clothed with
pruinose down outside.
Vervain-like Borreria. PI. 4 feet.
76 B. VALERIANOIDES (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p.
335.) plant herbaceous, erect ; stem tetragonal, fistular, gla-
brous at the base, but scabrous from retrograde bristles at the
apex ; leaves lanceolate, acute : lower ones somewhat spatulate,
with the nerves all scabrous from hairs : bristles of stipulas
longer than the sheath, which is rather scabrous ; cymes ter-
minal, large, trichotomous ; floral leaves small ; capsule nearly
cylindrical, roughish, crowned by the 4 narrow-linear teeth of
the calyx. 3;. S. Native of Equinoctial Brazil. Corolla
glabrous ; lobes acute, bearded with stiff hairs at the apex.
Valerian- like Borreria. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
77 B. LA'XA (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 337.) plant herba-
ceous, erect ; stem fistular, tetragonal, with opposite, spreading
branches ; leaves lanceolate, attenuated at both the ends, loose,
membranous, with scabrous edges ; bristles of stipulas glabrous,
length of the sheath, which is downy ; cymes terminal, some-
what trichotomous ; floral leaves small ; capsule elliptic, rather
truncate, crowned by the 4 narrow, acute teeth of the calyx.
I/. S. Native of the south of Brazil.
Zoose-leaved Borreria. PI. 2 feet.
78 B. ? EQUISETOIDES (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 338.) gla-
brous ; root woody ; stems herbaceous, erect, contracted at the
nodi, bluntly tetragonal ? leaves narrow-linear, straight, almost
filiform, with revolute, scabrous edges ; stipulas fuscescent, ciliat-
ed with bristles ; cymes terminal and axillary, crowded. 1£. S.
Native of the south of Brazil. Habit of the plant elegant ; but
the fruit being unknown, it is very doubtful whether it belongs
to the present genus.
Horse- tail- like Borreria. PI. 3 feet.
§ 4. Flowers umbellate ; umbels cymose or capitate.
79 B. UMBELLAVTA (Spreng. neu. entd. 2. p. 144.) stem herba-
ceous, branched, somewhat tetragonal, shining ; leaves lanceo-
late, tapering to both ends, glabrous ; stipulas setose, connate at
the base ; umbels pedunculate, semi-globose, axillary, and ter-
minal ; capsule obconical, downy, crowned by the 4 acute teeth
of the calyx. T±. S. Native of Brazil, within the tropic.
Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 338. Bigelowia umbellata,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 405. Corolla small, white. Herb clothed
with very fine down while young.
Umbellate-flowered Borreria. PI.
80 B. ? ARALIOIDES (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 339.)
glabrous ; stem herbaceous, erect, fistular, tetragonal, branched
at the top ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, on short petioles, ra-
ther coriaceous ; bristles of stipulas few, shorter than the sheath ;
cymes umbellate, terminal, downy, with tetragonal branchlets ;
calyx glabrous, acutely 4-toothed ; anthers exserted. — Native
of Equinoctial Brazil. Allied to B. vmbellata, but is twice
the size in all its parts. Fruit unknown, therefore the genus
is doubtful.
Aralia-like Borreria. PL 2 feet.
f Species not sufficiently known.
81 B. ADSCE'NDENS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 340.)
glabrous ; stems ascending ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute ; sti-
pulas toothed : teeth bristly — Native of Madagascar. Sperma-
coce adscendens, Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 523.
Ascending Borreria. PL ascending.
82 B. VAGINA'TA (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 340.) stem suf-
fruticose, and is as well as the branches, terete and glabrous ;
leaves lanceolate : stipulas connate ; lower ones sheathed : fruit
hispid. — Native of St. Domingo. Spermacoce vaginata, Willd.
in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 531. Bigelowia vaginata, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 405.
Sheathed Borreria. Shrub 1 foot. ?
83 B. LINIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 551.) stem herbaceous,
tetragonal, rather villous on the angles ; leaves linear-lanceolate,
acute, on short petioles, villous, with scabrous margins ; bristles
of stipulas rather shorter than the flowers : whorles of flowers
axillary and terminal ; the latter globose, and girded by 4
leaves: anthers exserted; calyxes clothed with cinereous villi.
— Native of Cayenne. Spermacoce linifolia, Vahl, eel. 1. p.
8. but not of Nees. Bigelowia linifolia, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 404.
Fruit unknown. Anthers blue.
Flax-leaved Borreria. PL 1 foot.
Cult. The species of Borreria are of most easy culture. A
light soil suits them best ; and cuttings of the perennial and
shrubby kinds strike root readily in the same kind of soil, in
heat. The annual kinds require the treatment of other tender
annuals. 1
RUBIACE^E. CLXXXVI. SPERMACOCE.
619
CLXXXVI. SPERMACO'CE (from oirtppa, sperma, a
seed, and QKIUKTI, akoke, a point ; in allusion to the capsule being
crowned by the calycine points). Meyer, fl. esseq. p. 79. Cham,
et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 355. D. C. prod. 4. p. 552. —
Spermacoce species, Lin. Lam. Spreng. &c. — Spermacoce, Co-
velia, and Chenocarpus, Neck. elem. no. 336, 337 ? and 339.
LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
or turbinate tube, and a 2-4-lobed limb (f. 108. a. &.), and
sometimes accessory teeth in the recesses of the primary lobes.
Corolla salver-shaped, or funnel-shaped, 4-lobed (f. 108. c.).
Stigma bifid or undivided. Capsule crowned by the limb of
the calyx (f. 108. _/!), which is often obliterated, 2-celled; nuts
1 -seeded, dividing into 2 parts from the apex : the one part closed
by the adnate dissepiment, and the other open. Seed oval-ob-
long, marked inside by a longitudinal furrow. — Herbs or sub-
shrubs. Branches or stems usually tetragonal. Leaves opposite.
Stipulas combined with the petioles, sheathing, fringed by numer-
ous bristles. Flowers axillary, sessile, crowded, verticillate,
or semi-verticillate, white, red, or blue. — The fruit of this
genus is drawn with great character in Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 25. —
The fruit of a great number of the plants still preserved in this
genus being unknown, many of them will yet be expelled, when
proper specimens can be procured.
* Species natives of America.
1 S. TENU'IOR (Lin. spec. p. 147.) stems herbaceous, branch-
ed ; branches tetragonal, with the angles smooth or scabrous ;
leaves lanceolate, on very short petioles, rather scabrous above
and on the margins ; bristles of stipulas hardly longer than the
sheath ; flowers disposed in sessile axillary fascicles, semi-ver-
ticillate ; stamens inclosed ; capsule oval, usually hairy, crowned
by the 4 short, acute calycine teeth. O- F. Native of the
West India Islands, as of Jamaica, Martinico, Porto-Rico,
Cuba, St. Domingo, &c., as well as of Peru, Panama, Carolina,
very frequent. S. lanceolata and S. dichotoma, Willd. in herb.
S. parviflora, Salisb. prod. p. 60. — Dill. elth. p. 370. t. 359.
Lam. ill. t. 62. f. 1. There are varieties of this species (ex
Swartz, obs. p. 43.) with smooth, pubescent, and straight or
ascending stems ; narrow and broader leaves ; whorled or solitary
flowers ; smooth or hispid fruit, having one of the parts or
nuts bearing 3 of the calycine teeth, and the other bearing
only one. The varieties are so numerous, and run so gradu-
ally into each other, as hardly to be distinguished, many speci-
mens of which are to be found in herbaria, under various names,
from their different habits ; as P. assurgens, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
402. a native of Porto-Rico, but not of the fl. per. ; and Sperm,
longifolia, Bartl. in herb. Haenke, &c. Some specimens are
suffruticose at the base, and others are herbaceous. Perhaps
the whole form a congeries of species, of which some may be
ultimately distinguished from each other. The flowers in most
of the varieties are of a white or pink colour, and one is said
to have yellow flowers.
Slender Spermacoce. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1792. PI. 1 to 3 ft.
2 S. PORTORICE'NSIS (Balb. in herb. Bert, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 552.) stem herbaceous, glabrous, tetragonal ; leaves elliptic-
oblong, acuminated at both ends, on very short petioles, gla-
brous ; stipulas rather downy, having the bristles longer than
the sheath ; flowers axillary, sessile, crowded, semi-verticillate ;
fruit oval, rather downy, somewhat truncate at the apex. —
Native of Porto-Rico, where it was collected by Bertero. Per-
haps sufficiently distinct from S. tenuior.
Porto-Rico Button-weed. PL 1 to 2 feet.
3 S. LONGIFOLIA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 59. t. 21.) stem herba-
ceous, glabrous, dichotomous, and are, as well as the branches,
acutely tetragonal ; leaves oval-oblong, tapering to both ends,
on short petioles, scabrous above between the nerves and on the
margins, and pilose on the nerves beneath ; stipulas downy,
bearing each 5-7 bristles, and short hairs between these bristles ;
whorles axillary, few-flowered ; fruit ovate, downy, crowned by
the 4 short teeth of the calyx. J? . S. Native of French Guiana.
S. fruticosa, Poir. Flowers white. Stems reddish.
Long-leaved Button-weed. Shrub.
4 S. CJERU'LEA (Pohl. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 552.) stem
herbaceous, almost tetragonal, downy ; leaves elliptic-oblong,
acute, petiolate, glabrous, downy on the nerves beneath ; sti-
pulas downy, bearing 5-7 bristles, which are a little longer than
the sheath ; flowers axillary, sessile, crowded, semi-verticillate ;
fruit oval, downy, truncate at the apex. — Native of Brazil,
where it was collected by Pohl. Flowers blue. Very nearly
allied to S. tenuior, but is very distinct.
.B^Me-flowered Button-weed. PL 1 to 2 feet ?
5 S. RIPA'RIA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 355.) quite
glabrous ; stems loose, fistular, tetragonal, suffrutescent at the
base ; leaves lanceolate, acute, with scabrous margins ; bristles
of stipulas 5, longer than the sheath ; flowers terminal in the
upper axils, disposed in whorled heads ; stamens almost in-
closed ; capsule ovate, glabrous ; teeth of calyx 6-7, acute, at
length obliterated. I/ . S. Native of Brazil, on the banks of
the Rio Negro.
River-side Button-weed. PL 1 foot.
6 S. HEBECA'RPA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 553.) stem herbaceous,
tetragonal, nearly naked, downy; the rest of the plant smooth-
ish : leaves ovate, acute, tapering to the base, glabrous above,
but downy on the nerves beneath while young ; bristles of sti-
pulas many, rather shorter than the sheath, which is downy :
heads of flowers verticillate, 1-2 axillary, and one terminal ; the
latter girded by 4 very unequal leaves : fruit downy, truncate at
the apex. — Native of South America, about Caraccas, where
it was collected by Vargas. Both the nuts of the fruit being
dehiscent, it is therefore rather an ambiguous species.
Var. ft, angustior (D. C. prod. 4. p. 553.) leaves lanceolate,
and are, as well as the stems, glabrous. — Native of St. Domingo,
where it was collected by Bertero.
Downy-fruited Button- weed. PL 1 foot ?
7 S. DIFFU'SA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 343.)
stems suffruticose, procumbent, terete, hairy ; leaves lanceolate,
scabrous from retrograde hairs on both surfaces, with the margins
serrately scabrous ; stipulas hairy, ciliated with bristles : whorles
of flowers axillary, sessile, and one larger terminal ; the latter
girded by 4 leaves : capsule smoothish, globose, crowded by the 4
teeth of the calyx, 2 of which are linear-subulate, and longer than
the other 2. fj . S. Native of South America, in the province of
Varino, at the river Atures. Flowers white. Said to be allied to S.
tenuior, and therefore it is probably a true species of Spermacoce.
Diffuse Button-weed. Shrub procumbent.
8 S. SUFFRUTE'SCENS (Jacq.
schoenbr. t. 322.) stem suffru-
tescent at the base, rather dif-
fuse, branched, tetragonal, gla-
brous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate,
acuminated, lined, with sca-
brous margins ; stipulas fur-
nished with bristles : whorles of
flowers dense, sessile, axillary,
and terminal ; the latter girded
by 4 leaves : lobes of corolla
villous at the apex ; genitals
exserted ; stigma capitate ; fruit
turbinate, hispid, crowned by
the 4-cleft calyx, f? . S. Na-
tive country unknown. S. suf-
fruticosa, Spreng. syst. 1.
4K2
FIG. 108.
020
RUBIACEjE. CLXXXVI. SPERMACOCE.
100. S. tetragona, hort. berol. Leaves pilose above ? Flowers
pale red.
Su/rutescent Button-weed. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI.
| foot.
9 S. LINEA'RIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 343.)
stem suffruticose, obsoletely tetragonal, clothed with hairy down ;
leaves linear, scabrous above and on the margins, hairy beneath ;
stipulas hairy, ciliated with bristles ; whorles many-flowered,
sessile, axillary ; corollas glabrous ; stigma rather capitate, ex-
serted ; capsule oblong, hispid at top; teeth of calyx 4, ovate-
lanceolate. Tj . S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco. Corollas
white. Bigelowia linearis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 405.
Linear-leaved Button-weed. Shrub 1 foot. ?
* * Species natives of Africa.
10 S. PALMETO'RUM (D.C. prod. 4. p. 553.) plant herbaceous,
ascending, branched ; stem tetragonal, hairy ; branchlets com-
pressed ; leaves -oval-lanceolate, scabrous above and lined, hairy
beneath and nerved ; stipulas villous, with the bristles shorter
than the sheath ; flowers 5-6 together on both sides, sessile,
axillary, verticillate ; fruit rather hairy, obovate ; teeth of
calyx, 4, short, subulate, at length deciduous. — Native every
where about the Gambia, at the roots of palm-trees, in humid
places, where it was collected by Leprieur and Perrottet. Al-
. lied to S. tenuior. Perhaps Diodia scabra, Schum. pi. guin.
p. 76. ?
Palm-tree Button-weed. PI. 1 foot.
US.? PILO'SA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 553.) stem herbaceous,
tetragonal, with blunt, pilose angles ; leaves ovate, acute, sca-
brous on both surfaces ; bristles of stipulas distant, longer than
the sheaths ; whorles sessile, many-flowered ; fruit ovate,
crowned by the 4 reflexed, acute lobes of the calyx. — Native
of Guinea. Diodia pilosa, Schum. pi. guin. p. 76.
Pilose Button-weed. PL 1 foot.
12 S. PHYLLOCE'PHALA (D. C. 1. c.) plant erect, glabrous,
sparingly branched ; stems tetragonal; leaves linear, 1 -nerved :
floral ones dilated at the base ; bristles of stipulas 3-5 on each
side, longer than the sheath ; heads of flowers axillary, verticillate,
very few, and a large terminal one, the latter surrounded by long,
squarrose leaves ; fruit solitary in the axils of the floral leaves,
crowded from the floral leaves being clustered ; seeds large, shin-
ing- O- S. Native of the west coast of Africa, at Kouma and
Walo, where it was collected by Perrottet and Leprieur. Seeds
2 lines long, almost like those of Psyllium.
Leaf-headed Button-weed. PI. 1 foot.
13 S. STACHY'DEA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 554.) plant erect, nearly
simple, villous ; stem tetragonal ; branchlets compressed ; leaves
linear, acute, floral ones dilated at the base ; bristles of stipulas
5-7, longer than the sheath, which is velvety ; heads of flowers
verticillate, numerous, surrounded by 6-8 aggregate, squarrose
leaves ; flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves, and aggre-
gate only from the leaves being crowded ; lobes of calyx linear-
subulate, nearly the length of the fruit ; seeds large, shining.
Q. S. Native of the west coast of Africa, among stones, at
Bakel, where it was collected by Leprieur. Plant about a foot
high. Leaves 3 inches long, and nearly 4 lines broad. Bristles
of stipulas blackish. Seed 2 or 2-^ lines long, larger than any
other of the genus.
Stactiys-like Button-weed. PI. 1 foot.
14 S. OALEO'PSIDIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 554.) erect, branched;
stem tetragonal, hairy ; leaves lanceolate-linear, rather scabrous
on both surfaces ; bristles of stipulas longer than the sheath,
which is velvety ; flowers axillary, few, sub-verticillate ; fruit
large, velvety, longer than the subulate, calycine lobes. O- S.
Native of Senegambia, at Dagana, in sandy places. Allied to
S. Ruellia:, but very distinct. Herb about a foot high. Leaves
15-16 lines long, and 3 broad, pale beneath. Stipulas yellowish.
Fruit larger than in any other species of the genus, almost like
that of a species of Diodia, but is membranous and dehiscent.
Seeds large.
Galeopsis-lifce Button-weed. PI. 1 foot.
15 S. RUE'LLLE (D. C. 1. c.) erect, branched; stem tetra-
gonal, hispid ; leaves lanceolate-linear, acuminated, clothed with
rough down on both surfaces ; heads many, verticillate, axillary;
bristles of stipulas many, 3 times longer than the sheath, which
is downy ; valves of fruit at length opening widely at the apex ;
lobes of calyx subulate, rather longer than the fruit. Q. S.
Native of Equinoctial Africa, in sandy places at Bakel, where it
was collected by Leprieur. Stem a foot high. Leaves 3 inches
long, and 5-6 lines broad. Mature fruit nearly as in the genus
Ruelliee. Seed a line and a half long.
Ruellia-\ike Button- weed. PI. 1 foot.
16 S. CH.ETOCE'PHALA (D. C. 1. c.) stem erect, simple, terete
at the base and glabrous, and tetragonal at the apex, with the
angles scabrous ; leaves linear-elongated, acuminated, glabrous ;
bristles of stipulas 5-7, subulate, longer than the sheath, which
is villous ; heads verticillate, surrounded by many leaves, and
the many bristles of the stipulas ; fruit pale, membranous,
downy at the apex ; lobes of calyx subulate, shorter than the
fruit. O- S. Native of Equinoctial Africa, in Gala, among
rocks at Bakel, where it was collected by Leprieur. Plant 1^
foot high. Leaves 3 inches long, and 3 lines broad. Bristles
of stipulas rufous. Capsules whitish. Seeds a line long.
Bristly-headed Button-weed. PI. 1-J foot.
* Species natives of the Mauritius and Madagascar.
17 S. FLAGELLIFORMIS (Poir. diet. 7. p. 314.) stem herba-
ceous, terete, glabrous, simple, erectish ; leaves glabrous, ob-
long-lanceolate, acute, revolute on the margins at the base, and
therefore petiole-formed ; stipulas broad-ciipshaped, having the
bristles rather shorter than the sheath ; flowers axillary, few,
sessile, verticillate ; capsule ovate, puberulous, crowned by the
4 slender acute teeth of the calyx. O- S. Native of the
Mauritius and Bourbon. S. flagellaris, Willd. in Rcem. et
Schultes, syst. 3. p. 532. ex Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3.
p. 357. Hedyotis verticillata, Lam. ill. no. 1423. exclusive of
the synonymes of Desf.
Whip-formed Button-weed. PI. 1 foot.
18 S. MURICULA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 554.) glabrous; stem
herbaceous, tetragonal, having the angles just under the nodi
rough from small tubercles ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acumi-
nated at both ends, scabrous above ; bristles of stipulas longer
than the sheath, which is very short ; flowers disposed in sessile,
glomerate whorles in the axils of the leaves; fruit ovate, downy,
crowned by the 2-4 very short, acute, calycine teeth, but is at
length nearly naked. — Native of the Mauritius and Bourbon.
Allied to S. tenuior ; but the angles of the stem are not downy,
but scabrous from tubercles.
Muriculated-stemmed Button-weed. PI. 1 to 1-j- foot.
19 S. SERPYLLIFOLIA (Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p.
532.) plant diffuse, scabrous ; leaves elliptic, with revolute mar-
gins ; whorles few-flowered. — Native of Madagascar. A true
species of Spermacoce ex Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p.
357. but the rest is unknown.
Wild-thyme-leaved Button-weed. PI.
* * * » Species natives of India.
20 S. STRI'CTA (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 120.) stem herbaceous,
straight, erect, scabrous at the angles ; leaves linear-lanceolate,
lined, scabrous ; stipulas ciliately fringed ; whorles of flowers
axillary, remote, globose ; fruit obovate-globose, rather mem-
branous at the base, and hispid at the apex, crowned by the 4
. CLXXXVI. SPERMACOCE.
621
lobes of the calyx. Q. S. Native of the East Indies. S.
stricta, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 376. S. lasiocarpa, R. Br. in Wall.
cat. no. 832. Bigelowia stricta, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 404. Flowers
white.
Var. ft, latifblia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 555.) leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, rather scabrous above. — Native of Java, about Tugu.
Bigelowia stricta, Blum, bijdr. p. 945.
Straight Button-weed. Fl. June, July. C)t. 1820. PL ^
to 1 foot.
21 S. BURMA'NNI (D. C. prod. 4. p. 555.) stem tetragonal,
branched, slender, rather pilose on the angles; leaves oblong-
linear, acuminated at both ends, scabrous above, and on the mar-
gins ; bristles of stipulas glabrous, about the length of the
sheath, which is villous ; flowers axillary, sessile, few, somewhat
verticillate, almost inclosed in the stipular sheaths ; fruit ovate,
rather hairy, crowned by the 4 acute teeth of the calyx. —
Native of the East Indies. S. corymbosa, Burm. fl. ind. p. 34.
but not of Lin. Allied to S.flagelliformis. Flowers white.
Burmann's Button-weed. PI.
22 S. SCABE'RRIMA (Blum, bijdr. p. 946.) stem herbaceous,
branched, climbing ; branches quadrangular, having the angles
beset with retrograde down; leaves oval-lanceolate, rough above,
and on the veins beneath ; stipulas pubescent, furnished with
bristles, which are a little longer than the sheath ; stamens ex-
serted ; fruit glabrous, crowned by the 4 lobes of the calyx. —
Native of Java, in humid places about Buitenzorg. Habit of S.
tenuior.
Very-scabrous Button-weed. PI. climbing.
23 S. HI'SPIDA (Lin. mant. p. 558.) plant herbaceous, erect,
hoary ; stem tetragonal, hispid ; leaves obovate, a little mucro-
nate, hispid on both surfaces, and on the margins ; bristles of
stipulas length or longer than the sheath ; flowers 1-3-together,
axillary, sessile, opposite or somewhat verticillate ; stamens
length of corolla ; capsule ellipsoid, hairy, crowned by the 4
teeth of the calyx. 0. S. Native of the East Indies. — Murr.
comm. goett. 3. p. 77. t. 5. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p.
355. S. rigida, Salisb. prod. p. 60. — Burm. zeyl. t. 20. f. 3.
Corollas turbinate, violaceous. Stamens purplish.
Hispid Button-weed. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1781. PI. 1| foot.
24 S. SCA'BRA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 572.) stem herbaceous, dif-
fuse, terete, or slightly tetragonal, scabrous from pili ; leaves
obovate, obtuse or acute, undulated, scabrous on both surfaces,
and on the margins ; bristles of stipulas rather longer than the
sheath, which is downy ; flowers few, axillary, verticillate ; sta-
mens exserted ; capsule ovate, rather hairy, crowned by the 4
lanceolate teeth of the calyx. Q. F. Native of Coromandel,
ex Roxb. ; of Malabar, ex Rheed. mal. 9. t. 76. ; and of the
Island of Timor. Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 377. S. hirta, Rottl. in
nov. act. nat. cur. berl. 1S03. p. 95. Flowers small, purple.
Rough Button-weed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. diffuse.
25 S. ARTICULA'RIS (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 119. exclusive of the
synonymes,) plant herbaceous, diffuse ; stems tetragonal, pilose
above at the angles ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, hardly acute,
clothed with rough pubescence on both surfaces, and on the mar-
gins ; bristles of stipulas longer than the sheath, which is downy;
flowers 2-4, axillary, sessile ; capsule oval, downy, crowned by
the 4 teeth of the calyx. Q. F. Native in sandy places on the
shores of Coromandel. Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 378. Allied to S.
hispida. Stem reddish. Flowers white. Branches procum-
bent.
JbinW-branched Button-weed. PI. procumbent.
26 S. BRUNONIS (Wall. cat. no. 822.) stems herbaceous,
erect, tetragonal, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, acute, sessile, gla-
brous, with serrulated scabrous edges ; stipulas bifid and trifid,
or multifid ; heads of flowers terminal, rarely axillary : the for-
mer involucrated by 2 long leaves, and sometimes also 2 small
ones. 1£. S. Native of Kamaon. Flowers white. Perhaps
a species of Borreria.
Brown's Button-weed. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
27 S. LONGICAU'LIS (R. Br. in Wall. cat. no. 826.) plant sca-
brous ; stem elongated, tetragonal, with scabrous angles ; leaves
oblong and obovate-oblong, opposite, and falsely verticillate,
scabrous ; bristles of stipulas longer than the sheath ; flowers
axillary, few, verticillate. If. . S. Native of the Burmese Em-
pire, at Prome ; and of Singapore.
Long-stemmed Button-weed. PI. 2 to 3 feet, diffuse.
28 S. AVA'NA (R. Br. in Wall. cat. no. 828.) stems tetra-
gonal, scabrous on the angles ; leaves elliptic or obovate-elliptic,
acute, attenuated at the base, rather scabrous, serrulated on the
margins ; bristles of stipulas longer than the sheath ; flowers
axillary, sessile, somewhat verticillate. I/ . S. Native of the
Burmese Empire, at Ava. Very nearly allied to the preceding.
Ava Button-weed. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
29 S. TE'NERA (R. Br. in Wall. cat. no. 833.) plant glabrous,
diffuse ; leaves lanceolate, tapering to botli ends, petiolate,
smooth ; flowers axillary, verticillate ; bristles of stipulas longer
than the sheath. Q. F. Native of the East Indies. S. ocy-
moides, Heyne, but not of Burm.
Pliant Button-weed. PI. diffuse.
30 S. COMPRE'SSA (Wall. cat. no. 6187.) plant diffuse, densely
clothed in every part with woolly scabrous hairs ; leaves ovate
or oblong, acute ; stipulas bristly ; heads of flowers axillary
and terminal, verticillate ; fruit compressed, crowned by the
teeth of the calyx. I/ . S. Native of Silhet, in the East Indies.
Compressed-fruited Button-weed. PI. procumbent.
f Species not sufficiently known.
* Species natives of Asia.
31 S. FLExu6sA (Lour. coch. p. 79.) stem shrubby, flexuous,
nearly terete, procumbent ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, obliquely-
nerved, thick ; stipulas bristly ; whorles of flowers globose ;
capsule of 2 2-horned nuts, f? . G. Native of Cochin-china,
in hedges and among bushes. Corollas white, with revohite
segments.
Flexuous Button-weed. Shrub procumbent.
32 S. ? HEDYOTI'DEA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 555.) stem tetragonal,
glabrous ; leaves lanceolate ; stipulas rhomboid ; thyrse brachi-
ate ; bracteas subulate ; corolla tomentose inside ; anthers
linear ; stigma capitate ; capsule ovate, crowned by the 4-toothed
calyx; cells 1 -seeded. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies.
Hedyotis fruticosa, Retz, obs. 2. p. 8. and probably also of Lin.
If the cells of the fruit are truly 1-seeded, it is a true Spermacoce.
All the synonymes cited by authors for this plant are very
doubtful.
Hedyotis-like Button- weed. PI.
33 S. PROCU'MBENS (Lin. syst. veg. p. 124.) stems herbaceous,
procumbent, angular; leaves linear ; corymbs lateral, opposite,
pedunculate, surrounded by many-leaved involucra ; stamens
exserted. — Native of the East Indies. S. corymb6sa, Lin. spec.
p. 149. but not of others. Stamens longer than the corolla.
Procumbent Button-weed. PI. procumbent.
34 S. ? SEMIERE'CTA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 377.) stems tetra-
gonal, ascending, bent in various ways, with rather hispid angles ;
branches brachiate, alternately smaller ; leaves ovate, acumi-
nated, on short petioles, scabrous ; stipulas of many bristles ;
whorles of flowers small, compact ; genitals inclosed ; capsule
turbinate, pilose. — Flowers small, white. Native of Sumatra. S.
Roxburghiana, Wall. cat. no. 6186. Fruit not sufficiently known.
Half-erect Button-weed. PI. | foot.
35 S. ? COSTA' TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 376.) plant diffuse, very
villous ; leaves broad-lanceolate or oblong, nerved ; stipulas
622
RUBIACEjE. CLXXXVI. SPEKMACOCE.
usually furnished with 3 bristles ; flowers axillary, disposed in
small proliferous crowded umbels ; stamens protruding beyond
the corolline tube. <f . S. Native of the Moluccas. Perhaps
the same as S. cristata, Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p.
530. ? Flowers pale, pink.
Ribbed-leaved Button-weed. PI. diffuse.
36 S. ? NA'NA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 375.) stem erect, simple,
nearly terete, smooth ; leaves petiolate, lanceolate, smooth ;
flowers axillary or terminal, sessile, crowded. — Native of the
Island of Hominoa. Plant hardly half a foot high.
Dwarf Button- weed. PI. J- foot.
37 S. ? LINEA'TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 375. but not of Blume,)
plant erect, branched, pilose ; leaves on short petioles, lanceo-
late-linear, acuminated, lined ; stipulas triangular, furnished
with bristles ; peduncles axillary, trichotomous ; flowers capi-
tate ; stamens exserted. — Native of the Moluccas. The rest
unknown.
Lined-leaved Button-weed. PL 1 foot.
38 S. ? PHILIPPE'NSIS (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 401.) stem erect,
and is as well as the leaves rough ; stipulas toothed ; stamens ex-
serted ; fruit glabrous. — Native of the Philippines. The rest
unknown.
Philippine Button-weed. PL 1 foot ?
# *
Species natives of the West India Islands,
39 S. UE'VIS (Lam. ill. no. 1435. Poir. diet. 7. p. 313. but
not of Roxb.) glabrous ; stem erect, nearly terete, with opposite
spreading branches ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, on short peti-
oles ; flowers sessile, somewhat verticillate ; capsules smooth, ob-
tuse.— Native of St. Domingo, where it was collected by Martin.
Sloane, hist. 1 . p. 94. f. 2. Said to be nearly allied to S. tenuior.
Flowers numerous.
Smooth Button-weed. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PL 1 foot.
40 S. ? STELLA'TA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 530.) flowers
terminal, capitate ; leaves linear, verticillate.- — Native of St.
Domingo, where it was collected by Poiteau. The rest un-
known.
Stellate-leaved Button-weed. PL 1 foot ?
41 S. ? ROTA'TA (Poit. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 275.)
glabrous ; stems diffuse, ascending, quadrangular ; leaves ovate,
mucronate ; bristles of stipulas few, naked, short ; flowers in
capitate whorles ; teeth of calyx villous. — Native of St. Do-
mingo, where it was collected by Martin. Poir. diet. 7. p. 312.
Whorles of flowers the size of a pea.
Rotate Button-weed. PI. diffuse.
42 S. ? REMbiA (Lam. ill. 1. no. 1436.) stems straight, rather
tetragonal, and downy; leaves linear- lanceolate, very rough,
canescent beneath, snorter than the internodes ; whorles of
flowers dense, distant ; capsules obtuse, villous — Native of St.
Domingo, where it was collected by Martin. Poir. diet. 7. p.
312. Leaves more than an inch long.
.ReTwote-whorled Button-weed. PL 1 foot?
43 S. ? OCYMIFOLIA (Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p.
530.) branchlets and under sides of leaves downy; bristles of
stipulas longer than the whorles of flowers ; stamens inclosed. —
Native of the West Indies. S. decidua, Bosc. The rest un-
known.
Basil-leaved Button-weed. PL 1 foot.
44 S. ? OBSCU'RA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 556.) glabrous ; stem her-
baceous, tetragonal ; leaves ovate-oblong, attenuated at both
ends, lined ; stipulas connate, ciliated with bristles ; whorles of
flowers globose ; corollas villous inside ; stamens exserted. —
Native of Cuba and Hispaniola. S. capitellata, Spreng. neu.
entd. 3. p. 46. exclusive of the synonymes. Fruit unknown.
Obscure Button-weed. PL 1 foot. ?
* * * Species natives of Brazil.
45 S. ? STRIGOSA (Thunb. et Otto, pi. bras. no. 23. ex flora,
1821. p. 602. but not of Sims,) stem branched, pilose; leaves
ovate, hairy ; flowers verticillate. — Native of Brazil.
Strigose Button-weed. PL 1 foot.
46 S. ? EI.LI'PTICA (Thunb. et Otto, pi. bras. no. 22. ex flora,
1821. p. 602.) stem simple, glabrous; leaves elliptic, glabrous ;
flowers axillary. — Native of Brazil.
Elliptic-leaved Button-weed. PL 1 foot.
47 S. 1 CEPHALOTES (Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p.
531.) stem herbaceous, scabrous, branched ; leaves lanceolate,
acuminated, tapering to the base, veiny ; heads of flowers ter-
minal, involucrated, hairy ; stamens exserted. — Native of Brazil.
Leaves quite glabrous, ex Spreng. neu. entd. 2. p. 144. but
rough, ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 402. Fruit unknown.
Headed Button-weed. PL 1 foot ?
48 S. ASSU'KOENS (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 60. t. 92.) stem
ascending, branched, tetragonal, having the angles rough ; leaves
lanceolate, lined, with rough margins ; stipulas sheathing, ciliat-
ed ; whorles of flowers axillary, small, sessile and terminal : the
latter about equal in size to the axillary ones, and girded by a
2-leaved involucrum. I/ . S. Native of Peru, about Lima and
Huanaco, in waste places, ex Ruiz et Pav. ; and of Brazil, on the
road to Felisbert, ex Nees et Mart. nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 11.
Stem purplish. Leaves ovate, lanceolate. Calyx purplish.
Corollas white or reddish. Said to be allied to S. Portoricensis.
— Compare Feuill. per. 3. p. 23. t. 40.
Assurgent Button-weed. PL 1 to 1-J foot.
* * **
Species natives of Peru, Bogota, and Chili.
49 S. ? INCONSPI'CDA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 557.) plant suffrutescent ; branches ascending, somewhat
hexagonal, glabrous at bottom, but clothed with powdery down
at top ; leaves linear-oblong, acuminated at both ends, glabrous,
with scabrous edges ; bristles of stipulas longer than the sheath ;
heads of flowers terminal, girded by 4-leaved involucra ; teeth
of calyx 4, nearly equal, acuminated. Ij . S. Native of Peru,
on the mountains. Branches truly tetragonal, but 2 of the sides
are very narrow, and the other 2 are broader, convex, and
almost keeled in the centre of the convex part ; therefore they
are said to be somewhat hexagonal. The habit is that of Bor-
reria, but the fruit is unknown.
Inconspicuous Button-weed. Shrub ascending.
50 S. ? ORA'CILIS (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 61. t. 92. f. a.)
plant herbaceous, glabrous ; stem erect, tetragonal, slender
branched ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, with scabrous margins ;
stipulas sheathing, ciliated by bristles ; whorles of flowers axil-
lary and terminal, small, sessile ; fruit hispid. 0. H. Native
of Peru, on the mountains. Flowers white. It is probably a
species of Borreria from the fruit being crowned by the 4 teeth
of the calyx ; but the habit is almost that of S. tenuior.
Slender-branched Button-wood. PL -| foot.
51 S.I OLDENLA'NDLE (D. C. prod. 4. p. 557.) plant gla-
brous ; stem herbaceous, much branched, creeping, filiform ;
branches opposite ; leaves ovate, on very short petioles, shining ;
peduncles 1-flowered, solitary; fruit hispid. — Native of Chili,
in humid places and about springs. Oldenlandia uniflora, Ruiz
et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 57. but not of Lin. Perhaps a true species
of Spermacbce from the cells of fruit being 1 -seeded.
Oldenlandia- like Button-weed. PL creeping.
52 S. ? HUMIFU'SA (Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p.
530. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 349.) stem suffru-
ticose, procumbent, tetragonal, glabrous, with ciliately-serrulated
margins ; stipulas downy, ciliated by bristles ; heads of flowers
lateral and axillary, pedunculate ; limb of calyx tetragonally-
RUBIACEyE. CLXXXVI. SPERMACOCE. CLXXXVII. HEXASEPALUM.
623
urceolate, sinuately-quadrifid. fj . S. Native near Santa Fe
de Bogota. Corolla, genitals, and fruit unknown.
Trailing Button-weed. Shrub procumbent.
53 S. ? ERIOCLADA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 557.) plant suffruticose,
ascending ; branches rather angular, clothed with hairy tomen-
tum ; leaves oblong, acuminated, very scabrous on both surfaces,
almost veinless, with serrately scabrous edges, and sometimes
mucronate at the apex ; bristles of stipulas glabrous, length of
sheath, which is villous ; heads of flowers terminal, girded by 4
leaves ; teeth of calyx 4, equal ; stamens exserted. Ij . S. Na-
tive of Peru. S. scaberrima, Bartl. in herb. Hsenke, but not of
Blume. Fruit unknown, and therefore the genus is doubtful.
The habit is that of Borreria.
Var. |3, linearifolia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 557.) leaves linear, dis-
tinctly mucronate. Jj . S. Native of Peru.
Woolly-branched Button-weed. Shrub ascending.
** * * *
Species natives of Guiana.
54 S.? SEXANGULA'RIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 61. t. 22. f. 8.)
plant glabrous, prostrate ; stem flexuous, prostrate, hexagonal :
leaves ovate, acute, petiolate ; heads of flowers terminal ; anthers
in the throat. — Native of Guiana, on the banks of rivers. S.
hexagona, Willd. spec. 1. p. 569. Flowers small, blue. Perhaps
a species of Borreria nearly allied to B. alata.
Six-angled-stemmed Button-weed. PI. prostrate.
55 S. ? PROSTRA'TA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 58. t. 20. f. 3.) gla-
brous ; stem herbaceous, prostrate, oppositely branched, tetra-
gonal ; leaves almost sessile, elliptic, acute, smooth ; flowers
verticillate. — Native of Guiana, on the banks of rivers. Flowers
small. Leaves pale green.
Prostrate Button-weed. PI. prostrate.
56 S. ? RADI'CANS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 58. t. 20. f. 4.) gla-
brous ; stem herbaceous, alternately branched, prostrate, radi-
cant ; leaves almost sessile, lanceolate, acute ; flowers verticil-
late. TJ. . 8. Native of Guiana, on the banks of the river
Orapu. The rest unknown.
Rooting Button-weed. Fl. July. Clt. 1803. PI. creeping.
57 S. ? CCERULE'SCENS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 57. t. 19. f. 2.)
stem simple, straight, tetragonal ; leaves ovate, acute, rather
hairy, smooth ; bristles of stipulas about equal in length to the
flowers ; flowers verticillate ; stamens exserted. — Native of
Guiana and Cayenne, on the edges of fields. Vahl. eclog. 1. p.
9. Corollas blue. Fruit unknown.
Bluish-fiovfered Button-weed. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
58 S. LATIFOLIA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 56. t. 19. f. 1.) glabrous;
stem, erect, herbaceous, tetragonal ; leaves ovate, acuminated,
petiolate, rough ; bristles of stipulas hispid, a little longer than
the sheath ; flowers axillary, verticillate ; limb of calyx 4-tooth-
ed, rather villous, as well as the capsules, which are ovate. —
Native of Guiana and Cayenne by way sides. Lam. ill. t. 62.
f. 2. Probably a species of Borreria or Mitracarpum. Flowers
white.
Broad-leaved Button-weed. Fl. July. Clt. 1803. PI. 2 to
3 feet.
* Species natives of Mexico.
59 S. POLYCE'PHALA (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 558.) stem herbaceous, erect, branched, quadrangular, vil-
lous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, pilose on both sur-
faces, lined with veins beneath ; bristles of stipulas longer than
the sheath, hairy ; heads of flowers terminal, nearly globose,
girded by 4-leaved involucra ; teeth of calyx subulate, nearly
equal ; stamens exserted. — Native of Mexico. Perhaps a species
of Borreria.
Many-headed Button-weed. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
60 S. ? ECHIOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
344.) stem herbaceous, tetragonal, erect, hispid ; leaves lanceo-
late, acuminated, petiolate, hispid on both surfaces ; stipulas his-
pid, ciliated by bristles ; whorles of flowers nearly globose, axil-
lary and terminal. "$. . S. Native of Mexico, near Campeche.
There is a variety of this with glabrous stems, and narrower less
hispid leaves.
Buglos-like Button-weed. PI.
61 S.? DivEUsiEOLiA(H.B.et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 341.)
plant herbaceous, erect, with tetragonal branches, which are sca-
brous from retrograde bristles ; leaves linear, with remotely sca-
brously serrulated margins : the lower ones minute and oblong-
elliptic ; stipulas smoothish, fringed by bristles ; heads of flowers
terminal; calyx 2-4-toothed ; capsules hispid. Q. F. Native of
Mexico. Knoxia simplex, Willd. in Roam, et Schultes, syst. 3.
p. 532. Perhaps a species of Borreria. Flowers white.
Diverse-leaved Button-weed. PI.
62 S. ? RECLINA'TA (Nees, hor. berl. p. 50.) plant glabrous,
ascending, herbaceous ; leaves lanceolate, acute, smooth, vein-
less ; stipulas downy, furnished with 5 bristles each ; heads ter-
minal, dense, hemispherical, supported by 2 leaves ; calyx and
fruit glabrous. 3£. S. Native of Mexico. Fruit unknown.
Reclinate Button-weed. PI. ascending.
*******
Species natives of North America.
63 S. ? LASIA'NTHA (Rafin. fl. lud. p. 76.) stem weak ;
branches diffuse ; leaves sessile, oblong, acute, nerved : nerves
scabrous ; flowers verticillate ; corolla woolly inside. — Native of
Louisiana.
Woolly-flowered Button-weed. PI. diffuse.
64 S. ? GLA'BRA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 82.) plant gla-
brous, procumbent ; leaves ovate-lanceolate ; whorles many-
flowered. O- H. Native of North America, on the banks of
the Ohio and Mississippi. Diddia glabra, Pers. ench. 1. p. 124.
Flowers white, longer than those of S. tenilior. Fruit un-
known.
Glabrous Button-weed. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. pro-
cumbent.
65 S.? INVOLUCRA'TA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 105.) plant
very hispid, herbaceous, erect ; stem alternately branched ;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, hairy on both surfaces ; sti-
pulas of many bristles ; heads terminal, involucrated ; tube of
corolla very long ; stamens exserted. — Native of Carolina.
Flowers white. Leaves rather broad. According to Sprengel
this is a variety of Crusea rubra. Fruit unknown.
Involucrated-fiowered Button-weed. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. See Borreria, p. 618. for culture and propagation.
CLXXXVII. HEX ASE'PALUM (from %, hex, six, and <r£7ra-
\ov, sepalon, an alteration of TreraXov, a sepal ; in reference to the
limb of the calyx being 6-parted, indicating its being composed
of six sepals). Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 561.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with an oblong
obpyramidal tube, and a 6-parted limb ; lobes narrow, nearly
equal, acute, permanent. Corolla campanulately funnel-shaped,
with an obconical tube, and 4 lanceolate acute lobes, which are
valvate in aestivation. Stamens 4, shorter than the lobes of the
corolla. Fruit oblong, dry, ribbed, divisible into 2 parts at the
dissepiments : the dissepiment being double, both the parts of the
fruit or nuts are closed, and 1-seeded. — A small ascending much
branched glabrous shrub, with diffuse flexuous compressed
branches. Leaves opposite, long-linear, acute, with the margins
hardly scabrous. Stipulas sheathing, furnished with many bris-
tles, which are equal in length to the sheath, intermixed with very
short ciliae. Flowers axillary, solitary, sessile, larger than in
any other genus belonging to the tribe Spermacdceae.
1 H. ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Bartl. 1. c.) T? . S. Native of Mexico,
624
RUBIACEJE. CLXXXVIII. DIODIA.
in Real del Monte, where it was collected by Haenke. Leaves
ly to 2 inches long, and a line broad. Corolla 6 lines long.
Ovarium 3 lines long.
Narrow-leaved Hexasepalum. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. See Borreria, p. 618. for culture and propagation.
CLXXXVIII. DIO'DIA (from SioSog, diodes, a passage ; the
greater part of the species grow by way sides, hence the name).
Lin. gen. no. 122. Gaertn. fruct. I. p. 121. t. 25. Meyer,
esseq. p. 81. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 3. p. 341. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 561. — Diodia and Spermacoce species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with an obovate
or ovate tube, which is usually 8-nerved ; limb dentately parted';
teeth sometimes 2, sometimes 4, equal or unequal, cruciately
disposed, rarely more than 4. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a 4-
lobed limb. Stamens 4, exserted or inclosed. Style bifid or
undivided. Fruit 2-celled, crowned by the calyx, divisible into
2 1 -seeded indehiscent parts or nuts. Seeds erect in the cells,
furrowed in the front. — Herbs or subshrubs, all natives of Ame-
rica except one species. Branches terete or tetragonal. Leaves
opposite, or falsely verticillate from axillary fascicles. Flowers
small, white, disposed in various ways in the different sections.
SECT. I. EUDIODIA (from eu, well, and Diodia; this section is
considered to contain the true species of the genus). D. C. prod.
4. p. 561. Capsules crustaceous or somewhat fleshy ; having
the mericarps or nuts separate, without any dissepiment between
them. — Flowers axillary, sessile, opposite ; or 2 or more on each
side verticillate.
* Calyx bidentate. — Diodia, Gron. Lin. Michx. Pursh.
1 D. VIRGI'NICA (Lin. spec. 151.) glabrous in every part;
stems procumbent, nearly terete ; leaves lanceolate ; lobes of
stipulas linear-subulate ; corollas rather hairy inside ; fruit ovate-
oblong, glabrous, crowned by the 2 lanceolate lobes of the calyx.
2£ . F. Native from Virginia to Carolina, in humid sandy places.
Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 29. Lam. ill. t. 63. Pursh, fl. sept. amer.
1. p. 105. Stems reddish, smooth. Flowers white.
Virginian Diodia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PL proc.
2 D. TETRAGONA (Walt, fl. virg. p. 87. Ell. sketch. 1. p. 190.)
stems procumbent, rather angular, smoothish ; leaves ovate-cor-
date ; lobes of stipulas linear-subulate ; corollas hairy inside ;
fruit rather hairy, crowned by the 2 lobes of the calyx. If. . F.
Native of Carolina, frequent in humid places. D. Virginica,
Michx. fl. 1. p. 81. ex Ell. Flowers white.
ZeJragonfl^-stemmed Diodia. PI. procumbent.
3 D. HIRSU'TA (Pursli, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 106.) plant very
hairy ; stems procumbent, tetragonal ; leaves linear-lanceolate ;
lobes of stipulas setaceous ; corolla densely bearded inside ; fruit
ovate, hairy, crowned by the 2 linear-subulate lobes of the calyx.
I/ . F. Native of Georgia, Louisiana, and Carolina, in sandy
fields. Ell. sketch. 1. p. 191. D. hispida, Muhl, cat. ex Ell.
D. oblonga, Rafin. fl. hid. p. 80. ? Flowers white. Stem much
branched.
Hairy Diodia. PI. procumbent.
4 D. SI'MPLEX (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 226.) stems herba-
ceous, erectish, smooth, simple ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, gla-
brous ; lobes of stipulas linear-subulate ; fruit ovate-oblong ;
limb of calyx bidentate : teeth linear. TJ. . ? F. Native of Ja-
maica, on the higher mountains. Leaves ciliated on the margins
while young. Flowers sessile, solitary, axillary, white.
Simple-stemmeA Diodia. PI. 1 to 1| foot.
5 D. VERTICILLA'TA (Vahl, symb. 2. p. 28.) glabrous; stem
herbaceous, simple, erect, smooth ; leaves lanceolate, attenuated
at both ends, with scabrous margins ; stipulas ciliated ; flowers
verticillate ; fruit linear, crowned by the 2 calycine teeth. —
Native of the Island of Santa Cruz. The leaves are said to be
in whorles within the stipulas, hence they are probably in axillary
fascicles. Flowers white, in axillary and terminal whorles : the
latter the largest. It is probably a species of Borreria from the
terminal whorl of flowers being larger than the axillary ones.
Whorled-fio\\ereA Diodia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. PI.
1 foot.
6 D. VILLOSA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C.
prod. 4. p. 562.) stem herbaceous, declinate, tetragonal, villous ;
leaves lanceolate, acuminated, scabrous above and on the mar-
gins, hairy beneath, and obliquely nerved ; bristles of stipulas
scabrous, longer than the sheath ; whorles axillary, sessile, 1 0-
1 2-flowered ; fruit ovate, easily separated into 2 parts, crowned
by the 2 teeth of the calyx. — Native of New Spain. Sperma-
coce declinata, Pavon, ined. Habit of Spermacoce teniiior, but
the fruit is composed of 2 indehiscent nuts, each crowned by one
calycine tooth.
Villous Diodia. PI. declinate.
* * Calyx 4-toothed.
7 D. TE'RES (Walt. car. p. 87.) stem terete, velvety, procum-
bent ; leaves linear-lanceolate, clothed with velvety down ; lobes
of stipulas setaceous, longer than the fruit; corolla bearded in-'
side ; fruit ovate, downy, crowned by the 4 lanceolate calycine
lobes. O- H. Spermacoce diodina, Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p.
82. Torr. fl. un. st. 1. p. 170. Leaves with scabrous edges and
keel. Flowers white, solitary, sessile.
Terete-stemmed Diodia. PI. procumbent.
8 D. HYSSOPIFOLIA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 342.)
plant suffruticose, branched ; branches nearly terete, hairy ;
leaves linear, acute, glabrous, glaucescent ; bristles of stipulas
equal in length to the fruit ; whorles usually 6-flowered ; fruit
obovately turbinate, downy. T; . S. Native on the banks of
the Orinoco, near San Borja in hot places. Spermacoce hyssopi-
f61ia, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 342. Willd. in
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 532. Said to be allied to D.
teres. Flowers white.
Hyssop-leaved Diodia. Shrub.
9 D. PROSTRAVTA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 228.) stem suf-
fruticose, subdivided ; branches prostrate, tetragonal, filiform,
rather hairy at the apex ; leaves linear, rather hairy, with revo-
lute edges; lobes of stipulas setaceous, intermixed with pili,
which rise from the sheath ; fruit ovate, downy, crowned by the
4 short lobes of the calyx. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica. D.
procumbens, Swartz in herb. L'Her. D. prostrata, Spreng. ex-
clusive of the species from Hispaniola. Flowers white.
Far. ft, longiseta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 562.) bristles of stipulas
longer than the sheath ; branches hispid. T? • S. Native of
Mexico. D. prostrata, Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. 1. c.
Prostrate Diodia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Sh. prostrate.
10 D. DOMINGE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 563.) glabrous;
branches and stems procumbent, tetragonal, filiform ; leaves
linear, with revolute margins ; bristles of stipulas stiff. — Native
of St. Domingo, where it was collected by Bertero. Di6dia
prostrata, ex Hispaniola, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 406. Flowers and
fruit unknown, and therefore the genus to which it belongs is
doubtful. Nearly allied to D. prostrata.
St. Domingo Diodia. Shrub procumbent.
11 D. SCA'NDENS (Swartz, fl. ind. 1. p. 230.) stem suffruti-
cose, climbing ; branches very long, tetragonal, smoothish ;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, scabrous, at length rather muricated
above ; bristles of stipulas stifHsh ; fruit ovate-oblong, crowned
by the 4 lanceolate calycine teeth. Tj . S. Native of St. Do-
mingo. Leaves muricated above, almost as in boragineous
plants. Flowers white, sessile, 4-6-together, axillary.
Climbing Diodia. Shrub cl. 8 to 10 feet.
RUBIACE.E. CLXXXVIII. DIODIA.
625
12 D. sARMENi6sA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 231.) stem
climbing, suff'ruticulose, tetragonal, villous, particularly on the
angles -r leaves oval-oblong, acute, scabrous from muricae, ru-
gosely nerved in the adult state ; bristles of stipulas stiffish ;
fruit oval, rather tetragonal, crowned by the 4 lanceolate teeth
of the calyx. ^ • S. Native of Jamaica, Porto-Rico, St.
Thomas, &c. Spermacoce radula, Spreng. neu. entd. 2. p. 1 44.
Schultes, mant. 3. p. 207. but not of Willd. — Diodia sarmen-
tosa e Guadalupa, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 405. is a species of Bor-
reria. Flowers solitary, axillary, white. Corolla with a tetra-
gonal tube.
Twiggy Diodia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1821. Shrub cl.
13 D. LA.TIFLORA. (D. C. prod. 4. p. 563.) stems suffruti-
cose ; branches nearly terete, clothed with velvety down ; leaves
lanceolate, acutely awned, rather downy above, and scabrous be-
neath from hispid down ; bristles of stipulas numerous, long ;
corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, with a broad glabrous
throat, and acute rather ciliated lobes ; fruit obovate-globose,
crowned by the 4 linear teeth of the calyx. Tj . S. Native of
St. Domingo. Spermacoce barbata, Spreng. in herb. Balb. but
not of Lam. D. scandens, Vahl, herb, ex Puer. Very nearly
allied to D. scandens, and probably only a variety of it. Corolla
5 lines long, obconical, white.
Broad-flowered Diodia. Shrub cl.
14 D. GRANDIFLORA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 563.) stems twiggy,
flexuous, sparingly branched, tetragonal, glabrous, hardly pilose
at top ; leaves linear, cuspidate, glabrous on both, surfaces, with
serrulately scabrous margins, ciliated at the base ; bristles of sti-
pulas equal in length to the fruit ; flowers axillary, sessile, op-
posite ; corolla glabrous ; fruit obovate-globose, rather hairy,
crowned by the 4 lanceolate, acuminated, unequal calycine teeth.
\i . S. Native of St. Domingo, where it was collected by Bertero.
Spermacoce grandiflora, Spreng. neu. entd. 3. p. 45. syst. 1. p.
400. Flowers white. Nuts of fruit truly indehiscent. Allied
to D. scandens and D. latiflora.
G real-flowered Diodia. Shrub.
15 D. CONFE'RTA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 563.) stem ascending ;
branches hairy, almost tetragonal ; leaves ovate, acuminated, termi-
nated by a long hair each, sessile, with serrulately scabrous edges,
hairy beneath ; bristles of stipulas numerous, stiff, longer than the
sheath, fj . S. Native of Brazil, where it was collected by Schott.
Spermacoce conferta, Schott. ex Pohl, in litt. Fruit not seen, but
from its analogy with D. polyseta it has been placed in this genus.
Crowded-flowered Diodia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
16 D. SETI'GERA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 563.) stem ascending,
suffruticose at the base, somewhat tetragonal, hairy ; leaves ses-
sile, ovate-lanceolate, subcordate at the base, and terminating in
a bristle at the apex, ciliated on the nerve and margins : the
cilise largest towards the base ; bristles of stipulas longer than
the sheath, which is smoothish ; fruit nearly globose, ribbed,
glabrous, crowned by the 4 teeth of the calyx. fy . S. Native
of Brazil, about Bahia, in arid places, where it was collected by
Salzmann. Corolla blue, with acuminated lobes.
Bristle-bearing Diodia. Shrub ascending.
17 D.? BARBARA (D. C. 1. c.) plant procumbent, scabrous;
branches tetragonal, downy ; leaves lanceolate, villous ; bristles
of stipulas long ; flowers few, axillary. — Native of St. Domingo.
Spermacoce barbata, Lam. ill. no. 1437. Poir. diet. 7. p. S14.
Allied to D. longiflora" and D. longiseta, but the fruit is un-
known. The flowers are said to be small. Leaves hardly an
inch long : superior ones disposed in fascicles.
Bearded Diodia. PL procumbent.
18 D. POLYSE'TA (D. C. 1. c.) branches or stems simple,
twiggy, rather tetragonal, hispid from long spreading stiff hairs ;
leaves lanceolate, acute, hispid from long spreading pili ; bristles
of stipulas numerous, long, stiffish ; fruit 2-3-together, axillary,
VOL. III.
roundish, crowned by the 4 small teeth of the calyx. fj . S.
Native of Porto-Rico.
Many-bristled Diodia. Shrub.
19 D. MARI'TIMA (Schum. pi. guin. p. 75.) stems prostrate,
tetragonal, with furrowed sides, and scabrous angles ; leaves
oval or oblong, having the margins scabrous from serrulations,
rather downy or hairy on both surfaces ; bristles of sti-
pulas stiffish ; fruit oval-oblong, crowned by the 4 lanceolate
teeth of the calyx. I/ . S. Native of Guinea, along the coast
in the sand. Flowers white.
Far. ft, commutata (D. C. prod. 4. p. 564.) leaves glabrous
on both surfaces. 1£ . S. Native of Porto-Rico, in the sand
by the sea side, where it was collected by Bertero and Wydler.
Spermacoce commutata, Schultes, mant. 3. p. 208. There are
varieties of this plant with either elongated or tufted branches, and
having the axils of the leaves naked, or bearing fascicles of leaves
or branches, and with the leaves flat, or nervosely furrowed.
Far. serrulata (D. C. prod. 4. p. 564.) stem erectish ; mar-
gins of leaves evidently serrulated. "If.. H. Native of equi-
noxial Africa, in the kingdom of Waree. Spermacoce serrulata,
Beauv. fl. d'ow. 1. p. 39. t. 23. Nerves of leaves reddish.
Flowers axillary, sessile, verticillate.
Sea-side Diodia. PI. prostrate.
20 D. RI'GIDA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 341.)
stem suffruticose, creeping, quadrangular, hairy ; leaves lanceo-
late, piliferous at the apex, stiff, with serrulated margins, hairy
beneath ; stipulas hairy, ciliated at the apex ; fruit obovate, gla-
brous, crowned by the 4 linear-subulate teeth of the calyx, f? .
S. Native of the Spanish Main, near Caraccas ; of St. Domingo ;
Brazil, in the province of Para, and of the Society Islands.
Spermacoce rigicla, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 342.
Sperm, apiculata and Sperm, rigida, Willd. in Schultes, syst. 3.
p. 531. Sperm, setosa, Willd. herb, but not of Schultes. Flowers
white.
Stiff Diodia. Shrub creeping.
21 D. ARTICULA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 564.) glabrous; stem
shrubby, terete, nodose ; leaves linear, acute at both ends, with
rather revolute edges, also smooth on the margin and mid-rib ;
bristles of stipulas stiff, shorter than the sheath ; whorles 6-8-
flowered ; fruit obovate-oblong, crowned by the 4 calycine teeth.
1? . S. Native of Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl. Sper-
macoce articulata, Pohl, in litt. Leaves in axillary fascicles, hence
they appear in whorles, very like those of Uippuris.
Jointed-stemmed Diodia. Shrub.
22 D. ROSMARINIFOLIA (Pohl, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
564.) stem herbaceous, erect, simple, terete, hairy; leaves linear,
ending in a long hair each, with rather revolute edges, glabrous,
but scabrous from serrulations on the margins and nerve below ;
bristles of stipulas very long ; fruit oval, crowned by the 4
calycine teeth. Q. F. Native of Brazil, where it was collected
by Pohl. This is a very distinct species, having the ciliae of the
stipulas half an inch long, about half the length of the leaves.
Rosemary-leaved Diodia. PL -J to 1 foot ?
23 D. ARENO'SA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 564.) stem decumbent,
branched, tetragonal, rather scabrous above ; leaves lanceolate-
linear, sessile, acuminated, with revolute edges, rather scabrous
on both surfaces ; bristles or ciliae of stipulas longer than the
sheath; whorles 8-10-flowered ; fruit obovate-globose, scabrous
from down, crowned by the 4 calycine teeth. Tj . TJ. . S. Native
of Brazil. Spermacc.ee arenosa, Pohl, in litt. Nuts of fruit in-
dehiscent. If Spermacoce ciliaris, Pav. in herb. Moric, be the
same it is also a native of New Spain.
Sand Diodia. PL decumbent.
24 D. MULT*LO'RA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 564.) stem and
branches long and twiggy, compressedly tetragonal, hairy ; leaves
lanceolate, sessile, acute, lined, beset with stiff villi on both sur-
4L
G26
RUBIACE,E. CLXXXVIII. DIODIA. CLXXXIX. TRIODON.
faces ; bristles of stipulas longer than the sheath, reflexed under
the heads of flowers ; whorles 1 5-20-flowered, nearly in all the
axils ; fruit obovate, rather downy, crowned by the 4 calycine
teeth. — Native of Brazil. Fruit easily separated into 2 parts ;
the parts or nuts closed.
Many-flowered Diodia. PI.
2.5 D. MURICUIA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 564.) stem ascending ;
branches tetragonal, hairy ; leaves sessile, ovate, cuspidate, re-
flexed below the whorles of flowers, beset with strigae above,
and villi on the nerves beneath ; bristles of stipulas longer than
the sheath ; fruit nearly globose, downy, crowned by the 4 caly-
cine teeth. If. . \i . S. Native of Brazil, about Bahia, in dry
places. Allied to D. mitUiflora.
Muriculated Diodia. PI. ascending.
26 D. DI'SCOLOR (D. C. 1. c.) stem suffruticose, downy, rather
ascending, tetragonal ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated at both
ends, glabrous, rough, canescent beneath ; bristles of stipulas 7-
11, ciliated ; fruit hairy, brittle, crowned by the 4-5 hispid teeth
of the calyx. Tj . S. Native of Surinam. Spermacoce dis-
color, E. Meyer, nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 786. Flowers white.
Allied to D. radula, but distinct, ex Cham, et Schlecht. in Lin-
naea. 3. p. 342.
Discoloured-lemed Diodia. Shrub 1 to \\ foot.
27 D. HISPI'DULA (A. Rich, in herb. mus. Par. ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 565.) stem erect, tetragonal, glabrous ; leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, acute, glabrous ; bristles of stipulas 7, stiff, straight,
longer than the sheath ; spikes many, interrupted, at the tops
of the branches, with hardly any leaves ; flowers 2-4 in a kind
of whorl, sessile at the stipulas ; tube of calyx scabrous from
bristles ; lobes of calyx 4, 2 of them longer than the other 2 ; nuts
or mericarps rather membranous, closed, one of which bears 3 of
the calycine lobes, and the other only one. — Native of Brazil.
Hispid Diodia. PI. 1 to 2 feet ?
28 D. RADI'CANS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 3. p. 350.)
stem radicant, oppositely branched, tetragonal, glabrous ; leaves
lanceolate, acute, obliquely nerved, smoothish, pale beneath ;
fruit ovate, sessile, crowned by the 4 lanceolate lobes of
the calyx. fj . S. Native of St. Domingo, where it was col-
lected by Poiteau. Spermacoce radicans, Willd. herb, but not
of Aubl. Flowers large, axillary, solitary, white?
Rooting Diodia. Shrub creeping.
* * * Calyx 5-10-toothed.
29 D. RA'DULA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 342.)
stem herbaceous, weak, tetragonal, smoothish ; leaves ovate-
lanceolate, acute, lined, scabrous above, and downy on the
nerves beneath ; stipulas downy, ciliated ; whorles 6-10-flower-
ed ; calyx unequally 5-10-toothed, ciliated; fruit didymous.
1(.. S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Para and Rio Ja-
neiro. Spermacoce radula, Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3.
p. 531. This probably belongs to a different genus from the
calyx.
Rasp-\esned Diodia. PL 3 feet.
SECT. II. DASYCE'PHALA (from Saave, dasys, thick, and/ce^aXij,
keplmle, a head ; the flowers are disposed in dense thick heads).
D. C.- prod. 4. p. 565. Capsules membranous, having the
mericarps or nuts probably subdehiscent inside at length.
Flowers disposed in heads. — This is probably a section of the
genus Borreria, or a proper genus.
30 D. PALU'STRIS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 347.)
stem herbaceous, glabrous, erect, simple, tetragonal, with winged
scabrous angles; leaves elliptic, rather cuneated, obtuse, but
apiculated; bristles of stipulas 7-9, long ; head* of flowers axil-
lary, rather pedunculate ; limb of calyx 4-toothed. If. . S. Na-
tive of Brazil. Flowers white.
Marsh Diodia. PL 1 to 2 feet.
31 D. DASYCE'PHALA (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 348.) plant
glabrous, herbaceous, ascending, rather woody at the base ;
branches tetragonal ; leaves lanceolate, on short petioles, rather
glaucescent, with scabrous margins ; bristles of stipulas 5-7,
hardly longer than the sheath ; heads terminal, globose, girded
by 4 leaves ; calyx hairy, bidentate. I/ . S. Native of the south
of Brazil. Flowers white.
Thick-headed Diodia. PL \ to 1 foot.
32 D. ALAVTA (Nees et Mart. nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 11.) stem
erect, glabrous, dichotomous at the base, tetragonal ; angles
membranous, spinulose ; leaves ovate, cuspidate, glabrous, with
scabrous edges ; bristles of stipulas 7-8, long; whorles of flowers
terminal, naked, globose; fruit obovate, crowned by the 2 ob-
long-lanceolate teeth of the calyx. 0. S. Native of Brazil,
about the river Ilheos. Probably a species of Borreria.
Winged-stemmed Diodia. PL 1-j- foot.
33 D. BOGOTE'NSIS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 347.)
plant suffruticose ; branches quadrangular, scabrous ; leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, glabrous, serrulated on the margins, and on the
middle nerve beneath ; heads of flowers terminal, rarely nearly
axillary ; fruit glabrous, obovate, crowned by the 4 scabrous
teeth of the calyx, f? . S. Native near the town of Santa Fe
de Bogota. Spermacoce Bogotensis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 347. Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 530.
Corolla white, having the throat, and upper part of the tube
bearded.
Bogota Diodia. Shrub procumbent.
34 D. INDECO^RA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 565.) plant decumbent
or ascending, much branched, glabrous ; stem tetragonal, sca-
brous along the angles ; leaves oblong-linear, acuminated, gla-
brous, opposite, or falsely verticillate ; bristles of stipulas longer
than the sheath ; heads of flowers terminal, girded by 4 leaves ;
fruit oval-oblong, glabrous, crowned by the 4 teeth of the calyx.
• — -Native of Mexico, at the Cordillera de Cuchilagua, where it
was collected by Berlandier. Perhaps the immature fruit is
indehiscent. Perhaps a species of Borreria.
Indecorous Diodia. PL decumbent.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Borreria, p. 618.
CLXXXIX. TRrODON (from rptic, treis, three, and oS
oSovros, odous odontos, a tooth ; the axis remains after the nuts
of the fruit have fallen, and is tridentate at top). D. C. prod. 4.
p. 566. — Diodia species, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3.
p. 343.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with a turbinate
tube, and a 2-4-toothed limb, and sometimes with accessory
teeth. Corolla short, funnel-shaped, 4-cleft. Stigma bifid.
Capsule chartaceous, 2-celled, crowned by the calyx, containing 2
indehiscent 1-seeded nuts ; having the axis, along with the lateral
nerves, remaining after the nuts have fallen, and therefore the axis
appears tridentate. — Much branched glabrous shrubs, natives of
Brazil, with acutely tetragonal branches. Leaves opposite and
falsely verticillate, oblong or linear ; floral ones small. Flowers
axillary or terminal at the tops of the branches, small, disposed
in spikes or fascicles. It differs from Diodia in the axis of fruit
being permanent and tridentate ; and in habit.
1 T. ANTHOSPERMO!DES (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p.
343. under Diodia) shrubby, much branched, glabrous, downy
at top while young ; branches acutely tetragonal ; leaves sessile,
linear, acute, opposite, or falsely verticillate ; bristles of stipulas
longer than the sheath ; flowers usually by threes in the axils of
the upper leaves, and appear almost spicate from the upper leaves
being nearly abortive ; calyx hairy, with many teeth. ^ . S.
Native of Equinoctial Brazil.
dnthospermum-like Triodon. Shrub.
1
RUBIACE.E. CLXXXIX. TRIODON. CXC. CRUSEA. CXCI. RICHARDSONIA.
627
2 T. GLOMERA'TUS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 566.) shrubby, much
branched, glabrous ; branchlets acutely tetragonal ; leaves ob-
long-linear, opposite, and falsely verticillate ; bristles of stipulas
short ; flowers disposed in fascicles at the tops of the branches ;
teeth of calyx 4, on the top of the fruit, 2 large, and 2 nearly
obliterated. ^ . S. Native of Brazil. Diodia Brasiliensis,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 406. Rubia glomerata, Pohl, in litt. Nearly
allied to T. polymorpha, var. a, but differs in the bristles of the
stipulas being one-half shorter, in the branchlets being glabrous,
and in the flowers being in terminal fascicles.
Gfommzte-flowered Triodon. Shrub.
3 T. POLYMORPHA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 344.
under Diodia) shrubby, much branched, glabrous ; branches
tetragonal ; leaves petiolate, oblong-linear, opposite, and falsely
verticillate ; bristles of stipulas rather longer than the sheath ;
flowers axillary and terminal, few ; calyx bidentate, and some-
times with 2 accessory teeth. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Fruit
as in T. anthospermoides, to which it is very nearly allied.
Var. a, microphyllus (Cham, et Schlecht, 1. c.) tops of plant
downy ; leaves smaller and firmer ; calyx hairy, 4-toothed. Ij .
S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro, in dry,
exposed places.
Var. ft, intermedius (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c.) smoothish ;
leaves flat, softish ; calyx glabrous, 4-toothed. T? • S. Native
of the south of Brazil.
Var. y, macrophyllus (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c.) glabrous ; in-
ternodes elongated ; leaves flat, thinner and larger ; calyx gla-
brous, bidentate. fj . S. Native of the south of Brazil.
Polymorphous Triodon. Shrub \\ foot.
Cult. The species of Triodon will grow in any good, light
soil ; and cuttings of them will strike root readily in the same
kind of soil, under a hand-glass in heat.
CXC. CRU'SEA (in honour of G. Cruse, M.D., who has
written on the rubiaceous plants of the Cape of Good Hope).
Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 5. p. 165. D. C. prod. 4. p. 566.
but not of Rich.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a didymous,
ovate tube, and with the limb contracted at the base, and profoundly
cleft at the apex, but not parted ; lobes 4, linear-subulate, elon-
gated, hairy, and 4 small accessory ones between these. Corolla
salver-shaped, with a long tube, which is obconical at the apex ;
a naked throat, and a 4-lobed limb. Stamens exserted. Style
longer than the stamens, bifid at the apex. Fruit composed of
2 indehiscent, 1 -seeded nuts, which at length separate from the
axis, which is permanent, flat, membranous, and retaining the
calyx at its apex. — Herbs which are sometimes suffruticose at
the base, erect or ascending. Leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate.
Stipulas sheathing, ciliated with bristles. Flowers red, disposed
in capitate, terminal umbels, which are girded by involucra.
1 C. CALOCE'PHALA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 567.) stem terete,
herbaceous, villous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, with
rather oblique nerves, of which 2 rise near the base on both
sides ; bristles of stipulas 7-9, hispid. (•)• H. Native of
Mexico. Spermacoce capitata, Moc. et Sesse. fl. mex. icon,
ined. but not of fl. per. Spermacoce hirta, Pav. ined. but not
of Lin. Stamens longer than the lobes of the corolla. Corolla
4 lines long, red.
Beautiful-headed Crusea. PI. 2 feet.
2 C. RU BRA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 5. p. 165.) stem
tetragonal, herbaceous, hispid ; branches opposite ; leaves ovate,
acuminated, hairy, with the nerves oblique on both sides of the
mid-rib; bristles of stipulas 7-9, hispid. Q. H. Native of
Vera Cruz and Cuba. Crucianella hispida, Mill. diet. no. 4.
Spermacoce rubra, Jacq .hort. schoenbr. 3. p. 3. t. 256. Sper-
macoce longiflora, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 271.
Spermacoce strigosa, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1558. but not of Thunb.
Spermacoce rubra and S. strigosa, Poir. Schultes. Flowers red
or purple.
/ferf-flowered Crusea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1766. PI. 2 to
3 feet.
3 C. cocciNEA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 567.) stem tetragonal, suf-
fruticose at the base, glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acumi-
nated, petiolate, glabrous, with 3 nerves on both sides of the
mid-rib ; bristles of stipulas 3, glabrous, the middle one
the longest. Pj . S. Native of New !?pain. Spermacoce coc-
cinea, Pavon, in herb. Dunant. Corollas scarlet, larger than in
any other plant belonging to the tribe Spermacbceae ; it is even
an inch long. Alabastra and lobes of the corolla beset with
bristles on the outside ; the rest of the corolla glabrous. Style
exserted beyond the tube of the corolla. Fruit unknown ; but
the plant agrees in habit with the other species of the genus.
Scarlet-fiowered. Crusea. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
4 C. BRACHYPHY'LLA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 5. p.
165.) stem nearly terete, fistular, clothed with rather retrograde
hairs ; leaves broad-ovate, on short petioles, of a different colour
beneath, beset with scattered hairs above, and along the nerves
beneath ; heads of flowers terminal, involucrated by leaves ;
lobes of calyx triangular. — Native of Mexico, on Serra Colo-
rado, where it was collected by Schiede and Deppe. Nearly
allied to C. rtlbra, but differs in the characters indicated above,
and in the fruit being much smaller, and nearly terete, not glo-
bose. Flowers red, smaller and shorter than in C. rubra.
Short-leaved Crusea. PI. 2 feet.
Cult. The annual species should be treated as other
tender annuals, by being raised in a frame, and afterwards
planted out in the open ground in May. The shrubby species
should be treated in the manner recommended for Triodon
above.
CXCI. RICHARDSONIA (named by Kunth, in memory of
Richard Richardson, an English botanist of the 16th century).
Kunth, in mem. mus. 4. p. 430. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 350. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 567. but not of Neck. — Richardia, Lin. gen. no.
439. Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 25. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par.
5. p. 154. t. 14. f. 5. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 85. but not of Kunth.
— Schiedea, Bartl. in herb. Haenke, but not of Cham, et Schlecht.
nor of A. Rich.
LIN. SYST. Tri-Hex&ndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a subglo-
bose tube, and a 6-7-parted limb; teeth or lobes unequal, without
any accessory ones. Corolla funnel-shaped, with an obconical
tube, and a spreading, 3-6-lobed limb ; lobes valvate in aestiva-
tion. Stamens equal in number to the lobes of the corolla ; fila-
ments exserted. Style 3-4-cleft at the apex. Stigmas rather
capitate. Capsule containing 3-4 indehiscent, membranous, 1-
seeded nuts, crowned by the permanent calyx, which at length
becomes circumcised at the base, and falls off, leaving the
nuts naked. Seeds peltate. Albumen between fleshy and horny.
— Diffuse, decumbent herbs, natives of America. Roots almost
simple, rather woody, with thick bark, which is wrinkled trans-
versely ; those of many of the species are used in various
parts of the world as substitutes for Ipecacuanha. Leaves
opposite, ovate. Stipulas of many bristles. Flowers capitate
at the tops of the branches, each head involucrated by the 4
uppermost leaves.
§ 1. Calyx 6-7-lobed.
1 R. SCA'BRA (St. Hil. pi. us. bras. 8. t. 8. Mart. spec,
mat. med. bras. p. 10. t. 9. f. 13. root.) stems hairy; leaves
ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, rarely oblong, acutish, with scabrous
margins ; bristles of stipulas shorter than the sheath ; heads
many-flowered ; lobes of calyx triangular, ciliated ; segments of
4L 2
628
RUBIACE^E. CXCI. RICHARDSONIA. CXCII. KNOXIA.
corolla pilose at the apex. If. . S. Native of Brazil, at Rio
Janeiro, in sandy, cultivated fields, and by way sides ; also of
New Granada, in dry, sandy places near Ibague, and at Vera-
Cruz ; as well as of Peru, about Lima and Cercado, &c., Sweet,
fl. gard. t. 91. Richardia scabra, Lin. spec. 470. Riehardia
pilosa, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 50. R. scabra and R. pilosa,
Pers. encli. 1. p. 392. R. pilosa, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 350. t. 279. Spermacoce hexandra, A. Rich. hist,
nat. spec. p. 13. and 31. R. Brasiliensis, Gom. mem. ipec. p.
31. t. 2. Virey, journ. pharm. 1820. p. 257. with a figure.
Hayn. arzn. 8. t. 21. Spermacoce hirsuta, Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 85. Corolla white, twice the length of the calyx. The
roots are horizontal, and white, and are used as a substitute for
Ipecacuanha, in the province of Rio Janeiro, where it grows in
great plenty, under the name of Poaya do Campo. It is the
Ipecacuanha amvlace ou blanc, Merat. diet. med. 26. p. 13. and
therefore the white Ipecacuanha of the shops.
Scabrous Richardsonia, or White Ipecacuanha. Fl. Sept.
CIt. 1814. PI. procumbent.
2 R. ROSEA (St. Hil. pi. us. bras, no. 7. t. 7.) stems hispid,
very hairy at the tops; leaves ovate-lanceolate, mucronately
acute, with scabrous margins ; bristles of stipulas longer than the
sheath ; heads few-flowered ; lobes of calyx 6, linear, rather
hispid ; corolla ventricose, having the segments pilose on the
outside, "if. . S. Native of Brazil, in dry, sandy places. R.
emetica, Mart. spec. mat. med. bras. p. 11. t. 9. f. 19. Cham,
et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 351. R. rosea and R. emetica,
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 87. Corolla rose-coloured, 3 times longer
than the lobes of the calyx. Roots black, twisted, and are used
as a substitute for Ipecacuanha in the neighbourhood of Joao del
Rey, in Brazil, where it is cultivated in great quantities for that
purpose, under the name of Poaya do Campo, and are, along
with the roots of R. scabra, imported into Europe.
^Jose-flowered Richardsonia. PI. procumbent.
3 R. GRANDIFLO'RA (Cham, et Schlecht. inLinnaea. 3. p. 351.)
plant ascending ; stems hispid from bristles ; leaves lanceolate,
acute, scabrous from bristles ; bristles of stipulas rather longer
than the sheath ; heads few-flowered; segments of the calyx
lanceolate, acuminated ; corolla glabrous. Tf.. S. Native of the
south of Brazil. Roots like that of R. rosea. Corolla white,
tipped with red. Stamens 6.
Great-flowered Richardsonia. PI. decumbent.
4 R. LATERA'I.IS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 568.) erect, stem hispid
from spreading hairs ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, muriculated
above, and pilose bepeath ; bristles of stipulas longer than the
sheath ; heads of flowers small, 3 times shorter than the brae-
teas, which are ovate-lanceolate, and hispid beneath at the base ;
lobes of calyx 6, subulate, longer than the tube. If. . S. Na-
tive of Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl. Spermacoce late-
ralis, Pohl, in litt. Very nearly allied to R. divergens, but the
fruit is unknown, and is therefore a doubtful species of the
genus.
Lateral Richardsonia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 R. DIVE'RGENS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 568.) plant erect, hispid
from bristles in every part ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminated ;
bristles of stipulas longer than the sheath ; heads small, 3 times
shorter than the bracteas, which are lanceolate ; limb of calyx
very hispid, C-cleft; fruit of 4 tubercularly muricated nuts.
It. S. Native of Brazil, Pohl; and near Bahia, in cultivated
places, Salzmann. Spermacoce divergens, Pohl, in litt. Corolla
white.
Diverging Richardsonia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
6 R. SPA'RSA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 568.) the whole plant hispid
from bristles ; branches trichotomous ; leaves linear-lanceolate,
acuminated ; bristles of stipulas equal in length to the sheath :
heads either from the forks of the branches or from their tops ;
the latter one-half shorter than the bracteas, which are lanceo-
late; limb of calyx very hispid, 6-cleft ; fruit of 4 tubercularly
muricated nuts. T{. . S. Native of Brazil, Pohl ; at Bahia, in
dry pastures, Salzmann. Spermacoce sparsa, Pohl, in litt.
Flowers white.
Scattered Richardsonia. PL 1 to 2 feet.
§ 2. Calyx 4>-lobed, very rarely 3-5-lobed.
7 R. STELLA'RIS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 352.)
plant decumbent, twisted ; stem hairy ; leaves lanceolate, acumi-
nated, hairy; bristles of stipulas 5, much longer than the sheath ;
heads hemispherical ; segments of the calyx 4, oblong ; corolla
glabrous, about equal in length to the calycine teeth. O- F.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Cisplatine. Flowers 3-4-
parted, white ?
Starry Richardsonia. PI. decumbent.
8 R. HUMISTRA'TA (Cham, et Schlecht. I.e. 3. p. 354.) plant
trailing, flexuous ; stems clothed with canescent hairs ; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, acute, clothed also with canescent hairs; bristles
of stipulas 3-6, equal in length to the sheath ; heads hemispheri-
cal ; segments of calyx 4, oval ; corolla glabrous, rather longer
than the lobes of the calyx. %. S. Native of Brazil, in the
province of Monte Video. Flowers small, tetramerous and pen-
tamerous.
Trailing Richardsonia. PI. trailing.
9 R. ADSCE'NDENS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 549.) stems ascending,
villous ; leaves oblong, attenuated at both ends, scabrous from
pubescence on both surfaces ; heads terminal, on long pedun-
cles ; leaves of involucrum ovate, hardly exceeding the flowers ;
calycine segments 5, acute ; corolla tubular, downy outside at
the tops of the lobes, the rest glabrous. If. . S. Native of
Mexico. Spermacoce adscendens, Pav. in herb. Moric. Ri-
chardia villosa, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon, ined., in which the
corolla is more coloured.
Ascending Richardsonia. PI. ascending.
10 R. H^KKEA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 569.) stems trailing,
tufted, twisted, creeping, suffruticose, hairy ; leaves oblong,
villous ; bristles of stipulas shorter than the sheath ; heads of
flowers flattish ; lobes of calyx 4, ovate, acutish ; corolla subro-
tate. I/ . ? S. Native of Mexico, where it was collected by
Haenke. Schiedea Mexicana, Bartl. in herb. Haenke.
Haenke's Richardsonia. PI. trailing.
Cult. The species of this genus will thrive in any light soil ;
and cuttings of them strike root readily in the same kind of soil,
under a hand-glass, in a little heat.
CXCII. KNO'XIA (named after Robert Knox, who lived
many years in Ceylon, and published a relation of it in 1781).
Lin. gen. no. 123. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 121. t. 25. Lam. ill. t.
59. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 152. t. 15. f. 1.
but not of P. Browne. — -Spermacoce species, Roxb. Willd. and
others.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate,
rather ribbed tube, and 4 small unequal teeth, which are per-
manent, and erectly connivent on the fruit. Corolla salver-
shaped, with a terete tube, a usually bearded throat, and a 4-
lobed limb. Anthers at the throat. Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit
2-celled, usually separated from the base to the apex at the dis-
sepiment into 2 indehiscent, 1 -seeded nuts, which are sometimes,
however, combined at the base, and separating slowly, having the
axis filiform, and remaining as in umbelliferous plants. Seeds
ovate, triquetrous, erect. Albumen fleshy. Embryo erect. —
Herbs or sub-shrubs, natives of the East Indies. Stems terete
or tetragonal. Leaves opposite, and falsely verticillate from
axillary fascicles. Stipulas undivided, or of few bristles, joined
with the base of the petioles. Cymes as in the plants belonging
RUBIACE^E. CXCII. KNOXIA. CXCIH. PSYLI.OCARPUS.
629
to the order Valerianece, terminal, sessile, or pedunculate, having
their branches becoming elongated and spike-formed, after
flowering.
1 K. ZEYEA'NICA (Lin. spec. p. 151.) stem erect, glabrous,
nearly terete ; leaves lanceolate, almost sessile, glabrous ;
branches of cyme 1-3, very long, spicate, erect; tube of corolla
much longer than the calycine teetli ; throat of corolla bearded ;
stigma exserted. — Native of Ceylon. Burm. fl. ind. 34. t. 13.
f. 2. Lam. ill. t. 59. f. 1. Corolla 6 lines long. Fruit easily
separated into 2 parts from the base.
Ceylon Knoxia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 foot.
2 K. SUMATRE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 569.) stem suffruti-
cose, erect, tetragonal, tomentose ; leaves lanceolate, remote,
villous, on short petioles ; corymbs terminal, compound ; tube
of corolla gibbous, short. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies,
among the Circars, and probably of Sumatra and Velore, as well
as of Nipaul and Kamaon. Spermacoce Sumatrensis, Retz,
obs. 4. p. 23. Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 372. Knoxia stncta, Gaertn.
fruct. 1. p. 122. t. 25. Knoxia corymbosa, Willd. spec. 1. p.
582. 1 but the fruit is not separable into 2 parts as in the follow-
ing. Knoxia mollis, R. Br. in Wall. cat. no. 820. Flowers
small, white.
Sumatra Knoxia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 2 to 3 ft.
3 K. TE'RES (D. C. 1. c.) stem suffruticose, erect, branched,
terete, villous ; leaves lanceolate, villous ; corymb terminal,
compound, with opposite branches, whicli at length become
spike-formed ; tube of corolla terete, straight, with the throat
very villous, and hiding the anthers ; style twice the length of
the corolla. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies, in woods at
Koorg. Spermacoce teres, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 373. K. um-
bellata, Banks, herb, ex Roxb.
Terete-stemmed Knoxia. F. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
4 K. EXSE'RTA (D. C. 1. c.) stem suffruticose, stiff, villous in
the younger parts; leaves lanceolate, petiolate, remote ; corymbs
terminal, compound ; stamens exserted ; style bifid, exserted ;
fruit ovate, hardly separable into 2 parts. J? . S. Native of
the East Indies, on the Circars, and of Nipaul. Spermacoce
exserta, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 374. This is only, perhaps, a var.
of K. teres, according to Roxb.
Exserled-slameneA Knoxia. Shrub 1 foot.
5 K. GLA'BRA (D. C. 1 c.) stem suffruticose, terete, glabrous;
erect ; leaves linear-lanceolate, smooth ; corymbs axillary, com-
pound ; style pilose ; stigma clavate ; capsule globular, smooth.
Pj . S. Native of Pulo-Penang. Habit almost of a grass, or
Bamboo. Spermac6ce glabra, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 374. but
not of Mich. Spermacoce insularis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 404.
Corolla campanulate, cream-coloured.
Glabrous Knoxia. Shrub 1 foot.
6 K. t^vis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 570.) stem herbaceous, stiff,
terete, smooth ; leaves almost sessile, lanceolate, glabrous ; co-
rymbs terminal ; corolla funnel-shaped, with a bearded throat
and hidden anthers ; stigma bifid. $ . ex Roxb. ; Q. ex Lesch.
S. Native of Bengal. Spermacoce lae'vis, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p.
374. Sperm. Roxburghiana, Schultes, mant. 3. p. 199. Sperm.
Roxburghii, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 404. Leaves 3 inches long, and
6 lines broad. Flowers large, pink.
Smooth Knoxia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 foot.
7 K. HEYNEA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 570.) stem obsoletely
tetragonal, rather roughish ; leaves lanceolate, ribbed, with sca-
brous margins, rough from dots on both surfaces ; corymbs
terminal, trichotomous. — Native of the East Indies. Knoxia
species, Heyne. Spermacoce corymbosa, Roth, nov. spec.
p. 98. Room, et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 278. but not of Lin.
nor Burm. Very nearly allied to K. Sumatrensis.
Heyne's Knoxia. PI. 1 foot.
8 K. LINEA TA (D. C. 1. c.) downy; stem herbaceous, branched
a little, erect, villous; leaves ovate-lanceolate, with parallel veins;
bristles of stipulas pilose ; cymes corymbose, pedunculate, tri-
partite, axillary, and terminal; stamens inclosed. 0.? S.
Native of Java, among grass, about Rompien. Spermac6ce
lineata, Blum, bijdr. p. 947. but not of Roxb.
Lined-]eaved Knoxia. PI. 1 foot.
9 K. WIGHTIA'NA (Wall. cat. no. 6184.) plant glabrous ; stem
and branches slightly tetragonal ; leaves lanceolate, mucronate,
almost sessile ; corymbs terminal, compound, with spike-formed
branches. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. Spermacoce,
Wight, herb.
Wight's Knoxia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
10 K. PLANTAGINEA (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. t. 32.) stems
herbaceous, almost simple, rising in numbers from the root,
which is fusiform : radical leaves long-lanceolate, pilose ; cau-
line ones distant, narrower ; flowers terminal, sub-capitate : one
or two of the calycine teeth are elongated ; tube of corolla very
long. !£. S. Native of the Burmese Empire, on the moun-
tains. Flowers blue.
Plantain-like Knoxia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Cr&sea, p. 627.
CXCIII. PSYLLOCA'RPUS (from ^vXAoe, psyllos, a flea,
and Kaptrof, karpos, a fruit ; in allusion to the colour and shape
of the seeds). Mart. nov. gen. et spec. bras. 1. p. 44. t. 28.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 570. but not of Pohl.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with a turbi-
nate tube, and an 8-toothed limb ; teeth subulate, 6 of which are
very short, and the other 2 opposite, linear, and elongated. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped, with a bearded throat, and a 4-lobed acut-
ish limb. Anthers 4, inclosed. Stigma emarginately 2-lobed.
Capsule crowned by the teeth of the calyx, compressed from the
back of the carpels, 2-celled, having the dissepiment parallel
with the valves ; cells 1 -seeded. Seeds oval, or orbicular,
winged, much compressed, fixed to the centre of the dissepi-
ment. Embryo straight, in the axis of thin albumen. — Small
Brazilian shrubs, with twiggy, tetragonal branches. Leaves oppo-
site, and often fasciculately verticillate from clusters of the leaves
in the axils of the opposite ones. Stipulas joined with the peti-
oles, forming a sheath, ciliated with bristles. Flowers axillary
or terminal.
1 P. ERICOIDES (Mart. 1. c. p. 45. t. 28. f. 1.) suffruticose,
almost simple at the bottom, glabrous; leaves 8-12, verticillate,
shorter than the internodes ; flowers terminal, sub-capitate, fj .
S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, at Ban-
deinha, near Tejuco. Branches slender, twiggy. Corollas pale
blue. Calyx glabrous.
Heath-like Psyllocarpus. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
2 P. LARICOIDES (Mart. 1. c. p. 45. t. 28. f. 2.) a much-
branched, glabrous shrub ; leaves opposite, approximate, seta-
ceous, clustered in the axils, and therefore falsely verticillate ;
flowers terminal, disposed in something like spikes. fj . S.
Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Minas Geraes and Bahia,
in dry mountainous places. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaia. 3. p.
357. P. laricinus, Spreng. cur. post. p. 39. Branches erectly
spreading. Corollas pale blue. Calyx glabrous.
Var. ft, densijolius (Mart. 1. c.). fj . S. Native of Brazil,
on Serra de Itambe.
Larch-like Psyllocarpus. Shrub 1-J- to 2 feet.
3 P. Asi-ARAGOiDES (Mart. 1. c. p. 46.) a glabrous shrub, with
twiggy branches ; leaves disposed in verticillate fascicles, very
slender, and setaceous ; peduncles terminal, elongated, naked ;
flowers capitate. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of
Minas Geraes, near Piedade. Branches twiggy. Corollas
small, white. Calyx glabrous.
630
RUBIACE^E. CXCIV. MITRACARPUM.
Asparagus-like Psyllocarpus. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
4 P. THYMBRO!DES (Mart. 1. c. p. 46.) shrub much branched;
branches squarrose, downy ; leaves downy, in fascicles ; flowers
terminal, somewhat spicate ; calyxes hairy. fj . S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, on Serra de Gran Mo-
gol. Flowers azure blue.
Thymbra-like Psyllocarpus. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. See Richardsbnia, p. 628. for culture and propagation.
CXCIV. MITRACA'RPUM (from furpa, mitra, a girdle, or
ring, and Kapirof, karpos, a fruit ; in allusion to the fruit being
cut round about in the middle). Zuccar. in Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 3. p. 210. Q827.). Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaca. 3. p.
358. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 151. t. 14. f. 4.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 571. — Crusea, Cham, in litt. 1829.— Schizan-
gium, Bartl. in herb. Haenke. — Staurospe'rmum, Thonn. in
Schum. pi. guin. (1827.) p. 73. — Spermacoce species of
authors.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a 4-toothed, permanent limb ; 2 of the teeth are usu-
ally larger than the other 2, which are always small, or nearly
obsolete. Corolla salver-shaped, with a terete tube, which is
furnished near the base inside with a circular line of hairs, a
glabrous throat, and a 4-lobed limb. Anthers exserted, or in-
closed. Stigma bifid. Capsule membranous, crowned by the
calyx, 2-celled, circumcised round the middle. Seeds solitary
in the cells, basilar, partly fixed to the dissepiment. — Herbs or
sub-shrubs, with the habit of Spermacoce, all naiives of Ame-
rica, except one species from Africa. Leaves opposite. Sti-
pulas combined with the petioles a little way, and ending in many
bristles. Flowers in dense, verticillate, axillary and terminal
heads, the latter always involucrated by 4 leaves. Corollas
white.
§ 1 . Two of the calycine teeth are large, and two small.
* Suffruticose and herbaceous perennial plants.
1 M. HUMBOLDTIA'NUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p.
358. t. 3. f. 1.) erect; branches nearly terete, downy while
young, but glabrous in the adult state ; leaves linear-oblong, or
lanceolate, pubescent or hairy on both surfaces ; stipulas with
5 stift' bristles on each side, naked at the apex ; flowers disposed
in dense verticillate heads ; heads numerous, distant, terminal
and axillary ones alike ; the two large teeth of the calyx are
subulate, and ciliated. 1? . S. Native of New Spain, on Silla
de Caraccas ; and of Brazil, in sand by the sea-side, at Rio
Janeiro. The specimens from Caraccas are more hairy than the
Brazil plant, which is trailing. Spermac6ce frigida, Willd. in
Roem. et Schultes, 3. p. 531. Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 349.
Flowers white.
Humboldl's Mitracarpum. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
2 M. SELLOWIA'NUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linna-a. 3. p.
361.) stem diffuse, much branched, clothed more or less with
white hairs ; leaves oblong or lanceolate, sessile, cuspidate, sca-
brous on both surfaces ; stipulas cleft into many stiff bristles,
membranous and villous at the base ; heads terminal, dense, invo-
lucrated by 4 leaves, which are 2 or 3 times longer than the head.
— Native of Brazil, about Rio Grande do Sul, Monte Video, &c. ;
in the Pampas of Buenos Ayres and Cordova. Capsule glabrous.
The 2 larger teeth of the calyx are scabrous, erect, and subulate,
with a very few additional denticulations. Flowers white. Leaves
varying from 2 to 4 lines broad. Stem usually very villous, but
sometimes almost glabrous, as well as the leaves.
Sello's Mitracarpum. PI. diffuse.
3 M. SALZMANNIA'NUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 571.) stems diffuse,
much branched, hispid from spreading stiffish hairs ; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, scabrous on both surfaces, setigerous at the
apex ; stipulas villous, membranous at the base, cleft into many
stiffish bristles ; flowers disposed in dense, verticillate heads, the
ultimate or terminal head round, and involucrated by 2-4 leaves,
which are hardly longer than the head. 1£. S. Native of
Brazil, in sand by the sea-side, at Bahia, where it was collected
by Salzmann. Very like M. Sellonianum, but differs in the
characters indicated, as well as in the seeds being paler and one-
half smaller. Flowers white.
Salzmann's Mitracarpum. PL diffuse.
4 M. SCHIZA'NGIUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 572.) suffruticose ;
branches sub-tetragonal, downy ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acu-
minated, scabrous on both surfaces, and on the margins ; sti-
pulas villous and membranous at the base, cleft in many stiff
bristles : heads of flowers terminal and axillary, verticillate ; the
former involucrated by 4 leaves. Tj . S. Native of Mexico,
where it was collected by Haenke. Schizangium durum, Bartl.
in herb. Hsenke. Leaves 24-27 lines long, and 4 broad. Teeth
of calyx acuminated, scabrous. Flowers white.
Cut-capsuled Mitracarpum. Shrub diffuse.
5 M. CUSPIDA'TUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 572.) stems ascending,
branched, downy ; leaves linear, cuspidate by a straight mu-
crone, almost veinless, glabrous ; bristles of stipulas 3-5, stiff,
longer than the sheath ; heads of flowers hemispherical, terminal,
3-4 times shorter than the bracteas ; calyx with 2 cuspidate
teeth, and 3-4 nearly abortive ones. 1£. S. Native of Monte
Video ; and of Chili, at Maldanado, in the Banda Oriental.
Stem hardly a hand high, suffruticose at the base. Heads of
flowers 4 lines in diameter. Floral leaves 9 lines long, and a
line broad. Tube of the corolla almost double the length of
the calycine teeth. Flowers white.
Cuspidate -leaved Mitracarpum. PL ascending.
6 M. VIRGA'TUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaa. 3. p. 363.)
stem suffruticose, erect, and are, as well as the branches, terete
and glabrous : leaves linear, very narrow, flaccid ; stipulas of
two colours, ciliated ; corollas long, tubular; stamens exserted.
fj . S. Native of Brazil. Spermacoce virgata, Willd. in Rcem.
et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 281. and 531. mant. 3. p. 205. Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 401. Flowers white. Leaves 6-8 in a whorl, accord-
ing to Link, but are probably only in axillary fascicles.
Twiggy Mitracarpum. Shrub 1 foot.
7 M. DIFFU'SUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 363.)
stems suffruticose, procumbent, terete, hairy ; leaves lanceolate,
beset with retrograde asperities on both surfaces, and serrulately
ciliated on the margins ; flowers capitate and verticillate ; the 2
larger lobes of the calyx exceeding the corolla, which is salver-
shaped ; capsule smoothish. fy . S. Native of South America,
in woods about the Orinoco and Apure. Flowers white ; stamens
exserted ; seeds oblong.
Diffuse Mitracarpum. Shrub diffuse.
8 M. SAGR^A'NUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 572.) plant suffruticose,
twisted and tufted, clothed with fine down ; leaves oblong :
heads of flowers axillary and terminal, the latter girded by 4
leaves : lobes of calyx 4, 2 large concave and blunt, and 2
small. J? . S. Native of Cuba, near the Havannah, where it was
collected by Ramon de La Sagra. Flowers white. Seeds
brown, hollow in front, and marked by 4 small rays.
Ramon de La Sagra's Mitracarpum. Shrub tufted.
9 M. SENEGALE'NSE (D. C. prod. 4. p. 572.) glabrous; stem
erect, suffruticose at the base, rather tetragonal ; leaves oblong,
acuminated at both ends : stipulas furnished with 2-3 teeth on
both sides ; flowers disposed in capitate whorles ; calyx with 4
teeth, 2 long and acute, and 2 small. T? . ? Q.I F. Native
of Senegal, on the banks of the river at Walo, where it was col-
lected by Bade, Perrottet, and Leprieur ; and in other parts of
Guinea, by Thonning. Oldenlandia verticillata, Bade, in litt.
Staurospermum verticillatum, Thonn. in Schum. pi. guin. p. 73.
Flowers white. Seeds small, nearly globose, pale, umbilicate in
RUBIACE.E. CXCIV. MITRACARPUM. CXCV. CRUCKSHANKSIA. CXCVI. STAELIA.
631
front, and marked by 4 rays. Perhaps the same as M. sca,-
brum, Zuccar. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 210. which was
found about Fort Louis.
Senegal Mitracarpum. Shrub.
* * Annual plants.
10 M. TORRESIA'NUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p.
360. t. 3. f. 2.) stem erect, simple, somewhat tetragonal, rather
pilose on the angles ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, attenuated at the
base, membranous, rather downy on both surfaces ; stiptilas
membranous, with white villous bristles ; flowers disposed in
capitate whorles, the terminal one usually formed of 2 combined
heads, and girded by 4 leaves. O- F. Native of Guajan and
Marianne Islands. Flowers white.
Torres's Mitracarpum. PI. 2| foot.
11 M. viLi,6suM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 363.)
stem erectish, sparingly branched, slightly tetragonal, villous ;
leaves oval-lanceolate, downy ; stipulas membranous, cleft into
many bristles ; heads of flowers axillary, verticillate, and ter-
minal, the latter girded by 4 leaves ; anthers inclosed. (•)• F.
Native of Jamaica. Spermacoce hirta, Jacq. icon. rar. t. 308.
and probably of Lin. Spermacoce villosa, Swartz, obs. p. 45.
Corolla white. Anthers yellow. Seeds pale, somewhat
tubercular on the back, and marked by a cruciate furrow in
front.
Villous Mitracarpum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PL | to
1 foot.
12 M. HIRTUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 572.) stem erect, branched,
scabrous, tetragonal ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, clothed with hairy
pubescence ; stipulas membranous, with many bristles : axillary
heads of flowers verticillate ; terminal ones girded by 4 leaves ;
anthers exserted. Q. F. Native of Jamaica, in dry, grassy
places ; and of the Society Islands. Spermacoce hirta, Swartz,
obs. p. 45. Very like M. villosa, but differs in being more
branched, in the anthers being exserted and blue, and in the
seeds being smaller, blacker, and concave in front, not with 4
rays.
Hairy Mitracarpum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. | to
1 foot.
13 M. FISCHE'RI (Cham, et Schlecht. 3. p. 363.) stem erect,
hairy, tetragonal ; leaves oblong, attenuated at the base, acute,
downy from very short hairs ; stipulas ciliated ; flowers densely
capitate, terminal ; teeth of calyx 4, lanceolate, acute, a little
shorter than the corolla. O- F. Native of Jamaica. Sperma-
coce Fischeri, Link. enum. 1. p. 132. Spermacoce adscendens.
Fisch. ined. Corollas white. Habit of Spermacoce aspera,
Aubl.
Fischer's Mitracarpum. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1821. PI.
1 foot.
14 M. sTYLbsuM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 363.)
stem decumbent, terete, glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
attenuated at the base ; bristles of stipulas long ; flowers dis-
posed in dense whorles ; the two large teeth of the calyx are
subulate at the apex ; style exserted. O- F. Native of Ma-
nilla. Spermacbce stylosa, Link. enum. 1. p. 132. Sperma-
c6ce crassifolia, Hortul. Capsule membranous, glabrous. Co-
rollas white. Seed orbicular, with a mark like the letter x
engraven on the front, somewhat 4-lobed, of a pale, dirty
colour.
Long-styled Mitracarpum. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819. PI.
1 foot.
§ 2. Calyx with 4 nearly equal acutish teeth.
15 M. NEGIE'CTUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 573.) plant glabrous, di-
chotomous ; leaves oblong-linear, acute, almost veinless ; bristles
of stipulas 3, stiff, longer than the sheath ; heads of flowers
terminal, 3 times shorter than the bracteas ; calyx glabrous, with
4, hardly acute teeth, which are a little shorter than the corolla.
— Native of Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl. Spermacoce
neglecta, Schott ex Pohl, in litt. Heads of flowers 5 lines in
diameter. Floral leaves about an inch long, and 2 lines broad.
Neglected Mitracarpum. PI. ?
•f- Species not sufficiently known.
16 M. SQUARRO'SUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 3. p.
363.) — Native of Cuba, on rocks about Havannah. Spermacoce
squarrosa, Poepp. Nearly allied to M. Sellowianum, but differs
in its smoothness.
Squarrose Mitracarpum. PL
Cult. See Borreria, p. 618. for culture and propagation.
CXCV. CRUCKSHA'NKSIA (named after Mr. Cruck-
shanks, the original discoverer of the plant, and a particular
friend of both Hooker and Arnott). Hook, et Arn. in bot.
misc. 3. p. 361. but not of Hook, in bot. misc. vol. 2. t. 90.
LIN. SYST. Pentundria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with a globose
subdidymous tube, and a 5-toothed limb ; teeth usually furnished
with an accessory small subulate tooth on each 'side ; one or two
of the teeth are usually expanded into large reticulated peduncu-
late roundish membranous wings. Corolla salver-shaped, with
an elongated tube, a 5-cleft spreading limb, and a glabrous
throat. Stamens 5, exserted, inserted in the mouth of the
corolla. Filaments club-shaped, acute ; anthers linear-oblong,
fixed by the base. Style filiform, a little longer than the tube
of the corolla ; stigma bifid, pilose : the divisions linear and
acute. Capsule membranous, globose, subdidymous, crowned
by the more or less widened calycine segments, 2-celled, 4-
valved ; cells 2-seeded ; valves ovate, very concave, boat-
shaped, 1 -nerved in the middle, separable from the thin mem-
branous white dissepiment. Seeds large, obovate, black, tu-
bercled, very deeply furrowed on the inside at the hylum.
Albumen horny. Embryo central, very much curved ; cotyle-
dons flat ; radicle nearly terete, inferior, elongated. — The whole
plant is more or less pubescent. Root perennial, dividing into
many stems at the neck. Stems herbaceous, terete, ascending,
flexuous, branched. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, acute, tapering
into the petiole, stipulate ; stipulas interpetiolar, broad-subulate,
free, or joined more or less. Bracteas involucra-formed, simple
or tripartite, furnished with small subulately toothed stipulas at
the base on both sides. Peduncles terminal and axillary.
Flowers disposed into a rather large depressed cyme : having
the corolla and calycine wings yellow.
1 C. HYME'NODON (Hook, et Arn. 1. c.) — Native of Chili,
about Coquimbo. There are varieties with hoary or less pubes-
cent leaves. This most extraordinary plant has little of the
general appearance of any of the Rubiaceee, although in its most
striking peculiarities, the dilatation of some of the calycine teeth
into disproportionably large orbicular, or somewhat reniform
petiolate wings, it has an affinity with Mussce'nda. Its place in
the order is, however, near Spermacbce and Mitracarpum.
Membrane-toothed Cruckshanksia. PI.
Cult. See Richardsbnia, p. 628, for culture and propagation.
CXCVI. STAE'LIA (this genus is dedicated to the illus-
trious Baron Augustus de Stael Holstein). Cham, et Schlecht. S.
p. 364. t. 3. f. 3. D. C. prod. 4. p. 573.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with an" ovate
tube, and only 2 subulate teeth, with hardly any accessory ones.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a slender tube, and a 4-lobed acute
limb. Stamens 4, exserted. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule mem-
branous, 2-celled, 2-valved, with an entire permanent dissepi-
ment; valves concave, crowned each by a calycine tooth, cut at the
632
RUBIACEJE. CXCVI. STAELIA. CXCVII. TESSIERA. CXCVI1I. GAILLOKIA. CXCIX. MACHAOKIA.
base by a line from the dissepiment, and therefore falling asunder.
Seed solitary, fixed to the dissepiment. — Brazilian herbs, with
terete stems. Leaves glabrous, linear, opposite, and in axillary
fascicles. Stipulas membranous, narrow, of many bristles, or
acutely 3-lobed. Axillary heads of flowers verticillate, and the
terminal ones globose. Allied to Mitracdrpum.
1 S. TIIYMOIDES (Cham. 1. c.) stem much branched, ascend-
ing, puberulous ; stipulas acutely 3-lobed ; whorles of flowers
few. If. S. Native of the south of Brazil. Leaves 5 lines
long, and hardly a line broad. Corolla purple. Heads of flowers
size of small peas.
Thyme-like Staelia. PI. i to | foot.
2 S. GALIOIDES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 573.) stems glabrous,
sparingly branched, twiggy, elongated ; stipulas of many bristles ;
whorles of flowers few. — Native of Brazil, where it was collected
by Pohl. Spermacoce galioides, ex Pohl, in litt. Leaves an
inch long, and half a line broad. Whorles of flowers distant at
the top of the stem.
Galium-like Staelia. PL -j foot.
3 S. REFLE'XA (D. C. 1. c.) stems smoothish, much branched ;
branches twiggy ; leaves linear, with rather revolute margins ;
stipulas tridentate ; whorles in nearly all the axils ; floral leaves
reflexed. — Native of Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl.
Spermacoce reflexa, Pohl, in litt. Whorles 20-30 on each
branch. Leaves 4 lines long.
Reflexed-\eaved Staelia. PI. £ to 1 foot.
Cull. See Richardsonm, p. 628. for culture and propagation.
CXCVII. TESSIE'RA (named after M. Tessier, who has
written on the diseases of wheat, and the effects of light upon
plants, &c.). D. C. prod. 4. p. 574.
LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a 4-lobed limb ; lobes nearly equal, without any acces-
sory ones. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a glabrous throat, and a
4-lobed limb. Stamens hardly exserted. Stigma 2-lobed. Cap-
sule 2-celled, 2-valved, with an entire oval deciduous dis-
sepiment ; valves concave, crowned by the teeth of the calyx,
falling asunder from being cut vertically along the dis-
sepiment. Seeds solitary in the cells, fixed to the middle
dissepiment. — American herbs, clothed in every part, except the
corollas, with tomentum or wool. Leaves opposite, sessile,
lined by the nerves. Stipulas cleft into many bristles. Flowers
axillary, sessile, few, verticillate, bracteolate. — This genus is
nearly allied to Staelia from the structure of the fruit, but to
Borreria or Diodia from habit.
1 T. LANIFERA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 574.) plant clothed with
long white wool ; stem or branches twiggy, terete. — Native
of Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl. Diodia or Sper-
macoce lamfera, Pohl, in litt.
Wool-bearing Tessiera. PI.
2 T. LITHOSPERMOIDES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 574.) plant suffruti-
cose, erectish, branched, grey in every part from crowded short
velvety down ; fruit at length glabrous, fj . ? TJ..1 S. Native
of Mexico,^ where it was collected by Haenke. Spermacoce
lithospermoides, Bartl. in herb. Haenke.
Lithospermum-like Tessiera. PI. 1 foot. ?
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Richardsbnia, p. 628.
CXCVIII. GAILLO'NI A (evidently named after some person
of the name of Gaillon, of whom we know nothing). A. Rich. mem.
soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 153. t. 15. f. 34. D. C. prod. 4. p. 574.
LIN. SYST. Penl-Heptdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an
ovate tube, and a 5-7-lobed permanent limb ; teeth unequal. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped, with a terete tube, and a 5-7-lobed limb ;
lobes oblong. Stamens 5-7, exserted from the throat, but
shorter than the corolline lobes. Style filiform, thickened at the
apex ; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit egg-shaped, almost naked at the
apex, containing 2 separable, 1-seeded, indehiscent nuts. —
Hard, oppositely-branched herbs, velvety from fine down in every
part, as also on the corollas. Leaves linear, ending in a cal-
lous mucrone, opposite, bearing twin stipulas on both sides,
which are sometimes short and truly stipula-formed, and some-
times long and foliaceous, and in the latter case appearing like
those of Galinm. Flowers some in the forks 'of the branches,
sessile, solitary, and naked, and others sessile at the tops of the
branches, between the 2 superior leaves. — Habit of Asperula,
with a velvety aspect. This genus ought probably to be placed
among Rubiacece, sect. Stellatce.
1 G. OLIVE'KII (Rich. 1. c.) stem multiple, brachiate, and as
if it was articulated ; branches opposite ; leaves distinct at the
base, linear-subulate, spinescent at the apex ; stipulas leaf-
formed, distinct from the leaves. ^.? !£.? F. Native of
Persia, between Teheran and Ispahan, where it was collected by
Olivier and Bruguiere.
Olivier's Gaillonia. PI. ^ foot. ?
2 G. BRUGUIE'RII (A. Rich. 1. c.) stem multiple; leaves linear-
lanceolate, fj . ? If. . ? S. Native along with the preceding,
and probably only a broad-leaved variety of it.
Bruguiere's Gaillonia. PI. -J foot. ?
3 G. SZOWITZII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 574.) stem branched at
top; branches erect : leaves subulate ; upper ones connate at the
base, and adhering to the stipulas, and therefore appearing tri-
furcate and trispinose at the apex. I/ . F. Native of Persia,
in very arid, stony places near Nekhitcheven, where it was col-
lected by Szowitz. — A very distinct species.
Szorvitz's Gaillonia. PI. ^ foot.
Cult. The species of Gaillonia should be grown in pots, half
filled with pot-sherds, in a mixture of sand and peat, and placed
among other alpine plants. They may be increased either by
cuttings or seeds.
CXGIX. MACHAOVNIA (named after Machaon, an eminent
hero and physician, who, with his brother Podalyrius, accom-
panied the Grecian army in the expedition against Troy, and
performed great services among the troops). Humb. et. Bonpl.
pi. equin. 1. p. 101. t. 29. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 350. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 382. Cham, et Schlecht. in Lin-
nsea. 4. p. 2. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 161. D.
C. prod. 4. p. 574.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obovate
tube, and a small 5-parted limb. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-cleft,
with a short tube, and a villous throat. Stamens 4, inserted in
the throat, exserted ; anthers rather cordate. Stigma bipartite.
Capsule oblong-cuneated, rather tetragonal, crowned by the
limb of the calyx, 2-celled, separable into 2, 1-seeded, indehis-
cent, ligneous-coriaceous, trigonal nuts, which are fixed inter-
nally to the linear axis beneath its apex. Seeds solitary in the
cells, pendulous. Radicle superior. Albumen fleshy. — Shrubs
or trees natives of South America. Leaves opposite, petiolate,
acuminated. Stipulas interpetiolar, solitary on both sides. Pani-
cles sub-corymbose, terminal. Flowers white, hardly larger than
those of Asperula.
1 M. ACUMINA'TA (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. t. 29.) un-
armed ; leaves ovate-elliptic, short-acuminated, downy on both
surfaces. ^ . S. Native in the town of Guayaquil, by way
sides, where it is called Ceiba-blanca by the natives. H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 350. Flowers white.
Acuminated-leaved Machaonia. Tree 25 feet.
2 M. BRASILIE'NSIS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 2.)
unarmed ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, having the
veins downy beneath, t? . S. Native at the mouth of the
Amazon, about Gran-Para. Cinch6na Brasiliensis, Hoffmanseg.
ex Willd. mss. in Humb. berl. mag. p., 11 9. Rcem. et Schultes,
RUBIACE^E. CXCIX. MACHAONIA. CC. SERISSA. CCI. ERNODEA. CCII. CUNCEA. CCIII. HYDROPHILAX. 633
syst. 5. p. 13. Flowers white. Salzmann collected a plant
which is, perhaps, referrible to the present species, on the hills
about Bahia, in Brazil, in which the stem is scandent ; the
branches tetragonal, and villous on the angles ; the panicles ter-
minal ; the flowers small, white ; and the throat of the corolla
villous.
Brazilian Machaonia. Shrub cl. ?
3 M. SPINOSA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 2.) branch-
lets spinescent ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated at both
ends, glabrous. Jj . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers white.
Spinose Machaonia. Shrub or tree.
Cult. See Richardsbnia, p. 628. for culture and propagation.
SUBTRIBE III. PUTORIE'jE (the plants contained in this
tribe agree with the genus Pulbria in having fleshy, indivisible
fruit). D. C. prod. 4. p. 575. Fruit rather fleshy, not sepa-
rable into parts.
CC. SERI'SSA (a name given by Dioscorides, but the mean-
ing is unknown). Comm. in Juss. gen. (1789.) p. 209. mem.
mus. 6. p. 395. Lam. ill. t. 151. f. 3. Blum, bijdr. p. 969. A.
Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 161. D. C. prod. 4. p.
575. — Dysoda, Lour. (1790.) coch. — Buchozia, L'Her. diss.
with a figure. — Lycium species, Lin. fil. and Thunb.
LIN. SYST. Tetra-Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an
obovate tube, and a 5, rarely 4-cleft limb ; lobes short, and
sometimes with a few accessory teeth between them. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with the tube hairy inside, and a 5, rarely 4-
parted limb ; lobes induplicate in aestivation : hence they are
somewhat trifid at the apex. Stamens 5, rarely «4. Anthers
exserted, linear. Style inclosed ; stigma bifid. Berry nearly
globose, 2-celled, 2-seeded, crowned by the limb of the calyx,
ex Rich. — A small shrub, glabrous in every part except the
young branches, which are whitish. Leaves small, almost ses-
sile, opposite, and generally in axillary fascicles, having an un-
grateful scent when bruised. Stipulas combined with the petioles,
and ciliately fringed on the margins. Flowers terminal, in fasci-
cles, almost sessile, white. — The fruit is described by Blume and
Jussieu as many-seeded. •
1 S. FO/TIDA (Comm. 1. c.). Jj . G. Native of China, Japan,
Cochin-china, and other places of the East. Lycium Japonicum,
Thunb. fl. jap. p. 93. t. 17. Curt. bot. mag. 361. Lycium foe'-
tidum, Lin. fil. suppl. 150. Lycium I'ndicum, Retz, obs. 2. p.
12. Dysoda fasciculata, Lour. coch. p. 146. Buchozia capros-
moides, L'Her. diss. with a figure. Dysoda fce'tida, Salisb.
prod. p. 60. Spermacoce fruticosa, Desf. hort. Par. A small
bushy shrub, with small dark-green, shining, myrtle-like leaves,
and white single or double flowers, which are reddish outside.
The plant from Japan differs from that of China, according to
Blume, in the hairs on the inside of the throat of the corolla being
geniculated, not clavate.
Fetid Serissa. Fl. May, Sept. CIt. 1787. Shrub 2 to 3
feet.
Cult. This little shrub grows well in a mixture of loam,
peat, and sand ; and cuttings root readily in sand, with a hand-
glass over them.
CCI. ERNO'DEA (from fprw^c, ernodes, branched ; the
shrub is much branched). Swartz, prod. p. 29. fl. ind. occ. 1.
p. 223. t. 4. Schreb. gen.no. 1718. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p.
373. Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 94. t. 196. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist,
nat. Par. 5. p. 156. t. 15. f. 2 D. C. prod. 4. p. 575.
LIN. SYST. Telra-Hexdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an
ovate tube, and a 4-6-parted limb ; lobes oblong-linear, acute,
erect, permanent. Corolla salver-shaped, with a terete, some-
what tetragonal tube, a naked throat, and 4-6 lanceolate, revo-
lute lobes, ex Rich ; but circinnately convolute according to
VOL. in.
others. Stamens with the filaments free from the upper part
of the tube, longer than the corolla ; anthers acute, erect. Style
longer than the stamens ; stigma emarginate. Berry roundish,
crowned by the calyx, bisulcate, 2-celled, containing two 1-
seeded pyrenae, or nuts. Seeds peltate, ex Rich, fixed by a
longitudinal chink in the middle. Albumen cartilaginous.
Embryo erect, with foliaceous cotyledons. — A decumbent shrub,
native of America. Leaves opposite, almost sessile, lanceolate
or elliptic. Flowers axillary, pale yellow, sessile.
1 E. LITTORA'LIS (Swartz, 1. c.). J? . S. Native of Jamaica,
Porto Rico, Guadaloupe, and others of the West India Islands,
on the sea shore, Vahl, symb. 2. p. 28. — Knoxia, Browne, jam.
140. no. 1. Thymelae'a, Sloane, hist. jam. 2. p. 93. t. 1C9.
f. 1-2. Berries yellow. In fl. mex. the flowers are painted
white, and the berries reddish ; it is, therefore, perhaps a dis-
tinct species. Stipulas surrounding the branch ciliated.
Sea-shore Ernodea. Shrub decumbent.
Cult. See Richardsonia, p. 628. for culture and propagation.
CCII. CU'NCEA (meaning unknown to us). Ham. in D.
Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 135. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5.
p. 157. D. C. prod. 4. p. 576.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx small,
4-toothed. Corolla with a short tube, a 4-cleft limb, and a
throat closed by villi ; lobes or segments of the limb roundish.
Anthers 4, linear, sessile, inclosed. Stigma bifid, exserted.
Berry 2-celled, 2-seeded, crowned by the calyx. — Herb peren-
nial. Stem erect, branched, terete, tomentose. Leaves oppo-
site, petiolate, nerved downy on both surfaces, 2-3 inches long ;
lower ones elliptic ; upper ones lanceolate, mucronate. Stipulas
twin, tripartite, with the lobes setaceous. Cymes terminal,
compound, trichotomously branched, many-flowered. Flowers
small, yellow.
1 C. TRIFIDA (Hamilc. 1. c.). l/.F. Native of Nipaul.
TVj/fd-bractead Cuncea. PI. 1£ foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Richardsonia, p. 628.
CCIII. HYDROPHPLAX (from vcwp, hydor, water, and
0v\a£, phylax, a keeper, or guardian ; the plant always grows
by the sea-side). Lin. fil. suppl. p. 126. Lam. ill. 76. f. 1. A.
Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. p. 158. D. C. prod. 4. p. 576. —
Serissus, Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 118. t. 25.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate,
angular tube, and a 4-parted, permanent limb (f. 109. a.) ; teeth-
acute, erect. Corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, 4-lobed
(f. 109. a.~). Anthers 4, sessile in the throat, exserted, linear-
oblong (f. 109./.). Stigma roundly 2-lobed (f. 109. 6.). Berry
dry, corky, angular, lanceolate, crowned by the calyx, 2-celled
(f. 109. c.). Seeds solitary in the cells, oblong, bisulcate in-
side, with hard albumen, and
a straight embryo. — Glabrous, FIG. 109.
creeping herbs. Stems terete.
Leaves opposite, ovate-oblong,
fleshy, joined with the stipulas
into a cupular toothed sheath at
the base. Flowers axillary ses-
sile, usually by twos, pale lilac.
— This genus is very nearly al-
lied to Diodia, but differs in the
fruit not being divisible into 2
parts, and in the stipulas not
being cut into many bristles.
1 H. MA RITIMA (Lin. fil. suppl.
p. 126.). T;. S. Native of Ma-
labar and Coromandel, in the
sand by the sea side, Roxb.
4M
634 RUBIACE^E. CCIII. HYDROPHILAX. CCIV. SCYPHIPHOKA. CCV. PLOCAMA. CCVI. PUTORIA. CCVII. CAPROSMA.
corom. 3. p. 30. t. 233. fl. ind. 1. p. 380. Serissus anceps.
Gaertn. 1. c. Flowers of a lilac colour. Habit of Arenaria
peploldes, but larger (f. 109.).
Sea-side Hydrophilax. PL creeping.
•f- A species not sufficiently knonm.
2 H. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (Willd. herb, ex Rcem. et Schultes,
syst. 3. p. 527.) leaves lanceolate, acute, sessile, closely imbri-
cated, sheathed ; flowers terminal. — Native of Madagascar,
where it was collected by Commerson.
Madagascar Hydrophilax. PI. creeping.
Cult. This plant should be grown in a pot filled with small
gravel, and watered from time to time with salted water. It
will be easily increased by separating the rooted stems, or by
seeds.
CCIV. SCYPHI'PHORA (from OKV^OQ, sfcyphos, a bowl or
cup, and </>cp<a, phero, to bear ; application not evident). Gaertn.
fil. carp. 3. p. 91. t. 196. Blum, bijdr. p. 955. A. Rich. mem.
soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 159. t. 14. f. 1. D. C. prod. 4. p. 577. —
Hydrophi'lax species, Juss.
LIN. SYST. Tetr6ndria, Monogynia, Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a short tubular truncate nearly entire limb. Corolla
funnel-shaped, having the tube hairy inside, and the limb with 4
lanceolate spreading segments. Stamens 4, exserted; filaments
short ; anthers incumbent inwardly. Stigma bifid, with approxi-
mate lobes. Drupe baccate, crowned, 8-furrowed, containing 2
bony oblong 1 -seeded pyrense or nuts, which are flat inside, and
furrowed on the back. Albumen fleshy. Embryo central,
erect, with oblong cotyledons, and a somewhat incurved radicle.
— A shrub native of the Moluccas. Leaves opposite, veinless.
Flowers subcorymbose, axillary.
1 S. HYDROPHILA'CEA (Gsertn. and Blum. 1. c.). T? . S. Na-
tive of the Moluccas, by the sea side. Hydrophi'lax, Banks,
herb.
Hydrophilax-l\ke Scyphiphora. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hydrophflax above.
CCV. PLO'CAM A (from TrXo/ca/noc, plokamos, bent or twisted
hairs; in reference to the numerous slender, pendulous branches).
Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. p. 292. Gsertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 196.
Juss. mem. 6. p. 371. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p.
161. D. C. prod. 4. p. 577.— Placoma, Pers. ench. 1. p. 210. —
Bartlingia, Rchb. in flora 1824. p. 241. icon. exot. 1. t. 11. but
not of Brongn. — Plocoma and Bartlingia, Spreng. syst. — Plocoma
and Placoma, Gmel. syst.
LIN. SYST. Penta-Hexdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an
ovate-globose tube, and a small sinuately toothed limb. Co-
rolla campanulately funnel-shaped, 5-cleft, rarely 6-cleft. An-
thers inserted between the lobes of the corolla, sessile at the
throat, linear. Stigma thickish, slightly 2-lobed, or undivided.
Fruit almost baccate, areolate at the apex, and crowned by the
small inflexed calyx, 2-3-celled. Endocarp membranous. Seeds
solitary in the cells, erect, with thin albumen. Embryo
with a terete, radicle, and flat cotyledons. — A small, glabrous,
much-branched shrub, with the branches terete, slender, and
pendulous. Leaves linear-filiform, opposite. Stipulas com-
bined, with the petioles short, bluntly toothed, membranous.
Flowers solitary or by threes in the axils of the upper leaves,
and on the tops of the branches, white, on short peduncles.
1 P. PE'NDULA (Ait. 1. c.). Tj . G. Native of the Canary
Islands. Placoma pendula, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 441. Bartlingia
scoparia, Rchb. icon. exot. t. 11. and Placoma pendula, Rchb.
p. 9. with a good description and figure. Habit of Galmm.
Leaves 2 inches long.
Pendulous Plocama. Clt. 1772. Shrub 2 feet.
Cull. See Serissa, p. 633. for culture and propagation.
CCVI. PUTO'RIA(fromp«<or, rankness; in reference to the
smell of the leaves when bruised). Pers. ench. 1. p. 524. A. Rich,
mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 160. D. C. prod. 4. p. 577. —
Asperula species, Lin. fil. — Sherardia species, Cyr. — Pav6tta
species, Cyr. — Ernodea species, Smith.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a short tubular, 5-toothed limb. Corolla salver-
shaped, with a long terete tube, a glabrous throat, and 4 spread-
ing, acutish lobes. Filaments of stamens short, rising from the
top of the tube of the corolla, hardly exserted. Anthers oblong-
linear, ex Rich. Stigma bifid. Berry nearly dry, ovate-oblong,
umbilicate, 2-celled. Seeds oblong, solitary in the cells. — Shrubs
stiff. Leaves opposite, fetid when bruised, oblong-linear, ob-
tuse. Stipulas solitary on both sides. Flowers sessile on the
tops of the branches, in fascicles. Habit of Daphne Gneorum.
1 P. CALA'BRICA (Pers. 1. c.) stem shrubby, much branched ;
branches clothed with velvety down ; leaves oblong, obtuse,
smoothish ; Stipulas solitary on both sides. tj . F. Native of
Calabria, Candia, Syria, Atlas, Sicily, &c. on calcareous rocks.
Asperula Calabrica, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 120. L'Her. stirp. nov. 1.
p. 65. t. 32. Sherardia foe'tida, Lam. diet. 4. p. 326. Pavetta
fcetidissima, Cyr. pi. neap. 1. p. 8. t. 1. Ernodea montana,
Sibth. and Smith, fl. graec. t. 143. Guss. fl. sic. 1. p. 169. Lo-
nicera Sicula, Ucria, pi. add. p. 249. ex Guss. Sherardia fceti-
dissima, Cyr. char. 69. t. 3. f. 7. Pavetta fcetidissima, Cyr. neap,
fasc. 1. t. 1. Flowers red. Habit of Asperula. Leaves pale
beneath, scabrous on the edges and keel.
Calabrian Putoria. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. Shrub | to 1 foot.
2 P. ? I'NDICA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 577.) stem herbaceous,
sparingly branched, rather radicant at the base ; branches hispid
from villi ; leaves ovate, acute, villous ; Stipulas twin on both
sides, subulate. 1{. . F. Native of the East Indies, on the Nel-
lighery mountains, in humid places, where it was collected by
Leschenault, who has called it Asperula from habit, in his herba-
rium. Style exserted, divided at the apex into 2 thickish, hispid,
short stigmas. The flowers are much like those of the first
species, but the fruit being unknown, the genus to which it pro-
perly belongs is still doubtful.
Indian Putoria. PI. \ to 1 foot.
Cult. A mixture of chalk, sand, and peat will be the best
soil for the species of Putoria; and they may be readily increased
by cuttings or seeds.
Tribe XI.
ANTHOSPE'RME;E (the plants contained in this tribe agree
with the genus Anthospermum in particular characters). Cham,
et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 309. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat.
Par. 5. p. 136. D. C. prod. 4. p. 578. Flowers dioecious, or
hermaphrodite. Corolla rotate (f. 110. 6.). Styles separate to
the base, ending in an elongated, hispid, or plumose stigma
each (f. 110. c.). Fruit constantly of 2 indehiscent, 1-seeded
mericarps or nuts (f. 110. g.f.), which are easily separated
at maturity. Albumen fleshy. — Small shrubs or herbs. Leaves
opposite or verticillate. Stipulas small, 1-3-toothed, adnate to
both sides of the petioles.
CCVII. CAPRO'SMA (from xavpoc, capros, a wild boar,
and oiT/ij/, osme, a smell ; in allusion to the species having a fetid
smell). Forst. gen. t. 69. Lam. ill. 1. 186. and 854. Juss. mem.
mus. 6. p. 381. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 137.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 578.
LIN. SYST. Tetra-Heptdndiia, Digy'nia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a 5-7-lobed short limb (f. 110. a.). Corolla cam-
RUBIACE^E. CCVII. CAPROSMA. CCVIII. PHYLLIS. CCIX. GALOPINA. CCX. ANTHOSPERMUM.
635
FIG. 110.
panulately turbinate, with a short broad tube, a naked throat,
and 4-7 acute lobes (f. 110. ft. e.). Stamens 4-7 (f. 110. k.),
Style almost divided to the base into 2 parts ; the divisions fili-
form, very long, pilose (f. 110. c.), and exserted. Berry nearly
ovate, pulpy, containing 2-3 indehiscent, bony nuts (f. 110.
f.). Seeds flat on one side, and convex on the other : one in
each nut. Albumen bard, fleshy. Embryo with an inferior
radicle, and foliaceous cotyledons. — Glabrous shrubs, natives of
Australia. Leaves opposite, oval-oblong. Stipulas interpetiolar,
solitary on both sides, permanent. Flowers axillary and ter-
minal, solitary or few together on the same peduncle, bibrac-
teolate at the base, sometimes male by abortion. Fruit of
Coffea. Stigma of Anthospermum.
1 C. HIRTE'LLA (Labill. nov.
holl. 1. p. 70. t. 95.) leaves ob-
long, cuspidate ; peduncles sim-
ple ; flowers 3-5 together, axil-
lary or terminal, hermaphrodite ;
anthers inclosed ; styles very
long, hairy. T? . G. Native at
Cape Van Dieman. (F. 110.)
Hairy Caprosma. Sh. 8 feet.
2 C. F03TmissiMA(Forst.prod.
no. 138.) peduncles simple ;
flowers solitary ; anthers exsert-
ed. T? . G. Native of New Zea-
land. Leaves opaque. Herb
very fetid.
Very-fetid Caprosma. Shrub.
3 C. nfciDA (Forst. prod. no.
138.) leaves ovate, acuminated at both ends ; peduncles axillary,
compound ; flowers sub-capitate ; anthers exserted; lj . G.
Native of New Zealand. — C. lucida, Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 17.
t. 182. is probably distinct from Forster's plant, and even ap-
pears to belong to a different genus, as the fruit is said to be a
unilocular, 8-seeded berry.
Shining-leaved Caprosma. Shrub.
4 C. CUSPIDIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 578.) leaves oval, at-
tenuated at the base, and ending in a spine-formed point at the
apex ; flowers axillary, few, fasciculate, almost sessile. lj .
G. Native of Australia, at the Strait d'Entrecasteaux. The
flowers are probably dioecious, as in a specimen we examined
they were all female. Limb of calyx nearly entire. Lobes of
corolla 4-7, linear, striated by 3 parallel nerves. Anthers 1-3
at the top of the tube. Style solitary ? very hairy, elongated.
Berry ovate, 2-celled, crowned by the calyx. Stipulas trian-
gular, acuminated.
Cusp-leaved Caprosma. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Phyllis.
CCVIII. PHY'LLIS (<j>v\\ov, phyllon, a leaf; the leaves are
the chief beauty of the shrub). Lin. gen. no. 323. Gaertn.
fruct. 1. p. 123. t. 25. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 370. A. Rich,
mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 140. t. 12. f. 3. D. C. prod,
p. 578. — Nobula, Adans. fam. 2. p. 145. — Bupleuroides, Boerh.
— Valerianella, spec. Dill.
LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Digy'nia. Calyx with an obovate,
compressed tube, and an obsolete limb. Corolla with a short tube,
and a 5-lobed spreading limb. Stamens 5. Anthers sessile at
the throat. Style almost wanting. Stigmas 2. Capsule obovate,
compressed, narrow at the apex, divisible into twol-seeded parts,
or nuts, ex Gaertn. which hang from the central filiform axis,
as in the genus Knoxia, or as in umbelliferous plants, ex Rich ;
but according to others there is no central axis. Seeds erect,
conforming to the mericarps. Albumen fleshy. Embryo erect,
dorsal, with a filiform radicle, and cordate foliaceous cotyledons.
— Glabrous shrubs, with terete branches. Leaves opposite, or
3-4 in a whorl, acuminated. Stipulas membranous, adnate to
the petioles, and cleft into many filiform bristles. Panicles ter-
minal, compound. Flowers small, greenish white, but changing
to brownish as they fade. According to Cruse, ex Linnaea. 6.
p. 20. the fruit is shining, and the nuts are fixed by the base,
not hanging from a central filiform axis.
1 P. NOBLA (Lin. spec. p. 333.). ^ . G. Native of the Ca-
nary Islands.— Dill. elth. p. 405. t. 299. f. 386. Panicles many-
flowered. Leaves large.
Var. /3, pauciflbra (D. C. prod. 4. p. 579.) peduncles 1-3-
flowered, shorter than the leaves. Jj . G. Native of the Canary
Islands. P. pauci flora, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5.
p. 141.
Noble Bastard Hare's-ear. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1699. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand is a good soil for
this shrub ; and cuttings root freely, if planted in a pot of sand,
with a hand-glass over them.
CCIX. GALOPFNA (the meaning of this word is not given
by the author). Thunb. diss. nov. gen. 1. p. 3. Juss. mem.
mus. 6. p. 371. Cruse, rub. cap. p. 18. A. Rich. mem.
soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 140. D. C. prod. 4. p. 579. — Asthos-
permum, spec. Thunb. prod. — Phyllis, spec. Schlecht. and
Cruse.
LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Digy'nia. Flowers hermaphrodite.
Calyx with an obovate tube, and a very minute, nearly equal
limb. Corolla subrotate, 4-parted, almost cleft to the base.
Stamens 4, inserted in the bottom of the corolla. Anthers ob-
long. Styles 2, very short, each ending in a long hairy stigma.
Fruit obovate, rather didymous, somewhat compressed from the
back, and elegantly and gyrosely warted on the back, composed
of two 1 -seeded, indehiscent mericarps, joined by a concave
commissure, but at length separating from each other. — A gla-
brous herb, with the habit of Circce^a. Stem rather angular from
2 elevated lines which run from the stipulas, branched. Leaves
opposite, 1 to 3 inches long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, taper-
ing into the petioles, paler beneath, with serrulately-scabrous
margins. Stipulas trifurcate. Peduncles terminal and axillary,
the whole forming a large terminal, trichotomous panicle, which
is nearly a foot in diameter. Flowers small. Fruit dark
brown.
1 G. ciRC.EoiDES (Thunb. 1. c.). I/.? O-? G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Anthospermum Galopina, Thunb.
prod. p. 32. Phyllis Galopina, Schlecht. and Cruse, in Linnaea.
C. p. 20.
Enchantress's Nightshade-like Galopina. PL 2 feet.
Cult. See Phyllis above for culture and propagation.
CCX. ANTHOSPE'RMUM (from av0oc, anthos, a flower,
and trjrcppa, sperma, a seed). Lin. gen. no. 1164. Juss. gen.
178. Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 87. t. 195. Crus. rub. cap. p. 1.
A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 138. D. C. prod. 4. p.
579. Schlecht. and Cruse, in Linnsea. 6. p. 7. — Tournefortia,
Ponted. epist. 11. ex Gaertn. — Ambraria, Heist, but not of
Cruse.
LIN. SYST. Tetra-Pentdndria, Digy'nia, or Dice'cia Telra-rPen-
tandria. Flowers dioecious or hermaphrodite. Calyx with an
obovate tube, and a 4-5-toothed deciduous limb (f. 110. a.).
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a short tube, and a 4-5-parted limb
(f. 110. 6.); lobes linear or ovate-lanceolate, revolute, valvate
in aestivation. Stamens 4-5, inserted in the base of the tube of
the corolla (f. 110. c.). Anthers oblong, sub-tetragonal, ex-
serted. Styles 2, very short, connate? ending each in a long
4 M 2
636
RUBIACEJE. CCX. ANTHOSPERMUM. CCXI. AMBRARIA.
hairy stigma (f. 110. /.£.)• Frmt composed of 2 easily-sepa-
rated, indehiscent, 1 -seeded mericarps, which are a little com-
pressed at the raphe, and joined together by a flattish commis-
sure. Albumen sub-cartilaginous. Embryo dorsal, erect. —
Small shrubs or herbs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope.
Stems branched. Leaves linear or lanceolate, small, opposite or
verticillate. Stipulas adhering to the petioles at the base, drawn
out into a tooth in the middle. Flowers axillary, sessile, verti -
cillate or opposite, rarely panicled, small, furnished each with
2-3 bracteas at the base, usually dioecious. The male flowers
are always smaller than the female ones.
* Flowers dioecious, sessile in the axils of the leaves.
1 A. BERGIAINUM (Cruse, rub. cap. p. 8.) leaves linear-lanceo-
late, 3 in a whorl, imbricated, and connately perforate, ciliated ;
flowers pentandrous, disposed in a verticillate spike. Fj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stem branched, terete or
obsoletely angular, glabrous at the base, but clothed with long
white hairs above. Leaves pale green, having the margins and
keel ciliated with long white hairs, half an inch long. Whorles
3-flowered.
Bergius's Amber-tree. Shrub 1 foot.
2 A. jEimopicuM (Lin. spec. 1511.) leaves linear- lanceolate,
3 in a whorl, glabrous ; stipulas simple, short, acute ; flowers
tetrandrous, disposed in verticillate spikes ; mericarps elliptic,
clothed with white tubercles, crowned by the calycine teeth. Tj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, Cms. rub. cap. p. 10.
Gsertn. fruct. 3. p. 195. Lin. hort. cliff, t. 27. — Pluk. aim. t.
183. f. 1. — Ambraria Heisteri, Walth. hort. t. 9. Stem much
branched, downy above. Leaves shining above, and whitish
beneath, 2-3 lines long. Male flowers brownish, and the female
ones green.
Ethiopian Amber-tree. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1692. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
3 A. SPATULA'TUM (Spreng. neu. entd. 3. p. 45. syst. 1. p.
399.) leaves opposite, linear- spatulate, bluntish ; flowers axil-
lary, sub-verticillate ; mericarps oblong, warted ; branches
twiggy, erectly spreading, downy. ^ . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope, Cruse, rub. cap. p. 9. and p. 13. A. ^Ethiopi-
cum, var. /3, oppositifolium, Schlecht. and Cruse, in Linnaaa. 6.
p. 10. It differs from A. JEthiopicum in the opposite, linear-
spatulate leaves, and in the more loose habit. A. .fluhiopicum,
var. y, Ecklonianum, Schlecht. and Cruse, in Linnaea, 6. p. 10.
does not appear to differ much from this species.
Spalulate-]eaved Anthospermum. Shrub 2 feet.
4 A. CILIAVRE (Lin. spec. 1521.) leaves opposite, lanceolate,
acute, ciliated ; stipulas short, simple ; flowers axillary, tetran-
drous ; mericarps obovate, glabrous, shining, destitute of the
calycine limb. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope,
Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 195. Cruse, rub. cap. p. 9. and p- 13.
A. galioides, Rchb. in Spreng. syst. 4. p. 338. — Pluk. mant. t.
344. f. 5. Stem usually decumbent, much branched ; branches
angular, downy. Leaves glabrous, and green above, but white
beneath, connate at the base. Lobes of the corolla hairy out-
side. Anthers white. — The A. galioides, Rchb. differs from this
in the leaves being rusty beneath.
Ciliated-leaved Amber-tree. Shrub decumbent.
5 A. LANCEOLA'TUM (Thunb. prod. 32. fl. cap. p. 157.) leaves
opposite, lanceolate, acute, glabrous, spreading ; stipulas pro-
foundly bifid ; flowers axillary, sub-verticillate, tetrandrous, and
often pentandrous ; mericarps ovate-oblong, glabrous. lj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, Cruse, rub. cap. p. 12. A.
herbaceum, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 440. Stem procumbent, glabrous,
brownish purple. Branches sub- tetragonal, purplish, downy at
the apex. Leaves an inch long, connate at the base, paler be-
neath, and whitish. Habit of Galiunt,
Lanceolate-leaved Amber-tree. Shrub procumbent.
6 A. HIRTUM (Cruse, rub. cap. p. 11.) leaves opposite, lanceo-
late, acute, ciliated while young, hairy at the base ; stipulas sim-
ple, subulate, hairy ; flowers axillary, pentandrous ; mericarps
unknown. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on
mountains. A. rubiaceum, Rchb. in Spreng. syst. 4. p. 338.
A. lanceolatum, Sieb. fl. cap. no. 90. A. hirsutum, D. C. prod.
4. p. 580. Stem purplish brown, branched, beset with white
hairs about the axils of the leaves. Branches purple, hairy.
Leaves an inch long, connate at the base. Stipulas hairy, of a
shining green colour above, but whitish beneath.
Hairy Amber-tree. Shrub 1 foot.
7 A. SCA'BRVJM (Thunb. prod. 32. fl. cap. p. 158.) leaves
opposite, linear, somewhat trigonal, acuminated, having the mar-
gins and keel scabrous ; stipulas simple, very short ; flowers
axillary, pentandrous. I? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, on the mountains. Stem decumbent at the base, branched
a little. Branches aggregate, twiggy, cinereous at the base, and
rather scabrous at the apex, leafy. Leaves ^ to 1 inch long,
connate at the base.
Scabrous Amber-tree. Shrub \ decumbent.
* * Flowers dioecious, panicled.
8 A. PANICULA'TUM (Cruse, rub. cap. p. 9. and p. 15. t. 1.
f. 2.) leaves opposite, linear-subspatulate ; stipulas short, sim-
ple ; flowers panicled, tetrandrous ; mericarps glabrous, with 3
ribs. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stem
fuscescent, branched from the base ; branches downy. Leaves
glabrous, bluntish, pale on the lower surface, hardly \ an inch
long. Panicle terminal, narrow, elongated. Fruit crowned by
the calycine teeth.
Panicled-fiovtered Amber-tree. Shrub 1 to 1J foot.
* * * Flowers hermaphrodite.
9 A. LICHTENSTEINII (Crus. rub. cap. p. 15.) leaves opposite,
linear, keeled, glabrous, ciliated ; stipulas simple, ciliated ;
flowers axillary, verticillate ; mericarps hairy. Tj . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Spermacoce ericaefolia, Licht. in
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 281. Stem branched, glabrous
at bottom, and downy at top. Branches naked at the base.
Leaves connate at the base, mucronate. Flowers tetrandrous.
Lichtenstein's Amber-tree. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
10 A. SPERMACOCEUM (Rchb. in Spreng. syst. 4. p. 338.)
leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate, with scabrous margins ; sti-
pulas entire ; flowers axillary, solitary, pedicellate, pentandrous ;
calyx 5-toothed. 1( . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Stem herbaceous, flexuous, rather angular, branched, glabrous,
but downy at the apex. Leaves connate at the base. Stipulas
pilose, cleft into bristles.
Spermacoce-\\ke Amber-tree. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. See Phi/His, p. 635. for culture and propagation.
CCXI. AMBRA'RIA (a name formerly applied to the genus
Anthospermum by Heister, and is probably derived from Cape
Ambra, in Madagascar). Cruse, rub. cap. p. 16. t. 1. f. 3-4.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 580. but not of Heister. A. Rich. mem. soc.
hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 139. t. 12. f. 2.
LIN. SYST. Dias~cia, Tetr&ndria. Flowers dioecious, of the
same structure as those of Anthospermum, but differs from that
genus in the capsule being 3-celled, the intermediate cell vacant,
.and the lateral ones 1 -seeded. The rest as in Anthospermum.
1 A. HI'RTA (Cruse, rub. cap. p. 17. t. 1. f. 2.) leaves 3 in a
whorl, connately perfoliate ; fruit tornentosely hairy. Tp . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Shrub much branched from
the base, hairy at the top. Leaves linear, subtriquetrous, gla-
brous, connate at the base, with the margins and keel ciliated,
RUBIACE^E. CCXI. AMBRARIA. CCXII. SHERARDIA. CCXIII. ASPERULA.
637
at length imbricated and deciduous. Stipulas hardly prominent,
ciliated. Flowers axillary, verticillate. According to Cham, et
Schlecht. Cliffortia cinerea, Lin. is a synonyme of this.
Hairy Ambraria. Shrub \ to % foot.
2 A. GLA'BRA (Cruse, rub. cap. p. 17. t. 1. f. 3.) leaves 3 in
a whorl, connately perfoliate ; fruit obovately subglobose, gla-
brous. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Nenax
acerbsa, Gaertn. fruct. t. 32. f. 7. Young branches reddish.
Leaves linear, subtriquetrous, glabrous, serrulately ciliated on
the margin and keel, 3-6 lines long, and £ to 1 broad. Flowers
axillary, subverticillate.
Glabrous Ambraria. Shrub \ to -J foot.
Cult. See Phyllis, p. 635. for culture and propagation.
Tribe XII.
STELLAvTj£ (from stellatus, starry ; the leaves and stipu-
las form whorles, resembling the rays of a star). Ray, syn. p.
223. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 220. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 580. — Aparmeae, Link, (1809). — Galeae, Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. (1818) 3. p. 335. — Asperuleae, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist,
nat. Par. (1830) 5. p. 126. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely of
different sexes. Corolla rotate or funnel-shaped ; lobes valvate
in aestivation. Styles 2, almost distinct from the base, or more
or less combined in one. Stigmas capitate. Fruit constantly
of 2 indehiscent 1 -seeded mericarps. Seeds hardly distinct
from the pericarp and calyx. Albumen horny. — Usually herbs,
rarely small shrubs. Leaves opposite, bearing each a bud in the
axils, furnished with 1-2 or 3 leaf-formed stipulas between the
leaves on both sides, which are destitute of buds, and form
whorles along with them. Roots usually red, furnishing a red
dye, as the madder. — The leaves are only to be distinguished
from the stipulas in having buds in their axils.
CCXII. SHERA'RDIA (named by Dillenius after his patron
William Sherard, LL.D., consul at Smyrna). Dill. gen. 3. Lin.
gen. no. 120. Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 110. t. 24. A. Rich. mem.
soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 129. D. C. prod. 4. p. 581. — Dillenia,
Heister. — Aparines spec. Tourn.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate tube,
and a 4-6-toothed permanent limb. Corolla funnel-shaped, with
a terete tube, and a 4-lobed limb. Stamens 4. Style 1, 2-lobed
at the apex ; stigmas capitellate. Fruit dry, crowned by the
calyx, divisible into two mericarps; mericarps 1 -seeded, inde-
hiscent, flat on one side, and convex on the other. — An annual
herb, native of Europe. Leaves opposite, with 1-2 stipulas on
each side, obovate, acute, scabrous, forming whorles. Flowers
small, red, capitate, almost sessile, girded or involucrated by
the uppermost whorl of leaves.
1 S. ARVE'NSIS (Lin. spec. p. ]49.) Q. H. Native of Europe
and Tauria, very common in fields in sandy soil ; plentiful in
many parts of Britain in fallow fields and among corn. Fl. dan.
t. 439. Curt. lond. 5. t. 13. Smith, engl. hot. t. 891. Schkuhr,
handb. t. 22. — Barrel, icon. t. 541. Root with many reddish
brown fibres. The whole plant rough and hairy. Leaves rough
along the edges and keel, 4-6 in a whorl.
Corn Field-madder. Fl. April, Sept. Britain. PL -£ to ^ ft.
N. B. Sherardia fruticosa (Lin. spec. 149.) stem shrubby ;
leaves 4 in a whorl, equal; flowers axillary, fj . G. Native of
the island of Ascension. Stipulas very short, subulate, interfo-
liaceous. Corolla white. Fruit unknown. This plant appears
to be intermediate between Diodia and Spermacoce.
Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in the open ground
in a dry situation.
CCXIII. ASPE'RULA (a dim. of asper, rough ; leaves).
Lin. gen. no. 121. Juss. gen. 196. Lam. ill. t. 61. Gsertn. fil.
carp. 3. p. 89. t. 195. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p.
130. t. 11. f. 1. D. C. prod. 4. p. 581.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia, Calyx with an ovate
didymous tube, and a very short 4-toothed deciduous or ob-
solete limb. Corolla funnel-shaped, rarely campanulate, 4-
cleft, rarely 3-cleft. Styles 2, joined together at the base, and
nearly to the apex. Fruit didymous, not crowned by the calyx,
dry, or hardly fleshy ; mericarps easily separated, indehiscent,
1-seeded. — Herbs, rarely small shrubs. Stems and branches
usually tetragonal. Leaves opposite, with 1-2-3 stipulas on each
side ; they are therefore called 4 to 8 in a whorl, but between
the uppermost leaves there are no stipulas. Flowers terminal
and axillary, in fascicles.
§ 1. Sherardiana (this section only contains plants with the
habit of Sherardia). B.C. prod. 4. p. 581. Annual plants.
Corollas tubularly funnel-shaped.
1 A. ARVE'NSIS (Lin. spec. p. 149.) plant erect, smoothish ;
leaves 6-10 in a whorl, lanceolate-linear, a little ciliated ; lower
ones obovate : floral ones ciliated with long hairs ; corymbs fas-
cicled, terminal, many flowered ; flowers sessile ; fruit glabrous.
O- H. Native of Europe and Caucasus, in fields and arid
stony places. A. cceriilea, Dod. pempt. p. 355. Lob. icon. t.
801. f. 2. A. ciliata, Mosnch. meth. p. 484. A. dubia, Willd.
herb, ex Spreng. Roots yellow. Under surface of leaves whitish
from adpressed hairs. This differs from all the other species of
Asperula in the flowers being blue. It differs from Sherardia
in the capsule not being crowned by the calyx, in the blunter
leaves, and in the floral leaves being ciliated. Anthers yellow.
Cornfald Woodroof. Fl. July. Clt. 1596. PI. | to 1 foot.
2 A. CILIA'RIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 582.) stems ascending, an-
gular, glabrous ; leaves 6-9 in a whorl, lanceolate-linear, acute,
and are as well as the bracteas, serrated by stiff ciliae ; flowers
almost sessile, disposed in a terminal subumbellate corymb, pen-
tandrous ; style exserted. — Native of Persia, where it was col-
lected by Gmelin. Corollas glabrous, 5-6 lines long. Stamens 5.
Ciliated-leaved Woodroof. PI. ascending.
3 A. TRICHOVDES (Gay, in litt. 1829. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 582.)
stems erect, simple at the base, branched at the apex, glabrous ;
leaves glabrous, subulately filiform, equal in length to the inter-
nodes : cauline ones 10-16 in a whorl, and the rameal ones 2-6
in a whorl ; pedicels solitary, almost axillary ; corollas small,
downy outside, trifid ; fruit obovate, clothed with very short
down. Q. H. Native of the north of Persia. Stem very
smooth, white, 7-10 inches high. Leaves an inch long, scabrous.
Corolla greenish-white, with a slender terete tube, and oblong
awnless lobes. Stamens 3.
Hairy Woodroof. PI. | to 1 foot.
§ 2. Cyn&nchicce (this section agrees with A. cyndnchica in the
corollas being funnel-shaped). D. C. prod. 4. p. 582. Plants
perennial. Corollas tubularly funnel-shaped.
4 A. TAURI'NA (Lin. spec. 150.) plant smoothish, erect;
leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved, with finely
ciliated margins ; corymbs pedunculate, axillary, fasciculately
umbellate, involucrated ; bracteas ciliated ; fruit glabrous, and
rather scabrous. If.. H. Native ofDauphiny, Piedmont, Swit-
zerland, Carniola, Iberia, &c. on hills in shady places. A. tri-
nervia, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 376. Galium Taurinum, Scop. earn,
no. 148.— Lob. icon. t. 800. f. 1. — Moris, hist. sect. 9. t. 21.
f. 1.. — Hall. helv. no. 732. Leaves broad. Corollas white,
elongated. Anthers violaceous, exserted.
Bull Woodroof. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1739. PI. 1 foot.
5 A. LJEVIGA'TA (Lin. mant. p. 38.) plant glabrous, ascending;
leaves 4 in a whorl, elliptic, nerved, with finely scabrous mar-
gins ; cymes corymbose, pedunculate, axillary or nearly terminal;
corolla with a short tube ; fruit glabrous, scabrous from elevated
6.38
RUBIACEjE. CCXIII. ASPERULA.
dots. I/ . H. Native of the south of Europe, in rugged places
and in woods, from Narbonne to Constantinople. Willd. spec,
1. p. 579. exclusive of Barrel, syn. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3344. A.
rotundifolia, Lam. diet. 1. p. 298. — Moris, oxon. 3. sect. 9. t.
21. f. 4. — Bocc. sic. p. 10. t. 11. f. 5. Flowers white.
Smooth Woodroof. Fl. June. Clt. 1775. PI. | to 1 foot
ascending.
6 A. HEXAPHV'LLA (All. ped. no. 48. t. 77. f. 3.) plant as-
cending, glabrous ; leaves 6 in a whorl, linear, spreading, acute,
with revolute scabrous margins ; cymes terminal ; flowers ag-
gregate, umbellate ; bracteas glabrous, acute, shorter than the
flowers. I/ . H. Native of Piedmont, on the lower Alps about
Tende and Saorgio. A. Allioni, Baumg. enum. trans. 1. p. 80.
Corolla purple outside, but white within.
Var. ft, rig'idula (D. C. prod. 4. p. 582.) leaves stiffer and
blunter than those of the species, and the floral ones are obovate.
I/ . H. Native of Sicily, in the fissures of calcareous rocks by
the sea side. A. hexaphylla, Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 166.
There are glabrous and downy variations of this plant. _
Six-leaved Woodroof. PI. -J foot.
7 A. GRA'CILIS (Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 52.) plant perennial,
smooth, glabrous ; stems filiform, much branched, diffuse ; leaves
4 in a whorl, equal, elliptic, bluntish, with rather scabrous mar-
gins : upper ones opposite ; umbels terminal, few-flowered ; co-
rolla 4-5- cleft, almost glabrous, with obtuse segments ; style
semibifid ; mericarps smooth, glabrous. If.. H. Native of
Caucasus, in alpine places at the river Malka.
Slender Woodroof. PI. diffuse.
8 A. HI'RTA (Ramond, bull. phil. no. 41. p. 131. t. 9. f. 1.
2-3.) plant tufted, erectish ; leaves 6 in a whorl, linear, acute,
hairy, longer than the internodes ; flowers aggregately umbel-
late, terminal, sessile, exceeding the bracteas ; fruit glabrous.
If. . H. Native of the central Pyrenees, on the higher ranges
on dry banks. A. nov. spec. St. Amans, trav. pyr. 194. Corollas
white, purplish outside. In cultivation the plant becomes smooth,
and is then referrible to A. hexaphylla.
Hairy Woodroof. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI. | foot.
9 A. TINCTORIA (Lin. spec. 150.) plant erectish, glabrous ;
leaves linear : lower ones 6 in a whorl : middle ones 4, and the
uppermost ones opposite ; floral leaves ovate ; flowers usually
trifid. I/ . H. Native of Europe, on hills in arid stony places.
A. rubeola ft, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 375. Galium tinctorium, Scop,
earn. no. 149. — Tabern. icon. t. 733. f. 2. Roots large, creep-
ing, reddish, and are used in Gothland instead of madder for
dyeing red. Plant procumbent, unless supported. Stem 1-2
feet long, purplish. Flowers usually by threes. Corollas white,
reddish on the outside. Very like A. cynanchica.
Dyers' Woodroof. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1764. PI. 1 to
2 feet.
10 A. CYNA'NCHICA (Lin. spec. p. 151.) plant glabrous,
erectish ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear : lower ones small, oblong,
upper ones opposite ; floral ones lanceolate-linear, acuminately
awned; flowers terminal, quadrifid'; fruit granulated. I/. H.
Native of Europe, in dry gravelly places ; abundant in many parts
of England on chalky downs. Smith, engl. bot. t. 33. Berg. phyt.
t. 81. Rubia cynanchica, J. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 723. with a figure.
Asp. rubeola a, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 375. A. tinctoria var. ft, Lam.
diet. 1. p. 298. Galium cynanchicum, Scop. earn. no. 147. Herb
variable in habit. Stems prostrate, dichotomously branched.
The flowers grow on erect branches, forming a fastigiate corymb,
white or blush-coloured, elegantly marked with red lines, and
sometimes they are pure white. Dalechamp seems to be the chief
authority for the reputation this plant formerly acquired in the
cure of quinsies. He says it should be applied externally, as
well as taken internally, but it is now entirely out of use.
Var. ft, heterophylla (B.C. prod. 4. p. 583.) decumbent;
leaves of the sterile branches ovate, and of the flowering ones
linear. I/ . H. Native of the Pyrenees, in sandy places. A.
Pyreniica, Lin. herb. A. cynanchica ft and y, D. C. suppl. fl. fr.
p. 493. A. rubeola, Gratel, in bull. soc. hist. nat. bord. 1. p.
311.?
Var. ft, saxatilis (D. C. suppl. p. 495. var. 3,) plant tufted,
erect; leaves linear, length of internodes. Tf.. H. Native of
the Pyrenees, among stones and on rocks. A. Pyrenaica, Lin.
spec. 151.? A. saxatilis, Lam. ill. no. 139. A. multiflora,
Lapeyr. abr. p. 62. ex Benth.
Var. S, elongata (Stev. inlitt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 583.) plant
elongated, erect ; leaves linear, shorter than the internodes. Tf. .
H. Native of Tauria and Caucasus. A. cynanchica, Bieb. fl.
taur.
Quinsy Woodroof. Fl. July. England. PI. f to 1 foot.
11 A. SUPINA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 101.) glabrous; stem
much branched at the base, procumbent ; leaves 4 in. a whorl,
linear, acute : lower ones imbricately crowded ; peduncles 3-
flowered, axillary and terminal, rather panicled ; corolla with a
terete tube, and 4 oblong lobes ; fruit glabrous. I/. H. Native
of Tauria and Caucasus, in the fissures of calcareous rocks, and
in gravelly places. A. cynanchica ft, Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 406.
Very nearly allied to A. cynanchica, but the flowers are white,
not as in it, blush-coloured. Internodes of the stem short.
Supine Woodroof. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. PI. pr.
12 A. LONGIFLORA (Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 2. t. 150.)
stems numerous from the same neck, erectish, glabrous ; leaves
4 in a whorl, linear : lower ones small, obovate : upper ones op-
posite ; fascicles of flowers terminal, pedunculate ; bracteas
small, subulate ; tube of corolla elongated ; fruit glabrous,
smooth. Tf. . H. Native of Croatia, Carniola, and Carinthia, in
mountainous places, and on rocks. A. suaveolens, Schrad. in litt.
1815. Corolla whitish, yellowish inside, and reddish outside.
Stems weak.
Long-flowered Woodroof. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. | ft.
13 A. BREVIFOLIA (Vent. hort. eels. p. 63. t. 63.) plant gla-
brous, decumbent ; leaves 4 in a whorl, very short, distant : up-
permost ones opposite ; flowers axillary, solitary on short pedi-
cels, and in termiral fascicles ; corolla 4-cleft ; style bipartite to
the base. I/ . H. Native of Caramania, near Cylindre on
mountains. Stem much branched. Corollas at first yellowish-
green, but at length becoming purplish.
Short-leaved Woodroof. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. dec.
14 A. LU'TEA (Smith, fl. graec. t. 120.) stems erect ; leaves 4 in
a whorl, linear, glabrous, mucronate ; flowers in fascicles, downy,
awned. Tf. . H. Native of Mount Parnassus. Rubeola Cre-
tica saxatilis frutescens flore luteo, Tourn. cor. p. 5. Flowers
yellow. Fascicles of flowers spicate.
re/tow-flowered Woodroof. PI. 1 foot.
15 A. ARISTA'TA (Lin. fil. suppl. 120.) plant erect, glabrous;
leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, acute : upper ones opposite : the
floral ones like the rest, but smaller ; flowers in terminal fasci-
cles ; lobes of corolla bluntly awned. I/ . H. Native of the
south of Europe, Sicily, &c. Flowers usually by threes, pale
yellow.
Far. ft, flaccida (D. C. prod. 4. p. 583.) plant diffuse ;
branches divaricate, pendulous ; pedicels usually 2-flowered.
%. H. Native of the kingdom of Naples, in rocky places. A.
flaccida, Tenore, append. 4. prod. p. 8. A. cynanchica a,
Tenore, prod. xii. A. longiflora, Tenore, fl. med. p. 89.
^wnerf-flowered Woodroof. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI.
^ to 1 foot.
16 A. MONTA'NA (Willd. enum. p. 151.) glabrous; stem flac-
cid ; leaves linear : lower ones 6 in a whorl : middle ones 4,
upper ones opposite ; floral leaves linear ; flowers in fascicles ;
corollas 4-cleft, scabrous externally. If. , H. Native of Hun-
RUBIACE^E. CCXIII. ASPERULA.
639
gary, on hills in woods. Link, enum. 1. p. 134. Corolla blush.
Perhaps sufficiently distinct from A. tinctoria.
Mountain Woodroof. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1801. PI. | to
to | foot.
17 A. HIRSU TA (Desf. fl. all. 1. p. 127.) plant erect or ascend-
ing ; leaves 6 in a whorl, linear, acute, with revolute margins :
lower ones and tops of stems glabrous ; flowers in fascicled um-
bels, rising from the tops of the stem or branches ; bracteas
hardly exceeding the ovaries ; fruit glabrous. 3£. H. Native
of Algiers and Algarves, on chalky and sandy hills. Rubeola
Lusitanica, &c. Tourn. inst. p, 130. A. repens, Brot. phyt. lus.
1. no. 10. t. 10. A. Algerica, Pers. ench. 1. p. 124. Rubia
repens, &c. Grisl. vir. no. 1244. Stem hairy at bottom. Leaves
glaucous. Flowers subcapitate, red. In cultivation this plant
becomes smooth.
Hairy Woodroof. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
18 A. TOMENTOSA (Ten. prod. xii. fl. neap. t. 9.) plant ascend-
ing or diffuse, clothed with velvety tomentum ; leaves 4 in a
whorl, linear, with revolute margins : lower ones obovate ;
flowers terminal or axillary, S-10 in a fascicle ; bracteas rather
shorter than the flowers. "%.. H. Native of Goats' Island,
near Naples, in arid places. Herb branched from the base.
Stem tetragonal. Stipular leaves the longest. Tube of corolla
longish. Corolla red. A crassifolia, Lin. mant. p. 37. does
not seem to differ from the present plant. Perhaps A. scabra,
Link, enum. 1. p. 134. is also the same.
Var. j8, semiglabra (D. C. prod. 4. p. 584.) lower part of
herb velvety ; upper part and flowers glabrous. % . H. Native
along with the species, and probably of Sicily at Cafalu. A.
commutata, Presl, fl. sic. prod. p. 62. ? Rcem. et Schultes, syst.
3. p. 267. ?
Tomentose Woodroof. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1795. PI. |
to | foot.
19 A. INCA'NA (Smith, fl. grasc. t. 119.) stems villous at the
base, and smoothish at top ; leaves 6 in a whorl, linear, hoary ;
flowers downy, in terminal fascicles. If. . H. Native of Candia,
on the Sphaceotic mountains. Flowers pale red.
Hoary Woodroof. PI. | to f foot.
20 A. ARCADIE'NSIS (Sims, bot. mag. t. 2146.) plant hoary,
decumbent ; leaves 6 in a whorl, oblong-ovate, acute, with re-
volute edges ; flowers terminal and axillary, aggregate, sessile ;
style bifid at top. "}/ . F. Native of Arcadia, on Mount
Tyria. A small hoary plant, with rose-coloured flowers. Ga-
lium Graevcum, Hort.
Arcadian Woodroof. Fl. May. Clt. 1819. PI. 2 to 3
inches.
21 A. DE'BILIS (Led. hort. dorp, suppl. 1824. p. 2.) plant
hispid from pili ; leaves 6 in a whorl : upper 4 in a whorl, linear-
lanceolate, scabrous above, and keel smooth ; umbels lateral,
pedunculate, 3-flowered ; corolla funnel-shaped ; fruit granular.
If.. H. Native of Tauria, near Bachtschisarai.
Weak Woodroof. PI. \ foot.
22 A. NITIDA (Smith, fl. graec. t. 124.) glabrous ; stems dif-
fuse, densely tufted, as well as the leaves ; leaves 4 in a whorl,
shining, glaucescent: lower ones oval, the rest linear, acute,
awned, revolute ; fascicles terminal, 3-4-flowered, length of
leaves ; lobes of corolla awned ; tube terete, wide ; fruit gla-
brous, rather rugged. •y.. H. Native of Sicily, on rocky
and gravelly mountains, and on Mount Olympus, in Bithynia.
Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 168. Flowers purplish. Very like A.
hexaphyllum.
Nitid Woodroof. PL tufted, £ foot.
23 A. SCA'BRA (Presl. del. prag. p. 124. but not of Link.)
stem scabrous, diffuse, kneed ; leaves 4 in a whorl : lower ones
oblong downy : upper ones glabrous, linear, unequal, opposite,
small, awned ; flowers in fascicles ; corollas scabrous, with the
lobes mucronate ; style bipartite to the base, 1£ . H. Native
of Sicily, on dry mountains ; of Spain, in arid places ; and of
Portugal, on the banks of theTagus and Douro. Guss. prod. fl.
sic. 1. p. 167. A. digyna, Dufour, ann. gen. sc. phys. 7. p. 295.
A. macrorhlza, Link. fl. port. 2. p. 41. t. 84. Stems exactly
quadrangular. Flowers purplish white. Habit of A. longi-
flora, but differs from it in the lower leaves and flowers being
downy.
Scabrous Woodroof. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
24 A. ALPINA (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 103.) the whole plant,
as well as the corollas and ovaries are downy ; stems procum-
bent, much branched, tetragonal ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear,
acute : upper ones nearly equal, spreading ; cymes terminal,
crowded, 5-7-flowered ; lobes of corolla 4. I/. H. Native of
Eastern Caucasus, on the Alps. A. cynanchica, var. y, Stev.
in mem. soc. mosc. 3. p. 253. Meyer, verz.pfl. p. 406. Flowers
white, or tinged with red. Leaves shorter and broader than in
A. cynanchica, and the lower ones blunter.
Alpine Woodroof. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. \ foot.
25 A. CRETA'CEA (Willd. in Roam. et. Schultes, syst. 3. p.
529.) stems tufted, prostrate ; leaves 6 in a whorl, lanceolate :
the whorles so close as to be imbricated ; flowers terminal,
aggregate. I/ . H. Native of Siberia, in chalky places.
Cretaceous Woodroof. PI. prostrate.
26 A. LITTORA'LIS (Smith, fl. graec. t. 122.) stem downy;
leaves linear, 4 in a whorl, scabrous on the margins and stem
(almost hoary, according to D'Urv.) : floral ones opposite ;
flowers quadrifid, pilose ; fruit hispid. If. . H. Native on the
shores of the Euxine Sea, on hills. Flowers pale red. Fasci-
cles of flowers disposed in terminal panicles.
Sea-shore Woodroof. PI. procumbent.
27 A. NEGLE'CTA (Guss. pi. rar. 69. t. 13. f. 1.) stems nu-
merous, hairy, ascending ; leaves 4 in a whorl, hairy, acute,
longer than the internodes : lower ones obtuse ; flowers in ter-
minal fascicles ; mericarps globose, hispid. T£. H. Native of
Abruzzo and Sardinia, in alpine places. Corolla white inside,
and reddish outside, and downy. Bracteas ovate. Said to be
allied to A. litloralis.
Neglected Woodroof. PI. decumbent.
28 A. NITENS (Guss. pi. rar. 70. t. 13. f. 2.) plant smooth ;
stems tufted, decumbent ; leaves 4 in a whorl, awned, longer
than the internodes, shining, quite glabrous : lower ones the
broadest ; flowers in terminal fascicles ; lobes of corolla awned ;
mericarps tubercularly muricated. If.. H. Native of Abruzzo,
in arid, alpine situations. Flowers white inside, and purplish
outside. Very like A. neglecla, and probably only a variety
of it.
Shining Woodroof. PI. decumbent.
29 A. R!GIDA (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 121.) stems diffuse,
downy ; leaves linear, 4 in a whorl, superior ones opposite ;
flowers scattered ; fruit glabrous. %. H. Native of Candia,
on hills and in fields, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 270. exclu-
sive of the syn. of Lois. Leaves rather scabrous. Flowers pale
red, disposed in terminal and lateral few-flowered fascicles.
Stiff Woodroof. PI. | to 1 foot.
30 A. SUBEROSA (Smith, fl. graec. t. 123.) stems tufted, as-
cending ; root corky ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, rather hoary ;
lobes of the corolla awnless. !(.. H. Native of Greece, on
high rocks. Stems downy. Flowers rose-coloured, disposed in
subspicate fascicles.
Cor%-rooted Woodroof. PI. \ to \ foot.
§ 3. Gal'uAdece (the plants contained in this section agree
with Galium, in having campanulate flowers). D. C. prod. 4.
p. 585. Perennial plants. Corollas campanulate.
31 A. LONGIFOLIA (Smith, fl, graec. t. 118.) stems smooth;
640
RUBIACEJE. CCXIII. ASPERULA. CCXIV. CRUCIANELLA.
leaves 8 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, deflexed, with rather sca-
brous margins ; panicles capillary, many-flowered ; fruit smooth.
If.. H. Native of Turkey, about Constantinople. Flowers
white, campanulately funnel-shaped. Habit of a species of Galium.
Long-leaved Woodroof. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 3
feet, diffuse.
32 A. ODORA'TA (Dod. pempt. p. 355.) plant glabrous, erect,
or ascending ; stems simple ; leaves 8 in a whorl, lanceolate,
smooth, with serrulately scabrous edges ; corymbs terminal,
pedunculate ; fruit hispid. 7/ . H. Native of Europe, Si-
beria, and Caucasus, in shady places and woods ; plentiful in
Britain. (Ed. fl. dan. t. 562. Lam. ill. t. 61. Mill. fig. t. 55.
Smith, eng. bot. t. 755. Blackw. t. 60. Galium odoratum,
Scop. earn. no. 158. Root creeping a little below the surface
of the soil. Stems tetragonal. Corymbs usually trifid, each
division bearing about 4 flowers. Flowers snowy white. The
plant is without scent when fresh, but when dried diffuses an
odour like that of vernal grass. It is said to give a grateful
flavour to wine ; and when kept among clothes, not only to im-
part an agreeable perfume to them, but to preserve them from
insects. Turner calls the plant Wood-rose, or Wood-rowel.
Gerard, Woodrowe, Woodronell, and Woodrooffe ; and Parkin-
son, Woodroofe. In modern times it is called Woodroof, or
Woodruff. These names are derived from the place of its natural
growth, in woods, and from the whorles, ruffs, or rowels of
leaves.
Sweet-scented or common Woodroof. Fl. May, June, Britain.
PI. | to | foot.
33 A. APARINE (Bieb. fl. taur. p. 102. and suppl. 105. Bess,
fl. gall. 1. p. 114.) branches diffuse, straggling, with scabrous
angles ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, oblong or lanceolate, scabrous,
having the keel and margins beset with small retrograde
prickles ; peduncles axillary, branched, disposed in a loose fasci-
culate panicle ; corolla short, tubular ; fruit granular. H.. H.
Native of Galicia, Tauria, Caucasus, Volhynia, Russia at Mos-
cow, Siberia, and Greece, in boggy, grassy places. Rchb. pi.
crit. 1. t. 93. f. 198. Galium uliginosum, Pall. ind. taur. Asp.
rivalis, Sibth. and Smith, fl. greec. 1. 117. Angles of stems sca-
brous from retrograde prickles. Flowers white, campanulately
funnel-shaped. Very much the habit of Galium aparine, but
stronger. Herb scabrous all over.
Cleavers' Woodroof. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. strag-
g'ing-
34 A. PANICULA'TA (Bunge in Ledeb. fl. alt. ill. t. 301. fl. alt.
1. p. 140.) stems tetragonal, glabrous; lower leaves 4 in a
whorl : the rest 6, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, with scabrous
margins ; flowers terminal and axillary, panicled ; panicle dif-
fuse; corollas campanulate ; fruit smooth. I/. H. Native of
Siberia, in grassy parts of mountains at the rivers Tscharysch
and Sentelek, and in sandy places at the river Katunja. Leaves
rather glaucous beneath. Corollas white, with obtuse seg-
ments.
Panicled-fiowered Woodroof. PI. 1 foot.
35 A. SUBVELTJTINA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 585.) stems many,
branched, erect, velvety from small down ; leaves 5-8 in a whorl,
broad-linear, obtuse, rather velvety ; flowers verticillate, and
capitate at the tops of the branches ; floral leaves small ; co-
rollas campanulate ; fruit glabrous, il . H. Native of Persia,
on Mount Elwend, where it was collected by Olivier and Bru-
guiere. Old stems permanent, white, and glabrous. Leaves 6
lines long, and a line broad.
Rather-velvety Woodroof. PI. | to 1 foot.
36 A. GALiotoEs (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 101. and suppl. p. 104.)
plant glabrous ; stems terete, ascending ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl,
linear, glaucous ; peduncles dichotomous, terminal, corymbose ;
corollas campanulate ; fruit glabrous, smooth. If. . H. Native
of Middle and South Europe, even to Tauria and Caucasus, in
stony places. Galium glaucum, and probably Galium monta-
num, var. Lin. spec. 156. Asp. glauca, Bess. Galium Hal-
leri, Sut. fl. helv. 1. p. 88. Galium campanulatum, Vill.
dauph. 2. p. 326. Galium grandiflorum, Clairv. man. p. 41.
Flowers white. Plant glaucous. — This is a very variable plant,
and is intermediate between Galium and Asperula. Stems
either terete or bluntly sub-tetragonal, erectish or diffuse,
smooth or scabrous at the base. Leaves with revolute or flat
margins, obtuse or mucronulate. — See Jacq. fl. austr. t. 84. Vill.
dauph. t. 7. Bocc. mus. 2. t. 116.
Var. ft, Tyraica (D. C. prod. 4. p. 585.) stems erect, hispid
at the base ; lower leaves rather hispid, y. . H. Native about
Tyra and elsewhere, in stony places. Asperula Tyraica, Bess,
enum. cont. p. 42. Galium glaucum, var. Requien, in. herb.
B.C.
Galmm-like Woodroof. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1710. PI. | to | ft.
37 A. HUMIFU'SA (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 105.) stems pros-
trate, much branched, hispid, tetragonal ; leaves 6 in a whorl,
linear, spreadingly reflexed, with scabrous edges : lowermost
ones 8 in a whorl ; pedicels axillary, usually by threes, 1 -
flowered ; corolla sub-campanulate, with a short tube ; fruit
glabrous. 7£ . H. Native of Tauria, Caucasus, at the Don,
and on Mount Beschtau, Podolia, and about Theodosia, ex
D'Urv. enum. p. 15. G&Iium humifusum, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p.
104. Ledeb. in Schrad. neu. journ. 4. t. 1. p. 59. Flowers
white.
Trailing Woodroof. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. prostrate.
•j- Species not sufficiently known.
38 A. TOURNEFORTH (Sieb. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 395.) stems
suffruticose ; leaves obovate-oblong, quite glabrous, glaucous ;
whorles of flowers approximate; flowers sub-fasciculate, hispid.
I/ . H. Native of Candia.
Tournefort's Woodroof. PI. suffruticose.
39 A. UMBELLA'TA (Willd. herb, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 586.)
%. H. Native of Hungary. This is the same as A. hexaphylla,
ex Spreng. syst. but according to Stevens, obs. mss. it differs in
the flowers being shorter.
Umbellate-dowered Woodroof. PI.
40 A. INVOLUCRA'TA (Bergr. et Wahl. in isis. 1828. vol. 21.
p. 971.) leaves 4 in a whorl, obovate, elongated, obtuse, gla-
brous ; stems decumbent ; peduncles lateral and terminal ;
flowers umbellate ; leaves of involucrum obtuse, glabrous. Tf. .
H. Native of the Levant, among bushes on the sides of hills.
Leaves like those of Galium palustre,
Involucrated Woodroof. PI. decumbent.
Cult. Most of the species of Woodroof are very pretty when
in flower, and are therefore well adapted for decorating flower-
borders or rock- work. They will grow in any common garden-
soil, and are easily increased by parting at the root. A. odorata
will thrive under the shade of trees, where hardly any thing else
will grow. The seeds of annual species only require to be sown
where the plants are intended to remain.
CCXIV. CRUCIANE'LLA (a dim. of crux, across : in allu-
sion to the leaves being placed crosswise). Lin. gen. no. 126.
Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 111. t. 24. Lam. ill. t. 61. Juss. mem. mus.
6. p. 370. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 131. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 586.
LIN. SYST. Tetra-Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with an
ovate tube, and a hardly distinct limb. Corolla tubular, elon-
gated, funnel-shaped, 4-5-lobed ; lobes usually drawn out into a
setaceous, inflexed appendage each. Stamens 4-5, inclosed ;
anthers linear. Style 2-lobed at the apex, shorter than the tube
of the corolla. Fruit divisible into 2 parts, but not crowned by
RUBIACEjE. CCXIV. CRUCIANELLA.
641
the calyx ; mericarps semi-ovate or oblong, indehiscent. — Herbs,
sometimes suffrutescent at the base, but usually annual. Leaves
truly opposite, furnished with from 1 to 3 stipulas on each side.
Flowers furnished with 3 bracteas each, the exterior bractea
representing a cauline leaf, and the 2 lateral ones opposite, all
longer than the ovarium, and appearing like a calyx. Spikes
sometimes elongated and continuous, sometimes capitate, and
sometimes interrupted from being formed of pedunculate fasci-
cles of flowers.
§ 1 . Flowers disposed in continuous spikes.
1 C. LATirbuA (Lin. spec. 157.) plant erect, with ascending
branches ; leaves 4 in a whorl, elliptic-lanceolate, acute : lower
ones usually ovate, and mucronated, with scabrous margins ;
spikes filiform, tetragonal ; flowers quadrifid, solitary, imbricated
in 4 rows. 0. H. Native in the region of the Mediterranean,
in sandy places from Spain and Mauritania to Tauria. Guss.
prod. fl. sic. 181. Smith, fl. graec. t. 139. C. spicata, ft, Lam. fl.
fr. 3. p. 372. Schmied. icon. t. 83. f. 84. — Barrel, icon. t. 520.
and 549. Corollas slender, pale yellow : lobes awned.
Var. ft, erectiuscula, (D. C. prod. 4. p. 586.) stem erectish.
C. latifolia, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 106.
ft Var. y, Monspellaca,(D. C. 1. c.) lower leaves ovate : upper
ones 5-6 in a whorl, linear. Q. H. Native of France, Me-
diterranean, Dalmatia, Greece, Palestine. Benth. cat. no. 73.
C. Monspeliaca, Lin. spec. 158. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3347. Smith,
fl. graec. t. 140. C. spicata, y, Lam. fl. fr. S. p. 372. C. vul-
gikris, Gat. fl. mont. 44. Rubeola heterophylla, Moench. meth.
p. 526. Lobes of corolla 5, ending in a twisted awn each.
Broad-leaved Crosswort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1633. PI.
1 foot, ascending.
2 C. ANGUSTJFOUA (Lin. spec. p. 157.) erect; leaves 6 in a
whorl, linear, acute, scabrous on the margins, and on the angles
of the stem ; spikes linear, imbricated in 4 rows, somewhat inter-
rupted at the base ; flowers tetramerous, twin : one of them
bibracteolate. O- H. Native of arid, stony places from Spain
and Mauritania to Tauria and Caucasus. Smith, exot. bot. t.
109. Guss. prod. fl. sic. p. 181. C. spicata, a, Lam. fl. fr. 3.
p. 372. Rubeola linearifolia, Mcench, meth. p. 525. — 'Barrel,
icon. t. 550. — Sabb. hort. rom. 2. t. 12. Corolla slender, yel-
lowish-green.
Var. ft, monostachya (D. C. fl. fr. no. 3345.) stem simple,
bearing only one spike at the apex.
Var. y, mucronata, (Roth, cat. 1. p. 27.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
mucronate.
Narrow-leaved Crosswort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1658. PI.
1 foot.
3 C. GLAU'CA (A. Rich, in mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 131.)
plant suffruticose at the base, erect, glaucous ; leaves 6 in a
whorl, linear, with revolute edges ; spikes slender, pedunculate,
somewhat interrupted at the base ; bracteas ciliated ; flowers
pentamerous. I/ . H. Native of Persia.
Var. a, Bruguieri (D. C. prod. 4. p. 587.) leaves rough;
branchlets and bracteoles rather velvety from fine down. Tf.. H.
Native of Persia, between Kermancha and Amadan, where it
was collected by Olivier and Bruguiere.
Var. ft, Michauxii (D. C. 1. c.) stem glabrous ; leaves smooth-
ish ; bracteas a little smaller. l/.H. Native of Persia, where
it was collected by Michaux.
Glaucous Crosswort. PI. 1 foot.
4 C. CILIA'TA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 217.) plant diffuse; leaves 4
in a whorl, or opposite ; spikes hardly interrupted at the base ;
bracteas ciliated, unequal, rather loose ; flowers tetramerous ;
fruit beset with blunt tubercles. Q. H. Native of the Levant,
about Aleppo, where it was collected by Michaux. C. diffusa,
Roth, in Ust. neu. ann. 4. p. 40. cat. 1. p. 26. C. tuberculosa,
VOL. III.
Cav. descript. p. 349. Flowers yellowish. Nearly allied to C.
patula.
Ciliatcd-'bractead Crosswort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1805. PI.
diffuse ^ foot.
5 C. PA'TULA (Lin. spec. p. 602.) erect ; branches spreading ;
leaves 6 in a whorl, linear, rather scabrous; flowers 1-2 in the
axils of the bracteas, on short pedicels, pentamerous ; fruit
smoothish. O- H. Native of Spain, on rocks at Aranjuez,
Tudela, and Navarre, and in the kingdom ofValentia. Loefl.
itin. p. 68. C. pentandra, Dufour, in Roem. et Schultes, syst.
3. p. 532. Corolla yellowish.
Spreading Crosswort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1798. PI. | to
| foot.
6 C. SUAVE'OLENS (Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 406.) plant perennial,
glabrous ; stem herbaceous, erect, branched ; leaves linear, mu-
cronate, with prickly, revolute edges, 8 in a whorl, but the
upper ones are 6 in a whorl ; flowers opposite, disposed in dense
spikes : floral leaves and bracteas lanceolate, ciliated, a little
shorter than the corollas, which are glabrous, and 5-cleft ; sta-
mens inclosed ; mericarps glabrous, smooth, y. . H. Native of
Caucasus, in dry, stony places on the Taluseh mountains.
Sweet-scented Crosswort. PI. 1 foot.
7 C. /EGYPTI'ACA (Lin. mant. p. 38.) plant diffuse ; leaves
4 in a whorl, linear, with revolute edges, glabrous above, and on
the margins : lower ones ovate ; spikes terminal ; bracteas lan-
ceolate, with the keel and margins rather scabrous. 0. H.
Native about Alexandria, in Egypt. C. herbacea, Forsk. fl.
egyp. p. 30. Flowers pentamerous, pale yellow, awned.
Egyptian Crosswort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. PI. | foot.
8 C. GILA'NICA (Trin. in mem. act. petersb. 1818. p. 493.
t. 12.) stems erectish, branched ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear,
mucronate, with prickly revolute edges ; flowers remotely spi-
cate ; bracteas and floral leaves ovate, ciliated, 4 times shorter
than the corolla, which is glabrous. % . H. Native of Persia,
in the province of Ghilan, on the mountains ; and of Caucasus,
in dry, stony places on the Taluseh mountains. Root slender,
creeping. Flowers pentamerous. Lobes of the corolla mucro-
nate. Fruit and stamens glabrous. Style inclosed.
Ghilan Crosswort. PI. procumbent.
§ 2. Flowers capitate.
9 G. MARITIMA (Lin. spec. 158.) plant suffruticose, procum-
bent, much branched, glaucous, glabrous ; leaves 4 in a whorl,
lanceolate, stiff, marginated, mucronate ; flowers axillary, dis-
posed in interrupted spikes, pentamerous. fj . F. Native along
the Mediterranean, in the sand by the sea side. Desf. fl. ad. 1.
p. 132. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3348. — Rubeola maritima, Moench.
meth. p. 526. — Barrel, icon. t. 355. Flowers cream-coloured.
Styles sometimes 3, but usually 2. — Rubia maritima, Bauh. pin.
334. Rubia marina, Clus. hist. 2. p. 176.
Sea-side Crosswort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1640. PI. proc.
10 C. CAPITA'TA (Labill. pi. syr. dec. 1. p. 12. t. 3.) plant suf-
fruticose, procumbent, branched, glaucous, glabrous ; leaves (!
in a whorl, almost linear; spikes capitate, ovate ; bracteas mem-
branous, lanceolate, longer than the leaves, trifid, girding 2
flowers each ; corollas 5-parted. Jj . F. Native on the top of
Mount Lebanon. Corolla blackish in the dried state. Bracteas
trifid. Bracteoles linear.
Capitate-flowered Crosswort. Shrub procumbent.
11C. STYLOSA (Trin. mem. act. petersb. 1818. p. 485. no. 3.
t. 11. ex Spreng. neu. entd. 1. p. 99.) plant procumbent; leaves
8-9 in a whorl, and are, as well as the stems, hispid ; heads ter-
minal, pedunculate ; flowers pentamerous ; style clavate, much
exserted, bifid at the apex. — Native of Persia, in the province of
Ghilan, among rocks ; and of Caucasus, among bushes in the
province of Lenkeran, from the Caspian Sea even to the Taluseh
4 N
642
RUBIACE^E. CCXIV. CRUCIANELLA. CCXV. RUBIA.
mountains. Laxmannia fasciculata, S. G. Gmel. Said to be
nearly allied to C. molluginoides.
Long-styled Crosswort. PI. procumbent.
12 C. PDBE'SCENS (Willd. spec. 1. p. 602.) plant erect ; leaves
6 in a whorl, linear, downy; heads of flowers pedunculate, axil-
lary, and terminal ; corollas pentamerous. Q. H. Native of
Candia. Rubeola Cretica incana floribus purpurascentibus,
Tourn. cor. 5. Stem downy. Corollas purplish, downy.
Downy Crosswort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1799. PI. 1 foot.
§ 3. Flowers in fascicles ; fascicles opposite, on short pedun-
cles : the whole forming an interrupted raceme.
13 C. MOLLUGINOIDES (Bieb. cent. 2. t. 65. ex fl. taur. 1. p.
106. suppl. 110.) erect; leaves 8-12 in a whorl; linear-lanceo-
late, with revolute, scabrous edges, and a villous keel ; fascicles
of flowers opposite, disposed in an interrupted spike ; bracteas
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate;!, villous, much shorter than the
flowers ; fruit glabrous, smoothish ; corollas pentamerous. I/ .
H. Native of Caucasus, in subalpine places, Armenia, and
Hungary. C. anomala, Balb. herb. taur. Asperula tubiflora,
Hortul.— Buxb. cent. 2. t. 30. f. 1. Corollas greenish yellow.
Stamens 5. Mericarps nearly globose. Angles of the stem
scabrous.
Mollugo-like Crosswort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. 1
foot.
14 C. A'SPERA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 107.) plant procumbent or
ascending; leaves usually 6 in a whorl, linear, bluntish, with
revolute edges, and are, as well as the stem, scabrous ; fascicles
of flowers opposite, pedunculate, disposed in interrupted spikes ;
bracteas ovate, acute, ciliated, much shorter than the flowers ;
flowers pentamerous ; fruit glabrous. %. H. Native of Iberia,
about Tiflis. C. prostrata, Adams, in Web. et Mohr. cat. 1. p.
46. Flowers greenish yellow.
Rough Crosswort. PI. procumbent.
15 C. GLOMERA'TA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 107.) stems ascend-
ing . sterile ones hairy, and floriferous ones smoothish ; leaves G
in a whorl, linear, with revolute margins, scabrous, rather glau-
cous ; heads of flowers opposite, pedunculate, disposed in an
interrupted raceme ; bracteas ovate, acute, ciliated, much shorter
than the flowers ; flowers pentamerous. I/ . H. Native of
Iberia and Caucasus, on stony hills. Rubeola orientalis foliis
Galii, flore multiplici, Tourn. cor. 5. Flowers greenish yellow.
Glomerate-flowered Crosswort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824.
PI. | foot.
•f Plants referred to the genus which ought to be excluded
from it.
16 C. ? AMERICA'NA (Mill. diet. no. 5.) stem erect, villous;
leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, hairy ; flowers solitary, axil-
lary, fj . S. Native of Vera Cruz. Flowers pale blue. Fruit
didymous. Probably a species of Spermacoce.
American Crosswort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1780. Shrub 3
feet.
17 C. ? HJSPIDA (Mill. diet. no. 4.) stem hispid ; leaves oppo-
site, lanceolate, hairy; flowers umbellate, terminal. Jj . S. Na-
tive of Vera Cruz. Stems quadrangular, rough, prickly.
Flowers blue, tetramerous. Fruit didymous.
Hispid Crosswort. Shrub 2 feet.
Cull. The seeds of annual species should be sown in the
open ground where the plants are intended to remain. The
perennial, herbaceous, and shrubby species being rather tender,
should be grown in pots, in a mixture of peat, sand, and a little
loam ; and they will be easily increased by dividing at the root,
or by cuttings.
CCXV. RU'BIA (from ruber, red ; in allusion to the red
colour of the roots). Tourn. inst. 113. t. 38. Lin. gen. no. 127.
Lam. ill. t. 60. G»rtn. fil. carp. 3. p. 85. t. 195. D. C. prod.
4. p. 588.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx with an ovate-glo-
bose tube, and a 4-toothed limb. Corolla 4-5-parted, rotate.
Stamens 4, short. Styles 2, short. Fruit didymous, nearly glo-
bose, baccate, juicy. — Herbs or sub-shrubs. Stems diffuse,
much branched, tetragonal. Leaves opposite, usually furnished
with 1-2, rarely with 3-4 stipulas on both sides, which are very
like the leaves, constituting 4-10-leaved whorles. Flowers small,
greenish white, or pale yellow. Berries black, rarely red or
white.
§ 1. E ' xinvolucrata (the flowers of the plants contained in
this section are without involucra). D. C. prod. 4. p. 588.
Peduncles axillary, dichotomous or trichotomous ; bracteas want-
ing, or very small, and opposite, but never constituting an involu-
crum. Flowers usually penlamerous. — Species all natives of the
old world.
* Cordifblia (from cor, the heart, and folium, a leaf: the
leaves are heart-shaped). D. C. prod. 4. p. 588. Stems herba-
ceous. Leaves on long petioles, all cordate, or only the lower
ones.
1 R. CORDIFOLIA (Lin. mant. p. 197.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
petiolate, oblong, cordate at the base, 3-5-nerved, beset with
prickles on the middle nerve, margins, petioles, and angles of
stems ; flowers tetramerous or pentamerous. I/ . H. Native
of Siberia, on the banks of the Salenga, &c. — There are varie-
ties of this plant with glabrous, hairy, narrower and broader
leaves, which are disposed 8 in a whorl. (Pall. itin. 3. t. L.
f. 1. and gall. t. 92.). Flowers whitish. Berries red or black.
Perhaps 2 species are confused under this name.
Heart-leaved Madder. Fl. July. Clt. 1783. PI. straggling.
2 R. JAVA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 588.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, not cordate at the base, 5-nerved,
scabrous on the middle nerve, petioles, and angles of stems ;
flowers tetramerous and pentamerous. 1£. S. Native of Java,
on the mountains. R. cordifolia, Blum, bijdr. p. 944. An
intermediate plant between R. cordifolia. R. Sibirica, and R.
Munjista.
Java Madder. PI. straggling.
3 R. MUNJISTA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 383.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
petiolate, cordate, acuminated, 5-nerved, and are, as well as
the stems, hispid ; flowers all pentamerous. % . H. Native
of Nipaul and Bengal, on the mountains ; and of Japan. R.
cordata, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 60. R. Manjith, Roxb. ex Flem.
cat. in Desv. journ. bot. 1814. pt. 2. p. 207. There does not
appear much difference between this and R. cordifolia, Lin. This
kind of madder is used by the dyers and calico-printers in the
same manner as the common madder.
Munjith or Indian Madder. PI. straggling.
4 R. ALA'TA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 384.) leaves 4 jn a
whorl, petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, and linear, 3-nerved, acumi-
nated at the apex, scabrous ; angles of stem winged, scabrous
from recurved denticulations ; flowers pentamerous, hispid ;
corymbs trichotomous, elongated. 2/ . H. Native of Nipaul.
Limb of leaf 3 times the length of the petiole. Very like a
species of Galium.
Winged-stemmed Madder. PI. straggling.
5 R. PETIOLA RIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 588.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, 1-nerved, having the
nerve, margins, petioles, and angles of the stem scabrous from
prickles. I/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. R.
cordifolia, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 151. but not of Lin. Petioles the
length of leaves, tetragonal ; perhaps the lower leaves are cor-
date. Flowers not sufficiently known.
Petiolar-leaved Madder. PI. straggling.
RUBIACE^E. CCXV. RUBIA.
643
6 R. ANGUSTISSIMA (Wall. cat. no. 6207.) stems quadrangular,
almost winged, serrated from retrograde prickles ; leaves 4 in a
whorl, long, linear, with scabrous edges, sessile ; peduncles di-
chotomously divided. ^ . S. Native of the Burmese Empire,
on Mount Taong Dong, near Ava. Root like that of R. Mun-
jista.
Fery-narron>-]ea.ved Madder. PL straggling.
7 R. CHAR«FOXLIA (Wall. cat. no. 6210.) stems quadrangular,
angles beset with retrograde, prickly denticulations ; leaves 8-10
in a whorl, linear, sessile, scabrous on the margins and keel ;
corymbs terminal. It. F. Native of Nipaul.
Chara-leaved Madder. PI. straggling.
* * Suffruticosce. Stems shrubby. Leaves on short petioles,
oblong or lanceolate.
8 R. FRUTICOSA (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 147.) stem shrubby,
smooth ; leaves 2-6 in a whorl : the uppermost ones opposite,
elliptic, on short petioles, having the margins and keel scabrous
from prickles ; flowers pentamerous ; corymbs axillary, short,
few-flowered. I? . G. Native of Teneriffe, among bushes,
Jacq. icon. rar. t. 25. R. fruticosa, and R. Canariensis, Poir.
suppl. 2. p. 707. Leaves varying from oval to oblong-lanceo-
late, with distant retrograde prickles on the margins. Corollas
yellowish. Peduncles usually 3-flowered.
Var. ft, galioides (D. C. prod. 4. p. 589.) stem shrubby,
terete, smooth ; leaves 6 in a whorl, petiolate, ovate-lanceolate,
with rough margins ; peduncles axillary, 3-4-flowered, much
shorter than the leaves. Jj . G. Native of the Canary Islands.
R. galioides, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 705.
Shrubby Madder. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1779. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
9 R. ACALYCULA'TA (Cav. icon. 2. p. 75. t. 195.) stems rather
herbaceous, smooth, hexagonal ; leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceo-
late, having the nerve beneath and the margins furnished with
retrograde prickles ; corymbs axillary, trichotomous, bibrac-
teate ; flowers pentamerous. % . ^ . G. Native of Madras,
where it is called Tasaygo. Leaves 7-9 in a whorl, but on the
branches only 3 in a whorl. Flowers yellowish. Teeth of calyx
not perspicuous, as in many other species of the genus. Very
nearly allied to R. fruticosa.
Ecalyculate-fiowered Madder. Shrub 2 feet.
10 R. L«Vis (Poir. voy. 2. p. 111. suppl. 2. p. 706. but not of
Thunb.) stem shrubby, smooth ; leaves 8 in a whorl, linear-lan-
ceolate, mucronate, smooth ; peduncles axillary, simple, or bifur-
cate, diverging. Tj . S. Native of Barbary, on the sea-shore
near Lacalle. Perhaps a species of Gdlium. Flowers white,
tetramerous.
Smooth Madder. Shrub.
* * * T'mctonae (from tinctorius, for dying ; the roots of most
of the species are used for dying). D. C. prod. 4. p. 589.
Stems herbaceous. Leaven sessile, or on short petioles, never
cordate.
11 R. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Lin. mant. p. 39.) plant herbaceous;
leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, scabrous above, and also along the
margins and nerve ; angles of stems prickly ; corymbs axillary,
3-flowered; lobes of corolla bluntish, apiculated. If.. F. Na-
tive of Gibraltar, Portugal, and Balearic Islands. Lam. ill. t.
60. f. 2. Leaves evergreen. Flowers pale yellow. Perhaps
this and the 6 following are only variations of R . tinctoria.
Narrow-leaved Madder. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1772. PL
straggling.
12 R. LONGIF6LIA (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 703.?) herbaceous;
leaves 4-6 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, elongated, acuminated,
almost sessile, smooth above, but with the margins and nerve
scabrous from prickles, as well as the angles of the stem ; pe-
duncles trichotomous ; lobes of corolla acutish, acuminated, not
abruptly cuspidate. I/ . H. Native of Corsica and at Mogo-
dor. R. Requienii, Duby, bot. gall. 1. p. 247. Flowers yel-
lowish. Berries black.
Long-leaved Madder. PL straggling.
13 R. TINCTORUM (Lin. spec. p. 158.) herbaceous ; leaves 4-6
in a whorl, on short petioles, lanceolate, smooth above, scabrous
from prickles on the margins and keel, and along the angles of
the stem ; peduncles axillary, trichotomous ; lobes of corolla
gradually acuminated, not cuspidate. If. . H. Native of the
Levant and south of Europe ; and also of Caucasus, on Mount
Beschbarmak, and plentiful near Dervent, and in the province of
Baku ; but cultivated in many parts for the sake of its roots.
Lam. ill. t. 60. f. 1. Heyne, arzn. gew. xi. t. 5. Schkuhr.
handb. t. 28. Mill. fig. t. 1. Woodv. med. bot. t. 68. Smith,
fl. grsec. t. 141. Sabb. hort. 1. t. 77. Blackw. t. 26. R. pere-
grina, Murr. bot. val. p. 91. ex Gaudin. R. sylvestris and R.
tinctorum, Mill. diet. no. 1-2. Roots long, thick, and red.
Leaves and stems fading in autumn. Flowers yellow, pentame-
rous. Berries dark purple.
The root of the dyer's madder is composed of many long,
thick, succulent fibres, almost as large as a man's little finger ;
these are joined at the top in a head, like the roots of asparagus,
and strike very deep into the ground, being sometimes more
than three feet in length. From the upper part come out many
side-roots, which extend just under the surface of the ground to
a great distance, whereby it propagates very fast ; for these send
up a number of shoots, which, if carefully taken off in spring,
soon after they are above ground, become so many plants. It
is a native of the south of Europe, flowers in June, and seeds
soon afterwards ; but by them it is never propagated. Madder
is mentioned by the Greeks as a medical plant ; but when it was
first used in dying is uncertain. It has been cultivated in Hol-
land and Flanders, and other parts of the continent for that pur-
pose, for many years, and has been tried in this country ; but
unless the importation of the root from the continent were en-
tirely prevented, it will not answer. Its culture has been
attempted at different times, when our commerce with the Dutch
was interrupted, or when they raised the price of the article
exorbitantly high. At present it may be imported not only
from Holland, but from France, Italy, and Turkey.
The soils most suited to the cultivation of madder are those
of the deep, fertile, sandy loams, that are not retentive of moisture,
and which have a considerable portion of vegetable matter in
their composition. It may also be grown on the more light de-
scription of soils, that have sufficient depth, and which are in a
proper state of fertility.
The preparation of the soil may either consist in trench-
ploughing, lengthways and across, with pronged stirrings, so as
to bring it to a fine tilth ; or, what will often be found preferable,
by one trenching 2 feet deep by manual labour.
The sets of plants are best obtained from the runners, or sur-
face shoots of the old plants. These being taken up, are to be
cut into lengths of from 6 to 1 2 inches, according to the scarcity
or abundance of runners. Sets of one inch will grow, if they
have an eye, or bud, and some fibres ; but their progress will
be slow, for want of maternal nourishment. Sets may also be
procured by sowing the seeds in fine light earth, a year before
they are wanted, and then transplanting them ; or sets an inch
long may be planted for one year in a garden, and then removed
to the field plantation.
The season of planting is commonly May or June, and the
manner is generally in rows, 9 or 10 inches asunder, and 5 or 6
inches apart in the rows. Some plant promiscuously in beds,
with intervals between ; but this is unnecessary, as it is not the
surface, but the descending roots, which are used by the dyer.
The operation of planting is generally done by the dibber, but
some plant them by the aid of the plough. By this mode, the
4 x 2
644
RUBIACEjE. CCXV. RUBIA.
ground is ploughed over with a shallow furrow, and in the
course of the operation the sets are deposited in each furrow,
leaning on and pressed against the furrow-slice. This, however,
is a bad mode, as there is no opportunity of firming the plants at
the roots, and as some of the sets are apt to be buried, and others
not sufficiently covered.
The after culture consists in hoeing and weeding, with stirring
by pronged hoes, either of the horse or hand kind. Some earth
up, but this is unnecessary, and even injurious, as tearing the
surface roots.
The Madder crop is taken at the end of the third autumn
after planting, and generally in the month of October. By far
the best mode is that of trenching over the ground, which not
only clears it effectually, but fits it at once for another crop.
But where madder has been grown on land prepared by the
plough, that implement may be used in removing it. Pre-
viously to trenching, the haulm may be removed with an old
• scythe, and carted to the farmery, to be used as litter to spread
in the straw-yards.
Drying the roots is the next process, which, in very fine sea-
sons, may sometimes be effected on the soil, by simply laying
the plants on it as they are taken up ; but in most seasons they
require to be dried on a kiln, like that used for malt or hops.
They are dried till they become brittle, and then packed up in
bags for sale to the dyer.
The produce from the root of this plant is different according
to the difference of the soil, but mostly from 10 to 15 or 20
hundred weight, where it is suitable to its cultivation.
In judging of the quality of Madder roots, the best is that
which, on being broken in two, has a brightish red or purplish
appearance, without any yellow cast being exhibited.
The use of the Madder roots is chiefly in dyeing and calico
printing. The haulm which accumulates on the surface of the
field in the course of 3 years, may be carted to the farm-yard,
and fermented along with horse-dung. It has the singular pro-
perty of dyeing the horns of the animals who eat it of a red
colour.
Madder seed in abundance may be collected from the plants
in September of the second and third years, but it is never so
propagated. — Madder is sometimes blighted, but in general it
has but few diseases.
Madder is cultivated in Holland only on the very best soils,
and with plenty of manure. At the end of May or April, ac-
cording as the young plants are large enough to be transplanted,
the land must be ploughed in beds of 2 feet, and 2^ feet wide ;
the beds are then harrowed and raked, and the young suckers of
the roots or plants are to be put down in rows, at intervals of
a foot or a foot and a half, and at 6 or 8 inches distant in the
row. During the entire summer the land should be frequently
stirred, and kept free from weeds. In the month of November,
when the leaves are faded, the plants are covered with 2 inches
of earth, by a plough, having the point of the coulter a little
raised or rounded, so as not to injure the young plants. In the
following spring, when the young roots are 4 or 5 inches long,
they aie gathered or torn off, and planted in new beds, in the
same manner as above stated ; and then, in the month of Sep-
tember or October, after the faded leaves have been removed,
the old roots are taken up. The madder thus taken up should
be deposited under cover, to protect it from the rain, and after
10 or 12 days, placed in an oven moderately heated. When
dried sufficiently it is gently beaten with a flail, to get rid of the
clay that may adhere to the plants ; and by means of a small
wind-mill, is ground and sifted, to separate it from any remain-
ing earth or dirt. It is then replaced in the oven for a short
time, and when taken out, is spread upon a hair cloth to
cool ; after which it is ground and cleaned once more. It is
then carried to a bruising mill, and reduced to fine powder, and
then packed in casks or barrels for the market.
Var. ft, Iberica (Fisch. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 589.)
leaves on longer petioles, downy on the veins and nerves beneath.
!{.. H. Native of Iberia. The roots of this variety are said to
be better for the purposes of dyeing than those of the species.
Dyer's Madder. Fl.June. Clt. 1596. PI. straggling.
14 R. PEREGR!NA (Lin. spec. p. 158.) herbaceous ; leaves 4-6
in a whorl, sessile, lanceolate, shining above, smooth, but sca-
brous from hooked prickles on the margins and keel, and along
the angles of the stem ; peduncles axillary, dichotomous ; lobes of
corolla ovate, cuspidately awned. I/. H. Native of south
and middle Europe, in rough places ; in the west of Britain in
thickets, and on stony or sandy ground. D. C. fl. fr. 4. no. 3389.
Smith, engl. hot. t. 851. R. A'nglica, Huds. angl. 1. p. 54. R.
tinctorum, With. brit. p. 193. R. tinctorum a, Lam. fl. fr. 2.
p. 605. R. lucida, D'Urv. cat. p. 17.— Petiv. brit. t. 30. f. 3.
— Moris, hist. sect. 9. t. 21. f. 2. Flowers dusky yellow, pen-
tamerous. Root creeping, fleshy, tawny red. Berries black.
Foreign Madder. Fl. July. England. PL straggling.
15 R. LU'CIDA (Lin. syst. veg. xii. p. 732.) herbaceous; leaves
4-6 in a whorl, elliptic, shining, with a smooth keel, but scabrous
from prickles along the margins and angles of the stem ; pedun-
cles axillary, trichotomous, short ; lobes of corolla lanceolate,
acuminated, inflexed at the points. %. H. Native of south and
middle Europe, in rugged places. Smith, fl. graec. 142. D. C.
fl. fr. 4. p. 268. R. tenuifolia, D'Urv. cat. p. 17. R. rotun-
difolia, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 106. Leaves permanent. Flowers
dusky yellow, pentamerous.
Var. j3, angustifblia (Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 183.) stem
smoothish ; leaves elliptic-oblong or lanceolate. I/ . H. Native
of Sicily and the south of France.
fining-leaved Madder. Fl.July. Clt. 1762. PI. straggling.
16 R. Bocc6Ni (Petagn. inst. bot. 2. p. 255.) herbaceous;
leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate, shining above, scabrous on the keel
and margins, and angles of the stem ; peduncles axillary, tricho-
tomous ; lobes of corolla 4-5, acute. "H.. H. Native of Naples
and Sicily, among calcareous rocks. Ten. fl. neap. t. 10. Guss.
prod. sic. 1. p. 182. — Bocc. mus. t. 75. — Barrel, icon. t. 547.
Flowers greenish- white, sweet-scented. Habit of R. lucida. Root
yellow. Leaves permanent. Angles of stems prickly. Stamens4-5.
Bocconi's Madder. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. straggling.
17 R. SPLE'NDENS (Hoffms. et Link, fl. port. 2. p. 67. t. 85.)
herbaceous ; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, obversely oblong, acute,
having the nerve on both surfaces and margins scabrous from
prickles, as well as the angles of the stems ; panicles axillary ;
lobes of corolla prickly. "If.. H. Native of Portugal, in hedges
about Lisbon. R. sylvestris, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 153. but not of
Mill. Flowers yellow, pentamerous.
Glittering-leaved Madder. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1812. PI.
straggling.
18 R. INTRICA'TA (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 362.)
glabrous, smoothish ; stems diffuse, herbaceous, divaricately
branched, intricate, acutely 4-angled ; leaves small, oblong-
linear, hardly acute, almost nerveless ; branches of panicle di-
varicate ; flowers pedunculate, bractless ; berries globose. —
Native of Chili, among hedges of Cacti at San Isedro.
TnJncate-branched Rubia. PI. diffuse.
19 R. OLIVEI'RII (A. Rich, in mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p.
132.) stems suffruticose, rather hexagonal, scabrous from retro-
grade prickles or bristles ; branches powdery, downy ; leaves
usually 6 in a whorl, oboval, mucronate at the apex, with hispid
margins ; peduncles axillary, usually by threes, tripartite, and
3-flowered at the apex ; corolla subcampanulate, 5 -parted. 1£.
H. Native of the island of Scio, where it was collected by
Oliveir and Bruguiere.
RUBIACE^E. CCXV. RUBIA.
645
Oliveir's Madder. PI. straggling.
20 R. THUNBE'RGII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 590.) plant glabrous in
every part ; leaves usually 4 in a whorl. — Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. R. lac' vis, Thunb. fl. cap. 151. but not of Poir.
The rest unknown.
Tkunberg's Madder. PI. straggling.
§ H. InvolucralfB (the flowers of the plants contained in this
section are involucrated by bracteas). D. C. prod. 4. p. 590.
Peduncles axillary, bearing each 4 bracteas in a whorl, which
constitute an involucrum to thejloners. Flowers 1-3, rising from
each involucrum, sessile, or pedicellate, usually tetramerous. — •
Diffuse prostrate plants, all natives of America, which probably
should be joined with Gdlium according to A. Richard.
* Berries glabrous. Leaves 1 -nerved.
SIR. WALTE'RI (D. C. prod. 4. p. 590.) stems tetragonal,
smooth on the angles, and pilose on the sides ; leaves ovate,
membranous, rather pilose on both surfaces while young,
but having the keel and margins scabrous in the adult state ;
bracteas ovate, acute ; flowers solitary from the involucra ; fruit
glabrous, pedicellate. I/ . H. Native of Carolina and Florida,
in shady places. R. peregrina, Walt. car. p. 86. but not of Lin.
R. Brownei, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 81. exclusive of the
syn. of Browne. R. Techensis, Rafin. fl. lud. p. 76. ? Flowers
small, yellow, tetramerous. Fruit blackish.
Walter's Madder, PI. straggling.
22 R. GUADALUPE'NSIS (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 397.) stems te-
tragonal, rough along the angles at the base ; leaves oblong, mu-
cronate, attenuated at the base, having the margins and keel
prickly ; peduncles axillary, shorter than the leaves, 1 -flowered ;
flower sessile among the bracteas, which are oblong ; berries
scabrous. Tf.. S. Native of Guadaloupe, where it was col-
lected by Badier and Bertero.
Guadaloupe Madder. PI. straggling.
23 R. INDECO'RA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 229.)
stems tetragonal, scabrous from pili ; leaves oblong, somewhat
»cuneated, obtuse, mucronate, membranous, remotely pilose on
the nerve beneath and margins ; peduncles axillary, solitary, op-
posite, 1 -flowered ; bracteas lanceolate; ovarium pilose; berries
egg-shaped, glabrous, sessile within the involucra. I/ . F.
Native of the south of Brazil.
Indecorous Madder. PI. straggling.
24 R. CHILE'NSIS (Mol. chil. 118. ed. gall. p. 330. but not of
Willd.) stems smooth, tetragonal while young, but at length be-
coming terete and erectish ; leaves oblong-linear, mucronate,
pilose on the nerve and margins ; peduncles axillary, opposite,
1 -flowered, a little longer than the leaves, hairy at top, as well
as the bracteas. I/ . F. Native of Chili, near Rancagua and
Valparaiso, where it was collected by Bertero, who asserts that
it is the Relbun of the natives. Nearly allied to R. indecora.
Chili Madder. PI. straggling.
25 R. RAMOSISSIMA (Pohl, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 591.)
stems tetragonal, rather hairy along the angles ; leaves oblong,
obtuse, rather cuneated at the base, 1 -nerved, rather pilose be-
neath and glabrous above, and shining ; peduncles axillary,
length of leaves, 1-flowered; bracteas oval, glabrous; berry
.sessile, within the involucrum, glabrous. !(.. G. Native of
Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl. Herb becoming black
on drying.
Much-branched Madder. PI. straggling.
26 R. VALANTIOIDES (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p.
231.) stems tetragonal, pilose along the angles ; leaves sessile,
ovate, acute, membranous, 3-nerved, pilose on the margins and
nerves ; peduncles axillary, verticillate, shorter than the leaves,
1-flowered; bracteas ovate-oblong; flower sessile within the
involucrum. I/ . F. Native of Brazil. Stem scabrous from the
bases of the hairs remaining. Corolla pilose. Berries glabrous.
Valantia-like Madder. PI. straggling.
27 R. NI'TIDA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 339. t. 280.)
stems tetragonal, beset with reflexed hairs along the angles ;
leaves elliptic, bluntish, with revolute edges, glabrous above and
shining, and rather hairy beneath ; peduncles axillary, 1-flower-
ed, opposite, twice the length of the leaves ; flower sessile,
within the involucrum ; berries glabrous. 7f..F. Native at the
foot of the burning mount Pichincha, near Quito. Allied to R.
Walleri.
Nitid-leaved Madder. PI. straggling.
28 R. VILIS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 230.) gla-
brous ; stems tetragonal, scabrous from retrograde bristles on the
angles, and on the nerves and margins of the leaves ; leaves ob-
long, obtuse, hardly attenuated at the base, rather mucronate,
membranous ; peduncles axillary, verticillate, 3-flowered, length
of leaves : the middle flower sessile ; bracteas oblong, acute.
H.. F. Native of the south of Brazil. Berries globose.
Vile Madder. PI. straggling.
29 R. CILIA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 591.) stems procumbent,
much branched, tetragonal, glabrous ; leaves 4 in a whorl, on
short petioles, linear-lanceolate, ciliated, reflexed ; peduncles
axillary, solitary, filiform, 1-flowered, length of leaves, bearing 4
verticillate leaves at the apex ; flower sessile, within the invo-
lucrum ; fruit glabrous. }/ . F. Native of Peru, on arid hills.
Galium ciliatum, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 59. Galium involu-
cratum, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3, p. 334. Flowers
purple. Fruit nutant. Perhaps a species of Rubia.
Ciliated-]eaved Madder. PI. procumbent.
30 R. MONA'NTHA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 591.) stems procum-
bent, much branched, tetragonal, smoothish ; leaves oval or
ovate-oblong, acutish, ciliated with long hairs, hispid above ;
peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, bearing each 4 leaves or
bracteas just under the flower ; flower sessile, within the invo-
lucrum ; fruit glabrous, smooth. 1£ . F. Native of Peru,
where it was collected by Haenke. Galium monanthon, Bartl.
in herb. Haenke. This species is nearly allied to R. cilidta.
One-flonered Madder. PI. procumbent.
31 R. OVA'LIS (D. C. 1. c.) stems climbing a little, tetragonal,
hairy ; leaves 4 in a whorl, oblong-oval, acuminated, equal, at
length reflexed ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, a little shorter
than the leaves, bearing 4 oval acute bracteas at top under the
flower ; fruit glabrous. 1£ . F. Native of Peru, among rub-
bish. Galium ova'e, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 59.
OsrtJ-leaved Madder. PI. climbing.
32 R. CRO'CEA (D. C. 1. .c.) stems procumbent, branched;
branches tetragonal ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, ciliated, rather
scabrous beneath ; peduncles axillary, short, 1-flowered, bearing
4 leaves at the apex ; fruit glabrous. — Native of Peru, at Tarma
and Huanaco, on arid declivities. Galium croceum, Ruiz et
Pav. fl. per. p. 126. Flowers 3-4-cleft. Fruit of a reddish
copper-colour.
5ojfro»-coloured-fruited Madder. PI. procumbent.
33 R. LXVIGA'TA (D. C. 1. c.) plant quite glabrous ; stems
tufted, much branched, diffuse ; leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate-ob-
long or ovate-lanceolate; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, bear-
ing 4 leaves at the apex; flower sessile, within the involucrum ;
fruit glabrous, smooth. Q.I H. Native of Mexico, where it
was collected by Haenke. Galium laevigatum, Bartl. mss.
Smooth Madder. PI. diffuse.
34 R. ? CORYMBOSA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 591.) stems creeping,
filiform ; branches alternate, erect, corymbosely dichotomous,
tetragonal ; leaves 4 in a whorl, sessile, approximate, oblong-
lanceolate, rather ciliated, glabrous; peduncles 1-flowered, bear-
ing each 4 bracteas : fruit glabrous. — Native of Peru, on the
646
RUBIACE.E. CCXV. RUBIA.
high mountains of Tarma, at Bombom. Galium corymbosum,
Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 59. The roots dye a red colour.
Corymbose-fiowered Madder. PI. creeping.
* * Berries hairy or scabrous. Leaves l-nerved.
35 R. HYPOCA'RPIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 591.) stems tetragonal,
hispid from long villi along the angles ; leaves oval-oblong, hairy
on both surfaces; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, hardly shorter
than the leaves ; bracteas oblong, rather hairy ; flower as well
as the fruit almost sessile within the involucrum ; berries rather
hairy.— Native of Jamaica. P. Browne, jam. p. 141. Valantia
hypocarpia, Lin. spec. 1491. Swartz, obs. p. 385. R. Brownei,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 397. Berries blackish.
Under-fruited Madder. PI. straggling.
86 R. RE'LBUN (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 229.)
the whole plant is scabrous, and clothed with short pili ; stems
acutely tetragonal ; leaves obovate-elliptic, obtuse, mucronate,
rather membranous, with ciliated margins, scabrous from hairs
on both surfaces; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, opposite or
verticillate ; bracteas broad-lanceolate ; flower sessile ; berry
sessile, globose, rather pilose. ^ . F. Native of Chili, Brazil,
and Caraccas. Poep. pi. exsic. chil. no. 705. Feuill. obs. 3. p.
CO. t. 45. R. Chilensis, Willd. spec. 1. p. 604. but not of
Mol. The plant is called Relbun in Chili, as well as other
species ; and the roots are red, and used for dyeing like the
common madder.
Relbun Madder. PI. straggling.
37 R. RICHARDIA'NA (Gill. mss. ex Hook, et Am. in bot.
misc. 3. p. 362.) plant glabrous, scabrous, shining ; stems erect-
ish, teretely quadrangular ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear-oblong,
acute, l-nerved, one-half shorter than the internodes ; peduncles
opposite or in whorles, equal in length to the leaves, bearing 4
bracteas and 3 flowers at the apex ; fruit tubercular in the im-
mature state. — Andes of Mendoza.
Richardson's Rubia. PI. straggling.
38 R. HJENKEA'NA (Gill. mss. ex Hook. bot. misc. 3. p.
363.) plant hairy, hoary ; stems procumbent, terete ; leaves 4 in
a whorl, linear, acute, deflexed, one-nerved, broader at the base ;
peduncles in whorles much longer than the leaves, bearing 3
flowers and 4 bracteas at the apex ; fruit tubercular, scabrous.
1£.F. Native of Chili, about Mendoza.
Hcenke's Rubia. PI. procumbent.
39 R. PUSI'LLA (Gill. mss. ex Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3.
p. 363.) plant tufted, glabrous, branched, shining ; stems smooth,
terete, furrowed ; leaves 4 in a whorl, oblong-linear, mucronate,
with smoothish margins ; peduncles equal in length to the leaves,
bearing 3 flowers and 3 bracteas at the apex ; fruit minutely tu-
bercular when immature. Tf. . F. Native of Chili, in the pro-
vince of San Louis. This has quite the appearance of some
states of Galium pumilum.
Small Rubia. PI. straggling. • .
40 R. ORINOCE'NSIS (H. B. et Kuntb, nov.:gen. amer. 3. p.
239.) stems tetragonal, glabrous, scabrous on the angles; branches
pilose ; leaves on short petioles, oblong, acute, pilose, one-half
shorter than the internodes ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, soli-
tary ; flower almost sessile, within the involucrum ; berries
pilose. I/ . F. Native on the banks of the Orinoco, in hot
places, and of the south of Brazil, ex Cham, et Schlecht. in
Linnaea. 4. p. 228. R. Brownei, Spreng. syst. 1 . p. 397. Ga-
lium pauciflorum, Willd. herb.
Orinoco Madder. PI. straggling.
41 R. MUCRONA'TA (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 363.)
stems prostrate, glabrous, terete, 4-furrowed, branched ; leaves 4
in a whorl, linear-oblong, glabrous, shining, with revolute edges,
3 times shorter than the internodes ; common peduncles axillary,
longer than the leaves; flowers cymose. y.. F. Native of
Chili, about Conception and Tarma ; and of Peru, in arid places.
Galium leucocarpum, D. C. prod. 4. p. 612. Galium Tar-
m£nse, Spreng. syst. p. 27. G. mucronatum. Ruiz et Pav. fl.
per. 1. p. 66. G. apiculatum, Roam, et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 222.
Fruit milk coloured.
Mucronate Madder. PI. prostrate.
42 R. INCA'NA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 338.)
stems tetragonal, hoary from villi ; leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate,
short-acuminated, mucronate, with revolute margins, which are
as well as the middle nerve hispid from pili ; peduncles axillary,
1 -flowered, length of leaves ; flower sessile, within the involu-
crum ; berries rather pilose. 7/ . F. Native on the Andes about
Quindiu, near El Moral. Corolla rather hairy outside.
Hoary Madder. PI. straggling.
43 R. HI'RTA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 338.)
stems tetragonal, hairy ; leaves 4 in a whorl, on short petioles,
oblong, acute, mucronate, hairy ; peduncles axillary, opposite,
1-flowered, hardly shorter than the leaves ; flower sessile, within
the involucrum ; berries scabrous. I/ . F. Native near the
town of Quito.
Hairy Madder. PI. straggling.
* * * Leaves 3-nerved. Berries glabrous.
44 R. NOXIA (St. Hil. pi. rem. bras. p. 229.) stems tetra-
gonal, beset with retrograde bristles along the angles below, and
hairy at top ; leaves sessile, elliptic, obtuse, ending in a very short
point, 3-nerved, membranous, rather pellucid, scabrous from pili
above, and on the nerves beneath ; peduncles axillary, solitary,
1-flowered, pilose ; bracteas 4, ovate ; berries glabrous. — Native
of Brazil, in woods in the province of Minas Geraes. Corollas
greenish, hardly pilose. Flowers either sessile or pedicellate
within the involucrum. Berries white.
Hurtful Madder. PI. straggling.
45 R. A'SPERA (Pohl, inlitt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 592.) stems
tetragonal, glabrous, scabrous along the angles from retrograde
bristles ; leaves sessile, ovate, mucronulate, membranous, 3-
nerved, rather scabrous along the margins and nerves, especially
beneath, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, tetragonal, rather longer
than the leaves ; bracteas oval, glabrous ; berries glabrous, ses-
sile, within the involucrum. I/ . F. Native of Brazil, where it
was collected by Pohl. Nodi of stems scabrous from short
crowded hairs. Bracteas greenish-yellow. Berries blackish.
Rough Madder. PI. straggling.
46 R. DIFFU'SA (Pohl, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 592.) stems
tetragonal, hispid ; leaves sessile, oval, acute, membranous, 3-
nerved, hispid along the margins and nerves, especially beneath ;
peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, longer than the leaves; bracteas
4, ovate, acute, rather hispid ; berry glabrous, sessile within the
involucrum. I/ . F. Native of Brazil, where it was collected
by Pohl. Upper leaves smoothish. Peduncles 5-6 lines long.
Berries blackish.
Diffuse Madder. PI. straggling.
§ 3. Galioidece (this section contains plants having the habit
of species of Galium). D. C. prod. 4. p. 492. American species
with tetrandrous florvers, which are disposed in dichotomous
cymes, never girded by any involucra.
47 R. EQUISETOIDES (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p.
232.) branches compressedly tetragonal, scabrous from retro-
grade bristles ; leaves small, erectly adpressed, somewhat trian-
gular, acute ; cymes divaricate, dichotomous or trichotomous ;
flowers sessile in the forks ; bracteas 4, under the branches ;
berries glabrous. I/ . F. Native of the south of Brazil.
Horse-tail-like Madder. PI. straggling.
48 R. EPHEDROIDES (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p.
231.) glabrous; stem nearly terete; branches acutely tetragonal,
roughish ; leaves narrow-elliptic or linear, acute, smooth ; cymes
1
RUBIACEyE. CCXV. RUBIA. CCXVI. GALIUM.
64-7
dichotomous or trichotomous ; bracteas conforming to the leaves
under the branches ; flowers pedicellate ; berries glabrous. It .
'F. Native of Brazil. Leaves deciduous, smooth.
Epkedra like Madder. PI. straggling.
49 R. SCA'BRA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 340.)
stems tetragonal, beset with retrograde prickles along the
angles ; leaves 6 in a whorl, and the upper ones 4 in a whorl,
sessile, oblong-lanceolate, acutish, with rather revolute and ser-
rulated edges, 3 times shorter than the internodes ; peduncles
terminal, usually by threes ; bracteas 1-3 ; berries glabrous. ©•
H. Native of the Andes about Quindiu, between Carthage and
Ibague. Perhaps a species of Galium nearly allied to G.
Claytoni.
Scabrous Madder. PL straggling.
50 R. DE'BILIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 340.)
stems tetragonal, beset with retrograde prickles along the angles ;
leaves oblong, acute, mucronate, flat, having the margins and
keel beset with retrograde prickles ; peduncles 2-3 together,
terminal, 1 -flowered, naked ; berries glabrous. l/.F. Native
of Quito, in high places near Chillo and Ichubamba. Perhaps a
species of Galium nearly allied to G. ciliatum. Mature fruit
unknown.
Weak Madder. PI. trailing.
Cult. The species will grow in any common soil, and are all
easily increased by dividing at the root or by seeds. Those
species natives of warm climates require to be placed in the
green-house in winter.
CCXVI. GALLIUM (from yaXa, gala, milk; some species
are used for curdling milk). Scop. earn. ed. 2. vol. 1 . p. 94.
D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 248. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p.
481. D. C. prod. 4. p. 593. — Galium and Valantia species, Lin.
— Galium, Aparine, and A'spera, Mcench. meth. — Galium, Eyse-
lia, Aparine, Neck. elem. no. 332. 333. and 335. — Galium and
Aparine, Tourn. inst. t. 39. Mcench. meth. 484. and 640. —
Galium species, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 133.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Digynia. Calyx with an ovate-glo-
bose or oblong tube, and hardly any limb. Corolla 4-parted (f.
111. 6.), rotate, rarely 3-parted. Stamens 4, short (f. 111. c.).
Styles 2, short. Fruit didymous, roundish, rarely oblong, dry,
composed of 2 indehiscent 1 -seeded mericarps. — Branched herbs.
Leaves forming whorles along with the stipulas. Inflorescence
variable.
SECT. I. EUGA'LIUM. Perennial plants.
§ 1. Leiogalia (from Xttoe, lews, smooth, and galium ; in re-
ference to the smooth fruit of the species). Perennial plants.
Leaves 6 to 10 in a mhorl, rarely only 4-5. Flowers disposed in
cymose panicles, hermaphrodite, white. Fruit glabrous.
1 G. SYLVA'TICUM (Lin. spec. p. 155.) stems erect, smooth,
terete, much branched ; leaves 8 in a whorl, elliptic, obtuse,
mucronate, smooth, scabrous beneath, and rather glaucous ;
floral leaves opposite ; peduncles capillary, disposed in a termi-
nal panicle; lobes of corolla obtuse; fruit glabrous. %.. H.
Native throughout Europe (Britain and Sicily excepted), in
woods. B.C. fl. fr. no. 3356.— Bauh. hist. 3. pt. 2. p. 716. f. 4.
Flowers white.
Var. ft, pubescens (D. C. fl. fr. vol. 4. p. 248.) stem, branches,
and nerves on the under side of leaves downy. I/ . H. Native
of Moguntia and elsewhere.
Wood Bed-straw. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1658. PI. I to 2 ft.
2 G. LINIFOLIUM (Lam. diet. 2. p. 578.) stems erect, terete,
smooth ; leaves 4-8 in a whorl, lanceolate-linear, acuminated,
quite glabrous, membranous, glaucous beneath, with smoothish
margins ; peduncles capillary, panicled ; lobes of corolla acute ;
fruit glabrous, smooth. Tf.. H. Native of Dauphiny, Provence,
Italy, &c. in shady places as in woods. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 252.
G. atro-virens, Lapeyr. abr. ex Benth. G. laevigatum, Vill.
dauph. 2. p. 229. Leaves rather rough at the tops from a very
few bristles or prickles. Flowers white.
Var. fi, serrulatum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 593.) leaves membra-
nous, serrulated by prickles round the margins. I/ . H. Native
about Naples, where it was collected by Passy.
Var. y? rigidulum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 593.) leaves stiffish,
subserrated round the margin. I/ . H. Native of the Pyrenees
and Corsica, &c. G. aristatum, Gaud. fl. helv. and perhaps of
Lin. G. glaucum, Sut. fl. helv. ? G. intermedium, Schultes,
obs. bot. no. 153.? G. sylvaticum, Bess. fl. gal. 1. p. 219. G.
glaucum, Oed. fl. dan. t. 609. G. mutabile, Bess. cont. fl. Volh.
no. 1336. is probably referrible to this. Perhaps a proper species.
Flax-leaved Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. PI. 1
to 2 feet, var. y, 3 to 4 feet.
3 G. PASCHA'LE (Forsk. descrip. p. 203.) stems weak, gla-
brous, smooth ; leaves 8-9 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, with sca-
brous margins, glabrous, mucronate ; peduncles axillary, oppo-
site, twice longer than the leaves, trichotomous at the apex ;
fruit glabrous, minute. l/.H. Native about Constantinople.
G. Hierosolymitanum is probably not distinct from this, ex
Vahl, symb. 2. p. 29. but that plant is joined to G. Ice've by
Schrader, and to G. scabrum by Persoon. Flowers white.
Paschale Bed-straw. PI. 1^ foot.
4 G. INCU'RVUM (Sibth and Smith, fl. graec. t. 132.) stems
panicled ; leaves 8 in a whorl, linear, glabrous, awned, in-
curved; lobes of corolla obtuse, awnless ; fruit glabrous. Tf..
H. Native of Crete, on the sphaceotic mountains. Flowers
yellow. — Perhaps the same as G. incurvum, D'Urv. enum. p. 15.
which was collected on rocky hills in the island of Samos. Stem
often pubescent. Peduncles axillary and terminal, trichotomous.
Incurved Bed-straw. PI.
5 G. SUBTRI'FIDUM (Reinw. ex Blum, bijdr. p. 944.) stems
twiggy, obversely scabrous ; leaves usually 6 in a whorl, short,
narrow, linear-spatulate, acutish, rather scabrous ; peduncles
terminal, few-flowered. If. . F. Native of Java, on the moun-
tains. Said to be nearly allied to G. spatulatum and G. pumilum.
Subtrifid Bed-straw. PI. 1 foot ?
6 G. APICULA'TUM (Sibth et Smith, fl. graec. t. 129.) stems
hoary ; leaves 6 in a whorl, lanceolate, rather scabrous ; pedun-
cles trichotomous, leafy ; lobes of corolla apiculated ; fruit gla-
brous. I/ . H. Native of Mounts Parnassus and Athos. Rcem. et
Schultes, syst. p. 229. but not p. 222. Flowers greenish-purple.
Peduncles axillary and terminal, forming a leafy panicled raceme.
4 piculated- flowered Bed-straw. PI. -j to 1 foot.
7 G. INCANUM (Sibth et Smith, FIG. 111.
fl. graec. t. 130.) leaves 6 in a
whorl, linear, and are as well as
the stems hoary ; peduncles 3-
flowered ; lobes of corolla awn-
ed ; fruit glabrous. If. . H. Na-
tive on Mount Parnassus.
Flowers white, (f. 111.)
Hoary Bed-straw. PI. tufted,
•j to | foot.
8 G. OBLI'QUUM (Vill. dauph.
2. p. 324. t. 8.) stems ascending,
tetragonal, villous at the bot-
tom ; leaves 8 in a whorl : lower
ones obovate, villous : upper
ones linear-lanceolate, glabrous ;
peduncles twice trifid, glabrous ;
lobes of corolla ending in a setaceous acumen each ; fruit gla-
brous. 7/ . H. Native of Dauphiny, Piedmont, Etruria, and Aus-
tria, in rugged places, and in hedges among the mountains. G.
mucronatum, Lam. diet. 2. p. 581. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 258.
Flowers white. Habit of G. Boccbni, but differs in the lobes of
the corolla ending in a setaceous point.
618
RUBIACE.E. CCXVI. GALIUM.
Oblique Bed-straw. PI. 1 foot, ascending.
9 G. PUSI'LLUM (Lin. spec. 154. Smith, engl. hot. 74.) stems
diffuse, ascending or decumbent, smooth, glabrous ; leaves 8 in a
whorl, linear-lanceolate, acute, mucronate, glabrous : lower ones
almost obovate ; umbels terminal, trichotomous ; lobes of corolla
acute, not awned ; fruit glabrous, ~}J. . H. Native of Europe,
in dry pastures and in hedges frequent. In Britain on limestone
hills near Kendal ; about Matlock bath, Derbyshire ; in Scot-
land ; and in Ireland, near the lake of Killarney. D. C. fl. fr.
no. 3366. var. a. This is a very variable plant, and to it belong
G. Austriacum, Jacq. fl. aiistr. t. 80. G. lae've, Thuill. fl. par.
ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 77. G. sylvestre vulgatum, Gaudin, fl. helv.
1. p. 248. G. glabrum, Sut. fl. helv. p. 90. G. papillosum,
Lapeyr. abr. p. 66. G. pallens, Thuill. fl. par. G. umbellatum a,
Lam. diet. 2. p. 579. and G. muhicaule oxyphyllum, Wallr.
sched. p. 53. Flowers white. Plants forming tufts. Lower
leaves and stems sometimes slightly hairy.
Small Bed-straw. Fl. June, Aug. England. PI. ^ to 1 ft.
10 G. ALPE'STRE (Gaud, in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 225.)
plant tufted, glabrous, ascending, erectish, stiff; stems smooth,
glabrous ; leaves 8 in a whorl, obversely lanceolate, with smooth-
ish margins ; umbels trichotomous, fastigiate ; lobes of corolla
acute, not awned ; fruit smooth, glabrous, y.. H. Native of
France, Switzerland, Germany, Carniola, and Upper Italy, among
the mountains and alps. G. lae've var. a, ft, and y, D. C. fl. fr.
4. p. 256. G. sylvestre alpestre, Gaud. fl. helv. 1. p. 429. G.
anisophyllum, pusillum, montanum, and argenteum, Vill. dauph.
2. p. 318-324. t. 78. G. lae've, Schleich. G. JussiaeM, Vill.
dauph. 2. p. 323. t. 7. Flowers white. There are varieties of
this species with stems from a finger to a hand high, quite gla-
brous or rather hairy. It is intermediate between G. lee've, G.
Bocconi, and G. supinum, which probably should be all combined
under one name.
Alp Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. £ foot.
1 1 G. BOCCONI (All. ped. no. 24.) stems ascending, tetra-
gonal, downy below ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, obversely lanceo-
late, smoothish, mucronate : lower ones broadest and downy;
umbels trichotomous ; lobes of corolla acute, not awned ; fruit
glabrous, smooth. I/. H. Native of France, Italy, Ger-
many, in dry sterile places, and in hedges. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3367.
G. sylvestre Bocconi, Gaud. fl. helv. 1. p. 430. G. sylvestre
hirsutum, Mert. et Koch, deutsch. fl. G. umbellatum, p, Lam.
G. scabrum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 127. Schleich. exsic. G. syl-
\6stre, Poll. no. 151. G. nitidulum, Thuill. fl. par. 1. p. 86.
G. asperum, Schreb. spic. p. 5. G. hirsutum, Sut. fl. helv. G.
Marchandi, Lapeyr. abr. p. 25. G. Jussiae'i, Lapeyr. ex Ar-
nott. G. multicaule eriopbyllum, Wallr. sched. p. 54. — Bocc.
mus. t. 101. Barrel, icon. t. 57. Flowers white, tinged with
red outside. Probably only a variety of G. lafve.
BocconVs Bed-straw. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1801. PI. 1 foot,
ascending.
12 G. I-U'MILUM (Lam. diet. 2. p. 580. ill. no. 1368. t. 60.
f. 2.) plant tufted : leaves 6-8 in a whorl, linear, smooth, bisul-
cate beneath, very acute, tumid at the base ; flowers almost
terminal, subumbellate ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; fruit
glabrous. 2£. H. Native of the Pyrenees, in rugged places,
£c. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3374. Req. diss. mss. G. trichophyllum,
All. ped. auct. p. 1. Flowers white. Lobes of the corolla
obtuse.
Var. a, hypnoldes (Vill. dauph. 2. p. 323.) plant tufted, erect-
ish ; peduncles 2-3-flowered. i;. H. Native of Dauphiny,
frequent on the mountains.
Var. ft, cfEspitosum (Req. diss. mss.) stems decumbent, much
branched ; pedicels 1 -flowered. Tf. . H. Native of the Pyre-
nees, in high pastures. G. caespitosum, Ramond, act. acad. sc.
par. 1826. p. 155. Lam. ill. no. 1369.? G. Jussiae'i, Vill. ex
Gaud, inlitt.
Var. y, rectum (Req. diss. mss.) stems erectish, branched
above ; peduncles divided, 2-4-flowered. 1{ . H. Native of
Provence, &c. among rocks.
Var. S, pubescent (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 496.) stems tufted,
erectish, and are, as well as the leaves, downy. I/. H. Native
of Provence, in exposed, rocky places. G. pubescens, Req. in
litt. 1813. G. pusillum, Lin. spec. 154. G. pumilum hirtel-
lum, Gaud. fl. helv. 1. p. 433.
Dwarf Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pi. tufted.
13 G. LITTORA'LE (Guss. fl. sic. prod. 1. p. 172.) stems stiff,
tetragonal ; branches approximate ; leaves usually 8 in a whorl,
oblong-lanceolate, dilated at the apex, mucronate, a little ser-
rated on the margin, spreading or reflexed ; branches of panicle
trichotomous, erect ; corolla downy outside, with ovate-lanceo-
late, awned lobes. 1£ . H. Native of Sicily, in sandy, bushy-
places by the sea side. Flowers white. Nearly allied to C?.
Mollugo and G. apiculatum.
Var. ft, pubescens (Guss. 1. c.) stems and peduncles downy or
villous at top.
Sea-shore Bed-straw. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
14 G. SUPINUM (Lam. diet. 2. p. 579.) stems procumbent,
filiform, branched, smooth ; leaves 5 in a whorl, obovate-linear,
with prickly or scabrous edges ; umbels trichotomous ; lobes of
corolla awnless ; fruit glabrous. I/ . H. Native of the tem-
perate parts of Europe, in hedges. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3372. Req.
diss. mss. G. sylvestre pumilum, Mert. et Koch, deutsch. fl. 1.
p. 789. Gaud. fl. helv. 1. p. 431. G. Jussise'i, Vill. dauph. 2.
p. 323. ? G. multicaule polyphyllum, Wallr. sched. p. 59. Juss.
act. acad. par. 1714. p. 378. t. 15. f. 2. but the plant, in Jussieu's
herbarium, has the margins of the leaves smooth and revolute.
Flowers white.
Supine Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. proc.
15 G. TYROIE'NSE (Willd. enum. 1. p. 153.) stems flaccid,
tetragonal, equal, smooth ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, obovate-lan-
ceolate, mucronate, with scabrous margins ; floriferous branches
panicled ; peduncles trifid ; lobes of corolla awned ; fruit
smooth, glabrous. 11 . H. Native about Tyrol, on the moun-
tains, &c. Req. diss. mss. G. splendens, Horn, suppl. 17.?
G. Mollugo, var. Link. Flowers white. Probably a mere
variety of G. Mullugo.
Tyrolese Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1801. PI. 1 to2ft.
16 G. CINEVREUM (All. ped. no. 22. t. 77. f. 4.) stems erect,
woody at the base, much branched, panicled at top, tetragonal
and smooth ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, linear, glaucous beneath,
stiff, mucronate, with hardly scabrous margins, usually re-
flexed ; branches of panicle trichotomous ; lobes of corolla
ending in a setaceous mucrone each : fruit glabrous, smooth.
11 . H. Native of the south of France, in exposed places ; and
Upper Italy and Vallais. In the lowlands of Scotland, on the
banks of the river Leith near Slateford, 3 miles from Edinburgh.
D. C. fl. fr. no. 3364. G. diffusum, Hook. scot. p. 52. Bristles
on the edges of the leaves pointing forward. Flowers white.
Var. ft, tenuifolmm (D. C. prod. 4. p. 595.) leaves linear, and
stiffer than those of the species. 2£. H. Native of Piedmont
and Dauphiny. G. tenuifblium, All. ped. no. 23. D. C. fl. fr.
no. 3365. G. corrudaefolium. Vill. dauph. 2. p. 320. G. pal-
lidum, Presl. fl. sic. pr. 60.
Var. y, pubescens (D. C. fl. fr. no. 3364.) lower part of the
stems and lower leaves downy. T£. H. Native of dry, exposed
places.
Grey Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Scotland. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
1 7 G. HYRCA'NICUM (Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 53.) plant glauces-
cent, downy ; stems erectish, branched a little, tetragonal,
smooth ; leaves 6 in a whorl, nearly linear, mucronately acumi-
nated, 1 -nerved, smooth; umbels trichotomous, terminal; co-
rolla glabrous, having the lobes terminated by a deciduous,
jnflexcd point ; fructiferous pedicels erectly spreading, hardly
RUBIACEjE. CCXVI. GAUDM.
649
twice the length of the fruit. I/ . H. Native of Caucasus,
among rocks, and in stony, dry places, on the Talusch mountains.
Hyrcanian Bed-straw. PI. 1 foot.
18 G. ERE'CTUM (Huds. angl. p. 68. Smith, engl. hot. 2067.)
stems erect, branched at the top, tetragonal, smooth, equal ;
leaves 6-8 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, mucronate, stiff, having
the margins serrulated with prickles ; panicles trichotomous,
lobes of corolla acuminated ; fruit glabrous, smooth. I/. H.
Native of Europe, in hedges and pastures. In England, on the
bushy part of Heydon Common ; and in dry hedges at Port-Slade.
D. C. fl. fr. no. 3362. Req. diss. mss. G. provincialis, Lam. diet.
2. p. 581. Stem slightly hairy under each joint. Marginal bristles
of leaves pointing forwards. Flowers white. Perhaps a mere
variety of G. Mollugo.
Var. ft, lucidum (D. C. 1. c.) lobes of corolla setaceously
acuminated. Tf.. H. Native of hills in Piedmont and Dauphiny.
G. lucidum, All. ped. no. 21. t. 77. -f. 2. G. rigidum, Vill.
dauph. 2. p. 319.
Var. y, scdbridum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 596.) lower part of
stem and lower leaves clothed with scabrous pubescence. 1£ .
H. Native of Switzerland and Austria, on dry hills. G. pu-
bescens, Schleich. exsic. G. scabrum, Jacq. fl. aust. t. 422.
G. lucidum, ft, Gaud. fl. helv. 1. p. 419.
Var. I, approximatum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 596.) whorles of
leaves closer together. I/ . H. G. lucidum, Hort. par.
Erect Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
19 G. MOLLU'GO (Lin_ spec, p. 155.) stems flaccid, tetra-
gonal, thickened above the nodi, glabrous, spreadingly branched ;
leaves 6-8 in a whorl, elliptic-obovate, mucronate, spreading,
serrated a little ; peduncles much branched, disposed in pani-
cles ; lobes of corolla acuminated ; fruit glabrous, smooth. 1{.
H. Native almost throughout Europe and Caucasus, in hedges ;
plentiful in Britain. Older, fl. dan. t. 455. Bull. herb. t. 283.
Smith, engl. bot. t. 1673. Lob. icon. t. 802. f. 12. G. boreale,
Lapeyr. ex Benth. — Petiv. herb. brit. t. 30. f. 4. Flowers
white, and sometimes yellowish. Herb very variable in height
and breadth of leaves. Leaves hairy on the margins and keel,
but never rough to the touch. The plant is called Wild Madder,
and Great Bastard Madder. The roots are creeping, and yield
a red dye like the true Madder, but of a brighter colour : like
that also they dye the bones of animals red that feed on them.
Vau. ft, aristatum (Dub. bot. gall. p. 249.) lobes of corolla
mucronate. 2/ . H. G. aristatum, Lin. spec. 152. D. C. fl.
fr. 4. p. 255.
Var. y, scabrum (D. C. fl. fr. no. 3361. ft.) lower parts of
stems and lower leaves scabrous from hairs. I/ . H. Native of
exposed places. G. scabrum, With. brit. 190.
Var, S, elatum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 596.) stems taller and more
tumid at the joints. It . H. Native of moist places, as bogs.
G. elatum, Thuill.fl. par. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 76.
Mollugo, or Great-hedge Bed-straw. Fl. July, Aug. Britain.
PI. 2 to 4 feet.
20 G. FRUTICOSUM (Willd. spec. 1. p. 585.) stems suffrutes-
cent, glabrous, tetragonal ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, very
blunt, glabrous ; flowers densely panicled at the tops of the
branches; lobes of corolla acuminated ; fruit glabrous. 3£. H.
Native of Candia. Cruciata Cretica frutic6sa, flore albo, Tourn.
cor. p. 4. Very nearly allied to G. Mollugo.
Shrubby Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. Sh. 1 ft.
21 G. MEDITERRA'NEUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 596.) stems
ascending, tetragonal, smooth ; lower leaves 4 in a whorl, obo-
vate, mucronulate : upper leaves 6 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate,
mucronate, with rather scabrous margins ; peduncles di-tricho-
tomous ; lobes of corolla ending in an awn ; fruit glabrous. I/ . H.
Native of Corsica, on Mount Reston, where it was collected by
M. Thomas ; and on the mountains of Liguria, by Badaro. G.
VOL. III.
campestre, Dub. bot. gall. 1. p. 248. but not of Willd. Flowers
white or yellowish. It differs from G. campestre in the stem
being smooth, not scabrous on the angles, in the form of the
leaves, and in the awned lobes of the corolla.
Mediterranean Bed-straw. PI. ascending.
22 G. MA'XIMUM (Moris, elench. sard. 1. p. 55.) plant gla-
brous ; stems smoothish, much branched, erect ; leaves 6 in a
whorl, oblong-linear, obtuse, with scabrous edges ; branches 4
in a whorl ; peduncles trichotomous ; lobes of corolla acutish ;
fruit glabrous. Tj . H. Native of Sardinia, among bushes, and
in wet pastures by the sea side.
Largest Bed-straw. PI. 2 to S feet. ?
23 G. INSU'BRICUM (Gaud. fl. helv. 1. p. 421.) plant gla-
brous ; stems decumbent, much branched ; leaves obovate,
apiculated, serrated with prickles : cauline ones 6 in a whorl :
rameal ones 4 in a whorl ; umbels trifid, few-flowered ; bracteas
oblong, solitary ; lobes of corolla drawn out into a thread each ;
fruit glabrous. 2/ . H. Native of Switzerland and Insubria,
in rocky, stony places. Flowers very small, white. Allied to
G. Mollugo.
Insubrian Bed-straw. PI. decumbent.
24 G. PYRENA'ICUM (Gouan. ill. p. 5. t. 1. f. 4.) plant tufted,
quite glabrous, greenish-glaucous, shining ; stems striated, smooth ;
leaves 6 in a whorl, linear, aristate, erect, approximate, rather
tumid at the base ; pedicels axillary, solitary, 3 times shorter
than the leaves, 1 -flowered; fruit glabrous, y.. H. Native
of the Pyrenees, especially on the eastern and central ranges ;
and on the top of Mount Olympus, in Bithynia. Lin. fil. suppl.
p. 121. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3373. exclusive of the syn. of Vill.
Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 131. G. muscoldes, Lam. diet. 2. p.
580. Flowers pure white. Leaves keeled, with revolute edges.
Pyrencean Bed-straw. PI. ^ foot, tufted.
25 G. VILLA' RSII (Req. in Guer. in vaucl. ed. 2. p. 250.)
stems flaccid, filiform, glabrous, much branched ; leaves 4-fi in
a whorl, oblong-linear, soft, mucronate, with smoothish margins ;
peduncles by threes, trifid, subumbellate ; lobes of corolla awn-
less ; fruit smooth, glabrous. I/ . H. Native of the Alps of
Europe and the Pyrenees, on rocks, or in stony pastures. D. C.
fl. fr. suppl. p. 497. Gaud, in Roam, et Schultes, syst. 3. p.
220. Benth. cat. p. 80. G. megalosperma, All. ped. no. 55.
t. 79. f. 4. ? Vill. dauph. 2. p. 517. t. 7. but not of Lam. G.
sylvestre virens, Gaud. fl. helv. 1. p. 432. G. megalospermum,
suaveolens, and cometerhizon, Lapeyr. abrig. and suppl. ex
Benth. Herb blackish in the dried state. Fruit larger than in
the allies. Flowers small, white.
Villars's Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. dec.
26 G. ULIGINOSUM (Lin. spec. 153.) stems weak, erectish,
scabrous along the angles ; leaves 6 in a whorl, obovate-lanceo-
late, serrulated on the margins and nerve, with retrograde
prickles, mucronate, stiff; peduncles almost terminal, trichoto-
mous ; lobes of corolla acute; fruit glabrous, dotted. 1£. H.
Native of Europe and Siberia, in bogs, wet meadows, and ditches,
among reeds ; plentiful in Britain. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3371. Req.
diss. Smith, engl. bot. 1. 1972. Schrad. spic. 17. t. 1. f. 1. Hook,
fl. lond. fasc. 1. t. 21. G. spinu!6sum, Merat, ex Lejeun. fl. spa.
p. 33. ? G. suplnum, ft, Lam. diet. 2. p. 579. G. spurium, ft, Sut.
fl. helv. no. 175. Corollas white; anthers purplish. Root and
lateral shoots creeping.
Var. a, Withermgii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 597,) leaves lanceolate :
lower ones 5-6 in a whorl : upper 4 in a whorl, beset with hooked
prickles on the margins : the serratures often tumid towards
the apex. I/. H. Native of Scotland, in bogs. G. montanum,
With. arr. p. 187. t. 28. G. Witheringii, Smith, fl. brit. p. 174.
engl. bot. t. 2206. The prickles on the edges of the leaves are
sometimes retrograde, sometimes straight, and sometimes forward.
Bog Bed-straw. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 1 foot.
4 O
650
RUBIACE.E. CCXVI. GALIUM.
27 G. HELODES (Hoffm. et Link. fl. port. 2. p. 47.) stems
weak, diffuse, scabrous ; leaves 5-6 in a whorl, lanceolate-
linear, mucronulate, scabrous above and on the margins ;
panicles capillary. I/. H. Native of Portugal, in marshes
about Torres Vedras. G. uliginosum, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 150.
It is very like G. uliginosum, and probably only a variety of it.
Marsh Bed-straw. Fl. July. Clt. 1325. PI. decumbent.
28 G. PALU'STKE (Lin. spec. p. 153.) stems diffuse, tetragonal,
rather scabrous ; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, obovate, obtuse, unequal,
glabrous, with scabrous edges : superior ones lanceolate ; pedun-
cles nearly terminal, trichotomous ; lobes of corolla ovate, awn-
less ; fruit smooth, glabrous. TJ. . H. Native of Europe and
Siberia, on the banks of rivers and ditches, and in moist mea-
dows ; frequent in Britain. (Ed. fl. dan. t. 423. Smith, engl.
hot. t. 1857. Hook. fl. lond. fasc. 1. t. 20.— Petiv. brit. t. 30. f.
5. Roots creeping. Flowers numerous, white. Plant tall when
supported by other herbage.
Var. ft, constrictum (Dub. bot. gall. 1. p. 260.) leaves linear.
1]. . H. G. constrictum, Chaub. in St. A mans. fl. agr. bouq. t. 2.
G. elongatum, Presl. fl. sic. prod. p. 59.
Var. y, debile (D. C. prod. 4. p. 597.) leaves 5-6 in a whorl ;
stem roughish. I/. H. G. debile, Desv. obs. fl. par. 134.
G. uliginbsum, Mer. fl. par. 2. p. 220.
Fen Bed-straw. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
29 G. suBER6suM (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 128.) stems
diffuse, much branched, smooth ; leaves 4 in a whorl, lanceolate,
acute, glabrous : flowers terminal and axillary, by threes ; fruit
glabrous. If, 1 1. Native of Candia, on the mountains. Leaves
with roughish margins. Flowers greenish-purple, bracteolate.
Bracteas ciliated, ovate, acute.
Cor&y-fruited Bed-straw. PI. diffuse.
30 G. SATUREIJEFOLIUM (Trev. mag. nat. amic. berl. 1815.
vol. 7. p. 146.) stems flaccid, scabrous along the angles ; lower
leaves 6 in a whorl, rameal ones 4 in a whorl, linear-elliptic, un-
equal ; branches of panicle dichotomous, panicled ; fruit gla-
brous, spherical, emarginate. If. H. Native of Tauria, among
reeds about Astrachan ; and of Caucasus, in humid places near
Lenkeran, mixed with G. palustre, Bieb. suppl. 106. G. pa-
lustre, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 103. Corolla white.
Savory-leaved Bed-straw. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 ft.
31 G. TRIFIDUM (Lin. spec. p. 153.) stems ascending or pro-
cumbent, scabrous below ; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, linear, obtuse,
scabrous on the margins and nerve beneath ; peduncles slender,
spreading, trifid ; lobes of corolla 3-4, obtuse ; fruit glabrous,
smooth. If. H. Native of Sweden, Norway, Lapland, Island
of Unalaska, and Falkland Islands, in humid places ; and of the
Island of Sitka. CEd. fl. dan. t. 48. Cham, et Schlecht. in
Linnaea. 3. p. 221. Torr. fl. un. st. 1. p. 165. G. Claytoni,
Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 78. G. trifidum and G. Claytoni,
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. G. tinctorium, Richards, in Frankl.
journ. append. 732. Corollas white. This species varies in
size from an inch to a foot in length.
Var. ft, latifdlium (Torr. fl. un. st. 1. p. 165.) leaves obovate-
cuneated. if. H. Native of North America.
7Yj/M-ped uncled Bed-straw. Fl.Ju. July. Clt. 1826. PI. proc.
32 G. TINCTORIUM (Lin. spec. p. 153.) stems decumbent,
smooth ; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, linear, obtuse, scabrous on the
margins and keel ; peduncles axillary and terminal, elongated,
subcorymbose, many-flowered; lobes of corolla 4, obtuse; fruit
glabrous, smooth. T(. H. Native of North America, in low
marshy places, as in Canada, United States, Newfoundland;
Straits of De Fuca, on the North-west Coast. Very nearly allied
to the preceding, but differs from it in the stems being smooth,
in the peduncles being longer, and in the flowers being always 4-
parted. It is said that from the roots of this species the Indians
prepare the red dye with which they colour the feathers and
other ornaments of their dress. Some states of G. palustre, in
our country, when they have more numerous leaves than usual,
are scarcely distinguishable from the G. tinctorium.
Dyers' Bed-straw. PI. decumbent.
33 G. OBTU'SUM (Torr. fl. host. ed. 2. p. 55.) stems smooth;
procumbent, tetragonal ; leaves 4 in a whorl, oblanceolate, obtuse,
roughish on the margins and nerve ; peduncles 3-flowered ; lobes
of corolla acute ; fruit smooth, globose. l/.H. Native about
Boston, on the banks of rivers and rivulets. Corollas white.
Blunt-leaved Bed-straw. PI. procumbent.
34 G. ASPRE'LLUM (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 178.) stems
diffuse, much branched, tetragonal, rough from retrograde
prickles along the angles ; cauline leaves 6 in a whorl, rameal
ones 4, lanceolate, acuminated, prickly on the nerve and mar-
gins ; floriferous branches divaricate, many-flowered ; pedicels
short; lobes of corolla awnless ; fruit glabrous. l/.H. Native
of North America, from Canada to Virginia. Pursh. fl. amer.
sept. 1. p. 103. Flowers white. Perhaps the same as G. Clay-
toni or G. trifidum.
Hough Bed-straw. PI. decumbent.
35 G. HELVE'TICUM (Weig. obs. p. 24.) stems weak, tufted,
glabrous ; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, oblong-linear, mucronate, at-
tenuated at the base, with scabrous margins ; peduncles shorter
than the leaves, nearly terminal, few-flowered ; fruit glabrous,
smooth ; lobes of corolla obtuse. I/. H. Native of Dauphiny,
Piedmont, Spain, Pyrenees, Switzerland, on rocks. Gaud. fl.
helv. 1. p. 434. &c. Lam. diet. 2. p. 584. Req. diss. mss. G.
Baldense, Spreng. pug. 1. p. 10. ex Jan. et Gaud. Plant be-
coming black on drying. Flowers white. — Juss. mem. de 1'acad.
de Par. 1714. t. 15. f. 1.
Swiss Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. £ foot.
36 G. SAXA'TILE (Lin. spec. 154. Smith, engl. bot. 1815.)
stems procumbent or straggling, glabrous ; leaves 6 in a whorl,
obovate, obtuse, mucronate, roughish on the edges ; flowers in
forked lateral and terminal panicles ; fruit didymous, granulated.
7f . H. Native of Sweden, Germany, France; plentiful in Bri-
tain, on heaths and hilly ground. G. Hercynicum, Weig. obs. p.
25. D. C. icon. rar. t. 25. G. montanum, Huds. angl. p. 67.
G. procximbens, With. 187. — Petiv. herb. brit. t. 30. f. 8. G.
multicaule, var. Wallr. in litt. Root creeping. Plant becoming
blackish on drying. Flowers white, copious.
Hercynian Bed-straw. Fl. Ju. Aug. Britain. PI. procumb.
37 G. ASPERiFor.iuM (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 381.) stems
branched, weak, tetragonal, scabrous from recurved hairs along
the angles ; leaves 6 in a whorl, oblong-linear, somewhat cu-
neated, mucronate, rather scabrous above, but beset with re-
curved hairs on the nerve beneath and margins ; peduncles axil-
lary, many-flowered, disposed in a kind of leafy panicle ; fruit
glabrous. — Native of Nipaul. Req. diss. mss. G. parviflorum,
D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 133. Flowers white, but blackish when
dried. Lower leaves 8 in a whorl. The stem and branches are
soft, while the leaves are harsh.
Rough-leaved Bed-straw. PI. diffuse.
88 G. JE'THNICUM (Biv. man. 4. p. 21.) root creeping; stems
tetragonal, smooth ; leaves 6 in a whorl, mucronate, with prickly
serrated margins : lower ones spatulate, upper ones linear ; pe-
duncles trichotomous, disposed in a short panicle ; lobes of corolla
awned. If. H. Native of Mount Etna, above the woody
region. Guss. prod. 1. p. 174. fl. sic. ined. t. 63. f. 1. G. trina-
crium, Room, et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 238. G. jEthnense, Presl.
fl. sic. p. 60. Flowers white. Very nearly allied to G. cinereum.
Root long, red. Leaves 8-9 in a whorl, ex Rcem. et Schultes.
Etna Bed-straw. PI. tufted.
39 G. FRUTICE'SCENS (Cav. icon. 3. p. 3. t. 206. f. 1.) stems
suffrutescent at the base, erect ; branches tetragonal, glabrous ;
leaves 6 in a whorl, linear, mucronate, subrevolute ; peduncles
RUBIACE.E. CCXVI. GALIUM.
651
usually 2-3-flowered ; lobes of corolla acute ; fruit glabrous, fy ,
F. Native of Spain, in great plenty on the mountains of Val-
digna and Enguera, &c. G. Capense, /3, Pers. ench. Flowers
white, racemose.
Frutescent Bed-straw. Shrub 1 foot.
40 G. DE'BILE (Hoffmans. et Link. fl. port. 2. p. 48.) stems
weak, tetragonal, branched, rather scabrous ; leaves 6 in a whorl,
linear, ending in a short mucrone, with roughish margins : the
prickles bending forward, not backwards, as in most of the spe-
cies ; panicles erect. If., H. Native of Portugal, in humid
meadows. Corollas white. Nearly allied to G. palustre and
G. helddes, and probably only a mere variety of one of them.
Weak Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI. dec.
41 G. ARISTA'TUM (Lin. spec. 152. Smith, engl. fl. 1. p. 204.)
stem erect, much branched, spreading, smooth ; leaves 6 in a
whorl, petiolate, lanceolate, flat, bristly pointed, with minute
marginal prickles, which point forward ; lobes of corolla acumi-
nated ; seeds smooth, kidney-shaped, separated. If. . H. Na-
tive of many parts of Europe ; in Scotland, on hilly ground, in
Angusshire, but not common. — Barrel, icon. 1. t. 356. — Bocc.
mus. 1. t. 75. Flowers white, in terminal forked compound pani-
cles. The upper leaves are sometimes 4-5 in a whorl.
Awned Bed-straw. Fl. July, Au<jf. Scotland. PL 1 foot.
42 G. JU'NCEUM (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 127.) stems erect,
smooth ; leaves 4 in a whorl, obovate-linear, obtuse, glabrous ;
flowers crowded, panicled ; fruit glabrous. If. . H. Native of
Candia, in hedges, and on the margins of fields. Flowers
cream-coloured. Root creeping.
Rushy Bed-straw. PL 1 to 2 feet.
§ 2. Platygalia (from irXamc, platys, broad, and galium ; in
reference to the leaves of the species being broad). D, C. prod.
4. p. 598. Perennial, herbaceous plants. Leaves broad, 4 in a
whorl. Flowers disposed in cymose panicles, hermaphrodite,
white, very rarely purple or cream-coloured. Fruit glabrous,
43 TATA'RICUM (Trev. mag. am. nat. cur. berl. 1815. p. 146.)
stems quadrangular, scabrous from retrograde prickles along the
angles; leaves 4 in a whorl, lanceolate, equal, acuminated, 1-
nerved, scabrous along the margins above, and on the nerves be-
neath ; peduncles axillary, shorter than the leaves, trichotomous,
few-flowered ; fruit glabrous. If. . H. Native of Tartary, on
the Ural mountains, ex Fisch ; and frequent about Astrachan,
ex Trev. Stem purplish at the base. Corollas white, with
obtuse lobes.
Tartarian Bed-straw. PL 1 foot.
44 G. LATIFOLIUM (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 70. but not of
D. Don.) stems erect, smooth ; leaves 4 in a whorl, oval-lan-
ceolate, acuminated, 3-nerved, membranous, having the margins
and nerves hispid from very minute bristles ; peduncles axillary,
opposite, or terminal, divaricate, trichotomous, loosely many-
flowered ; fruit glabrous. If. . H. Native of Carolina, on the
mountains. Ell. sketch. 1. p. 194. Flowers dark purple. One
of the mericarps of the fruit is abortive, and therefore the fruit
is 1 -seeded. Leaves 1-2 inches long.
Broad-leaved Bed-straw. PL 1 foot. ?
45 G. RUBIOIDES (Lin. spec. p. 152.) stems erect, straight, te-
tragonal, simple, smoothish ; leaves 4 in a whorl, lanceolate, 4 or
5 times longer than broad, 3-nerved, often scabrous on the nerves
beneath and margins ; peduncles axillary, trichotomous, much
longer than the leaves, disposed in a terminal panicle ; bracteas
ovate-oblong; fruit glabrous. ^. H. Native of Europe, in
meadows and woods, especially in the temperate parts ; and of
Siberia and Caucasus, even to Kamtschatka. G. rubioides, var. a,
Lam. diet. 2. p. 576. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 214. Buxb.
cent. 2. t. 29. G. diffusum, Schrad. Link, enum. 1. p. 134. ex
Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 220. G. hyssopifolium,
Hoffm. germ. 1. p. 71. Root creeping, red. Flowers pale yel-
low, or cream-coloured. Very like G. boreale, but larger, with
broader leaves. There is a variety of this species with hispid
fruit, according to Steven, obs. p. 70.
Var. fl, angustijblium ; leaves narrower and longer ; flowers
fewer. 1£.H. Native of Kotzebue's Sound ; abundant in dry
elevated soils, under the shade of solitary pines, in the valley of
Columbia, North-west America. The leaves are almost as nar-
row as those of G. boreale, but the inflorescence and fruit are
very different. G. rubioides, Hook, et Am. in Beech, voy. pt.
bot. p. 115. and 125. This variety has been received by Dr.
Hooker from the United States, under the name of G. Ber-
mudidnum.
Madder-like Bed-straw. Fl. July. Clt. 1775. PI. 1 foot.
46 G. ARTICULA'TUM (Lam. diet. 1. p. 260.) stems ascending,
nodose at the joints, tetragonal, smoothish ; leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, 3 times longer than broad, 3-nerved, with scabrous edges ;
peduncles trichotomous, disposed in a crowded corymbose pani-
cle : bracteas ovate ; fruit glabrous. 1£. H. Native of Tauria,
Caucasus, and the Levant, in meadows, and along the margins of
paths in woods. Req. diss. mss. ex herb. D. C. Valantia arti-
culata, Lam. ill. t. 843. f. 3. G. rubioides, Bieb. fl. taur. 1.
p. 102. ex spec. Stev. G. articulatum and G. geniculatum,
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 215. and 250. G. rubioides, /3,
Lam. diet. 2. p. 576. Flowers cream-coloured, sometimes small.
Jointed Bed-straw. FL July, Aug. Clt. 1752. PL 1 foot.
47 VALANTIOIDES (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 102.) stems erectish,
branched at the base, glabrous, smooth along the angles ; leaves
4 in a whorl, rhomboid-lanceolate, twice longer than broad, ob-
tuse, 3-nerved, rather scabrous on both surfaces ; panicle tricho-
tomous, much branched; fruit glabrous, smooth. 1£. H. Na-
tive of Caucasus, among subalpine rocks. Req. diss. mss. ex
herb. D. C. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 215. Very nearly
allied to G. rubioides and G. articulatum. Flowers cream-
coloured. ? There is a variety of this with hispid fruit, according
to Stev. obs. p. 70.
Valantia-like Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PL 1 ft.
$ 3. Trichogalia (from Spiij rpi^os, thrix trichos, a hair, and
galium ; in reference to the fruit being hispid). D. C. prod. 4.
p. 599. Perennial herbaceous plants. Leaves 4-10 in a whorl.
Flowers hermaphrodite, usually white, disposed in cymose panicles.
Fruit hispid.
48 G. CA'SPICUM (Stev. obs. pi. ross. p. 70.) whole plant vil-
lous ; stems obsoletely tetragonal ; lower leaves 8 in a whorl,
lanceolate-oblong, mucronate, upper ones opposite ; floriferous
branches panicled, and are, as well as the fruit, villous. 1£. H.
Native of the north of Persia, in the province of Ghilan. Flowers
white. Stature and leaves of G. sylvaticum, but the panicle is
dense, like that of G. mollugo.
Caspian Bed-straw. PL 1 to 2 feet.
49 G. ROTUNDIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. p. 156. exclusive of var. /3.)
stems diffuse, glabrous ; leaves 4 in a whorl, roundish-ovate,
3-nerved, ciliated ; peduncles axillary and terminal, loose, elong-
ated, naked, trichotomous at the apex ; fruit nearly globose,
beset with bristles, which are hooked at the apex. I/ . H. Na-
tive nearly throughout the whole of Europe, in mountain woods ;
and on the Taluseh mountains in Caucasus. Lam. diet. 2. p.
577. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3386. G. decipiens, Ehrh. herb. p. 63.
Asperula Isevigata, /3, Lam. diet. 1. p. 298. — Bocc. sic. t. 6. f. 1.
— Moris, hist. 9. t. 21. f. 5. — Barrel, icon. t. 323. Flowers
white. Stems procumbent.
Round-leaved Bed-straw. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1821. PL proc.
50 G. ELLIPTICUM (Willd. enum. suppl. 1813. Horn. cat.
hort. hafn. suppl. 1819. p. 17.) stems erectish, hairy; leaves 4
in a whorl ; panicles axillary and terminal, trichotomous, capil-
4 o 2
652
RUBIACEjE. CCXVI. GALIUM.
lary ; fruit nearly globose, hispid from bristles, which are hooked
at the apex. I/. H. Native of Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, on
hills and in woods. Guss. prod. 1. p. 176. Presl. del. prag.
1822. p. 122. G. Barrelieri, Salzm. in flora, 1820. p. 107.
Duby, bot. gall. 1. p. 251. Lois. fl. gall. ed. 2. p. 114.— Bar-
rel, icon. t. 324. — Bocc. sic. t. 0. f. 1. — G. rotundifSlium, var.
ft, Room, et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 254. G. ovalifolium, Schott.
isis. 1818. p. 821. Flowers white; but there is a variety also
with reddish flowers, according to Soleir, in litt.
Elliptic-leaved Bed-straw. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 ft.
51 G. OBOYA'TUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 336.
t. 278.) stems almost simple, pilose ; leaves 4 in a whorl, on
short petioles, obovate, acute, flat, smoothish, ciliated, 4 times
shorter than the internodes ; flowers terminal, by threes, pedun-
culate; fruit covered with hooked bristles. — Native of South
America, in temperate parts of the kingdom of Quito, about
Chillo and Guancabamba. Corolla of a whitish violaceous colour.
Nearly allied to G. rotundifblium.
Obovate-leaved Bed-straw. PL 1^ foot.
52 G. JAVA'NICUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 943.) branches tetragonal,
hairy ; leaves 4 in a whorl, roundish obovate, 3 -nerved, with the
margins and veins downy beneath ; cymes pedunculate, trichoto-
inous, leafy. — Native of the East of Java, on the mountains.
Said to be allied to G. ilegans.
Java Bed-straw. PL
53 G. NEESIA'NUM (Req. diss. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 600.)
stems ascending, erectish, branched, tetragonal, beset with soft
hairs ; leaves 4 in a whorl, roundish-ovate, ending each in a
very short cusp, 3-nerved, hairy ; peduncles axillary and terminal,
longer than the leaves, trichotomous, hairy ; fruit nearly glo-
bose, beset with hooked bristles. %. F. Native of TenerifFe,
in the Chestnut woods. G. hirsutum, Nees, in Buch. in hor.
berl. p. 113. t. 22. but not of Ruiz et Pavon. G. ovalifolium,
Schott, Spix, and Mart. 1. p. 55. ex Link, in Buch. can. p. 151.
Flowers white. Said to be nearly allied to G. rotundifolium.
Nees's Bed-straw. PL ascending.
54 G. E'LEGANS (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 382.) stems dif-
fuse, ascending, tetragonal, hairy ; leaves 4 in a whorl, elliptic,
obtuse, sessile, 3-nerved, rather hairy above, and villous along
the nerves and margins beneath ; peduncles axillary and terminal,
trichotomous, hardly pilose, disposed in a panicle ; fruit roundish,
hispid from bristles, which are hooked at the apex. 2£ . F. Na-
tive of Nipaul. G. Pundimnum, Wall. cat. no. 6212. Roots
creeping. Fruit small. Flowers white. Habit of G. cruciatum.
Far. ft, glabriusculum (Req. diss. mss. ex D. C. 1. c.) stems
and leaves smoothish. l/.H. Native of Nipaul.
Elegant Bed-straw. PL diffuse, 1| foot.
55 G. HAMILTONII (Spreng. cur. post. p. 39.) stems erect,
branched, pilose ; leaves 4 in a whorl, oblong, acute, rather pi-
lose on both surfaces ; peduncles terminal, trichotomous, loose-
flowered ; fruit hispid. 11 . F. Native of Upper Nipaul, at
Mereba. G. latifolium, Ham. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 133.
Hamilton's Bed-straw. Pl.l£ foot.
56 G. HiRTiFLORUM (Req. diss. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
600.) stems weak, branched, rather scabrous; leaves 4-6 in a
whorl, linear, bluntish, glabrous above, and scabrous from pili
on the keel and margins beneath ; peduncles axillary and ter-
minal, bifid, disposed in a kind of panicle ; pedicels divaricate ;
corollas bristly outside ; fruit roundish, hispid from bristles,
which are hooked at the tops. •%. F. Native of Nipaul, at
Narainhetty. G. ciliatum, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 133. but
not of Ruiz et Pav. G. Aparlne, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 382.?
Stems rather hispid. Flowers small, milk-coloured.
Hairy-flowered Bed-straw. PL | to 1 foot.
57 G. UNCINULA'TUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. GOO.) stems weak,
diffuse, branched, tetragonal, hispid at the base, and glabrous at
the apex ; leaves 4 in a whorl, oval, acutish, hispid on both sur-
faces, hardly 3-nerved at the base ; peduncles dichotomously
corymbose, few-flowered ; fruit beset with bristles, which are
hooked at the apex, and about equal in length to the diameter of
the fruit. If. . F. Native of Mexico, between Tampico and
Real del Monte, where it was collected by Berlandier.
Small-hooked Bed-straw. PL diffuse.
58 G. CHAMISSONIS (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 363.)
plant quite glabrous, perennial ; stems erectish, acutely tetra-
gonal : angles smoothish ; leaves deflexed, oblong, acute, with
revolute margins ; panicles axillary and terminal, trifid, bifid, or
trichotomous ; pedicels very mucli divaricate ; fruit roundish,
hispid from compressed bristles, which are acute at the apex,
but not hooked. T^.F. Native of Chili, about Valparaiso. This
approaches somewhat in habit to Asperula galioides.
Chamisso's Bed-straw. PL 1 foot.
59 G. GILLIE sn (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 364.) pe-
rennial ; stems herbaceous, diffuse, almost simple, acutely 4-an-
gled ; leaves 4 in a whorl, oval, obsoletely 1 -nerved, with spi-
nulose margins ; peduncles axillary and terminal, 3-flowered,
equal in length to the leaves ; flowers pedicellate ; fruit hispid ;
bristles longer than the friut, not hooked at the apex.
Var. a ; stem and leaves glabrous. If. . F. Native of Chili, in
El Valle de Las Caigas, Andes of Mendozo, Cordillera of Chili.
Var. ft ; stem and leaves hairy. If. . F. Native of Chili, at
El Malpaso and Los Palomares, Andes of Mendozo.
Gillies' 's Bed-straw. PL diffuse.
60 G. SUFFRUTICOVSUM (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 863.)
suffruticose, hairy, canescent ; stems erectish, simple, terete ; leaves
oblong-linear, mucronate, hairy : the nerves as well as the recurved
margins pilose ; peduncles alternate, longer than the leaves, divari-
cately panicled. If. . F. Native of Chili, in Vina de La Mar, near
Valparaiso. The hairs forming the pubescence point downwards.
Suffruticose Bed-straw. PL I foot.
61 G. ERIOCA'RPUM (Bartl. in herb. Hsenke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 600.) plant suffruticose, glabrous, erect ; leaves 4 in a whorl,
oblong, 1 -nerved ; flowers trichotomously panicled ; fruit beset
with bristles, which are as long as it, but arc not hooked at the
apex. "H.. F. Native of Cordillera of Chili. This is very dis-
tinct from all other species.
Woolly-fruited Bed-straw. PL 1 foot. ?
62 G. TRICHOCA'RPUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 600.) stems dichoto-
mous, much branched, glabrous, tetragonal, having the angles
scabrous from retrograde bristles, the rest glabrous ; corymbs
trichotomous, few-flowered ; fruit beset with bristles, which are
a little shorter than it, but not hooked at the apex. — Native of
Chili, about Rancagua, among bushes. Allied to G. eriocarpum,
but differs in the bristles of the fruit being shorter and fewer.
Hairy-fruited Bed-straw. PL diffuse.
63 G. BOREA'LE (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 498.) stems erect,
straight, tetragonal, smoothish ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear-lan-
ceolate, 3-nerved, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, trichotomous,
much longer than the leaves, disposed in a terminal panicle ;
bracteas obovately orbicular. If.. H. Native throughout the
whole of Europe, in moist rocky shady places, by rivers and
lakes ; plentiful in some parts of Britain, as in the north of
England and Scotland. Root creeping, brownish. Leaves with
scabrous margins. Flowers milk-coloured.
Var. a, hyssopifolium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 600.) fruit quite gla-
brous. Hoffm. germ. 3. p. 71. G. rubioides, Poll. pall. no.
148. G. boreale a, Lam. diet. 2. p. 576. G. rubioides ft,
Lam. fl. fr. 4. p. 258. Nearly allied to G. rubioides, but differs
in the leaves being narrower, and in the bracteas being roundish.
Var. ft, intermedium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 601.) fruit rather sca-
brous from somewhat adpressed bristles. — G. boreale, Koch, in
litt. D. C. suppl. p. 498.
RUBIACE^E. CCXVI. GALIUM.
653
Var. y. scabrum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 601.) fruit hispid from
crowded bristles, which are hooked at the apex. G. boreale /3,
Lam. G. boreale, Lin. spec. 156. D. C. fl. no. 3385. but not
ofLapeyr. Oed. fl. dan. t. 1024. Smith, eng. bot. 1. 105. Svensk.
bot. t. 122. G. nervosum a, Lam. fl. fr.
Northern Bed-straw. Fl. July. Britain. PI. 1 foot.
64 G. SEPTENTRIONA" LE (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 253.)
stems erect, straight, tetragonal, smoothish, downy at the nodi ;
leaves 4 in a whorl, oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved, ciliated at the
base ; peduncles axillary, much longer than the leaves, trichoto-
inous, disposed into a terminal panicle ; bracteas oblong, acute.
. H. Native of North America, about lakes in Canada and
the State of New York. Bigel. fl. host. ed. 2. p. 54. G. boreale,
Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 104. Torr. fl. un. st. 1. p. 169. Hook,
fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 289. G. strictum, Torr. cat. new York, 23.
Flowers milk-coloured, very numerous. Fruit beset with hook-
ed bristles. Like the European G. boreale this is liable to con-
siderable variation, and generally passes into the usual state of
G. boreale. The Cree women dye red with the roots of this and
G. Claytbnii indiscriminately, ex Richardson.
Northern Bed-straw. PI. 1£ foot.
65 G. CORIA'CEUM (Bunge in Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 216.)
stems branched, tetragonal, scabrous at the base ; leaves coria-
ceous, shining, with revolute scabrous edges : lower ones 4 in a
whorl, obovate-oblong : upper ones opposite, oval, rather sca-
brous, as well as the stems ; peduncles axillary, 2-4-flowered ;
fruit hispid from hooked pili at the base, much shorter than the
pedicels. 7(. H. Native of Siberia, in the fissures of rocks at
the river Katunga, at a place called Boom, and at the river
Tschuja. Peduncles slender, bifid, trifid, rarely twice trifid,
rather hispid. Flowers yellowish-white.
Coriaceous-leaved Bed-straw. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
66 G. CIRCK'ZANS (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 30.) stems
erect, smooth ; leaves 4 in a whorl, oval, obtuse, smooth, 3-
nerved, ciliately scabrous along the nerves and margins ; pe-
duncles axillary and terminal, divaricate, few-flowered, longer
than the leaves ; fruit drooping, beset with hooked bristles.
I/ . H. Native of North America, from Carolina to New
England and Boston, in rocky mountain woods. Torr. fl. un.
st. 1. p. 168. Bigel. fl. bost. ed. 2. p. 55. G. boreale, Walt,
car. p. 87. G. brachiatum, Muhl. cat. 1. p. 15. G. circasoides,
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 256. Flowers milk-coloured.
Circcea-like Bed-straw. PI. 1 to \\ foot.
67 G. LANCEOLA'TUM (Torr. fl. un. st. 1. p. 163.) stems erect,
glabrous ; leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate-lanceolate, acute, with
ciliately scabrous edges, 3-nerved at the base ; peduncles termi-
nal, dichotomous, divaricate, longer than the leaves ; flowers
lateral, sessile, deflexed ; corollas very acute ; fruit beset with
hooked bristles. I/ . H. Native of North America, in the
states of New York, Massachusetts, and Boston; and of Canada
about Quebec. G. circas'zans /3 lanceola,tum, Torr. cat. new
york, p. 23. G. Torreyi, Bigel. fl. bost. ed. 2. p. 56. G. cir-
caj'zans var. Nutt. Flowers milk-coloured.
Lanceolate-leaved Bed-straw. PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
68 G. BRACHIA'TUH (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 103.) stems
flaccid, elongated, brachiately branched, hispid ; branches short ;
leaves 6 in a whorl, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous,
having the margins and keel ciliated by bristles ; floriferous
branches verticillate, longer than the leaves, divaricately dicho-
tomous ; pedicels 2-flowered ; fruit beset with hooked bristles.
I/. H. Native of North America, from New England to Vir-
ginia, in meadows, and on the margins of woods, frequent. G.
longicaule, Rafin. fl. lud. p. 75. ? Flowers white.
Brachiate Bed-straw. PI. 1 to 1| foot.
69 G. CUSPIDA'TUM (Muhl, cat. ex Ell. sketch, carol 1. p.
197.) stems prostrate, glabrous; leaves usually 6 in a whorl,
lanceolate, acuminated, a little ciliated ; peduncles trifid ; lobes
of corolla acuminated ; fruit pilose. 1£.H. Native of Carolina
and Georgia. Flowers white. Fruit beset with long white pili.
Cuspidate-Rowered Bed-straw. PI. prostrate. "
70 G. HISPI'DULUM (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 79.) stems
procumbent, much branched, hispid ; leaves 4 in a whorl, oval-
lanceolate, acuminated, with revolute edges, wrinkled, hispid on
both surfaces ; flowers nearly solitary, terminal ; fruit hispid.
2/ . H. Native of Lower Carolina. Perhaps the same as G.
lappaceum, fl. per. 1. p. 59. ? ex Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 1. p. 104.
Flowers white.
Small-hispid Bed-straw. PI. procumbent.
71 G. DENSIFLORUM (Led. fl. alt. ill. t. 194. fl. alt. 1. p. 137.)
stems many from the same root, erect or ascending, glabrous ;
leaves 8 in a whorl, oblong-linear, cuspidate, glabrous with sca-
brous margins ; panicles coarctate ; segments of corolla mucro-
nulate; ovarium villous. Tf.. H. Native of Siberia, near
Smejow. Rameal leaves sometimes 6-7 in a whorl, pale green.
Panicles from the tops of the stem and branches. Corollas
greenish-yellow.
Dense-flomered Bed-straw. PI. 1 foot.
72 G. PUNCTICULOSUM (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 80.) stems
erect, branched, smoothish ; leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate, obtuse,
glabrous, but rather downy on the margins and nerves, full of
pellucid dots ; floriferous branches elongated, trifid at the apex ;
flowers pedicellate; fruit beset with hooked bristles. T£. H.
Native of South Carolina, in humid places. Req. diss. ined. ex
herb. D. C. G. punctatum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 128. G. Ber-
mudianum, Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 1. p. 104. and probably of Lin.
spec. 153. G. purpureurn, Walt, carol. — Pluk. aim. t. 248. f.
6. Flowers purple. Fruit purple.
Var. ft, pilosum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 601.) stems hispid ; leaves
villous on both surfaces, and full of pellucid dots. If. H. Na-
tive of the states of New York and Boston, in dry pastures and
woods. G. pilosum, Ait. hort. kew. p. 145. Torr. fl. un. st. 1.
p. 167. The dots on the leaves less pellucid, and villi more
conspicuous than in var. a, but very like it.
Small-dotted-leaved Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1778.
PI. 1 foot.
73 G. TRIFLORUM (Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 80.) stems
procumbent, tetragonal, hispid or smoothish ; leaves 6 in a
whorl, oblong, cuspidate, glabrous, scabrous along the nerves and
edges, 1 -nerved ; peduncles axillary and terminal, 3-flowered,
longer than the whorles of leaves ; flowers pedicellate ; fruit be-
set with bristles, which are hooked at the apex. I/. H. Native
of Carolina, Pennsylvania, New York, Canada, Unalaschka,
Sitcha, and Norland, in rather humid shady places. It is com-
mon from Quebec to the Rocky Mountains, and as far north as
lat. 55°, and from the west side of the Rocky Mountains to the
Pacific. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 222. Torrey, fl.
un. stat. 1. p. 167. Willd. hort. berol. t. 66. G. cuspidatum,
Muhl. cat. p. 15. G. suaveolens, Wahl. fl. lapp. p. 48. Req.
diss. mss. ex herb. D. C. There are varieties of this with either
rough stems, as in G. aparine, or glabrous stems. Flowers
small, white. Habit and scent of Asperula odorata.
Var. ft, viridiflbrum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 602.) stems smooth ;
corollas green. Tf.. H. Native about Moscow, in mossy woods.
G. hyssopifolium, Goldb. in litt. 1821. Req. diss. mss. in herb.
D. C.
Three-jlorvered Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. PI.
procumbent.
74 G. MARI'TIMUM (Lin. mant. p. 38. but not of Thunb. prod.
3.) plant villous all over; stems much branched, tetragonal;
leaves 4-6 in a whorl, but the ultimate ones are opposite, all
lanceolate-linear, acute ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered ; corollas
and fruit villous or hispid outside. 2/ . H. Native of Nice and
654
RUBIACEjE. CCXVI. GALIUM.
the Levant, in exposed rocky places. Corollas reddish. Stems
creeping at the base.
Far. ft, villbsum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 602.) plant more crowded ;
leaves 4-8 in a whorl. I/ . H. Native of the south of Europe,
and at the bottom of the Pyrenees. G. villosum, Lam. diet. 2.
p. 582. G. maritimum, Gouan. ill. p. 5. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3384.
—Barrel, icon. p. 81.— Bocc. mus. 2. p. 110. t. 86. Fruit
clothed with white hairs.
Sea-side Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. PI. | to
1 foot.
75 G. BRACHYPHY'LLUM (Schultes, mant. 3. p. 180.) plant
smoothish, much branched, procumbent ; leaves 4-6 in a whorl,
but the upper ones are opposite, all lanceolate, mucronate, and
reflexed; pedicels 2-3-together, axillary, 1 -flowered; fruit sca-
brous from pubescence. 7£. H. Native of Caucasus, about
Buduch, in the calcareous range, &c. G. brevifolium, Stev.
mem. mosc. 3. p. 253. but not of Smith et Sibth. G. alpestre,
Stev. cat. hort. gor. 1812. p. 43. G. brachyphyllum, Bieb. fl.
taur. suppl. p. 107. Flowers white. This is an intermediate
plant between the granular and villous fruited species.
Short-leaved Bed-straw. PI. procumbent.
76 G. GRJE'CUM (Lin. mant. p. 38.) stems suffruticose, branch-
ed at the base ; branches erect; hispid ; leaves 6 in a whorl,
linear, hairy, erect ; peduncles axillary and terminal, few-
flowered, a little longer than the leaves ; fruit beset with long
white bristles. If. H. Native of Greece, on Mount Parnassus,
and the islands of Cois and Candia, on exposed rocks. Sibth et
Smith, fl. graec. t. 136. D'Urv. cat. no. 129. Req. diss. mss.
Lam. diet. 2. p. 584. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1373. — P. Alp. exot.
t. 166. Peduncles forming a racemose or thyrsoid panicle.
Flowers small, yellowish-brown.
Grecian Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1798. PI. -J foot.
77 G. CAVNUM (Req. diss. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 602.)
stems suffruticose, tufted ; branches very hairy and hoary ; leaves
lanceolate, with revolute margins, hairy on both surfaces, hoary
beneath ; peduncles cymose, few-flowered, 2-3 times longer than
the leaves ; fruit hispid. 2/ . H. Native of Syria, where it was
collected by Donati and Labillardiere. Flowers small, purplish.
Perhaps only a variety of G. grid cum.
Hoary Bed-straw. PI. £ foot.
78 G. MICRA'NTHUM (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 103.) stems
much branched, divaricate, beset with retrograde prickles ;
leaves short, lanceolate, mucronate, glabrous, having the margins
and keel prickly ; floriferous branches divaricately branched ;
pedicels usually 2-flowered ; fruit hispid. "It. H. Native of
North America, from Canada to New York, in mountain bogs.
Said to resemble G. uliginbsum very much.
Small-jlorvered Bed-straw. PI. divaricate.
§ 4. Coccogalia (from KOKKOC, kokkos, a grain, and galium ; in
reference to the granular fruit). D. C. prod. 4. p. 602. Perennial
plants. Leaves 4 in a rvhorl. Flowers on 'long peduncles, herma-
phrodite. Fruit granular.
79 G. COTINOJDES (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 227.)
stems diffuse, weak, tetragonal, beset with retrograde bristles
along the angles ; whorles of leaves distant ; leaves 4 in a whorl,
sessile, lanceolate, acute, with the nerve and margins scabrous ;
panicles trichotomous, few-flowered, terminal ; pedicels capillary,
very long ; fruit glabrous, minutely tubercular. If. . F. Native
of Chili, in hedges near Talcaguana, and about Conception.
This is a very showy species, with the habit of G. uliginbsum.
Cotinus-like Bed-straw. PI. diffuse.
80 G. LANUGINOSDM (Lam. ill. no. 1360.) stems, branches,
and peduncles clothed with long soft dense hairs ; leaves 4 in a
whorl, lanceolate, acute, glabrous, with scabrous margins ; pedi-
cels axillary and terminal, simple and bifid, very long, 1-flower-
ed ; corolla glabrous, with acutish lobes ; fruit glabrous, minutely
tubercular. — Native of the East Indies, ex herb. Lam.
Woolly Bed-straw. PI. diffuse.
81 G. TOMENTOSUM (Thunb. fl. cap. 151.) steins scandent,
glabrous, much branched, tetragonal : with the angles denticu-
lated ; branches densely clothed with white hairs ; leaves 4 in a
whorl, oblong, roughly serrated ; peduncles dichotomous, capil-
lary, villous. — Native of the Cape of Good Hope. G. mariti-
mum, Thunb. prod. p. 30. but not of Lin.
Tomentose Bed-straw. PI. climbing.
§ 5. Erythrogalia (from cpvdpog, erythros, red, and galium ;
in allusion to the red flowers of the species). D. C. prod. 4. p.
603. Perennial plants. Leaves 6 in a rvhorl. Flowers herma-
phrodite, cymosely panicled, purple or red. Fruit glabrous.
82 G. PURPU'REUM (Lin. spec. p. 156.) stem erect, suffruti-
cose, much branched, glabrous ; leaves 5-6 in a whorl, linear-
setaceous ; peduncles capillary, longer than the leaves ; lobes of
corolla apiculated ; fruit glabrous. Tj . G. Native from Pro-
vence to Genoa, on dry hills ; and in Greece, Carniola, Croatia.
Req. diss. mss. Host. fl. aust. 1. p. 202. Nocc. et Balb. fl. tic.
1. p. 73. t. 3. G. rubrum, Scop. earn. no. 154. D. C. fl. fr.
no. 3354. exclusive of the synonymes. G. purpureum and G.
rubrum, Wulf. ex Hort. G. sylvestre, Schleich. pi. exsic. — J.
Bauh. hist. 3. p. 721. f. 2. Galium rubro flore, C. Bauh. hist.
335. no. 2. Flowers small, deep purple.
Purple-fiowered Bed-straw. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1731. PI. 1 ft.
83 G. RU'BRUM (Lin. spec. 156.) stems herbaceous, weak,
glabrous ; leaves 6 in a whorl, linear, spreading, glabrous ; pe-
duncles axillary, many flowered; pedicels short ; lobes of co-
rolla apiculated ; fruit glabrous. If . H. Native of the south
of Europe, as of Nice and Piedmont. Nocc. et Balb. fl. tic. 1.
p. 74. G. purpureum, Schleich. pi. exsic. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p.
251. — Clus. hist. 2. p. 174. lower figure. Flowers dirty purple,
larger than those of G. purpureum.
Var. ft, pilbsum (Duby, ench. 1. p. 248.) stem pilose at the
base. y. . H. Native of the meadows of Lozera, about Mel-
das. G. purpureum var. ft, D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 446.
Red-fiovtered Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1597. PI.
procumbent.
§6. Xanthogalia (from ZavOoe, xanthos, yellow, and galium ;
in reference to the yellow flowers of the species). D. C. prod. 4.
p. 603. Plants perennial. Leaves 6-10 in a whorl. Flowers
yellow, all hermaphrodite. Inflorescence panicled.
84 G. RUPE'STRE (Visiani, ex Biasol. in litt. 1829. ex D. C.
prod. 4. p. 603.) stems erect, tetragonal, velvety, glabrous at the
apex ; leaves 6 in a whorl, upper 4 in a whorl, and the upper-
most ones opposite, linear-lanceolate, a little cuneated, mucro-
nate, glabrous, with rather scabrous edges ; floriferous branches
panicled; lobes of corolla acuminated ; fruit glabrous. If.H.
Native of Dalmatia, on rocks. Flowers small, deep yellow.
Rock Ladies' Bed-straw. PI. 1 foot.
85 G. VE'RUM (Lin. spec. 155.) stems erectish, tetragonal,
almost simple ; leaves 8 in a whorl, linear, sulcate, with rather
revolute edges, smooth ; floriferous branches panicled, almost all
terminal ; pedicels crowded, leafy, about equal in length to the
flowers. I/ . H. Native of Europe and Siberia, in meadows,
way sides, margins of fields and woods, and among bushes fre-
quent ; very common in Britain, in dry soil. G. luteum, Mcench,
meth. 486. Root creeping, tawny. Flowers yellow. Leaves
each tipped by a hair.
Var. a, leiophyllum (Wallr. sched. crit. p. 56.) stem and
leaves quite glabrous, smooth; flowers pale yellow. %. H.
Native in rather humid shady places. G. verum ft glabrum,
Req. diss. mss.
RUBIACEvE. CCXVI. GALIUM.
655
Far. ft, trachyphyllum (Wallr. 1. c.) stems and leaves rather
scabrous ; fruit glabrous ; flowers deep yellow. I/ . H. Native
of Europe and Caucasus, in open places. Mill. fig. t. 129.
Oed. fl. dan. t. 1146. Mart. fl. rust. t. 54. Curt. fl. lond. 6. t.
13. Smith, engl. bot. t. 660. G. verum pubescens, Guss. prod.
171. G. tubereulatum, Presl, del. prag. p. 120.
Far. /3, trachycdrpum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 603.) stems and
leaves rather scabrous ; fruit hairy. I/ . H. Native of Eastern
Caucasus, on the Lower Volga, &c. G. verum var. Gold, in
litt. G. verosimile, Schultes, syst. 3. p. 234. ? Perhaps G.
Caucasicum, Lag. cat. hort. madr. p. 95.
Var. S, martiimum (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 248.) stems low, much
branched, glabrous at the base, villous at the apex ; ovaries
glabrous, i;. H. Native of Armoracia, in sand by the sea
side.
Far. e, tomentosum (Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 54.) stems and fruit
densely clothed with tomentum. Tf.. H. Native of Caucasus,
on the tops of the Talusch mountains near Drych.
The common name Bed-straw given to all the species is from
the verb to strew, anciently written straw. Before the invention
of feather-beds a variety of herbs were used to strew beds with ;
among these doubtless this was one. In Johnson's edition of
Gerard, it is called our Ladies' Bed-straw (p. 1127.). From the
notion of its curdling milk, Dioscorides has named it yaXiov ;
and it is said to have been used in many parts for this purpose,
but from later experiments it has not succeeded in coagulating
milk. It has probably been put into milk destined to make
cheese, not so much for the purpose of curdling it, as of giving
it a flavour, or as Matthiolus expresses it, to make it eat the
sweeter. The French formerly prescribed the flowers in hysteric
and epileptic cases. Boiled in alum-water the flowering stems
dye a good yellow colour. The roots dye a very fine red, not
inferior to madder.
True Ladies' Bed-straw or Cheese-rennet. Fl. July, Aug.
Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
86 G. RUTHE'NICUM (Willd. spec. 1. p. 596.) leaves 8 in a
whorl, linear-filiform, cuspidate, with revolute scabrous margins;
stems also scabrous; flowers panicled; peduncles pubescent;
fruit hispid from villi. I/. H. Native of Siberia and Cauca-
sus, growing along with G. verum. Flowers deep yellow.
Far. ft, rosmarinifolium (Ledeb. fl. alt. 1. p. 138.) leaves 8-10
j in a whorl, linear, shining above and pubescent, and clothed
with hoary tomentum beneath, with revolute edges ; stems to-
mentose suffruticose at the base ; panicle coarctate ; fruit vil-
lous. Tj.. H. Native of Siberia, at the river Tschuja, in the
Karaic desert in dry exposed places.
Ruthian Lady's Bed-straw. PL 1 foot.
87 G. VE RO-MOLLU'GO (Wallr. in Schiede, pi. hybr. p. 64.)
stems tetragonal, rather downy ; leaves sublanceolate-linear,
rather scabrous, with revolute scabrous edges, downy beneath ;
panicles rather divaricate ; flowers rather distant ; corollas cream
coloured, with acutish segments. I/ . H. Native of Germany.
i This is a hybrid raised from the seed of G. verum, impregnated
! by G. Mollugo. G. verum ft, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 233.
G. Mollugo var. ochreoleuca of authors.
Fero-Mollugo or Hybrid Ladies' Bed-straw. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
88 G. TUNETA'NUM (Lam. diet. 2. p. 583.) stems erect, terete,
, canescent ; leaves 8-10 in a whorl, linear, downy, with rough
revolute edges ; peduncles many flowered, disposed in a pani-
cle; fruit hispid. "%.. F. Native of Tunis, about Algiers in
hedges. Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 129. Poir. voy. 2. p. 110. Stems
villous. Flowers yellow. Resembles G. verum.
Tunis Bed- straw. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
89 G. MINU'TUM (Lin. spec. p. 154.) stems decumbent,
smooth ; leaves 8 in a whorl, lanceolate, mucronate, serrated
from prickles, glabrous, incurved ; peduncles reflexed ; fruit
fleshy. If,. H. Native of Russia. Gmel. sib. 3. p. 169. no.
45. Flowers yellow. The plant resembles G. verum very
much, and is probably only a variety of it.
Minute Bed-straw. PI. decumbent.
90 G. HUMIFU'SUM (Bieb. fl. taur. l.p. 104.) stems prostrate,
much branched, villous ; leaves 6 in a whorl, linear, spreading
much, villous ; floriferous branches axillary, aggregate ; lobes of
corolla acutish ; fruit downy. I/ . H. Native of Caucasus,
Tauria, on the lower Volga, in exposed places, and by way sides
common. Corollas cream-coloured ; anthers yellow. Habit and
inflorescence like that of G. verum.
Trailing Bed -straw. PI. trailing.
91 G. ARENA'RIUM (Lois. fl. gall. p. 85.) plant glabrous ; stems
prostrate, much branched ; leaves 6-10 in a whorl, linear-oblong,
short-apiculated, thick, with revolute rather scabrous edges ;
corymbs small, on short peduncles, crowded into a panicle ; fruit
glabrous, rather fleshy. If.. H. Native of the west of France,
from Bayonne even to Armoracea on the south, in the sand by the
seaside. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 495. G. hierosolymitanum, Thor.
chl. land. 40. but not of Lin. G. megalospermum var. ft, D.
C. fl. fr. ed. 3. no. 3350. exclusive of var. a. G. minutum, Aubr.
morb. p. 16. Flowers yellow, varying from 3-5-cleft. Distinct
from the sea side variety of G. verum.
Sand Bed-straw. PI. prostrate.
§ 7. Ericogalia (from erica, a heath, and galium; the habit of
the species is that of E'rica). D. C. prod. 4. p. 604. Perennial
or suffruticose plants. Leaves 4-6 in a whorl. Inflorescence axil-
lary. Flowers hermaphrodite.
92 G. ERJCOIDES (Lam. diet. 2. p. 583.) stems suffruticose,
much branched, downy ; leaves approximate, 4-5 in a whorl,
linear-lanceolate, with revolute margins, apiculated, stiff, smooth-
ish ; flowers axillary, nearly sessile, solitary, bibracteate ; corolla
pilose outside ; fruit covered with stiff short hairs, fy . G.
Native of Monte-Video and Chili. Cham, et Schlecht. in Lin-
nsea. 3. p. 225. Larger leaves 2-3 lines long, and the smaller
ones only half a line. Flowers minute, cream-coloured. Fas-
cicles of leaves sessile, hence the plant has the habit of a heath.
Stems decumbent.
Far. ft, intermedium (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p.
225.) plant shrubby, clothed with short down ; leaves linear,
quite glabrous, ending in a long cusp each. ^ G. Native of
Brazil, in Campo d'Utna.
Far. y, atherbdes (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 225.)
quite glabrous in every part, as also the fruit ; leaves linear,
with revolute edges. 17 . G. Native of Brazil, in Estrella do
Campo Aguda. G. atherodes, Spreng. cur. post. p. 39.
Heath-like Bed-straw. PL decumbent.
93 G. HI'RTUM (Lam. diet. 2. p. 583.) root woody ; stems
herbaceous, branched, tetragonal, very leafy, hispid ; leaves 4-5
in a whorl, sessile, lanceolate, more or less hairy on both sur-
faces ; flowers axillary, verticillate, nearly sessile, bibracteate ;
lobes of corolla acute ; fruit glabrous, tubercular. If. . G. Native
of the south of Brazil and Monte- Video. Cham, et Schlecht. in
Linnaea. 3. p. 224. Req. diss. mss. G. reflexum, Pohl, in litt.
G. megapotamicum, Spreng. cur. post. p. 39. ex Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnaea. Stems decumbent or erect. Flowers yel-
low. Inflorescence of G. verticil/atum.
Hairy Bed-straw. PI. decumbent or erect.
94 G. CAMPORUM (Pohl, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 604.)
plant quite glabrous; stems erect, tetragonal; leaves 4 in a
whorl, sessile, linear, acutish, spreading, with revolute edges,
more or less ciliated ; flowers axillary, almost sessile ; fruit
finely granulated. — Native of Brazil, where it was collected by
Pohl. Flowers small. Fruit almost like that of G. spurium,
but differs in being almost sessile. Leaves 4 lines long. Allied
656
RUBIACE^E. CCXVI. GALIUM.
to G. hirtum, but differs in the angles of the stem being gla-
brous.
field Bed-straw. PI. 1 foot.
95 G. HUMILE (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 226.)
stems diffuse, tetragonal, filiform, beset with stiff hairs or gla-
brous ; leaves 4 in a whorl, petiolulate, elliptic, acute at both
ends, flat, cuspidate, ciliated ; flowers axillary, solitary, oppo-
site, on short pedicels, bibracteate ; lobes of corolla acute, rather
pilose at the apex ; fruit globose, didymous, downy. — Native of
the south of Brazil.
Humble Bed-straw. PI. procumbent.
§ 8. Maschaligalia (from paxaipa, mac/iaira, sword-grass,
and galwm). D. C. prod. 4. p. 605. Perennial plants. Leaves
4 in a whorl. Inflorescence axillary. Flowers polygamous,
cream-coloured.
96 G, CORONA'TUM (Sibth et Smith, fl. graac. t. 125.) stems
ascending, branched from the base, smooth ; leaves 4 in a whorl,
elliptic, obtuse, nearly veinless, with the margins and base cili-
ated ; peduncles quinquefid, glabrous, bibracteate; flowers poly-
gamous; fruit glabrous. l/.H. Native of Bithynia, on Mount
Olympus ; and of Tauria and Caucasus. Valantia Taurica,
Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 437. — Buxb. cent. 5. p. 47. f. 39. There is a
variety of this with rather hispid stems. Flowers pale yellow.
Var. ft, glaberimum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 605.) stems and lower
leaves quite glabrous on the nerve and margins. Tf. . H. Native
of Armenia and Cappadocia, on the mountains. Valantia humi-
fusa, Willd. spec. 4. p. 949. Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 436. Cruciata
orientalis glabra htimifusa, Tourn. cor. p. 4.
Crowned Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. pro-
cumbent.
97 G. TAU'RICUM (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p'. 250.) stems
decumbent, branched, hispid ; leaves 4 in a whorl, elliptic, reti-
culated, hispid ; peduncles branched, ciliated, bracteated, de-
flexed ; bracteas oblong ; flowers polygamous ; fruit hispid from
short down. I/. H. Native of Tauria, in rough places. Va-
lantia Taurica, Pall, in Willd. spec. 4. p. 951. act. petr. nov. 10.
p. 315. Bieb. suppl. p. 640. D'Urv. cat. no. 138. Valantia
redeviva, Hoffm. ex Sieb. Flowers yellow.
Taurian Bed-straw. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1819. PL dec.
98 G. VE'RNUM (Scop. earn. ed. 2. no. 144. t. 2.) stems erect,
simple or branched from the base ; leaves 4 in a whorl, 3-nerved,
ciliated ; peduncles dichotomous, bractless, shorter than the
leaves; flowers polygamous ; fruit glabrous. 1£. H. Native
of France and Switzerland, Upper Italy, Germany, Hungary,
Gallicia, Siberia, &c. in grassy places. Stems and leaves glabrous
or hispid, with the exception of the cilise. Flowers yellow or
cream-coloured. D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. no. 3353. Very like G.
cruciatum. Valdntia verna, G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 411.
Var. a, Bauhmii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 605.) leaves oval or
elliptic. 2/.H. Valantia glabra, Lin. spec. 1491. Valantia
glabra, Waldst. et Kit. hung. t. 32. Valantia crebrifolia, St.
Am. fl. agr. p. 424. G. Bauhinii, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p.
218 — J. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 717. Flowers yellow.
Var. ft, Halleri (D. C. prod. 4. p. 605.) leaves oblong ; flowers
paler and smaller, if.. H. Valantia glabra, Vill. dauph. 2. p.
354. G. Scopolii, Vill. dauph. 1. p. 304. G. rubioides, Sut. fl.
helv. 1. p. 88. G. Halleri, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 218.
—Hall. nom. no. 720. Flowers cream-coloured.
Spring Bed-straw. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1371. PI. trailing,
1 foot.
99 G. PE'RSICUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 605.) plant quite gla-
brous, smooth, erect, of many stems ; leaves 4 in a whorl, ob-
long, not ciliated ; peduncles axillary, many-flowered, 3 times
shorter than the leaves, bracteate ; fruit 'glabrous. If . H.
Native of Persia, near Amadan, where it was collected by Olivier
and Bruguiere. Flowers yellow in the dried state. Nearly
allied to G. vernum, but differs in the plant being perfectly
glabrous.
Persian Bed-straw. PI. -£ to 1 foot.
100 G. CRUCIA'TUM (Scop. earn. 1. p. 100.) stems erect;
branched from the base, simple at the apex, pilose ; leaves 4 in
a whorl, elliptic-oblong or ovate, hairy, 3-nerved ; peduncles
hispid, branched ; bracteas 2, oblong, ciliated ; flowers polyga-
mous ; fruit glabrous. If. . H. Native of Europe, in hedges,
road-sides, and shady places frequent ; plentiful in Britain ; and
of Siberia. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3351. Req. diss. mss. G. cruci-
atum, Smith, engl. bot. 143. G. Vaillantia, fl. Wett. G. Va-
lantia, Baumg. trans. Valantia cruciata, Lin. spec. 1491. Lam.
ill. t. 843. f. T. Aparlne latifolia, Mcench. meth. 640. Va-
lantia ciliata, Presl. fl. cech. p. 34. but not of Russ. Root
creeping. Flowers yellow, and some are 3-cleft.
Var. ft, angustifolium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 606.) leaves linear-
oblong, very scabrous along the edges. If . H. Cultivated in
gardens, according to Req. diss. mss. ex D. C.
Crossmort Bed-straw. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. 1 foot.
10 L G. CHERSONE'NSE (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 250.)
stems branched, ascending, with hispid angles ; leaves 4 in a
whorl, oblong, ciliated, somewhat 3-nerved : nerves hispid be-
neath ; peduncles branched, hispid, deflexed, bracteated ; brac-
teas oblong, ciliated ; fruit glabrous. I/ . H. Native of Tauria
and Caucasus. Valantia Chersonensis, Willd. spec. 4. p. 951.
Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. 1977. G. cruciatum, ft, Chersonense, D.
C. prod. 4. p. 606. Root creeping. Flowers yellow. Very like
G. cruciatum.
Cherson Bed-straw. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 ft.
SECT. II. ANNUAL SPECIES. — APARINE.
§ 9. Cruciatee (from crux, a cross ; in reference to the dis-
position of the 4 leaves in each whorl). D. C. prod 4. p. 605.
— Cruciata, Tourn. inst. p. 115. — Valantia species, Lin. Plants
annual. Flowers polygamous ; some male, and some hermaphro-
dite, intermixed, yellow. Leaves 4 in a mhorl. Fruit glabrous
or pilose.
102 G. RETRO' RSUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 605.) stem erect, sim-
ple, beset with retrograde prickles along the angles ; leaves 4 in
a whorl, oblong, villously ciliated ; peduncles axillary, pilose,
nearly simple, reflexed while in fruit ; flowers polygamous, 3-4-
cleft ; fruit glabrous. (•)• H. Native of Sicily, Pannonia, and
Caucasus, on hills, and in woods on the mountains. G. Pede-
montanum, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 436. Guss. prod. 1. p. 170. but
not of All. Vaillantia Pedemontana, Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar.
hung. 1. t. 33. but not of Bellardi. Flowers yellow.
Retrograde-prickled Bed-straw. PI. -J- to 1 foot.
103 G. PEDEMONTA'NA (All. auct. p. 2.) stem erect, simple,
slender, loosely villous ; leaves 4 in a whorl, oval-oblong, hispid;
peduncles bractless, 3-4-flowered, shorter than the leaves, de-
flexed after flowering ; flowers polygamous ; fruit glabrous,
globose, didymous. O- H. Native of the south of Europe,
as of Portugal, Spain, Vallais, Piedmont, &c. in sterile dry
places. D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. no. 3352. Req. diss. mss. Valantia
Pedemontana, Bell, append. 46. t. 5. act. taur. 5. t. 7. but not
of Kit. G. chloranthum, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 149. Fruit some-
times truly globose, from one of the cells being abortive. Flowers
yellow, very like those of G. cruciatum.
Var. ft, rejlexum (Presl. fl. sic. prod. p. 123.) fruit rough from
stiff pili. O. H. Native of Sicily, among grass on the moun-
tains and in groves. Perhaps a proper species.
Piedmont Bed-straw. Fl. July. Clt. 1799. PI. | to 1 foot.
104 G. GIBRALTA'RICUM (Schott, in isis. 1828. p. 821.) stems
RUBIACE.E. CCXVI. GALIUM.
657
pilose, muricated along the angles ; lower leaves ovate : cauline
ones 8 in a whorl : uppermost ones opposite, all with revolute
hispid edges ; panicles decompound ; lobes of corolla cuspidate ;
fruit glabrous. ©. H. Native of Gibraltar, on the mountains.
Flowers yellow.
Gibraltar Bed-straw. PI. J to 1 foot.
105 G. SCHULTE'SII ; leaves cordate, glabrous, rather ciliated,
with scabrous margins ; peduncles dichotomous, leafless. ©.H.
Native of Caucasus, in dry stony places on the Talusch moun-
tains, near Swant. G. articulatum, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3.
p. 250. but not of Lam. nor D. C. ex Meyer, pfl. syst. p. 55.
Schultes's Bed-straw. PL \ foot.
106 G. PYGM^UM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 606.) plant quite gla-
brous, branched from the base ; leaves 4 in a whorl, roundish ;
peduncles axillary, thort, 3-6-flowered, bractless ; fruit globose,
drooping, glabrous. O- H. Native of Iberia. Valantia mura-
lis, Bieb, fl. taur. 2. p. 435. exclusive of the synonyme. Vaillan-
tia pusilla,Stev. in litt. 1825. Herb very minute. Flowers yellow.
Pigmy Bed-straw. PL small.
107 G. CORDA'TUM (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 259.) plant
glabrous, erectish, branched from the base ; leaves 4 in a whorl,
obovate, unequal : floral ones sessile, ovate-cordate, deflexed,
and covering the flowers and lower parts of the nodi ; peduncles
branched, short, few-flowered ; fruit glabrous. O- H. Native of
the Levant, at the foot of Mount Lebanon, where ic was collected
by Labillardiere, &e. The flowers are probably yellow. This
plant is often to be found in gardens under the name of Calli-
peltis cucullaria. Nearly allied to G, articulatum.
Cordate-leaved Bed-straw. PL ^ foot.
§ 10. Xanlhaparines (from £avfloe, xanthos, yellow, and aira-
fivr], aparine, the Greek name of cleavers or goose-grass ; in
reference to the yellow flowers of the species). D. C. prod. 4. p.
600. Plants annual. Leaves 4-8 in a whorl. Inflorescence cy-
mosely panicled. Flowers yellow, hermaphrodite. Fruit glabrous.
108 G. CAMPE'STRE (Schousb. ex Willd. enum. 1. p. 152.)
stem erect, tetragonal, having the roughness on the angles
turned upwards, not retrograde ; lower leaves 4 in a whorl, the
rest 6, elliptic, mucronate, with scabrous margins ; peduncles
dichotomous ; lobes of corolla lanceolate, bluntish. O- H.
Native of Barbary. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 224. Link,
enum. 1. p. 135. Corollas cream-coloured. Leaves 4 lines long,
and 2 lines broad. Stems decumbent at the base. Leaves on
the upper part of the branches sometimes opposite.
Var. /3, Vahln (D. C. prod. 4. p. 606.) stem smoothish ;
leaves oblong. 0. H. Native of Barbary, where it was col-
lected by Vahl and Lamarck, &c. See Lam. diet. 3. p. 584. ob-
servations under G. megalospermum. The leaves are almost
like those of var. a, but the margins are more scabrous. Lobes
of corolla not awned. Fruit granular.
Field Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PL £ foot.
109 G. GIOMERATUM (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 128. t. 40.) stem
erect, branched, panicled, tetragonal : angles rough ; leaves 6-8
in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, mucronately acute, serrulately sca-
brous on the margins ; panicles trichotomous ; lobes of corolla
very acute, a little awned ; fruit glabrous. G- H. Native of
Barbary, in corn-fields. Flowers pale yellow. Said to be allied
to G. campestre.
Glomerate-fiowered Bed-straw. PL -j- to f foot.
110 G. VISCO'SUM (Vahl, symb. 2. p. 29.) stems ascending,
tetragonal, smooth, branched ; lower leaves 4 in a whorl : upper
ones 6, linear-lanceolate, with serrated margins and a smooth
keel ; the serratures directed upwards ; peduncles filiform, by
threes; pedicels 2-flowered ; fruit clammy. O- H. Native of
the kingdom of Tunis, on the mountains. Corolla pale yellow,
almost white.
VOL. III.
Clammy-fruited Bed-straw. PL ^ foot.
§ 11. Leiaparlnes (from Xtioc, leios, smooth, and mruptvn,
aparine). D. C. prod. 4. p. 607. Plants annual. Leaves 4-8
in a whorl. Inflorescence cymosely panicled. Flowers white, her-
maphrodite. Fruit glabrous.
111 G. URVI'LLEI (Req. diss. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 607.)
stem erect, branched at the base, glabrous ; leaves 6-8 in a
whorl, linear, erect, glabrous, with revolute edges : peduncles
axillary and terminal, trifid ; pedicels 3 times longer than the
flowers; fruit glabrous. ©. H. Native of the islands in the
Grecian Archipelago, in arid places. G. floribundum, D'Urv.
cat. no. 130. but not of Smith. Flowers purplish in the dried
state. Habit of G. setaceum, but differs in the fruit being quite
glabrous.
D'Urville's Bed-straw. PL \ foot.
112 G. DIVARICA'TUM (Lam. diet. 2. p. 580.) stem ascend-
ing or erect, branched at top, slender, smoothish ; leaves 6-8 in
a whorl, linear, acute, hispid ; peduncles axillary and terminal,
slender, elongated, divaricate, trifid at the apex ; pedicels twice
the length of the flowers; fruit glabrous. 0. H. Native of
the south and middle of France ; Liguria and Sicily, in arid
sandy places. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3370. icon. rar. t. 21. Req. diss.
mss. G. tenue, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 322. t. 7. Flowers greenish.
Divaricate Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PL | ft.
113 G. TENUI'SSIMUM (Bieb. fl taur. 1. p. 104.) stems weak,
ascending, much branched, rather scabrous along the angles ;
leaves 6-8 in a whorl, linear, acute, scabrous, hispid ; peduncles
axillary and terminal, trichotomous, divaricate ; pedicels length
of peduncles ; fruit glabrous. ©. H. Native of Tatiria, Cau-
casus, Iberia, in uncultivated and sterile places. G. purpureum,
Pall. ind. taur. but not of Lin. Flowers small, greenish-white.
Very nearly allied to G. divaricatum, a'id probably only a variety
of it according to Steven, but differs in the pedicels being 3 or 4
times longer.
Most-slender Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PL \ ft.
114 G. A'NGLICUM (Huds. fl. angl. p. 69.) stems decumbent,
much branched, rather scabrous ; leaves 6 in a whorl, linear-
lanceolate, mucronate, with scabrous edges ; peduncles 2-3-
cleft, a little longer than the leaves, axillary, disposed in a kind
of panicle ; fruit glabrous, granular. ©. H. Native of Eng-
land, on walls and in sandy places ; north and middle of France,
palatinate of the Rhine, Vallais, Sicily, and Caucasus. Smith, fl.
brit. 1. p. 179. D. C. fl. fr. 3369. Smith, engl. bot. 384. G.
Parisiense, Lam. diet. 2 p. 584. G. Parisiense p, Bertol. dec.
3. p. 15. G. rubrum, Poll. pal. no. 156, exclusive of the syn.
G. gr&cile, Wallr. sched. p. 57. Presl, fl. sic. prod. p. 60. ex
Guss. prod. .p. 173. Ray. syn. t. 9. f. 1. Corollas of a greenish
cream-colour, almost white, small. It differs from G. litigiositm
in the fruit being glabrous, and from G. divaricatum in the pe-
duncles being shorter.
Var. /3, parvifolium (Gaud. fl. helv. 1. p. 439.) stems erect,
short; floriferous branches short ; fruit granular. 0. H. Na-
tive in fields about Geneva. G. parvifolium, Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 3. p. 246.
English Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Wales. PL decumbent.
115 G. APRI'CUM (Sibth et Smith, fl. graec. t. 120.) stems
pilose, diffuse ; leaves 4 in a whorl, obovate, uniform, with sca-
brous edges; peduncles trifid, leafless ; fruit glabrous. ©. H.
Native of Candia and other islands in the archipelago, frequent.
Peduncles 3-flowered; middle flower hermaphrodite and quad-
rifid ; lateral ones male and trifid. Certainly a species of Vail-
Idnlia.
Sunny Bed-straw. PL diffuse.
116 G. GAUDICHAU'DI (B.C. prod. 4. p. 607.) stems weak,
decumbent, tetragonal, rather hispid ; leaves 4 in a whorl, ob-
4P
658
RUBIACE.E. CCXVI. GALIUM.
long-linear, with hairy revolute edges ; floriferous branches
short, axillary, few-flowered ; lobes of corolla hardly acutish ;
fruit glabrous. — Native of New Holland, at Port Jackson, where
it was collected by Gaudichaud. Stems 8-10 inches long. Leaves
2-3 lines long, shorter than the internodes. Flowers white.
Gaudichaud's Bed-straw. PI. decumbent.
§ 1 2. Euaparines (from eu, well, and aparine, cleavers ; the
section is supposed to contain the true kinds of cleavers). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 607. Plants annual. Stems scabrous. Leaves 4-8
in a whorl. Inflorescence axillary. Floners usually hermaphro-
dite. Fruit granular or hispid, didymously globose.
117 G. SACCHARA'TUM (All. pedem. no. 39.) stems weak,
branched, with retrograde roughness along the angles ; leaves
6 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, scabrous from prickles along
the margins; prickles not retrograde; peduncles axillary, 3-4-
flowered, recurved when bearing the fruit, and length of
leaves ; fruit didymosely globose, wartecl. Q. H. Native of
Europe, in corn fields ; Scotland, in the Carse of Gowrie, and
near Forfar ; and near Malton, in Yorkshire. D. C. fl. fr.
ed. 3. no. 3379. Wallr. ann. bot. 24. Req. diss. mss. G. ver-
rucosum, Smith, in engl. bot. t. 2173. fl. graec. t. 133. Va-
lantia saccharata, Gmel. fl. bad. 3. p. 781. Valantia aparine,
Lin. spec. 1491. Schrad. spic. 55. t. 1. f. 3. V. aparine a, Lam.
fl. fr. 3. p. 383. Aparine verrucosa, Moench. meth. p. 640. —
Vaill. bot. t. 4. f. 3. b. Perhaps G. granulatum, Rcem. et Schultes,
syst. 3. p. 249. or Valantia granularis, Spreng. in Schrad. journ.
1800. 2. p. 200. Peduncles 3-flowered, lateral ones male, and
middle one hermaphrodite.
Sugary Cleavers or Goosegrass. Fl. Ju. Aug. Britain. PI. dif.
118 G. TRICO'RNE (With. brit. ed. 2. p. 153.) stems weak,
simple, rouoh from retrograde prickles along the angles ; leaves
8 in a whorl, lanceolate, scabrous from retrograde prickles along
the margins and keel ; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered, recurved
when in fruit, not exceeding the leaves ; fruit didymously glo-
bose, granular. O- H. Native throughout the whole of Eu-
rope, in corn-fields ; also of Caucasus ; in many parts of England,
in chalky fields, but not common. D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. no.
3378. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1641. Wallr. ann. bot. t. 23. Req.
diss. mss. G. spurium, Huds. angl. p. 68. G. Valantia, Wigg.
prim. p. 12. Valantia triflora, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 384. exclusive
of the synonymes. Valantia aparine, Mart. fl. rust. 1. t. 122.
Valantia tricornis, Roth, neu. beytr. 1. p. 142. — Vaill. bot. t.
4. f. 3. a, a. Flowers greenish-white.
Three-horned Goosegrass. Fl. Ju. Aug. Britain. PI. •§• to 1ft.
119 G. SPU'RIUM (Lin. spec. p. 154.) stems decumbent, sca-
brous from retrograde prickles along the angles, but glabrous at
the knees ; leaves 6-9 in a whorl, lanceolate, mucronate, keeled,
scabrous from retrograde prickles along the keel and edges ;
peduncles many-flowered, hardly recurved, while in the fruit
longer than the leaves; fruit glabrous, smooth. Q. H. Native
of Europe and Siberia, in fields and all cultivated ground ; in
Scotland, in corn-fields about Forfar, but rare. D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3.
no. 3377. Smith, eng. bot. t. 1871. G. agreste leiospermum,
Wallr. sched. p 59. G. hispidum, Hoffm. germ. l.p. 74. G.
adhse'rens, Jacq. hort. vind. ex Jan. herb. G. aparine var.
Spreng. Flowers green. Perhaps two species are confused
under this name, differing much in the size of the fruit.
Spurious Goosegrass. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. decumb.
120 G. SCABE'RRIMUM (Vahl, in Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 135.)
stem angular, scabrous from retrograde prickles ; leaves 8 in a
whorl, linear, spreadingly reflexed, longer than the internodes,
mucronate, very scabrous above, and scabrous from prickles
along the keel and margins ; peduncles axillary, few-flowered,
subcorymbose ; fruit globose, didymous, hispid from bristles,
which are hooked at the apex. Q. H. Native of Egypt. G.
hispidum, Willd. enum. hort. berol. 1. p. 150. Corollas yel-
lowish. Stem simple.
Very-rough Goosegrass. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1821. PI. -| foot.
121 G. APARINE (Lin. spec. p. 157.) stems weak, branched,
rough from retrograde prickles, villous at the nodi ; leaves 8 in a
whorl, lanceolate-linear, apiculated, scabrous from retrograde
prickles along the margins and keel ; peduncles simple and bifid,
scabrous ; fruit didymously globose, very hispid from bristles,
that are hooked at top. 0. H. Native throughout the whole
of Europe, north of Asia, and North America, in hedges, fields,
and in most cultivated places ; plentiful in Britain. Oed. fl. dan.
t. 495. Smith, engl. bot. t. 816. Bull. herb. fr. t. 215. Heyn'e,
term. bot. t. 13. f. 6. Mart. fl. rust. t. 104. Woodv. med. bot.
suppl. 269. Valantia Aparine /3, Lam.fl. fr. 3. p. 383. Aparine
hispida, Moench. meth. p. 640. Rubia tinctorum, Lapeyr. ex
Benth. Aparine, Dod.pempt. 353. Petiv.brit. t. 30. f. 11. Flowers
small, pale buff-coloured. Fruit rather large. Stems climbing.
The well known property of this plant of adhering to whatever it
comes in contact with, acquired it the names of Cleavers or
Clivers, and Catchweed or Scratchweed ; and from being a
favourite food or medicine of geese, Goosegrass, Gooseshare, and
Goslingweed. The stalks, according to Linnaeus, are used in
Sweden as a filtre to strain milk through. Dioscorides relates
that the shepherds made the same use of it in his time. It is
reckoned to purify the blood, and for that purpose the tops are
an ingredient in spring broth. The expressed juice of the herb
taken to the amount of 4 ounces or a quarter of a pint night and
morning, during several weeks, is very efficacious in removing
many cutaneous disorders. It has been most celebrated in
scrofulous and cancerous sores, but the experiments made has
not turned out in its favour. The seeds are a good substitute
for coffee. The roots, like most of the genus, will dye red, and
eaten by birds have tinged their bones of that colour.
Var. ft, minor (Req. diss. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 608.) stem
dwarf; leaves usually 6 in a whorl, and smaller. Q. H. Native
of the island of St. Lucia, near Narbonne.
Common Cleavers or Goosegrass. Fl. May, Aug. Britain.
PI. climbing.
122 G. VAILLA'NTII (D. C. fl. fr. 1805. no. 8381.) stems
weak, nearly simple, glabrous at the nodi, but scabrous from re-
trograde prickles along the angles ; leaves 8 in a whorl, linear,
having the keel and margins scabrous from retrograde
prickles ; peduncles simple or bifid ; fruit globosely didy-
mous, rather hispid from a few bristles, which are hooked at
their tops. 0. H. Native of Europe, in cultivated fields ;
plentiful in some parts of Britain. G. infestum, Waldst. et Kit.
pi. rar. hung. 3. p. 202. (1808) Bess. gall. 121. G. agreste
echinospermum, Wallr. sched. p. 59. G. Aparine ft, Lam.
Flowers small, yellowish. Fruit about half the size of those of
G. aparine, and not so hispid.
Vaillant's Goosegrass. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PL 2
to 3 feet.
123 G. APARINOIDES (Forsk. descrip. p. 30.) stems weak,
prickly along the angles, but the prickles are not retrograde as
in most of the species, but lean forward, and the knees or joints
are equal and glabrous ; leaves 6 in a whorl, oblong, scabrous
from retrograde prickles along the margins and keel ; peduncles
3 from the top of each branch, bifid ; fruit hispid from bristles,
which are hooked at the tops. Q. H. Native of Arabia, in
shady places. Vahl, symb. 2. p. 30. Flowers white. Fruit
like that of G. apartne.
Cleavers' -like Goose-grass. PI. procumbent.
124 G. PAUCIFLORUM (Bunge, 1. c.) annual ; stems weak, gla-
brous, tetragonal, scabrous from retrograde prickles along the
angles ; leaves 6 in a whorl, spatulately oblong, attenuated at
the base, cuspidate by a spine, hispid above, and glabrous be-
RUBIACE^E. CCXVI. GALIUM.
659
neath, with scabrous margins ; peduncles axillary, a little longer
than the leaves, bracteate, 1-2-flowered ; corollas very minute,
obtuse ; fruit didymous, very hispid from hooked bristles. 2£ .
G. Native of China, in humid places, near Ssi-jui-ssy.
Few-flowered Goose-grass. PI. decumbent.
125 G. AUSTRA'LE (D. C. prod. 4. p. 608.) stems weak, pro-
cumbent, branched, tetragonal, pilose, on one side ; leaves 4 in
a whorl, oblong, mucronately acute, rather pilose, with sub-
revolute edges ; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered, hardly longer
than the leaves; fruit very hispid from bristles. — Native of New
Holland, at Bass Straits, where it was collected by D'Urville.
Said to be nearly allied to G. recurvum, but differs in the pedi-
cels not being recurved, and in the fruit being twice the
size.
Southern Goose-grass. PI. procumbent.
126 G. GRA'CILE (Bunge, in mem. acad. sc. Petersb. 2. p.
109.) stem simple, erect, quite glabrous, shining, tetragonal ;
leaves 4 in a whorl : lower ones obovate, middle ones elliptic, supe-
rior ones oblong, 1 -nerved, scabrous from dots, hispid on the
margins ; panicles axillary, dichotomous, very slender, exceed-
ing the leaves ; corollas very minute, obtuse ; fruit hispid from
hooked bristles. If.. G. Native of China, on mountains, near
Lun-ziian-ssy.
Slender Goose-grass. PI. g foot.
127 G. TE'NERUM (Schleich. ex Gaud. fl. helv. 4. p. 442.)
stems filiform, glabrous ; leaves 6 in a whorl, obovate, seta-
ceously apiculated, scabrous from retrograde prickles on the
margins; peduncles by threes, trifid, spreading; fruit hispid.
Q. H. Native of the Alps of Switzerland. Corollas small,
white.
Tender Goose-grass. PI. procumbent.
128 G. LITIGIOSUM (D. C. fl. fr. no. 3382. icon. rar. t. 26.)
stems decumbent, branched, rather scabrous ; leaves 4-6 in a
whorl, linear-lanceolate, acute, shorter than the internodes,
rather scabrous ; peduncles elongated, divaricate, bifid or trifid ;
fruit nearly globose, hispid at top from somewhat hooked hairs.
(•)• H. Native of the south of France, Italy, Sicily, in rough
stony places, and probably about Paris, but very doubtful. G.
Parisiense, Lin. spec. p. 157. exclusive of the synonymes. G.
multiflorum, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 251. G. axillare, Presl. prod. fl.
sic. p. 61. ex Guss. Flowers small, reddish. This species differs
from G. Ariglicum and G. grdcile in the fruit being hispid.
Var. /3, ndnum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 609.) stems short, erect.
Q. H. Native of Europe, in very sterile places. D. C. icon,
rar. t. 26. right-hand figure.
Litigious Goose-grass. Fl. June, July. PI. decumbent.
129 G. MICROSPE'RMUM (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 130.) stems erect,
tetragonal, glabrous, rough ; branches divaricate ; leaves 6 in a
whorl, linear-acute, denticulated ; fruit hispid. O- H. Native
of Barbary, near Mascar ; and of Sardinia. Asperula scabra,
Moris, clench, sard. 2. p. 4. and 3. p. 8. Flowers small, white.
Very nearly allied to G. divaricatum, Lam., and is perhaps only
a variety of it, with hispid fruit. According to Steven, obs.
ined. in herb. Willd. it is only a variety of G. liligibsum.
Small-seeded Goose-grass. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI.
| foot.
130 G. SETACEUM (Lam. diet. 2. (1786.) p. 584.) stems fili-
form, erect, scabrous at bottom ; leaves usually 6-8 in a whorl,
but from 4 to 8, linear-setaceous, with rather scabrous margins :
lower ones oblong ; peduncles slender, divaricate, trifid ; fruit
hispid from bristles, which are hooked at the apex. Q. H.
Native of Spain, Mauritania, Sicily, Provence, in exposed stony
or rocky places. Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 129. D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 498.
G. microcarpirm, Vahl, symb. 2. (1791.) p. 30. G. capillare,
Cav. icon. 2. (1792.) p. 73. t. 191. f. 1. Lag. gen. et spec. no.
127. G. floribundum, Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 134.? G.
capillare and G. microcarpum, Spreng. syst. Flowers red. The
oldest name is here admitted for this plant, as in all other cases.
Setaceous-leaved Goose-grass. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819.
PI. i to | foot.
131 G. SIBTHORPII (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 244.) stems
smooth ; leaves 8 in a whorl, linear, revolutely setaceous, sca-
brous : lower ones obovate ; pedicels capillary ; fruit rather
pilose. O- H. Native of the Grecian Islands, on sterile hills.
G. capillare, Smith, prod. fl. graec. 1. p. 94. but not of Cav.
G. Creticum annuum tenuifolium flore albido, Tourn. cor. p. 4.
Flowers pale yellow or cream-coloured. Perhaps only a variety
of G. microspermum or G, setaceum.
Sibthorp's Goose-grass. PI.
132 G. BREVIFOLIUM (Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. t. 135. but
not of Stev.) stems villous ; leaves 7 in a whorl, obovate, awned,
scabrous ; peduncles tricliotomous, terminal ; lobes of corolla
awned; fruit hispid. O- H. Native of Caramania, on the sea-
shore. Flowers cream-coloured. The bristles on the stem and
leaves are not retrograde, as on most of the species. Perhaps
the same as G. album, Willd. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst.
Short-leaved Goose-grass. PI. 1 foot.
133 G. A'LBUM (Forsk. descrip. const, p. 20.) stems erect,
branched, downy, coloured at the nodi ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl,
oblong, mucronate, with scabrous hardly serrulated margins,
glabrous above, and villous beneath, especially on the keel ;
fruit hispid. ©• H. Native about Smyrna. Flowers white.
If'hite-fiowered Goose-grass. PI. 1^ foot.
1S4 G. RECU'RVUM (Req. diss. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 609.)
stems weak, decumbent, branched, smoothish ; leaves 6 in a
whorl, but the uppermost ones are only 4, obovate-oblong, nar-
rowed at the base, acutish at the apex, glabrous ; peduncles
axillary, 3-flowered, equal in length to the leaves, deflexed while
in fruit, hairy ; fruit small, globose, hispid. O- H. Native of
the Grecian Archipelago, among rocks. G. micranthum, D'Urv.
cat. no. 133. but not of Pursh. Sherardia muralis, Sibth. in
herb. L'Her. Sherardia muralis, Stev. obs. p. 70 ?
/Jecu/rerf-peduncled Goose-grass. PI. decumbent.
§ 13. A'speree (from asper, rough; fruit). D. C. prod. 4.
p. 610. — A'spera, Mcench. meth. 641. Plants annual. Leaves
usually 4, rarely 6 in a whorl. Inflorescence lateral. Fruit oblong,
hispid; mericarps or parts of fruit distinct, narrow, elongated.
135 G. FILIFORME (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 252.) stem
simple, hispid, slightly tetragonal ; leaves 4 in a whorl, oblong,
remotely ciliately denticulated, reticulated, glabrous ; male
flowers nearly sessile, hermaphrodite ones on short pedicels ;
fruit oblong, paleaceous, longer than the pedicels. O- H. Na-
tive of Teneriffe, on the Walls of Lagunea, but not to be found
elsewhere. Valantia filiformis, Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 42. Flowers
yellowish.
Filiform Goose-grass. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1780. PI. -j to
£ foot.
136 G. MURA'LE (D. C. fl. fr. no. 3383. All. pedem. no. 34.
t. 77. f. 1.) stems branched, decumbent, smoothish ; leaves lan-
ceolate, 6 and 4 in a whorl ; flowers axillary, twin, on short
pedicels ; pedicels deflexed after flowering ; fruit oblong, hispid.
O- H. Native of Occittania, Valentia, Sicily, Siberia, Provence,
Italy, Cyprus, Candia, Persia, about Constantinople, in rugged
exposed places. Buxb. cent. 2. t. 30. f. 2. G. minimum,
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 262. Aparine minima, All. nic.
p. 4. Sherardia muralis, Lin. spec. 149. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec.
115. G. stenocarpum, Duf. in litt. G. fragile, Pourr. chlor. liisp.
512. — Moris, oxon. t. 21. f. 6. A'spera nutans, Mcench. meth.
p. 641. Corollas yellowish. Mature fruit of 2 mericarps.
Var. /3, leiospernum (Req. in litt. 1828. ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
610.) stem, leaves, and fruit glabrous. 0. H. Native of
4 p 2
RUBIACE^E. CCXVI. GALIUM.
Montpelier, at Pont Juvenal, where it was collected by Re-
quien.
Wall Goose-grass. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. decum-
bent.
137 G. VERTICILLA'TUM (Dantli. in Lain. diet. 2. p. 585.)
stem branched at the base ; branches nearly simple, elongated,
smoothish ; leaves linear-lanceolate, hispid, 4 in a whorl : upper-
most ones opposite, deflexed ; flowers 2-4, axillary, and there-
fore verticillate, almost sessile; fruit erect, hispid. O- H.
Native of Sicily, Provence, about Salon Foz ; at the foot of
Mount Ventosa, Tauria, and Caucasus, in arid places, and at
the fountains of the river Salgir. Lois. not. 33. t. 2. D. C.
suppl. fl. fr. p. 498. Req. diss. mss. Galium murale, Bieb. fl.
taur. 1. p. 105. ex Stev. G. verticillatum, Pourr. chl. no. 508.
yerticillatc-Aowered Goose-grass. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824.
PI. I foot.
1 38 G. SMITHII ; branches erect, simple, bluntly quadrangular,
scabrous ; leaves 4 in a whorl, uppermost opposite, all deflexed,
elliptic-lanceolate, scabrous; flowers axillary, by threes, therefore 6
in a whorl, erect; fruit hispid, with distinct, elongated mericarps.
O • H. Native of the Grecian Islands, among rocks. Sherardia
erecta, Smith, fl. graec. t. 116. Flowers greenish yellow.
Smith's Goose-grass. PI. ^ foot.
•f Species of Galium not sufficiently hnonn.
* Species natives of Europe.
139 G. SOLEIROLII (Lois. nouv. not. 7.) stems weak, angular,
downy (Lois.), villous (Spreng.); leaves 5-6 in a whorl, ovate-
lanceolate, acute, hairy ; peduncles dichotomous (Lois.), divari-
cate, trifid, few-flowered (Spreng.); fruit wrinkled. Tf.. H.
Native of Corsica, by the sea-side, where it was collected by
Soleirol. G. Corsicum, Spreng. cur. post. p. 39. Flowers un-
known.
Soleirol's Bed-straw. PI. procumbent.
140 G. GOLDLA'CHICUM (Kluk. in Bess. prim. fl. gal. 2. p.
337.) stems procumbent, diffuse, tetragonal ; leaves 8 in a whorl,
narrow-lanceolate, awned, girded by strong hairs at the apex ;
flowers umbellate ; fruit globose. — Native of Gallicia, in grassy
places. Said to be like G. leeve and G. Buccbni.
Goldlach Bed-straw. PI. procumbent.
141 G. PENTA'NDRUM (Gileb. ex Kluk. in Bess. prim. fl. gal.
2. p. 338.) stems erect, branched ; leaves 8 in a whorl, linenr-
lanceolate, spotted with white at the apex ; racemes few-flow-
ered ; flowers pentamerous ; fruit didymous — Native of Gallicia.
Flowers yellowish. Said to be nearly allied to G, verum, and is
probably merely a pentamerous-flowered variety of that plant.
Pentandrous Bed-straw. PI. 1 foot.
142 G. OCHROLEU\:UM (Kit. in Schultes, cestr. fl. ed. 2. vol. 1.
p. 305.) stems erect, quadrangular, smooth ; leaves 8 in a whorl,
linear-subulate, with very rough margins, and ending in a long
mucrone each ; flowers by threes, corymbose, campanulately
funnel-shaped, y. . H. Native of Austria, on mountain rocks.
Flowers cream-coloured. Perhaps a species of Asperula.
Cream-coloiired-rfioweredi Bed-straw. PI. 1 foot.
143 G. MONTA'NUM (Lin. spec. p. 155.) stems weak, scabrous ;
leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, smooth; corymbs trifid. O- H.
Native of Germany, France, England. Corolla white, purplish
outside before expansion. Anthers brown. This plant is not
known at the present day, as the plant under this name in the
Linnaean herbarium does not agree with the characters given of
it by him.
Mountain Bed-straw. PI. ^ to | foot.
* A species native of the Levant.
144 G. HIEROSOLYMITA'NUM (Lin. amcen. 4. p. 451.) leaves
10 in a whorl, lanceolate-linear ; flowers umbellate, fa,tigiate.
— Native of Palestine. Stature of G. rubrum. The rest un-
known.
Jerusalem Bed-straw. PI. 5- to 1 foot.
» * •
Species natives of Asia.
145 G. TUBEROSUM (Lour. coch. p. 79.) root oblong, tuber-
ous ; stem procumbent, simple ; leaves 4-5 in a whorl, lanceo-
late, glabrous ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered, crowded, longish ;
fruit rough. — Native of China and Cochin-china, where it is cul-
tivated for the sake of the tubers, which are farinaceous, and are
eaten when boiled. Flowers hardly known. Perhaps a true
species of Galium.
Tuberous-rooted Bed-straw. PI. procumbent.
146 G. STRIGOSUM (Thunb. nov. act. ups. 7. p. 141. t. 4. f.
1-9.) stems decumbent, tetragonal, scabrous along the angles ;
leaves 6 in a whorl, elliptic, ending in a spinose point, hispid
from pili above, and nearly glabrous beneath, with ciliately sca-
brous edges ; flowers axillary, on short peduncles. — Native of
Japan. G. uliginosum, Thunb. fl. jap. 58.
Strigose Bed-straw. PI. decumbent.
* Species natives of the Cape of Good Hope.
147 G. MUCRONA'TUM (Thunb. prod. p. 30. fl. cap. 151.) stems
downy, weak, tetragonal, rising in numbers from the same root ;
leaves 6 in a whorl, linear, mucronate, glabrous, with revolute
serrated edges ; branches few-flowered ; fruit glabrous. — Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Perhaps the same as G. mucrona-
tum, Spreng. pug. 2. no. 49. The G. mucronatum, Lam. and
the G. mucronatum, Ruiz et Pav. are distinct species. Mucrones
of leaves white.
Mucronate-leaved Bed-straw. PI. ^ foot.
148 G. HORRIDUM (Thunb. fl. cap. 1. p. 556. phyt. bl. p. 16.)
stem suffruticose, erect, tetragonal, prickly along the angles ;
leaves usually 8 in a whorl, linear, reflexed, serrated by prickles.
Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Horrid Bed-straw. Shrub 2 feet.
149 G. GLA'BRUM (Thunb. prod. p. 30. fl. cap. 152.) stems
flexuous, erect, tetragonal, glabrous, serrated along the angles ;
leaves 6 in a whorl, obovate-oblong, acute, glabrous, with repli-
cately-serrated edges ; peduncles ample, lateral and terminal,
panicled. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
white. Very like G. asperum.
Glabrous Bed-straw. PL 1 foot.
150 G. A'SPERUM (Thunb. prod. 30. fl. cap. 554.) stem flexu-
ously erect, beset with white twisted hairs, and scabrous along
the angles ; leaves 6 in a whorl, oblong, glabrous, with repli-
cately serrated margins ; flowers few. 1J. . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Angles of stem rough from retrograde
denticulations. Fruit glabrous.
Rough Bed-straw. PI. 1| foot.
151 G. EXPA'NSUM (Thunb. prod. 30. fl. cap. 152.) stem te-
tragonal, smooth, with divaricate downy branches ; leaves 6 in
a whorl, linear, mucronate, glabrous, with revolute margins ;
panicles trichotomous, spreading, divaricate ; fruit smooth. Tf. . ?
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corollas white.
Expanded Bed-straw. PI. 1 foot.
152 G. CAPE'NSE (Thunb. prod. p. 30. fl. cap. p. 151.) stems
frutescent at the base, erect, branched ; branches terete, downy ;
leaves 6-8 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, glabrous, with revolute
margins ; peduncles dichotomous ; fruit glabrous, smooth, tj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white.
Cape Bed-straw. Shrub 1 foot.
***** Species natives of North America.
153 G. UNIFLORUM (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 79.) stems
flaccid, smooth ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, acute, glabrous ;
. CCXVI. GALIUM. CCXV1I. CALLIPELTIS.
661
peduncles axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered, very short; flowers
drooping ; fruit glabrous, if. . H. Native of Carolina. Fertile
branches ascending. Said to be nearly allied to G. linctdrium.
Flowers white. G. uniflorum, Req. ined. in herb. D. C. is a
variety of G. triflorum.
One-flowered Bed-straw. PI. ascending.
154 G. PARVIFLORUM (Rafin. med. disp. 5. and in Desv. journ.
hot. 1. p. 227.) stems diffuse, angular, glabrous ; leaves 5-6 in
a whorl, linear-lanceolate, very acute, glabrous ; flowers very
numerous, panicled. — Native of North America, about New-
castle and Delaware. Flowers small, white.
Small-flowered Bed-straw. PI. diffuse.
155 G. spiNUL6suM (Rafin. med. serm. p. 40. but not of
Merat.) plant diffuse ; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, cuneiform, cuspi-
date, spinulose, scabrous; peduncles lateral, dichotomous, many-
flowered ; fruit scabrous. — Native of Maryland. Desv. journ.
bot. 4. p. 270. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 528.
Spinulose Bed-straw. PI. diffuse.
156 G. ? MEXICA'NUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 337.) stem beset with retrograde prickles; leaves 8 in a whorl,
linear, acuminately pungent, glabrous, with revolute edges,
which are, as well as the middle nerve, rough from retrograde
prickles, one-half shorter than the internodes ; corymbs ter-
minal, sub-trichotomous ; fruit hispid. 0. H. Native of Mexico,
near Guanaxuato. Perhaps a species of Rubia.
Mexican Bed-straw. PI. 1-J foot.
* * * * »
Species natives of South America.
157 G. DENTICULA'TUM (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C.
prod. 4. p. 612.) stems diffuse, branched, rather hispid from
bristles ; leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate, cuspidate, ciliated by dis-
tant bristles, rather hairy on both surfaces, 1-nerved; flowers
few, terminal, usually by threes ; pedicels capillary ; fruit gla-
brous.— Native of Mexico, at Real del Monte. Perhaps a spe-
cies of Rubia.
Denticulated-]eaved Bed-straw. PI. diffuse.
158 G. HIRSU'TUM (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 59.) stems pro-
cumbent, tetragonal, much branched, hairy ; leaves 4 in a whorl,
lanceolate, reflexed, hairy ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, soli-
tary, short; fruit scabrous. O- H. Native of Peru, in the
province of Canta, in shady places. Perhaps a species of
Rubia.
Hairy Bed-straw. PI. procumbent.
159 G. PILIFERUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
337.) stems weak, beset with retrograde prickles ; leaves 8 in a
whorl, linear-lanceolate, acuminated by hairs, glabrous, with re-
volute edges, which are, as well as the middle nerve, beset with
retrograde prickles, much shorter than the internodes ; flowers
terminal, on long peduncles ; fruit hispid. 0. H. Native of
New Granada, on the Andes. This plant ought probably to be
excluded from the genus, on account of its campanulate corolla.
Habit of G. uligiribsum.
Piliferous Bed-straw. PI. procumbent.
160 G. CANE'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
336.) stems almost glabrous; branches and leaves villous;
leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate, acuminated, triple-nerved, canes-
cent beneath, much shorter than the internodes ; floriferous
branches bifid ; flowers lateral and axillary, solitary and terminal,
by threes ; fruit beset with hooked bristles. ©. H. Native
about the town of Quito. Habit of G. maritima, but is said to
be annual. Perhaps a species of Rubia.
Canescent Bed-straw. PI. procumbent.
161 G. CARIPE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
337.) stem glabrous, beset with retrograde prickles ; leaves 8 in
a whorl, upper ones 6, oblong-lanceolate, mucronate, having the
margins beset with retrograde prickles, much shorter than the
internodes ; flowers terminal, usually by threes, pedunculate ;
fruit hispid. ©. H. Native of Cumana, near Caripe, in shady
places. Said to be allied to G. tinctorium, but is annual.
Caripe Bed-straw. PI. diffuse.
162 G. LAPPA'CEUM (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 59.) stem ra-
ther scandent, much branched, tetragonal ; branches villous,
dichotomous ; leaves oblong or obovate, 4 in a whorl, hispid :
upper ones 3 in a whorl, lanceolate ; peduncles axillary, 1 -
flowered ; fruit hispid from bristles. — Native of Peru, about
Huanaco, at Puelles Collem. The fruit is said to be baccate.
Perhaps a species of Rubia.
Burdock -fruited Bed-straw. PI. climbing.
known.
Species the native habitats of which are un-
163 G. DICHOTOMUM (Lehm. ind. sem. hort. hamb. 1823. p.
7.) stem dichotomous, frutescent, quadrangular ; leaves 4 in a
whorl, obovate-lanceolate ; fruit glabrous. }/ . H. Native
country unknown. Said to be allied to G. fruticbsum, but the
leaves are much broader and shorter, and the flowers are
larger.
Dichotomous-stemmed Bed-straw. Shrub.
164 G. RIGIDUM (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 144.) stem erect, te-
rete, pilose, rather scabrous ; leaves verticillate, linear, scabrous
above; panicles divaricate. 2£. H. Native country unknown.
Stiff Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1778. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. The species of Galium are of the most easy culture
and propagation. They will all grow in any common soil. The
perennial kinds are easily increased by dividing the plants, or by
seeds. The seeds of annual species should be sown where the
plants are intended to remain. Those species natives of bogs or
marshes should be planted in a moist situation ; and those natives
of warmer climates should be protected during winter, either by
covering with mats or haulm of other herbs, or4jy placing them
in a green-house. None of them are worth cultivating, unless in
botanical gardens.
CCXVII. CALLIPE'LTIS (from raXXoc, kallos, beauty, and
7T£\rij, pelte, a buckler ; in reference to the large hollow brae-
teas). Stev. obs. pi. ross. p. 69. D. C. prod. 4. p. 613.—
Cucullaria, Buxb. cent. 1. p. 13. t. 19. f. 2. but not of Schreb.
nor Rafin. Valantia species, Lin. — Galium species, Rcem. et
Shultes.
LIN. SYST. Telrdndria, Digynia. Calyx with an oblong tube,
and the limb not perspicuous. Corolla 4-parted, campanulate ;
lobes ovate, very short. Stamens 4, very short. Stigmas 2.
Fruit oblong, rather incurved ; one of the mericarps being abor-
tive, the fruit is only 1-seeded. — An annual, erect, much-
branched, slender, glabrous herb. Leaves 2, oblong, and sti-
pulas 2, very like the leaves, constituting a 4-leaved whorl.
Flowers 3 from each axil, on short pedicels, and therefore con-
stituting C-flowered whorles. Bractea large, membranous, com-
plicate, and as if it were holding the fruit within its hollow.
Flowers small, all fertile. Fruit hispid at the apex.
1 C. CUCULLA'RIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 013.) ©. H. Native
of Cappadocia, Arabia, Persia, at Aleppo, Iberia ; and of
Spain, at Aranjuez. Valantia cucullaria, Lin. amcen. acad. 4.
p. 295. Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 438. Lam. ill. t. 843. f. 2.— Buxb.
cent. 1. p. 13. t. 19. f. 2. — Galium cucullaria, Room, et Schultes,
syst. 3. p. 259. Flowers whitish.
CucaMzr-bractead Callipeltis. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1780.
PI. -j to 1 foot.
Cult. Sow the seeds in a warm dry situation, where the plants
are intended to remain for seed.
662
RUBIACE^E. CCXVIII. VAILLANTIA. CCXIX. POMAX. CCXX. OPERCULARIA.
CCXVII1. VAILLA'NTIA (so named in honour of Sebas-
tien Vaillant, an eminent French botanist, and demonstrator at
the botanic garden, Paris, author of Discours sur la Structure
des Fleurs, 1718, and Botanicum Parisiense, 1723, 8vo., and
1726, fol. &c.). D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 266. Roam, et Schultes, syst.
3. p. 14. and p. 74. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p.
134. t. 11. f. 2. D. C. prod. 4. p. 613. — Valantia, Tourn. act.
acad. sc. 1705. Mich. gen. 13. t. 17. Moench. meth, p. 639.—
Valantia species, Lin. — Vaillantia species, Waldst. et Kit.
LIN. SYST. Polygdmia, Monce"cia. Flowers by threes ; mid-
dle one fertile, hermaphrodite, and the two lateral ones male,
and combined with the middle one. Tube of calyx ovate ; limb
denticulated, permanent, the denticulations many, irregular and
stiff. Corollas rotate ; male ones trifid, and the hermaphrodite
one quadrifid. Stamens 3-4. Styles 2 in the hermaphrodite
flower ; stigmas capitate. Fruit 3-horned, in consequence of
the ovaria of the three flowers being combined ; the lateral
horns sterile, and the middle one biovulate, but usually only
1-seeded at maturity. — Annual branched herbs. Stems te-
tragonal. Leaves oval, opposite, and stipulas 2, very like the
leaves, forming a 4-leaved whorl. Flowers 3 in each axil,
sessile, small, yellow, therefore they appear 6 in a whorl.
— According to the observation of A. Richard, the seeds are
half naked at maturity from the rupturing of the mericarp.
1 V. MURA'LIS (Lin. spec. p. 1490.) stem, leaves, and calyxes
glabrous. ©. H. Native of the south of Europe, in dry
rocky places, and on old walls ; on the whole coast of Tuscany ;
on the sandy shores of the County of Nice ; and in the south of
France, about Nemours ; also about Montpelier and Leghorn.
Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. 137. V. quadrifolia, Moench. meth. p.
(HO. — Sabb. hort. 1. 1. 83. — Mich. gen. 13. t. 7. — Mor. oxon.
.'i. sect. 9. t. 21. f. 2. — Col. ecphr. t. 297. Angles of fruit
fringed.
Wall Cross-wort. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1739. PI. £ foot.
2 V. HispiDA (Lin. spec. p. 1490.) stem hispid; leaves cili-
ated; calyxes pilose. O- H. Native of TenerifFe, south of
Spain, Italy, Balearic Islands, Candia, Barbary, &c. in hedges
and fields. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. t. 138. Galium hispidum
and G. blepharophon, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 249. Fruit
prickly. Lateral horns of fruit smaller.
Var. /3, aculeata (D. C. prod. 4. p. 614.) plant larger; fruit
glabrous, longer than the denticulations of the calyx. Q. H.
Native of the kingdom of Naples, among rubbish and on old
walls.
Hispid Cross-wort. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1768. PI. i to f
foot.
Cult. Sow the seeds on an old wall or on rock-work, or in any
dry sandy soil and situation.
Tribe XIII.
OPERCULARIE^ (this tribe contains .plants whose fruit
opens by an operculum). A. Rich. mem. soc, hist. nat. Par. 5.
p. 142. D. C. prod. 4. p. 614. — Operculariae, Juss. ann. mus.
4. p. 418. and 10. p. 328.— Opercularia Gartn. fruct. 1. p. 111.
t. 24. Flowers combined : having the calycrne tubes resembling at
length a peculiar operculum. Corollas 3-5-cleft. Stamens 1-5 ;
filaments hardly adnate to the tube of the corolla at the base.
Style short; stigmas 2, slender, elongated, acute. Fruit 1 -celled
and 1-seeded by abortion, combined, 2-valved (f. 112. &.), at
length dehiscing. — Herbs or subshrubs, usually natives of Aus-
tralia. Leaves opposite. Stipulas twin on both sides, distinct
or combined. Flowers combined into a head, girded by a par-
tial, many-toothed involucrum. Heads of flowers sometimes um-
bellate and pedunculate, and sometimes sessile and capitate, usu-
ally girded by a universal involucrum. — This tribe agrees with
Spermacocece in habit and stigmas, but the number of sta-
mens is variable, and therefore it approaches the order Vale-
rianece.
CCXIX. PO'MAX (from Trwfia, poma, an operculum ; in
reference to the operculum to the fruit). Soland. in Gaertn.
fruct. 1. p. 111. t. 24. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p.
145. t. 13. f. 1. D. C. prod. 4. p. 615.— Opercularise floribus
umbellatis, Juss. ann. mus. 4. p. 418.
LIN. SYST. Mono-Tetrandria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx
wanting. Corolla 3-4-cleft. Stamens 1-4. Seeds wrinkled
from tubercles. — SufFrutescent herbs. Leaves opposite, fur-
nished with one leaf-formed stipula on each side. Peduncles 7-
10, terminal, umbellate, involucrated by the 2 floral leaves and
4 small stipulas, bearing at their tops a small distinct head of
flowers each ; heads girded by a blunt 8-10-toothed involucrum.
Flowers 3 within each partial involucrum, joined together by the
tubes of the calyxes.
1 P. HIRTA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 615.) branches, leaves, pedun-
cles, and involucra hispid ; leaves oblong-linear. I? . G. Na-
tive of New Holland. Pomax umbellata, Sol. 1. c. Opercularia
umbellata, Geertn. fruct. 1. p. 112. t. 24. Lam. ill. t. 58. f. 1.
Juss. mem. mus. 10. p. 426. Sieb. nov. holl. no. 250.
Hairy Pomax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. PL | to 1 ft.
2 P. OLA' BRA (D. C. 1. c.) plant glabrous in every part ; leaves
elliptic, attenuated at the base. ^ . G. Native of New Hol-
land, about Port Jackson. Stipulas smaller than in the preced-
ing species.
Glabrous Pomax. Shrub 1 foot.
Cult. The species of this genus grow best in a mixture of
loam, peat, and sand ; and cuttings root freely under a hand-
glass.
CCXX. OPERCULARIA (from operculum, a lid; in refer-
ence to the operculate calyx). A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat.
Par. 5. p. 144. t. 13. f. 2. D. C. prod. 4. p. 615.— Rubioides,
Soland. 1. c. — Cryptospermum, Young, in Lin. trans. 3. p. 30.
— Opercularia and Cryptospermum, Pers. — Operculariae flori-
bus capitatis, Juss.
LIN. SYST. Mono-Pentandria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx
3-4-lobed. Corolla 3-5-cleft. Stamens 1-5. Seeds nearly
smooth. — Herbs suffruticose at the base. Leaves opposite, fur-
nished with distinct stipulas on both sides. Heads of flowers
globose, terminal, or rising from the forks of the branches, pe-
dunculate, or nearly sessile. Universal involucrum wanting, or
composed of the 2 upper leaves and 4 small stipulas. Partial
involucra acutely 8-10-toothed.
1 O. HISPIDA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 385.) stems diffuse, fur-
rowed, tetragonal, rough from numerous hairs ; leaves small,
ovate, pilose ; heads pedunculate, rising from the forks of the
branches, drooping. ^ . G. Na-
tive of New Holland. O. aspera,
Juss. ann. mus. 4. p. 427. t. 70.
f. 1 . Universal involucrum want-
ing; partial ones 8-10-toothed,
each containing 3-5 flowers. Co-
rolla 5- cleft, monandrous or di-
androus, white.
Hispid Opercularia. Fl. Ju.
July. Clt. 1790. PI. diffuse.
2 O. SESSILIFLORA (JuSS. 1. C.
p. 427. t. 170. f. 2.) glabrous;
stems diffuse, slender, hardly
furrowed ; leaves linear ; heads
of flowers small, hemispherical,
sessile in the forks of the branches
11 . G. Native of New Holland.
FIG. 112.
RUBIACE^E. CCXX. OPERCULARIA. CCXXI. LIPOSTOMA.
663
Partial involucra 4-5 in the same head, each containing 2-4
flowers. Corollas 4-5-cleft, monandrous or diandrous, white.
Leaves like those of the species of Linaria.
Sessile-flowered Opercularia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824.
PI. diffuse.
3 O. APICIFLORA (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 35. t. 48.) glabrous;
stems diffuse, very slender, furrowed ; leaves oblong-linear,
short ; stipulas joined in one on both sides ; heads of flowers
terminal, small, hemispherical, involucrated by about 4 verticil-
late leaves. I? . G. Native of New Holland, in Van Lewin's
Land. Juss. mem. mus. 4. p. 427. Partial involucra 1-3 in
each head, each containing 3-4 flowers. Corollas 4-5-cleft ;
monandrous or diandrous, white. (Fig. 112.).
Top-flowered Opercularia. Shrub 1 foot.
4 O. SPERMACOCEA (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 35. t. 47.) gla-
brous ; stem shrubby, erect ; leaves linear, almost triquetrous ;
stipulas combined in one on both sides, bidentate at the apex ;
heads spherical, pedunculate, terminal, fy . G. Native of New
Holland, in Lewin's Land. Juss. ann. mus. 4. p. 427. Leaves
falsely verticillate. Partial involucra 4-5 in the same head, each
bearing 4 flowers. Habit of Spermacdce verticillata.
Spermacoce-Mke Opercularia. Shrub 1 foot.
5 O. VAGINA'TA (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 34. t. 46.) glabrous;
stem erect, woody at the base, rather angular ; leaves linear ;
stipulas combined into a long sheath, which is bidentate at top
on both sides ; heads globose, naked, terminal. Tj . G. Native
of New Holland, in Van Lewin's Land. Juss. ann. mus. 4. p.
428. Partial involucra 5-9 in a head, each containing 3-5
flowers. Corolla 4-cleft. Stamens 4, ex Labill.
Sheathed-st'npu\ed Opercularia. Shrub 1 foot.
6 O. HIRTE LLA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 616.) stem rather angular,
and rather pilose at the apex ; branches elongated ; leaves linear,
stipulas lanceolate-subulate ; heads of flowers pedunculate,
drooping, hairy, rising from the forks of the branches. I/ . G.
Native of New Holland. Branches, leaves, and stipulas beset
with longish hairs.
Hairy Opercularia. PI. 1 foot. ?
7 O. HYSSOPIFOLIA (Juss. mem. mus. 4. p. 428. t. 71. f. 1.)
stem erect, rather angular, clothed with short down ; leaves
narrow-lanceolate, with somewhat ciliated margins ; stipulas
combined entire, acute ; heads of flowers rising from the forks
of the branches, on short peduncles, drooping a little, globose.
\l . G. Native of New Holland. Partial involucra about 5
in every head, each containing 2-4 flowers.
Hyssop-leaved Opercularia. Shrub 1 foot.
8 O. LIGUSTRIFOLIA (Juss. mem. mus. 4. p. 428. t. 71. f. 2.)
stem erectish, tetragonal, hairy from short down, but glabrous
between the nodi ; stipulas combined at the base on both sides,
acutely 2-lobed ; heads of flowers rising from the forks of the
brandies, on short peduncles, drooping. Tj . G. Native of New
Holland, about Port Jackson. The rest as in the preceding
species.
Privet-leaved Opercularia. Shrub 1 foot.
9 O. PALEA'TA (Young, in Lin. trans. 3. p. 30. t. 5.) gla-
brous ; stems herbaceous, tetragonal, erect ; leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, acute ; stipulas combined on both sides, acutely 2-
lobed ; heads of flowers pedicellate, drooping when in flower,
rising from the forks of the branches, globose, involucrated. ^ .
G. Native of New Holland. Juss. ann. mus. 4. p. 428.
Cryptospermum Youngii, Pers. ench. 1. p. 122. Partial invo-
lucra almost 20 in every head, each containing 5-6 flowers. Co-
rolla 4-cleft, pale green. Stamens 4. Universal involucrum
6-parted, composed of 2 leaves and 4 stipulas. Peduncles some-
times the length of the heads, and sometimes 3 times that length.
Anthers whitish.
Chaffy Opercularia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 793. Shrub 4 feet.
10 O. OCYMIFOLIA (Juss. ann. muss. 4. p. 428. t. 71. f. 3.)
glabrous ; stems diffuse, tetragonal, furrowed ; leaves ovate-ob-
long, petiolate ; stipulas combined in one on both sides ; heads
of flowers rising from the forks of the branches, on short pedun-
cles, drooping, globose, naked. 7JL. G. Native of New Hol-
land. Heads larger than peas, with 7-9 partial involucra in
every head, each containing 4-6 flowers. Corolla 3-4-cleft.
Stamens 2-3, ex Juss.
Basil-leaved Opercularia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI.
1 foot.
1 1 O. RUBIOIDES (Juss. ann. mus. 4. p. 428.) stems tetragonal,
ascending, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, with revolute margins ;
margins and middle nerve scabrous beneath ; stipulas combined
on both sides, entire or bidentate ; heads on short peduncles,
rising from the forks of the branches, drooping, globose, naked.
fj . G. Native of New Holland, on the Eastern Coast.
Heads of flowers larger than peas. Partial involucra 5-7 in
every head, each containing 5-6 flowers. Corolla 3-4-cleft.
Stamens 3-4.
Madder-like Opercularia. PI. 1 ^ foot.
•f- Doubtful species.
12 O. A'SPERA (Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 112. t. 24.) leaves oblong,
scabrous, veiny ; heads of flowers pedunculate, axillary. — Native
of New Zealand, ex Solander. O. aspera, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
385. Probably the same as 0. hispida.
Rough Opercularia. PI. 1 foot.
13 O. DIPHY'LLA (Gaertn. 1. c. p. 113.) stem and leaves un-
known ; heads of flowers rising from the forks of the branches ;
partial involucra hispid, many in every head, each containing 3-4
flowers ; flowers tetrandrous.- — Native of New Zealand. Juss.
ann. mus. 4. p. 428. Rubioides diphylla, Soland. mss. The
rest unknown.
Two-leaved Opercularia. PI. 1 foot ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Pomax, p. 662.
CCXXI. LIPO'STOMA (from Xeiirw, leipo, to fall from, and
arofia, sloma, a mouth ; lid from capsule). D. Don, in edinb.
new phil. journ. Jan. 1830. Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. with a figure.
LIN. SYST. Tetr&ndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx 4-parted.
Corolla tubular at the base, and ventricose at the throat, and
bearded inside, with a 4-lobed limb ; lobes ovate, spreading,
valvate in aestivation. Stamens 4, inserted in the throat, ex-
serted ; filaments compressed ; anthers linear, versatile. Style
capillary ; stigmas 2, subulate, hispid. Capsule globose, 2-
celled, opercular, many seeded, but often 1 -celled from the
middle dissepiment having vanished. Placentas 2, spherical,
stipitate, inserted beneath the middle of the dissepiment. Seed
small, angular, scabrous. Embryo slender, with oblong plano-
convex cotyledons, and a cylindrical obtuse radicle, which is a
little longer than the cotyledons. — Diffuse trailing pilose herbs,
natives of Brazil. Leaves opposite, petiolate. Stipulas subu-
late, interpetiolar. Flowers sessile, capitate, intermixed with
bracteas. Heads of flowers pedunculate, solitary, axillary.
Corollas blue.
1 L. CAPITA'TA (D. Don, 1. c.) plant hairy ; leaves roundish,
undulated, green, spreading. I/ . S. Native of Brazil. ^Egi-
netia capitata, Graham, in edinb. new phil. journ. April, 1828.
p. 389. Hedyotis campanuliflora, Hook. bot. mag. t. 2840.
Corollas rather large, fine blue, with a yellow throat, pilose
outside.
Capitate-flowered Lipostoma. PI. trailing.
2 L. SERI'CEUM (D. Don, 1. c.) plant hairy ; hairs adpressed ;
leaves ovate, acute, when young silky. I/ . S. Native of Bra-
zil, in pastures. The whole plant is clothed with silky adpressed
hairs. Heads of flowers smaller than the preceding. Corolla
1
C64 RUBIACEjE. CCXXIt. PSILOBJUM. CCXXIII. PLATYMERIUM. CCXXIV. STIPULARIA. CCXXV. BENZONIA, &c.
blue, hairy. Seeds triquetrous, dark brown, beset with elevated
dots.
Silky Lipostoma. PI. trailing.
Cult, For culture and propagation see Richardsonia, p. 628.
•f Genera of Rubiacece not so sufficiently known as to be
placed in any particular situation in the body of the order.
CCXXII. PSILO'BIUM (from ^tXoc, psilos, slender, and \o-
/3oc, lobos, a pod; in reference to the silique-formed fruit).
Jack, in mal. misc. vol. 2. ex Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 320. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 618.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx spread-
ing, 5-parted. Corolla with a short tube, and a 5-parted limb.
Stamens 5, fixed to the base of the corolla. Stigma clavate,
10-winged, exserted. Fruit cylindrical, silique-formed, crowned
by the° permanent calyx, 2-celled, many-seeded. Seeds dis-
posed in a double series along the axis in each cell. — Indian
shrubs. Stems bluntly tetragonal. Leaves opposite, petiolate,
lanceolate. Stipulas broad, keeled. Flowers axillary, brac-
tcate. .(Estivation valvate. It is not said whether the fruit is
dehiscent or indehiscent.
1 P. NUBIANS (Jack, 1. c.) smooth ; peduncles drooping, 3-6-
flowered. fj . S. Native of Sumatra, in the interior of the
island.
Drooping-pedundeA Psilobium. Shrub.
2 P. TOMENTOSUM (Jack. 1. c.) tomentose ; flowers almost
sessile in the axils of the leaves. Jj . S. -Native of the East
Indies, at Katoun. Fruit said to be baccate.
Tomentose Psilobium. Shrub.
Cult. See Psychotria, p. 599. for culture and propagation.
CCXXIII. PLATYME'RIUM (from 7r\a™£, platys, broad, -
and ficpic, meris, a part ; probably from the parts of the flowers
being broad). Bartl. in herb. Hsenke. D. C. prod. 4. p. 619.
LIN. SYST. Telra-Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a short
tube, and a rotate 5-parted, rarely 4-parted limb ; lobes flat,
obtuse. Corolla coriaceous, funnel-shaped, with a short tube,
which is wcolly inside, and a 5-parted, rarely 4-parted limb ;
segments of the limb twisted to the right in aestivation. Anthers
linear, sessile within the tube of the corolla. Style clavate,
spirally 10-ribbed. Ovarium 2-celled, covered by an epigy-
nous disk. Fruit unknown.- — A shrub, with slender terete
branches. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, lanceolate, acuminated,
downy beneath and on the branches, on short petioles. Flowers
numerous, glomerate, on short pedicels, axillary. Calyxes to-
mentose.— This genus is nearly allied to Psilobium, but is dis-
tinguished from it in the aestivation of the corolla, and in the fruit
not being silique-formed.
1 P. GLOMERA'TUM (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 619.) ?7 . S. Native of the island of Luzon, one of the
Philippines. Leaves 3| inches long and 1 broad. Flowers small.
Cr/owmzte-flowered Platymerium. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Psychotria, p. 599.
CCXXIV. STIPULA'RIA (so named on account of the large
stipulas). Beauv. fl. d'ow. 2. t. 76. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 406.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 619.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, tubular,
with a 5-toothed border. Corolla tubular, slender. Stamens 5 ?
Style and fruit unknown. — Stems quadrangular. Leaves oppo-
site, petiolate, ovate, acute at the apex, acuminated at the base,
yellowish beneath, soft to the touch. Stipulas large, interpe-
tiolar, broadly ovate, acute, glabrous. Heads of flowers almost
sessile, surrounded by large 5-toothed calyciform villous invo-
lucra. The place which this genus should occupy in the order
is very doubtful.
1 S. AFRICA'NA (Beauv. fl. d'ow. 2. p. 26. t. 75.) Native of
the west coast of Africa, in deserts about the river Galbar : we
have also seen it in the neighbourhood of the Gaboon river.
Flowers pale yellow.
African Stipularia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Psychotria, p. 599.
CCXXV. BENZO'NIA (named in compliment to the cele-
brated African traveller Benzoni, who died at Benin, the habi-
tat of the present plant). Sehum. pi. guin. p. 113. D. C. prod.
4. p. 620.
LIN. SYST. Telrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a globose
tube, and a small 5-toothed limb ; teeth erect. Corolla tubular,
coriaceous, 5-cleft; segments concave, cup-shaped. Anthers
triquetrous, sessile in the throat. Style filiform ; stigma ovate-
globose, acuti.sh, marked by 6-7 longitudinal furrows. Fruit
unknown. — A shrub, native of Guinea. Branches terete, beset
with pili above, and with papillae below. Leaves opposite, ovate-
oblong, acuminated, glabrous, on short hairy petioles. Stipulas
interpetiolar, lanceolate, glabrous. Peduncles axillary, dichoto-
mous, corymbose, and are as well as the bifid pedicels hairy.
1 B. CORKMBOSA (Schum. pi. guin. p. 113.) (j . S. Native of
Guinea, in various parts.
Corymbose-fiowereA Benzonia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
Cult. See Psychotria, p. 599. for culture and propagation.
CCXXVI. HIMATA'NTHUS (from I/uanov, himation, a gar-
ment, and avdoc, anthos, a flower ; the flowers are involucrated
by a large bractea before expansion). Willd. rel. ex Roem. et
Schuhesi syst. 5. p. 13. D. C. prod. 4. p. 621.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx adnate to
the ovarium, turbinate ; limb loose, permanent, 5-parted ; seg-
ments ovate, acuminated, 2 of them one-half smaller than the
other three. Corolla funnel-shaped, having the tube much
longer than the calyx, dilated a little at the apex ; and the limb
5-cleft, with oblong segments. Stamens 5, capillary, very short,
inserted in the base of the tube. Anthers linear, erect, shorter
than the tube of the corolla. Style truncately clavate ; stigma
subulate. Ovarium 2-celled, 2-seeded. — A tree. Leaves ellip-
tic-lanceolate, petiolate, quite entire, glabrous. Flowers spicate,
sessile, involucrated by a large deciduous bractea each before
expansion. — This tree belongs probably to Rubiacece, but the
stipulas and situation of the leaves, seeds, &c. are unknown.
1 H. RI'GIDA (Hoffm. ex Willd. 1. c.). \ . S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Para, where it is called Sucuba by the
natives.
•S^j^THimatanthus. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Psychotria, p. 599.
CCXXVII. SICKI'NGIA (evidently named after some per-
son of the name of Sicking, of whom we know nothing). Willd.
in nov. act. nat. cur. berol. 3. p. 445. and in Schrad. bot. journ.
1800. pt. 2. p. 291. B.C. prod. 4.j>. 621.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, 5-
toothed. Corolla campanulate, 5-toothed: teeth oblong. Fila-
ments 5, inserted in the middle of the corolline tube. Anthers
linear, exserted. Stigma 1. Capsule woody, 2-valved. Seeds
winged. — Trees, natives of Caraccas. Leaves opposite. Flowers
terminal, trichotomous, panicled, sweet-scented. This is a very
doubtful genus from the description given by Willdenow ; but
according to Richard it is related to Cinchonacece, in conse-
quence of the winged seeds ; but the stipulas are not mentioned,
and the leaves are said to be deeply and remotely toothed ; and
therefore it ought probably to be excluded from Rubiacece.
1 S. ERYTHRO'XYLON (Willd. 1. c.) leaves oblong-rhomboid,
RUBIACE^E. CCXXVIII. CALYSPHYRUM. VALERIANEjE.
665
toothed at the apex, downy beneath. Tj . S. Native of moun-
tain woods, about Caraccas.
Red-mooded Sickingia. Tree or shrub.
2 S. LONGIFOLIA (Willd. 1. c.) leaves oblong-ovate, quite
entire, glabrous, fj . S. Native along with the preceding.
Long-leaved Sickingia. Tree.
Cult. See Psychotria, p. 599. for culture and propagation.
CCXXVIII. CALYSPHY'RUM (from icaXv£, kalyx, a calyx,
and <r<j>vpov, sphyron, a little hammer ; the calyx is like a pedun-
cle). Bunge, in mem. acad. mss. Petersb. 2. p. 107.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx linear-
pentagonal, adnate to the ovarium, 10-striped ; limb subcam-
panulate, profoundly 5-lobed ; segments lanceolate, equal, acute,
erect, deciduous. Corolla superior, funnel-shaped, about equal
in length to the calycine segments ; throat wide, glabrous ; limb
ample, spreading, 5-parted ; segments roundish, imbricate in
aestivation : the fifth one a little smaller than the rest. Stamens
5, inserted in the bottom of the tube of the corolla, and alternat-
ing with its segments. Anthers linear-oblong, 2-celled, dehis-
cing at each side by a longitudinal chink. Ovarium inclosed in
the tube of the calyx, 2-celled, many-ovulate. Style filiform,
exserted ; stigma peltate. Capsule 2-celled ; cells many-seeded.
Seeds disposed in 2 rows in each cell, inserted in the dissepi-
ment, imbricated, compressed. — Perhaps the genus is more
nearly allied to Lobeliticece than to Rubiacece.
I C. FLO'RIDUM (Bunge, 1. c.) leaves opposite, almost sessile,
oblong, acuminated, toothed ; flowers 2-4, sessile, terminating
the branches ; corollas grumose. I? . G. Native of China, in
gardens. Flowers size and form of those of Rhododendron Dau-
ricum.
Flmvery Calysphyrum. Shrub.
Cult, See Pomax, p. 662. for culture and propagation.
I 1 Genera referred to Rubiacece by authors, but do not belong
to the order.
Bellonia, Lin. belongs to Solanece ; and Gcertnera, Lam.,
Usteria, Willd., Pagamia, Aubl. belongs to Logdnece.
ORDER CXXXI. VALERIA'NE^E (this order contains plants
agreeing with Valeriana in important characters). D. C. fl. fr. 4.
p. 237. propr. med. ed. 2. p. 175. coll. mem. vii. t. 5. Dufres.
diss. val. 4to. 1811. Kunth in Desv. journ. 1814. vol. 2. p. 171.
et nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 322. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4.
p. 129. D. C. prod. 4. p. 423. — Genera of Dipsacese, Juss. —
Valeriana, Lin. gen. no. 44.
Tube of calyx adnate to the ovarium ; limb variable in the
different genera, sometimes toothed or parted, sometimes going
away in pappus, which is at first involute, and at length ex-
panded. Corolla tubularly funnel-shaped, usually 5-lobed,
rarely 3-4-lobed ; lobes obtuse ; tube equal or gibbous, or
spurred at the base. Stamens adnate to the tube of the corolla,
but free at the apex, alternating with its lobes when they are
equal in number, but varying in number in the different ge-
nera from 1 to 5. Anthers ovate, 2-celled. Style filiform ;
stigmas 2-3, free, or combined in one. Fruit membranous or
subnucumentaceous, indehiscent, crowned by the limb of the
calyx in the younger state ; sometimes 3-celled, in this case 2 of
the cells are vacant ; sometimes only 1 -celled. Seed in the fer-
tile cell or solitary fruit, pendulous, exalbuminous. Embryo
straight, with a superior radicle, and 2 flat cotyledons Annual
VOL. III.
or perennial herbs, very rarely woody at the base. Roots of
the perennial species thickish, intensely sweet-scented ; of the
annual species slender, white, and inodorous. Leaves oppo-
site, exstipulate, different in diverse species, and in the same
plant. In the latter case the lower ones are usually entire, and
the superior ones are laciniated. Flowers disposed in cymose
corymbs, usually hermaphrodite, very rarely dioecious by abor-
tion, usually furnished with from 1-3 bracteas, white, rose-co-
loured or bluish, but in the genus Nardoslachys they are purple,
and in Patrinia yellow.
The plants contained in this order are more interesting for
the sake of their symmetry and neatness than on account of any
particular attractions ; they may be considered a connecting
link between Rubiacece and Dipsacece. Most of them are
pretty. The Valerianellas are useful esculents, known under
the name of corn salads ; Centranthus ruber is also eaten in
the same way in Sicily. Their medicinal properties are of
a decisive character. The roots of Valeriana qfficinalis, Phu,
Celtica, and others are bitter, tonic, aromatic, antispasmodic,
and vermifugal ; they are occasionally used as febrifuges.
The odour of valerian is not generally agreeable, but eastern
nations procure from the mountains of Austria the roots of
Valeriana Celtica, with which they perfume their baths; and
the natives of India at this day employ the Nardostachys, the
spikenard of old times, as a perfume, and against hysterics and
epilepsy.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 PATRI'NIA. Limb of calyx slightly 5-toothed. Corolla re-
gular, bluntly 5-lobed. Stamens 4, rarely 5. Stigma capitate,
trigonal. Capsule 3-celled.
2 NARDO'STACHYS. Limb of calyx 5-parted : lobes slightly
denticulated. Corolla regular, bluntly 5-lobed, with a bearded
throat. Stamens 4. Stigma capitate. Capsule 3-celled.
3 DUFRE'SNIA. Limb of calyx 3-parted ; lobes serrated.
Corolla obconical, 5-lobed. Stamens 3. Fruit membranous, in-
dehiscent, very villous, 3-celled.
4 VALERIANE'LLA. Limb of calyx toothed. Corolla regu-
lar, 5-lobed. Stamens 3. Stigma almost undivided or trifid.
Fruit 3-celled, rather membranous, indehiscent, sometimes with
2 of the cells fertile.
5. ASTRE'PHIA. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-
shaped, 5-lobed, gibbous on one side at the base. Stamens 3.
Style trifid at the apex. Fruit 2-celled.
6 FE'DIA. Limb of calyx with 4 unequal subulate lobes (f.
113. c.). Corolla filiform, with an unequally 5-lobed subrin-
gent limb (f. US./.). Stamens 2 (f. 113. //.). Stigma bifid
(f. 113. g.). Fruit spongy (f. 113. 6.), indehiscent, S-celled.
7 PLECTRITIS. Limb of calyx entire. Corolla gibbous at the
base in front from a short spur, with a 5-lobed bilabiate limb.
Stamens 3. Capsule cartilaginous, 1 -celled, 2-winged.
8 CENTRA'NTHUS. Limb of calyx involute at the time of
flowering (f. 114. 6.), but afterwards evolute and deciduous, of
many-feathered bristles (f. 114. A.). Corolla with a narrow
tube, which is spurred at the base (f. 114. c.), and a regular 5-
4Q"
066
VALERIANEjE. I. PATRINIA. II. NARDOSTACHYS.
lobed limb (f. 114. d.). Stamen 1 (f. 114. e.}. Fruit ihdehis-
cent, 1 -celled and 1 -seeded at maturity.
9 VALERIA'NA. Limb of calyx the same as in Centranthus.
Corolla with an obconical or cylindrical tube (f. 115. b.), which
is equal or gibbous at the base, and a bluntly 5-cleft limb (f.
1 15. b.), rarely only 3-cleft. Stamens 3 (f. 115. i.). Fruit in-
dehiscent, 1 -celled, and 1 -seeded at maturity.
10 BE'TCKEA. Limb of calyx 1-toothed, deciduous. Corolla
funnel-shaped, 5-lobed. Stamens 3. Fruit 1 -celled, trique-
trous, naked at the apex.
11 TRIPLOSTE'GIA. Flower having 3 covers, viz. a double
involucrum and the calyx. Limb of calyx 4-tootlied. Corolla
regular funnel-shaped, 5-cleft. Stamens 3. Stigma capitate.
Fruit 1 -seeded, rostrate, covered by the involucra.
I. PATRI'NIA (so named by Jussieu after M. Patrin, a
traveller and collector of plants in Siberia.) Juss. ann. mus. 10.
p. 311. Dufr. val. p. 53. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 2.
Link, enum. 1. p. 131. D. C. prod. 4. p. 623.— Mouffeta,
Neck. elem. no. 210. — Gytonanthus, Rafin. ann. gen. sc. phys.
6. p. 88. — Fedia, Adans. fam. 2. p. 152. but not of others. —
Fedia species, Vahl.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogy'nia. Limb of calyx truncate
or erect, very short, somewhat 5-toothed. Corolla regular,
spurless, bluntly 5-lobed. Stamens 4, adnate to the bottom of
the tube of the corolla, rarely 5. Stigma trigonal-capitate.
Capsule 3-celled, crowned by the limb of the calyx, usually
having chaff-formed bracteas adhering to it at the base, with one
of the cells fertile, and 2 usually thick. — Perennial herbs.
Leaves for the most part pinnate- lobed. Flowers corymbose,
golden-yellow.
1 P. SIBI'RICA (Juss. 1. c.) stem beset with 2 rows of hairs;
leaves rather fleshy : primordial ones oblong, lanceolate or spa-
tulate, undivided and obtuse, entire, toothed, serrated, or pinna-
tifid towards the apex ; cauline leaves pinnate, with entire,
usually obtuse segments; fruit adnate to the paleae. $ . H. Na-
tive of Siberia, among subalpine rocks. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2325.
P. coronata, Fisch. in litt. Valeriana Sibirica, Lin. spec. p. 48.
but not of Willd. Valeriana Ruthenica, VVilld. spec. 1. p. 181.
Fedia Sibirica, Vahl, enum. 2. p. 122. Gaertn. 3. fr. t. 86. f. 3.
Valerianella lutea, Mcench. Valeriana Sibirica (3 humilis, Gmel.
sib. 3. p. 123. no. 3. — Amm. ruth. no. 25. t. 3. Radical leaves
spatulate, entire, toothed or serrated, but sometimes pinnatifid at
the apex ; cauline leaves pinnate. Fruit crowned by the 5-
toothed limb of the calyx. Flowers yellow. Root black, strong
scented.
Siberian Patrinia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1751. PI. 1 foot.
2 P. INTERMEDIA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 90.) stem
glabrous ; leaves pinnatifid, with uniform linear acute segments,
those of the lower leaves deeply toothed, and those of the
superior ones deeply pinnatifid ; fruit adnate to the bracteas. $ .
H. Native of Altaia, about Zmeof on hills; and of China.
Fedia intermedia, Horn. cat. hort. hafn. 1. p. 48. Pat. nudius-
cula, Fisch. in litt. Fedia rupestris var. Vahl, enum. 2. p. 23.
Valeriana Sibirica, Lin. spec. 1. p. 48. Valeriana rupestris,
Vahl. itin. 3. p. 318.— Gmel. sib. 3. p. 123. t. 24. Flowers
yellow.
Intermediate Patrinia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to
2 feet.
3 P. RUPE'STRIS (Juss. 1. c. Dufr. 1. c.-) stem srnoothish or
rather downy ; leaves membranous, pinnatifid, with lanceolate
segments : terminal segment large ; corymbs subumbellate ;
fruit adnate to the paleae. $ . H. Native of Siberia, Vale-
riana rupestris, Pal), itin. 3. p. 215. Valeriana Sibirica, Willd.
spec. 1. p. 181. Sims, bot. mag. t. 714. but not of Lin. Fedia
rupestris, Vahl, enum. 2. p. 2.2. — Gmel. sib. 3. p. 123. t. 24.
Flowers yellow, fragrant, smaller than those of P. Sibirica.
Rock Patrinia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1801. PI. 1 foot.
4 P. HETEROPHY'LLA (Bunge, in mem. acad. imp. petersb. 2.
p. 109.) stem leafy, downy; lower leaves pinnatifid, with dis-
tant ovate-oblong coarsely toothed lobes : the terminal lobe the
largest, sharply toothed or deeply lobed, acuminated ; superior
leaves quite entire or ternate, with oblong-linear elongated quite
entire lobes; flowers corymbose; achenia bracteate. 1£. H.
Native of the north of China, on the mountains. Nearly allied
to P. rupestris, but differs in the lobes of the leaves being
fewer, shorter, broader, and in being variously cut, and in the
upper leaves being of a different form.
Variable-leaved Patrinia. PI. 1 foot.
5 P. SCABIOSJEFOLIA (Link, enum. 1. p. 131.) stem glabrous;
radical leaves ovate or oblong, deeply serrated and lyrate ;
cauline leaves pinnatifid, with lanceolate-linear acute segments :
terminal segment very long ; corymbs loose, rather panicled ;
fruit triquetrous, naked. $ . H. Native of Dahuria. Sweet.
brit. fl. gard. t. 154. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1340. P. serratuli-
folia, Fisch. in litt. Fedia scabiosaefolia, Trev. act. bonn. 13.
p. 165. Flowers yellow. There is a variety of this plant
having the radical leaves rather pilose, and the rest glabrous.
Limb of calyx wanting or truncate.
Scabious-leaved Patrinia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 ft.
6 P. VILLO'SA (Juss. 1. c.) stem villous ; leaves villous : radical
ones petiolate, auriculate ; cauline ones sessile, toothed ; corymbs
panicled. $ . H. Native of Japan. Valeriana villosa, Thunb.
fl. jap. p. 32. t. 6. but not of Wall. Fedia villosa, Vahl, enum.
2. p. 10. Peduncles axillary and terminal. Bracteas linear.
Flowers yellow.
Villous Patrinia. PI. 1 foot.
7 P. CERATOPHY'LLA (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 290.) stem
glabrous ; leaves all rather fleshy, downy, petiolate : radical
ones linear-lanceolate, entire, pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, with
divaricate lobes ; cauline leaves profoundly pinnatifid, with linear
segments ; panicles elongated ; peduncles ternately verticillate.
•y.. H. Native of North-west America, common on low wet
soils between the Kettle Falls and Spokan ; and in the valleys on
the west side of the Rocky Mountains. Root thick, fusiform.
Stems simple. Peduncles opposite or 3-4 in a whorl. Pedicels
short, and flowers crowded. Flowers white. The roots during
the spring months are collected by the Indians, baked on heated
stones, and used as an article of winter and spring food. From
a bitter and seemingly pernicious substance, it is thus converted
into a soft and pulpy mass, which has a sweet taste, resembling
that of treacle, and is apparently not unwholesome.
Horn-leaved Patrinia. PI. 1 to 1-| foot.
Cult. The species of Patrinia grow well in any light soil,
and are easily increased by seeds.
II. NARDO'STACHYS (from vap^oe, nardos, a shrub, and
irra-^y e, stachys, a spike ; but is so named from the plant being
called spikenard). D. C. coll. mem. vii. t. 1-2. prod. 4. p. 624.
— Patrinia, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 159.
LIN. SYST. Tetr&ndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx 5-parted ;
lobes ovate-oblong, acute, foliaceous, somewhat denticulated,
permanent. Corolla' regular, spurless, bluntly 5-lobed, with a
bearded throat. Stamens 4, adnate to the bottom of the corolla.
Stigma capitate. Capsule 3-celled, crowned by the calycine
lobes, and shorter than them, but not adnate to the bracteas. —
Herbs, with the habit of Scorzonera humilis, having very sweet-
scented perennial roots, which are beset with erect fibres at the
neck. Leaves entire, oblong ; radical ones very long ; cauline ones
VALERIANE.3i. II. NARDOSTACHYS. HI. DUFRESNIA. IV. VALERIANELLA.
667
sessile, broadest at the base. Stems simple. Flowers disposed
in fascicled corymbs. Corollas purple.
1 N. JATAMA'NSI (D. C. coll. mem. vii. t. 1.) stem villous;
leaves downy : radical ones lanceolate-long : cauline leaves sub-
lanceolate ; fascicles of flowers opposite, pedunculate, and ter-
minal. 1£. F. Native of Nipaul, on the Himalaya mountains
and Gosaingsthan ; in Mandon and Chitor provinces ; in the pro-
vinces of Delhi, Bengal, and Decan. Valeriana Jatamansi,
Jones in asiat. res. 2. p. 405. and 4. p. 109. Roxb. in asiat. res.
p. 451. D. Don, in Lamb, cinch, p. 180. with a figure. Vale-
riana spica, Vahl, enum. 2. p. 13. Patrinia Jatamansi, D. Don,
prod. fl. nep. p. 159. Nardus Garc. ab. hort. arom. p. 133.
with a figure of the root. Nardus I'ndica. J. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 202.
Nardostachyon or Spica Nardi or Nardus Ganghus or Nardus
Syrlaca of the ancients, and Jatamangsi of the natives of India.
It had long been a desideratum among the moderns to know to
what order and genus the plant belonged, which produced the
spikenard of the ancients. We are indebted to that learned
orientalist, the late Sir William Jones, for having first pointed it
out satisfactorily, although he confounded it with another species
totally distinct, and from which he has taken his botanical de-
scription and figure. This mistake arose from his not having
received perfect specimens himself; but trusting wholly to the
account and drawing given him by a friend, who was entirely
unversed in botany, and who therefore could not be supposed to
distinguish accurately two plants of the same genus. The Jata-
mansi or Jatamangsi belongs to the genus Nardostachys, and
resembles in several respects the Celtic Nard, Valeriana Celtica.
The roots are simple, perpendicular, from 4 to 6 inches long, and
the upper half is very thickly covered with the remains of the
past leaves, resembling coarse hairs, and the smell resembles
those of Valeriana officinalis. This smell, which to many would
not perhaps prove grateful, has led some to doubt its being the
spikenard of the ancients. Dr. Francis Hamilton, in his account
of Nipaul, has expressed some doubts on the subject, but he
says, " As there can be no disputing about taste, I cannot take
upon myself to say how far the encomiums bestowed on the
spikenard are applicable to this valerian, and the native women
no doubt consider the smell very agreeable, because most of such
as can afford it use oil impregnated with this root for perfuming
their haic All I can say is, that if this root is the spikenard of
the Roman ladies, their lovers must have had a very different
taste from the youth of modern Europe. Notwithstanding the
objections that might be raised against the Jatamansi, on the
ground -that the perfume produced by its roots would not prove
perhaps so grateful to our modern ladies, yet to the ladies of
ancient Rome it might have been highly grateful, as it is to those
of Nipaul at the present day. The late Sir VVilliam Jones, in
two learned dissertations published in the second and fourth
volumes of the Transactions of the Asiatic Society, has, indeed,
so fully demonstrated by so many proofs that the Nardostachys
is identical with the spikenard of the ancients, and this opinion
is supported by so many concurring circumstances, that there
can, I think, be no doubt now left on the subject. The Vale-
riana Hardwickii, with which Sir W. Jones confounded it, has
short fleshy roots, sending out numerous cylindrical fibres, the
radical leaves cordate, and those of the stem pinnate and ternate.
The flowers panicled, and in other respects it differs widely."
Jatamansi or Spikenard. PI. -j foot.
2 N. GRANDIFLORA (D. C. coll. mem. vii. t. 2.) stem quite
glabrous ; leaves oblong, glabrous : cauline ones ovate or cor-
date ; heads of flowers solitary, terminal. }/ . F. Native of
Nipaul, at Katnaon. Fedia grandiflora, Wall. mss. Bracteas
3-nerved, membranous, oval, longer than the capsule. Capsule
downy ; lobes of calyx evidently denticulated.
Great-florrered Spikenard. PL ^ foot.
Cult. See Triploslegia, p. 680. for culture and propagation.
III. DUFRE'SNIA (named after Peter Dufresne, M.D.,
author of Histoire Naturelle et Medicale de La Famille des
Valerianees, 4to, Montpelier, 1811.). D. C. coll. mem. vii. t. 3.
prod. 4. p. 624.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx 3-parted:
lobes ovate, acute, rather unequal, permanent, reticulated, and
serrated. Corolla with an obconical tube, and a 5-lobed limb :
lobes roundish. Stamens 3. Style unknown. Fruit membra-
nous, indehiscent, very villous outside, crowned by the lobes of
the calyx, 3-celled inside, one of the cells fertile and flattened, and
the other 2 cylindrical and sterile. — A small glabrous herb. Stem
suffruticose at the base, nearly simple. Leaves opposite, oblong,
obtuse, quite entire. Cymes crowded, subcapitate. Bracteas
oblong, spreading, serrated. Flowers small, rose-coloured in
the dry state, and probably monoecious from abortion.
1 D. ORIENTA'LIS (D. C. coll. mem. vii. t. 3.) I/ ? F. Native
of the Levant, between Mosul and Bagdad, where it was col-
lected by Olivier and Bruguiere.
Oriental Duffesnia. PI. ^ foot.
Cult. This plant should be grown in a pot in a mixture of
peat, loam, and sand ; and placed among other alpine plants ; it
can only be increased by seeds.
IV. VALERIANE'LLA (a dim. of Valeriana, which see).
Mcench. meth. p. 486. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 240. coll. mem. vii. t.
3. Dufr. val. p. 56. Link, enum. 1. p. 63. Betck. anim. 4to,
Rost. 1826. D. C. prod. 4. p. 625. — Valerianella species, Tourn.
• — Valeriana locusta, Lin. — F&dia species, Gaertn. Vahl. Stev.
Bieb. Rchb. but not of Adans. nor Mcench. — Polipremum, Adans.
fam. 2. p. 152. but not of Lin. — Odontocarpa, Neck. elem. 1.
p. 123.
LIN. SYST. Tri6ndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx toothed,
permanent. Corolla spurless, regular, 5-lobed. Stamens 3.
Stigma nearly undivided or trifid. Fruit 3-celled, rather mem-
branous, indehiscent, crowned by the toothed or accrete limb of
the calyx. — Annual herbs. Stems dichotomous at the tops.
Leaves oblong or linear, undivided, or toothed at the base, or
the superior ones are pinnatifid. Flowers solitary in the forks,
or in fascicled corymbs, bracteate, small, white, rarely rose-
coloured.
§ 1. Locusta (from locusta, a locust; so named from some
semblance in the branches). D. C. prod. 4. p. 624. Mature
fruit 2 or 3-celled; one of the cells alone fertile, and gibbous on
the back ; the two sterile ones equal or broader than the fertile one,
sometimes distinct, and sometimes coadunate,from the dissepiment
having vanished.
* Mature fruit 2-celled.
1 V. OLITO'RIA (Mcench. meth. p. 493.) fruit globose, com-
pressed, inflated, glabrous, oblique, 2-lobed ; limb of calyx
almost wanting, or with 1-3 very short teeth; fruit having the
2 sterile cells combined, from the dissepiment being incom-
plete ; flowers subcapitate ; bracteas spreading, oblong-linear,
ciliately-serrated ; leaves linear-tongue-shaped, almost entire,
blunt ; angles of stem scabrous. Q. H. Native of Europe,
in corn-fields and light cultivated grounds ; plentiful in Britain ;
and is cultivated in gardens as a salad. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3330.
coll. mem. t. 3. f. 2. Dufr. val. 56. t. 3. f. 8. Valeriana
locusta, Willd. spec. 1. p. 182. Fedia olitoria, Vahl, enum. 2.
p. 19. but not of Gsertn, Fedia locusta, Rchb. pi. cr. 1. t. 60.
Fedia striata, Stev. mem. mosc. 2. p. 173. Valeriana olitoria,
Willd. spec. 1. p. 182. Lactuca agnina, Ger. emac. t. 310. f.
1-2. — Riv. irr. t. 6. Valeriana locusta, Lin. spec. p. 47. a.
Smith, eng. bot. 12. t. 811. Curt. lond. fasc. 5. t. 4. Mart.
4 a 2
VALERIANEiE. IV. VALERIANELLA.
rust. t. 24. Flowers pale blue. There is a variety of this
species having the upper leaves toothed or jagged according
to Vahl. Lamb's lettuce is also called corn-salad; Acker-
salat in German, and Valerianella in Italian. It is a dimi-
nutive annual plant, common in corn-fields or sandy soils.
The leaves are of a pale glaucous hue, and rather succulent.
When cultivated it rises almost a foot high, and flowers in
March. Gerarde tells us that foreigners using it while in
England led to its being cultivated in our gardens. It is used
in salads through the winter and early in spring, both as a substi-
tute for common lettuce in those seasons, and to increase the
variety of small salads. For these purposes it has long been a
favourite plant in France under the denominations ofmache, dou-
cette, salade de chanolne, and poule grass. It is raised from
seed, of which a quarter of an ounce is sufficient for a bed 4 feet
by 5. To answer the common demand 2 or at most 3 sowings
will be sufficient, viz. a principal sowing at the beginning or
towards the middle of August, a secondary sowing early in Sep-
tember, to furnish together crops in winter and early spring ;
and a smaller sowing in spring, at the close of February or in
the course of March, if the plants are required in continuation
throughout that season, though they are apt to get rank tasted
in warm dry weather. If wanted throughout summer, sow
once a month, and cut the crop quite young. Sow the seeds in
any bed of common mellow earth, broad cast, and rake in the
seed. When the plants are up, thin them to 2 or 3 inches
asunder, that they may have room to acquire some small stocky
growth for gathering. For seed leave some plants in spring.
Var. /3, lasiocdrpa (Rchb. 1. c. f. E.) fruit downy.
Salad Lamb's-lettuce. Fl. April, May. Britain. PI. \ to 1 ft.
2 V. RADIA'TA (Dufr. val. p. 57.) fruit oblong, rather tetra-
gonal, glabrous, smooth ; limb of calyx obliquely truncate,
almost wanting ; sterile cells of fruit combined in one, from the
dissepiment being incomplete, equal in size to the fertile one ;
bracteas linear-oblong, spreading, ciliated a little ; leaves ob-
long-spatulate, attenuated at the base, subdentate. Q. H. Na-
tive from Pennsylvania to Carolina, in corn-fields. Valeriana
radiata, Willd. spec. 1. p. 185. Fedia radiata, Michx. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 18. Bart. comp. 1. p. 20. Fruit downy, according
to Michx. but in the specimen it is obviously glabrous. Flowers
pink. Perhaps only a variety of V. olitoria. The young leaves
are used as a salad.
Rayed Lamb's-lettuce. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1821. PI. |
to 1 foot.
3V.? EXSCA'PA (Stev. mem. soc. mosc. 3. p. 251.) fruit 2-
celled, one of which is sterile, obovate, ribbed, glabrous, sessile
at the neck, and protruded at the apex, and 5-6-toothed : teeth
oblong, straight, thick : leaves ligulate, glabrous ; stem none.
(•)• H. Native of Caucasus, near Gandsha. Fedia exscapa,
Stev. mem. mosc. 5. p. 354. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 366.
Fedia acaulis, Bieb. suppl. p. 35. Flowers pink. The fruit is
said to be 2-celled, with both the cells fertile, but it is probably
like the other species, having only one of the cells fertile, and
the 2 sterile combined ones.
Sea/ eless Lamb's-lettuce. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. PI.
\ to ^ foot.
* * Mature fruit 3-celled.
4 V. TU'RGIDA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 626.) fruit nearly globose,
compressed on one side and concave- convex, almost awnless, gla-
brous ; fertile cell turgid, convex and cellular on the back, and
the 2 sterile cells about equal in size to the fertile one ; bracteas
oblong, spreading, ciliated ; flowers subcapitate ; leaves ob-
ovate : upper ones oblong-linear, quite entire. Q. H. Native
of Tauria, in corn-fields. Fedia turgida, Stev. mem, mosc. 2.
p. 1 78. but not of others. A very distinct species.
Turgid Lamb's-lettuce. PI. | to 1 foot.
5 V. GIBBOSA (D. C. coll. mem. t. 3. f. 3.) fruit globose,
somewhat compressed, glabrous, crownless, coarctate and flat on
one side, and gibbous on the other, and furnished with 2 stripes
on both sides ; fertile cell turgid, cellular, and furnished with a
furrow ; and the 2 sterile ones smaller, and furrowed on the
back ; bracteas linear-oblong, spreading, quite entire ; flowers
subcapitate ; leaves oblong-linear, entire. ©• H. Native of
Sicily, on the mountains in exposed places. Fedia gibbosa,
Guss. 1. p. 28. Herb smoothish, 2-3 inches high. Nearly
allied to V. turgida.
Gibbous- fruited Lamb's-lettuce. PI. -j foot.
6 V. COSTA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 626.) fruit roundish, a little
compressed, glabrous, not crowned ; fertile cell turgidly cellular
and convex on the back, and the two sterile ones profoundly
furrowed on the back ; bracteas oblong, spreading, with glabrous
edges ; flowers subcapitate ; leaves linear-oblong, quite entire.
O- H. Native of the south of Tauria, in vineyards. Fedia
costata, Stev. mem mosc. 5. p. 344. Bieb. suppl. p. 28. Herb
1-2 inches long, simple, slender, smoothish. Fruit nearly allied
to V. turgida and V. gibbosa, but much smaller.
Ribbed-fruited Lamb's-lettuce. PI. 1 to 2 inches.
§ 2. Psilocce'lce (from \JJI\OQ, psilos, slender, and ratXoc, koi-
los, a hollow ; in reference to the oarrow sterile cells of the fruit).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 626. Fruit 3-celled, fiatlish in front; fertile
cell not cellularly turgid on the back ; and the 2 sterile ones fili-
form, and much narrower than the fertile one, usually close and
nerve-formed.
* Limb of calyx parted into recurved stiffish teeth.
7 V. UNCINA'TA (Dufr. val. p. 60.) fruit oblong, pyramidal,
rather downy while young, glabrous in the adult state ; sterile
cells 2, very narrow; limb of calyx tubular, 7-9-toothed; teeth
acute, stiff, recurved ; bracteas linear, spreading, glabrous ; cau-
line leaves pinnatifid ; radical leaves spatulate. Q. H. Native
of Tauria and Eastern Caucasus, in dry places of mountains ;
and at the Bosphorus. D'Urv. enum. no. 30. D. C. coll. mem.
t. 3. f. 4. Fedia uncinata, Stev. mem. mosc. 5. p. 352. Bieb.
fl. taur. 1. p. 26. Rchb. pi. crit. t. 69. Valeriana pubescens,
Hopp. hot. zeit. 1825. p. 359. ex Schultes. Flowers lilac.
Hooked-ca\yxed Lamb's-lettuce. Fl. May, June. JClt. 1822.
PI. | to 1 foot.
8 V. ECHINA'TA (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 242.) fruit oblong, some-
what tetragonal, trisulcate, glabrous; sterile cells of fruit very
narrow ; calyx with 3 conically subulate, stiff and recurved
teeth ; bracteas oblong, obtuse, glabrous, spreading ; leaves
entire .or toothed, and are as well as the stem glabrous. Q. H.
Native in the region of the Mediterranean, from Madrid to
Tauria, in corn-fields. Dufr. val. 61. t. 30. f. 10. Fedia echi-
nata, Vahl, enum. 2. p. 19. Stev. et Bieb. 1. c. Rchb. pi. crit.
p. 68. Valeriana echinata, Lin. spec. p. 47. — C. Bauh. pin.
p. 165. Garid. aix. t. 94. Col. ecphr. t. 206. — Moris, ox. sect.
7. t. 16. f. 28. Flowers pink.
Echinated- fruited Lamb's-lettuce. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 807.
PI. 1 foot.
9 V. CORNICULA'TA (Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 49.) fruit oblong,
with the 2 sterile cells filiform, and the fertile one convex on the
back ; crown of fruit tubular, tridentate : teeth elongated, linear,
usually denticulated, straight or hooked at the apex. ©. H.
Native of Caucasus, in corn-fields near Baku. Habit of plant
nearer to V. uncinata than to V. echinala.
Horned-fruited Lamb's-lettuce. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
* Limb of calyx erect, toothed or entire, never recurved.
10 V. ERIOCA'RPA (Desv. journ. hot. 2. p. 314. t. 11. f. 2.)
fruit ovate, obsoletely ribbed, hispid ; the 2 sterile cells of fruit
VALERIANEJ:. IV. VALERIANELLA.
069
yery narrow; limb of calyx obliquely truncate, campanulate,
6-toothed : teeth erect, the 3 front ones the shortest ; bracteas
adpressed, linear ; leaves oblong-linear, quite entire, or toothed
at the base. Q. H. Native of Europe, in corn-fields, from
Andegaveny and Spain to Tauria. Lois.- not. p. 49. t. 3. f. 2.
Dufr. val. p. 59. t. 3. no. 4. D. C. coll. mem. t. 3. f. 5. Fedia
eriocarpa and Fedia muricata, Roam, et Schultes. Fedia cam-
panulata, Presl. sic. p. 11. V. campanulata, Bir. man. 4. p. 18.
Fedia eriocarpa, Rchb. pi. crit. 1. t. 65. Guss. prod. 1. p. 26.
Fedia rugulosa, Stev. in litt. Mor. oxon. sect. 7. t. 16. f. 33.
Flowers lilac. There is a variety of this, having the fruit pilose
on the ribs, and glabrous at the base. Bracteas quite entire or
serrated. Sterile cells of capsule very narrow.
Var. ft, rugulosa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 627.) bracteas ovate-lan-
ceolate ; habit firmer. (•)• H. Native along with the species.
Fedia rugulosa, Spreng. pug. 2. p. 2.
Woolly-fruited Lamb's-lettuce. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1821.
PI. £ to 1 foot.
11 V. MIXTA (Dufr. val. p. 59. t. 3. no. 6.) fruit ovate, vil-
lous, having the 2 sterile cells very narrow ; limb of calyx ob-
lique, with 3 short teeth ; bracteas linear, adpressed ; leaves
oblong, quite entire. O- H. Native of France, Italy, Tauria,
in corn-fields. Fedia mixta, Vahl, enum. 2. p. 21. V. micro-
carpa, Lois. not. p. 151. Fedia minuta, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
144. ? Flowers pink. Sauvages's plant, cited by Vahl, belongs
to Centrdnthas Calcitrapa. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from
V. eriocarpa.
Mixed Lamb's-lettuce. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818. PI. \
to 1 foot.
12 V. MORISONII (D. C. prod. 4. p. 627. Rchb. icon. bot.
cent. 1. t. 63.) fruit ovate, rather conical, downy; limb of calyx
oblique, tridentate on one side, and furnished with 1-2 nearly
obsolete teeth on the other ; the 2 'sterile cells of fruit filiform,
much narrower than the fertile one ; bracteas subulate, erect,
cartilaginously ciliated ; flowers corymbose ; leaves linear-
tongue-shaped, quite entire or few-toothed at the base. (•)• H.
Native of Europe and Tauria, in corn-fields ; and of Caucasus,
on the Talusch mountains, near Perimbal ; found in corn-fields
in Cornwall, Essex, and on Harlton Hill, Cambridgeshire ;
and in Scotland, about Edinburgh. Fedia dasycarpa, Stev.
mem. soc. mosc. 5. p. 348. Fedia Morisdnii, Spreng. pug 5.
p. 6. Fedia dentata, Bieb. fl. taur. no. 70. Valeriana dentata,
Sow. engl. bot. t. 1370. Fedia dentata eriosperma, Wallr.
sched. Fedia dentata dasycarpa, Rchb. pi. crit. no. 127. t. 63.
— Mor. oxon. t. 16. f. 35. Fedia locusta olitoria, Oed. fl. dan.
t. 738. Flowers purple.
Var. ft, leiocdrpa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 627.) fruit glabrous.
O- H. Native along with the species. F. dentata, Stev. F.
Morisonii, Agardh. Fedia dentata, var. leiocarpa, Rchb. pi.
crit. t. 62. There are varieties of this, having the leaves 3 in a
whorl, and pinnatifid.
Morison's Lamb's-lettuce. Fl. April, June. Britain. PI. 1 ft.
13V. PUBE'RULA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 627.) fruit ovate, downy,
hardish, rather angular, not umbilicated ; limb of calyx very short,
oblique, 3-5-toothed; the 2 sterile cells of the fruit filiform, and
very narrow ; bracteas linear, erect, ciliately denticulated, with
membranous margins ; flowers corymbose ; leaves linear-oblong,
quite entire, or hardly unidentate at the base. 0. H. Native of
Sicily and Calabria, in corn-fields. Fedia puberula, Bertol. in
Guss. pi. rar. p. 14. prod. 1. p. 27. Fedia microcarpa, Rchb.
pi. crit. 2. t. 114.
Downy Lamb's-lettuce. PI. -j foot.
14 V. TRUNCA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 627.) fruit ovoid, downy,
convex on the back, and bicostate in front ; the 2 sterile cells of
fruit filiform, much narrower than the fertile one ; limb of calyx
ear-formed, obliquely truncate, quite entire, equal in length "to
the fruit ; bracteas linear, dilated and concave at the base, cili-
ately serrated ; flowers cymose ; leaves oblong, quite entire.
O- H. Native of Candia, at Canea or Cydonia, in corn-fields ;
also of the Island of Melos, and in Cazarand Theodosia. Fedia
truncata, Rchb. pi. crit. t. 115. Fedia dentata, Sieb. ex Rchb.
V. auricula, D'Urv. enum. 5. but not of D. C.
Truncate-calyxed Lamb's-lettuce. PI. ^ foot.
§ 3. PlatyccelcB (from irXarue, plains, broad, and urotXoc,
koilos, a hollow; in reference to the broad, hollow, sterile cells of
the fruit). D. C. prod. 4. p. 627. Fruit 3-celled, furrowed in
front ; fertile cell not cellularly gibbose on the back, and the two
sterile cells broader than the diameter of the fertile one, or nearly
equal to it ; the transverse section nearly orbicular.
* Limb of calyx entire or toothed, erect ; teeth not hooked at
the apex.
15 V. AURICULA (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 492. coll. mem. t. S.
f. 6.) fruit ovate, glabrous ; limb of calyx obliquely truncate,
almost quite entire, acutely auricle-formed ; the 2 sterile cells of
the fruit broader than the fertile one ; bracteas spreading, linear,
glabrous ; flowers disposed in dichotomous corymbs, rather
loose ; leaves oblong, quite entire, or toothed at the base. O •
H. Native of Europe, in fields, especially in the south. Fedia
auriculata, Gaud. fl. helv. 1. p. 84. t. 4. Rchb. pi. crit. t. 68.
Fedia olitoria, Gaertn. fr. 2. p. 86. Flowers pink. This spe-
cies is often confused with V. dentata, and numerous others.
There is a variety of it with pinnatifid leaves and villous fruit,
according to Rchb.
Far. ft, laxiflora (D. C. prod. 4. p. 626.) dwarf; leaves
obovate-oblong. O- H. V. laxiflora, Dufr. val. p. 58. t. 3.
Fedia laxiflora, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 360. Flowers
pink.
' Lamb's-lettuce. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1821.
PI. i foot.
16V. DENTA'TA (D. C. fl. fr. no. 3331.) fruit ovate, glabrous,
smoothish, chinky in front ; limb of calyx obliquely truncate,
auricle-formed, tridentate; the 2 sterile cells of the fruit broader
than the fertile one ; bracteas spreading, linear-lanceolate, gla-
brous, hardly ciliated ; flowers dichotomously corymbose, rather
loose; leaves oblong-linear, quite entire. O- H. Native of
Europe, in woods ; and of Caucasus, near Baku, in corn-fields.
Dufr. val. p. 57. t. 3. no. 5. Fedia dentata, Vahl, enum. 2. p.
20. exclusive of the syn. of Moris. Valeriana dentata, Willd.
spec. 1. p. 183.? V. rimosa, Bast, journ. bot. 1814. 1. p. 20.
Val. olitoria, Sturm, deutsch. fl. with a figure. Flowers blue.
This is an intermediate plant between V. auricula and V. pumila,
and probably not distinct from the former.
Toolhed-ca\yx.cd Lamb's-lettuce. PI. \ foot.
17V. PU'MILA (D. C. fl. fr. no. 3335.) fruit nearly globose,
inflated, glabrous, engraven in front, retuse at the apex ; limb
of calyx tridentate, short, unequal ; the 2 sterile cells of the
fruit broader than the fertile one ; bracteas spreading, lanceo-
late, with membranous villously-ciliated margins ; flowers co-
rymbose ; leaves oblong-linear, deeply toothed at the base. ©.
H. Native of the south of Europe and Tauria, in cultivated
sandy fields ; and of Caucasus, near Baku, in fields and on hills.
Valeriana pumila, Willd. spec. 1. p. 184. Fedia pumila, Vahl,
enum. 2. p. 21. Rchb. pi. crit. 2. t. 113. V. membranacea,
Lois. not. p. 130. V. tridentata, Link. enum. 1. p. 63. Fedia
tridentata, Stev. mem. soc. mosc. 2. p. 173. Bieb. fl. taur. suppl.
p. 29. Rchb. pi. crit. 1. t. 64. Flowers pink. There is a va-
riety of this, having the leaves somewhat pinnatifid.
Var. ft, lasiocdrpa (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 366.) fruit
villous. O- H. Native of Tauria and Caucasus. Fedia lasio-
carpa, Stev. mem. soc. mosc. 5. p. 59.
670
VALERIANEjE. IV. VALERIANELLA. V. ASTREPHIA.
Dwarf Lamb's-lettuce. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1826. PI. |
to 1 foot.
18 V. SPHJEROCA'RPA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 628.) fruit globose,
umbilicate on one side, and convex and bicostate on the other ;
limb of calyx tridentate, one of the teeth longer than the others ;
bracteas spreading, lanceolate, acute, with scarious serrately cili-
ated edges ; leaves linear-lanceolate, rather scabrous : uppermost
ones pinnatifid at the base ; stem smooth. 0. H. Native of
Sicily, in pastures on the mountains. Fetlia sphserocarpa, Guss.
prod. 1. p. 28. pi. rar. p. 14. t. 4. f. 1.
Round-fruited Lamb's-lettuce. PI. \ foot.
19 V. CYMBOCA'RPA (Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 49.) fruit nearly
linear, with the 2 sterile cells curved, and the fertile cell rounded
on the back, and nearly equal ; crown of fruit campanulate, 3
and sometimes 4-toothed : the lateral tooth elongated, linear,
and straight, the rest usually obsolete. Q. H. Native of
Caucasus, near Swant, in arid places.
Boat-fruited Lamb's-lettuce. PI. | foot.
20 V. TRIGONOCA'RPA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 628.) fruit trigonal,
glabrous, broadly excavated in front, almost without a crown,
with callous angles : the 2 sterile cells of the fruit larger than
the fertile one ; bracteas oblong-linear, glabrous, spreading ;
flowers capitate: leaves quite entire : lower ones ovate-oblong,
upper ones oblong, ciliated at the base. 0. H. Native about
Constantinople, where it was collected by Castagne.
Trigonal-fruited Lamb's-lettuce. PI. \ foot.
* * Teeth of calycine limb hooked at the apex.
21 V. HAMA'TA (Bast, in D. C. prod. 4. p. 628.) fruit ovoid,
villous outside, somewhat tetragonal, engraven in front : the 2
sterile cells about equal in breadth to the fertile one ; limb of
calyx spreading, broader than the fruit, quite glabrous inside,
and cleft into 6 lobes beyond the middle ; lobes awned, hooked
at the apex ; bracteas adpressed, oblong, ciliated ; flowers ra-
ther densely capitate ; upper leaves linear, entire or tripartite,
and are as \vell as the stem glabrous. 0. H. Native in the
region of the Mediterranean. D. C. coll. mem. t. 3. f. 7. V.
coronata, Guss. prod. 1. p. 25. V. coronata integrifolia, Rchb.
pi. crit. 1. p. 54. t. 66. f. 1. — Col. ecphr. t. 209. Fedia coro-
nata of many authors. Flowers pink.
Hooked Lamb's-lettuce. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? PI. | foot.
22 V. CORONAVTA(D. C. prod. 4. p. 628.) fruit ovoid, villous,
somewhat tetragonal, engraven in front : the 2 sterile cells about
equal in breadth to the fertile one ; limb of calyx cup-shaped,
broader than the fruit, hairy inside, cleft into 6 lobes beyond the
middle : lobes awned, hooked at the apex ; bracteas adpressed,
ciliated; flowers densely capitate; superior leaves pinnatifid,
and are as well as the stem downy. 0. H. Native of the re-
gion of the Mediterranean. . V. coronata, D. C. fl. fr. no. 3333.
Dufr. val. 60. t. 3. f. 2. Fedia Sicula, .Guss. prod. 1. p. 25.
Fedia coronata, Rchb.: pi. crit. t. 66. f. ft et y. Vahl, enum. 2.
p. 20. Flowers pink.
Var. ft, discoidea (D. C. prod. 4. p. 628.) limb of calyx irre-
gularly 7-1 2-lobed. ©. H. Native of the region of the Medi-
terranean. V. discoidea, var. Dufr. val. p. 59. t. 3. f. 3. D. C.
fl. fr. 5. p. 493. Fedia discoidea, Vahl, enum. 2. p. 21. Rchb.
pi. crit. t. 116.
Crowned Lamb's -lettuce. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1731. PI. \ ft.
* Limb of calyx inflated, closed by the inflexed calycine
teeth.
23 V. VEsic/RiA(Mcench.meth.p. 497.) fruit villous, crowned;
limb of calyx bladdery, inflated, 6-toothed ; teeth conniving,
acute ; the 2 sterile cells of fruit a little smaller than the fertile
one, or nearly equal in size to it ; bracteas adpressed, ovate,
ciliated, shorter than the fruit ; leaves entire or toothed ; stem
rather villous. ©. H. Native in the region of the Mediterra-
nean, in corn-fields. D. C. fl. fr. 4. no. 3332. coll. mem. t. 3.
f. 8. Dufr. val. p. 60. t. 3. f. 9. Fedia vesicaria, Vahl, enum.
2. p. 20. Rchb. pi. crit. 1. t. 70. Valeriana vesicaria, Willd.
Val. lociista, /3, vesicaria, Lin. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 34.
Flowers lilac.
Bladdery-ca\yxeA Lamb's-lettuce. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1739.
PI A to i foot.
§ 4. Solenocce'ltje (from <rw\)}v, solen, a tube, and /ooiXoc, koifos,
a hollow ; in reference to the sterile cells of the fruit). D. C,
prod. 4. p. 629. Fruit S-celled, broadly furrowed in front; the
fertile cell not cellularly gibbose on the back, and the 2 sterile
cells broader than the fertile one, and curved, and therefore the
transverse section is lunulate.
* Lobes of calyx hooked a little.
24 V. PLATY'LOBA (Dufr. val. 59. t. 3. f. 1.) fruit ovoid, vil-
lous outside, rather tetragonal, broadly furrowed in front, boat-
shaped ; limb of calyx spreading, broader than the fruit, rather
hairy inside, 6-lobed to the middle ; lobes ovate, each furnished
with a hooked mucrone ; bracteas adpressed, ciliated, oblong ;
flowers sub-capitate ; upper leaves toothed, and are as well as
the stem glabrous. 0. H. Native in the region of the Medi-
terranean. D. C. coll. mem. 3. f. 9. Fedia discoidea, Rchb.
pi. crit. 1. p. 54. t. 67. Fedia rotata, Rchb. 1. c. p. 93. Flowers
pink.
Broad-lobetl Lamb's-lettuce. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1825.
PI. i foot.
* * Limb of calyx erect.
25 V. CARINA'TA (Lois. not. p. 149.) fruit oblong, longi-
tudinally boat-shaped, or chinky on one side, and cari-
nated ; the 2 sterile cells compressed, curved, about equal in
size to the fertile cell ; fruit crowned by the unidentate erect
limb of the calyx ; flowers sub-capitate ; bracteas oblong,
spreading, serrately ciliated ; leaves oblong, almost obovate,
quite entire. 0. H. Native of France, Germany, Tauria,
Sicily, cS:c. in corn-fields. Dufr. val. p. 56. t. 2. D. C. fl. fr. suppl.
492. coll. mem. t. 3. f. 10. Fedia carinata, Stev. mem. soc. mosc.
5. p. 346. Rcem.etSchuhes, syst. 1. p. 361. Rchb. pi. crit. t. 61.
— Moris, oxon. sect. 7. t. 16. f. 31. Habit of V. olitbria. Stem
smooth, dichotomous. Flowers blue.
A>efe/-fruited Lamb's-lettuce. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1819.
PI. | to £ foot.
t Species not sufficiently known,
26 V. CHENOPODIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 629.) plant dicho-
tomous ; leaves ovate, acute, toothed below ; cymes naked, divari-
cate, dichotomous ; filaments long. ©. H. Native of Virginia.
F&dia chenopodifolia, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 727.
Goose-foot-leaved Lamb's-lettuce. PI.
Cult. The seeds of all the species only require to be sown in
the open ground in the early part of spring. All the species
answer very well for spring salad.
V. ASTRE'PHIA (from a, priv., and arpttfiw, strepho, to turn ;
the calyx is not turned back at the time of flowering, as in Va-
leriana). Dufr. val. p. 50. exclusive of many species. D. C.
coll. mem. vii. prod. 4. p. 629. — Hemesotria, Rafin. ann. gen.
sc. phys. 6. p. 88. — Valeriana species, Ruiz et Pav. Smith. —
Fedia species, Kunth.
LIN. SYST. Tridndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx very short,
somewhat 5-toothed or subcampanulate. Corolla funnel-shaped,
5-lobed,' gibbous on one side at the base, and therefore furnished
with a kind of spur. Stamens 3. Style 3-cleft at the apex ; stig-
mas slender. Froit 2-celled, one of the cells alone fertile ; and
the other is sterile, and marked by a furrow in the middle, and is
therefore probably formed of 2 cells, having the partition between
1
VALERIANE^E. V. ASTREPHIA. VI. FEDIA. VII. PLECTRIHS.
671
them obliterated. — Nearly glabrous herbs. Radical leaves
rhomboid, cut ; cauline ones impari-pinnate, with oval-oblong,
deeply toothed segments. Flowers disposed in panicles or co-
rymbs, white. — Habit of Valeridna, and the fruit almost of Va-
lerianella, but is easily distinguished from both these genera in
the corolla being gibbosely spurred on one side at the base, and
in the style being 3-cleft.
1 A. CHjEROPHYLLolnES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 629.) stem rather
hairy at the nodi ; leaves glabrous : radical ones entire : cau-
line ones pinnate, with sharply jagged segments ; corymbs few-
flowered ; corolla with a short spur ; limb of calyx very short,
5-toothed. O- H. Native of Peru, in forests on the hills at
Lima and Chancay. Val. chaerophylloides, Smith, icon. ined. 3.
t. 53. Valeriana laciniata, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 49. t. 69.
f. a. Val. chaerophylla, Pers. ench. 1. p. 37. Astr. laciniata,
Dufr. 1. c. Fedia chaerophylloides, Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 334. Boerhaavia chserophylloides, Willd. spec. 1. p. 22.
Herb hardly a hand high. Flowers white.
Chervil-like Astrephia. PI. % to ^ foot.
2 A. CRISPA (Dufr. val. p. 51.) stem glabrous, as also at the
nodi ; panicle elongated, with dichotomous branches, floriferous
in the axils of the forks ; corolla gibbose at the base ; limb of
calyx sub-campanulate, almost entire, y. . H. Native of Chili,
among bushes,- and in meadows and corn-fields. Valeriana
crispa, Ruiz et Pav. 1. p. 41. Herb 2 feet high. Flowers white.
Curled Astrephia. PI. 2 feet.
3 A. LA'XA (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 364.) plant
herbaceous, glabrous ; radical leaves ovate-cordate, bluntly
toothed; cauline leaves lyrately pinnatifid, terminal lobe the
largest ; panicle loose, divaricate ; ultimate pedicels short,
crowded ; fruit ovate, excavated on one side, 3-ribbed on the
back, and crowned by an annular ring. — Native of Chili, about
Conception. Fedia laxa, Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot.
p. 28. This species approaches near to Fedia paniculala, but
that plant is pubescent, and has a pappose fruit.
Zoose-flowered Astrephia. PI. 1 foot.
4 A. LOBAVTA (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 364.) leaves
pinnate-lobed ; lobes distant, coarsely toothed : terminal lobe
broadly ovate, lateral ones oblong, much smaller ; lower teeth
looking downwards, upper ones upwards ; rachis glabrous ; co-
rymbs pedunculate, opposite, distant, disposed in a panicle ; fruit
glabrous. — Native of Chili.
Var. a ; stem beset with long hairs. The stem below the last
pair of opposite cauline leaves is hairy, above them it is glabrous.
Var. /8 ; stem glabrous. — Native of Chili, about Valparaiso.
Zo6erf-leaved Astrephia. PI.
Cult. A. chcerophylloldes should be treated like other tender
annuals ; the rest should be protected in winter by placing
them in a frame or green-house. All are only to be increased
by seeds.
VI. FE'DIA (derived from fedus, an ancient word, synony-
mous with hcedus, a kid), Mcench. meth. p. 486. D. C. fl. fr. 4.
p. 239. Juss. ann. mus. 10. p. 311. Dufr. val. p. 54. D. C. prod.
4. p. 630. but not of Adanson. — F6dia species, Gaertn. et Vahi.
— Polypremum species, Adans. — Mitrophora, Neck. elem. 1.
p. 123.
LIN. SYST. Didndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx short and
straight; lobes 4, subulate, unequal (f. 113. c.). Corolla with
a filiform spurred tube (f. 113. a.), and an unequally 5-lobed
subringent limb (f. 113. /.). Stamens 2 (f. 113. /j.). Stigma
bifid (f. 113. g.). Fruit indehiscent (f. 113. 6.), rather
spongy, 3-celled ; the 2 sterile cells narrow, and the fertile one
broader and 1-seeded. — Glabrous annual herbs. Leaves en-
tire or toothed. Flowers capitately corymbose or cymose,
rose-coloured or purple. Bracteas adpressed.
FIG. 113.
1 F. CORNUCOPIA (D. C. fl.
fr. 4. p. 240.) leaves ovate-
oblong, toothed : lower ones
petiolate : upper ones sessile ;
flowers corymbose, in fascicles ;
peduncles thickened, fistular.
0. H. Native of the south of
Europe, Levant, north of Africa,
Islands in the Mediterranean
&c. in corn-fields and waste
places. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 36.
Valeriana cornucopise, Lin. spec.
44. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t.
32. Val. locusta, Ucria, hort.
pan. p. 46. ex Guss. prod. 1. p.
24.— Sab. hort. rom. 2. 1. 17-19.
— Mor. oxon. sect. 7. t. 16. f.
27. — Riv. mon. t. 5. Stem purplish. Flowers red. This is a
very ornamental annual. The fruit is like a cornucopia.
Cornucopia-fruited Fedia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1796. PI.
\ foot, straggling.
2 F. SCORPIOIDES (Duf. val. p. 55. t. 1.) leaves ovate, petio-
late ; lower ones quite entire : middle ones irregularly toothed :
upper ones ovate-lanceolate, hardly pinnatifid ; flowers cymose,
unilateral and sessile along the two branches of the cyme. O-
H. Native of the north of Africa, about Tangiers. Flowers
purple.
Scorpion- like-cymed Fedia. PI. \ foot.
f Species not sufficiently known.
3 F. PANICULA'TA (Colla, app. 3. p. 36.) lower leaves spatu-
late, nearly entire : middle ones lanceolate, obsoletely toothed :
upper ones linear-lanceolate, quite entire ; stems erect, gla-
brous ; panicles dichotomous. Q. H. Native country un-
known. Perhaps a species of Valerianella.
Panicled Fedia. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. The seeds of the species of Fedia only require to be
sown in the open border in spring, like other hardy annuals. A
light soil suits them best.
VII. PLECTRITIS (from TrX^/crpoc, plektron, a cock's spur;
in reference to the flower being gibbous in front). D. C. coll.
mem. vii. prod. 4. p. 631. — Valerianella sect. Plectritis, Lindl.
bot. reg. no. 1095.
LIN. SYST. Tridndria, Monogynia. Margin of calyx straight,
quite entire. Tube of corolla furnished with a short spur at the
base, and gibbous in front ; limb 5-cleft, bilabiate. Stamens 3.
Capsule cartilaginous, 1 -celled, 2-winged ; but the capsule may
be truly said to be 3-celled, the 2 empty or abortive cells
forming the wings. — A glabrous herb, with a habit between
Centranthus and -Fedia, but the flowers are triandrous, and the
fruit is singularly distinct. Flowers monoecious, rose-coloured,
crowded, in whorles. Bracteas multifid, with subulate seg-
ments.
1 P. CONGE'STA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 631.) Q. H. Native of
the north-west coast of America, on the banks of streams and
moist rocks, along the shore near the mouth of the Columbia,
where it was collected by Douglas. Valerianella congesta,
Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1095.
Var. ft, minor (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 291.) leaves narrow.
Q. H. Native along with the species. Valerianella parviflora,
Dougl. mss.
Crowded-Romered Plectritis. Fl. July. Clt. 1826. PI. | to
1 foot.
Cult. The seeds of this plant only require to be sown where
the plants are intended to remain in the open border.
(>72
VALERIANE^E. VIII. CENTRANTHUS. IX. VALERIANA.
VIII. CENTRA'NTHUS (from Kevrpov, kentron, a spur, and
aydog, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the corolla being fur-
nished with a spur at the base). D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 238. Dufr.
val. p. 38. D. C. prod. 4. p. 631. — Kentranthus, Neck. elem.
l.p. 123.
LIN. SYST. Mondndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx involute
(f. 1 14. b.) when the flower is in blossom, but afterwards it un-
folds into a deciduous pappus, composed of many plumose bris-
tles (f. 114. A.). Corolla with an obconical tube, which is
spurred at the base (f. ll4. c.), and a regular 5-lobed limb (f.
114. </.). Stamen 1 (f. 114. e.). Fruit indehiscent, 1-celled,
and 1-seeded at maturity. — Quite glabrous European herbs.
Leaves undivided or pinnate. Flowers red or white, unilateral
along the branches of the panicle, which is corymbose.
» Spur of flower elongated. Flowers red, very rarely white.
1 C. LONGIFLORUS (Stev. obs. pi. ross. p. 76.) leaves lanceo-
late-linear, quite entire ; spur of corolla about equal in length to
the tube, and about twice the length of the ovarium ; genitals
twice the length of the limb of the corolla. I/ . H. Native of
Armenia, about Tiflis, among rocks. C. angustifolius, Bieb. fl.
taur. 1. p. 67. but not of D. C. The leaves are intermediate in
breadth between the two following, and are probably glaucous
like them. Corollas red, an inch long.
Long-flowered Spurred- Valerian. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1817.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 C. ANGUSTIFOLIUS (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 239.) leaves linear-lan-
ceolate, quite entire; spur one-half shorter than the tube of the
corolla, and about equal in length to the ovarium ; genitals much
exserted. %. H. Native of Spain, south of France, Switzer-
land, Italy, Greece, on the mountains in stony open places.
Dufr. val. p. 39. Val. rubra, /3, Lin. spec. p. 44. Valeriana
angustifolia, Cav. icon. 4. t. 353. Sibth. and Smith, fl. graec. t.
29. but not of Host. Val. monandra, Vill. delph. 2. p. 280.
Flowers red, half an inch long. This plant does not change under
cultivation.
Narrow-leaved Spurred- Valerian. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1759.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
3 C. RUVBER (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 632.) leaves ovate or lanceo-
late : upper ones unequal at the base, toothed a little ; spur one-
half shorter than the tube, and much longer than the ovarium ;
genitals exceeding the corolla but a very little. 1£. H. Native
of the south of Europe, the Levant, north of Africa, and on
Mount Vesuvius, and now cultivated in almost every garden. It
is to be found in some parts of Britain, on chalk cliffs, on walls,
and among rubbish, but is probably an escape from gardens.
Stev. obs. pi. ross. p. 67. C. maritimus, Gray, brit. arr. 2. p.
479. C. latifolius, Dufr. val. p. 38. H. B. et Kunth, nov. 3.
p. 323. Valeriana rubra, All. ped. 1. p. 1. Valeriana rubra,
a, Lin. spec. p. 44. engl. bot. t. 1531. — Berg. phyt. t. 141. Do-
don, pempt. 351. f. 1.— Riv. mon. t. 3. f. 2. Plant of a glau-
cous hue. Flowers red. — There is a variety of this with narrow
leaves, and another with white flowers. In this and the preced-
ing the root is sweet-scented, and the stem sufFruticose at the
base.
Aerf-flowered Spurred- Valerian. Fl. May, July. Britain. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
* * Spur of flower very short (f. 114. c.). Flowers white.
4 C. NERVOSUM (Moris, clench, sard. 2. p. 4.) leaves all ellip-
tic or oblong-lanceolate, attenuated into the petioles, 3-7-nerved,
quite entire ; flowers cymosely corymbose ; spur very short. %. .
H. Native of Corsica, at a place called Alle Trinita, and of Sar-
dinia, on the mountains. Valeriana trinervis, Viv. fl. cors. p. 3.
add. fl. ital. p. 67. Flowers white.
Nen-ed-\ea\eA Spurred-Valerian. PI. 1 foot.
5 C. CALCITRA'PA (Dufr. val. p. 39.) radical leaves ovate,
8
FIG. 114.
entire, or lyrate : upper ones pinnatifid ; flowers rather pani-
cled ; spur very short. O- H. Native of Europe, in the
region of the Mediterranean, and the temperate parts of France.
Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. 2. p. 72. Valeriana calcitr&pa, Lin.
spec. p. 44. Sibth. et Smith, fl.
graec. t. 30. Val. annua, Gray,
brit. arr. 2. p. 478. — Clus. hist.
2. p. 54. with a figure. — Mor.
hist. sect. 7. t. 14. I! 7. Flowers
white, tinged with red.
Var. jj, orbiculata (D. C.
prod. 4. p. 632.) lower leaves
cordate-orbicular, denticulated :
upper ones pinnatifid at the base.
0. H. Native of the Island of
Cyprus and Balearic Islands, &c.
C. orbiculatus, Dufr. — Valeri-
ana orbiculata, Sibth. et Smith,
fl. graec. 1. p. 21.
C'aZ/rop-leaved Spurred-Va-
lerian. Fl. May, July. Clt.
1683. PI. | to H foot.
Cult. All the species are elegant border-flowers. They will
grow in any common soil, or on walls or rock-work, and are all
readily increased by seed.
IX. VALERIA'NA (said by some to be named after one
Valerius, who is said to have used this plant first in medicine ;
and by others to be from valere, to be in health, on account of
the medicinal qualities of V.offic'malis). Neck. elem. 1. p. 123.
D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 238. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. no. 119. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 632. — Valeriana, Phyllactis, and Astrephia, Dufr. —
Valeriana species and Oligacoce species, Willd.
LIN. SYST. Tridndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx involute
in the time of blossom, but it unfolds itself at last into a deci-
duous pappus, which is composed of many plumose bristles (f.
1 15. rf.). Corolla with an obconical or cylindrical tube (f. 115.
b.), which is equal at the base or gibbous, but not spurred, with
a bluntly 5-cleft limb (f. 115. 6.), rarely 3-cleft. Stamens 3 (f.
115. b.). Fruit indehiscent, 1-celled and 1-seeded at maturity.
— Herbs or subshrubs. Leaves variable even in the same plant.
Flowers corymbose, capitate or panicled, nearly all white, rarely
blue, rose-coloured, or yellow.
SECT. I. PHYLLA'CTIS (from <bv\\ov, phyllon, a leaf, and ami',
actin, a ray; in reference to the heads of flowers being involu-
crated). D. C. prod. 4. p. 632.- — Phyllactis, Pers. ench. 1 p.
39. Corolla 3-cleft. Flowers densely aggregate, involucrated.
Stems none. Leaves all radical, entire. — Perhaps a proper
genus.
1 V. RIGIDA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 39. t. 65. f. c.) stem-
less ; leaves crowded in a stellate manner, linear-lanceolate, pun-
gent, quite entire, glabrous, coriaceous ; corymbs sessile, crowded,
head-formed ; corolla 3-cleft ; genitals exserted. I/. . F. Na-
tive of Quito and Peru, on the tops of the Alps. H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 324. Phyllactis rigida, Pers. ench.
1. p. 39. Dufr. val. p. 52. Flowers white.
Stiff Valerian. PI. tufted.
2 V. TENUiFOLiA(RuizetPav. fl.per. l.p. 39.t.65. f.d.) plant
stemless ; leaves crowded in a stellate manner, linear-subulate,
ciliated at the base, very unequal, outer ones very long ; corymbs
sessile, crowded, head-formed ; corollas 3-cleft ; genitals ex-
serted. 1{. F. Native of Peru, on the tops of the Alps.
Phyllactis tenuifblia, Pers. ench, 1. p. 39. Dufr. val. p. 53.
Flowers white.
Fine-leaved Valerian. PI. tufted.
VALERIANE^E. IX. VALERIANA.
673
3 V. SPATULA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 40. t. 68. f. b.)
plant tufted ; stems many, simple, 2-edged ; leaves linear-spatu-
late, obtuse, downy, hardly ciliated ; corymbs capitate, terminal,
involucrated ; corollas S-5-cleft; genitals exserted. If.. F.
Native of the alps of Peru, at Bombom, in the province of
Tarma. Phyllactis spatulata, Pers. ench. 1. p. 39. The co-
rolla is said, in the text of the fl. per., to be 3-cleft, but it is
drawn 5-cleft in the figure ; however, in the specimen examined
it is obviously 3-cleft. Flowers white.
Sf>atulate-]ea\ed Valerian. PI. |- foot.
4 V. OBOVATA (Schultes, mant. 1. p. 214.) plant stemless,
tufted ; root fusiform ; leaves disposed in a stellate manner,
linear-spatulate, obtuse, hairy ; flowers umbellately capitate, in-
volucrated. I/. H. Native of North America, on dry hills
on the banks of the Missouri, about Arikares. Phyllactis obo-
vata, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 21. Flowers and fruit unknown.
Obovale-\ea\ed Valerian. PI. tufted.
SECT. II. ARETIA'STRUM (from Aretia and astrum, an af-
fixed signification, like ; the plants contained in the section have
the habit of species of Aretia). D. C. prod. 4. p. 633. Co-
rolla 4- 5-cleft, with a long tube. Flowers yellow, few, hidden
among the upper leaves. Leaves imbricate, coriaceous, thick,
quite entire. Stems fruticulose. Perhaps a proper genus.
5 V. ARETIOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 324.)
stems suffruticose, tufted, rather procumbent ; leaves imbricated,
linear-terete, fleshy, glabrous, dilated at the base, and ciliated ;
flowers 1-S-together, terminal, sessile ; corollas 4-5-cleft ; sta-
mens exserted. I/ . F. Native of Quito, on the tops of the
Andes. Corolla yellow, glabrous, with a very long filiform tube.
Style inclosed. Fruit unknown.
Aretia-like Valerian. PL procumbent and tufted.
6 V. SEDIFOLIA (D'Urv. fl. mal. p. 44.) stem suflfruticose,
spreading ; branchlets ascending, short ; leaves imbricated,
thick, coriaceous, retuse at the apex, narrowed at the base, very
minutely ciliated ; flowers 5-7, terminal, propped by the leaves ;
corolla 5-cleft ; stamens equal in length to the corolla. 1£. F.
Native of the Falkland Islands, upon nearly naked rocks on
Mount Chatelux. Flowers yellow.
Stone-crop-leaved Valerian. PL tufted.
SECT. III. PHU, or VALERIA'NJE VERJE (this section is sup-^"--
posed to contain the true species of Valeriana). D. C. prod. 4.
p. 633. Corolla 5-cleft, usually white, rarely red or bluish.
§ 1 . Stems suffruticose, not climbing. Leaves undivided.
7 V. ALYPIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 325.)
stems shrubby, procumbent ; leaves spatulate, fleshy, quite gla-
brous, approximate ; heads of flowers pedunculate ; corolla 5-
cleft ; style exserted ; stamens inclosed. ^ . F. Native of
the kingdom of Quito, in frigid places at the foot of Mount An-
tisana, atChussulongi. Habit of Globularia cordifblia. Flowers
white. Allied to V. spatulata.
Alypum-leaved Valerian. PL procumbent.
8 V. MICROPHY'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
325. t. 275.) stem shrubby, erect ; branches terete, clothed with
fine down ; leaves obovate-oblong, quite entire, 3-nerved, rather
coriaceous, downy above ; panicles crowded ; corolla 5-cleft ;
genitals inclosed ; fruit glabrous. Tj . F. Native on the Andes,
about Pasto, in frigid places. Corolla white, with a red throat.
Small-leaved Valerian. PL 1 foot.
9 V. CONNA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 89. t. 67. f. c.)
stem shrubby, ascending, much branched, with 2 rows of down ;
leaves lanceolate, connate, quite entire, glabrous, ciliated at the
base ; corymbs compact, opposite, almost sessile, disposed in an
interrupted raceme; stamens equal in length to the corolla,
VOL. III.
which is 5-cleft. ^ . F. Native of Peru, in the province of
Tarma, at Diezmo, among rocks. Flowers small, white.
Connate-leaved Valerian. Shrub 2 feet.
10 V. auADRANGULAvRis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 326.) stem suffruticose, and is as well as the branches qua-
drangular, glabrous, pilose at the nodi ; leaves ovate-oblong,
denticulated at the base, triple-nerved, rather fleshy, glabrous ;
corymbs dichotomous, divaricate ; corolla 5-cleft ; stamens in-
closed ; fruit glabrous. Tj . F. Native of Peru, on the Andes.
Corolla red, gibbous at the base. Pappus about 14-rayed.
Quadrangular -branched Valerian. Shrub.
1 1 V. TRIPHY'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
326.) branches woody, terete, glabrous ; branchlets angularly
furrowed ; leaves 3 in a whorl, sessile, lanceolate-oblong, coria-
ceous, glabrous ; heads by threes, axillary and terminal, pedun-
culate ; corolla 5-cleft ; stamens exserted. fj . F. Native of
New Granada, near Santa Fe de Bogota, in frigid places on the
mountains.
Three-leaved Valerian. Shrub.
12 V. HIRTE'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 327.)
stem suffruticose, terete, hairy ; branchlets hairy ; leaves linear-
lanceolate, quite entire, 3-nerved, somewhat coriaceous, rather pi-
lose above, and glabrous beneath ; panicles much branched ; fruit
glabrous. Tj . F. Native of the Andes of Quito, on the top
of Mount Assuay. Flowers unknown. Pappus 6-8-rayed.
Hairy Valerian. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
13V. CHAM*DRiFoLiA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 3. p.
129.) stem shrubby, erect, downy at the tops, and densely leafy;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, coarsely and bluntly serrated ; panicles
straight, pyramidal ; corolla 5-cleft ; genitals about equal in
length to the corolla. I? . F. Native of the interior of Brazil.
Flowers small. Fruit unknown.
Germander-leaved Valerian. Shrub.
§ 2. Stems scandent, shrubby, rarely herbaceous. Leaves
undivided.
14 V. TOMENTOSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 327.)
shrubby, scandent ; branches terete, clothed with hoary tomen-
tum ; leaves ovate, cordate, denticulated at the base, membran-
ous, downy above, and clothed with white tomentum beneath ;
corymbs axillary, pedunculate, dichotomous ; corolla 5-cleft ;
genitals exserted. >2 . G. Native of the temperate parts of
Quito, in the valley of Choto. Corolla small, white, gibbous at
the base. Fruit unknown.
Tomentose Valerian. Shrub cl.
15 V. CLEMATI'TIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
327.) shrubby, scandent ; branches terete, glabrous ; leaves
ovate, triple-nerved, almost quite entire, membranous, smooth-
ish ; panicles much branched, divaricate ; corolla 5-cleft ; geni-
tals exserted. Pj . G. Native of New Granada and Quito, in
alpine situations. Link, jahrb. 1. pt. 3. p. 67. Schultes, mant.
1 . p. 262. Corollas downy outside.
Clematis-like Valerian. Shrub cl.
16V. CUASSIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
328. t. 274.) shrubby, scandent; branches terete, glabrous;
leaves ovate-elliptic, obtuse, quite entire, rather fleshy, gla-
brous ; corymbs trichotomous, divaricate ; corolla 5-cleft, pilose
outside ; stamens inclosed ; style exserted. J? . G. Native of
New Granada, in frigid places, near La Erre and Sebondoi.
Fruit unknown.
Thick-leaved Valerian. Shrub cl.
17V. LAURIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
328.) shrubby ; branches terete, glabrous, tetragonal while
young; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, quite entire, rather
coriaceous, quite glabrous and shining ; panicles branched, with
the branchlets and bracteas downy. Jj . G. Native of New
4 R
674
VALERIANE.E. IX. VALERIANA.
Granada, in alpine situations. Flowers monoecious, ex Mutis.
Nearly allied to V. crassifolia.
Laurel-leaved Valerian. Shrub cl.
18 V. SCA'NDENS (Lin. spec. p. 47. but not of Forsk.) plant
glabrous, herbaceous, scandent ; branches terete ; leaves trifo-
liate ; leaflets quite entire : the terminal broad-ovate, acuminat-
ed, large : lateral ones lanceolate, smaller ; panicles axillary,
loose ; stamens exserted ; fruit rather pilose. % . S. Native of
New Andalusia, near Caripe, and about Cumana ; also of Brazil
and St. Domingo, and probably of Mexico. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 333. Rcem. et Schultes, 1. p. 353. mant.
1. p. 257. V. volubilis, Moc. et Sesse. fl. mex. with a figure.
Loefl. itin. p. 235. no. 64.
Climbing Valerian. PI. cl.
§ 3. Stems herbaceous, never scandent. Leaves all undivided.
* Si>ecies natives of America.
19V. PILOSA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 39. t. 66. f. a.) stem
herbaceous, erect, pilose ; leaves linear-lanceolate, pilose, with
revolute margins : radical leaves obtuse : cauline ones few, dis-
tant, acutish ; corymbs racemose; stamens exserted. y. G.
Native of Peru, in frigid places. The whole herb has the habit
of Planlago albicans. Corollas white.
Pilose Valerian. PI. 1 foot.
20 V. LONGIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
330.) stems herbaceous, terete, rather hairy ; leaves quite entire,
coriaceous, glabrous : radical ones linear -lanceolate, petiolate :
cauline ones linear, sessile ; panicle branched ; corolla 5-cleft,
glabrous ; stamens exserted. If. . G. Native of New Granada,
in alpine places. There is a variety of this with the stem 1-3
feet high, and the radical leaves 3-12 inches long. Corollas white.
Nearly allied to V. pilosa and V. plantaginea.
Long-leaved Valerian. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
21 V. SALICARI.SFOLIA (Vahl, enum. 2. p. 16.) plant glabrous,
herbaceous ; stem simple, striated, rooting at the bottom; leaves
lanceolate, quite entire, sessile : upper ones cordate at the base ;
corymbs terminal, decomposed. — Native of Buenos Ayres.
Salicaria- leaved Valerian. PI. 1-J foot.
22 V. PLANTAGINEA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
329.) stem herbaceous, erect, tetragonal, furrowed, glabrous,
pilose at the nodi ; leaves quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous :
radical leaves oblong-spatulate, petiolate : cauline ones lanceo-
late, sessile, connate at the base ; panicles branched ; stamens
exserted ; fruit glabrous, y . G. Native of Quito, in arid
places, on the plains of Antisana, and on the declivities of Mount
Pichincha. Flowers white. Pappus of fruit few-rayed.
Plantain-like Valerian. PI. 4 to 6 feet.
23 V. LAPATHIFOLIA (Vahl, enum. 2. p. 1 1.) stem herbaceous,
striated, glabrous ; leaves ovate-cordate, almost quite entire,
undivided, villous above on the nerves, the rest of the leaf gla-
brous : superior leaves sessile ; corymbs trichotomous. — Native
of the Straits of Magellan.
Dock-leaved Valerian. PI. l| foot.
24 V. URTIC^FOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
330. t. 275.) stem herbaceous, erect, terete, hairy ; leaves
roundish-ovate, subcordate, acute, sinuately toothed, rather
pilose above : lower leaves petiolate : upper ones sessile ; pani-
cles branched ; corymbs downy ; corolla gibbous at the base ;
genitals exserted ; fruit glabrous. If. . G. Native of New Gra-
nada and Peru. Flowers white. Root a round tuber.
Nettle-leaved Valerian. PL 1 foot.
25 V. SCORPIOIDES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 635.) stem rather herba-
ceous, erect, terete, downy ; leaves ovate or roundish, dentately
crenated, pilose above and on the margins ; panicle corymbose,
trichotomous ; branches of panicle elongated, bearing unilateral
flowers; fruit small, ovate, glabrous. y.H. Native of Mexico,
1
in the valley of Tolucca, where it was collected by Berlandier.
Habit almost of Fedia scorpioldes.
Scorpion-like Valerian. PL 1 foot ?
26 V. PROCERA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 329.)
stem herbaceous, furrowed, glabrous : cauline leaves sessile,
ovate- cordate, long-acuminated, sharply toothed, stiff, glabrous ;
panicles much branched; fruit villous. y. F. Native of
Mexico, near Pasciiaro. Flowers unknown. Pappus of calyx
11-12-rayed.
Tall Valerian. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
27 V. MACRORHIZA (Poepp. pi. exsic. no. 918.) glabrous ; ra-
dical leaves spatulate, obtuse, tapering into the petiole, which is
twice the length of the limb ; scapes a little higher than the
leaves ; panicles racemosely spicate, terminal, having the race-
mules opposite : the lower ones pedunculate ; floral leaves linear.
y. F. Native of Chili, near the baths of Villa Vicenzio and
La Quebrada de San Isedro, and on the Andes of Mendosa.
Root thick. Flowers white. Stamens exserted. Habit almost
of V. coarctata.
Long-rooted Valerian. PL 1 foot.
28 V. COARCTA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 40. t. 68. f. a.)
stems herbaceous, erect, simple, striated, downy ; leaves narrow-
lanceolate, attenuated, denticulated, ciliated : cauline leaves few ;
flowers crowded in whorles, disposed in a somewhat interrupted
spike. If. . G. Native of Peru, at Huassa-Huassi, in frigid
places in the province of Tarma. Flowers white. Fruit said
to be oblong, and crowned by 5 scales. Astrephia coarctata,
Dufr. val. p. 50.
Coarctate Valerian. PL 1 foot.
29 V. SERRA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 40. t. 68. f. c.)
plant tufted, glabrous ; stems striated ; leaves cuneate-lanceo-
late, serrated from the middle to the apex ; flowers in crowded
whorles, disposed in an interrupted elongated spike, y . F.
Native of Peru, in cold places. Astrephia serrata, Dufr. val. p.
51. Flowers white. Fruit as in V. coarctata, to which it comes
very near.
Serrated-leaved Valerian. PL £ foot.
30 V. CAUNOSA (Smith, icon. ined. 3. p. 52.) stems herbace-
ous, ascending, glabrous ; leaves oval, toothed, fleshy, quite gla-
brous ; corymbs dichotomous. ]t/.H. Native at the Straits of
Magellan. Astrephia carnosa, Dufr. val. p. 51. Val. Magel-
lanica, Lam. ill. 1. p. 93. Plant glaucous.
Fleshy Valerian. PL
31 V. OBLONGIFOLIA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 40. t. 65. f.
a.) plant herbaceous, pilose ; stems many, striated, almost leaf-
less ; radical leaves oblong, dentate, obtuse : cauline ones linear,
serrately-cut ; corymbs contracted, y . F. Native of Peru,
on the alps in the province of Tarma, towards Pasco. Flowers
white.
Oblong-leaved Valerian. PL 1 foot.
32 V. OBTUSIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 635.) plant herbaceous,
erect, glabrous ; root tuberous ; leaves obtuse : lower ones obo-
vate or oval, petiolate : upper ones sessile, oval-oblong, toothed
at the base ; corymbs coarctate. If. . F. Native of Chili. Va-
leriana, no. 630. Poepp. pi. exsic. Fruit unknown. Herb 3-7
inches high. Flowers white, crowded. Stamens not exserted.
Allied to V. oblongijolia, and with it is intermediate between the
present and following division of the genus.
Blunt-leaved Valerian. PL ^ foot.
* * Species natives of Europe and the Levant.
33 V. ALtiARi^FOLiA (Vahl, enum. 2. p. 11.) plant glabrous,
erect ; stem striated ; leaves all cordate, undivided, equally
toothed, acuminated : lower ones petiolate, upper ones almost
sessile; corymbs rather contracted; fruit glabrous, y. H.
Native of Cappadocia, Iberia, and throughout Caucasus, in alpine
VALERIANE^E. IX. VALERIANA.
675
places. Valeriana macrophylla, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 25. Flowers
white, tinged with red.
Alliaria-leaved Valerian. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
34 V. MONTA'NA (Lin. spec. p. 45.) plant glabrous or a little
hairy, erect ; lower leaves oblong or obovate, obtuse, a little
toothed, on long petioles : upper ones lanceolate, acute ; corymbs
at length panicled ; fruit smoothish. Tf.. H. Native of Europe,
on the mountains. Jacq. austr. 3. t. 269. vind. 202. D. C. fl. fr.
no. 3319. Dufr. val. p. 46. V. montana, a, V. saxatilis, and
V. Phu, Lapeyr. abr. p. 18. — Scheuch. itin. 1. p. 51. Roots
horizontal. Stems simple. Flowers white, tinged with red.
Var. /3, rotundifblia, (D. C. fl. fr. 1. c.) stems more humble ;
lower leaves roundish. I/ . H. Native of Europe, on high
mountains. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1825. Lodd. bot. cab. 317. V.
rotundifolia, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 283. V. intermedia, Sternb. et
Hoppe. bot. ges. 2. p. 89.
Var. y, cuspidata, (D. C. prod. 4. p. 636.) stems humble,
nearly naked : lower cauline leaves ovate, acuminated, undi-
vided or subtrifid. 1£. H. Native of Abruzzo, on the Ap-
penines. Val. cuspidata, Bert. ined.
Mountain Valerian. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1748. PI. 1 to
If foot.
35 V. ALPE'STRIS (Stev. in mem. soc. nat. mosc. 5. p. 342.)
radical leaves ovate, almost quite entire, obtuse : cauline leaves
tripartite or ternate, acute : upper ones linear, entire ; flowers
capitately corymbose ; pappus of calyx equal to the achenia in
length. 3{.. H. Native of Siberia, about the fountains of the
rivers Sentelek, Uba, and Ina ; and of Caucasus, in alpine mea-
dows. V. montana, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 25. no. 67. 3. p. 28.
Schultes, mant. 1. p. 258.— Gmel. sib. 3. p. 121. no. 2. The
whole plant is glabrous. Corymbs coarctate when in flower, but
rather loose while in fruit.
Alp Valerian. PI. 1 foot.
36 V. SAXA'TILIS (Lin. spec.
p. 45.) radical leaves on long
petioles, elliptic, 3-5-nerved, un-
divided, or a little toothed, cili-
ated : cauline leaves few, small,
linear ; stems erect ; corymbs
racemose; fruit glabrous, y..
H. Native of the Alps of
France, Austria, Italy, &c. Jacq.
austr. 3. t. 267. vind. 204. D.
C. fl. fr. 4. no. 3324. Bert,
amoen. ital. p. 326. Krok. sil.
no. 52. t. C — Pluk. phyt. t.
232. f. 2. Root blackish, very
sweet-scented, and when chewed
leaving a bitterness on the
tongue. The whole plant shin-
ing, and about half a foot high, with the stems subdivided at top.
Flowers white, often dioeco-polygamous.
Rock Valerian. Fl. July. Clt. 1740. PI. \ foot.
37 V. SUPINA (Lin. mant. p. 27.) leaves undivided, ciliated,
on short petioles : radical ones obovate : cauline ones lanceolate ;
corymbs coarctate ; bracteas ciliated ; fruit glabrous. If. . H.
Native of Carinthia and Tyrol, on the alps. Jacq. misc. austr.
2. t. 17. f. 2. Roam. fl. cur. f. 3. Sturm, fl. germ, with a figure.
Dufr. val. p. 47. V. supina, Willd. exclusive of the synonymes
of All. — Ard. spec. 2. t. 13. Root scentless. Stems 1-2 inches
high. Peduncles of corymbs opposite. Flowers white, tinged
with red.
Supine Valerian. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822. PI. ^ foot.
38 V. SALIU'NCA (All. ped. 1. p. 3. t. 70. f. 1.) plant gla-
brous ; leaves spatulate or obovate, obtuse, entire, on short peti-
FIG. 115.
oles : cauline leaves sometimes tridentate at the base ; stems
short ; flowers disposed in capitate corymbs ; fruit oblong, gla-
brous. Tf.H. Native of Savoy, Vallais, Piedmont, Dauphiny,
Italy, on the higher alps. Dufr. val. p. 47. V. supina, D. C.
fl. fr. 4. no. 3323. but not of Jacq. V. Celtica, Vill. dauph. 2.
p. 285. but not of Lin. Root acrid, sweet-scented. Flowers
sweet-scented, white, tinged with red.
Lavender Valerian. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824. PI. £ to \ ft.
39 V. CE'LTICA (Lin. spec. p. 46.) plant glabrous; leaves
quite entire, obtuse : radical ones obovate : cauline ones linear ;
stems simple ; flowers disposed in interrupted racemose spikes ;
fruit hairy. %. H. Native of France, Italy, Illyria, Carinthia,
Switzerland, &c. on the alps. Jacq. coll. 1. t. 24. f. 1. vind.
203. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3322. Dufr. val. p. 47. Val. saxatilis,
Vill. ex Poir. — J. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 203. with a figure. Roots
sweet-scented, black. Stems 1-2 inches high. Flowers white
inside, and reddish outside. Eastern nations procure the roots
of this plant from the mountains of Austria to aromatize their
baths.
Celtic Valerian. Fl. June. Clt. 1748. PI. \ to \ foot.
§ 4. Stems herbaceous. Radical leaves undivided; cauline
ones tripartite or pinnatifid.
* Species natives of Europe.
40 V. GLOBULARI^FO'LIA (Ram. in D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 236.)
plant glabrous, glaucescent ; radical leaves petiolate, ovate, quite
entire, obtuse ; cauline ones pinnate : lobes or leaflets of the
lower leaves obovate, of the superior ones linear ; corymbs short,
coarctate, subracemose ; fruit oblong, glabrous. I/ . H. Native
of the Pyrenees, on rocks ; and of Spain, on Mount Pinnafu-
rado. Dufr. val. p. 41. no. 4. and no. 5. V. heterophylla, Lois,
fl. gall. 1. p. 21. t. 2. but not of Baumg. V. glauca, Lapeyr.
abr. V. rupicola, Lag. var. 2. p. 212. gen. et spec. 2. no. 16.
Globularia-leaved Valerian. PI. 1 foot.
41 V. INTERME'DIA (Vahl, enum. 2. p. 9.) plant glabrous,
erect ; lower leaves on short petioles, cordate, quite entire :
cauline ones tripartite, with lanceolate quite entire lobes ;
corymbs at length panicled. T(.. H. Native of the Pyrenees.
V. montana y appendiculata, Lapeyr. abr. p. 19. V. tripteris
/3, integrifolia, Arn. in litt. Perhaps a variety of V. montana or
V. tripteris, or a hybrid between these two species. Flowers white.
Intermediate Valerian. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 foot.
42 V. TRI'PTERIS (Lin. spec. p. 45.) plant glabrous, erect ;
radical leaves petiolate, cordate or ovate, toothed ; cauline ones
sessile, tripartite, with ovate-oblong or lanceolate lobes, which
are toothed a little ; corymbs panicled at length ; fruit glabrous.
1J. . H. Native of Europe, in rocky places on the mountains,
as of Austria, Carniola, Dauphiny, and Piedmont. Jacq. austr.
3. t. 268. Baumg. fl. trans. 1. p. 36. var. aand/3. — Pluk.
phyt. t. 231. f. 7-8. — Barrel, icon. t. 742. Root brov^
strong smelling. Flowers white, in loose corymbs.
are varieties of this plant having the radical leaves cordate or
ovate, and the stem ones more or less divided, toothed or cut ;
lobes or leaflets of the upper leaves linear, undivided.
Three-winged-leaved Valerian. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1752.
PI. 1 foot.
43 V. SAXI'COLA (Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 49.) root creeping ;
stems nearly terete ; radical leaves oblong or ovate, quite entire ;
lower cauline leaves petiolate, trifid or tripartite: lobes linear or
oblong : uppermost leaves linear, sessile, entire ; flowers herma-
phrodite, corymbose, crowded. 1£. H. Native of Western
Caucasus, among alpine rocks.
Rock Valerian. PL 1 foot ?
44 V. PYRENA'ICA (Lin. spec. p. 46.) plant downy, erect ;
stems striated ; lower leaves large, petiolate, cordate, unequally-
toothed ; superior ones pinnate, having the 1-2 lower pairs of
4 a 2
676
VALERIANEjE. IX. VALERIANA.
lobes or leaflets oblong or acuminated, and the terminal one
broad-ovate or roundish, cordate, serrated ; corymbs ample ;
truit glabrous. !£. H. Native of the Pyrenees, in woods; and
of Scotland, in woods, particularly about Edinburgh and Glas-
gow. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3317. Sowerb. engl. bot. t. 1591.—
Pluk. phyt. t. 232. f. 1. V. Canadensis, Riv. mon. t. 6. —
Buxb. cent. 2. p. 19. t. 11. A showy pale green herb, with
large leaves. Flowers pale red, disposed in ample corymbs.
There is also a white flowered variety of this plant.
Pyrenean Valerian. Fl. May, June. Scotland. PI. 2 to 4 ft.
45 V. ITA'LICA (Lam. ill. 1. p. 92.) plant glabrous, erect;
stems terete, nearly smooth ; radical leaves petiolate, undivided,
ovate-oblong, remotely toothed, the rest pinnate ; leaflets or
lobes ovate or ovate-oblong, toothed ; corymbs subpanicled ;
fruit glabrous. 1£. H. Native of Liguria and Candia, on the
mountains. Vahl, enum. 2. p. 6. Dufr. val. p. 45. V. tube-
rosa, Imp. hist. nat. ed. 2. p. 656. with a figure. Flowers
truly triandrous, not tetrandrous, as said by Lam. and Vahl.
Italian Valerian. PI. 1 to 2 feet ?
46 V. ELONGA'TA (Lin. spec. p. 1664.) plant glabrous, erect;
stems striated ; radical leaves petiolate, oval ; cauline leaves ses-
sile, subcordate or hastate ; upper leaves deeply 3-5-cleft, acute ;
panicle elongated, with the lateral branches short and subcorym-
bose ; corolla very short, tubularly campanulate ; fruit glabrous.
If. H. Native of Austria, Carniola, &c. on the alps. Jacq. fl.
austr. 3. t. 219. vind. t. 1. Morr. ox. sect. 7. t. 15. f. 20.
Root whitish, with little taste or smell. Flowers dusky. Stems
6-10 inches high.
Var. ft, polygama (D. C. prod. 4. p. 637.) plant larger; up-
per leaves trifid. "$.. H. Native of Galicia, in humid mea-
dows. V. dioica, Bess. prim. 1. p. 48. enum. p. 40. V. poly-
gama, Bess, in litt. Flowers corymbose, a little larger than in
V. elongata ; but very similar in form.
E/ongated-pnnic\ed Valerian. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1812.
PI. | to | foot.
47 V. ASARIFO'LIA (Dufr. val. p. 44.) plant glabrous, erect ;
radical leaves petiolate, cordate-reniform, a little toothed ;
cauline leaves few, pinnate ; lobes or leaflets of the upper leaves
linear; corymbs rather contracted. I/ . H. Native of Crete,
on the Spaceotic mountains. Sieb. herb. cret. Schultes, syst. 1.
p. 356. mant. 1. p. 259. — Alp. exot. p. 132. with a figure.
Flowers red. Root tuberous, black.
Asarabacca-Ieaved Valerian. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI.
1 foot.
48 V. TUBEROSA (Lin. spec. p. 46.) plant glabrous ; radical
leaves ovate, lanceolate-oblong or oblong, undivided, quite en-
tire ; cauline leaves pinnatifid, with 2-3 pairs of linear segments
or lobes, the terminal segment the largest ; corymbs at first co-
: In.:* r-,ae, hairy. If. . H. Native of the south of
Europe, iroui ^w '.in to Caucasus ; of Siberia, near Sogra and
Wjclrichit, :r;«l tro.n Buchtorminsk to Lake Noor Saisan. Vahl,
enuiii. i». p. I/. Dufr. val. p. 45. D. C. fl. fr.no. 3320. Lob.
. Cam. epit. p. 16. Root tuberous, blackish,
sitnpfe or double, ovate or oblong. There are varieties of this
species with the cauline leaves all pinnatifid, or the lower ones
are quite entire, oblong-lanceolate and elongated, and the upper
leaves more or less pinnatifid. Flowers pale red.
Var, fl, monorhlza (D. C. prod. 4. p. 637.) root simple, nearly
globose; radical leaves ovate-cordate, }/. H. Native of
Liguria. V. bulb&sa, Imp. hist. nat. ed. 12. p. 659. with a
figure. Barrel, icon. t. 867. V. monorhiza, Dufr. val. p. 44.
Tu&erows-rooted Valerian. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1629. PI.
1-j foot.
49 V. PHU' (Lin. spec. p. 45.) plant glabrous, erect; stems
terete, smooth; radical leaves oblong or elliptic, undivided;
cauline ones pinnatifid, with oblong lobes ; corymbs panic-led ;
lobes of stigma 3, slender; frjuit glabrous, but exhibiting 2 hairy
lines. I/. H. Native of Alsatia, Switzerland, Silesia, Cauca-
sus, &c. in subalpine places, but not of the Pyrenees. Dufr.
val. p. 40. but not of Lapeyr, nor Ruiz et Pav.? — Fusch, hist,
p. 155. with a figure. Heyn. arz. gew. 3. t. 33. good. — Blackw.
t. 256 — Plench. t. 28. Moris, hist. sect. 7. t. 14. f. 1. Riv.
mon. t. 3. Lob. icon. t. 714. Root oblique, thick, and matted,
pale green. Plant glaucous. Flowers white, with a pleasant smell.
Phu or Garden Valerian. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1597. PI.
2 to 4 feet.
50 V. DU'BIA (Bunge, in Led. fl. alt. 1 . p. 52.) primary
radical leaves quite entire or auricled ; the rest lyrately pinna-
tifid, and the cauline leaves pinnate ; leaflets oblong, obtuse,
almost entire : superior ones decurrent ; corymbs compound ;
flowers hermaphrodite. If. . H. Native of Siberia. V. offi-
cinaiis, Falk. topogr. beytr. 2. no. 50. ? — Gmel. fl. sib. 3. p.
120. no. 1. exclusive of the synonymes. This species is very
nearly allied to V. officinalis, but differs from it in the lower
leaves being undivided or auricled. Stem and margins of leaves
beset with minute adpressed hardly conspicuous pili.
Var. a, latifolia (Bunge, 1. c.) segments of leaves 7-11, more
remote and broader than in var. /3. If. . H. Native of Si-
beria, frequent on schistous mountains in exposed places.
Var. /3, angustifolia (Bunge, I. c.) segments of leaves 21-27,
more crowded and narrower, and more elongated than in var. a.
If.. H. Native of Siberia, near Salair and Barnaul.
Doubtful Valerian. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
51 V. DIOI'CA (Lin. spec. p. 44.) plant glabrous, erect; stems
striated ; radical leaves petiolate, ovate or subspatulate, undi-
vided ; cauline leaves pinnatifid, with linear-oblong lobes ;
flowers dioecious ; corymbs of the male flowers loose ; of the
female ones contracted ; lobes of stigma almost combined ; fruit
glabrous. I/. H. Native of Europe and the Levant, in wet
meadows and marshes, and by the sides of streams and ditches ;
in Britain in moist boggy meadows frequent. Dufr. val. p. 29.
Oed. fl. dan. t. 687. Sturm, deutsch. fl. with a figure. Heyne,
arzn. gew. 3. p. 478. Smith, engl. bot. 628. Curt. lond. 4. t. 3.
Poit. et Turp. fl. par. t. 41. V. sylvestris, Gray. brit. arr. 2. p.
478. V. montana, gen. el. no. 31. ex Wahl. Roots horizontal,
creeping, white, but sometimes tinged with red, slender.
Flowers white, tinged with red or flesh coloured.
Var. ft, integrifolia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 637.) all the leaves
both radical and cauline are quite entire. I/ . H. Native of
Silesia. V. dioica simplicifolia, Reich, icon. 1. p. 48. t. 59. —
Loes. pruss. no. 724. t. 84.
Dioecious Valerian. Fl. May, July. Britain. PI. -j to 1 foot.
* Species natives of America.
52 V. CAPITA'TA (Pall, in Willd. herb. no. 789. exclusive of
Cham, et Schlecht. which is Gentiana frigida,) plant glabrous,
erect; stems downy at the nodi; radical leaves petiolate, roundish,
simple ; cauline ones almost sessile, simple or ternate ; leaflets
sinuately serrated, middle one the largest ; panicles terminal,
capitate, girded by long linear bracteas ; tube of corolla elon-
gated ; fruit ovate, compressed, glabrous. I/ . H. Native of
the higher ranges of the Sagan Alps, at the bay of St. Laurence ;
Kotzebue's Sound ; on the Arctic shores of America beyond
Behring's Straits ; and between the Coppermine and Mackenzie
rivers. Link, jahrb. 1. pt. 3. p. 66. Cham, et Schlecht. in
Linnaea. 3. p. 130. Perhaps distinct from V. tripteris, ex Stev.
obs. in herb. Willd.
Capte/e-flowered Valerian. PI. 1 foot.
53 V. SYLVA'TICA (Banks, mss. Richards, in Frankl. 1st
journ. ed. 2. append, p. 2.) plant glabrous, erect ; stem striated ;
radical leaves petiolate, ovate or subspatulate, undivided ; cau-
line leaves pinnate-parted, with ovate-lanceolate nearly entire
VALERIANE.E. IX. VALERIANA.
677
segments; flowers hermaphrodite; lobes of stigmas 2-3, minute;
fruit ovate, compressed, glabrous. If,. H. Native of New-
foundland, ex Banks, Clear-water River, ex Richards, Prairies
of the Rocky Mountains abundant, ex Drummond. In every
respect this agrees with the European V. dioica. It differs from
V. Phu by the smaller and shorter fruit, and entire absence of
the two hairy lines.
Wood Valerian. PI. 1 foot.
54 V. IAXIFLORA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 638.) plant glabrous,
ascending, suffruticose at the base ; leaves petiolate, ovate or
oval, with a few coarse irregularly dentately cut teeth ; florifer-
ous branches elongated, almost naked ; superior leaves pinnate-
parted, with 1-2 linear quite entire lobes on each side ; floral
leaves linear ; panicle loose, with opposite branches, which are
trifid and few-flowered at the apex. I/. F. Native of Chili.
Valeriana, no. 825. Poepp. pi. exsic. Fruit oblong, glabrous.
Lax-Jlomered Valerian. PI. ascending.
55 V. HYAHNORHIZA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 41. t. 67. f.
b. Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. hot. p. 28.) plant herba-
ceous, ratlier downy ; stems terete ; radical leaves roundish-ob-
ovate, crenated, entire, and auricled ; cauline ones pinnatifid ;
flowers corymbose ; genitals exserted ; fruit glabrous. If. .
F. Native of Chili. and Peru, in sandy arid places. Astrephia
hyalinorhiza, Dufr. val. p. 52. Oligacoce hyalinorhiza, Willd.
herb. Root obovate, shining, white, insipid. Corollas yellow,
ex Ruiz et Pav.
Shining-rooted Valerian. PI. -J foot.
56 V. HUMBO'LDTII (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. vol. 3.)
stem herbaceous, erect, terete, and is as well as the leaves
smoothish ; radical leaves entire, roundish-elliptic, crenated ;
cauline leaves sessile, pinnatifidly lyrate ; panicles much branch-
ed ; corollas quinquefid ; stamens exserted ; fruit glabrous,
crowned by feathered pappus. I/. F. Native of Peru, in rocky
places. V. hyalinorhiza, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
331. but not of Ruiz et Pav.
Humboldt's Valerian. PI. | to 1^ foot.
57 V. PINNATI'FIDA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 40. t. 69. f. b.)
plant herbaceous, glabrous ; stems erect, simple, striated-; two
lower leaves lanceolate, quite entire : the rest pinnatifid, with ob-
long serrate-toothed lobes ; panicle loose ; lateral corymbs di-
trichotomous ; stamens exserted. If . F. Native of Peru, at
Chancay and Lima on hills. Val. brachiata, Pers. ench. 1. p.
37. Root tuberous, sweet scented, as in V. Phu. Flowers
white. A variety of the present plant, or a distinct species, was
gathered by Bertero in the grassy pastures on Mont La Leona at
Rancagua, in Chili.
Pinnatifid-leaved Valerian. PI. 1 foot ?
58 V. LEUCOCA'RPA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 638.) plant herbace-
ous, erect, glabrous ; lower leaves on long petioles, oboval-ob-
long, obtuse, attenuated at the base, membranous ; cauline
leaves very few, small, pinnate-parted at the base, with linear
lobes ; panicle loose, with opposite trichotomous branches ;
fruit pale, glabrous, compressed. If. . F. Native of Chili.
Valeriana, no. 847. Poepp. pi. exsic. Stem 2 feet high. Radical
leaves with the petioles 10-12 inches long. Stamens not ex-
serted. Pappus of calyx plumose.
White-fruited Valerian. PI. 2 feet.
59 V. VAGINA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 331.)
plant glabrous ; stems tufted, simple, tetragonal ; radical leaves
oblong-elliptic, petiolate, toothed a little ; cauline leaves sinu-
ately pinnatifid, sheathed at the base, with linear pilose seg-
ments ; corymbs crowded ; stamens inclosed ; style much ex-
serted. "H. . F. Native of New Spain, in humid places near
Real del Monte. Corolla glabrous, gibbous at the base, white.
Sheathe d-\eaved Valerian. PI. -J foot.
60 V. PANICULA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 41. t. 70.
f. a.) plant herbaceous, villous; stems many, erect, striately
furrowed, terete, rather 2-edged ; radical leaves undivided, cor-
date, acute ; cauline leaves pinnate, with 3-5 ovate acute, denti-
culated leaflets ; panicle diffuse ; stamens length of corolla.
If.. H. Native of Peru, in moist rocky places. Corollas small,
gibbous at the base, white. Pappus of calyx 10-rayed.
Panicled-fiowered Valerian. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
61 V. PAUCIFIORA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 18. Hook. fl.
bor. amer. 1. p. 291. t. 101.) plant herbaceous, glabrous ; stems
erect, simple, furrowed ; radical leaves simple, cordate, sinu-
ately crenated, petiolate ; cauline ones lyrately pinnatifid, with
5-7 segments or leaflets, those at the top of the stem trifoliate or
simple ; leaflets broad-ovate, acute, sinuately toothed ; panicle
scattered ; corymbs few-flowered ; corollas tubular ; stamens
exserted; fruit ovate, compressed, glabrous. %. H. Native
of North America, on the Alleghany mountains in shady places;
and in woods on the Rocky Mountains north of the Smoking
river, and on Wolf's plain. Nutt. gen. amer. p. 20. Pursh, fl.
amer. sept. 1. p. 28. Root thick, creeping, emitting fibres.
Stems hairy at the nodi. Flowers white, ex Nutt., pale blue,
ex Torrey, rose-coloured, ex Hook. Panicle terminal, cymose.
Var. /3 ; leaflets almost entire. I/ . H. On moist rocks
and islands of the Columbia river. Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1.
p. 292.
Few-jlowered Valerian. PI. 2 feet.
62 V. IIEBECA'RPA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 638.) plant herbaceous,
erect, glabrous ; lower leaves petiolate, obovate-oblong, coarsely
toothed : superior ones sessile, pinnate-parted, with lanceolate-
toothed lobes ; branches of panicle opposite, trichotomous ;
bracteas linear, obtuse ; fruit small, ovate, velvety from short
crowded down. 1£. F. Native of Chili. Valeriana, no. 942.
Poepp. pi. exsic. Herb 1^ foot high. From the fruit being
canescent, it agrees with V, Papilla, but the fruit is 3 or 4 times
smaller.
Hairy-fruited Valerian. PI. 1£ foot.
§5. Stems herbaceous. Leaves all pinnate-lubed.
* Species natives of America.
63 V. PAPI'LLA (Bert, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 638.) stems
erect, glabrous ; leaves glabrous, lyrately pinnatifid : having the
lateral lobes linear and entire, and the terminal one large, obovate-
oblong, and somewhat sinuated ; panicle trichotomous ; fruit
oblong, very hispid. If. . F. Native of Chili, in sandy pastures
along the Cachapual, at a place called St. George, where it is
called by the natives Papilla, and about the banks of Collina.
Herb 14 foot high. Pedicels pilose. Fruit large. Flowers
unknown. Pappus blackish.
Papilla Valerian. PI. 1^ foot.
64 V. PYRAMIDA'LIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
331.) plant glabrous ; stem herbaceous, terete, furrowed ; leaves
pinnate, with sessile ovate-cordate quite entire segments or leaf-
lets ; panicle much branched, pyramidal ; genitals almost in-
closed ; fruit oblong, glabrous. If. . G. Native on the walls of
the city of Quito. Corolla with a very short tube, white.
Pyramidal-pamc\ed Valerian. PI. 3 feet.
65 V. BRIDGE'SII (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 365.)
glabrous ; leaves Ivrately pinnatifid : lobes erose, curled : lateral
ones small, terminal one much larger ; radical leaves obovate, and
more entire than the rest ; panicle elongated, with opposite
dichotomous distant branches ; fruit ovate, glabrous. — Native of
Chili, on the mountains and plains near Valparaiso. Very closely
allied to V. crispa, with a totally distinct fruit, which, in this
species, is not flat on one side, with a tubercle on the other, but
presents a tubercle which is internally spongy on both sides, nor
is it half so large as in V. crispa.
Bridges's Valerian. PI. 1 to 2 feet?
678
VALERIANE^E. IX. VAIERIANA.
66 V. POLEMONOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
3S2.) plant downy ; stems herbaceous, erect, terete ; leaves pin-
nate : leaflets oblong, on short petioles, quite entire, rather
fleshy, smoothish above ; panicle much branched ; genitals in-
closed. Tf. F. Native of the kingdom of Quito, between
Hambato and Llactacunga. Corolla glabrous, gibbous at the
base, white.
Polemonium-like Valerian. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
67 V. DECUSSATA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 42. t. 70. f. b.)
plant herbaceous, downy ; stems erect, striated ; leaves pinnate ;
leaflets lanceolate, acuminated, a little denticulated : the terminal
one rather the largest ; panicle loose, divaricate, downy ; stamens
nearly inclosed. If. . F. Native of Peru, among rocks, and in
hedges. Peduncles decussate. Corolla small, white.
Decussate-Tpeduncled Valerian. PI. 3 feet.
08 V. FOLYSTA'CHYA (Smith, icon. ined. 3. t. 51.) plant gla-
brous, erect ; stems a little striated ; leaves pinnatifid, with
linear quite entire acute segments ; racemes compound, elon-
gated, composed of opposite spikes. — Native of Buenos Ayres,
in moist places, where it was collected by Commerson. Vahl,
enum. 2. p. 5. Astrephia polystachya, Dufr. val. p. 51. Oli-
gacoce polystachya, Willd. herb. Corolla hardly gibbous at the
base.
Many- spiked Valerian. PI. 2 feet.
69 V. SORBIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
332.) stems herbaceous, erect, terete, rather pilose below ; leaves
pinnate ; leaflets sessile, ovate-oblong, cuneated at the base,
coarsely serrated, glabrous ; panicle much branched ; stamens
inclosed; style exserted. If.- F. Native of Mexico, on the
western declivities of mountains between Valladolid and Paz-
cuaro. Corolla glabrous, gibbous at the base, white.
Mountain- Ash-leaved Valerian. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
70 V. SANGUISORBIFOLIA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 456.) plant herba-
ceous, glabrous ; stems prostrate at the base, and erect at the
apex ; leaves pinnate ; petioles naked almost to the middle ;
leaflets sessile, ovate, few-toothed, equal ; panicle racemose, ob-
long, rather loose. If. . F. Native of the Cordillera of Chili.
V. sanguisorbae, Pers. ench. 1. p. 37. Flowers white.
Burnet-leaved Valerian. PI. 1 foot.
71 V. GLAU'CA (Poepp. pi. exsic. no. 127.) plant herbaceous,
erect, glabrous ; stems terete, naked at the apex ; leaves glau-
cous, pinnate : leaflets obovate-oblong, toothed, those at the
base of the petiole small, and those at the top of the leaf larger
and confluent; branches of panicle opposite, trichotomous ;
bracteas linear. if.. F. Native of Chili, where it was collected
by Poeppig. Allied to V. sanguisorbcefolia, but the petioles
are almost leafy to the base. Leaflets narrowed into the petioles.
Glaucous Valerian. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
72 V. VIRGA TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 42. t. 66. f. b.)
plant suffruticose, almost glabrous ; stem much branched, striat-
ed, rather downy ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets entire or bifid, with
linear bluntish entire lobes ; corymbs panicled, with dichoto-
mous branches, bearing a sessile flower in each fork ; stamens
exserted. I? . F. Native of Peru, in the province of Canta,
among broken rocks. Flowers white.
Twiggy Valerian. PI. 3 feet.
73 V. GLOBIFLORA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 43. t. 65. f. b.)
plant herbaceous, humble, hispid on one side ; stems striated,
hardly longer than the leaves, almost naked ; leaves pinnate :
leaflets sinuately toothed ; flowers capitate ; bracteas spatulate,
membranous. Tf. . F. Native of Peru, on the alps in the pro-
vinces of Tarma and Canta. Corollas white.
Globe-flowered Valerian. PI. A to \ foot.
74 V. LYRA'TA (Vahl, enum. 2. p. 4.) plant herbaceous, gla-
brous ; stem bearing 2 leaves ; radical leaves lyrate ; leaflets
oblong, dentately serrated : the terminal one rather pinnatifid :
those of the cauline leaves linear-lanceolate ; peduncles tricho-
tomous. 11 . F. Native of Peru.
Lyrate-leaved Valerian. PI. -y to -| foot.
75 V. INTERRU'PTA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 42. t. 67. f. a.)
plant herbaceous, glabrous ; stems many, erect, bearing 2 oppo-
site bipinnatifid leaves under the corymb, which is trichoto-
mous ; radical leaves pinnate-parted, and appendiculately tooth-
ed between the lobes ; segments linear or oblong, unequally
bluntly and coarsely toothed ; stamens exserted. If. . F. Na-
tive of Peru, on the alps in the province of Tarma at Diezmo.
Astrephia interrupta, Dufr. val. p. 51. Flowers capitate, ses-
sile. Bracteas linear.
Interrupted-leaved Valerian. PI. ^ foot.
76 V. CRI'SPA (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 27. but
not of Ruiz et Pav.) leaves fleshy : inferior ones laciniately
pinnatifid, with acutely toothed curled segments ; fructiferous
panicle coarctate ; fruit cordately ovate, plano-convex, broadly
marginated, with a longitudinal elevated line in front, and 3
lines on the back ; pappus plumose, united by a membrane at
the base. — Native of Chili, about Conception. V. pterocarpa,
Hook, et Arn. 1. c.
Curled-leaved Valerian. PI. 1 to 2 feet ?
77 V. CERATOPHY'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
333. t. 276.) plant glabrous ; stems herbaceous, terete, striated ;
leaves pinnate ; leaflets hastately trifid, sessile, with linear acu-
minated segments ; corymbs dichotomous ; genitals exserted ;
fruit downy. If. . F. Native of Mexico, in high plains near
Chapoltepec. Val. dichotoma, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon,
ined. Corolla downy outside, gibbous at the base, white.
Horn-leaved Valerian. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
78 V. TOLUCCA'NA (D. C coll. mem. vii. prod. 4. p. 640.)
plant glabrous, herbaceous, erect ; stem nearly terete ; leaves
pinnate, with 3-4 pairs of membranous repandly toothed leaves,
with an odd one : those of the upper leaves very narrow ; pa-
nicle loose, elongated ; lateral corymbs dichotomous ; flowers
sessile in the forks ; fruit oblong, downy. If. . F. Native of
Mexico, in the valley of Tolucco. Very like V. Hardmickii,
but differs in the stem and leaves being quite smooth, in the
segments of the leaves being more ovate, in the corymbs being
dichotomous, and in the fruit being oblong.
Tolucca Valerian. PI. -| to 2 feet ?
79 V. MEXICA'NA (D. C. coll. mem. vii. prod. 4. p. 640.)
plant herbaceous, glabrous, erect ; stems rather angular ; leaves
pinnate, with 2 pairs of oblong leaflets, and an odd one :
the latter is larger and ovate, and usually auricled at the
base, but all are repandly toothed ; panicle loose, elongated,
having the lateral branches elongated and trichotomous ; sta-
mens exserted ; fruit ovate, scabrous. H. . F. Native of
Mexico, about the city, where it was collected by Berlandier.
Very nearly allied to V. Hardwickii and V. Toluccana, but is
distinguished from both by its angular stem.
Mexican Valerian. PI. -j to 2 feet?
* * Species natives of Asia.
80 V. LESCHENAU'LTII (D. C. mem. vii. prod. 4. p. 640.)
radical leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, crenated, hairy on both
surfaces ; stems erect, simple, glabrous between the joints, but
the joints are pilose ; cauline leaves remote, small, sessile : up-
per ones pinnately divided into 3-5 linear glabrous lobes, the
terminal lobe the longest ; corymbs contracted ; fruit villous.
If. . F. Native of the East Indies, on the mountains of Ani-
gueda, where it was collected by Leschenault. Stem 2 feet
high. Radical leaves with the petioles, hardly 2 inches long.
Habit of V. dioica.
Leschenault' s Valerian. PI. 2 feet.
81 V. RE'PENS (Wall. cat. no. 434.) the whole plant is
VALERIANEjE. IX. VALERIANA.
679
roughish from short hairs ; stems striated, with the lower joints
or knees radicant ; lower leaves undivided, toothed, acumi-
nated, on long petioles, heart-shaped ; upper ones on short pe-
tioles, ternate ; lateral leaflets small, terminal one larger, ovate
or oblong, acuminated ; panicle terminal, with short opposite
branches, which are corymbose at the apex. If, . F. Native of
. Nipaul, at Gosaingsthan. Trunk of root slender, creeping, and
throwing out fibres.
Creeping Valerian. PL creeping, 1 foot.
82 V. WALLI'CHII (D. C. coll. mem. vii. t. 4. prod. 4. p.
640.) radical leaves petiolate, heart-shaped, a little crenated,
villous, but most so on the petioles ; stems erect, striat-
ed, simple, smoothish; cauline leaves distant, small, cut a
little at the base ; upper leaves linear, entire ; corymbs subum-
bellate ; fruit villous. If. F. Native of Nipaul, at Kamaon.
V. vil!6sa, Wall. herb, but not of Thunb. Stems villous at the
knees. Herb 8-10 inches high. Petioles beset with retrograde
villi.
Wallich's Valerian. PI. | to 1 foot.
83 V. ELA'TA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 15 9.) stem branched,
terete, smooth ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, quite entire,
downy ; flowers corymbosely panicled ; fruit with villous fur-
rows. I/ . F. Native of Nipaul. Root fibrous. Stem erect,
branched, 3-4 feet in length. Flowers small, rose-coloured,
triandrous.
Tall Valerian. PL 3 to 4 feet.
84 V. HARDWI'CKII (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 166.) plant
erect, downy ; stems striated, villous ; radical leaves numerous,
undivided, cordate, toothed, acute, unequally sinuated, on long
petioles ; cauline leaves sessile, remote, pinnate ; leaflets lan-
ceolate, crenated, villous ; corymbs at length elongated and
panicled ; peduncles dichotomous ; stamens inclosed ; fruit tetra-
gonal, hairy ; stigma 3-lobed. I/ . F. Native of Nipaul, and
near the town of Sirinagur, where it is called by the Nawarre
people chamaha-swa. Hardw. in asiat. res. 4. p. 350. with a
figure. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 159. Wall. pi. rar. asiat.
3. t. 263. Val. Hardwickiana, Roam, et Schultes, mant. 1. p.
259. Root thick, short, furnished with long thickish fibres.
Stem fistular, branched, very variable in height, from a hand to
2-3 feet. Hairs on the leaves very short. Flowers white.
Spikenard, Jones, asiat. res. 2. p. 405. with a figure. The
root is strong scented like the common valerian, and is used
medicinally by the natives of Nipaul.
Hardreick's Valerian. PL \ to 3 feet.
85 V. TE'NERA (Wall. cat. no. 435.) plant smoothish, erect ;
stem striated, villous at the knees, the rest glabrous ; radical
leaves small, reniform, on long petioles : cauline leaves pinnate ;
leaflets lanceolate, almost entire, acuminated ; corymbs con-
tracted. If. . F. Native of Nipaul, at Kamaon. Herb 5-6
inches high. Leaves downy on the margins and petioles. This
is probably only a dwarf variety of V. Hardntckii.
Tender Valerian. PL 1 foot.
86 V. SISYMBRIIFOLIA (Desf. choix. Tourn. p. 53. t. 41. ann.
mus. 11. p. 273. t. 28.) plant glabrous, erect; stem finely
striated; leaves all pinnate; leaflets ovate-roundish, quite entire;
corymbs densely contracted, If . w. H. Native of Armenia,
Caucasus, Iberia, and the Levant ; and on the mountains in the
island of Cois. Dufr. val. p. 42. V. cardamines, Bieb. fl. taur.
1. p. 24. ex Stev. obs. p. 67. Flowers red.
Sisymbrium-leaved Valerian. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824.
PL 1 foot.
87 V. PETROPHILA (Bunge, Led. fl. ross. ill. t. 19. fl. alt. 1.
p. 54.) leaves all lyrately pinnate-parted : the terminal segment
the largest, oblong, all quite entire and obtuse ; stems sim-
ple ; flowers verticillately subracemose. If . H. Native of
Siberia, in rough stony places on the tops of Alps at the river
Tschuja, against the mouth of the river Tschegan. Root
with long thick yellowish white fibres, emitting sarmenta. Leaves
glabrous, rather fleshy, the primary ones simple or auricled.
Flowers disposed in whorles of threes. Pappus of fruit grey-
ish violet.
Rock-loving Valerian. PL J to ^ foot.
88 V. ALTERNiFbLiA (Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 52.) cauline leaves
alternate, pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate-linear, downy beneath as
well as on the stem; flowers corymbose. Tf.. H. Native of
Siberia, near the city of Irkutzk. Stem erect, simple. Radical
leaves wanting in the specimen examined. Upper cauline leaves
sessile, but the petioles become gradually elongated to the base.
Genitals exserted. Corolla 5 -parted, cleft longitudinally.
Alternate-leaved Valerian. PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
89 V. DIOSCORIDIS (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 33.) plant
glabrous, erect ; lower leaves lyrately pinnate, with ovate toothed
leaflets : the terminal one large ; upper leaves with equal lan-
ceolate toothed leaflets ; cymes crowded, panicled ; peduncles
dichotomous. 1£. H. Native of Lycia. Roots tuberous.
Flowers pale red.
Dioscorides' Valerian. PL 2 feet.
* * * Species natives of Europe.
90 V. SAMBUCIFOLIA (Mikan, in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 1.
p. 351.) stems erect, striated, glabrous, pilose at the joints;
leaves all pinnate ; leaflets 4-5 pairs and an odd one : those of
the lower leaves ovate, and coarsely toothed, of the superior
ones oblong-lanceolate, toothed, and rather decurrent ; panicles
thyrsoid. I/. H. Native of Germany. Link, enum. hort.
berol. 1. p. 63. V. altissima, Horn. ? This is a larger plant in
all its parts than V. qfficinalis, and does not change by culture.
Flowers pink.
Elder-leaved Valerian. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819. PI. 2
to 4 feet.
91 V. OFFICINA'LIS (Lin. spec. p. 45.) plant smoothish, erect;
stems furrowed ; leaves all or nearly all pinnate, with 7-8 pairs
of lanceolate serrated leaflets, and an odd one ; corymbs at
length panicled ; fruit glabrous. If. . H. Native of Europe
and Caucasus, in humid places, and about the banks of pools
and rivers ; plentiful in Britain. Dufr. val, p. 40. D. C. fl. fr.
no. 3315. Blackw. herb. t. 171. Woodv. med. hot. t. 96.
Heyne, arz. gew. 3. t. 32. Curt. lond. 6. t. 3. Sowerb. engl.
hot. 698. Oed. fl. dan. t. 570. V. sylvestris, Dodon. pempt.
349. f. 2. Phu, Column, phyt. 114. Phil Germanicum, Fusch.
hisl. p. 857. This is a very common and a very variable plant,
having the stem from 2 to 4 feet high, glabrous or pilose : the
lower leaves almost undivided, or all pinnate, with the leaflets
broader or narrower, and more or less decurrent, most often
toothed, very rarely quite entire, shining or opaque ; corymbs
contracted or loose ; but all these variations are hardly consi-
dered varieties. V. lucida, Hort. par. V. exc61sa, Poir. diet.
7. p. 301. V. altissima, Mikan in Bess. enum. p. 4. V. repens,
Host, austr. 1. p. 35. are only varieties of V. officinalis. Root
composed of long slender fleshy fibres, uniting into a head, and
sending out long fleshy creeping shoots from the crown. Leaves
bearded at the base on the under side. Flowers pale red, hav-
ing a singular odour. Pappus of seeds 12-rayed, purplish. In
high dry pasture heaths and woods, the plant becomes smaller
and more hairy, with the leaves narrower, and the roots more
highly aromatic and less nauseous.
The roots have a strong, and to most people a disagreeable
smell ; its taste is warm, bitterish, and subacrid, communicating
its properties to wine, water, and spirit ; but it is best in sub-
stance, and may be taken from half a drachm to 2 drachms to a
dose. There is no doubt of its possessing antispasmodic virtues
in an eminent degree. It is often prescribed with advantage in
680
VALERIANEJE. IX. VALERIANA. X. BETCKEA. XI. TRIPLOSTEGIA. DIPSACE.E.
hysterical cases ; and instances are not wanting where it appears
to have removed some obstinate epilepsies. In habitual costive-
ness it is an excellent medicine. The unpleasant flavour of
valerian is best concealed by a small addition of mace. A tinc-
ture of the root in proof spirit, and in volatile spirit, is ordered
in the London Pharmacopaeia. Dr. Cullen says, that if it has
sometimes failed, it is from the disease depending upon different
causes, or the root being frequently employed in an improper
condition, or in doses not large enough. — It is well known that
cats are much delighted with the roots. Dr. Stokes informs us,
that rats are equally fond of them, and that rat-catchers employ
them to draw the rats together.
Officinal Valerian. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. 1 to 4 ft.
92 V. SITCHE'NSIS (Bongard, in mem. acad. imp. Petersb. 2.
p. 145.) stem erect, glabrous, but pilose at the nodi ; lower
leaves ternate : superior ones pinnate, with 2 pairs of ovate,
acuminated, coarsely toothed segments or leaflets; corymbs
dense, contracted. I/. H. Native of the island of Sitcha,
where the roots are used by the natives as a precious medicine.
Very nearly allied to V. sambucifolia and V. officinalis.
Sitcha Valerian. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
93 V. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Tausch. ex Host, fl. austr. 1. p. 36.
but not of Cav.) plant downy, erect ; stems furrowed ; leaves
pinnate ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, obtuse, ciliated, quite entire,
the 3 terminal ones confluent, y.. H. Native of Bohemia,
on hills and mountains. Flowers rose-coloured. Root like that
of V. officinalis.
Narrow-leaved Valerian. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
* * * * A species native of the Cape of Good Hope.
94 V. CAPE'NSIS (Thunb. prod. p. 7. fl. cap. p. 33.) plant
glabrous, erect ; stem striated ; leaves pinnate ; segments or
lobes alternate ? ovate-toothed, acute, the odd one the largest ;
corymbs panicled. I/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope,
in valleys on the mountains. Habit of V. officinalis, but differs
from it in the shorter lobes of the leaves. The roots are used
in the same way as V. officinalis. Stem pilose at the joints.
Cape Valerian. PI. 1 foot.
f Species not sufficiently known.
95 V. LEUCOPH.E'A (D. C. prod. 4. p. 641.) V. orientalis mi-
nima flore leucophsea, Tourn. cor. p. 6. Allied to V. tuberosa,
ex Stev. obs. p. 67. but the bracteas are long and distant.
Flowers dusky.
Dusky-flovtered Valerian. PL 1 foot.
96 V. ANGUSTILOBA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 641.) V. orientalis
angustifolia, floribus et radice Valerianse hortensis, Tour. cor.
p. 6. This plant is nearly allied to V. officinalis, but differs in
the narrower leaves.
Ararro)B-fofeed-leaved Valerian. PL 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. All the hardy species thrive well in any common gar-
den soil, and are easily increased by dividing at the root. Many
of them are very ornamental border-flowers. The tender kinds,
or those from warmer climates, should be grown in pots, in a
mixture of peat, sand, and loam, so that they may be protected
in winter by placing them in a frame or green-house.
X. BE'TCKEA (named after M. Betcke, who has described
many species of Valerianella). D. C. coll. mem. vii. prod. 4
p. 642.
LIN. SYST. Tridndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx 1 -toothed,
deciduous. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-lobed. Stamens S. Fruit
1 -celled, triquetrous, naked at the apex. Seed 1, conforming to
the fruit, and filling the cell. — Glabrous, annual, simple, erect
herbs. Leaves undivided. Flowers small, white. Habit of a
species of Valerianella.
1 B. SAMOLIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 642.) lower leaves obo-
vate-oblong : upper ones ovate-roundish, sessile, stem-clasping ;
cymes small, on short peduncles in the axils of the leaves ;
bracteas oblong. Q. H. Native of Chili, in mountain pastures
near La Punta de Cortes, and about Valparaiso and Conception.
Valeriana seu Fedia samolifolia, Bert, in litt. 1829. and in bull,
sc. 1830. p. 111. Habit of Samblus or Claytbnia.
*Samolus-leaved Betckea. PL -j foot. ?
2 B. ? GILLIE'SII (Hook, et Am. in hot. misc. 3. p. 366.)
plant quite glabrous ; root tufted, woody ; radical leaves round-
ish-elliptic, almost 3 times shorter than the petioles, quite entire;
scapes about equal in length to the leaves ; flowers in crowded
heads; fruit glabrous, lanceolate, angular; limb of calyx short,
urceolate. — Native of Chili, in clefts of rocks near La Casa de
Piedro, and the Andes of Mendosa, forming dense masses. B.
samolifolia, Gill, but not of D. C. There is on the scape usually
one pair of floral leaves : from the axil of each arises a head of
flowers, in addition to the terminal one ; and these three heads
are often so close as to appear like one. This is probably not a
species of Belckea ; its fruit is not triquetrous, nor is the limb
of the calyx 1 -toothed and deciduous; but the fruit is still 1-
seeded.
Gillies's Betckea. PL | foot.
Cult. The seeds will only require to be sown in the open
ground in May, in a sheltered situation.
XI. TRIPLOSTE'GIA (rpin-Xooc, triploos, triple, and art-yog,
stegos, a covering ; the flowers are clothed by 3 coverings, a
double involucrum and the calyx). Wall. cat. no. 436. D. C.
coll. mem. vii. prod. 4. p. 642.
LIN. SYST. Tridndria, Monogynia. Flowers covered by a
triple tegument, a double involucrum, and the calyx. Outer in-
volucrum 4-parted and 4-keeled : inner one tubular, 8-toothed,
and 8-ribbed. Calyx adhering to the ovarium, with a small 4-
toothed limb. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5 -cleft, not gibbous at
the base, nor spurred. Stamens 3, rising from the base of the
tube; anthers a little exserted. Stigma capitate. Utriculus 1-
seeded, beaked, covered by the double involucrum, and crowned
by the teeth of the calyx, downy. — An Indian herb. Root long,
fibry, scentless. Stems obsoletely 4-furrowed, simple or spar-
ingly branched, bearing longish articulated hairs towards the top,
which are tipped with glands. Leaves approximate at the base
of the stem, oval-lanceolate, toothed, pinnatifid, downy above,
and rather villous beneath, petiolate ; cauline leaves few, pin-
natifid, small. Corymbs or panicles clothed with glandular
down. Flowers small, by threes, downy.
1 T. GLANDULIFERA (Wall. 1. c.) I/. H. Native of Nipaul,
on mountains about Gosaingsthan, growing along with Nardo-
stachys.
Gland- bearing Triplostegia. PL ^ to 2 feet.
Cult. This plant should be grown in a pot, in a mixture of
loam, peat, and sand, and placed among other alpine plants. It
may be propagated by dividing at the root, or by seed.
ORDER CXXXII. DIPSA'CE^E (the plants contained in this
order agree with the genus Dipsacus in several important cha-
racters). Vaill. mem. acad. par. 1722. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 221.
Coult. dips. diss. 4to. geneva, 1823. et emend, ined. in litt.
1824. D. C. prod. 4. p. 643. — Dipsacearum genera, Juss. and
Adans.
Tube of calyx closely girding the ovarium (f. 118. d.\
Limb of calyx variable, short or elongated, entire (f. 117. g.),
toothed, or ending in numerous variable bristles (f. 118. rf.)
which are usually plumose, and pappus- formed. Corolla gamo-
DIPSACE/E. I. MORINA.
681
petalous (f. 117. f. f. 118. e.), inserted in the top of the tube,
rarely ringent, but usually unequal (f. 117. f. f. 118. e.}, 4-5-
cleft. Stamens 4 (f. 118.y.), inserted in the tube of the corolla,
and alternating with its lobes, nearly always distinct and free ;
anthers 2-celled. Style filiform (f. 1 1 8. g.) ; stigma simple, longi-
tudinal or subcapitate. Fruit indehiscent, membranous or sub-
nucumentaceous (f. 118. /(. f. 117. c.), crowned by the limb of the
calyx (f. 117. L f. 118. i.), 1-celled, 1-seeded, usually covered
by the involucel (f. 1 1 7. g.) Seed pendulous in the fruit ; albumen
fleshy. Embryo straight, with a superior radicle. — -Herbs or
subshrubs. Leaves opposite, rarely verticillate, very variable in
form, and even so in the same individual, the radical and cauline
ones being very different. Flowers in dense heads, girded by
involucra, very rarely in whorles. Involucel calyciform, girding
the flower.
This order was formerly joined with Valenanece, but is rea-
dily distinguished from it, by the whole habit, by the flowers
being in involucrated heads, and the single flowers being involu-
cellate; by the fruit being constantly 1-celled and 1-seeded, in
the stamens being always 4 in number, by the stigmas being
simple, and by the seeds being albuminous. In this latter respect
it agrees with the order Calycerece, but is distinguished from it
in the embryo being erect, not inverted, and in the anthers being
free, not combined into a tube. It agrees also with Composites,
from which it differs in its distinct stamens, and its pendulous
albuminous seeds. What is called the involucel is a curious
organ, resembling an external calyx, and is to each particular
flower in the head of Dipsacece, what the partial involucrum of
Composites is to each umbellule. In several species of Scabiosa
the ovarium is entirely united with the tube of the calyx. Mr.
Brown remarks, that the base of the style coheres with the nar-
row apex of the tube of the calyx, even in those plants of the
order in which the dilated part of the tube is entirely distinct from
the ovarium. This kind of partial cohesion between pistillum and
calyx is directly opposite to what usually takes place, namely, the
base of the ovarium being coherent, while its upper is distinct.
It equally, however, determines the apparent origin or insertion
of the corolla and stamina, producing the unexpected combina-
tion of flos superus with ovarium liberum. The order also
agrees in many respects with Nyctaginece and Globulannece.
The plants contained in this order have almost the habit of
Composite ; all have the flowers growing in heads. Many of
them are elegant border-flowers, and are cultivated with great
facility. Some of the species of Scabiosa have been employed
as diaphoretic and anti-syphilitic, but are now neglected.
Synopsis of the genera.
TRIBE I.
MORINE^E. Corolla ringent. Stamens 4, combined by tnios,
or didynamous. Flowers verticillate, bracteated.
1 MOR!NA. Involucrum 1-leaved, campanulate, with spiny-
toothed edges. Calyx with an ovate tube, and a foliaceous bifid
limb. Corolla long, tubular.
TRIBE II.
ScABi6sE«. Corolla 4-5-cleft (f. 118. e.), not ringent. Sta-
VOL. III.
mens 4-5 (f. 1 18./.), free, nearly equal. Flowers aggregate upon
a receptacle (f. 118. c.), the heads involucrated by a general iu-
volucrum, and each flower girded by a calyciform involucel
(f. 117.fr)-
2 DI'PSACUS. Involucrum of many leaves, much longer than
the paleae among the flowers, which are foliaceous. Corolla 4-
cleft. Stamens 4. Fruit crowned by the subtetragonal limb of
the calyx, inclosed within the involucel.
3 CEPHALAVRIA. Involucrum of many imbricated leaves,
which are shorter than the paleae (f. 116, a). Involucel ter-
minated by a 4-8-toothed crown. Corolla 4-cleft (f. 116. c.).
Stamens 4. Fruit tetragonal, crowned by the limb of the calyx,
and inclosed within the involucel.
4 KNAU'TIA. Involucrum of many leaves. Paleae none.
Receptacles hairy. Involucel girding the fruit, denticulated at
the apex. Limb of calyx cup-shaped. Corolla 4-5-cleft. Sta-
mens 4.
5 PTEROCE'PHALUS. Involucrum double, each series of 4-6
leaves. Receptacle villous or chaffy. Involucel toothed (f. 117.
h.) or awned. Limb of calyx ending in feathery bristles (f. 117. i.
f. 118. i.). Corolla 5-cleft. Stamens 4, rarely 2-3.
6 SCABIOSA. Involucrum of many leaves. Receptacle chaffy.
Involucels usually subcylindrical. Limb of calyx attenuated into
a neck at the base, and ending in 5 awned bristles. Corolla
4-5-cleft. Stamens 4.
Tribe I.
MORTNEjE (this tribe only contains the genus Marina}.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 644. Corolla ringent. Stamens 4, didyna-
mous, or combined by twos. Flowers verticillate, bracteate.
I. MORIVNA (so named by Tournefort after Louis Morin,
M. D. member of the Academy of Sciences at Paris, who first
raised it from seed in his garden at the Abbey of St. Victor.
He gave lectures on botany in the Jardin du Roi, Paris, in place
of Tournefort, while he was in the Levant). Tourn. cor. p. 48.
Lin. gen. no. 41. Lam. ill. 21. Coult.dips p. 21. D.C. prod. 4.
p. 644. — Diototheca,Vaill. mem. acad. par. 1722. but not of Rafin.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Involucel 1-leaved, tubu-
larly campanulate, destitute of foveolae, with spinosely-toothed
margins. Tube of calyx ovate : limb foliaceous, bifid : lobes
oblong, entire or bifid. Corolla long, tubular, ringent. Sta-
mens 4, sometimes free, didynamous, and sometimes joined
together by pairs, diadelphous. Stigma peltately capitate.
Fruit crowned by the lobes of the calyx, and girded by the in-
volucel.— Perennial, simple, erect herbs, with the habit of C'dr-
duus. Leaves oblong, sinuated, dentately spinose, rarely quite;
entire. Flowers crowded in whorles in the axils of the superior
leaves. Floral leaves shorter, almost palmately spiny-toothed.
SECT. I. DIOTOCA'LYX (from &c, dis, twice, and ovc WT-OC, ous
otos, an ear, and k-aXv£, kalyx, a calyx ; in reference to the limb
of the calyx being of 2 lobes). D. C. prod. 4. p. 644. Leaves
sinuated and spinosely toothed. Lobes of calyx 2, oblong, more
or less emarginate at the apex, unarmed. Stamens combined
by twos, perhaps in all the species.
1 M. PE'RSICA (Lin. spec. p. 39.) leaves pinnate-parted :
lobes ending in long hard spines ; floral leaves and corollas vil-
lous : lobes of calyx retuse, slightly emarginate. Tf. . F. Na-
tive of Persia about Ispahan, Syria, Asia Minor, and on Mount
Parnassus, Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. t. 28. Coult. dips. 21. t. 1.
f. 1. M. orientulis carlinsefolia, Tourn. voy. 2. p. 282. with a
4S
682
DIPSACEjE. I. MORINA. II. DIPSACUS.
figure. M. orientalis, Mill. M. verticillata, Mocnch. suppl.
Flowers white and reddish on the same plant. Stamens joined
from the base to the anthers by twos.
Persian Morina. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1740. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
2 M. LONGIFOLIA (Wall. cat. no. 426. D. C. prod. 4. p. 644.)
leaves sinuately pinnatifid, and somewhat spiny-ciliated ; floral
leaves rather villous ; lobes of calyx emarginate. Tf.. F. Na-
tive of Nipaul, at Gosaingsthan. Stem terete, not furrowed.
Leaves of the consistence and form of those of Cirsium olera-
ccum, almost a foot long, and hardly an inch broad. Spikes of
flowers interrupted at the base. Floral leaves ovate-lanceolate.
Lobes of calyx as in M. Perslca, but more emarginate. Corolla
and genitals unknown.
Long-leaved Morina. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
3 M. I-OLYPIIY'LLA (Wall. cat. no. 425. D. C. prod. 4. p.
644.) leaves pinnatifid : lobes spinosely toothed ; floral leaves
rather villous, elongated, stiffly spinose ; lobes of calyx deeply
divided. !{.. F. Native of Nipaul, at Gosaingsthan. Inter-
mediate between M. Perslca and M. longifolia, but is distin-
guished from them in the leaves being more elongated and acu-
minated, and in the lobes of the calyx being bifid beyond the
middle. Corolla and genitals unknown.
Many-leaved Morina. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
SECT. II. ACANTHOCALYX (from aicavdos, acanthos, a spine,
and Ka\v£,, kalyx, a calyx ; in reference to the limb of the calyx
being spiny-toothed). D. C. prod. 4. p. 645. Leaves quite
entire, except the floral ones, which are a little spiny-toothed.
Limb of calyx oblique, irregularly spiny-toothed. Stamens 4,
distinct, didynamous.
4 M. NA'NA(\Vall. cat. no. 424. D. C. prod. 4. p. 645.) cau-
line leaves quite entire : floral ones bearing spines at the base ;
involucel 1 -leaved, ciliated by spines ; limb of calyx oblique,
irregularly spiny-toothed. I/ . F. Native of Nipaul, at Go-
saingsthan. M. Nipaulensis, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. prod. 161.
Stem vilious at top, as well as the young leaves. Flowers red.
Corollas villous outside, 3 times longer than the calyx.
Dwarf Morina. PI. -j to 1 foot.
Cult. The species of Morina thrive best in a light rich soil ;
and may be increased by dividing at the root, or by seed.
Tribe II.
SCABIO'SE-iE (this tribe contains plants agreeing with Sca-
bibsa in having capitate flowers). D. C. prod. 4. p. 645. —
Dipsacece, Wallr. sched. crit. p. 41. Corolla 4-5-cleft (f. 1 17. f.
f. 118. /.), not ringent. Stamens 4-5, free (f. 118. /.), nearly
equal. Flowers crowded in heads upon receptacles, each head
girded by a general involucrum (f. 117. a.), with usually distinct
paleas on the lower side, and each flower girded by a calyciform
involucel (f. 117. e. f. 118. d.).
II. DI'PSACUS (said to be from Si\^aia, dipsao, to thirst ; pro-
bably in consequence of the connate leaves holding water : Sufja-
KOC, dipsakos, is also the Greek name for the disease called dia-
betes, which is always accompanied by great thirst). Tourn.
inst. t. 265. Lin. gen. 114. Gaertn. fruct. 2. t. 86. Coult. dips,
p. 21. f. 2-4. Wallr. sched. crit. p. 49.
LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Involucrum of the head
of flowers of many leaves, longer than the paleae. Paleae on the
receptacle acuminated, rather foliaceous. Involucel tetrandrous,
8-furrowed. Limb of calyx somewhat cyathiform or discoid.
Corolla 4-cleft. Stamens 4. Stigma longitudinal. Fruit crowned
by the subtetragonal limb of the calyx, and inclosed within the
involucel.— Erect, pilose, or prickly biennial herbs. Leaves
opposite, usually connate at the base, toothed or jagged. Heads
of flowers terminal, oblong-ovate or roundish. Corolla lilac-
coloured, yellow, or white.
1 D. SYLVE'STRIS (Mill. diet. no. 2.) stem prickly; leaves
connate at the base, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, toothed ;
leaves of involucrum inflexed, weak, longer than the heads of
flowers ; palese of heads straight, linear-lanceolate, setaceous,
bent ; involucel not drawn out beyond the furrows. $ . H.
Native of Europe and Siberia, frequent ; plentiful in some parts
of Britain, about hedges and by road sides. Jacq. fl. austr. t.
402. Oed. fl. dan. t. 965. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1032. Curt. lond.
3. t. 9. D. sylvestris a, Coult. dips. p. 22. D. vulgaris, Gmel.
fl. bad. 1. p. 312. D. fullonum, Thor. chlor. land. p. 36. Poll,
pal. no. 137. D. purpdreus, Fuschs. hist. 225. Flowers bluish-
purple, first breaking forth about the middle of the head. Heads
of flowers ovate-oblong. The water contained in the basin
formed by the leaves is said to cure warts on the hands, and to
serve as a beauty-wash for the face ; hence Ray conjectures it
had its name, Labrum Veneris.
Var. ft, pdllidus (Bess, in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 41.)
leaves of involucrum shorter, hardly ascending. $ . H. Na-
tive of Galicia, &c.
Wild Teazle. Fl. July. Britain. PI. 6 feet.
2 D. LACINIA^TUS (Lin. spec. p. 141.) stem prickly; leaves
connate at the base, sinuately jagged, and the lobes sinuately
toothed ; leaves of involucrum erectish, stiffish, usually shorter
than the head, which is ovate; paleae straight, linear-subulate;
involucel not drawn out beyond the furrows. $ . H. Native
of Europe and Siberia, in hedges and ditches, as of Germanv,
France, Alsace, Austria, Caucasus, &c. Jacq. fl. austr. 5. t.
403. D. sylvestris, var. y, Coult. dips. p. 22. Leaves downy
beneath. Corollas whitish ; anthers reddish.
Var. ft, comosus (D. C. prod. 4. p. 645.) leaves ofinvolucra
very narrow, longer than the heads. $ . H. Native of the
south of Europe. D. comosus, Hoffm. et Link. fl. port. 2. p.
81. D. laciniatus, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 147. D. sylvestris S,
Coult. 1. c.
Jagged-leaved Teazle. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1683. PI. 3 to 5 ft.
3 D. DIVARICA'TUS (Presl. fl. sic. p. 57. del. prag. 117.) stem
prickly ; radical leaves oblong, rather lyrate, ciliated : cauline
ones interruptedly pinnatifid : lobes divaricate, pinnatifid at the
base ; leaves of involucrum shorter than the head, which is
ovate, ; paleae spinescent, arched ; involucels unknown. $ .
H. Native of Sicily, on the edges of fields. Guss. prod. 1 . p.
157. D. laciniatus, Ucria, hort. pan. p. 66. ?
Divaricate Teazle. PI. 3 to 5 feet.
4 D. FULLONUM (Mill. diet. no. 1.) stem prickly; leaves
connate at the base, oblong-lanceolate, serrated : upper ones
entire ; leaves ofinvolucra spreadingly reflexed, shorter than the
heads, which are cylindrical ; palese stiff, recurved ; involucel
not drawn out beyond the furrows. $ . H. Native of the
south of Europe, where it is said to grow spontaneously in fields.
It is said to be a native of England ; but scarcely wild. Plenck.
off. t. 50. Sowerb. engl. bot. 2080. Hayn. term. bot. t. 41. f. 8.
Coult. dips. p. 22. D. sativus, Gmel. fl. bad. 1 . p. 314. D. ful-
lonum />, Lin. spec. p. 140. D. sylvestris e, Coult. in litt. 1824.
— Lob. icon. 2. p. 17. with a figure. Flowers whitish, with pale
purple anthers. This and the three preceding have been com-
bined by Coulter.
Fullers' Thistle or Teazle is called Chardon afoullon in French,
Kardendistcl in German, and Cardencha in Spanish ; Dipsaco
in Italian: is a biennial plant from 4 to 6 feet high, prickly and
rough in the stem and leaves, and terminated by rough bur-like
heads of flowers. It is cultivated in Essex and the West of
England, for raising the nap upon woollen cloths, by means of
the crooked paleae upon the heads. For this purpose they are
fixed round the circumference of a cylinder, which is made to
turn round, and the cloth is held against them. There are no
varieties of the cultivated Teazle, but the wild species is not
1
DIPSACE^E. II. DIPSACUS.
683
materially different, and may be used in its stead, though its chaff
is not quite so rigid.
The soils on which the Teazle grows the strongest are deep
loamy clays, not over rich. The situation should be rather ele-
vated, airy, and exposed to the south. In the rotation, it may
occupy the place of a green and corn-crop, as the first year the
plants are treated like turnips, and the second the crop is
ripened. The soil should be ploughed deep, and well commi-
nuted by cross ploughings or stirrings with pronged implements.
The sowing season is the beginning of April ; the quantity of
seed is from 1 to 2 pecks per acre, and in quality it should be
fresh and plump. The mode of sowing is almost always broad-
cast, but no crop is better adapted for being grown in drills, as
the plants require hoeing and thinning. The drills may be either
sown on ridgelets or a flat surface, in the manner of turnips, or
by ribbing. The distance between the rows may be from 18
inches to 2 feet. In Essex, carraway is commonly sown with
the teazle crop, but this is reckoned a bad plan.
The after culture of this crop consists the first year in hoeing
and stirring the soil, and in thinning out the plants to the dis-
tance of 1 foot every way, if sown broad-cast, or to the distance
of 6 inches, if sown in rows. Vacancies may be filled up by
transplanting ; and a separate plantation may be made with the
thinnings, but these never attain the same vigour as seedlings.
The culture the second year consists also of hoeing, stirring, and
weeding, till the plants begin to root. When the teazle is grown
broad-cast, the intervals between the plants are dug by means of
spades which have long narrow blades, about the length of 1 6 or 1 7
inches, and not more than about 4 inches in breadth. With these
the land is usually worked over in the intervals of the plants, three
or four times during the summer months ; and in the course of the
following winter, as about the latter end of February, the land
between the plants is to be again worked over by the narrow
spades, care being taken that none of the mould falls into the
hearts of the plants ; and again, about the middle of May, when
they begin to spindle, another digging over is given, the earth
being raised round the root-stems of the plants, in order to sup-
port and prevent them from being blown down by the wind.
Some cultivators perform more frequent diggings, that the
ground may be rendered cleaner and more mellow ; consequently
the growth of the plants will be more effectually promoted.
The business in Essex has usually the name of spaddling, and is
executed with great despatch by labourers that are accustomed
to perform it.
The talcing of the Teazle crop, when no regard is had for
seed, commences about the middle of July, when the blossoms
begin to fall from the heads. It is the best method to have
the heads cut as they become ripe ; but the work is usually
executed at three different times, at the distance of ten days
or a fortnight from each other. It is performed by means of
a knife, contrived for the purpose, and a string attached to the
haft. This last is done in order that it may be hung over the
hand. A pair of strong gloves are also necessary. Thus pre-
pared, the labourer cuts off the ripe heads along the rows or
lines, with about 9 inches of stem, and ties them up in handsfull,
with the stem of one that is more perfectly ripened. And on
the evening of the day on which they are cut, they should be put
into a dry shed ; and when the weather is fine, and the air clear,
they should be taken out and exposed to the sun daily, till they
become perfectly dry. Much care must, however, be taken that
no rain falls upon them. In doing this, some make use of long
small stakes or poles, on which these handsfull are hung during
the time of their preparation.
As soon as they are completely dried, they should be laid up in
a dry room, in a close manner, till they are become tough, and
of a bright colour, and ready for use. They should then be
sorted or separated into three different kinds, by opening each
of the small bundles. These are distinguished into kings, mid-
dlings, and scrubs, according to their different qualities. They
are afterwards, the author of " The Somerset Report" says,
made into packs, which, of the first sort, contain 9000 heads,
but of the second, 20,000 ; the third is a sort of very inferior
value. By some, before forming them into packs, they are done
up into what are termed staves, by means of split sticks, when
they are ready for sale.
The produce of Teazle varies from 10 to 1 5 packs per acre ;
nine packs of kings, nineteen of middlings, and two of scrubs,
are reckoned a large crop, with a great bulk of haulm. Often,
however, the crop fails.
The use of the heads of the Teazle has been already men-
tioned. The haulm is of no use but for burning as manure.
Parkinson observes, that this is a sort of crop that may be groun
to advantage on many lands ; in rotation, as a fallow to pre-
pare for wheat ; and by burning the straw and refuse stuff after
the crop is reaped, it will be found not to impoverish, but rather
to improve the land. In their young state, the teazle plants
stand the winter without danger, and are a good crop for clearing
land of all weeds, from their lateness in the process of hoeing,
there being few weeds at so advanced a season ; on all these
accounts they become an advantageous crop for the farmer.
To save seed, leave a few of the very best plants uncropped,
and then, when the seed is ripe, cut off only the largest and
terminating heads, from which the seed is easily separated by
beating with flails, and cleaned by a winnowing machine or a
sieve.
The chief injuries to which the Teazle is liable are those
effected by the fly and slug in its infant state.
Fullers' Teazle. Fl. July. Britain. PI. 6 feet.
5 D. SINUA'TUS (VVilld. mss. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p.
519.) leaves pinnatifidly sinuated : segments laciniately toothed.
$. H. Native of Persia, on the alps in the province of Ghi-
lan. Coult. dips. no. 22.
Sinuated-leaved Teazle. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
6 D. FE'ROX (Lois. fl. gall. p. 719. t. 3.) stem and leaves
echinated from prickles ; leaves connate at the base : radical
ones sinuated : middle ones pinnatifid : upper ones entire ;
leaves of involucra spreading, a little longer than the heads,
which are ovate ; paleae subulate, straight, stiff; involucel drawn
out bevond the furrows into a short membrane. $ . H. Native
of Corsica and Sardinia, on the edges of fields. Said to grow in
plenty in Austria, Bohemia, and Moravia. Tratt. tab. t. 235.
D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 486. Coult. dips. p. 23. Flowers white
or pale red. The central head of flowers is usually cylindrical,
and the lateral ones roundish.
Fierce Teazle. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. 3 to 4 ft.
7 D. GMELINI (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 92.) stem prickly; leaves
sessile : lower ones undivided or cut : superior ones pinnate-
parted, with oblong acute segments ; leaves of involucra de-
flexed, incurved, weak, shorter than the heads, which are ovate, or
nearly globose ; paleae membranous, acuminately awned, straight ;
involucel drawn out beyond the furrows into a membranous
crown. $ . H. Native of Tauria, at Kuma, about the ruins of
Maschar, but rare, ex Steven ; at the river Don, ex Golb. ; and
of Siberia, about the Irtish, ex Gmel. sib. 2. p. 209. ; and of the
Kirghisean Steppe, between Bucktorminsk and Lake Noor Saisan,
ex Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 127. Coult. dips. p. 23. D. laciniatus,
Falck. top. beytr. 2. no. 140. Corollas blue.
Gmelin's Teazle. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 3 feet.
8 D. STRIGOSUS (Willd. mss. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p.
520.) leaves toothed and entire, appendiculated : upper ones
jagged at the base, ciliated; involucra twice the length of the
paleae ; paleae setaceous, twice the length of the flowers. $ .
4 s 2
G81
DIPSACEjE. II. DIPSACUS. III. CEPHALARIA.
H. Native of Persia, in the province of Ghilan. Coult. dips.
p. 23. Said to be allied to the following.
Strigose Teazle. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
9 D. FIIOSUS (Lin. hort. ups. p. 25.) stem prickly, glabrous;
prickles hair-formed under the head ; leaves glabrous, petiolate,
ovate, toothed, auricled at the top of the petioles ; leaves of in-
volucra deflexed, shorter than the heads, which are globose, but
hardly exceeding the paleae, which are linear-subulate and pilose ;
involucel not drawn out beyond the furrows. $ . H. Native
nearly throughout the whole of Europe, in woods and hedges ;
Caucasus, in Alpine places. In England, in moist shady places
on a chalky or lime-stone soil. Oed. fl. dan. t. 1448. Jacq. fl.
austr. t. 248. Smith, engl. bot. t. 877. Coult. dips. 23. Curt,
lond. t. 10. Cephalaria appendiculata, Schrad. cat. sem. gcett.
1814. Paleae ciliated. Corollas white. Anthers dark purple
or brown.
Pilose Teazle. Fl. Aug. Britain. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
10 D. STRICTUS (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 160.) stem unarmed,
but beset with short retrograde hairs ; leaves petiolate, lanceo-
late, acute, dentately serrated, beset with villi on both sur-
faces ; leaves of involucra spreadingly deflexed, shorter than
the heads, but hardly exceeding the palese, which are oblong-
cuneated, straight at the apex, ciliated, canescent ; involucels
hardly furrowed, crowned. $ . H. Native of Nipaul. D.
inermis, var. a, Wall, in fl. ind. 1. p. 367. Stem erect,
branched, hexagonal. Flowers cream-coloured. According to
D. Don, in fl. nep. the leaves are connate at the base. Heads of
flowers spherical.
Straight Teazle. Fl. July. Clt. 1823. PI. 4 to 5 feet.
1 1 D. INE'RMIS (Coult. dips. p. 23.) stem unarmed, downy,
but having the branches hispid under the heads ; leaves petio-
late, ternate or somewhat pinnatifid, clothed with adpressed pili
on both surfaces : lobes lanceolate, acuminated, serrated ; leaves
of involucra deflexed, shorter than the heads, which are globose,
but exceeding the palese a little ; palese ovate, mucronate, cili-
ated at the apex ; involucels hardly furrowed, crowned. $ . H.
Native of Nipaul, in alpine places. D. inermis, var. ft, Wall, in
fl. ind. 1. p. 367. D. mitis, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 161.
Stem hexagonal, pilose, unarmed. Paleae about equal in length
to the flowers. Corollas yellow.
Unarmed Teazle. Fl. July. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
12 D. A'spER(Wall. cat. no. 428. D. C. prod. 4. p. 646.)
stem prickly ; leaves undivided or pinnatifid, oblong-lanceolate,
acuminated, serrated, scabrous on both surfaces from bristly
hairs ; leaves of involucra deflexed, shorter than the heads, which
are globose, but exceeding the paleae, which are ovate, ciliated,
and mucronate ; involucels hardly furrowed. $ . H. Native of
the East Indies, on the Pundua Mountains. Stem and branches
angular; angles beset with stiff prickles.
Rough Teazle. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
13 1). LESCHENAU'LTII (Coult. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
647.) stem smooth, rather hairy; leaves lyrately pinnatifid, very
villous on both surfaces, acuminated, coarsely serrated at the
apex : lower ones petiolate : lobes of leaves 3-nerved at the
base; leaves of involucra spreading, shorter than the heads,
which are globose, and hardly exceeding the palese, which are
oblong, acuminated and pilose ; involucel drawn out a little into
a membranous crown beyond the furrows. $ . H. Native of
the East Indies, on the Nellighery Mountains, where it was col-
lected by Leschenault and Noton. Scabiosa Brunoniana, Wall,
cat. no. 42<). The plant is called Donde Gueda by the natives.
Stem 3 feet high, rather hairy, not prickly. Habit of Cephalaria
alpina.
Leschenault' s Teazle. PI. 3 feet.
Cult. None of the species are worth growing, except in bo-
tanic gardens. They will grow in any soil in which the seeds
may be sown.
III. CEPHALA'RIA (from «0aXij, Itephale, a. head; the
flowers are disposed in round heads). Schrad. cat. sem. hort.
gcett. 1814. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 406. Coult. dips. p.
24. et emend, mss. 1824. D. C. prod. 4. p. 647. — Lepicephalus,
Lag. gen. et spec. 1816. p. 7. — Cerionanthus, Schott, mss. ex
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. — Succisa, Vaill. Wallr. 1. 1. c. c. Spreng.
syst. no. 376. exclusive of some species. — Picnocomon, Wallr.
mss. — Scabiosa species, Lin. and others.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogy'nia, Involucra surrounding
the heads of many imbricated leaves (f. 116. a.), shorter than
the paleae. Involucel tetrandrous, rarely compressed, 8-fur-
rowed, terminated by a 4-8-toothed crown. Limb of calyx
rather cup-shaped or discoid. Corolla 4-cleft. Stamens 4 (f.
116. d.). Stigma longitudinal. Fruit tetragonal, crowned by
the limb of the calyx, inclosed within the involucel. — Perennial
herbs. Leaves toothed or pinnatifid. Heads of flowers ter-
minal, globose (f. 116. e.) ; paleae imbricated: outer ones ste-
rile. Corollas white, cream-coloured, or lilac. — This genus is
hardly distinct from Dipsacus, unless in the involucra being very
short.
* Perennial plants. Paleae acuminated, downy.
1 C. ALPINA (Schrad. 1. c.) stem striated, rather velvety; leaves
pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, decurrent, unequally serrated ; pa-
leae acuminated, downy ; teeth of involucel 8, awned, nearly
equal in length to the corolla ; anthers green and striated at the
time of dehiscence. 1£. H. Native of Europe, on the alps ;
and of Greece, on Mount Athos. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3.
p. 43. Coult. dips. 24. Scabiosa alpina, Lin. spec. 141. D. C.
fl. fr. no. 3296. Succisa alpina, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 378. Besl.
syst. cest. 9. t. 98. f. 1. Corollas yellow. Heads of flowers
drooping a little before expansion. Leaves large, downy.
Alpine Cephalaria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1570. PI. 3 to
4 feet.
2 C. TATA'RICA (Schrad. 1. c.) stems striated, clothed with
retrograde villi at the base and on the petioles ; leaves pinnate ;
leaflets decurrent, oval-lanceolate, serrated ; bracteas acumi-
nated, downy ; teeth of involucel 8, awned, nearly equal ; outer
corollas radiant ; anthers green, and striated at the time of
bursting. Tf. . H. Native of Siberia and Caucasus, in alpine
meadows. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 51. Coult. dips. p. 24.
Scabiosa Tatarica, Gmel. sib. 1. p. 159. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 92.
but not of Lin. Scabiosa elata, Horn. hort. ham. 1. p. 126.
Rchb. pi. crit. 4. t. 301. but not of Lin. Cephalaria elata,
Schrad. 1. c. Scabiosa atrata, hort. mad. 1805. Lepicephalus
atratus, Lag. 1. c. Succisa Tatarica, Spreng. 1. c. Plant gla-
brous. Peduncles angular, downy. Heads large. Paleae deep
green, white inside, ciliated. Corollas yellow.
Var. ft, gigantea (Coult. 1. c.) plant 12 feet high. ?/. H.
Scabiosa ahissima, Mill. diet. no. 6. Scabiosa gigantea, Ledeb.
cat. hort. dorp. 1811. Plant glabrous.
Tartarian Cephalaria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. 5 to
6 feet.
* * Annual plants. Paleae membranous, awned at the apex.
3 C. TRANSYLVA'NICA (Schrad. 1. c.) stems terete, rather
pilose at the base ; leaves pinnatifid : lower ones lyrate ; lobes
of the cauline leaves linear-oblong toothed : terminal lobes
lanceolate, serrated a little ; paleae glabrous, membranous,
oblong, ending in a dark purple awn each ; teeth of invo-
lucel 8, short, equal. O- H. Native of the south of Eu-
rope, from Vascony to Constantinople, in fields ; and of Cau-
casus, on mountains near Grosnaja. Coult. dips. p. 24. t. 1.
DIPSACEvE. III. CEPHALAKIA.
685
FIG. 116.
f. 6. Scabiosa Transylvanica,
Lin. spec. p. 141. Jacq. hort.
vind. t. 111. Rchb. pi. crit. 2.
p. 121. Succisa pentaphylla,
Moench. meth. p. 488. Sca-
biosa Transylvanica, Spreng. I.
c. Lepicephalus Transylvani-
cus, Lag. Corollas white in
the disk, and pale deep blue or
lilac in the rays.
Far. ft, semiaristata (Coult.
in litt. 1824. ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 648.) alternate teeth of in-
volucels awned, the rest as in
the species.
Transylvanian Cephalaria. Fl.
July. Clt. 1699. PI. 1 to 3
feet.
4 C. JOPPE'NSIS (Coult. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 648.)
stems terete, branched ; leaves pinnatifid : lobes serrated ; heads
ovate ; scales of involucra roundish ; paleae silky, short-acumi-
nated ; teeth of involucels 8, short, equal ; corollas nearly equal.
0. H. Native of Joppa, in hedges. Succisa Joppica. Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 1378. Scabiosa Joppensis, Rchb. hort. bot. 1. t.
17. Scabiosa Transylvanica, Sieb. in herb. Kunth. Leaves,
habit, and fruit of C. Transylvanica.
Joppa Cephalaria. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
5 C. SYR!ACA (Schrad. 1. c.) stems more or less hispid ; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, serrated ; heads ovate ; paleae broad at the
base, membranous, ending each in a long awn ; teeth of involu-
cels 8, 4 of which are awned, and the other 4 very short ; co-
rollas equal. O- H. Native from Spain to Persia, in fields
and woods. Coult. dips. p. 23. tr. f. 7. Scabiosa Syriaca,
Spreng. 1. c. There are hispid and glabrous varieties of this
plant, with either serrated or nearly entire leaves. Flowers
blue.
Far. a, pedunmlata (D. C. prod. 4. p. 648.) heads of flowers
on long peduncles. O- H. Scabiosa Syriaca /3, Lin. spec. 141.
Scabiosa Syriaca, Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 105. Scabiosa
Sibirica, Lam. ill. no. 1302. Cerionanthus Vaillantii, Schott.
Cephalaria Vaillantii, Roam, et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 46. Succisa
lancifolia, Moench. meth. p. 488. Corollas blue.
Far. /3, sessilis (D. C. 1. c.) heads of flowers almost sessile,
rising from the forks of the branches. O- H. Scabiosa Syri-
aca a, Lin. spec. 141. Scabiosa dichotoma, Lam. ill. no. 1303.
but not of Willd. Lepicephalus Syriacus, Lag. Flowers blue.
Syrian Cephalaria. Fl. July. Clt. 1633. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
* * * Perennial plants. Outer palece alone blunt or bluntish.
6 C. DECU'RRENS (Roam, et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 50.) stems
furrowed ; leaves pinnatifid : lobes decurrent, diverging ; brae-
teas bluntly acuminated, purplish at the apex, villous ; teeth of
involucels 4, purplish at the apex; limb of calyx small, hidden
within the involucel ; corollas unequal. 1£. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Scabiosa decurrens, Lag. gen. et spec.
p. 8. Cephalaria decurrens, Coult. dips. p. 27. and in litt.
1824. Peduncles elongated. Heads about the size of walnuts.
Corollas white.
Decurrent Cephalaria. PI. 1 foot.
7 C. CENTAURIO!DES (Coult. dips. p. 25. t. 1. f. 8.) steins
terete ; leaves pinnatifid ; lobes oblong, quite entire, decurrent ;
heads nearly globose ; paleae awnless, whitish-yellow : outer
ones obtuse: inner ones acuminated; teeth of involucel 4-8, or
obsolete. "J/ . H. Native of the south of Europe, south of
Siberia, and the Levant. The following are varieties of this
plant, according 10 Coulter and Treveranus, in mag. nat. am. ber.
1815. Leaves glabrous, ciliated or villous: radical ones entire
or variously pinnatifid ; lobes narrow or ovate, straight or divari-
cate. Corollas equal or radiant, always yellow.
Far. a, communis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 648.) teeth of involucels
4-8, erect. I/. H. Coult. 1. c. Scabiosa centaurioides, Lam.
ill. no. 1312. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3297. Succisa centaurioides, S.
laevigata, and S. ambrosioides, Spreng. 1. c. Scabiosa Transyl-
vanica, All. ped. no. 504. t. 48. Scab, ambrosioides, Smith and
Sibth. fl. graec. t. 103. Scab, laevigata, Waldst. et Kit. hung.
3. t. 230. Cephalaria centaurioides and C. ambrosioides, Rcem.
et Schultes. Cephalaria laevigata, Schrad. Lepicephalus cen-
taurioides, Lag. Flowers yellow. Radical leaves simple ; can-
line ones bipinnatifid ; all ciliated. In C. ambrosioides the leaves
are downy, and the cauline ones bipinnatifid.
Far. /3, corniculata (D. C. prod. 4. p. 648.) teeth of involu-
cels distorted. If. . H. Coult. 1. c. Scabiosa corniculata,
Waldst. et Kit. 1. t. 13. Rchb. pi. crit. 4. t. 315. Cephalaria
corniculata, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. Lepicephalus corniculatus,
Lag. Stems tetragonal. Leaves pilose. Flowers pale yellow.
Far. y, Uralensis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 648.) paleae at length
squarrose. I/. H. Native of Siberia, on the Ural Mountains,
and of Caucasus. Scabiosa Uralensis, Murr. comm. gcett.1782.
p. 13. t. 4. Rchb. pi. crit. 4. t. 314. Stem hexangular, hairy.
Corollas pale yellow.
Far. S, cretacea (D. C. prod. 4. p. 648.) teeth of involucels
abortive. If. . H. Coult. 1. c. Scabiosa cretacea, Bieb. fl.
taur. 1. p. 93. Scabiosa coriacea, Willd. enum. 1. p. 145.
Cephalaria cretacea, Rcem. et Schultes. Leaves glabrous, usu-
ally all entire.
Centauria-like Cephalaria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1801. PI.
2 to 4 feet.
8 C. LEUCA'NTHA (Schrad. 1. c. Coult. dips. p. 26. t. 1. f. 9.)
stem nearly terete ; leaves pinnatifid : lobes linear or oblong ;
heads nearly globose ; outer paleae adpressed, silky, obtuse :
inner ones hardly acuminated ; crown of involucel membranous.
7£. H. Native of the south of Europe, the Levant, Siberia, &c.
Scabiosa leucantha, Lin. spec. p. 142. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3298.
Rchb. pi. crit. 4. t. 356. Succisa leucantha, Spreng. 1. c.
Flowers of all white.
Far. a, angust'doba (D. C. prod. 4. p. 649.) glabrous ; lobes
of leaves linear, almost quite entire. 1£. H. Cephalaria leu-
cantha, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 47. Lepicephalus leucan-
thus, Lag. gen. et spec. p. 7. — Clus. hist. 2. p. 4. f. 1. Flowers
white.
Far. j3, inclsa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 649.) glabrous ; lobes of
leaves oblong or oval, deeply serrated. 7(. H. Cephalaria leu-
canthema, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 48. Lepicephalus leu-
canthemus, Lag. 1. c. Corollas white.
Far. y, albescens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 649.) lobes of leaves lan-
ceolate, deeply toothed, ciliated. !{.. H. Native of Siberia.
Scabiosa albescens, Willd. enum. p. 144. Cephalaria albescens,
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 48. Cauline leaves ternate or
simple. Corollas cream-coloured.
Far. d, Scopolii (Vis. pi. dalm. p. 3.) hairy ; leaves lyrately
pinnatifid ; lobes of lower leaves ovate, toothed : of the superior
ones linear. If.. H. Native of Dalmatia, in the fissures of
rocks. Scabiosa leucantha, Scop. earn. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 95.
Flowers white. Fruit 3-4-angled. Foveolse of the receptacles
villous. Perhaps a proper species.
White-Jlonered Cephalaria. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1739. PI.
2 feet.
9 C. RIGIDA (Schrad. 1. c.) stems terete; leaves oval- oblong,
serrated ; heads nearly globose ; paleae obtuse ; crown of invo-
lucel membranous. If.. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 44. Coult. dips. p. 26. Scabiosa
rigida, Lin. mant. p. 328. Sieb. fl. cap. no. 252. Lepicephalus
686
DIPSACEjE. III. CEPHALARIA. IV. KNAUTIA.
rigidus, Lag. Succisa rigida, Spreng. 1. c. — Comn. hort. amst.
t. 93. Shrubby. Flowers white. Said to be allied to C. leu-
cAntha. There are varieties of this with either glabrous or sca-
brous leaves. The upper leaves are cut, with revolute edges.
Sir/ Cephalaria. Fl. July. Clt. 1731. Shrub 2 feet.
10 C. ATTENUATA (Roera. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 44.) stem
terete, rather villous ; leaves linear, glabrous, entire and trifid ;
heads of flowers nearly globose ; palese obtuse ; teeth of invo-
lucel 5, scabrous ; corollas equal. fj.G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Coult. dips. p. 27. and in litt. 1824. Scabi6sa
attenuata, Lin. fil. suppl. 118. Succisa trifida, Spreng. 1. c.
Succisa trifida, Spreng. Scabiosa trifida, Thunb. fl. cap. 1. p.
520. Lepicephalus attenuata, Lag. Flowers white.
Var. ft, verbenacea (Rcem. et Schultes, 1. c. Coult. 1. c.) leaves
oblong, toothed, and somewhat pinnatifid at the base. If. • G.
Scabiosa verbenacea, Lam. ill. no. 1314.
Attenuated-leaved Cephalaria. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1774.
Shrub 1 foot.
t Species not sufficiently known.
\ \ C. GE«XCA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 43.) leaves pin-
nate ; leaflets decurrent, deeply serrated, glabrous ; paleae of the
heads imbricated, equal to the corollas. %. H. Native of
Greece, on Mount Athos. Coult. dips. p. 26. Scabiosa decur-
rens, Sibth. et Smith, prod. 1. p. 80. but not of Thunb. Scabiosa
flava, Sibth. et Smith, prod. 2. p. 356. Scabiosa orientals foliis
teucrii, &c. Tourn. cor. p. 34. Flowers yellow. Perhaps suf-
ficiently distinct from C. centaurioldes.
Grecian Cephalaria. PI. 2 feet.
12 C. HUVMII.IS (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 50.) glabrous;
leaves linear, dentately pinnatifid ; paleae obtuse, downy ; co-
rollas unequal. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Coult. dips. p. 27. Scabiosa humilis, Thunb. fl. cap. 1. p. 526.
but not of Host. Lepicephalus humilis, Lag. gen. et spec. p. 8.
Succisa humilis, Spreng. 1. c. Flowers white. Stem nearly
leafless, filiform. Scales of calyx ovate, purplisb at the apex.
Humble Cephalaria. PI. \ to 1 foot.
13 C. USTULAVTA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 43.) glabrous;
leaves lyrate : lobes ovate, toothed ; palese imbricated, ovate,
acute, villous, purplish at the apex ; corollas equal.. — Native of
the Cape of Good Hope, in rock lands. Coult. dips. p. 27.
Succisa ustulata, Spreng. 1. c. Scabiosa ustulata, Thunb. fl. cap.
1. p. 528. Lepicephalus ustulatus, Lag. 1. c. Stems striately
singular. Palese and flowers white.
I/s<M/a<e-bractead Cephalaria. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
14 C. SCA'BRA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 44.) plant sca-
brous from hairs; leaves stiff, pinnatifid; lobes dentately cut ;
palese ovate, obtuse, purplish at the apex ; corollas equal. Jj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on hills. Coult. dips. p.
28. Scabiosa scabra, Thunb. fl. cap. 1. p. 529. Lepicephalus
scaber, Lag. Succisa scabra, Spreng. 1. c. Heads about the
size of filberts. Flowers white.
Scabrous Cephalaria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. Shrub
1| foot.
N. B. Scabiosa marina, Lin. mant. p. 329. is distinct from
Scabiosa mavitima, Lin., and are probably referrible to the pre-
sent genus, but are hardly known.
Cult. The hardy herbaceous kinds of Cephalaria are of
the most easy culture, and will grow in any kind of soil, and
are readily increased by dividing at the root, or by seed. The
seeds of the annual species only require to be sown in the open
border. The green-house shrubby kinds should be grown in a
mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and may be increased either by
young cuttings under a hand-glass, or by seed.
IV. KNAU'TIA (in honour of C. Knaut, physician at
Halle, in Saxony, who died in 1694; author of a catalogue of
plants growing in the neighbourhood of Halle). Coult. dips,
p. 28. D. C. prod. 4. p. 650. — Trichera, Schrad. cat. sem.
gcett. 1814. — Scabiosa, Vaill. 1. c. Lag. gen. et spec. p. 8. —
Knautia and Scabiosa species, Lin. — Scabiosa and Knautia,
Spreng. Wallr. 1. 1. c. c.
LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Involucra of heads of
many leaves. Paleae none. Receptacle hairy. Involucel com-
pressed, with 4 hollows closely girding the fruit, denticulated at
the apex, having 2 of the teeth larger than the other 2, furnished
with a short stipe. Limb of calyx cup-shaped, neither pappose
nor awned at the apex. Corolla 4-5-cleft. Stamens 4. — Erect
branched, usually villous herbs.
SECT. I. LYCHNOIDES (this section contains plants resembling
species of Lychnis). D. C. prod. 4. p. 650. Lychni-scabiosa,
Boerh. — Knautia, Lin. gen. no. 116. Involucrum erect, cylin-
drical, of 6-10 leaves. Flowers few within the involucrum, 5-
10. Receptacle narrow. Corollas very irregular. — Annual
herbs. Flowers pale red.
1 K. ORIENTA'LIS (Lin. spec. p. 146.) leaves oblong, cut or
entire; involucrum cylindrical, of 5-10 erect leaves; corollas
5-10 in each head: outer ones radiating, longer than the invo-
lucrum; teeth of involucel 12-15, very short; ciliae of calyx
obsolete. O- H. Native of the Levant. Lam. ill. t. 58.
Schkuhr, handb. 1. t. 22. Coult. dips. p. 28. t. 1. f. 9.— Houtt.
pfl. syst. v. p. 250. t. 39. Scabiosa orientalis, Lag. gen. etspec.
p. 9. Kn. trichotoma, Mcench. meth. p. 487. — Till. pis. 153.
t. 48. Plant villous. Seeds pilose, hairy at the apex. Flowers
pale red. Lobes of stigma acute.
Eastern Knautia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1713. PI. 1 to 1£ ft.
2 K. PROPONTICA (Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 1666. exclusive of
Till, syn.) leaves serrated : superior ones lanceolate, quite entire ;
corollas 10, equal to the involucrum; ciliae of calyx 15 in num-
ber. Q. H. Native of the Levant. Willd. spec. 1. p. 561.
exclusive of the syn. of Tourn. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p.
87. exclusive of the Lam. syst. Coult. dips. p. 28. Scabiosa
propontica, Lag. gen. et spec. p. 9. Plant villous. Corollas
purple. Pistilla white ; the corolla is said to be 4-cleft by
Linnaeus. This is a doubtful plant, and is perfectly unknown
at the present day, as the plant known in our gardens under this
name is K. orientalis.
Propontic Knautia. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1768. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
SECT. II. TRICHEROIDES (this section contains plants having
the habit of those of the next section). D. C. prod. 4. p. 650.
Involucrum spreading, 10-12-leaved. Flowers few or many.
Involucel bidentate at the apex. Corollas rather irregular.
Limb of calyx ciliated. — Annual herbs. Flowers bluish or rose-
coloured.
3 K. URVILUE'I (Coult. dips. p. 29. t. 1. f. 10.) lower leaves
pinnatifid: superior ones linear, quite entire ; corollas 10-12 in
each head, nearly equal, hardly longer than the involucrum,
which is spreading; teeth of crown of the involucel 8, a little
awned. Q. H. Native of the island of Leri, in arid fields,
where it was collected by D'Urville; and also of Bulgaria.
K. orientalis, D'Urv. enum. p. 14. Plant villous? Stems
branched, divaricate. Heads of flowers small. Corollas pale
blue.
D' Urville's Knautia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
4 K. HY'BRIDA (Coult. dips. p. 30. and in litt. 1824.) lower
leaves petiolate, lyrate : lobes obovate, toothed : terminal lobe
the largest, ovate or roundish; cauline leaves oblong, simple,
serrated ; heads many-flowered ; the 2 teeth of the involucel of
many bristles ; cilise of calyx 20-24, obsolete. O- H. Native
of the south of Europe. Scabiosa hybrida, All. auct. p. 9.
DIPSACE.E. IV. KNAUTIA.
687
Trichera hybrids, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 58. Scabiosa
lyrata, Lam. ill. no. 1310. Trichera mutabilis, Schrad. 1. c.
Scabiosa bidens, Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 104. Cephalaria
bidens, Roem. et Schultes, syst. et Coult. 1. c. Scabiosa inte-
grifolia var. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 227. Scabiosa annua integrifolia,
Tourn. herb. Scabiosa integrifolia and S. Moldavica, Hortul.
Stem villous. Leaves rather scabrous. Stigmas blunt. Corollas
pale purple.
Hybrid Knautia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
SECT. III. TRICHE'RA (from rpt^c, triches, hairs ; in reference
to the limb of the calyx). Schrad. 1. c. D. C. prod. 4. p. 051. —
Scabiosa species, Lin. Involucrum spreading, of many leaves.
Flowers numerous. Receptacle dilated. Involucels rather
truncate at the top. Limb of calyx divided into 8-10 awns.
Corollas almost regular — Perennial herbs. Flowers purplish-
blue. According to Coulter all the species contained in this
section might be with propriety combined.
5 K. ARVE'NSIS (Coult. dips. p. 29. var. a, ft, y, t. 1. f. 13.)
stems hispid ; leaves sessile, villous ; radical ones unequally
pinnatilid, with lanceolate lobes : cauline leaves pinnatifid, with
linear lobes ; uppermost leaves linear-lanceolate ; leaves of in-
volucra bluntish. I/. H. Native of Europe, in meadows, pas-
tures, and cultivated fields ; plentiful in Britain. Duby, bot.
gal. 1. p. 257. Scabiosa arvensis, Lin. spec. p. 142. Gaud. fl.
helv. 1. p. 389. Scabiosa polymorpha, Schmidt, boh. 3. p. 77.
Trichera arvensis, Schrad. Flowers bluish purple, and verging
to white or purple. Perhaps Scabiosa dubia, Mcench. hass. no.
116. t. 3. which is said to have a 5-cleft corolla, is only a variety
of this species. This plant may rather be considered a trouble-
some weed in corn-fields, but in grass-fields it may be considered
rather useful, as it produces a large quantity of foliage, which is
not refused by kine, sheep, or horses. The plant varies much
in the divisions of the leaves, and in its hairiness. It sometimes
occurs with white flowers. The flowers held over the smoke of
tobacco in a few minutes become a beautiful green. The plant
is slightly astringent, bitter, and saponaceous. The root creeps
deep in the ground.
Var. a, vulgaris (D. C. prod. 4. p. 651.) leaves downy:
radical ones pinnatifid or entire ; cauline ones always pinnatifid.
1{.. H. Native of Europe, in corn-fields and meadows. Sower-
by, engl. bot. t. 659. Curt. lond. 4. t. 13. Fl. dan. t. 447.—
Blackw. t. 185. Flowers bluish, and varying from purple to
white, outer ones more or less radiant.
Var. ft, colllna (Duby, bot. gall. 1. p. 257.) leaves nearly all
radical and pinnatifid ; stems nearly naked. l^.Tl. Native of
Europe, on dry hills. Scabiosa colllna, Req. in Guer. vaucl. ed.
2. p. 248. D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 487. Scabiosa hirsiita, Lapeyr.
Plant canescent. Flowers bluish.
Var. y, canescens (Coult. 1. c. var. ft.) leaves canescent from
hairs ; lower ones ovate, acuminated, toothed : upper ones pin-
natifid ; outer flowers of the heads hardly radiant. If. . H. Native
country unknown. Scabiosa canescens, Hort. taur.
Corn-field Knautia. Fl. July, Oct. Britain. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
6 K. SYLVA'TICA (Duby, bot. gall. 1. p. 257.) stems hispid ;
leaves tapering into the dilated winged connate bases of the pe-
tioles, all undivided, oblong or lanceolate ; radical ones entire,
cauline ones crenated or toothed ; leaves of involucrum acutish.
I/. H. Native of Europe, in mountain woods, and sometimes
in fields. Kn. arvensis y, Coulter, dips. p. 29. Scabiosa sylva-
tica, Lin. spec. p. 142. Jacq. obs. ). p. 28. 3. p. 20. t. 72. fl.
austr. t. 362. Gaud. fl. helv. 1. p. 387. Scabiosa Pannonica,
Jacq. vind. p. 22. Trichera sylvatica, Schrad. Scabiosa integri-
folia, Savi, fl. pis. 1. p. 162. t. 2. f. 1. Scabiosa ovatifolia, Lag.
gen. et spec. p. 9. Flowers red : outer flowers radiant. There
is a variety of this with smooth sterns, and another with white
flowers.
Var. ft, longifolia (Duby, bot. gall. 1. c.) leaves oblong, en-
tire, quite glabrous ; heads of flowers nearly equal, lilac-coloured.
2£. H. Native of Hungary and the alps of Jura. Scabiosa
longifolia, Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 4. t. 5. Scabiosa integri-
folia, Sut. fl. helv. 1. p. 387. — Scabiosa sylvatica ft, Gaud. fl.
helv. 1. p. 387. Scabiosa Carpatica, Wahl. Stem glabrous be-
low, and hairy above.
Var. y, integrifolia (Coult. under K. arvensis, 1. c. var. y,)
leaves undivided, toothed or quite entire. 7/ . H. Native of
Europe. Scabiosa integrifolia, Lin. spec. 142. Scabiosa dip-
sacifolia, Schott. Host, fl. austr. 1. p. 191. Scabiosa pubes-
cens, Willd. enum. 1. p. 146. Trichera pubescens, Schrad.
Corollas cream-coloured. Anthers fulvous. Perhaps Scabiosa
hybrida, Bouch. fl. abb. Perhaps Scabiosa Uralensis, Rchb. pi.
crit. 4. t. 332. The plant is more or less downy, and the up-
per leaves are sometimes jagged at the base.
Wood Knautia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1633. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
7 K. MONTA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 651.) stems hispid,
brachiate ; leaves oblong, serrated : lower ones entire and jagged ;
heads of flowers radiant ; leaves of involucrum acute, narrow.
^. H. Native of Caucasus, in mountain meadows. Scabiosa
montana, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 95. Jacq. fil. eclog. 1. t. 60. Kn.
arvensis var. Coult. dips. p. 29. and in litt, 1824. Leaves hairy.
Flowers white.
Mountain Knautia. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. PI. 3 to 6 feet,
8 K. CILIA'TA (Coult. dips. p. 50.) stems very hispid ; leaves
ovate, hispid, lower ones petiolate, entire, auricled or pinnati-
fid : cauline ones deeply toothed, cordately stem-clasping or per-
foliate ; leaves of involucrum ciliated. If.. H. Native of
Moravia, in meadows. Trichera ciliata, Roem. et Schultes, syst.
3. p. 37. Scabiosa ciliata, Spreng. in Schrad. journ. 1800.2.
p. 199. Rchb. pi. crit. 3. t. 273. Scabiosa Kitaibelii, Schultes,
obs. p. 18. Scabiosa pubescens, Wahl. fl. carp. p. 38. Trichera
leucantha, Schrad. S. hispida, Porter's mss. Perhaps Scabiosa
ciliata, Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 125. is the same, although said
to be annual. Flowers dirty white ; outer ones radiant. Anthers
violaceous.
Ciliated Knautia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1802. PI. 2 feet.
9 K. DIVERSIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 652.) stems branched,
hispid ; radical leaves pinnatifid : lobes rather falcate, quite en-
tire ; lower cauline leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, bluntly
toothed ; superior leaves lyrate ; uppermost leaves stem-clasp-
ing, quite entire; leaves of involucra ovate-cordate, y.. H.
Native of Transylvania, in mountain meadows. Scabiosa diver-
sifolia, Spreng. neu. entd. 1. p. 279. Corolla 4-cleft, radiant,
of a lilac-colour, ex Spreng., violaceous and blue, ex Baumg.
Divers-leaved Knautia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. PI. 2 ft.
10 K. LEOIONE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 652.) stems hispid from
retrograde hairs ; leaves lanceolate, long-acuminated, remotely
toothed: lower ones entire ; leaves of involucrum 18, exceeding
the flowers. Tf..1 H. Native of Spain, on the mountains of
Leone. Scabiosa Legionensis, Lag. nov. gen. et spec. p. 9.
Asterocephalus Legionensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 379. Flowers
red. There is a variety of this with pinnutifid leaves and white
flowers. Said to be nearly allied to K. sylvatica.
Leone Knautia. Fl. June, July. PI. 2 feet.
11 K. SALCE'DI ; stem scabrous from hairs; leaves all undi-
vided, lanceolate : lower ones entire : upper ones sharply tooth-
ed in the middle. 1£. H. Native of Spain, on the mountains of
Leone. Scabiosa Salcedi, Lagasca. Leaves downy on both sur-
faces, hoary beneath. Peduncles long, beset with rufous villi
under the head of flowers. Involucrum of many lanceolate
pilose leaves, the length of the flowers, which are of a lilac
colour.
688
DIPSACE.C. IV. KNAUTIA. V. PTEROCEPHALUS.
Salccdi's Knautia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
1 2 K. OVATIFOLIA ; superior leaves broad, ovate, acuminated,
serrated, sessile. 7/ . H. Native of Spain? K. ovatifolia,
Lagasca, gen. et spec. nov. diagn. p. 9. no. 116. Very like K.
Legionensis, but more slender in every part. Said to be nearly
allied to A', sylcdtica.
Ovate-leaved Knautia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. The species of this genus are of the most easy culture
and propagation. They will grow in any soil and situation.
V. PTEROCE'PHALUS (from irrcpov, pteron, a wing, and
«4>aX»;, kephale, a head ; in reference to the receptacle of the
flowers being villous or chaffy). Vaill. act. acad. Par. 1722. p.
184. t. 13. f. 23. f. 24. Coult. dips. p. 31. Walk, sched. p. 47.
Spreng. syst. no. 378. D. C. prod. 4. p. 652. — Scabiosa and
Knautia species, Lin. — Pterocephalus and Knautia, Lag. gen. et
spec. 9.
LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Involucrum double, each
series of 4-6 leaves. Heads many-flowered (f. 118. a.). Re-
ceptacles villous (f. 117. b.) or chaffy. Involucels toothed or
awned (f. 117. a.}. Limb of calyx ending a in many-rayed
pappus (f. 117. c. f. 118. </.), which at length become feathery
(f. 117. i. f. 118. ?'.). Corollas 5-cleft (f. 117. /. f. 118. e.~).
Stamens 4 (f. 118./.), rarely 2-3.— Herbs or subshrubs.
§ 1. Annual plants. Leaves pinnatifid, particularly the su-
perior ones.
1 P. PAPPOSUS (Coult. dips. p. 32. t. 1. f. 17.) stem herba-
ceous, erect ; leaves bipinnatifid, with lanceolate lobes ; recep-
tacle paleaceous ; involucels drawn out into 1-3 long awns ;
bristles of calyx 20-24, plumose, about equal in length to the
awns of the involucel. ©. H. Native of Portugal, Spain, Greece,
and Candia. Pter. annuus, Vaill. act. par. 1722. p. 183. Pter.
Vaillanti, Lag. gen. et spec. p. 9. Scabiosa papposa, Lin. spec,
p. 146. Scabiosa involucrata, Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. t. 112.
Scabiosa divaricata, Spreng. neue entd. 3. p. 163. Corollas
red. Leaves of involucrum pinnatifid. Plant villous.
Var. ft, didndrus (D. C. prod. 4. p. 652.) smaller ; flowers
di-triandrous. Q. H. Native of Spain, at Aranjuez, and of
Portugal. Scabiosa diandra, Lag. var. 2. p. 39. Pterocephalus
diandrus, Lag. nov. gen. p. 9. Cephalaria diandra, Rcem. et
Schulles, syst. 3. p. 52. Flowers blue.
Pappose-seeded. Pterocephalus. Fl. July. Clt. 1597. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
2 P. BRE'VIS (Coult. dips. p. 32. t. 1. f. 16.) plant clothed
with soft villi ; stems herbaceous, erect ; leaves pinnatifid ;
corollas hardly exceeding the involucrum ; crown of involucels
membranous, hardly denticulated, very short, spreading ; bristles
of calyx 14-16, feathery, a little longer than the involucel.
0. H. Native country unknown. Very nearly allied to the
following.
iSAoj-i-involucelled Pterocephalue. PI. 1 foot.
3 P. PLUMOSUS (Coult. dips. p. 31. t. 1. f. 15.) plant downy ;
sum herbaceous, erect ; lower leaves broad-lanceolate, serrated :
middle ones lyrate : upper ones pinnatifid ; corollas longer than
the involucrum; crown of involucel obsolete ; bristles of calyx
11-13, plumose, hardly twice the length of the involucel. Q.
H. Native of the Levant, Iberia, Candia, Samos, and Caucasus,
in arid places of mountains, &c. Knautia plumosa, Lin. mant.
\>. 197. Scabiosa plumosa, Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. t. 111.
Scabiosa papposa, Gsertn. fruct. t. 86. Willich. in Rchb. op. 1.
p. 160. Scabiosa Willichii, Link, in Roem. coll. 2. Cephalaria
Willichii and Scabiosa plumosa, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p.
53. and p. 70. Pter. marcescens, Moench. meth. p. 491. exclu-
sive of the synonymes. Flowers rose-coloured or purplish.
Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819.
FIG. 117.
Feathered-csAyxed Pterocephalus.
PI. 1 to 2 feet. "
4 P. PAL^STINUS (Coult. dips,
p. 31. t. 1. f. 14.) plant clothed
with silky villi ; lower leaves
obovate-oblong, quite entire, the
rest lyrately pinnatifid : lower
lobes small, decurrent : terminal
lobe large, obovate-oblong ; in-
volucel having 8 foveola at the
base ; crown of involucel mem-
branous ; bristles of calyx 8-10,
subulate, spreading, irregularly
pilose at the sides. ©. H. Na-
tive of the islands of Cyprus and
Scio ; and of Palestine. Knautia
Palaestlna, Lin. mant. 117. —
Jacq. hort. vind. 1. t. 96. Sca-
biosa brachiata and Scabiosa Sib-
thorpiana, Sibth. et Smith, fl.
graec. 1. 109. Flowers white or pale purple. The rays of the
corollas in S. Sibthorpiana are entire, while in those of P. Pa-
Icestinus, they are jagged ; they are, therefore, probably distinct
species.
Var. /3, Calabricus (D. C. prod. 4. p. 653.) leaves all entire
or lyrate. O- H. Native of Calabria, on arid hills. Scabiosa
brachiata, Guss. pi. rar. p. 66. Flowers purplish.
Var. ft, Dalmdticus (D. C. 1. c.) plant hairy ; lower leaves
lyrate ; upper ones pinnate, with oblong-linear acute lobes.
©. H. Native of Dalmatia. Scabiosa multiseta, Vis. pi. dalm.
p. 1. t. 1. Perhaps Scabiosa silenifolia, Waldst. et Kit. pi. hung.
2. p. 157. and therefore Asterocephalus silenifolius, Spreng.
Palestine Pterocephalus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1771. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
§2. Perennial or frutescent species. Leaves jagged or toothed.
5 P. LUSITA'NICUS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 653.) stems ascending,
sparingly pilose ; lower leaves bipinnatifid ; superior ones pin-
natifid ; segments of all linear ; paleae of the receptacle and
leaves of involucrum scarious and hairy ; involucels many-
toothed; awns of calyx 6-9, feathery. ©. I/ . H. Native
of Portugal, between Abrantes and Casabranca. Scabiosa plu-
mosa, Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. 2. p. 91. Cephalaria plumosa,
Rcem. et Schnltes, syst. 3. p. 70. Scabiosa Gramuntia, Brot.
fl. lus. 1. p. 145. Flowers pale red. Perhaps Asterocephalus
intermedius, Lag. gen. et spec. p. 8. which is the Scabiosa in-
termedia, Rcem. et Schultes, 3. p. 76. is referrible to this
species, as also Scabiosa maritima and Sc. tenuifolia, Lag.
elench. hort. madr. 1803. and 1805.
Portugal Pterocephalus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
6 P. BROUSSONE'TII (Coult. in litt. 1824. ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
653.) leaves bipinnate ; corollas equal ; awns of calyx 6-7,
linear, feathery, hardly twice the length of the involucel. I/ . H.
Native of Gibraltar, about San Roque, where it was collected by
Broussonet.
Broussonefs Pterocephalus. PI. 1 foot.
7 P. TOMENTO'SUS (Coult. in litt. 1824. ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
653.) stems procumbent, shrubby ; leaves dentately pinnatifid,
hoary from tomentum ; leaves of involucrum bluntish ; bristles
of calyx 6, short, scabrous, y.. H. Native of Candia, on the
Spaciotic mountains. Scabiosa tomentosa, Sibth. et Smith, prod,
fl. graec. 1. p. 85. but not of Cav. Scabiosa Spaciotica, Roem.
et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 86. Asterocephalus Spacioticus, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 382. Herb tufted. Flowers blue.
Tomentose Pterocephalus. PI. i foot.
DIPSACE^E. V. PTEROCEPHALUS. VI. SCABIOSA.
689
FIG. 118.
8 P. PERE'NNIS (Vaill. act.
acad. par. 1722. p. 184.) stems
procumbent, suffruticose ; leaves
lyrate, cut, tomentose; involucels
downy; corollas 5-cleft; stigmas
longitudinal ; pappus plumose.
If . H. Native of Mount Parnas-
sus, on rocks. Scabiosa ptero-
cephala, Lin. spec. p. 146. Sibth.
et Smith, fl . graec. t. 1 1 3. Ptero-
cephalus Parnassii, Spreng. syst.
1 . p. 384. Flowers pale purple.
Perhaps belonging to a different
section.
Perennial Pterocephalus. PI.
procumbent.
§ 3. Perennial orfrutescent species, with entire leaves.
9 P. NI'VEUS (Coult. dips. p. 32.) lower leaves orbicular :
cauline ones obovate-spatulate, all quite entire, and are as well
as the stems clothed with white tomentum ; bristles of calyx 10-
12, plumose, 3 times longer than the seed. If.. H. Native of
Spain, on the top of Sierra Toxada. Scabiosa nivea, Agardh, in
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 81. A very small plant. — Ac-
cording to Sprengel, it is the same as the following.
Snowy Pterocephalus. PI. 1 to 2 inches.
10 P. SPATULA'TUS (Coult. dips. p. 32.) leaves quite entire,
roundish-spatulate, tomentose ; corollas 5-cleft, radiant ; pappus
coloured, of 14 rays. If.. H. Native of Spain, in Granada,
and near Ellin in Murcia. Knautia spatulata, Lag. gen. et spec,
p. 9. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 88. Stems tomentose. In-
volucra 8-12-leaved. Heads containing about 16 flowers.
Spatulate-leaved Pterocephalus. PI. j- to -| foot.
11 P. CA'NUS (Coult. in litt. 1824. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 653.)
leaves quite entire, obovate-oblong, hoary ; peduncles scape-
formed, bearing each one head of flowers ; corollas 5-cleft ;
involucel lagenaeform, downy, without furrows ; rays of calyx
20-25, plumose, linear, twice longer than the imolucel ; stigma
emarginate. 1(. H. Native of the Levant, between Amadan
and Kermancha, where it was collected by Olivier and Bru-
guiere. Scabiosa dumetorum var. from the Levant, Coult. dips,
p. 32.
Hoary Pterocephalus. PI. ^ foot.
12 P. LASIOSPE'RMUS (Link, in Buch. can. p. 150.) stem suf-
fruticose, with many branches ; leaves on very short petioles,
oblong-lanceolate, quite entire, crowded, white from short dense
tomentum; involucels densely plumose. ^ . G. Native of the
Grand Canary island, near Trente, and among rocks on the top
of Pico Tedi. Pter. dumetorum var. pusilla, Coult. dips. p.
32. Scabiosa fruticosa, Smith, mss.
Woolly-seeded Pterocephalus. Shrub small.
13 P. DUMETO'RUM (Coult. dips. p. 32. var. a,) stem suffruti-
cose, erect, bearing many heads of flowers ; leaves petiolate,
quite entire, oval, acuminated, attenuated at the base, smoothish
on both surfaces ; peduncles and involucels downy ; rays of
calyx 20-24, plumose, linear, hardly twice the length of the in-
volucel. lj . G. Native of Teneriffe. Scabiosa dumetorum,
Brouss. in Willd. enum. 1. p. 146. Trichera dumetorum, Roem.
et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 56. Leaves crowded at the tops of the
branches.
Thicket Pterocephalus. Shrub small.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Cephalaria, p. 686.
VI. SCABIO'SA (from scabies, the itch ; which disorder the
common sort is said to cure). Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 2.
Coult. dips. p. 33. D. C. prod. 4. p. 654. — Asterocephalus,
VOL. III.
Vaill.
act. acad. par. 1722. Lag. gen. et spec. p. 8. Wallr.
sched. crit. p. 46. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 379. exclusive of some
species. — Scabiosa spec. Lin. &c. — Sclerostemma, Schott.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogy'nia. Involucra of heads
many-leaved. Receptacle chaffy. Involucels with 8 foveolae,
usually somewhat cylindrical. Limb of calyx tapering into a
neck at the base, and ending in 5 awned bristles, rarely only 1-4
from abortion. Corollas 4-5 cleft. Stamens 4. — Perennial or
suffruticose herbs. Leaves variable. Heads of flowers depres-
sed. Outer flowers of heads usually radiant.
SECT. I. ASTEROCE'PHALUS (from oon/p, aster, a star, and
Ki<f>a\ri, kephale, a head ; in reference to the star-like crown on
the top of the seeds). Coult. dips. p. 33. D. C. prod. 4. p. 654.
Base of the involucels terete, not plicate, furnished with 5-8
foveolae. Crown of seed large, membranous, spreading or erect,
Calyx sessile or stipitate, ending in 5 exserted bristles. Corollas
5-cleft.
1 S. CAUCA'SICA (Bieb. fl. tatir. 1. p. 98.) herbaceous ; radical
leaves lanceolate, acuminated, quite entire, glaucous ; involucrum
very villous ; corollas 5-cleft, radiant ; base of involucels elon-
gated, longer than the ovate foveolse ; crown of seeds short,
25-nerved ; limb of calyx sessile, with exserted bristles. Tf.. H.
Native of Caucasus and Armenia, in arid places. Coult. dips,
p. 33. t. 2. f. 1. Asterocephalus Caucasicus, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
381. Leaves like those of a species of Scorzonera. Heads of
flowers large, radiant, pale blue. This is an elegant plant while
in flower.
Var. a, heterophylla (D. C. prod. 4. p. 654.) leaves green;
cauline ones pinnatifid. If. H. Scabiosa Caucasica, Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 3. p. 84. Willd. enum. p. 148. Sims, bot.
mag. 886.
Var. ft, elegans (D. C. prod. 4. p. 654.) leaves whitish ; can-
line ones undivided, quite entire or nearly so. If. . H. Scabiosa
elegans, Spreng. pug. 2. p. 24. Sclerostemma connatum, Schott.
Asterocephalus elegans, Lag. gen. et spec. p. 8. Scabiosa
conniUa, Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 128. Scabiosa Caucasea, Sims,
bot. mag. t. 886.
Caucasian Scabious. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1803. PI. 1 foot.
2 S. CRE'TICA (Lin. spec. p. 145.) stem shrubby ; leaves lan-
ceolate, quite entire, and are as well as the involucra clothed
with hoary down; corollas 5 -cleft, radiant; base of involu-
cels elongated, equal in length to the foveolae, which are linear ;
crown of seed spreading, obliquely truncate, 20-28-nerved,
hardly twice longer than the base ; limb of calyx sessile,
with 4-6 inclosed bristles. If. . H. Native of Sicily and
Candia, among calcareous rocks. Coult. dips. p. 33. t. 2. f. 2.
Guss. prod. 1. p. 165. Asterocephalus Creticus, Spreng. Sca-
biosa arborea, P. Alp. exot. t. 34. — Morr. oxon. sect. 6. t. 15.
f. 31. Stem white from down. Flowers pale blue, rarely
white. There is a variety of this having the involucrum longer
than the flowers.
Cretan Scabious. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1596. Shrub 1 foot.
3 S. CANDOLLIA'NA (Wall. cat. no. 430.) stem suffruticose at
the base, branched ; leaves linear, quite entire, nearly glabrous ;
corollas 5-cleft, radiant ; involucels clothed with short villi at
the base, the foveolae hidden by the villi ; crown of seed 20-
nerved ? toothed a little ; bristles of calyx 5, black, rather sca--
brous, 3 times longer than the crown, fy. G. Native of Nipaul,
at Kamaon. Stems sparingly leafy, tufted at the apex ; pedun-
cles elongated, naked. Heads small, purplish. Perhaps refer-
rible to sect. iii. Sticcisa.
De Candolle's Scabious. Shrub 1 foot.
4 S. GRAMINIFO'LIA (Lin. spec. 145.) stems herbaceous, suf-
fruticose at the base; leaves linear, lanceolate, quite entire, of a
silvery white colour; corollas 5-cleft, radiant; base of involu-
4T
090
DIPSACE^E. VI. SCABIOSA.
eels elongated, equal in length to die linear foveolae; crown
of seed spreading, 24-nerved ; limb of calyx pedunculate ; bris-
tles of calyx 5, equal in length to the crown. T/ . H. Native
of Provence, north of Italy, Carniola, Pannonia, Barbary, Swit-
zerland, on the mountains. Coult. diss. p. 34. t. 2. f. 3. Waldst.
et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 188. Lindl. hot. reg. t. 835. Asteroce-
phalus graminifolius, Spreng. Flowers pale blue, very like
those of S. Caucdsica. The Swiss variety of this plant is much
more tufted than those from other countries, and seems different
altogether.
Grass-leaved Scabious. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1683. PI. 1 ft.
5 S. PROH'FERA (Lin. spec. p. 144.) stem herbaceous, dicho-
tomous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, almost entire, downy ; heads
almost sessile in the forks of the stem ; corollas 5-cleft,
radiant; involucels obconical, elongated at the base, equal to
the foveolae, which are obovate ; crown of seed spreading, ex-
ceeding the base, 32-36-nerved ; limb of calyx pedunculate,
hardly equal in length to the bristles of the crown. O- H.
Native of Cyprus, Egypt, and Barbary. Coult. dips. p. 34. t.
2. f. 4. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 107. Asterocephalus pro-
lifer, Spreng. — Herm. par. t. 125. Flowers pale yellow.
Proliferous- stemmed Scabious. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1686.
PI. 1 foot.
6 S. STELLAVTA (Lin. spec. p. 144.) stem branched; leaves
cut or sublyrate : the terminal lobe obovate, toothed, large ;
heads on long peduncles ; corollas radiant ; base of involu-
cels elongated, about equal in length to the foveolae, which are
also elongated ; crown spreading, 40-nerved, twice the length of
the base ; limb of calyx pedunculate, having the bristles thick-
ened at the disk, not exceeding the crown. O- H. Native in
the region of the Mediterranean, in fields and arid places. Coult.
dips. p. 34. t. 2. f. 5. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3312. Succisa stellata,
Mcench. meth. p. 490. Scabiosa rot&ta, Bieb. suppl. p. 102. ex
Coult. Asterocephalus rotatus, Spreng. Bristles of calyx
black. Flowers very pale blue, almost white.
Var. ft, pinnatijida (D. C. prod. 4. p. 655. ) leaves pinnatifid,
with linear lobes. O- H. Native about Montpelier, in fields.
S. stellata /3 et y, Coult. dips. p. 34. S. simplex, Desf. fl. atl.
1. p. 125. t. 39. f. 1. ex Coult. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 39. t. 86.
There are varieties of this with branched stems, bearing many
heads of flowers ; and single stems, bearing only one head of
flowers.
Starry-crowned Scabious. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1596. PI.
1 1 foot.
7 S. MONSPELIE'NSIS (Jacq. misc. 2. p. 320. icon. rar. 1. t.
24.) hairy ; stem a little branched ; leaves pinnate-parted : with
toothed or cut oblong-linear lobes ; heads on long peduncles ; co-
rollas nearly equal ; base of involucels hardly elongated, equal to
the linear open foveolae ; crown twice the length of the base, 32-
35-nerved ; limb of calyx pedunculate, with much exserted
bristles. O or S . Native of Spain, Barbary, and the .south
of France, in exposed places. Coult. dips. p. 34. t. 2. f. 7.
Asterocephalus stellatus, Spreng. Scabibsa simplex, D. C. fl.
fr. no. 3313. Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 125. t. 39. f. l! Flowers purple.
Montpelier Scabious. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PL 1 to 2 ft.
8 S. PAUESTINA (Lin. mant. p. 37.) stem divaricately branch-
ed ; leaves obovate-oblong, coarsely toothed, tapering into the
petioles, pinnatifid at the base ; heads on long peduncles ; corol-
las radiant ; base of involucels hardly elongated, equal to the
foveolae, which are linear and elongated ; crown spreading, twice
longer than the base or more, S2-35-nerved ; limb of calyx on
a long peduncle ; bristles shorter than the crown. 0. H. Native
about Aleppo, and in Palestine. Jacq. hort. vind. 1. t. 96. S.
Vahlii, Coult. dips. p. 35. t. 2. f. 6. exclusive of the country.
Asterocephalus Palaestinus, Spreng. Flowers white or pale red ;
segments jagged.
1
Palestine Scabious. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1771. PL 1 foot.
9 S. ALE'PPICA (Coult. dips. p. 35. t. 2. f. 8.) stem branched ;
leaves pinnate-lobed : lobes oblong-linear, quite entire ; heads of
flowers pedunculate ; corollas radiant ; base of involucels hardly
elongated, equal in length to the linear foveolae ; crown
spreading, 3 times longer than its base, 20-24-nerved ; limb of
calyx on a long peduncle ; bristles shorter than the crown. Q.
H. Native of the Levant, between Bagdad and Aleppo, where
it was collected by Olivier and Bruguiere. Stems humble, sil-
very, villous. Peduncles smoothish.
J4leppo Scabious. PL humble.
10 S. UKRA'NICA (Lin. spec. p. 144.) stem branched; leaves
ciliated at the base : lower ones pinnatifid, with linear distant
lobes : superior ones linear, quite entire ; heads pedunculate ;
corollas radiant ; base of involucels hemispherical, equal in
length to the foveolae, which are ovate-linear ; crown 20-24-
nerved, acutely toothed, shorter than the bristles. 3£ . H. Na-
tive of the south of Europe, from Spain to Tauria ; also of the
temperate parts of France. Coult. dips. p. 63. var. a, t, £, y,
t. 2. f. 9. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3310. Mor. bibl. ital. p. 9. Rchb. pi.
crit. 4. t. 316. but the fruit is erroneous in the figure. Scabiosa
alba, Scop. del. 3. p. 33. t. 16. S. argentea, Lin. spec. p. 145.
Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 168. Desf! ann. mus. 11. t. 24. S.
Gmelini, St. Hil. bull. phil. 661. p. 149. t. 3. Asterocephalus
pilosus, Lag. gen. et spec. p. 8. Aster, argenteus, Spreng.
Sclerost£mma Scopolii and S. argenteum, Schott. — Gmel. sib.
2. p. 213. t. 87. Cauline leaves ciliated at the base. Flowers
from blue to white, and greenish yellow. Segments of corolla
entire, ciliated.
Var. ft, umbellala (Coult. 1. c. var. /3.) flowers pedicellate,
within the involucrum. I/ . H. Native about Venice. Mori-
cand, fl. ven. 1 . p. 84.
Var, y, Sicula (Coult. 1. c. var. y.) leaves of involucrum elon-
gated, exceeding the flowers. Tf.. H. Native of Sicily, &c.
S. Sicula, Lin. mant. p. 196. S. divaricata, Jacq. hort. vind. 1.
t. 15. Succisa macrocalycina, Mcench. meth. p. 489. S. mari-
tima, Wulf. in Roem. arch. 3. p. 317. Sclerostemma Siculum,
Schott. S. eburnea, Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 106. ex Coult.
Flowers white or rose-coloured. Segments of corolla toothed.
Ukraine Scabious. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1795. PI. 1 foot.
11 S. MICRA'NIHA (Desf. ann. mus. 11. t. 25. choix. t. 40.)
stem branched ; leaves hairy ; lower ones lyrately pinnate,
with oblong or linear lobes ; lower leaves oblong or lanceo-
late-toothed ; heads of flowers on long peduncles, ovate ; co-
rollas equal ; base of involucel hemispherical, equal in length
to the linear ovate foveolae ; crown 20-24-nerved, acutely
toothed, shorter than the bristles. (•)• H. Native of Tauria,
Caucasus, Armenia, and Iberia, in sterile stony places. S. mi-
crantha and S. Biebersteinii, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 80.
and 75. S. Sicula, Bieb. fl. taur. p. 98. S. Ukranica S, Coult.
dips. p. 35. and diss. mss. 1824. Asterocephalus micranthus,
Spreng. S. orientalis villosa, flore suavi rubente, fructu pul-
chro oblongo, Tourn. cor. inst. p. 35. Flowers red. Plant vil-
lous. According to Desfontaines the radical and upper cauline
leaves are entire.
Small-flowered Scabious. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. PL 1
to 2 feet.
12 S. OLIVIE'RI (Coult. dips. p. 36. t. 2. f. 10.) stem much
branched, dichotomous ; leaves linear-oblong, villous, entire or
auricled ; heads small, pedunculate, few-flowered ; base of in-
volucel hemispherical, equal to the obovate foveolae ; crown
entire, spreading, 20-24-nerved, hardly exceeding its base ;
limb of calyx almost sessile, with much exserted bristles. — Na-
tive of the Levant, between Bagdad and Kermancha, where it
was collected by Olivier and Bruguiere. Stem glabrous, white.
Herb very slender. Flowers white.
. VI. SCABIOSA.
691
Olivier's Scabious. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
13 S. ISETE'NSIS (Lin. mant. p. 37.) stem much branched ;
leaves pubescent : lower ones bipinnate-parted ; superior ones
pinnate-parted ; segments of all oblong-linear ; heads and pe-
duncles clothed with white tomentum ; corollas radiant ; base
of involticels elongated, villous ; crown erect, 16-20-nerved,
one-half shorter than the bristles. Tf.. H. Native of Sibe-
ria, in stony dry places, about Isetsk, and at Cape Caucasus; in
the Kirghisean steppe, between the mountains Ku and Karka-
raly, and at the Don. Coult. dips. 1. p. 34. Bieb. suppl. p. 100.
S. rupestris, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 95. S. rupestris and Isetensis,
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 64. 83. Asterocephalus Isetensis,
Spreng. Sclerostemma Isetense, Schott. mss. — Gmel. sib. 2.
p. 214. no. 7. t. 88. Flowers white.
Isetsk Scabious. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1801. PI. 1 foot.
14 S. CRENA'TA (Cyr. pi. rar. neap. 1. p. 11. t. 3.) stems suf-
fruticose at the base, ascending ; leaves smoothish, bipinnatifid :
lobes entire or tridentate ; heads on long peduncles ; corollas
radiant, crenated ; base of involucel equal to the oblong fo-
veolae ; crown subdentate, 16-20-nerved ; limb of calyx sessile ;
bristles twice longer than the crown. If. . Jj . H. Native
of Calabria, on calcareous mountains ; and of Greece. Coult.
dips. p. 36. Asterocephalus crenatus, Spreng. S. coro-
nopifolia, Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. t. 114. S. crenata and S.
coronopifolia, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 71. and 86. — Col.
phyt. 2. f. 31. There are elongated and dwarf varieties of this
plant. — Corollas flesh-coloured or pale-red.
Var. /3, hirsuta (Guss. prod. 1. p. 162.) leaves hairy ; bristles
of calyx 3 times longer than the crown. 3{. or $ . Native of
Sicily, on the mountains. Columbaria crenata, Presl. S. coro-
nopifolia hirsuta, Biv. mant. 3. p. 6.
CVenate-flowered Scabious. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1 825. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
15 S. PECTINA'TA (Lag. clench, madr. 1803. p. 33.) stems
spreading ; leaves fleshy, pinnatifidly pectinated, channelled ;
corollas radiant. O- H. Native of Arabia. Coult. dips. p.
36. Asterocephalus pectinatus, Lag. gen. et spec. p. 8. Said
to be allied to S. Ukrdnica. Flowers violaceous ?
Pectinaled-le&veA Scabious. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI.
\\ foot.
16 S. LYRA TA (Forsk. descrip. p. 203. but not of Lam.) stem
simple ; lower leaves oblong, coarsely and bluntly serrated : su-
perior ones pinnate at the base ; corollas radiant, with entire
lobes. $ . H. Native at the Dardanelles. Vahl. symb. 2. p.
92. Coult. dips. p. 37. Asterocephalus lyratus, Spreng. Stem
rather tomentose. Corollas purple.
Lyrate-]eaved Scabious. PI. 1 foot.
17 S. ACUTIFLO'RA (Rchb. pi. crit. 4. p. 24. t. 326.) stem
branched : lower leaves spatulate, and linearly pinnatifid, ser-
rated : superior ones pinnate-parted, with oblong-linear entire
lobes ; heads of fruit ovate ; corollas 5-cleft, radiant, with the
outer lobes acuminated ; crown a little longer than the tube ;
bristles of calyx 5, exserted. 11 . H. Native of the south of
Europe. Involucels spongy at the edges. Flowers pale, peach-
coloured. Allied to S. Ukrdnica.
Acute-flowered Scabious. PI. 1 foot.
SECT. II. VIDU'A (meaning not explained by the author).
Coult. dips. p. 37. D. C. prod. 4. p. 657. Involucels rounded
at the base, plicate ; tube with the foveolse usually obliterated.
Crown small, inflexed. Limb of calyx pedicellate, with 5 ex-
serted bristles.
18 S. ATROPURPU'REA (Lin. spec. p. 144.) stem branched;
radical leaves lanceolate-ovate, lyrate, coarsely toothed ; cauline
leaves pinnate-parted, with oblong, toothed or cut lobes ; heads
ovate while bearing the fruit ; corollas radiant, a little longer
than the involucra. O- H. Cultivated in gardens. Said to
be spontaneous in India, but Roxburgh contradicts that asser-
tion. Said also to be a native of Sicily, but according to Schouw
it has been introduced there. S. atropurpurea a, and ft, Coult.
dips. p. 37. t. 2. f. 11. Curt. bot. mag. t. 247. Succisa atro-
purpurea, Mcench. Sclerostemma, Schott. Asterocephalus
atropurpureus, Spreng. Sc. calyptocarpa, St. Am. fl. agen. p.
61. — There is a proliferous headed variety of this species (Mor.
oxon. sect. 6. t. 14. f. 27.). The flowers are very sweet-
scented. There is a great variety in their colour, some being of
a purple, approaching to black, others of a pale purple, some
red, some white, and others variegated. It varies also in the
leaves, some being more finely cut than others.
Dark-purple-fiowered or Sweet-scented Scabious. Fl. July,
Aug. Clt. 16*9. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
19 S. SETI'FERA (Lam. ill. no. 1321.) stem branched, downy ;
lower leaves ovate-spatulate, crenated or cut, rather villous ;
superior ones pinnate, with linear-lanceolate obtuse segments,
the terminal segment the largest ; corollas radiant, much longer
than the involucrum. If.. H. Native of the south of France,
about Marseilles. S. atropurpurea /3 setifera, D. C. prod. 4. p.
657. Asterocephalus setifer, Spreng. Corollas lilac. Bristles
of calyx 5, black.
Bristle-bearing Scabious. PI. 2 feet.
20 S. GRANDIBLO'RA (Scop. del. ins. 3. p. 29. t. 14.) stem
branched, downy ; leaves rather villous ; radical ones oblong,
crenated ; cauline ones pinnatifid, with lanceolate linear spread-
ing segments ; corollas amply radiant. l/.H. Native of Bar-
bary, Italy, and Sicily, in fields. Desf. all. 1. p. 123. S.
arvensis, Ucria, but not of Lin. Columbaria vulgaris, Presl.
S. atropurpurea y grandiflora, D. C. prod. 4. p. 657. Corollas
cream-coloured or white, with reddish tubes. Bristles of calyx
5, reddish brown.
Great-flowered Scabious. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1804. PI. 2
to 3 feet.
21 S. MARI'TIMA (Lin. amcen. 4. p. 304.) stem branched ;
radical leaves pinnatifid, with toothed lobes ; middle cauline ones
pinnatifid, with linear entire lobes ; uppermost ones linear and
quite entire ; fructiferous heads globose ; involucrum twice
shorter than the radiant flowers. 0. or $ . H. Native of the
south of France, Corsica, Italy, and Sicily, in arid places by the
sea side. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. no. 3309 a. S. Cupani, Guss.
prod. 1. p. 160.? S. angulata, Radii, car. p. 81.? S. atro-
purpurea var. Coult. Stem villous. Flowers lilac, rose-co-
loured or white.
Sea-side Scabious. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1683. PI. 2 feet.
22 S. DAUCOIDES (Desf. fl. all. 1. p. 123. t. 38.) stem almost
simple ; lower leaves lyrate : cauline ones pinnate-parted, with
linear acute cut segments ; leaves of involucrum pinnatifid ;
bracteas exceeding the fruit. $ . H. Native of Algiers, on
hills. Coult. dips. mss. 1824. Asterocephalus daucoides,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 388. Very like S. atropurptirea. Plant
downy. Corollas bluish or violaceous.
Carrot-like Scabious. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
23 S. AMBI'GUA (Ten. fl. neap, append. 5. 1826. p. 7.) plant
glabrous ; leaves fleshy, shining, crenated ; radical leaves ob-
ovate : cauline leaves lyrate or pinnatifid, with oblong remote
entire lobes ; heads few-flowered, radiant ; tube of corolla very
long; corolla spongy, involute. If. H. Native of the king-
dom of Naples, at Paneta del Fusaro, in corn-fields by the sea
side. Flowers purple or blue.
Ambiguous Scabious. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
24 S. CORNUCOPIA (Vivian, add. fl. itin. in fl. lyb. p. 67.) plant
hairy ; radical leaves elliptic, toothed ; cauline ones pinnate :
flowers 5-cleft, pedicellate within the involucrum ; involucels
trifid ; seed triaristate. — Native of Liguria, in the valley of
4 T 2
692
DIPSACEiE. VI. SCABIOSA.
Andora, and Sicily. Perhaps a proliferous variety of S. grandi-
flora, Guss. or S. atropurpurea.
Horn-of-Plenty Scabious. PI. 2 feet ?
25 S. INTEGRA'TA (Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. 2. p. 88.) lower
leaves oblong, entire : inferior ones lyrate : upper ones pinna-
tifid or wanting ; corollas 5-cleft, radiant. % . H. Native of
Portugal. Said to be allied to S. Columbaria and S. grandi-
flora.
Entire-leaved Scabious. PI. 2 feet.
* Species belonging to the present tribe of the genus, but are
not sufficiently known.
26 S. LIMONIFO'LIA (Vahl, symb. 2. p. 27.) stem shrubby ;
radical leaves coriaceous, obovate, quite entire, glabrous, and
green above, but reticulated and clothed with hoary tomentum
beneath ; cauline leaves connate at the base ; corollas equal, 6-
cleft ; crown scarious, plicate, denticulated at the apex, broad, ex-
tended ; limb of calyx sessile ; bristles of calyx 4-5, exserted.
fj . H. Native of Sicily, among the mountains on calcareous
rocks. Guss. prod. p. 104. Coult. dips. p. 42. Asterocephalus
limonifolius, Spreng. — Cup. panpli. 2. t. 247. Lower leaves
like those of Stdtice Limbnium. Corollas blue.
Limonium-leaved Scabious. Shrub.
27 S. SAXA'TILIS (Cav. icon. 2. p. 68. t. 184.) stem herba-
ceous, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, quite entire, green above,
tomentose beneath ; cauline leaves very few, connate at the
base ; corollas equal, 4-5-cleft ; crown white, ciliated ; bristles of
calyx 5, purple. 1] . H. Native of Spain, in the fissures of
rocks, in Valentia. Coult. dips. p. 42. Asterocephalus saxatilis,
Spreng. Corollas white; anthers violaceous. Very like S. succisa.
Rock Scabious. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1827. PI. 1 foot.
28 S. NI'TENS (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 82.) stem herba-
ceous ; leaves undivided, elliptic, serrated, shining, petiolate ;
corollas radiant, 5-cleft. y., H. Native of the Azores. S.
lucida, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 229. but not of Vill.
Asterocephalus lucidus, Spreng.
Glittering-leaved Scabious. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1779. PI.
SECT. III. Succf SA (from succido, to cut down ; on account of
the praemorse root of the first species). Coult. dips. p. 37. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 657. but not of others. Base of involucels not dis-
tinguishable from the tube ; having the foveolae engraven from
the base to the crown. Crown spreading, short, membranous.
Limb of calyx sessile, with 5 bristles, of which some are some-
times abortive and sometimes all.
* Corollas 5-cleft.
29 S. AFRICA'NA (Lin. spec. p. 145.) stem shrubby; leaves
lyrate, coarsely toothed, rather hairy ; heads of flowers pedun-
culate ; corollas hardly radiant ; tube of involucel obconical ;
crown one-half shorter than the tube, 24-28- nerved ; bristles of
calyx 5, exserted. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Coult. dips. p. 37. t. 2. f. 12. Shrub evergreen, with the leaves
variable in form, sometimes they are obovate-oblong, toothed at
the base (Herm. par. t. 219.), sometimes cut at the base (Breyn.
icon. 33. t. 26. S. altissima, Jacq. hort. vind. t. 185.), sometimes
lyrately pinnatifid (Herm. par. t. 221.). S. indurata, Lin.
mant. p. 196. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. S. incisa, Mill. diet,
no. 18. Young stems and leaves villous. Heads about the size
of walnuts. Corollas white, but in the variety altissima pale
purple or blue.
African Scabious. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1690. Shrub 4
to 6 feet.
30 S. FISCHE'RI (D. C. prod. 4. p. 658.) stem branched,
smoothish ; leaves all pinnate, almost glabrous, with linear acute
entire lobes ; leaves of involucrum equal in length to the co-
rollas, which are 5-cleft and radiant; crown of the involucel,
which is somewhat cylindrical, membranous, and 3 times shorter
than the tube ; bristles of sessile calyx pale, twice the length of
the crown. I/ . H. Native of Dahuria. It was sent to Gay
from Fischer under the name of S. Dahurica. Perhaps the
same as S. comosa, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 84. ? in which
the corollas are said to be large, showy, and violaceous, and in
this bluish-purple.
Fischer's Scabious. PI. 2 feet.
31 S. SEMIPAPPOSA (Salzm. pi. exsic. 1825. ex D. C. prod. 4
p. 658.) plant hairy, rather canescent; stem herbaceous,
branched ; lower leaves oval, coarsely toothed, petiolate : supe-
rior ones pinnatifid, with oblong-linear, acute, subdentate lobes ;
heads of flowers pedunculate ; leaves of involucrum linear-subu-
late, ciliated, at length reflexed ; corollas radiant ; heads ovate ;
lower fruit of the heads without bristles : the rest furnished each
with 5 long exserted bristles. — Native about Tangiers and Mo-
godor. S. atropurpurea y, corona erecta, Coult. dips. p. 37.
Semi-pappose Scabious. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
32 S. LU'CIDA (Vill. dauph. 2. p. 293.) plant glabrous ; stems
usually 1 -flowered; leaves shining: radical ones ovate-lanceo-
late, obtuse, crenated ; cauline ones pinnatifid, with linear acute
lobes ; involucrum usually exceeding the radiant flowers ;
crown 20-24-nerved, 3 times shorter than the tube ; bristles of
calyx 5, black, equal in length to the flowers, but 5 times longer
than the crown. "U. . H. Native of France, in alpine places,
Savoy, Switzerland, Austria, Syria, and Croatia, D. C. fl. fr. 4.
p. 228. Rchb. pi. crit. 4. t. 381. S. stricta, Waldst. et Kit.
pi. rar. hung. 2. t. 138. S. Norica, Vest. bot. zeit. 1805. no.
3. Wahl. fl. carp. p. 39. S. Columbaria a, Coult. dips. p. 38.
exclusive of the two synonymes. Asterocephalus strictus,
Spreng. Corollas pale blue, or of a pale violaceous colour. In
the wild plant the stems usually bear only one head of flowers.
This plant, with several of the following, are combined under
the name of S. polymorpha, by Wibel, and by Coulter under that
of S, Columbaria.
Shining-leaved Scabious. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1800. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
33 S. AMCE'NA (Jacq. fil. eclog. 1. p. 86. t. 59.) stem branched,
rather hairy at the base ; radical leaves obovate, toothed or ly-
rate, rather hairy : cauline leaves pinnatifid, with lanceolate
acute nearly entire lobes ; peduncles elongated, beset with retro-
grade villi under the heads; corollas radiant ; crown 20-nerved,
3 times shorter than the tube ; bristles of calyx 5, of a rufous
brown colour, 4 times longer than the crown. If.. H. Native
of Russia. S. nitida, Bernh. ex Roem. ex Schultes, syst. 3. p.
68. S. longipedunculata, Fisch. et Jacq. S. Columbaria a,
Coult. dips. p. 38. Asterocephalus amcevnus, Spreng. Flowers
lilac or rose-coloured. There are varieties of this having the
involucrum either longer or shorter than the flowers.
Pleasing Scabious. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 2. to 3
feet.
34 S. ANOUSTIFOLIA (Hoffm. verz. 1826. p. 206.) stem quite
glabrous ; leaves downy : radical ones petiolate, oblong, toothed :
lower ones lyrately pinnatifid, serrately cut: superior ones ovate,
somewhat lyrately twice bipinnate, with linear lobes ; peduncles
scabrous from retrograde hairs at the apex ; leaves of involucrum
linear, terminated each by a hair. Tf.. H. Native country un-
known. Said to be allied to S. amos'na.
Narrow-leaved Scabious. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
35 S. OCHROLEU'CA (Lin. spec. p. 146.) stem branched, rather
hairy ; radical leaves lyrately pinnatifid, downy on both sur-
faces : cauline ones pinnate-parted, with flat linear lobes ; pe-
duncles elongated, rather hairy ; crown 20-nerved, one-half
shorter than the tube ; bristles of calyx fucescent, 3 times longer
than the crown. If., H. Native of Europe, Caucasus, and Si-
DIPSACEjE. VI. SCABIOSA.
693
beria, in dry warm places. Jacq. obs. 3. t. 73. 74. fl. austr. t.
439. S. heterophyllos, Gmel. itin. 1. t. 28. S. tenuifolia,
Roth. germ. 1. p. 59. S. polymorpha S, Weig. obs. p. 24.
Asterocephalus ochroleucus, Wallr. sched. crit. 50. S. Colum-
baria ochroleuca, Coult. Rchb. pi. crit. 4. t. 355. — Gerard,
herb. 584. f. 7. Barrel, icon. t. 770. f. 2. Stem purplish at
the joints. It differs from all the European species of Scabibsa
in the flowers being cream-coloured.
Cream-coloured-flowered Scabious. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1597.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
36 S. SCOPOLII (Link, enum. hort. berol. 1. p. 128. but not
of Vis.) stem clothed with retrograde hairs above ; leaves hairy :
radical ones oblong, crenate : lower cauline leaves pinnatifid ;
superior ones bipinnatifid; lobes linear, cut ; leaves of involu-
crum linear, clothed with adpressed hairs. I/ . H. Native of
the south of Europe. Corollas cream-coloured. According to
Link, this species comes nearest to S. ockroleilca, but according
to Coulter, to S. Banatica.
Scopoli's Scabious. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. I to 2
feet.
37 S. REVE'RSA (Ledeb. ined. sem. hort. dorp, suppl. 182t.
p. 6.) radical leaves obovate, obtuse, crenated, clothed with
spreading down : cauline leaves pinnate, with deeply cut seg-
ments ; peduncles beset with retrograde hairs ; involucrum ex-
ceeding the corollas, which are rather radiant and 5-cleft. TJ. .
H. Native country unknown. Said to be nearly allied to S.
grandiflbra and S. Scopolii.
Reverse-haired Scabious. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
38 S. PAUCISE'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 658.) stem branched,
hairy at the base ; radical leaves lyrately-pinnatifid, hairy, hav-
ing the terminal lobe ovate and coarsely toothed : cauline leaves
pinnate-parted, with narrow lobes ; flowers radiant ; heads of
fruit globose ; crown 20-nerved, 3 times shorter than the fruit ;
bristles of calyx usually only one, rarely 2-3, black, 3 times
longer than the crown. If. H. Native of Italy, in fields about
Pisa, Carrara, Sarzana, &c. S. uniseta, Savi, fl. pis. p. 167. t.
2. f. 6. S. Gramuntia, var. Seb. et Maur. fl. rom. p. 76. S.
tenuifolia, var. Savi, bot. etrus. 122. S. Columbaria, var. Poll.
Coult. Flowers violaceous. Perhaps the same as S. Saviana,
Rchb. hort. bot. 1 . t. 53. but in that plant the bristles of the
calyx are 5, and the heads ovate.
Fen-bristled Scabious. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
39 S. COLUMBAVRIA (Lin. spec. 143.) stem branched, smooth-
ish ; radical leaves ovate, obtuse, petiolate, crenated, membran-
ous, clothed with canescent down on both surfaces : cauline
leaves smoothish, pinnate-parted, with flat linear segments ;
peduncles elongated, usually trifid, downy ; corollas radiant ;
heads of fruit ovate-globose; crown 20-nerved, one-half shorter
than the tube ; bristles of calyx 5, twice longer than the crown.
If. . H. Native of Europe, Caucasus, and Siberia, very com-
mon ; in England plentiful on chalky soils. Coult. dips. p. 39.
var. S, Smith, engl. bot. 1311. Rchb. pi. crit. 4. t. 353. Savi,
fl. pis. 1. p. 165. t. 2. f. g. Fl. dan. t. 314. Asterocephalus
Columbaria, Wallr. sched. crit. 48. Flowers purple or viola-
ceous. This is a very polymorphous plant.
Var. ft, Columnce (D. C. prod. 4. p. 659.) leaves villous ; lobes
of cauline leaves wedge-shaped, cut ; bristles of fruit 3-5, deci-
duous. I/ . H. Native about Naples, in fields. S. Columnae,
Ten. fl. nep. 1. p. 29. t. 7.
Var. y, commutata (D. C. 1. c.) stem glabrous ; leaves smooth-
ish : radical ones on long petioles, deeply serrated or pinnatifid :
cauline leaves pinnate, with linear lobes. If. H. Native of
Siberia. S. commutata, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 65. Co-
rollas deep blue, radiant.
Pigeon Scabious. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 1 foot.
40 S. BANA'TICA (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. t. 12.) stem
branched, beset with reflexed white hairs at the base and at the
joints ; radical leaves lyrate, hairy : cauline ones somewhat bi-
pinnate, with linear ciliated segments, which are each terminated
by a white hair ; involucrum equal in length to the corollas ;
seeds furnished with 8 pilose ribs ; bristles of calyx 5, long,
black. If. H. Native of Hungary, on rocks. S. diversi-
folia, Baumg. enum. hisp. trans. 1. p. 75. S. Columbaria y?
Banatica, D. C. prod. 4. p. 659. Asterocephalus Banaticus,
Spreng. Receptacles of heads columnar. Corollas pale red or
cream-coloured, with red rays. Anthers pale red.
Banatic Scabious. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. 2 to 3
feet.
41 S. AGRF/STIS (Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 3. t. 204.)
stem terete, purplish at the joints, glaucous, hairy at the base ;
radical leaves entire and somewhat lyrate : cauline ones tripin-
nate and pinnate, with linear segments ; peduncles hairy at top ;
corollas radiant ; leaves of involucrum linear, downy ; seeds
crowned by a membrane, which at length ends in 5 teeth ; angles
of seeds downy. If. H. Native of Hungary and Croatia, in
dry fields. S. columbaria, var. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 96. S. Co-
lumnar, Tenor, prod. fl. neap. p. 12. fl. neap. 1. p. 29. t. 7. S.
columbaria 3? agrestis, D. C. prod. 4. p. 659. Asterocephalus
agrestis, Spreng. Corollas pale lilac. Heads on long pedun-
cles ; hence the plant is sometimes to be found in gardens under
the name of S. longipedunculata.
Field Scabious. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. l£ to 3 ft.
42 S. GRAMU'NTIA (Lin. spec. 145.) stem rather hairy; pe-
duncles beset with retrograde hairs under the heads ; radical
leaves pinnatifid, with obtuse distant segments ; cauline ones
bipinnate, with linear segments ; leaves of involucrum linear,
acute, short ; bristles of calyx 5, dark brown ; corollas radiant,
sometimes 4-cleft. 2f . H. Native of the middle and west of
France, the north of Africa, and the Pyrenees. S. triandra,
Lin spec. p. 99. S. columbaria e, Gramuntia, D. C. fl. fr. no.
3305. Asterocephalus Gramuntius, Spreng. S. gracilis, Roam,
et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 104. — Gerard, herb. 584. f. 2. Leaves
cinereous from villi. Corollas lilac or red.
Gramont Scabious. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1597. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
43 S. CERATOPHY'LLA (Tenor, prod. fl. neap. p. 12. fl. neap.
1. p. 31. t. 8.) stem fistular, villous; radical leaves lyrate, cre-
nated : cauline ones bipinnatifid, with linear falcate segments ;
leaves of involucrum equal in length to the flowers ; bristles of
calyx 5. 7/ . H. Native of Abruzzo, in forests. S. pilosa,
Lag. Flowers red or lilac.
Horn-leaved Scabious. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 ft.
44 S. HISPA'NICA (Willd. in Room, et Schultes, syst. 3. p.
521.) leaves pinnate-parted : the terminal lobe lanceolate, and a
little toothed ; corollas 5-cleft, radiant, longer than the involu-
crum. I/ . H. Native of Spain. According to Coulter, this is
hardly distinct from S. columbaria.
Spanish Scabious. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
45 S. CORONOPIFOJ.IA (Willd. herb, but not of fl. graec.) radi-
cal leaves lanceolate-spatulate, sharply toothed, or pinnately
jagged : cauline ones pinnate-parted, with divaricate linear
lobes ; corollas 5-cleft, radiant. If. . H. Native of Siberia.
S. ceratophylla, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 521. but not of
Tenore. The rest unknown.
Coronopus-leaved Scabious. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
46 S. HERACLE'A (Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 521.)
lower leaves bipinnatifid : superior ones pinnate-lobed ; corollas
5-cleft, radiant. — Native at the Straits of Gaudilava. The rest
unknown.
Hercules' Scabious. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
47 S. INCA'NA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 521. and 67.)
stem villous ; leaves hoary, pinnate-parted, with linear ciliated
694
DIPSACE^E. VI. SCABIOSA.
lobes; corollas 5-cleft, radiant. — Native of Tauria. S. Ucra-
nica, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 97.? S. incana, Schultes, obs. 19.
Hardly distinct from S. columbaria, or S. svaveolens. Radical
leaves quite entire and lyrate, ciliated ; leaves of involucrum ob-
tuse. Corollas radiant, violaceous. Pappus 5-awned.
Hoary Scabious. PI. 8 to 2 feet.
48 S. RHIZA'NTHA (Viv. fl. lib. spec. p. 6. t. 3. f. a. b.) radical
leaves elliptic : cauline ones pinnate-lobed : lobes all linear ;
central peduncle rising from the root, bearing one head: the
rest rising from the tops of the branches ; leaves of involucrum
5, linear; corollas 5-cleft, radiant; bristles of calyx 5. I/ . H.
Native of Cyrenaica, on the mountains.
Root-flowered Scabious. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
49 S. HLADNIKIA'NA (Host, fl. austr. 1. p. 195.) stem
straight, branched, downy ; leaves hispid : lower ones obovate,
crenated : upper ones pinnate-parted : lobes jagged ; leaves of
involucrum linear; corollas 5-cleft, radiant ; bristles of calyx 5,
dark purple. I/. H. Native of Carniola, on the mountains.
Rchb. pi. crit. 5. p. 30. Corollas purplish.
Hladnilci's Scabious. PI. I to 2 feet.
50 S. HU'MILIS (Host, fl. austr. 1. p. 195. but not of Thunb.)
stem branched, glabrous, ascending ; lower leaves oblong, cre-
nated or jagged : superior ones pinnate-parted : lobes jagged ;
peduncles beset with reflexed hairs; leaves of involucrum linear-
subulate ; corollas 5-cleft, radiant ; bristles of calyx 5. If.. H.
Native of the alps of Austria, about Gemona. Corollas white,
suffused with purple. Rchb. pi. crit. 5. p. 30.
Humble Scabious. PL ^ foot.
51 S. NEGLE'CTA (Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 127.) leaves all ly-
rate or pinnatifid ; peduncles very long ; leaves of involucrum
exceeding the corollas, which are 5-cleft and radiant. I/. H.
Native of Italy. Flowers red or lilac. The plant we have in
the gardens under this name appears to be nothing but S. Gra-
miintia.
Neglected Scabious. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. PL 1 to
2 feet.
52 S. LACINIA'TA (Licht. in Roam, et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 87.)
plant downy ; stem dichotomous ; lower leaves obovate-oblong,
unequally and bluntly serrated : superior ones pinnatifid ; lobes
cut, acute ; corollas 5-cleft, radiant — Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Leaves of involucrum downy, linear, acute, and
sometimes bifid, one-half shorter than the corollas, which are
pale violet.
Jagged-leaveA Scabious. PL 1 to 2 feet.
53 S. PYHENA'ICA (All. ped. 1. p. 140. t. 25. f. 2. and 26. f.
1.) the whole plant clothed with cinereous tomentum ; stem a
little branched, few-flowered ; radical leaves oblong, crenated :
upper cauline ones bipinnatifid : lobes linear, quite entire ; co-
rollas radiant ; leaves of involucrum lanceolate ; crown 3 times
shorter than the tube, 20-nerved ; bristles of calyx 5, 4 times
longer than the crown. If. H. Native of the south of Europe,
on the lower mountains and hills ; and of Caucasus, on the Ta-
lusch Mountains, in dry fields. Dub. bot. gall. p. 256. S.
columbaria, var. Coult. dips. p. 38. exclusive of the synonymes.
Corollas frequently reddish purple, but most often of a bluish
purple.
Var. a, cinerea (D. C. prod. 4. p. 659.) plant clothed with
hairy down. Of. H. Native of the Pyrenees. S. cinerea, Lam.
ill. no. 2319. S. maritima, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 225. S. Pyre-
naica, D. C. fl. f. 4. p. 229.
Var. ft, mollissima (D. C. 1. c.) plant clothed with hoary to-
mentose velvety down. I/ . H. Native from Nice to Sarzana.
S. mollissima, Visiani, ann. 2. p. 161. Asterocephalus mollis-
simus, Spreng. S. laxiflora, Link. enum. 1. p. 128. The plant
in the gardens, under the name of S. mollissima, has white
flowers.
Var. y, tomentosa (D. C. 1. c.) lower leaves lyrately pinnatifid,
obtuse: superior ones divided into linear acute lobes. Tf,. H.
Native of Spain, in the kingdom of Valentia. S. tomentosa,
Cav. icon. 2. t. 183. Asterocephalus tomentosus, Spreng. Co-
rollas pale violaceous.
Pyrenean Scabious. FL June, July. Clt. 1819. PL 1 ft.
54 S. HOLOSERICEA (Bertol. dec. 3. p. 49.) plant clothed with
soft hoary tomentose velvety down ; lower leaves lanceolate, ob-
tuse, crenated : superior ones pinnatifid, with lanceolate acute
entire lobes ; leaves of involucrum linear ; corollas radiant ;
crown 20-nerved, 3 times shorter than the tube, which is hairy ;
bristles of calyx 5, black, twice longer than the crown. If. . H.
Native of the Appenines, Abruzzo, Dalmatia, and the Pyrenees.
D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 480. Dub. ench. 1. p. 256. S. columbaria
holosericea, Coult. dips. p. 39. Asterocephalus sericeus, Spreng.
Leaves sometimes all simple. Corollas bluish purple.
Whole-silky Scabious. Fl. July. Clt. 1818. PL 1 to 2 ft.
55 S. WEBBIA'NA (D. Don, in bot. reg. t. 717.) plant clothed
with soft silky hoary tomentum ; lower leaves petiolate, obovate,
crenated : superior ones pinnatifid, with ovate or oblong entire
lobes ; heads on long peduncles ; corollas nearly equal ; crown
4 times longer than the tube ; bristles of calyx 5, black. I/ . H.
Native of Phrygia, on the top of Mount Ida. Asterocephalus
Webbianus, Spreng. Flowers cream-coloured.
Webb's Scabious. Fl. July. Clt. 1818. PL | foot.
56 S. MOLLIS (VVilld. enum. suppl. p. 7.) lower leaves supra-
decompound : superior ones bipinnate-parted ; lobes of all very
slender and filiform, smoothish, except the margins, which are
rather pilose ; peduncles very long, scabrous ; involucrum equal
to the corollas, which are 5-cleft and radiant ; crown spreading ;
bristles of calyx 3-5, short. I/. H. Native country unknown.
Rchb. pi. crit. 4. t. 353. S. capillata, Roam, et Schultes, syst.
3. p. 64. Lower leaves lyrate, soft, tomentose, ex Link. enum.
1. p. 128. Flowers pale violaceous, ex Willd. Perhaps only a
variety of S. columbaria or S. Pyrenaica.
Soft Scabious. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PL 2 to 3 ft.
57 S. PU'MILA (Poir. diet. 6. p. 723.) plant hispid from grey
pili ; stem short, almost simple ; radical leaves lyrate or pinna-
tifid, with obtuse toothed lobes : cauline leaves pinnate-parted,
with linear acute lobes, which are sometimes trifid at the apex ;
leaves of involucrum lanceolate, villous, shorter than the corollas,
which are 5-cleft and radiant ; bristles of calyx 5, black, nearly
equal in length to the corollas. If . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Asterocephalus pumilus, Spreng. S. acaulis, Lin.
mant. 196. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 145. S. nudicaulis, Lam. ill. no.
1331. Corollas cream-coloured or nearly white. Plant very hairy.
Dwarf Scabious. PL -1 foot.
58 S. SUAVE'OLENS (Desf. cat. hort. par. p. 110.) plant rather
canescent from short down ; stems straight ; radical leaves ob-
long, attenuated at the base, quite entire : cauline ones pinnate-
parted, with linear-thickish quite entire lobes, smoothish ; heads
of fruit ovate ; flowers radiant ; tube of involucel cylindrical ;
crown very short, 16-nerved; bristles 5, spreading, hardly ex-
serted. If. H. Native of France, Germany, Sweden, Hun-
gary, &c. on the higher hills. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3307. Coult.
dips. p. 39. t. 2. f. 14. S. asterocephala, Thrill, herb. S.
columbaria odorata, Thrill, fl. fr. 1. p. 72. S. canescens, Waldst.
et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 1. t. 53. Asterocephalus canescens, Lag.
Spreng. Asterocephalus suaveolens, Wallr. sched. crit. p. 51.
S. media, Ger. hist. p. 720. Corollas of a bluish lilac colour,
having a scent like O'rchis nigra.
Snieet-scented-fiov/ered Scabious. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1802.
PL 1 to 1| foot.
59 S. DICHOTOMA (Ucria. pi. lin. add. 249. Willd. enum. 1.
p. 144.) smoothish ; stem dichotomous ; heads almost [sessile at
the sides, globose ; leaves oblong, entire : radical ones petiolate
DIPSACE^E. VI. SCABIOSA.
695
and toothed : cauline ones almost sessile, quite entire ; corollas
equal ; tube of involucel nearly cylindrical ; crown 20-24-
nerved, one-half shorter than the tube ; bristles of calyx spread-
ing, very short, inclosed. O- H. Native of Mauritania, Si-
cily, &c. Coult. dips. 9. t. 2. f. 15. Guss. prod. 1. p. 163.
Asterocephalus dichotomus, Lag. gen. et spec. 8. S. parviflora,
Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 119. Lower leaves sometimes lyrate or jagged.
Corollas 5-eleft, and flesh-coloured ; but by some authors they
are said to be 4-cleft.
Dichotomous-stemmed Scabious. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804.
(PL 1 to 1^ foot.
CO S. UHCEOLA'TA (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 122.) glabrous ; leaves
rather fleshy : radical ones oblong, bluntly and sinuately pin-
natifid : cauline ones pinnate-parted, with linear lobes ; leaves of
involucrum 5-7, combined at the base ; heads on long peduncles ;
corollas nearly equal. %. H. Native of Corsica, Sicily, Etru-
ria, Portugal, Mauritania at Tangiers, Tunis, and Mogodor, in
sand by the sea side. Coult. dips. p. 39. t. 2. f. 16. S. rntae-
f61ia, Vahl. symb. 2. p. 26. S. divaricata, Lam. ill. no. 1311. S.
maruima rutaefolia, Bocc. sic. t. 40. f. 3. Asterocephalus urceo-
latus, Spreng. Pycnocomon rutaefolium, Hofftn. et Link. fl. port.
1. c. Corollas pale yellow.
l/rceo/a<e-involucred Scabious. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1804.
PI. 1 to 3 feet.
* * Corollas 4,-cleft.
61 S. SUCCISA (Lin. spec. 142.) root praemorse, or appearing
as if it was bitten off at the end ; radical leaves ovate-lanceolate,
acuminated at both ends : cauline leaves connate, almost entire ;
heads of flowers pedunculate ; leaves of involucrum disposed in
2-3 series ; corollas equal ; tube of involucel 4-sided ; crown
very short, undulated ; bristles of calyx short, a little exserted,
connivent. If. . H. Native of Europe even to Caucasus, very
common in bogs and moist meadows and pastures ; plentiful in
Britain. Fl. dan. t. 279. Smith, engl. bot. t. 878. Curt. lond.
3. t. 10. Coult. dips. p. 39. t. 2. f. 17. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 226.
Blackw. t. 142. Asterocephalus Succisa, Wallr. s«!ied. 1. p. 52.
Succisa pratensis, Mcench. meth. p. 489. The lower stem leaves
are toothed, but the upper ones are entire. Involucrum hairy.
Flowers violet or dark purplish blue, varying to flesh-coloured
and milk-white. The leaves are sometimes gashed according to
Haller, and the heads of flowers are sometimes proliferous. In cul-
tivation the plant becomes more branched than in the wild state.
In days of superstition it was fabled that the Devil, envying the
good this herb might do to mankind, bit away a part of the root;
hence the plant is commonly called Deeil's-bit, This appear-
ance of a stumped root is not peculiar to S. succisa, but is ob-
served in some species of Plantago, and many other herbs.
According to Bergen the root is astringent, and the infusion of
it bitterish, but not unpleasant. A strong decoction of it, kept
a good while, was formerly an empirical secret for gonorrhoeas.
Linnaeus says that the dried leaves are used to dye wool yellow
or green.
Var. a, hirsuta (Wallr. sched. 1. c.) stem, peduncles, and both
sides of leaves hairy. 1£. H. Thii is the British variety. Suc-
cisa hirsuta, C. Bauh. pin. p. 269.
Var. fl, glabrata (Wallr. sched. 1. c.) stem and both sides of
leaves glabrous. I/. H. Succisa glabra, C. Bauh. pin. 269.
S. glabrata, Schott. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 61.
Common Devil' s-bit. Fl. Aug. Oct. Britain. PI. 1 foot.
62 S. AUSTRALIS (Wulf. in Roem. arch. 3. p. 216.) plant
smoothish ; leaves ovate, elongated, acuminated, almost quite
entire : lowermost ones somewhat auriculated at the petioles ;
heads ovate ; leaves of involucrum disposed in two series ; co-
rollas equal ; tube of involucel lagenaeform ; crown obsolete ;
bristles of calyx abortive. I/ . H. Native of Upper Italy,
Syria, and Pannonia, in marshy parts of woods, and by the sides
of rivulets. Coult. dips. p. 40. t. 2. f. 18. Rchb. pi. crit. 4. t.
325. S. repens, Brign. for Jul. 19. Nocc. et Balb. fl. ticin. 68.
t. 2. S. pseudaustralis, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 60. Roots
creeping, tufted. Corollas of a bluish violet or purple colour,
but Wulfen says they are yellow ; there are, therefore, 2 plants
probably confused under this name, or only mere variations in
the colour of the flowers.
Southern Devil's-bit. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1. ft.
63 S. TENUII'OLIA (Linnaea. vol. 8.) bristles of pappus twice
longer than the denticulated calyx ; corollas downy, equal,
shorter than the involucrum ; heads ovate ; stem erect,
branched ; cauline leaves pinnate, with linear, acute, quite en-
tire, elongated segments. 3£. H. Native country unknown.
Said to be nearly allied to S. Australis.
Fine-leaved Devil's-bit. PI. 1 foot.
t Species not sufficiently known.
§ 1 . Leaves entire or serrated.
64 S. ? AMPLEXICAC'LIS (Lin. inant. p. 195.) stem herbaceous,
brachiate ; leaves stem-clasping, lanceolate, quite entire : radi-
cal ones trifid ; corollas radiant, 4-cleft. — Native country
unknown. Succisa amplexicaulis, Spreng. Said to be nearly
allied to S. integrifolia, Lin. Corollas bluish. According to
Coulter, it is probably a species of Knaulia.
Var. ft, lyrata (Room, et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 62.) lower
leaves lyrate, obtuse, crenated ; superior ones lanceolate, ses-
sile. If,. H. Native of France. S. lyrata, Lam. ill. no. 1310.
Flowers pale red.
Stem-clasping-]ea.\ed Scabious. PI. 1 foot.
65 S. ? COCHINCHINE'NSIS (Lour. coch. p. 68.) stem quite
simple, nearly naked ; leaves lanceolate, undivided, undulated ;
radical leaves quite entire; involucrum 3-leaved; corollas 5-
cleft; pappus pilose. — Native of China and Cochin-china. Aste-
rocephalus Cochinchinensis, Spreng. Flowers purple. Corollas
5-cleft, nearly equal. Bristles of calyx 5.
Cochin-china Scabious. PL 1 foot.
§ 2. Leaves lyrate or pinnate- lobed.
* Corollas 4,-cleft.
66 S. ? DAHU'RICA (Willd. in Room, et Schultes, syst. 3. p.
521.) leaves pinnate-parted, tomentose ; lobes pinnatifidly jag-
ged ; stem tomentose ; corollas 4-cleft, radiant. — Native of
Dahuria. Coult. dips. p. 41. There is another plant under this
name by Fischer, cultivated in the gardens.
Dahurian Scabious. PI. 1 foot.
67 S. HIRTA (Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 251.)
leaves all pinnate, and are as well as the stem hairy ; lobes or
segments linear-lanceolate, acute ; corollas 4-cleft, radiant. —
Native of Siberia. Coult. dips. p. 41. The rest unknown.
Hairy Scabious. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
• * Corollas 5-cleft.
68 S. STYRiACA (Vest, in flora. 1821. p. 146.) plant clothed
with fine hairs ; stem much branched, many-flowered ; leaves all
pinnate-parted ; lobes lanceolate, few, each furnished with a tooth ;
leaves of involucrum linear, spreading ; corollas 5-cleft, radiant,
outer lobes acute ; crown quite entire ; bristles of calyx wanting.
— Native of Styria.
Styrian Scabious. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cull. Many of the species of this genus are very ornamental,
and are well fitted for decorating flower-borders. The peren-
nial herbaceous kinds are easily increased by seed, or dividing
at the root. The seeds of annual kinds only require to be sown
696
CALYCERE.E. I. CALYCERA. II. Boons. III. ACICARPHA.
in the open ground. The shrubby species are increased by cut-
tines under a hand-glass, or by seed. The species most worthy
of cultivation are S. Caucasica, S. gramnifolia, S. atropurpurea,
S. grandifora, and many others.
ORDER CXXXIII. CALYCE'RE^E (this order contains plants
agreeing with Calycera in important characters). R. Br. in
Lin. trans. 12. p. 132. (1816). Rich, in mem. mus. 6. p. 76.
(1820). Lindl. introd. bot. p. 201.— Bhoodpideae, Cassim in
diet. des. sc. 5. p. 26. suppl. 1817.
Calyx of 5 unequal segments. Corolla regular, funnel-
shaped, with a long slender tube, and 5-3-nerved segments ;
glandular spaces or areolae below the stamens, and alternate
with them. Stamens 5, monadelphous ; anthers combined by
their lower half. Ovarium inferior, 1-celled. Style smooth,
clavate in the upper part ; stigma capitate, undivided. Fruit or
acheniffi indehiscent, crowned by the rigid spiny segments of the
calyx. Seed solitary, inverted, sessile. Embryo in the axis of
fleshy albumen, slender.— Herbaceous plants, with alternate
leaves without stipulas. Flowers collected into heads, which are
either terminal or opposite the leaves, surrounded by an invo-
lucrum, and bearing bracteas among the flowers. Flowers ses-
sile, hermaphrodite or neuter. This is a very small tribe of
plants, differing from Composites in their albuminous pendulous
ovulum, and half distinct anthers; and from Dipsacece in their
filaments being monadelphous, and their combined anthers.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 CALYCE'RA. Crown of fruit in some long' horned, and in
others short and scaly.
2 BOOPIS. Limb of corolla not contracted, campanulate.
Fruit crowned by the segments of the calyx, which are stiff and
membranous, but acute and spinescent at the apex.
3 ACICA'RPHA. Lower flowers of the heads fertile : superior
ones numerous and sterile. Tube of anthers undivided. Fruit
combined into a globose echinated head.
I. CALYCE'RA (from icaXv£, a calyx, and ncpac, keras, a
horn ; the crown of the fruit is a long horn). Cav. icon. 4. p.
34. t. 358. Juss. ann. mus. 2. p. 350. Pers. ench. 2. p. 500.
Cassini, diet. 5. suppl. p. 28.
LIN. SYST. Syngenesia, Necessaria. Involucrum 5-parted.
Flowers fertile, dissimilar, and promiscuous. Segments of the
calyx in some long and horn-formed, and in others short and
scale-formed. Limb of calyx contracted a little below the lobes.
Tube of stamens inserted a little below the contraction of the
corolla, divided at the top. — Herbaceous plants with sub-pinna-
tifid leaves and terminal heads of flowers.
1 C. CAVANIIIE'SII (Richard, in ann. mus. 6. p. 77.) gla-
brous ; leaves semi-pinnatifid ; fructiferous heads almost 2
inches long, globose ; bracteoles narrow and subulate at the
apex. I/ . F. Native of Chili. C. herbacea, Cav. icon. 4. p.
34. t. 358. Pers. ench. 2. p. 500. Flowers green.
Cavanilles's Calycera. PI. 1 foot.
2 C. BALSAMnvEFOLiA (Rich. ann. mus. 6. p. 86. t. 10.) stem
pilose ; leaves deeply toothed or subpinnatifid, downy on the
margins ; bracteoles linear, subulate at the apex. Tj . F. Na-
tive of Chili, where it was collected by Dombey. Boopis
balsamitaefolia, Juss. ann. mus. 2. p. 350. Pers. 2. p. 500.
Scabiosa sympagamhera, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 49. t. 76.
f. a. Flowers green ? Root woody.
Cosmary-leaved Calycera. Shrub 2 feet.
Cult. The species of Calycera should be grown in pots, in
a mixture of loam, sand, and peat ; and they will be readily in-
creased by seed.
II. BOOTIS (from /3ove, bous, an ox, and w^, ops, an appear-
ance ; the flowers have some resemblance to the eye of an ox).
Juss. ann. mus. 2. p. 350. t. 58. f. 2. Pers. syn. 2. p. 500. C.
Cassini, diet. 5. suppl. p. 28. Richard, mem. mus. 6. p. 87.
LIN. SYST. Syngenesia, Necessaria. Involucrum 7-8-cleft.
Flowers fertile, nearly alike. Segments of calyx shorter than
the ovaria, membranous, some entire, and some deeply toothed.
Limb of corolla without any contraction,- campanulate, half
divided. Column of stamens inserted at the base of the limb of
the corolla ; tops of filaments distinct. — Many stemmed branched
herbs, with pectinately pinnatifid leaves, and terminal heads of
flowers.
1 B. ANTHEMolDES (Juss. 1. c.) leaves pectinately pinnatifid ;
segments of leaves linear. O- H. Native of Buenos Ayres,
where it was first detected by Commerson. Pers. ench. 2. p.
500. Rich. 1. c. p. 87. pi. ii.
Anthemis-like Boopis. PI. \ to f foot.
2 B. ALPI'NA (Poepp. mss. coll. 2. no. 823. ex Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnaea. 6. p. 258.) leaves oblong-obovate, fleshy,
entire, or furnished with a tooth on one or on both sides, quite
glabrous. l/.G. Native of Chili. Root woody. Stem erect,
simple, only leafy at the base. Corolla yellowish. Involucrum
12-toothed.
Alpine Boopis. PI. 2 to 3 inches.
3 B. LEUCA'NTHEMA (Poepp. mss. 1. c.) leaves petiolate,
fleshy, glabrous, profoundly pinnatifid, with linear acute seg-
ments. O- H. Native of Chili. Involucrum many parted.
Root slender, branched. Corolla white.
Leucanthema-\eaveA Boopis. PI. 1 to 2 inches.
Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in a warm sheltered
situation in the open ground.
III. ACICA'RPHA (from awe, akis, a point, and
carphos, chaff; in reference to the segments of the calyx being
spiny). Juss. ann. mus. 2. p. 347. t. 58. f. 1. Pers. ench. 2
p. 488. Cassini, diet. 1. supp. 32. Rich. ann. mus. 6. p. 77.
pi. 11-12. — Cryptocarpha, Cassini, diet. 12. p. 85.
LIN. SYST. Syngenesia, Necessaria. Involucrum 4-5-parted :
outer ones adnate to the ovaria. Lower flowers of heads fertile,
superior ones much more numerous and sterile, with the ovaria
of all combined. Segments of the calyx for the most part end-
ing in acicular spines. Limb of corolla funnel-shaped. Column
of stamens inserted beneath the attenuated part of the limb of
the corolla, undivided to the top of the anthers. Bases of con-
nectives knot-formed.— Herbaceous plants, with toothed or en-
tire leaves, and terminal and lateral heads of flowers.
1 A. TRIBULOIDES (Juss. 1. c.) plant erect, glabrous ; leaves
oblong, cuneate-oboval, obtuse, with broad teeth ; style much
exserted. O. H. Native of Buenos Ayres, where it was col-
lected by Commerson. Cryptocarpha tribuloides, Cassini, diet.
12. p. 85.
Caltrop-like Acicarpha. PI. ^ to f foot.
2 A. SPATULA'TA (R. Br. comp. p. 29. Richard, mem. mus.
6. p. 78. pi. 12.) procumbent, glabrous ; leaves spatulate, taper-
ing a long way at the base, denticulated and entire at the apex,
and mucronate ; style a little exserted. Q. H. Native of Bra-
zil, where it was collected by Sello. Cryptocarpha spatulata,
Cassini, diet. 12. p. 85.
Spatulate-\ea\ed Acicarpha. Clt. 1824. PI. proc.
3 A. ? LANA'TA (Lag. in Pers. ench. 2. p. 488.) stem woolly ;
leaves linear, glabrous, having a tooth on one side, and some-
LOBELIACE^:.
697
times on both ; uppermost leaves entire. — Native of New Spain.
Cassini, diet. 12. p. 36. Rich. 1. c. p. 79.
Woolly -stemmed Acicarpha. PI. prostrate.
Cult. Being annual plants, the seeds only require to be sown
in the open ground in a warm sheltered situation.
N. B. CEVA'LLIA SINUA'TA (Lag. gen. et spec. p. 11. with a
figure,) appears to be allied to the present order, but the charac-
ters of the plant are not sufficiently known.
ORDER CXXXI V. LOBELI A'CEjE (this order contains plants
agreeing with the genus Lobelia in many characters). Juss. ann.
mus. 18. p. 1. (1811.). D. C. et Ditby, bot. gall. p. 310. (1828.).
Lindl. introd. nat. syst. p. 107. — Campanulacea:, § 2. R. Br.
prod. p. 562.
Calyx superior, 5-toothed, or 5-parted, seldom entire, with the
tube adnate to the ovarium at the base. Corolla monopetalous,
irregular, inserted in the calyx, 5-lobed, or deeply 5-cleft. Sta-
mens 5, inserted into the calyx alternately with the lobes of the
corollas; anthers cohering; pollen oval. Ovarium inferior, with
from 1 to 3 cells, but usually of 2 cells. Ovula very numerous,
attached to the axis or parietes of the fruit. Style simple ; stigma
usually 2-lobed, surrounded by a cup-like fringe. Fruit cap-
sular or baccate, 1-2-celled, rarely 3-celled, many seeded, de-
hiscing at the apex. Seeds attached to the axis or parietes
of the fruit. Embryo straight, in the axis of fleshy albumen,
with the radicle pointing to the hylum. — Herbaceous plants or
shrubs. Leaves alternate, exstipulate. Flowers axillary or
terminal, of various colours.
This order appears more nearly related to Composhce than to
Campanulcicece, in their cohering anthers, and in the irregularity
of the corolla ; the stigma is surrounded by hairs, which are
probably analogous to the indusium of Goodenovice, to which
order Lobeliacece approaches very closely. It participates in all
the affinities of Campanulacea.
The plants contained in this order are* all dangerous or sus-
picious, in consequence of the acridity of their milk. Tilpa
Feulllei yields a dangerous poison in Chili. The most active
article of the Materia Medica of North America is said to be
Lobelia inflata ; it is possessed of an emetic, sudorific, and
powerful expectorant effect, especially the first. When given
with a view to empty the stomach, it operates vehemently and
speedily, producing, however, great relaxation, debility, and per-
spiration, and even death, if given in over-doses. Barton, 1. p.
189. The antisyphilitic virtues ascribed to Lobelia syphilitica
are supposed to have resided in its diuretic properties ; they
are, however, generally discredited altogether. Barton, 2. p.
211. Hippobrbma longijlbra, a native of some of the West India
Islands, is one of the most venomous of plants. The Spanish
Americans call it Rebentia Cavallos, because it proves fatal to
horses that eat it ; it acts as a violent cathartic, the effects of
which no remedy can assuage, and which ends in death. The
leaves are an active vesicatory. Lobelia cardinalis is an acrid
plant, which is reckoned anthelmintic. Barton, 2. p. 180. All
the plants contained in this order are very ornamental, and
VOL. III.
therefore well deserving the care of the gardener. The flowers
are very showy blue, white, red, scarlet, but seldom yellow.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 CLERMONTEA. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft. Corolla arched, 5-
cleft, almost regular. Stamens with combined filaments and
cohering anthers ; the two lower anthers bearded. Stigma
2-lobed, girded by hairs. Capsule baccate, naked at the apex,
indehiscent, 2-celled, many-seeded.
2 ROLLA'NDIA. . Calyx 5-parted. Corolla compressed at the
sides, with an undivided tube, and a 5-parted, somewhat bila-
biate limb. Stamineous column adnate to the superior part of
the corolla. Anthers cohering, two lower ones bearded. Stigma
pilose. Capsule baccate, crowned by the calyx, 2-celled, many-
seeded, indehiscent.
3 CYA'NEA. Calyx 10-furrowed, with oblong, foliaceous,
curled segments. Corolla tubular, arched, with a 5-parted,
somewhat bilabiate limb. Stamens, combined filaments, and
cohering bearded anthers. Stigma capitate ciliated. Capsule
baccate, 10-furrowed, indehiscent, crowned by the limb of the
calyx, 2-celled, many-seeded.
4 DELISSEA. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla with an
arched undivided tube, and a 5-parted somewhat bilabiate
limb. Anthers cohering; 2 lower ones bearded. Stigma 2-
lobed, girded by hairs. Capsule baccate, crowned by the limb
of the calyx, indehiscent, 2-celled, many-seeded.
5 PRA'TIA. Limb of calyx 5-toothed (f. 119. a.). Corolla
cleft on the back, even to the base, and therefore the limb is
5-parted, unilabiate, or all on the lower side (f. 119. &.).
Stamens combined above and the anthers cohering; the two
lower anthers mucronate (f. 119. <?.). Stigma 2-lobed. Cap-
sule baccate, crowned.
6 TU'PA. Calyx spherical, 5-parted. Corolla cleft on the
back almost to the base, having the limb divided into 5 segments,
which are all united at their tips. Stamens combined almost to
the base ; anthers cohering, bearded. Stigma 2-lobed, protrud-
ing. Capsule 2-celled, many-seeded.
7 SIPHOCA'MPYLUS. Limb of calyx 5-parted (f. 120. </.).
Corolla with a curved undivided tube, which is ventricose in
the middle, and a 5-parted bilabiate limb (f. 120. &.)• Stamens
and anthers combined ; anthers bearded. Capsule 2-celled, 2-
valved, dehiscent.
8 LOBE'LIA. Limb of calyx 5-parted (f. 121. a.). Corolla
with the tube cleft on the upper side, and thickened at the base,
and a bilabiate limb (f. 121. g.). Anthers cohering; 2 lower
ones usually bearded. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved, dehiscent at
the apex.
9 DORTMA'NNA. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Corolla with
the tube cleft on the upper side, a bilabiate limb, and a bearded
throat. Stamens with free filaments, and cohering bearded an-
thers. Stigma capitate, hairy. Capsule half superior, 3-celled,
3-valved, dehiscent, many-seeded, surrounded by the calycine
segments below the apex.
10 PARASTRA'NTHUS. Limb of calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
4U
698
LOBELIACE^E. I. CLERMONTEA. II. ROLLANDIA.
versed
Corolla
the two
Capsule
with hardly any tube, and a bilabiate, 5-parted, reve
limb. Column of stamens under the lower lip. Filaments
and anthers combined ; the latter bearded. Stigma bifid or
trifid. Capsule crowned by the segments of the calyx, 2-celled,
many-seeded.
11 ISOTOMA. Limb of calyx S-parted (f. 122. a.),
salver-shaped (f. 122. d.\ or funnel-shaped, with an entire or
cleft tube, and a 5-parted, nearly regular limb (f. 122. <*.).
Filaments combined ; anthers cohering, beardless ;
lower ones mucronate. Stigma capitate, protruding.
2-celled, many-seeded, dehiscent.
12 HOLOSTIGMA. Flowers dioecious. Limb of calyx 5-
parted. Corolla with the tube cleft above, and a nearly regular
5-cleft limb. Anthers cohering, bearded. Stigma undivided.
Capsule 2-celled, many-seeded, dehiscent.
13 LYSIPOMIA. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Corolla with an
entire tube, and a 5-parted sub-bilabiate limb. Anthers coher-
ing ; the 2 lower ones bearded, or terminating in a membranous
process. Stigma 2-lobed, ciliated. Capsule 1 -celled, opening
by an operculum at the apex, many-seeded.
14 MONOPSIS. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft. Corolla salver-
shaped, with a terete tube, which is cleft on one side, allowing
the stamens to escape, and a regular rotate limb. Anthers co-
hering. Capsule 2-celled, many-seeded, dehiscent.
15 HIPPOBROMA. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Corolla with a
very long undivided tube, and a 5-parted nearly regular limb.
Stamineous tube exserted beyond the throat of the corolla. An-
thers cohering, bearded. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule 2-celled,
2-valved, many-seeded, dehiscent.
16 CLINTONIA. Limb of calyx 5-cleft. Corolla bilabiate,
with hardly any tube. Anthers cohering ; the 2 superior ones
bearded. Capsule silique-formed, triangular, dehiscing by 3
loriform valves, many seeded. Seeds attached to two parietal
placentas.
17 CY'PHIA. Limb of calyx 5-cleft. Corolla bilabiate, 5-
parted ; the segments easily separated to the base. Stamens
with combined hairy filaments, and free anthers. Stigma hollow,
gibbous, bearded. Capsule 2-celled, many-seeded, dehiscent.
18 CANONA'NTHUS. Calyx hemispherical, with a 5-parted
limb. Corolla tomentose outside, campanulate, regular, 5-parted
at the apex. Stamens with free filaments, and combined an-
thers. ? Capsule unknown.
I. CLERMO'NTEA (named in compliment to the Marquis
de Clermont-Tonnerre, minister of the marine of France). Gaud,
in Freyc. voy. pt. bot. 459.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, arched,
5-cleft, coloured, length of corolla, caducous. Corolla tubular,
arched, 5-cleft, almost regular. Stamens 5, one of which falls
off along with the corolla, with combined filaments and cohering
anthers ; the 2 lower anthers bearded. Stigma 2-lobed, girded
by pili. Capsule baccate, 2-celled, naked at the apex, inde-
hiscent ; cells many-seeded.— Shrubby or arboreous lactescent
plants. Leaves alternate, entire. Flowers racemose, axillary,
bracteate, showy, white, or of a rose-violet colour, blue.?
1 C. OBLONGIFOLIA (Gaud. 1. c. t. 71.) leaves on very long
petioles, oblong, acutish, crenated ; calyx 5-parted. }? . G.
Native of the Sandwich Islands.
Oblong-leaved Clermontea. Shrub.
2 C. PERSICIFOLIA (Gaud. 1. c. t. 72.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
acute, crenated ; calyx 5-cleft. t? . G. Native of the Sand-
wich Islands. Lobelia Clermontiana, Gaud. mss.
Peach-leaved Clermontea. Shrub.
3 C. GRANDIFLORA (Gaud. 1. c. t. 73.) leaves obovate-oblong,
rather acuminated, dentately crenated ; flowers large ; calyx 5-
parted. Tj . G. Native of the Sandwich Islands. Lobelia
grandiflora, Gautl. mss.
Great-flowered Clermontea. Shrub.
Cult. All the species of this genus bear ornamental blossoms,
and are therefore worth cultivating in every collection of green-
house plants. A mixture of loam, sand, and peat is the best
soil for them ; and they will be easily increased by cuttings
planted in the same kind of soil, under a hand-glass, in a little
bottom heat.
II. ROLLA'NDIA (named after R. M. Rolland, gunner of
the expedition under Freycenet, who rendered great services to
ornithology). Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. bot. p. 458.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx closely adhering
to the ovarium ; limb free, 5-parted, with short obtuse segments.
Corolla tubular, with the sides compressed ; tube curved, undi-
vided ; limb 5-parted, somewhat bilabiate : segments narrow,
Stamens 5. Stamineous tube adnate at the bottom to the supe-
rior part of the tube of the corolla. Anthers cohering, two
lower ones bearded. Stigma 2-lobed, girded by hairs. Capsule
baccate, indehiscent, 2-celled, crowned by the permanent calyx ;
cells many-seeded. — Lactescent shrubs. Leaves alternate, ex-
stipulate. Peduncles axillary, few-flowered. Pedicels unibrac-
teate at the base. Flowers white.
1 R. LANCEOLA'TA (Gaud. 1. c. t. 74.) shrub branched ; leaves
large, oblong-lanceolate, doubly toothed, hairy beneath ; calyx
5-parted, glabrous, with ovate obtuse segments ; racemes few-
flowered ; stamens epipetalous. Tj . G. Native of the Sand-
wich Islands. Lobelia Rollandiana, Gaud. mss. Lobelia lan-
ceolata, Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 88.
Lanceo/ale-leaveA Rollandia. Shrub.
2 R. CRISPA (Gaud. 1. c. p. 459.) shrub branched ; leaves
large, oblong, tapering much to the base, sharply toothed, gla-
brous, with undulately curled margins ; calyx 5-parted, downy,
with ovate obtuse segments ; stamens epipetalous. ^ . G. Na-
tive of the Sandwich Islands. Lobelia crispa, Gaud. mss.
Curled-leaved Rollandia. Shrub.
3 R. ? PINNATIFIDA ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute at both
ends, running into the short petioles, remotely pinnatifid, sinu-
ately and doubly toothed : flat and glabrous above, reticulately
veined beneath and rather hairy ; teeth short, and are as well
as the lobes obtuse and callously mucronate ; racemes axillary ;
calyx and corolla hairy ; ovarium obconical, crowned by the
auriculated, ovate, obtuse, calycine segments. I? . G. Native
of Owahu, on the mountains. Lobelia pinnatifida, Cham, in
Linnaea. 7. p. 221. Leaves like those of a species of Sonchus.
Pedicels rising from a fleshy peduncle, and furnished with scale-
formed bracteas. Corollas 2 lines long, deciduous. Stem
branched. Perhaps a species of Cyanea.
PinnatiJid-]eaveA Rollandia. Shrub.
4 R. ? AMBIGUA ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute at both ends,
sinuately and doubly toothed, flat and glabrous above, and hairy
beneath and fuscescent : teeth callously mucronate ; racemes
axillary ; ovarium obconical, smooth ; calycine segments ovate,
obtuse, mucronate, rather hairy ; corolla hairy, especially on the
nerves, fj . G. Native of Owahu. Lobelia ambigua, Cham,
in Linnaea. 7. p. 221. Stem simple. ? Corolla deciduous.
LOBELIACEiE. III. CYANEA. IV. DELISSEA. V. PRATIA.
699
Ambiguous Rollandia. Shrub.
5 R. CALYCINA ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute at both ends,
unequally and erosely crenated, flat and pilose above, and reti-
culately veined, fuscescent and hairy beneath ; calyx glabrous,
with oblong, bluntish, 1-nerved segments; ovarium olive-formed,
crowned by the erect calycine teeth ; limb of corolla hairy ; tube
of anthers hairy about the base and along the furrows. T? . G.
Native of Owahu. Lobelia calycina, Cham, in Linnaea. 7. p.
222. Corolla deciduous.
Large-calyxed Rollandia. Shrub.
Cult, See Clermontea, p. 698. for culture and propagation.
III. CYAVNEA (from Kimytog, kyaneos, blue ; colour of
flowers). Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. bot. p. 457.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx adhering to the
ovarium, 10-furrowed, longer than the limb, which is foliaceous
and 5-parted ; segments oblong, with reflexed undulately curled
margins. Corolla tubular, cylindrical, arched ; limb 5-parted,
somewhat bilabiate. Stamens 5, with combined filaments, and
cohering bearded anthers. Stigma capitate, simple, ciliated with
hairs. Capsule baccate, 10-furrowed, indehiscent, 2-celled,
crowned by the permanent calyx ; cells many-seeded.
1 C. GRIMESIA'NA (Gaud. 1. c. p. 458. t. 75.) branched ;
leaves large, pinnate-parted, smoothish, with lanceolate coarsely
toothed segments ; petioles, rachis, and peduncles beset with
tubercular prickles ; segments of calyx large. Tj . G. Native
of the Sandwich Islands. Lobelia Grimesiana, Gaud. mss. Hook,
et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 88.
Grimes's Cyanea. Shrub.
Cult. See Clermontea, p. 698. for culture and propagation.
IV. DELI'SSEA (named after A. M. Delisse, a physician
from the Isle of France, and naturalist to the French expedition
under D'Entrecasteaux, to the South Seas — from 1 SOO to 1804).
Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. bot. p. 457.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx closely adnate
to the ovarium ; limb free, 5-toothed, permanent. Corolla
tubular, arched, deciduous ; tube cylindrical, undivided ; limb
5-parted, somewhat bilabiate ; segments narrow. Stamens 5,
with connate filaments, and cohering anthers : the two lower
ones bearded. Stigma 2-lobed, girded by hairs. Capsule bac-
cate, crowned by the permanent calyx, 2-celled, indehiscent ;
cells many-seeded. — Shrubby lactescent plants. Leaves scat-
tered, exstipulate, entire. Flowers racemose, axillary, pale red,
or whitish red ; pedicels unibracteate at the base.
1 D. SUBCORDA'TA (Gaud. 1. c. p. 457. t. 77.) branched ;
leaves ovate, sharply toothed, glabrous. ^ . G. Native of the
Sandwich islands. Lobelia subcorda,ta, Gaud. mss.
Subcordate-]eaveA Delissea. Shrub.
2 D. UNDULA'TA (Gaud. 1. c. t. 78.) stem simple ; leaves ob-
long, sharply and coarsely toothed, glabrous, with undulated
margins, fj . G. Native of the Sandwich Islands. Lobelia
undulata, Gaud. mss.
Undulated-\eaveA Delissea. Shrub.
3 D. ACUMINA'TA (Gaud. 1. c. t. 76.) branched ; leaves ob-
long, doubly denticulatedj-hairy on both surfaces. Pj . G. Na-
tive of the Sandwich Islands. Lobelia Delisseana, Gaud. mss.
Lobelia acuminata, Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 88.
Acuminaled-\ea\eA. Delissea. Shrub.
4 D. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Cham, in Linnaea. 7. p. 219.) glabrous ;
leaves on long petioles, narrow-lanceolate, flat, acute, bluntly
serrated ; calyx at first 5-toothed : teeth minute, ciliated, but
afterwards toothless, with undulated edges ; corolla smooth,
without papillae. I? . G. Native of Owahu. Stem quite sim-
ple. ? Pedicels axillary at the top of the stem, forming a co-
rymb. Filaments ciliated. Lobes of stigma pilose on the back.
Narrow-leaved Delissea. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Clermontea, p. 698.
V. PRATIA (named in memory of M. Prat-Bernon, of the
French navy, who accompanied Freycenet, but died a few days
after the expedition sailed). Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. bot. p.
456. — Lobelia species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx adnate to the ova-
rium ; limb free, 5-toothed (f. 119. a.). Corolla funnel-shaped,
cleft on the back, even to the base ; limb 5-parted, spreading,
unilabiate (f. 1 19. 6.). Stamens 5, with the filaments combined
into the tube above, and the anthers cohering ; the two lower
anthers mucronate (f. 119. d.~). Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule co-
vered by the fleshy calyx, 2-celled (f. 119 e.), indehiscent ;
cells many-seeded. — Small herbs. Stems filiform, branched.
Leaves thickish. Flowers axillary, solitary, pedunculate, rarely
corymbose, of a pale violet colour; peduncles bracteolate.
1 P. RE'PENS (Gaud, in Freyc. voy. p. 456. t. 79.) glabrous ;
stems creeping ; leaves petiolate, rather reniform, undulately
subcrenated. ~U . F. Native of the Falkland Islands. Lobelia
Pratiana, Gaud. mss. Flowers bluish-violet (f. 119.).
Creeping Pratia. PI. creeping.
2 P. ? ERE'CTA (Gaud. 1. c.) stems nearly erect; leaves ses-
sile, ovate-lanceolate, remotely and sharply toothed. I/ . G.
Native of New Holland, on the east coast, at Port Jackson. Lo-
belia ? concolor, R. Br. prod. p. 562.
Erect Pratia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 foot.
3 P. CORYMBOSA ; gla-
brous ; stems weak, an- FIG. 119.
gular, branched ; supe-
rior leaves linear-spatu-
late : lower ones round-
ish, running into the pe-
tioles : all deeply ser-
rated ; flowers disposed
in dense pedunculate co-
rymbs ; If.. G. Native
of the Cape of Good
Hope. Lobelia corym-
bosa, Hook, in bot. mag.
t. 2639. Flowers pure
white, richly dotted with
purple, capitate. Filaments and anthers combined ; the latter
bluish purple. Stigma capitate, surrounded by a circle of hairs.
Corymbose-AowereA Pratia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI.
decumbent.
4 P. HEDERA'CEA (Cham, in Linnsea. 7. p. 212.) glabrous ;
stems filiform, creeping; leaves on short petioles, orbicular, ere-
nately toothed. I/ . F. Native of Brazil, on the banks of the
Uruquay, along with Hydrocotyle pusilla, and other parts of
Brazil. Corolla bluish, villous inside. Filaments ciliated inside.
Pedicels exceeding the leaves.
Ivy-like Pratia. PI. creeping.
5 P. BEGONUEFOLIA ; leaves roundish-cordate, serrated, petio-
late, hairy on both surfaces, oblique at the base ; pedicels soli-
tary ; calycine segments linear-subulate ; stems filiform, creep-
ing, hairy. I/ . G. Native of Nipaul, at Suembu, in fields
near the town of Katmandu, and near water-courses and springs.
Lobelia begonizefolia, Wall, in asiat. res. 13. p. 377. Hook,
bot. mag. with a figure. L. obliqua, Ham. mss. ex D. Don,
prod. fl. nep. p. 158. Herb rather canescent. Flowers small,
blue. Fruit round, fleshy, about the size of a pea, purple, with
numerous flattened brownish seeds attached to 2 thick septal
placentas.
Begonia-leaved Pratia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1827.
creeping.
4 u 2
700
LOBELIACE^E. V. PRATIA. VI. TUPA. VII. SIPHOCAMPYLUS.
6 P. RADI'CANS ; an annual, creeping, glabrous herb ; leaves
sessile, lanceolate, remotely serrulated ; pedicels axillary, soli-
tary, twice the length of the leaves. % . F. Native of China,
from which place it was accidentally introduced to the botanic
garden, Calcutta. Lobelia radicans, Willd. spec. 1. p. 948.
The plant spreads over the soil and roots at every branch. The
flowers are large for the size of the plant, of a pink colour.
Segments of the corolla equal, unilateral, and narrow-lanceolate,
with 2 green glands under the middle sinuses, opposite to the
long, green, 2-lobed stigma.
Rooting Pratia. PI. creeping.
7 P. THUNBE'RGH ; glabrous ; leaves sessile, decurrent, lan-
ceolate, undulated, serrated ; pedicels axillary, solitary, longer
than the leaves ; stems decumbent, rooting, filiform. 1J. . G.
Native of Japan. L. radicans, Thunb. in Lin. trans. 2. p. 330.
L. Erinus, Thunb. jap. p. 323. Flowers red.
Tliunberg's Pratia. PI. creeping.
Cull. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand is a good soil for
the species of Pratia ; and they will easily be increased by divid-
ing at the root, or by seed.
VI. TUT A (Tupa is the Chili name of the first species).
Lobelia species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx adhering to the
spherical ovarium ; limb 5-cleft. Corolla long, inflated at the
base, cleft on the back its whole length, unilabiate ; limb divided
into 5 segments, which are all united at their tips. Stamens 5,
united into a tube ; anthers cohering, all bearded, or only in 2
lower ones. Style protruding beyond the anthers ; stigma orbi-
cular, 2-lobed, not bearded. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved ? cells
many-seeded. — Tall strong herbaceous plants. Leaves alternate,
ovate-lanceolate, downy. Flowers pedicellate, disposed in ter-
minal racemes, or solitary from the axils of the upper leaves.
Superior leaves sessile.
1 T. FEUILLEI ; stem erect, thick, suffruticose at the base,
simple, leafy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, sessile, decurrent, clothed
with soft whitish down ; raceme terminal, spicate. % . F. Na-
tive of Chili and Peru. Lobelia Tupa, Lin. spec. 1318. Sims,
hot. mag. 2550. Sweet, fl. gard. 284. Feuill. per. 2. p. 739.
t. 29. Corollas large, of a reddish scarlet colour, and are as well
as the peduncles and calyxes downy. This is a very poisonous
species, even the smell of the flowers will cause vomiting, ac-
cordingly Feuillee, and the milk of it, if by any accident it touches
the eyes, occasions blindness.
Feuillee'1 s Tupa. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1824. PL 6 to 8 ft.
2 T. SALICIFOLIA ; leaves lanceolate, sessile, glabrous, serru-
lated, reticulated beneath ; pedicels axillary, bracteate, 1-
flowered, shorter than the leaves ; stem terete, filled with me-
dula, simple or branched. Jj . F. Native of Chili, about Val-
paraiso. Lobelia Tupa, Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 357. Lobelia
gigantea, Sims, bot. mag. 1325. Lobelia salicifolia, Sweet.
Corollas yellow at first, then orange, and finally blood-red.
Anthers hairy.
Willow-kaved Tupa. Fl. Oct. Nov. PI. 10 to 16 feet.
3 T. PURPU'REA ; leaves lanceolate, serrulated, glabrous ;
flowers racemose ; calyx spherical, 5-toothed ; stem simple suf-
fruticose. k . F. Native of Chili, in the neighbourhood of
Valparaiso. Anthers hairy. Lobelia purpurea, Lindl-bot. reg.
1325. Flowers fine purple.
Purple-dowered Tupa. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1825. Fl. 3 to 4 feet.
4 T. ARGU'TA ; leaves linear-lanceolate, serrulated, quite gla-
brous on both surfaces; pedicels axillary, shorter than the leaves ;
stem suffruticose, simple, glabrous. ^ . F. Native of Chili.
Lobelia arguta, Lindl. in bot. reg. 973. Pedicels bibracteate in
the middle. Corollas of a deep yellow colour. Tube of anthers
shorter than the style. Very like T. salicifolia.
Sharp-serrated-leaved Tupa. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1824.
Shrub 2 feet.
5 T. CAVANILLESIA'NA : leaves sessile, ovate-oblong, serru-
lated, mucronate, downy, glaucous ; stem villous ; raceme short,
leafy ; corolla downy f; . F. Native of Chili, at the bottom
of Cuchu-Cucha. Lobelia mucrona,ta, Cav. icon. 6. p. 11.
t. 516. Hook. bot. mag. t. 3207. Superior leaves cordate
at the base. Corolla scarlet, 2 inches long.
Cavanilles's Tupa. Shrub 2| to 3 feet.
6 T. SECU'NDA ; glabrous ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, wrinkled
when dried, denticulated, with rather revolute edges ; racemes
terminal, secund, short ; pedicels rising from the axils of the
upper leaves or bracteas, which are small and linear ; column of
stamens much exserted ; two upper anthers bearded. ^ . G.
Native of Peru. Lobelia secunda, Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb.
Leaves dense. Segments of calyx membranous.
<5'eei/nrf-flowered Tupa. Shrub. ?
7 T. OVA'TA ; glabrous ; leaves ovate, slightly and distantly
denticulated on the edges, wrinkled when dried ; raceme long,
terminal, dense, secund ; column of stamens much exserted ;
anthers bearded on the lower side. 2£. G. Native of Peru.
(v. s. in herb. Lamb.).
Oi'aie-leaved Tupa. PI.
8 T. OBOVA'TA ; leaves obovate, obtuse, clothed with rusty
tomentum beneath, slightly denticulated; peduncles axillary, 1-
flowered, longer than the leaves ; calyx spherical ; corolla rather
short, y.. F. Native of Peru. Lobelia incana, Ruiz et Pav.
in herb. Lamb. Leaves wrinkled when dried. Flowers purple
or red. Anthers all bearded.
Obovate-]eaved Tupa. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ?
9 T. POLYPHY'LLA; leaves ovate-lanceolate, mucronate, sharply
serrated, quite glabrous; racemes terminal leafy ; tube of corolla
not much longer than the calyx ; two lower anthers bearded.
y. . F. Native of Chili, on hills about Valparaiso. Lobelia
polyphylla, Hook, et Am. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 33. Pedi-
cels filiform, about the length of the bracteas. Corolla hardly
an inch long, downy, dark purple.
Many-leaved Tupa. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1832. PL 5 to
6 ft.
Cult. The species of Tupa are deserving of cultivation in
every collection, on account of the beauty and singularity of
their flowers. They are generally raised from seed imported
from the places of their natural growth ; and when the plants
are of a sufficient size, they are planted out into the open
border in front of a south wall, where they flower in great
perfection. In winter they may either be protected with the
haulm of herbs, or be taken up and potted, and placed in a
green-house or frame till the spring, when they should again be
planted out.
VII. •SIPHOCA'MPYLUS (from ai^v, siphon, a tube, and
KttjuTri/Xoc, campylos, a curve ; in reference to the curved tube of
the corolla). Pohl, pi. bras. 2. p. 104. — Lobelia species of
authors.
LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx adnate to the
ovarium; limb 5-parted (f. 120. d.~), having the segments
shorter than the tube of the corolla. Corolla irregular, tubu-
lar (f. 120. a.); tube entire, declinate, rather ventricose in
the middle, and rather coarctate at the base ; limb 5-parted,
bilabiate (f. 120. 4.) ; upper lip of 2 straight or spreading
segments ; the 2 lateral segments of the lower lip diverg-
ing, and the middle one more profound. Stamens and an-
thers combined, the latter bearded. Capsule ovate, 2-celled,
2-valved, dehiscing at the apex. — Erect shrubs or subshrubs.
Leaves alternate and opposite, petiolate. Flowers axillary, soli-
tary, rarely crowded at the' tops of the stem or branches, so as
LOBELIACEjE. VII. SIPHOCAMFYLUS.
701
to appear racemose. The segments of the corollas are usually
falcate or lanceolate; the upper ones generally the longest. The
2 lower anthers are usually bearded, and sometimes they are all
bearded.
1 S. MACRA'NTHUS (Pohl. pi. bras. 2. p. 105. t. 168.) leaves
oblong-ovate, acute, denticulated, quite glabrous ; tube of co-
rolla ventricose at the apex, incurved ; calyx glabrous, having
the segments the length of the third part of the tube of the
corolla. fj . S. Native of Brazil, about Rio Janeiro, and else-
where in that province, in shady bushy places — Vaud. in Rocm.
script, p. 147. no. 2. Stem fistular, simple, green. Flowers
axillary, solitary, approximate at the tops of the stems, and
forming leafy racemes. Corollas of a bluish red colour. An-
thers all much bearded at the apex.
Lang-flowered Siphocampylus. Shrub 3 feet.
2 S. CA'NUS (Pohl, pi. bras. p. 106. t. 1C9.) leaves ovate,
acute, crenated, downy beneath ; tube of corolla glabrous, rather
ventricose ; segments of calyx hairy, 4 times shorter than the
tube of the corolla. I? . S. Native of Brazil, in the province
of Minas Geraes. Stem medullary in the centre, simple, hairy,
a little branched. Flowers axillary, approximate at the top of
the stem and branches, forming there leafy racemes. Corollas
of a bluish red colour.
Hoary Siphocampylus. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
3 S. CRENATIFOLIUS (Pohl, pi. bras. 2. p. 107. t. 170.) leaves
acute, oblong, somewhat attenuated at the base, doubly crenated,
downy beneath ; tube of corolla glabrous, ventricose ; calyx
hairy, having the segments 4 times shorter than the tube of the
corolla. \} . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas
Geraes, among bushes about Villa St. Joao d'el Rey. Stem suf-
fruticose, fistular, tetragonal, furrowed. Leaves 3 inches long,
and 1£ broad, yellowish green. Flowers axillary, solitary, re-
mote, but so crowded at the tops of the stems as to appear
leafy spikes ; of a bluish red colour.
Crenate-leaved Siphocampylus. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
4 S. VILLOSULUS (Pohl, pi. bras. 2. p. 108. t. 171.) leaves ob-
long-oval, acute, doubly serrated, hairy, rather villous beneath,
and truly villous on the nerves ; corolla rather hairy ; calyx
having the segments 4 times shorter than the tube of the corolla.
1£ . S. Native of Brazil, among bushes at Estrema, not far
from Rio de Jiquitinhonha. Stem fistular, tetragonal, rather
villous. Leaves 2 inches long, and 1^ broad. Flowers axillary,
solitary ; the upper ones forming leafy racemes. Corolla of a
bluish-red colour.
bilious Siphocampylus. PI. 2 feet.
5 S. LONGIPEDUNCULA'TUS (Pohl, pi. bras. 2. p. 109. t. 172.)
leaves cordate at the base, and acuminated at the apex, denticu-
lated, quite glabrous ; flowers solitary, on very long peduncles ;
tube of corolla ventricose, and is as well as the calyx glabrous ;
segments of the calyx 5 times shorter than the tube of the co-
rolla. H.. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro,
among bushes. Stem suffruticose, filled with medula, simple,
glabrous. Leaves more than 3 inches long, and 1^ broad.
Flowers all remote, on peduncles 4 inches in length. Corollas
bluish-red.
Long-peduncled Siphocampylus. Shrub 3 feet.
6 S. CARDIOPHY'LLUS (Pohl, pi. bras. 2. p. 110. t. 173.) leaves
cordate, acuminated, rather undulated, quite glabrous, with re-
mote short denticulations ; flowers solitary, on long peduncles ;
tube of corolla as well as the calyx glabrous ; calycine segments
much shorter than the tube of the corolla. If.. S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, among bushes in moun-
tainous places at Serra de Chumbo, not far from Rio Abaite.
Stem suffruticose, fistular, a little furrowed, glabrous. Leaves
2^ inches long, and more than an inch broad ; the denticula-
tions are the extension of the veins. Upper flowers forming a
leafy raceme. Corolla bluish-red, having the segments cili-
ated.
Heart-leaved Siphocampylus. Shrub 3 feet.
7 S. NITIDUS (Pohl, pi. bras. 2. p. 111. t. 174.) leaves cor-
date, acute, simply and doubly serrated, quite glabrous, shining,
opaque beneath, and the nerves are pilose when examined by a
lens ; tube of corolla rather ventricose, and rather hairy when
examined by a lens ; calyx downy, having the segments 3 times
shorter than the tube of the corolla. I/ . S. Native of Brazil,
in the province of Minas Geraes, about Fazendo do Apollinario,
not far from Rio Abaite. Stem suffruticose, filled with medula,
glabrous. Leaves 2-| inches long, and more than an inch
broad. Superior flowers forming a leafy raceme. Corolla
bluish-red, hairy.
Shining-leaved Siphocampylus. Sli. 2 to 3 feet.
8 S. CORYMBI'FERUS (Pohl, pi. bras. 2. p. 112. t. 175.) leaves
cordate, acuminated, doubly and emarginately toothed, ciliated,
glabrous, rather hairy on the nerves and veins beneath ; tube of
corolla rather ventricose, glabrous ; calyx glabrous, having the
segments much shorter than the tube of the corolla. I/ . S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, an ong bushes
in mountainous places about Vieira. Stem herbaceous, fistular,
glabrous. Leaves more than 2 inches long and an inch broad.
Corymbs terminal, simple, many flowered. Corollas scarlet,
smooth.
Corymb-bearing Siphocampylus. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
9 S. COLU'MN^; ; leaves oblong, rounded at both ends, cre-
nated, coriaceous, rugged above, glabrous, and shining, but
clothed with fuscescent tomentum beneath; pedicels axillary,
longer than the leaves ; corolla a little curved, beset with stel-
late tomentum outside, having the segments linear-falcate, and
nearly equal. ^ . S. Native of New Granada, in high places
near the city of Santa Fe de Bogota. Lobelia Columnae, Mutis
in Lin. suppl. p. 393. Smith, icon. ined. 1. p. 22. t. 22. H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 302. Calyx tomentose outside.
Two lower anthers bearded. Corollas red.
Columna's Siphocampylus. Shrub.
10 S. BARBA'TUS ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute, obtuse at
the base, denticulated, hairy above, and clothed with hairy to-
mentum beneath, particularly on the nerve and veins ; pedicels
axillary, longer than the leaves. ^ . S. Native of New Gra-
nada. Lobelia barbata, Cav. icon. 6. p. 12. t. 519. H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 303. Branches clothed with rusty
stellate tomentum. Upper surfaces of leaves beset with stel-
late hairs. Calyx beset with rusty tomentum outside, and the
corolla with stellate hairs. Segments of the calyx very short ;
of the corolla falcate. Column of stamens pilose. Two lower
anthers bearded. Corollas scarlet.
Bearded Siphocampylus. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
US. FERRUGI'NEUS ; leaves obovate-oblong, acutish, obso-
letely denticulated, smoothish above, but clothed with rusty stel-
late tomentum beneath, especially on the nerve and veins ;
flowers axillary, pedicellate, longer than the leaves ; calycine
segments 4 times shorter than the tube of the corolla. ^ . S.
Native of New Granada, near Santa Fe de Bogota ; and of
Peru, near Guamantanga and Obragillo. Lobelia ferruginea,
Mutis, Lin. suppl. p. 394. L. asclepiadea, \Villd. rel. in Roem.
et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 57. Branches clothed with rusty stellate
tomentum. Calyx and corolla clothed with rusty stellate tomen-
tum. Corolla red. Genitals exserted. Two lower anthers bearded.
Rusty Siphocampylus. Shrub.
12 S. CAOUTCHO'UC; leaves oblong, acute, rounded at the
base, with glandularly denticulated edges, smoothish above, but
clothed with rusty torrfentum beneath, particularly so on the
nerve and veins ; flowers axillary, pedicellate, shorter than the
leaves ; segments of the calyx denticulated, one-half shorter
702
LOBELIACE.E. VII. SIPHOCAMPYLUS.
than the tube of the corolla. ^ . S. Native of the province
of Popayan, in valleys near the river Mayo, near La Cruz ; also
in Paramo de Achupallas. Lobelia Caoutchouc, Willd. rel. in
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 57. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 304. Branchlets, calyx, and corolla clothed with
rusty stellate tomentum. Corollas red. Genitals exserted;
anthers bearded. The milk from this plant forms an elastic
gum, which is called Caoutchouc by the natives.
Caoutchouc Siphocampylus: Shrub 10 to 15 feet.
13 S. ? UMBELLA'IUS ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated,
denticulated, smoothish above, and downy beneath; flowers
crowded into umbels at the tops of the branches, on long pedi-
cels ; segments of calyx equal in length to the tube of the
corolla ; lower lip of corolla entire, acute. ?J . S. Native of
Peru, on the Andes, near Ayavaca ; as also of Brazil. Lobelia
umbellata, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 304. t. 268.
L. Ayavacensis, Willd. rel. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 57.
A fetid shrub, with villous angular branches. Leaves a foot
long. Calyx clothed with viscid hairs. Corolla white, downy.
Anthers bearded with yellowish hairs. This will probably form
a distinct genus from the lower lip of the corolla being entire.
Umbellate-flowered Siphocampylus. Shrub.
14 S. GIGA'NTEUS ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated,
toothed, reticulately wrinkled, glabrous above, and downy be-
neath, and clothed with hoary tomentum along the nerve and
veins ; flowers axillary, on very long peduncles ; calycine seg-
ment equal in length to the tube of the corolla ; filaments gla-
brous. 17 . S. Native of New Granada, on elevated plains
about Bogota ; and on the Andes. Lobelia gigantea, Cav. icon.
6. p. 9. t. 513. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 305. Branches
downy. Calycine segments irregularly crenated. Calyx and
corolla downy outside. Anthers bearded, with long yellowish
hairs. Corolla of a yellowish red colour. Intermediate between
Siphocdmpylus and Tupa.
Giant Siphocampylus. Shrub 14 feet.
15 S. FCE'TIDUS ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, acuminated, nar-
rowed at the base, denticulated, hairy on both surfaces ; flowers
axillary, on long pedicels ; segments of the calyx equal in length
to the tube of the corolla ; filaments downy. Tj . S. Native
along with the preceding. Lobelia foe'tida, Willd. rel. ex Roem.
et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 57. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 305. Branches hairy, fuscescent. Pedicels villous, bibrac-
teate at the base. Corolla white? Calyx and corolla hairy
outside. Genitals exserted. Anthers densely bearded with yel-
lowish hairs. A fetid shrub.
Fetid Siphocampylus. Shrub.
1C S. HI'RTUS ; hairy ; leaves oblong, acuminated, serrated,
on very short petioles ; pedicels axillary, very long, at the
tops of the stem and branches. Jj . S. Native of Quito,
on Mount St. Antonio. Lobelia hirta, Cav. icon. 6. p. 13. t.
520. Branched. Leaves more than 6 inches long and 1-J- broad,
tapering into the petioles. Calyx globose, villous. Corollas
scarlet, villous. Stamens glabrous.
Hairy Siphocampylus. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
17 S. COMOSUS; leaves lanceolate, toothed, powdery beneath ;
corymbs terminal, supported by a tuft of leaves. Pj . S. Native
of New Spain. Lobelia comosa, Cav. icon. 6. p. 9. t. 512. f. 1.
Stems simple, furrowed. Leaves on short petioles, 2 inches long,
green above, and yellowish beneath. Petioles villous. Anthers
and stigma bearded. Corollas yellowish.
Tufted-]ea\e& Siphocampylus. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
18 S. CAVANILLESIA'NUS ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, biserrated ;
flowers axillary, solitary, pedicellate, the whole forming a leafy
raceme. T; . S. Native of Peru, about the town of Buena
Ventura. Lobelia biserrata, Cav. icon. 6. p. 10. t. 514. Branches
furrowed. Leaves on short petioles, tomentose beneath : lower
ones 3 inches long and 1| broad. Pedicels bibracteate, thick-
ened at the base and apex. Corolla of a yellowish scarlet
colour, cleft a very little way on the back, glabrous.
Cavanilles's Siphocampylus. Shrub 3 feet.
19 S. BESLERIOIDES ; leaves oblong-elliptic, rounded at the
apex, denticulated, hairy on both surfaces ; flowers axillary, pe-
dicellate, shorter than the leaves ; segments of calyx 4 times
shorter than the tube of the corolla. Ij . S. Native of the
Andes, about Popayan. Lobelia beslerioides, H. B, et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 306. Habit of a species of Besleria.
Branches clothed with viscid hairs. Leaves rather hairy on
both surfaces. Pedicels villous, bractless. Calyx and corolla
hairy outside, the latter white. Two lower anthers bearded.
Beskria-like Siphocampylus. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
20 S. SPECTA'BILIS ; leaves oblong, acute, obtuse at the base,
minutely denticulated, glabrous ; flowers axillary, pedicellate,
shorter than the leaves ; corolla glabrous, 5 times longer than
the calyx. Tj . S. Native of the province of New Andalusia,
on Mount Cocollar, in shady humid places. Lobelia specta-
bilis, Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 58. H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 306. Branches glabrous, 3^-
inches long. Pedicels bibracteate at the base. Calyx glabrous,
with somewhat denticulated hairy segments. Corollas scarlet.
Anthers bearded.
Showy Siphocampylus. Shrub 3 feet.
21 S. SURINAME'NSIS ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, obtuse
at the base, remotely denticulated, glabrous ; flowers pedicel-
late, axillary, shorter than the leaves ; corollas glabrous, with
the tube 3 times longer than the segments of the calyx. fy . S.
Native of Surinam, New Granada, and Brazil. Lobelia Suri-
namensis, Lin. spec. 1320. Curt. bot. mag. 225. Andr. hot.
rep. 502. Bonpl. nav. p. 95. t. 39. Lodd. bot. cab. 749. Lo-
belia laevigata, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 392. Branches glabrous.
Pedicels downy, bibracteate at the base. Calyx glabrous. Co-
rollas orange- coloured or red. Anthers bearded.
(Surinam Siphocampylus. Fl. Jan. July. Clt. 1786. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
22 S. MACROPODUS ; leaves elliptic-oblong, serrulated, villous ;
flowers axillary, on long pedicels ; branches downy. J? . S. Na-
tive of Brazil, on mountains about Villa Ricca. Lobelia ma-
cropoda, Swartz, pi. bras. dec. 1. p. 6. Branches angular,
downy. Leaves petiolate. Segments of corolla undulated.
Corolla scarlet. Two lower anthers bearded.
Long-pedicelled Siphocampylus. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
23 S. WESTIAVNUS ; leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong, acute, ser-
rated, villous beneath, and glabrous above ; pedicels axillary,
villous; tube of corolla pentagonal. Jj . S. Native of Brazil,
about Villa Rica, in humid places on the mountains. Lobelia
Westiana, Swartz, pi. dec. bras. 1. 1817. Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 53. Branches downy. Corollas scarlet, 2 inches
long. Anthers blue, 2 lower ones bearded by white hairs.
West's Siphocampylus. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
24 S. GRA'NDIS ; leaves oblong, acute, crenately serrulated,
glabrous ; umbels terminal, bracteate ; corollas hairy ; segments
of the calyx 10 times shorter than the tube of the corolla.
fj . S. Native of New Granada, near Santa Fe de Bogota.
Lobelia grandis, Mutis in Lin. suppl. 394. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. 3. p. 307. Branches glabrous. Leaves 5 inches long
and 2 broad. Flowers pedicellate, red, hairy outside as well as
the calyx. Pedicels bracteate at the base ; bracteas obtuse,
hairy. Two upper segments of the corolla falcate. Anthers
hairy ; two lower ones bearded.
Grand Siphocampylus. Shrub.
25 S. GLABRA'TA ; leaves oblong-elliptic, acute, rounded at
the base, obsoletely toothed at the apex ; flowers axillary, pe-
dicellate, longer than the leaves ; calycine segments crenated,
LOBELIACE^:. VII. SIPHOCAMPYLUS.
703
FIG. 120.
about equal in length to the tube of the corolla. Tj . S. Native
along with the preceding species. Lobelia glabrata, H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 307. t. 270. Branches glabrous.
Leaves 3-4 inches long, glabrous, pale green, petiolate. Pedi-
cels bractless. Calyx and corolla glabrous ; the latter greenish.
Segments of corolla falcate. Filaments downy ; anthers gla-
brous. Genitals exserted.
Glabrous Siphocampylus. Shrub.
26 S. MUTISIA'NUS ; leaves oblong, short-acuminated, nar-
rowed and acute at the base, remotely and bluntly toothed, gla-
brous, except the nerve and veins beneath, which are hairy ;
flowers axillary, pedicellate, shorter than the leaves ; corollas
glabrous, much longer than the calycine segments, fj . S.
Native of New Granada, on frigid mountains. Lobelia Mutisiana,
H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 308. Branches rather
hispid. Leaves 6-7 inches long. Petioles hairy. Pedicels
bractless. Segments of calyx smooth, irregularly crenated.
Corolla greenish, with falcate segments. Column of stamens
glabrous ; two lower anthers bearded.
Mutis's Siphocampylus. Shrub.
27 S. VOLU'BILIS ; stem twin-
ing ; leaves ovate, acuminated,
cordate, sharply toothed, gla-
brous above, and clothed with
fine down beneath ; flowers
axillary, pedicellate ; corolla
hairy ; segments of calyx 5-6-
times shorter than the tube of
the corolla. fj . S. Native on
the shady banks of the Orinoco.
Lobelia volubilis, H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
309. L. cordata, Willd. rel. ex
Roam, et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
58. Branches glabrous. Leaves
cordate at the base. Pedicels
downy, bractless. Corollas scar-
let. Genitals exserted, glabrous.
Anthers bearded (f. 120.).
Twining Siphocampylus. Shrub twining.
28 S. BERTERIA'NUS ; leaves remote, on long petioles, ovate-
oblong, acuminated, erosely subcrenated, membranous, quite
glabrous ; pedicels solitary, axillary, loose ; stem scandent. I? .
w. S. Native of Guadaloupe. L. scandens, Bertero. L. Ber-
teriana, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 712.
Bertero' s Siphocampylus. Shrub cl.
29 S. SCA'NDENS ; stem scandent ; leaves oblong, obtuse, quite
entire, rather fleshy, with revolute edges, glabrous ; racemes ter-
minal ; flowers reflexed ; corollas glabrous ; calycine segments
linear, slightly denticulated, 5-6 times shorter than the tube of
the corolla. Tj . ^,. S. Native of Peru, in cold places between
Paramo de Saraguru and the city of Loxa. Lobelia scandens,
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 309. Lobelia ob:usifolia,
Willd., ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 57. Branches gla-
brous. Pedicels furnished with one bractea at the base. Calyx
glabrous. Corolla scarlet, with falcate segments. Column of
stamens glabrous. Two inferior anthers. bearded. Stigma girded
by a pilose ring.
Climbing Siphocampylus. Shrub cl.
30 S. DUPLOSERA'TUS (Pohl. pi. bras. 2. p. 114. t. 177.)
leaves oblong or cordate at the base, twice serrated, petiolate ;
peduncles longer or shorter than the leaves ; genitals exserted.
Pj . S. Native of Brazil. Lobelia triphylla, Presl, symb. hot. 4.
p. 6'2. t. 4. Corollas red or scarlet.
Doubly-serrated-leaved Siphocampylus. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
31 S. ANDROPOGON ; leaves ovate, glabrous, hardly denticu-
lated, soft ; flowers axillary, solitary, pedicellate ; corolla gla-
brous, curved. 1? . S. Native of the province of Quito, on
Mount St. Antonio, in shady woods. Lobelia Andropogon,
Cav. icon, 6. p, 10. t. 515. Stem glabrous, furrowed. Leaves
3 inches long, petiolate. Pedicels shorter than the leaves,
villous at the base, bibracteate. Corolla scarlet, having the
lower lip rounded, with 3 small acute teeth. Anthers bearded.
Bearded-anthered Siphocampylus. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
32 S. ? CIRCIIFOLIUS ; leaves linear-lanceolate, toothed, gla-
brous : teeth subulate, distant ; raceme terminal, leafy, t? . S.
Native of the Antilles and St. Vincent. Lobelia circiifolia,
Lam. diet. 3. p. 584. no. 12 — Plum. spec. vol. 5. t. 116. Stem
straight, simple, naked at the base, glabrous. Corolla curved,
green or yellowish green.
Circium-leaved Siphocampylus. Shrub 1§ foot.
33 S. VERTICILLA'TA (Cham, in Linnsea. 7. p. 202.) leaves
6-8 in a whorl, almost sessile, narrow-oblong or linear-oblong,
sharply and finely serrated, pale beneath ; pedicels axillary,
verticillate, shorter than the leaves, but the flowers exceed the
le^res ; calycine segments acute, more than 6 times shorter than
the corolla ; anthers glabrous on the back, and bearded in front ;
stem filled with medulla, erect, simple, densely leafy ; root ob-
lique, (j . S. Native of the south of Brazil. Top of stem
and ribs of leaves rather hairy, and the peduncles, calyxes, and
corollas downy. Corollas red, 2 inches long, curved before ex-
pansion.
Whorled-leaved. Siphocampylus. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
31 S. BETUL^FOLIUS (Cham, in Linnaea. 7. p. 204.) leaves
scattered, petiolate, cordately triangular or ovate, acuminated,
somewhat doubly and acutely serrated, nerved, and veined ; pe-
dicels axillary, solitary, exceeding the leaves; calycine segments
narrow, acute, serrulated, more than 6 times shorter than the
corolla ; anthers exserted, glabrous on the back, and bearded in
front ; stem flexuous, branched, terete, glabrous. Tj . S. Na-
tive of Brazil. Nerves of leaves and petioles downy. Corollas
red, long. Very like S, scandens.
Birch-leaved Siphocampylus. Shrub 3 feet.
35 S. CONVOLVULA'CEA (Cham, in Linnsea. 7. p. 205.) shrubby,
climbing, and twining, glabrous ; branches terete, slender ;
leaves petiolate, narrow, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, with re-
flexed obsoletely denticulated edges ; pedicels axillary, solitary,
much longer than the leaves ; ovarium oblong ; teeth of calyx
small ; corolla long ; anthers a little exserted, naked on the
back. Fj . w. S. Native of Brazil. Corolla red, about 2
inches long. Leaves 3 inches long. Very like S. scandens and
S. volubilis.
Convolvulus-like Siphocampylus. Shrub cl.
36 S. IMBRICA'TA (Cham, in Linnaea. 7. p. 206.) leaves im-
bricated, almost sessile, ovate, cordate, hardly acute, serru-
lated, with rather reflexed edges, scabrous from hairs' above,
shining, flat : paler beneath, and more hairy, and reticulately
veined ; pedicels axillary, shorter than the leaves, and are as
well as the calyxes hairy ; calycine segments linear, acute, 4
times shorter than the corolla ; corollas downy, exceeding the
leaves ; anthers exserted, naked on the back ; stem with many
prominent cicatrices, occasioned by the falling of the leaves,
clothed at bottom with brown stiff hairs, and densely leafy at
the top. tj . S. Native of Brazil. Leaves 6 in a whorl, by
threes. Corolla red.
Imbricated-\enved Siphocampylus. Shrub.
37 S. LYCIOIDES (Cham, in Linnsea. 7. p. 207.) erect, gla-
brous ; leaves sessile, erect, narrow-lanceolate, acute, remotely
and bluntly serrulated : lower ones somewhat verticillate, by
threes, alternate ; racemes leafy, terminal ; floral leaves 6 in a
whorl, having the pedicels by threes, verticillate; pedicels erect,
a little shorter than the leaves ; segments of the calyx ovate,
1
704
LOBELIACE.E. VII. SIPHOCAMPYLUS. VIII. LOBELIA.
loni'-acuminated, 6 times shorter than the corolla ; anthers a little
exserted, glabrous, f? . S. Native of Brazil. Stem angular.
Corolla reel.
Lycium-like Siphocampylus. Shrub 3 feet.
38 S. DEPE'NDENS ; leaves coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate, some-
what cordate at the base, acuminated, finely and spinosely denti-
culated, tomentose beneath, glabrous above ; branches and in-
florescence downy or tomentose ; pedicels from the axils of the
upper leaves, and longer than them; column much exserted;
calycine lobes linear-subulate. Tj . S. Native of Peru. Lo-
belia dependens, Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb. Flowers race-
mose, at the tops of the branches. Plant scandent.
Dependent-branched Siphocampylus. Shrub cl.
39 S. ROSMARINIFOLIUS ; erect ; leaves linear-lanceolate, entire,
with revolute margins, tomentose beneath, and glabrous above ;
pedicels axillary, about the length of the leaves; column of
stamens exserted ; calyx with a spherical tube, and long linear
segments. 7(. or Tj . S. Native of Peru. Lobelia purpurea,
Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb. Corollas red. Lower anthers
bearded at top. Leaves dense, like those of some specie»of
willow.
Rosemary-leaved Siphocampylus. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
40 S. MACROPHY'LLUS ; leaves broad, obovate, acuminated,
glabrous, slightly denticulated, tapering much to the base ;
flowers almost forming a terminal corymb, much shorter than
the leaves ; calyx with a hemispherical tube and ovate-lanceo-
late segments ; column of stamens exserted : the lower anther
bearded at top. fj . S. Native of Peru. Leaves a foot long.
Pedicels crowded. Corollas red. (v. s. in herb. Lamb.)
Large-leaved Siphocampylus. PI. 2 to 3 feet ?
41 S. LACINJA'TA ; leaves deeply jagged, acuminated; lobes
acuminated ; branches downy ; lobes of corolla falcate ; column
of stamens downy ; anthers glabrous, except the two lower ones,
which are bearded at the apex ; calyx spherical. Tj . H. Na-
tive of Peru. Lobelia biserrata, Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb.
Corollas red or scarlet.
Jagged-leaved Siphocampylus. Shrub.
42 S. FU'SCUS ; clothed with rusty tomentum in every part ;
calyx spherical, with reflexcd denticulated lobes ; leaves
elliptic-lanceolate, denticulated; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered;
corolla clothed with rusty wool ; two lower anthers bearded.
*2 . S. Native of Peru. Apparently a climbing shrub, (v. s.
in herb. Lamb.)
Brown Siphocampylus. Shrub cl.
Cult. The species all bear large, showy, scarlet, or red
flowers, and are therefore worth cultivating in every collection
of stove plants. They are of easy culture. The soil best suited
to them is a mixture of loam, sand, and peat ; and cuttings of
them strike readily in the same kind of soil under a hand-glass
in heat.
VIII. LOBE'LIA (in honour of Matthew Lobel, author of
various works, and particularly that called Icones Plantarum ;
he was born at Lisle in 1538, became physician and botanist to
James I., and died in London in 1616). Pohl, pi. bras. 2.
p. 99. — Lobelia species, Lin. and other authors.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynla. Calyx adnate to the ova-
rium ; limb 5-parted (f. 121. a.). Corolla irregular, tubular;
tube cleft on the upper side, thickened or ventricose at the
base ; limb 5-parted, bilabiate ; the 2 segments of the upper lip
linear-lanceolate (f. 12I./.); lower lip trifid and pendulous,
with lanceolate or roundish segments (f. 121. g.). Filaments
combined above (f. 121. <?.). Anthers cohering (f. 121. c.),
bearded ; the 2 lower ones usually bearded, and sometimes all.
Capsule oval, 2-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded, dehiscing at the
apex. — Erect or procumbent herbs. Leaves alternate, usually
sessile. Flowers on short pedicels, usually disposed in terminal
leafy spikes or racemes, rarely solitary and axillary, blue,
red, or white, rarely yellow.
§ 1. Species natives of America.
* Corollas blue.
1 L. CAMPORUM (Pohl, bras. 2. p. 100. t. 165.) leaves
linear, acute, remotely toothed, ciliated on the margins, gla-
brous, rather decurrent ; flowers spicate, rather remote on
short pedicels ; bracteas oblong, acuminated, rarely toothed,
pilose ; calyx pilose, a little shorter than the tube of the corolla.
Q. H. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, in
dry fields about Villa de Barbacena. Anthers all bearded. In
the plant collected by Sello the lower leaves are obovate, and
the upper ones lanceolate. Stem filiform, simple, pilose. Co-
rollas blue.
Field Lobelia. PI. 1 foot.
2 L. EXALTATA (Schott. in Pohl, pi. bras. 2. p. 101. t.
166.) leaves sessile, lanceolate, acuminated, rather attenuated
at the base, denticulated, quite glabrous ; flowers racemose,
coarctate, pedicellate ; bracteas lanceolate, acuminated, rather
hairy ; calyx pilose, exceeding the tube of the corolla in length.
H.. S. Native of Brazil, in marshy places in the province of
Rio Janeiro, at Fazenda Malheas Ramos; as well as of the pro-
vince of Minas Geraes. Stem fistular, furrowed, quite simple,
glabrous, of a yellowish green colour. Bracteas ciliated. Co-
rollas blue.
Exalted Lobelia. PI. 5 feet.
3 L. THAI-SOIDES (Schott, ex Pohl, bras. 2. p. 102. t. 167.)
leaves sessile, lanceolate, attenuated at the base, very long, den-
ticulated, ciliated, rather pilose ; flowers racemose, coarctate,
on short pedicels ; calycine segments lanceolate, acuminated,
pilose, shorter than the tube of the corolla. I/ . S. Native of
Brazil, about Rio Janeiro; and of the province of Goyaz. Stem
tough, filled, simple, rather pilose, of a greenish brown colour.
Bracteas ciliated. Flowers dense blue.
Thapsvs-like Lobelia. PI. 6 feet.
4 L. PAUCIFLORA (H. B.et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 314.)
stem herbaceous, erect, simple ; leaves sessile : radical ones lan-
ceolate : cauline ones linear, remotely denticulated, glabrous ;
racemes terminal, few-flowered, on long peduncles ; flowers on
short pedicels ; calycine segments hairy, as well as the corolla,
one-half shorter than the tube of the corolla. I/ . S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, in dry grassy places
about Villa Barbacena; and of Mexico, near Valladolid de
Mechoacan. L. commutata, Willd. rel. ex Rcem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 73. L. simplex, Willd. herb. Corollas blue. Stem
glabrous, striated. Bracteas linear, hairy, longer than the pe-
dicels.
Few-flowered Lobelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. \ ft.
5 L. RAPUNCULOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 312.)
leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, denticulated, glabrous, sessile ;
racemes terminal, loose-flowered ; calycine segments equal in
length to the tube of corolla ; stems branched, procumbent. 1£.
S. Native near the town of Mexico. L. dracunculoides,
Willd. rel. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 56. 1 Stem hairy at
bottom. Flowers remote, pedicellate. Bracteas linear, about
the length of the pedicels. Corolla blue, glabrous. Leaves !•£
inch long. Two lower anthers bearded.
Rampion-like Lobelia. PI. procumbent.
6 L. COLLINA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 312.)
leaves lanceolate-linear, acute, denticulated, glabrous, sessile ;
racemes terminal, ascending; segments of the calyx one-half
shorter than the tube of the corolla ; stems procumbent ;
branches ascending, glabrous. I/ . S. Native of Peru, on dry
LOBELIACE^E. VIII. LOBELIA.
705
hills between Malacatis and Gonzanama, at the altitude of about
3000 feet. L. linifolia, Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst.
5. p. 67. Leaves 1 to l^ inch long. Pedicels recurved, about
equal in length to the bracteas, which are linear. Flowers of a
violaceous blue colour. Two lower anthers bearded.
Hill Lobelia. PI. procumbent.
7 L. FASTIGIA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 313.)
leaves lanceolate, remotely denticulated, glabrous, almost ses-
sile ; racemes terminal, elongated ; calycine segments glabrous,
about equal in length to the tube of the corolla ; stem herba-
ceous, erect, with fastigiate branches. If. . S. Native of Quito,
near Popayan and Chillo, at the altitude of about 3000 feet.
Lobelia tenuifolia, Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
56. Stems and branches angular, glabrous. Leaves 12-15 lines
long. Bracteas linear, obsoletely denticulated, shorter than the
pedicels. Corolla violaceous. Two lower anthers bearded.
Fastigiate-branched Lobelia. PI.
8 L. MO'LLIS (Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. Decemb. 1829.)
stem erect, branched, downy ; leaves petiolate, cordately ovate,
y.. F. Native of North America, in Canada, Carolina, and
New York. Sims, bot. mag. 2238. Corollas beautiful blue,
with the segments of the lower lip obovate, acute, marked by 2
white confluent spots in the centre. The variety of this which
grows in Carolina has the radical leaves roundly spatulate ; the
stem more slender, and the flowers smaller.
Kalm's Lobelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1B20. PI. 1 to l£ ft.
13 L. NUTTA'LLII (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 39.) leaves
oblong-linear, denticulated, obtuse, remotish ; flowers loosely
racemose, distant ; pedicels coloured, shorter than the flowers,
bibracteate at the base ; segments of the calyx obtuse ; stem
erect, minutely scabrous, branched. It . H. Native of North
America, from New Jersey to Carolina, on the dry sandy edges
of bogs. L. graeilis, Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 77. but not of
R. Br. Pedicels and corollas blue; the lower lip marked by
2 acute white stripes, and 2 green dots, and other 2 towards the
base of the tube. Very like L. Kalmii, and probably a variety
of it.
Nuttall's Lobelia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 to
acute, downy above, and along the veins beneath, mucronatelv 1^ foot.
r= — "*14 L. FENESTRA'LIS (Cav. icon.
and doubly serrated : superior leaves lanceolate ; racemes te
minal, elongated ; pedicels loose ; segments of the lower lip of
the calyx subulate, shorter than the corolla. O- F. Native of
Dominica, where it was collected by Dr. Krauss. Leaves 8 lines
long and 6 broad. Calycine segment equal in length to the
tube of the corolla, which is purplish, with the tube cleft along
the upper side. Anthers purplish, having 2 short white awns
projecting from their lower edge. Stigma almost simple, beard-
ed. Perhaps a distinct genus.
Soft Lobelia. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1828. PI. 1 foot.
9 L. RUPE'STRIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 313.)
leaves sessile, hairy or downy, toothed ; lower ones oblong or ob-
ovate-oblong, obtuse : superior ones lanceolate, acute ; racemes
terminal ; segments of the calyx hairy, about equal in length to
the tube of the corolla; stem erect, branched a little. 2£. S.
Native of the province of Popayan, on the declivities of the
burning Mount Purace. Lobelia polygalffifolia, Willd. rel. ex
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 56. Stems rather angular, and
are as well as the branches downy. Bracteas linear, lanceo-
late, twice the length of the pedicels, which are distant.
Flowers violaceous. Anthers blue, 2 lower ones bearded.
Rock Lobelia. PI. 1 foot.
10 L. TE'NERA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 314.)
leaves sessile, lanceolate-linear : lower ones lanceolate, remotely
denticulated, glabrous ; racemes terminal, few-flowered, on long
peduncles ; flowers on long pedicels ; calycine segments gla-
brous, about equal in length to the tube of the corolla ; stem her-
baceous, erect, simple, glabrous. I/ . S. Native of the province
of Quito, on hills near Puemba. Leaves 12-15 lines long.
Flowers blue, remote, about the size of those of L. iirens. Fila-
ments ciliated at the base. Two lower anthers bearded.
Tender Lobelia. Fl. July. PI. | foot.
11 L. XALAPE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
315.) leaves on long petioles, ovate-deltoid, irregularly crenated,
hairy above, glabrous beneath ; racemes terminal, pedunculate ;
calycine segments about equal in length to the tube of the
corolla ; stem erect, paniculately branched, angular, glabrous.
1£. F. Native of Mexico, near Xalapa and Macultipec. Leaves
nearly as broad as long. Bracteas linear, much shorter than the
pedicels. Filaments ciliated at the base. Two lower anthers
bearded.
Xalapa Lobelia.
12 L.KA'LMII (Lin. spec. 1318.) radical leaves spatulate, hairy :
cauline ones linear, glabrous, sessile, denticulated or nearly entire;
racemes loose, leafy ; pedicels furnished with 2 bracteas at the
apex, longer than the capsules ; stem erect, slender, glabrous.
VOL. III.
PI. | foot.
6. p. S. t. 512. f. 2.) leaves
lanceolate, acuminated, toothed, half-stem-clasping, glabrous,
glaucous ; spikes terminal, many-flowered ; genitals shorter than
the tube of the corolla. O- H. Native of Mexico, near the
town of St. Bartolone. Stem simple, furrowed. Leaves 2
inches long and 2 lines broad. Flowers almost sessile, disposed
in leafy spikes, small, blue, fenestrate at the base, about 2 lines
long. Stigma villous. Tube of corolla about 2 lines long.
Genitals one-half shorter than the corolla.
Windowed Lobelia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1824. PI. 1| foot.
15 L. CLIFFORTIA'NA (Lin. spec. p. 1320.) leaves on long pe-
tioles, ovate or roundish-ovate, rather cordate, bluntly and
sinuately toothed, glabrous ; racemes terminal, on long pedun-
cles ; calycine segments glabrous, about equal in length to the
tube of the corolla; stem erect, nearly simple, glabrous. Q. H.
Native of North America, in humid places ; and of Cuba, about
the Havannah ; and of Mexico, near San Andres and Jalapa, in
bushy places. Stem angular. Root perpendicular. Bracteas
linear, much shorter than the pedicels, which are long and fili-
form. Corollas blue or violaceous.
De Cli/ort's Lobelia. PI. \ to 1 foot.
16 L. SPICA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb.) glabrous; stem
simple ; leaves obovately lanceolate, obtuse, denticulated ; upper
ones lanceolate, sessile, denticulated ; racemes simple ; pedicels
rising from the axils of the linear bracteas. Q. S. Native of
Peru. Flowers small, blue. Like L. urens. Calyx tubular,
with subulate segments.
Spike-fiovrerei\ Lobelia. PI. 1 foot.
17 L. MONII'COLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
316.) leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, rather cordate, doubly ser-
rated, hairy on both surfaces ; racemes terminal, on long pedun-
cles ; segments of calyx glabrous, about equal in length to the
tube of the corolla; stem erect, almost simple, rather angular,
glabrous, or a little hairy. Q. H. Native of New Granada,
on the mountains between Fusagasuga and Pande. L. palmaris,
Willd. rel. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 56. Root perpen-
dicular, branched. Bracteas linear, much shorter than the pedi-
cels. Corollas blue, glabrous. Anthers puberulous at the apex,
but beardless.
Mountain Lobelia. PI. ^ foot.
18 L. MICRA'NTHA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
316.) leaves petiolate, ovate, acuminated, dentately serrated,
nearly glabrous ; racemes terminal, sessile ; calycine segments
glabrous, about equal in length to the tube of the corolla ; stem
erect, paniculately branched, angular, hairy. O- H. Native
of the province of Quito, near Puembo. Lobelia ruderalis,
4X
706
LOBELIACEiE. VIII. LOBELIA.
Willd. rel. ex Roem. el Schultes, syst. 5. p. 56. Root perpen-
dicular. Bracteas linear, shorter than the pedicels. Corolla
blue. Two lower anthers bearded.
Small-flowered Lobelia. PI. \ foot.
19 L. SUBTI'LIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 317.)
leaves on short petioles, sharply toothed, hairy above, and gla-
brous beneath : lower ones nearly orbicular, and ovate : su-
perior ones lanceolate ; flowers axillary, on long pedicels, race-
mose ; calycine segments glabrous, about equal in length to the
tube of the corolla ; stem erect, simple or branched, angular,
hairy. 0. H. Native along with the preceding species. L.
Draba, Willd. rel. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 67.
Flowers size and colour of those of the preceding.
Slender Lobelia. PI. | foot.
20 L. NA'NA (Willd. rel. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 67.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 317. t. 272.) leaves spa-
tulate, quite entire, thickish, glabrous ; flowers axillary and
radical, on long pedicels ; calycine segments glabrous, hardly
equal in length to the tube of the corolla ; stem short, erect,
throwing out runners, Tf . F. Native of Mexico, near Real
del Monte and Moran. Herb almost stemless, stoloniferous.
Root with thick fibres. Corolla pale, violaceous. Filaments
downy. Two lower anthers bearded.
Dnarf Lobelia. PI. stoloniferous.
21 L. CIAYTONIA'NA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 153.) leaves
oblong, obtuse, almost quite entire ; lower ones spatulate, quite
entire: cauline ones a little denticulated ; spikes twiggy, naked ;
bracteas subulate ; stem downy, erect, simple. If.. H. Native of
North America, from New York to Carolina, in mountain woods
and other shady places. L. pallida, Muhl. L. goodenioides,
Willd. herb, berol. 1. t. 30. L. spicata, Lam. Stem angular.
Leaves rather villous on the edges. Flowers very small, nu-
merous, pale blue ; segments of the calyx subulate, almost the
length of the corolla. Lower lip of corolla reflexed. Capsules
turbinate, very short.
Clayton's Lobelia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
22 L. SYPHILI'TICA (Lin. spec. 1320. Jacq. icon. S. t. 597.)
leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated at both ends, unequally ser-
rated ; flowers axillary, solitary, forming altogether a long leafy
raceme ; sinuses of calyx reflexed, and are as well as the pe-
duncles hairy. I/. H. Native of Virginia, in dry woods.
Woodv. med. bot. 177. t. 63. Ker. bot. reg. 537. Rapuntium
syphiliticum, Mill. diet. no. 2. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 152. t.
30. Leaves sessile, rather scabrous, decurrent. Flowers blue.
Calyx serrately denticulated. Corolla angular, with nearly equal
segments, having the keel ciliated, and the palate furnished
with 2 gibbosities. The root is the part of the plant directed to
be used in medicine ; it resembles tobacco in taste, and is apt to
excite vomiting. It derives its trivial name from its efficacy in
the cure of syphilis, as experienced by the North American
Indians, with whom it was a secret. A decoction is made of a
handful of the roots, in 3 measures of water. Of this half a
measure is taken in the morning fasting, and repeated in the
evening ; and the dose increased till its effects become too
violent, when it is intermitted for a day or two. Although the
plant is said to cure the disease in a very short time, yet its vir-
tues have not been confirmed by any instances in European
practice.
Var. ft, maculatus ; stem more attenuated ; leaves sharply
denticulated, spotted with rust colour. I/ . H. Lam. diet. 3. p.
586. no. 21.
Syphilitic Lobelia. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1665. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
23 L. INFLA'TA (Lin. spec. 1320. act. ups. 1741. p. 23. t. 1.)
leaves sessile, dentately serrated : lower ones ovate-oblong :
superior ones ovate; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, forming a
terminal leafy raceme ; stem hairy; capsules inflated. 0. H.
Native of Virginia and Canada. Bigel. mat. med. amer. 1. p.
177. t. 19. Sweet, fl. gard. 99. Rapuntium inflatum, Mill. diet,
no. 5. Stem branched at the top. Leaves rather villous be-
neath. Flowers small, pale blue. Segments of the calyx subu-
late, equal in length to the corolla. Leaves about 2 inches long.
7n/Zato/-capsuled Lobelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI.
1 to 1| foot.
24 L. COLORA'TA (Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 180.) glabrous;
leaves lanceolate, acuminated, erosely toothed ; raceme spicate,
elongated, leafy ; calycine segments linear-subulate, if . H.
Received from North America, but probably a hybrid between
L. syphilitica and L. cardinalis. Corollas deep azure blue,
crowded. Ovarium half inferior. This is probably the L. coe-
lestes, Nutt. and L. crispa, Graham, ex Loud. hort. brit. p. 75.
Coloured Lobelia. PI. 4 to 5 feet.
25 L. CCSLE'STIS (Nutt. ex Loud. hort. brit. p. 592.) this
plant is in the gardens, but we are not aware of where it is
described ; it comes very near to L. syphilitica, and may only be
a variety of that species. I/ . H. Native of North America.
L. crispa, Graham, ex Loud. hort. brit. p. 75. Flowers of a
beautiful blue, disposed in long dense terminal racemes.
Heavenly-\>\ue Lobelia. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1831. PI. 2 ft.
26 L. URANOCOMA (Cham, in Linnaea. 7. p. 321.) stem erect,
angular, fistular ; leaves hairy, erect, linear, attenuated, acute,
finely denticulated ; pedicels disposed in a terminal leafy raceme,
shorter than the floral leaves, which are densely imbricated,
ovate, acute, and shorter than the others, of a bluish colour ;
segments of the calyx linear, attenuated, about equal in length
to the middle of the corolla, which is clothed with fine glandular
down; anthers bearded in front. If. S. Native of tropical
Brazil. Leaves a foot long. Corolla cleft on the back, nearly
2 inches long, blue.
Blue-tufted Lobelia. PI. 5 feet.
27 L. GLANDULOSA (Walt. car. p. 218.) leaves lanceolate,
glandularly serrated, rather fleshy, glabrous ; flowers on short
pedicels, racemose ; segments of the calyx revolute, toothed ;
stem erect, branched, rather downy. ~)J. . H. Native of Caro-
lina, by the sea side in marshes among grass. L. crassiuscula,
Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 152. Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 76.
Pedicels furnished with 2 bracteas, which are terminated by a
gland each. Corollas blue, having the disk of the lower lip
bearded. Stigma beset with white hairs.
Glandular-leaved Lobelia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
28 L. PUBE'RULA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 15?.) plant
very simple, downy ; leaves oblong, obtuse, repandly serrulated ;
flowers almost sessile, forming altogether a leafy elongated spike ;
calyx downy ; calycine segments erect, lanceolate-subulate, entire,
having the sinuses a little reflexed ; stamens inclosed. I/. H.
Native from Virginia to Carolina, in mountain tracts. Pursh, fl.
amer. sept. 2. p. 447. Bracteas serrulated. Flowers pale blue.
Ovarium hispid. It differs from L. Claytoniana in the flowers
being thrice the size, and of a more beautiful blue.
Var. ft, glabella (Hook. bot. mag. t. 3292.) leaves hardly
downy; calyx glabrous. If.. H. Native of Louisiana, about
Jackson Ville. Corolla bright purplish blue.
Puberulous Lobelia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
29 L. AMCS'NA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 153.) plant quite
glabrous; leaves broad-lanceolate, serrated; spikes secund,
many-flowered ; segments of the calyx entire ; segments of the
lower lip of the corolla ovate, acute. If. H. Native from
Virginia to Carolina, on the mountains. Leaves usually gla-
brous, 6-8 inches long, and 1 inch broad. Corollas pale blue.
Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 2. p. 443. Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 76.
Juss. ann. mus. 18. p. 16. t. 1. no. 1.
Pleasant Lobelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
30 L. GRUINA (Cav. icon. 6. p. 8. t. 511. f. 2.) leaves sessile,
LOBELIACE^E. VIII. LOBELIA.
707
lanceolate-linear, toothed ; stem naked at the top, therefore the
raceme of flowers is naked and terminal ; bracteas subulate. If. . S.
Native of New Spain. Stem striated, glabrous. Leaves 2 inches
long, glabrous. Corollas blue. Tube of corolla 3-4 lines long ;
segments of the upper lip narrower than those of the lower, and
reflexed. Stigma villous. Filaments exserted, and resembling a
stork's head. Very like L. urens.
Stork's Lobelia. PI. 1 foot.
31 L. NUMMULARIOIDES (Cham, in Linneea. 7. p. 209.) gla-
brous ; leaves rather fleshy, ovate, cordate, rather reniform, ob-
tuse, quite entire, or obsoletely subsinuately crenated, on short
petioles, and sessile ; flowers axillary, on long pedicels ; caly-
cine segments a little shorter than the corolline tube ; anthers
glabrous on the back, all bearded ; fruit globose ; stems pros-
trate, radicant, but ascending and floriferous at the apex. if.. S.
Native of Brazil, within the tropics, in marshy places. Nearly
allied to L. Zeyldnica. Corolla blue or violaceous.
Moneywort-like Lobelia. PI. prostrate and creeping.
32 L. RENIFO'RMIS (Cham, in Linnaea. 7. p. 210.) herbaceous,
hairy ; stems rather capillary, branched, creeping, rooting ; leaves
on short petioles, orbicularly reniform, obsoletely angular, mem-
branous, nerved, and reticulately veined, pale green above, and
glaucescent beneath ; pedicels terminal and axillary, elongated ;
corolla glabrous outside, villous inside, with a broadish tube,
and triangular segments ; anthers glabrous on the back ; calycine
teeth ovate, acute, much shorter than the tube of the corolla.
y.. S. Native of Brazil. Plant tufted, creeping. Leaves
hairy, ciliated on the edges. Flowers blue.
Kidney-shaped-leaved Lobelia. PI. creeping.
33 L. AQUA'TICA (Cham, in Linnaea. 7. p. 211.) a glabrous
aquatic herb ; stem erect or floating, flattened in the dry state ;
leaves scattered, erect, sessile, narrow-lanceolate, acute, obso-
letely serrated, 1-nerved ; pedicels axillary at the tops of the
stem, capillary, erect, twice the length of the leaves ; ovarium
semi-elliptic, crowned by the calycine segments, which are a
little shorter than the tube of the corolla ; anthers all bearded,
glabrous on the back, exceeding the corolline tube, but shorter
than its segments. "%. . S. Native of Brazil, on the banks of
rivers, or in marshes among grasses. Flowers blue. Leaves
half an inch long.
Aquatic Lobelia. PI. •£ to ^ foot.
34 L. SESSILIFOLIA (Lamb, in Lin. trans. 1 0. p. 260. t. 6.) leaves
sessile, oblong-lanceolate, serrulated, glabrous ; pedicels axillary,
shorter than the leaves ; stem erect, leafy, glabrous, very simple.
Tf. . H. Native of Kamtschatka. L. Camtschatica, Pall. mss.
Habit of A Euphorbia. Leaves of an obscure green. Flowers blue?
Sessile-leaved Lobelia. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
35 L. UMBELLA'TA (Vest, ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
58.) glabrous ; leaves sessile, linear, toothed, dilated and trifid
at the apex ; flowers terminal, umbellate ; stem erect. I/ . ? S.
Native country unknown. Stem angular. Leaves like those of
Chrysanthemum leucdnthemum. Involucrum of umbel short.
Corollas blue, nearly an inch long, with the segments of the
upper lip linear and reflexed, and of the lower one oblong.
Stamens a little shorter than the tube of the corolla. Anthers
bearded at the apex.
Umbellate-RovtereA Lobelia. PI. 1 foot.
* * Corollas red, purple or scarlet, rarely yellowish.
36 L. GRAMI'NEA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 583.) glabrous; leaves
linear, ensiform, acute ; racemes long, simple ; stem erect, sim-
ple ; bracteas linear, acute, shorter than the flowers. — Native of
Peru. Leaves 5 inches long, and 2-3 lines broad. Flowers
scarlet, on short pedicels, form of those of L. cardinalis. Fila-
ments and stamens combined.
Grassy-leaved Lobelia. PI. 2 feet.
37 L. PULVERULE'NTA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 212.) leaves ovate,
on very short petioles, glabrous above and wrinkled, but clothed
with white tomentum beneath ; corollas campanulate, powdery ;
stem shrubby. Jj . S. Native of South America, on the road
from Guaranda to Mount Chimborazo. Stem branched, tomen-
tose. Leaves obtuse, with subrevolute edges, 3 inches long.
Pedicels longer than the leaves, altogether forming a leafy
raceme. Corollas white from powdery tomentum outside, and
reddish inside, less than an inch long, with equal oblong acute
segments. Perhaps a species of Clermonlea.
Powdery Lobelia. PI. 6 to 8 feet.
38 L. COBDI'OERA (Cav. icon. 6. p. 14. t. 523.) leaves ovate,
acute, half-stem-clasping, villous, denticulated ; pedicels villous,
axillary, solitary ; stem villous, furrowed. I/ . F. Native of
Chili. Leaves 3 inches long. Calyx villous. Corolla scarlet,
lip inch long, with the segments of the upper lip linear, elon-
gated, of the lower lip ovate, acute. Genitals glabrous.
Heart-bearing Lobelia. PI. 3 feet.
39 L. DECU'RRENS (Cav. icon. 6. p. 13. t. 521.) leaves ovate-
lanceolate, biserrated, decurrent, glabrous, approximate ; flowers
solitary, axillary, altogether forming a long leafy raceme ; calyx
villous, with the segments deeply serrated ; tube of corolla cleft
even to the base. Jj . F. Native of Chili, on the banks of the
river Claro. Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. 86. Stem glabrous. Leaves
2 inches long and an inch broad, with 2 small teeth between
each large one. Corolla purplish-violet, 1^ inch long; upper
lip of 2 linear segments, which are villous at the apex, of the
lower acute, and are as well as the anthers pilose.
Decurrent-leaved Lobelia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1826. PI.
5 to 6 feet.
40 L. CONGLOBA'TA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 585.) leaves oblong-cunei-
form, denticulated, shining ; racemes globose, terminal ; seg-
ments of calyx fringed; stem simple, filled with medula. If.. S.
Native of Martinico and St. Domingo. Lin. spec. 4. 1. 117. Stem
thick, naked at the base. Leaves a foot and more long, and 3
inches broad, exceeding the corymb of flowers. Flowers very
numerous, disposed in a short raceme. Bracteas lanceolate,
denticulated, shorter than the flowers. Corollas shorter than
the calyx, scarlet, but in the larger variety greenish-red. Per-
haps a species of Tiipa.
Conglobate-racemed Lobelia. PI. 1 foot.
41 L. CAVANILLESIA'NA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 43.)
glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated, ses-
sile; pedicels solitary, axillary, longer than the leaves, the whole
forming a leafy raceme ; corollas downy. %. S. Native of
New Spain, near Acambaro. L. persicifolia, Cav. icon. 6. p.
12. t. 518. Stem herbaceous, striated, branched. Serratures
of leaves setaceous. Calyx globose. Corolla red ; with the
tube nearly an inch long. Probably a species of Tiipa. An-
thers bearded with white hairs.
Cavanilles's Lobelia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. PI. 3 ft.
42 LrpERsicirbiJA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 584.) leaves narrow-lan-
ceolate, serrated ; pedicels axillary, solitary, shorter than the
leaves, the whole forming a leafy raceme. If. . S. Native of
Guadaloupe, in marshes. Stem fistular. Leaves numerous.
Corolla purplish, glabrous, a little curved, 1| inch long. Per-
haps a species of Siphocampylus.
Peach-leaved Lobelia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI. 1| ft.
43 L. KRAU'SSH (Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. March, 1830.
bot. mag. 3012.) leaves sessile, lanceolate, decurrent, sharply-
serrated, glabrous ; pedicels axillary, solitary, longer than the
leaves, the whole forming a leafy terminal raceme ; calycine seg-
ments subulate, a little toothed, spreading, and are as well as
the corolla glabrous ; stem herbaceous, glabrous, erect, branched.
If. . S. Native of Dominica, where it was collected by Dr.
Krauss. Leaves 4^ inches long. Corolla 1 inch long, red,
4x2
708
LOBELIACEjE. VIII. LOBELIA.
cleft along the back to the base ; segments linear-subulate : the
2 upper ones the broadest. Filaments white, downy ; anthers
lead-colour, terminated by a dense white beard. Nearly allied to
L. persicifdlia.
ATratm's Lobelia. Fl. Jan. Feb. Clt. 1828. PI. 1| foot.
44 L. RACEMOSA (Hook. bot. mag. 2137.) stem suffruticose,
erect ; leaves lanceolate, spinosely serrated ; racemes terminal ;
pedicels exceeding the flowers, at length deflexed ; calycine seg-
ments awl-shaped, sharply serrated. ^ . S. Native of the
Island of St. Christopher; and of Brazil, at Rio Janeiro. Leaves
9 inches long. Branches terete. Pedicels bibracteate. Bracteas
serrated. Corolla plaited, cleft on the back, having the lower
lip 3-lobed, and the segments of the upper lip narrow, all re-
coiled backwards, greenish. Anthers lead-coloured, as well as
the stigma. This is a true species of Tupa.
Racemose-flowered Lobelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh.
2 to 3 feet.
45 L. ACUMINA'TA (Swartz, prod. p. 117. fl. ind. occ. p. 1950.)
glabrous; leaves lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, serrulated,
glabrous ; racemes terminal, many-flowered. Jj . S. Native of
Jamaica and St. Domingo. L. salicina, Lam. diet. 3. p. 583. —
Sloane, jam. 1. p. 158. t. 95. f. 2. Stem glabrous. Leaves 6-8
inches long, and an inch broad. Flowers pale red, or greenish
white, disposed in a compound raceme. Bracteas linear. Corolla
curved, villous outside. Perhaps a species of Siphocdmpylus.
Acuminated-leaved Lobelia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI.
3 to 4 feef.
46 L. LACINIA'TA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 584.) leaves lanceolate,
pinnatifidly tootlied : the segments ayain toothed ; corymbs ter-
minal, small, sessile. Tf.. S. Native of St. Domingo. Stem
glabrous, a little branched. Leaves nearly glabrous, more than
. 2 inches long. Corolla greenish red, glabrous, an inch long.
Jagged-\eave& Lobelia. PL 1 foot.
47 L. SONCHIFOLIA (Swartz, fl. ind. 3. p. 1947.) leaves deeply
sinuated : superior ones pinnatifid, with lanceolate denticulated
segments ; racemes terminal, leafy. I/ . S. Native of New
Spain, on the margins of rivers. Stem simple, glabrous. Leaves
petiolate, glabrous, glaucous beneath. Bracteas jagged. Corolla
purplish, like that of L. cardinalis. Anthers bearded.
Sorv-thistle-leaved Lobelia. PI. 2 feet.
48 L. STRI'CTA (Swartz, prod. 1 1 7. fl. ind. occ. p. 1952.) lower
leaves elliptic, spiny-toothed, glabrous, tufted ; stem simple,
stiff; flowers spicate. 1? . S. Native of Guadaloupe. Lam. diet.
3. p. 584. no. 15. Radical leaves larger than the rest, attenuated
at the base, 3 inches long, and an inch broad. Pedicels short,
the whole forming a terminal leafy raceme. Corollas purplish.
Straight Lobelia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
49 L. ROBU'STA (Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. Dec. 1831.
Hook. bot. mag. 3138.) leaves obovate-lanceolate, acuminated,
coarsely toothed, glabrous, shining ; racemes terminal, simple,
secund. fj . S. Native of Hayti. Leaves decurrent a little
way down the stem, lilac-coloured beneath while* young.
Flowers numerous, on villous pedicels, furnished each with one
bractea at the base, and 2 in the middle. Bracteas linear. Co-
rollas of a deep dull purple. Calyx spherical, with serrated
segments. Filaments ciliated. Two upper anthers ciliated.
Stigma 2-lobed. Allied to L. assurgens.
Robust Lobelia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1830. PI. 4 feet.
50 L. ASSU'RGENS (Lin. amcen. acad. 5. p. 408.) leaves broad,
lanceolate, serrated or denticulated and decurrent at the base ;
racemes simple, terminal ; segments of the calyx serrated ;
capsule angular. }/ . S. Native of Jamaica, on the mountains,
particularly on the edges of streams. Andr. bot. rep. 553.
Leaves a foot long, glaucous. Stem reddish, almost simple, gla-
brous. Flowers crowded, large, downy, purple. The column
of anthers has 5 blue grooves. Probably a species of Tupa.
Assurgent Lobelia. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1787. PI. 3 to 4 ft.
51 L. FOLIOSA (Willd. rel. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 56.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 310.) leaves sessile, decur-
rent, lanceolate, doubly toothed, glabrous ; flowers axillary, pedi-
cellate, the whole forming a leafy raceme ; corollas hairy ; stem
erect, simple, glabrous. 7{. S. Natjve of the kingdom of
Quito, in humid places near Guancabamba. Leaves crowded on
the stem, 3 inches long. Pedicels hairy. Segments of the calyx
furnished at the base with remote subulate teeth, about equal in
length to the tube of the corolla. Corolla pale purple. Two
lower anthers bearded. Allied to L. decurrens, Cav. and L.
cardinalis.
Leafy Lobelia. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
52 L. LAXIFLORA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
311.) leaves almost sessile, oblong, acuminated, serrulated, gla-
brous ; racemes terminal, secund ; flowers on long pedicels ;
corollas hairy ; stem erect, simple, angular, glabrous. 1£. F.
Native of Mexico, between Quaxiniquilapa and Acaguirolla. L.
fissa, Willd. rel. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 57. Leaves
2-J inches long. Rachis of raceme hairy. Calyx hairy. Corolla
pale purple. Allied to L. cardinalis.
Loose-flowered Lobelia. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
53 L. RIGIDULA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 311.)
leaves short, sessile, oblong-lanceolate, acutish, sharply serru-
lated, stiffish, glabrous above, but rugged and hairy beneath ;
flowers axillary, on long pedicels ; corollas hairy. 1^. S. Na-
tive of New Spain. Stems hairy above. Leaves 2 inches long.
Flowers and fruit like those of the preceding species, to which it
is very nearly allied.
Stiffish Lobelia. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
54 L. FU'LGENS (Willd. hort. berol. 2. p. 85. t. 85.) leaves
lanceolate, denticulated, with revolute margins, downy as well as
the stems ; racemes terminal, leafy, somewhat secund. If. . H.
Native of Mexico. Andr. bot. rep. 659. Bonpl. malm. p. 19.
t. 7. Stem reddish. Leaves 4-6 inches long. Corollas about
an inch long, downy outside, of a splendid scarlet colour.
Fulgent Lobelia. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1809. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
55 L. CARDINA'LIS (Lin. spec. 1320.) leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, cartilaginously denticulated, glabrous as well as the stems ;
racemes terminal, unilateral, leafy. If. . F. Native of Virginia
and Carolina ; and of Mexico, near Jalapa. Pursh, fl. amer.
sept. 2. p. 448. Curt. bot. mag. 320. — Knor. del. 2. t. L. f. 2.
Rapuntium cardinalis, Mill. diet. no. 1. — Mor. hist. 2. p. 466.
sect. 5. t. 5. f. 54. — Hern. mex. p. 879. t. 880. Leaves pur-
plish beneath, 3 inches long, and l| broad. Flowers scarlet.
It differs from L.fulgens in being glabrous, and in the segments
of the lower lip of the flower being obtuse, not lanceolate, and
acute.
CanfinaZ-flowered Lobelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1626. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
56 L. SPLE'NDENS (Willd. hort. berol. 2. t. 86.) leaves lanceo-
late, denticulated, with flat margins, quite glabrous as well as
the stems ; racemes terminal, somewhat secund. 3£. F. Na-
tive of Mexico. Ker. bot. reg. 60. Stem purplish. Pedicels
compressed, purplish. Corolla scarlet, glabrous, very like those
of the two last species.
Splendent Lobelia. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1814. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
57 L. SPECIOSA (Hort. Lindl. bot. reg. 1445. Sweet, fl. gard.
n. s. 174.). This is a hybrid between L. sijphilitica and L. car-
dinalis, splendens orfulgens. The flowers are purple.
Showy Lobelia. Fl. June, Oct. Hybrid. PI. 2 to 5 feet.
§ 2. Species natives of the East Indies and other parts of
Asia.
LOBELIACEjE. VIII. LOBELIA.
709
58 L. CHINE'NSIS (Lour. coch. p. 514.) glabrous ; leaves ses-
sile, lanceolate, quite entire ; flowers solitary, terminal ; stem
creeping; branches ascending. ©• H. Native of China, about
Canton. Flowers pale blue, pedicellate. Segments of the co-
rolla lanceolate, unequal. Stigma bifid, revolute.
China Lobelia. PI. creeping.
59 L. HEYNEA'NA (Room, et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 56.) stem
filiform, erect, winged ; leaves subrhomboid, serrated, decur-
rent, setosely ciliated at the base ; peduncles axillary, solitary,
length of leaves ; calyxes glabrous. — Native of the East Indies.
L. decurrens, Roth, nov. pi. spec. mss. The stem is winged
from the leaves being decurrent.
Heyne's Lobelia. PI. | to 1 foot ?
60 L. ZEYLA'NICA (Lin. spec. 1322.) stems prostrate and
creeping, downy ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, somewhat
cordate, serrated, acute : lower ones obtuse ; peduncles solitary,
1 -flowered, axillary, equal in length to the leaves, villous ; cap-
sules rather villous. 2£. S. Native of China and the East
Indies, in fields. L. nummularifolia, Lam. diet. 3. p. 563.? —
Seb. thes. 1. p. 37. t. 22. f. 12. Var. ft, hirta, Lin. spec. 935.
Plant small. Leaves like those of Veronica chamcedryos, fleshy,
beset with a few pellucid hairs ; lower ones crenated ; upper
ones serrated. Peduncles downy. Flowers purple. This is a
very pretty plant when in blossom. It differs from L. trigona,
Roxb. by its petioled more rounded leaves, terete stems, and its
pubescence.
Ceylon Lobelia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. PI. creeping.
61 L. CHENOPODIIFOLIA (Wall. cat. no. 1312.) stem branched
at the base ; lower leaves roundish-ovate, obtuse, broadly cre-
nated : upper ones ovate -lanceolate or deltoid, acuminated,
coarsely toothed ; peduncles elongated, terminal, bearing loose
racemes of flowers at the apex ; calyeine segments subulate.
0. H. Native of the East Indies. ? Flowers small, probably
pale blue.
Goose-foot-leaved Lobelia. PL 1 foot.
62 L. AFFINIS (Wall. cat. no. 1311.) plant downy, creeping at
the base ; leaves ovate, petiolate, membranous, cuneated at the
base, slightly denticulated ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered ;
calyx hairy, with linear segments ; stems angular. I/ . S. Na-
tive of the East Indies, in Silhet and Goalpara. Flowers blue.
Stems creeping at the base. This species is very like L, Zey-
Idnica and L. trigona.
Jilted Lobelia. PI. \ foot.
63 L. NUMMOLA'RIA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 589.) stems creeping,
filiform ; leaves roundish-cordate, crenated ; peduncles 1-flowered,
axillary, a little longer than the leaves. 11 . ? S. Native of
Java. Habit of Siblhorpia. Stem rather villous. Leaves small,
rather villous beneath, unequal. Petioles 2-3 lines long. Co-
rolla 4-5 lines long, longer than the stamens.
Money-ntort-leaved Lobelia. PI. creeping.
64 L. ? PU'MILA (Burm. prod. 1. t. 60. f. 3.) glabrous; stems
procumbent ; leaves opposite, ovate, quite entire ; panicles ter-
minal. Tf.. S. Native of Coromandel. Leaves petiolate.
Flowers small.
Dwarf Lobelia. PI. procumbent.
65 L. TRIALA'TA (Ham. mss. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p.
157.) leaves roundish-ovate, serrated, glabrous ; petioles dilated,
decurrent at the base ; pedicels solitary, axillary, longer than the
leaves ; flowers somewhat racemose ; segments of the calyx fili-
form ; stem ascending, triquetrous, branched, winged, glabrous.
7/. F. Native of Nipaul. L. micrantha, Hook. exot. fl. t. 44.
Stem hardly a hand high, rooting at the base. Pedicels longer
than the leaves. Corollas small, red. Very like L. gratioloides,
Roxb., but in that species the leaves are sessile and cordate.
Three-winged-stemmeA Lobelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822.
PI. ascending.
66 L. TRTGONA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 111.) glabrous; leaves
subsessile, cordate, coarsely serrated ; pedicels axillary, bibrac-
teate, longer than the leaves ; stems creeping at the base, erect
parts 3-sided. O- H. Native of the East Indies, delighting
in pasture-ground, appearing in the wet season. L. stipularis,
Roth. Flowers small, blue. Corolla inserted in the mouth of
the calyx. Roth has mistaken the 2 small bracteas on the pedi-
cels to be stipulas.
7V(gwza/-stemmed Lobelia. PI. -j to 1 foot.
67 L. CAMPANULOIDES (Thunb. in Lin. trans. 2. p. 331.) leaves
on short petioles, lanceolate-oblong, toothed ; pedicels elongated ;
stems decumbent. 3l.?H. Native of China and Japan. Ker.
bot. reg. 733. L. erinoides, Thunb. jap. p. 326. L. Japonica,
Dietr. gsertn. 5. p. 552. Stems nearly simple, elongated, fili-
form, glabrous. Leaves almost sessile, glabrous ; obsoletely
serrated. Flowers terminal, on elongated branches, white.
Campanula-like Lobelia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI.
decumbent.
C8 L. PYRAMIDA'LIS (Wall, in asiat. res. 13. p. 379.) smooth;
leaves lanceolate, long-acuminated, serrated : upper ones linear,
attenuated ; racemes panicled, leafy ; calyeine segments linear-
subulate, about equal in length to the corolla ; steins erect,
branched. If. . H. Native of Nipaul, on the mountains at Na-
rainhetty. This is the most common and most ornamental plant
in Nipaul, where it grows both in low and elevated situations.
It is found from the entrance of that country at Bechiaco, up to
the mountains that bound the valley to the north, and where it
grows at an elevation of at least 8000 feet. It is also found in
the hilly country of Silhet. D. Don, in bot. mag. t. 2387. L.
stimulans, Hamilt. mss. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 157.
Plant, variable in height, and is often found altogether of a deep
purple, but chiefly the floral branches and leaves. Stem pyra-
midally branched. Leaves downy beneath. Corollas purplish-
violet. Anthers deep blue, pilose. Lobes of stigma hollow
beneath.
Pyramidal Lobelia. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1822. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
69 L. EXCE'LSA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 114.) leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, acuminated, denticulated, attenuated at both
ends, densely clothe.l with villi, on short petioles ; racemes ter-
minal, erect, villous, leafy, dense-flowered ; calyeine segments
linear, as long as the tube of the corolla. (•)• H. Native of the
Nelligherry mountains, near Coimbetore, where it was collected
by Leschenault, and where it is called by the natives Oumari.
Leaves 10 inches long, and 1 broad. Petioles marked by the de-
current base of the leaf. Flowers large.
Tall Lobelia. PI. 10 to 12 feet.
70 L. ROSEA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 118.) plant covered
with glaucous short dense villi ; stem panicled ; leaves lanceo-
late, ensiforn, acuminated, finely denticulated ; racemes terminal,
with unilateral flowers; calyeine segments equalling the tube of
the corolla. O- F. Native of Nipaul, in the valley of Noakote.
Leaves from 8-12 inches long; floral ones linear-lanceolate,
rounded at the base. Flowers numerous, nodding, downy,
like those of L. pyramidalis, but larger, of a pale rose-
colour. Anthers connected into a long purple incurvated tube,
bearded. Filaments downy. Ovarium bi-trilocular. Stigma
pubescent.
/?ose-coloured-flowered Lobelia. PI. 4 to 6 feet.
71 L. NICOTIAN^FOLIA (Heyne, mss. ex Room, et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 47.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends,
serrated, rather scabrous ; stem erect, angular ; racemes ter-
minal, equal, downy ; flowers very numerous. 1£.?H. Native
of the East Indies, in the vicinity of Bangulore. A stout plant.
Leaves a foot long. Racemes angular, above a foot long. Co-
rollas downy, showy. Calyx and capsules downy, and the an-
thers glabrous.
710
Tobacco-leaved Lobelia. Fl. June, July,
to 3 feet.
§ 3. Species natives of Africa, particularly of the Cape of
Good Hope. Floivers generally violaceous or blue, rarely white
or yellow.
* Stems erect. Leaves entire.
72 L. LINEA'RIS (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 39. fl. cap. 2. p. 35.)
leaves linear, quite entire, glabrous; stems erect, terete, striated,
glabrous ; pedicels solitary, axillary, much shorter than the
leaves. !? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, near Paar-
deberg. Ait. hort. Kew. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 356. Stems many from
the same root, simple. Flowers blue.
Z,iWr-leaved Lobelia. Fl. ? Clt. 1 79 1 . Shrub £ to £ ft.
73 L. SETA'CEA (Thunb. phyt. bl. p. 21. act. gorenk. 1811.
f. 11. fl. cap. 2. p. 34.) leaves filiform, setaceous, glabrous, quite
entire ; pedicels axillary, solitary, length of leaves. % . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers nutant, blue. ?
Stems erect, glabrous.
Setaceous-leaved Lobelia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1816. PI.
i foot.
74 L. SCA'BRA (Thunb. phyt. bl. p. 21. fl. cap. 2. p. 35.) leaves
linear, emarginate, scabrous, quite entire ; stems weak, filiform,
hairy ; pedicels axillary, solitary, flexuous, longer than the
leaves. Tf. . ? G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves
sessile, subsecund. Calyx and corolla hairy.
Scabrous Lobelia. PI. -| foot.
75 L. COMMUTA'TA (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 36.) lower
leaves ovate : superior ones oblong : all sessile, retuse, and
emarginate, with revolute margins, beset with a few hairs on
the nerve and on the edges ; floriferous branches and stems
naked at the apex ; flowers racemose, on short pedicels, reflexed.
V . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. ? Stems ascending,
beset with a few white bristles. Leaves rather distich. Calyx
hispid. Corolla violaceous, with a long white hispid tube. An-
thers bearded by white hairs.
Changed Lobelia. PI. ascending.
76 L. SIMPLEX (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 39. fl. cap. 2. p. 35.)
leaves linear, villous, sessile, quite entire ; stems simple, erect,
smooth ; pedicels solitary, axillary, twice the length of the
leaves. Q. or If.. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Flowers blue. Calycine segments linear-lanceolate, villous.
Capsule turbinate.
•SVm;>fe-stemmed Lobelia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1794. PI.
^ foot.
77 L. PINIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 1318. Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 36.)
shrubby ; leaves linear-lanceolate, erect, crowded, quite entire,
but according to Thunberg they are trigonal ; pedicels terminal,
few. jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the sides of
mountains near Cape Town. Andr. bot. rep. 273. Young
branches downy. Segments of calyx linear. Corolla blue.
Pine-leaved Lobelia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1786. Shrub 1^ ft.
78 L. DEPRE'SSA (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 39. fl. cap. 2. p. 36.)
leaves oblong or lanceolate, obtuse, glabrous, quite entire ; stem
branched, denticulated, varicose ; pedicels length of leaves, soli-
tary, if.. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stems
much depressed. Leaves a little decurrent. Flowers deep
purple, minute.
Depressed Lobelia. PI. prostrate.
79 L. PANICULA'TA (Lin. spec. 1319.) leaves linear, quite en-
tire ; stems leafy at the base, and naked at the apex, branched,
panicled ; panicle dichotomous. I/ . ? G. Native of Ethiopia.
Burm. afr. t. 38. f. 3. Leaves short, sessile. Branches loose,
furnished with 2 small opposite leaves under each fork. Flowers
small, blue.
LOBELIACEjE. VIII. LOBELIA.
Clt. 1822. PI. 2 Panicled Lobelia.
PL | to 1 foot.
* * Stems erect. Leaves serrated or crenated.
80 L. BELLIDIFOLIA (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 40. fl. cap. 2. p. 47.)
leaves ovate, toothed, hairy, or obovate crenated, downy be-
neath ; stems hispid at the base, simple, divided into a panicle
at the top ; lower pedicels the longest. 1£ . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Corollas blue. Leaves of the ramifica-
tions of the panicle subulate, smooth.
Daisy-leaved Lobelia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1790. PI. £ to
i foot.
81 L. RHIZOPHY'TA (Spreng. nov. prov. 1818. ex Rcem. et
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 44.) lower leaves petiolate, obovate, re-
pandly toothed, glabrous, rather fleshy : superior ones lanceo-
late, sessile, rather decurrent . uppermost ones ciliated, quite
entire ; pedicels short, axillary ; capsules cylindrical, glabrous ;
stems radicant at the base, and ascending at the apex, trique-
trous, glabrous. If . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Sims, bot. mag. 2519. Flowers white, marked with blue. It
differs from L. bellidifblia in the smoothness of its parts ; and
from L. cuneiformis, R. Br. in the decumbent radicant stems.
Rooting Lobelia. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1800. PI. ascending.
82 L. TRIQUETRA (Lin. mant. p. 120.) glabrous; leaves lan-
ceolate, pinnatifidly toothed, sessile ; racemes terminal ; branches
and pedicels trigonal. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 48. L. capitaia, Burm. prod. p.
25. Leaves as if they were agglutinated at the base. Racemes
erect, pedunculate. Corollas blue.
Var. /3, combsa ; leaves linear, toothed ; flowers terminal.
If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. L. corymbosa,
Berg. cap. p. 344. Flowers blue.
Var. y, alba ; corymbs leafy ; flowers white. I/ . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope.
Triquetrous-stemmed Lobelia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1774.
PI. 1 foot.
83 L. DECU'MBENS (Sims, bot. mag. t. 2277.) glabrous ; stems
decumbent ; leaves obovate, toothed : superior ones dissimilar ;
pedicels axillary, shorter than the bracteas, which are linear,
quite entire, and decurrent. If. . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. L. bellidifolia, Hortul. Calycine teeth short,
spreading, subulate. Flowers blue, smaller than in L. bicolor,
with a white or yellowish throat.
Decumbent Lobelia. Fl. June. Clt. 1820. PI. dec.
84 L. CINE'REA (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 40. fl. cap. 2. p. 44.)
leaves linear, spiny-toothed, clothed with grey tomentum ;
flowers almost sessile, forming a terminal raceme. T£ . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope, in Roggeweld. Root fusiform,
simple. Stems many from the same root, terete, smooth.
Leaves sessile, acute, with thickened margins ; lower ones gla-
brous. Calyx tomentose. Corollas white.
Grey Lobelia. PI. \ foot.
85 L. TOMENTOSA (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 394.) tomentose ; leaves
linear, toothed ; peduncles terminal, very, long, 1-2-flowered.
1£ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stems numerous,
ascending, simple, having the leaves imbricated at the base.
Leaves like those of Coronopis, having 4-6 obtuse teeth on each
side, with revolute edges, clothed with hairy tomentum ; pedun-
cles clothed with adpressed hairs, bearing 2 small opposite
leaves in the middle, or towards the base, and above these 2
opposite setaceous ones. Corolla blue or violaceous, half an
inch long. Anthers beset with white hairs at the apex.
Tomentose Lobelia. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1821. PI. as-
cending.
86 L. SECU'NDA XLin. fil. suppl. p. 395- Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p.
45.) glabrous; lower leaves oblong, toothed : superior ones lan-
ceolate, entire ; peduncles racemose, secund. TJ. . G. Native
LOBELIACEjE. VIII. LOBELIA.
711
of the Cape of Good Hope, in sandy inundated places. The
plant can hardly be said to be truly glabrous. There are flori-
ferous branches in the axils of nearly all the leaves, and the
flowers are all drooping to one side. Stems numerous, filiform,
striated and downy, simple. Lower leaves obovate, obsoletely
denticulated, obtuse. Pedicels solitary, 1 -flowered, shorter than
the leaves. Corollas white, and are as well as the calyx downy
outside.
Secund-fiowered Lobelia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1790. PI.
| foot.
87 L. PA'TULA (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 40. fl. cap. 2. p. 41.) leaves
ovate, sinuately toothed, villous ; stems diffuse, spreading, fili-
form ; pedicels solitary, axillary, capillary, downy, longer than
the leaves, if. , G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves
petiolate; superior ones lanceolate. In Lin. fil. suppl. p. 395.
the plant is said to be glabrous.
Spreading Lobelia. PI. 1 foot.
88 L. FE'RVENS (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 46.) leaves sessile,
ovate-oblong : upper ones lanceolate : all serrated, glabrous ;
pedicels 1 -flowered, much shorter than the leaves in the superior
axils. If.. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stems
erectish, branched a little, glabrous. Flowers blue.
Fervent Lobelia. PI. •£ foot.
89 L. BipiDA (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 40. fl. cap. 2. p. 46.) leaves
obovate, toothed, glabrous ; stems filiform, downy, bifid or
twice bifid at the apex ; flowers terminal, solitary. "If. . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on Mount Dockland. Stems
erect, simple. Radical leaves subpetiolate, obovate, denticu-
lated, hardly downy, a line long, but only a solitary cauline one
on each stem, or 2 small alternate ones. Flowers blue. Brae-
teas lanceolate in the forks of the stem.
Z?z/?of-stemmed Lobelia. PI. 1 to 3 inches.
90 L. DE'BILIS (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 395. Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p.
45.) leaves lanceolate, serrated, glabrous; pedicels lateral, longer
than the leaves ; stems much branched from the base ; calycine
segments linear-subulate, a little shorter than the corolla. O-
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very like L, depressa.
Upper leaves nearly linear. Corollas blue, villous outside.
Weak Lobelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774. PI. £ foot.
91 L. MINU'TA (Lin. mant. p. 292.) leaves radical, ovate, ob-
tuse, hardly crenated ; scapes or pedicels capillary, 1 -flowered,
2 inches long ; corolla funnel-shaped. If. . H. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope, in fissures of rocks on Mount Taffel-
berg. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2590. Root throwing out off-sets.
Flowers pale blue. Habit of Montia fontana or Bellium mi-
nulum.
Minute Lobelia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1772. PI. 1 inch.
92 L. MINIMA (Sims, bot. mag. 2077.) stems prostrate; leaves
ovate, crenated, petiolate, glabrous; pedicels long, axillary, 1-
flowered, furnished with 2-3 linear hairy bracteas below the
middle. If, . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
white inside, and red outside, with a yellow throat.
Least Lobelia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1800. PI. 1 to 2
inches.
93 L. PUSI'LLA ; leaves roundish, lobed : lobes obtuse ;
pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered. If.. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Flowers white. L. minuta, Thunb. prod. 1 . p.
40. fl. cap. 2. p. 43.
Small Lobelia. PI. 1 inch.
* * * Stems prostrate. Leaves cut or toothed.
94 L. ERINUS (Lin. spec. 1321. Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 39.)
leaves toothed ; lower ones obovate, petiolate : superior ones
almost sessile, narrow-lanceolate ; peduncles 1 -flowered, longer
than the bracteas ; stems spreading. If, . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Curt. bot. mag. 901. Rapuntium erlnum,
Mill, dict.no. 8. — Herm. lugdb. 110. t. 110. Stems branched
at bottom. Leaves glabrous. Pedicels axillary, solitary, naked,
much longer than the leaves. Flowers slender, blue, with a
white or yellowish throat. Fruit 3-celled. According to Thun-
berg there is a variety of this, having numerous radical stems,
which are as well as the leaves villous.
Erinus Lobelia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1752. PI. £ foot.
95 L. ALSINOIDES (Lam. diet. 3. p. 586. no. 29.) plant creep-
ing, glabrous ; stems branched ; leaves roundish-oval, toothed ;
peduncles long, 1 -flowered, axillary, much longer than the
leaves. I/. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stem
erect at the top, but radicant at the base. Radical leaves like
those of Sibtborpia ; the rest ovate, toothed, and subpetiolate.
Chick-need- like Lobelia. PI. -j to ^ foot.
96 L. MUSCOIDES (Cham, in Linnaea. 7. p. 215.) herb small,
slender, trailing, quite glabrous ; stems filiform, rooting at the
nodi ; leaves roundish, deeply 5-7-cleft, truncate or cuneated at
the base : segments elliptic, acute, mucronulate ; pedicels axil-
lary, bracteate, erect, much longer than the leaves ; ovarium
obconical. If.. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Herb
tufted, pale green. Corollas purple.
Moss-like Lobelia. PI. tufted.
97 L. MUNDTIA'NA (Cham, in Linnaea. 7. p. 215.) plant trail-
ing ; stems filiform, angular ; leaves sessile, decurrent, lanceo-
late and elliptic, acute at both ends, with a few acute serratures ;
flowers axillary, solitary, on short pedicels ; calycine segments
lanceolate, acute, erect, more than one-half shorter than the
tube of the corolla ; anthers all bearded, If . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope, at Gamka, where it was collected by
M. Mundt. Ovarium, calyxes, pedicels, stems, and outside of
corolla beset with long spreading white hairs.
Mundt's Lobelia. PI. trailing.
98 L. CAMPANULA' TA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 588. no. 30.) plant
small; leaves linear-lanceolate, toothed ; pedicels very long, 1-
flowered ; calyx hairy, a little reflexed. Q. H. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Stem simple, slender, leafy, glabrous.
Leaves glabrous, sessile, hardly an inch long. Pedicels filiform,
2^ inches long, pilose at the apex, solitary in the axils of the
superior leaves. Flowers erect, campanulate, blue. Limb
spreading, hardly divided, rather irregular. Calycine segments
narrow.
£e//-flowered Lobelia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. PI. -1 to
\ foot.
99 L. BRE'YNII (Lam. d"ict. 3. p. 588.) leaves sessile, lanceo-
late, toothed, minute, usually unilateral ; flowers almost sessile ;
the pedicels are short and alternate; stems procumbent. If..
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Breyn. cent. p. 175.
t. 89. Stems long, filiform. Flowers blue. Bracteas much
shorter than the flowers.
Breynius's Lobelia. PI. procumbent.
100 L. cHAMjEPiTYS (Lam. diet. 3. p. 590.) leaves linear,
channelled, numerous, bidentate at the apex, clothed with hairy
tomentum ; pedicels very long, naked, axillary and terminal,
furnished with narrow acute scales ; stem shrubby. fj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. L. scabra, Spreng. neu.
entd. ex syst. Habit of Lavdndula, with the leaves of Ajuja
chamcepitys. Stems leafy, slender. Pedicels longer than the
stem, 6 inches long. Corollas of a pale violaceous colour, 6
lines long, inflated at the base.
Ground-pine-like Lobelia. PI. ^ to -| foot.
101 L. ERINOIDES (Lin. mant. p. 291. Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p.
39.) leaves petiolate, oblong, toothed, bluntish, glabrous ; pedi-
cels axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves ; corolla funnel-
shaped ; stems prostrate or erectish. I/ . or <J . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Rapuntium erinoides, Mill. diet, no
9. — Herm. lugdb. p. 108. t. 109. Corollas funnel-shaped, an-
712
LOBELIACE^E. VIII. LOBELIA.
gular, equal, blue, with spreading segments. Filaments com-
bined into a 5-striped, club-shaped tube. Stigma hairy.
Ermus-like Lobelia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. pros-
trate, or |- foot.
102 L. BICOLOR (Curt. bot. mag. t. 514.) leaves downy, ser-
rated : lower ones oblong, nearly sessile: superior ones lanceolate ;
pedicels solitary, axillary, longer than the leaves. % • G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Willd. enum. 1. p. 218. Co-
rollas blue, with a sulphur-coloured throat. Curtis says the
leaves are downy and nearly sessile, while Willdenow says they
are glabrous and petiolate.
Two-coloured-Rowered Lobelia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1795.
PL £ foot.
103 L. ILLICIFOIJA (Ker. in bot. mag. t. 1896.) leaves ovate-
lanceolate, deeply and remotely toothed : teeth acute ; pedicels
axillary, solitary, much longer than the leaves. !(.. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Lower leaves ovate-spatulate :
superior ones lanceolate : all glabrous. Calyx with subulate
toothed segments. Corollas resupinate, twice the length of the
calyx, pink or flesh-coloured. Anthers almost naked. Barren
stems prostrate ; floriferous stems erect. Perhaps a species of
Parastr&ntlius.
Holly-leaved Lobelia. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1815. PI. \ to | ft.
104 L. A'NCEPS (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 395. Thumb, fl. cap. 2. p.
41.) radical leaves obovate, crenated, glabrous above, and downy
beneath, petiolate : cauline leaves lanceolate, decurrent ; pedi-
cels solitary, from the axils of the upper leaves ; stems 2-
edged, winged. O- H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Stems simple, smooth. Flowers blue.
Tno-edged-stemmed Lobelia. Fl.Ju.July. Clt. 1818. PI. | ft.
105 L. PUBE'SCENS (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 498.) lower leaves
ovate : upper ones lanceolate, toothed, hairy ; pedicels axillary,
solitary ; stems angular, decumbent, villous. I/ . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. hort. schoenb. 2. t. 178. L.
repens, Thunb. prod. 1. p. 40. fl. cap. 2. p. 41. L. alyssifblia,
Salisb. stirp. rar. 19. t. 10. Flowers blue or white, with a red-
dish tube.
Donny Lobelia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1780. PI. ± to | ft.
106 L. THERMA'LIS (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 40. fl. cap. 2. p. 42.)
leaves ovate, serrated, attenuated at both ends, acute, glabrous
above, and pilose beneath ; pedicels solitary, axillary, shorter
than the leaves, and are as well as the calyxes clothed with stri-
gose white hairs ; stems decumbent, hairy. 1£. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope, in the region of the hot springs near
Elephants' river. Corolla yellow.
Hot-spring Lobelia. PL decumbent.
107 L. LEPTOCA'RPA (Griess. in Linnaea. 5. p. 419.) stem
herbaceous, decumbent, branched ; branches flaccid ; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, sharply serrated, quite glabrous, with carti-
laginous edges ; pedicels axillary, solitary ; capsule elongated,
clavate, hispid from bristles, i; . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Branches beset with white hairs. Leaves sessile.
Calyx bristly. Corolla downy, white, having the segments
bearded at their tips, and ciliated on the margins. Filaments
ami style glabrous.
Slender -fruited Lobelia. PL decumbent.
108 L. HIRSU'TA (Lin. spec. 1322.) leaves ovate, toothed, or
crenated, hairy or woolly ; peduncles lateral, solitary, very long,
2-3-flowered ; stem shrubby, hairy, prostrate, or erect. If. . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 37,
Rapuntium hirsutum, Mill. diet. no. 9.? — Burm. afr. 105. t.
40. f. 2. Flowers blue, drooping, small.
Hairy Lobelia. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1759. PL £ foot.
109 L. SE'RPENS (Lam. diet. 3. p. 588.) leaves ovate, cre-
nated, glabrous; pedicels axillary, solitary, shorter than the
leaves ; stems prostrate, a little branched. Tl.,1 Q.? G. Na-
Pl. | foot.
FIG. 121.
live of the Cape of Good Hope. Stems slender, flexuous.
Leaves thin, hardly an inch long. Flowers small, blue.
Creeping Lobelia. PL prostrate.
110 L. PVGMKA (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 40. fl. cap. 2. p. 43.)
leaves roundish, serrated, hairy ; stems decumbent, hairy,
branched; pedicels axillary, solitary, longer than the leaves,
hairy. ty . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on Mount
Ribeck-Castel. Stems very slender. Petioles capillary, hairy.
Corollas white.
Pygmy Lobelia. PL decumbent.
111 L. CORONOPIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 1322.) leaves lanceolate,
toothed ; peduncles long, few-flowered. I/ . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Curt. bot. mag. 644.— Breyn. cent. t. 88.
Stems and petioles hairy. The 3 segments of the lower lip of
the corolla obovate, emargtnate. Leaves with 3 or more teeth
on each side. Flowers beautiful blue. Stems procumbent.
Buckhorn-lemed Lobelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1752. PL
procumbent.
112 L. THUNBE'RGII (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 247.) leaves ob-
long, dentately pinnatifid, hairy; stem erect, hairy. Tj.. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers beautiful blue.
L. coronopifolia, Thunb. prod. 1. p. 40. fl. cap. 2. p. 48.
Thunberg's Lobelia. FL July, Sept. Clt. 1812. '
113 L. CCERU'LEA (Hook. bot.
mag. 3701.) stem short, decum-
bent at the base, densely leafy ;
leaves lanceolate, dentately pin-
natifid, downy, attenuated at the
base ; peduncles terminal, very
long, bearing a few-flowered se-
cund racemes at the apex ; seg-
ments of the corolla longer than
the tube. T£ . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Pedicels
bracteated. Corollas drooping,
large, purplish blue ; lower lip
of 3 obovate emargined mucro-
nate segments, having 3 small
yellow raised marks at the base,
the upper lip of 2 small bent
back segments. Anthers purple,
fringed at the top. Like L. coronopifolia. (f. 121.).
JS/we-flowered Lobelia. PL 1 foot.
114 L. SI'MSII (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 247.) leaves petiolate.
recurved, pinnatifid, with bifurcate lobes ; peduncles elongated,
lateral, 2-3-flovvered; stem shrubby. Tj. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. L. pedunculata, Sims, bot. mag. t. 2251.
Flowers blue, having the tube purple outside. Calycine seg-
ments short. Lower lip furnished with 2 yellow marks at the
base.
Sims' Lobelia. Shrub 1 foot.
115 L. CRENAVTA (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 39. fl. cap. 2. p. 40.)
leaves lanceolate, crenated, glabrous ; stems herbaceous, fili-
form, decumbent ; pedicels capillary, axillary, hardly the length
of the leaves, y. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Stems branched a little. Leaves about an inch long : lower ones
acute : superior ones smaller and obtuse. Flowers blue ?
Crenated-leaved Lobelia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1794. PL
decumbent.
§ 4. Species natives of the Isle of France, the Society
Islands, and New Zealand.
116 L. ARBOREA (Forst. prod. no. 308.) stem arboreous;
leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, serrately toothed ; peduncles
axillary, solitary, 1-flowered. fj . G. Native of the Society
Islands.
LOBELIACEjE. VIII. LOBELIA.
713
Tree Lobelia. Tree.
117 L. SUPE'RBA (Cham, in Linnaea. 7. p. 223.) arboreous,
palm-formed ; stem quite simple, straight, with a tuft of leaves
at top ; leaves glabrous, oblong-obovate, acuminated, narrowed
into the petioles, undulated, denticulated, with reflexed edges,
almost quite entire towards the base, and revolute; inflorescence
and corollas tomentose. f? . S. Native of the Island of Owahu,
in woods. Ribs of leaves thick, and prominent beneath ; veins
feathered and prominent. Peduncles longer than the leaves,
declinate, nutant, furnished with many oblong-elliptic sessile
densely imbricated bracteas, bearing a globose head of flowers
each. Corolla curved, cleft on the back, 2-J inches long. Column
of stamens glabrous, exceeding the corolla. Two lower anthers
bearded. Leaves 2-| feet long and 1 foot broad. This is a
most superb species.
Superb Lobelia. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
1 18 L. MACRO'STACHYS (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. hot.
p. 88.) glabrous ; stem tall, straight ; leaves linear-lanceolate,
attenuated at both ends, subcrenated ; racemes simple, terminal,
very long ; pedicels secund, horizontal ; bracteas linear, shorter
than the pedicels ; tube of calyx hemispherical, with the seg-
ments obtuse ; corollas twice the length of the pedicels. fj . S.
Native of the Sandwich Islands. Calyx closely adhering to the
ovarium ; with a free 5-parted limb, which is about equal in
length to the tube. Corolla tubular, 3 inches long ; tube cylin-
drical, 5-cleft, split on the back. Stamens with a free tube, and
cohering anthers ; the two lower ones bearded. Stigma 2-lobed ;
lobes flat, thick, cartilaginous, rounded, divaricate, beardless.
Fruit unknown.
Long-spiked Lobelia. Shrub tall.
119 L. FILIFORMIS (Lam. diet. 3. p. 588.) leaves linear, nar-
row, toothed ; pedicels 1 -flowered, axillary, length of leaves ;
stem filiform, quite simple. Q. H. Native of the Isle of France.
Leaves sessile, glabrous. Flowers minute, ringent, violaceous.
Calycine teeth subulate. Said to be nearly allied to L. Lau-
rentia.
Var. /3, Luzoniensis (Roam, et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 61.)
lower leaves ovate, very minute. — Native of the island of Luzon,
near the town of Santa Cruz de la Laguna. L. filiformis, Cav.
icon. 6. p. 7. t. 511. f. 2. Flowers pale blue.
Filiform Lobelia. PL ^ to 1 foot.
120 L. ANGULA'TA (Forst. prod. no. 309.) stem prostrate,
quite simple ; leaves roundish, repandly toothed ; peduncles
axillary, solitary, 1-flowered. I/ . G. Native of New Zealand.
L. repanda, Mart. Mill. no. 33. Perhaps a species of Pratia.
Angular-leaved Lobelia. PL prostrate.
§ 5. Species natives of New Holland.
* Herbaceous plants, with axillary 1 -flowered peduncles.
121 L. ALA'TA (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 51. t. 72.) plant gla-
brous, erect ; stem trigonal : angles a little winged ; leaves
linear or cuneated, decurrent, toothed : teeth divaricate or re-
flexed ; pedicels shorter than the leaves ; ovarium glabrous ;
capsules cylindrical. 1£. G. Native of New Holland. Flowers
blue ?
Var. a. angustifolia (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 68.) su-
perior leaves linear ; angles of stem marginated ; radical leaves
ovate-lanceolate. 7£. G. Native of the south coast of New
Holland, and about Port Jackson ; arid of Van Diemen's Land.
Var. ft, cimeiformis (Roem. et Schultes, 1. c.) leaves cunei-
form, toothed at top, decurrent ; flowers axillary. % . G. Native
of the south coast of New Holland. L. cuneiformis, Labill. nov.
holl. 1. p. 51. t. 73.
Winged-stemmed Lobelia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1804. PL
l.| foot.
VOL. III.
122 L. QUADRANGULA'RIS (R. Br. prod. p. 562.) glabrous;
stem tetragonal, ascending ; leaves ovate, toothed, almost sessile,
3 or 4 times shorter than the peduncles ; segments of the su-
perior lip of the corolla narrow, linear. If.. G. Native of New
Holland, on the shore, within the tropic.
Quadrangular-stemmed Lobelia. PL ascending.
123 L. RUGULOSA (Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. Dec. 1829.)
leaves roundish, repand, wrinkled with the nerves, glabrous ;
pedicels much longer than the leaves ; calycine segments entire,
glandular at the base ; stem spotted, prostrate, rooting. If. . G.
Native of New Zealand. L. maculata, Penny. Plant glabrous.
Corolla white, split on the upper side. Segments of corolla rather
unequal, arranged like the radii of a semi-circle. Anthers lead-
coloured, with 2 short awns projecting downwards from their
apex. Nearly allied to L. membranacea, R. Br. prod. Per-
haps a species of Pratia.
Wrinkled-leaved Lobelia. PL creeping.
124 L. MEMBRANA'CEA (R. Br. 1. c.) glabrous, procumbent;
leaves roundish, repandly toothed, membranous, somewhat 3-
nerved, shorter than the peduncles ; segments of the calyx
toothed a little. If. . G. Native of New Holland, within the
tropic, on the shore. Flowers beautiful, purple.
Membranous-leaved Lobelia. PL procumbent.
125 L. PURPURA'SCENS (R. Br. L c.) glabrous; stem ascend-
ing, tetragonal ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, deeply serrated, one-
half shorter than the peduncles; segments of the upper lip of
corolla narrower, linear. If. . G. Native of New South Wales,
about Port Jackson. Flowers purplish or blue.
Purplish-fiov/ered Lobelia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1809. PL
ascending.
126 L. FLUVIA'TILIS (R. Br. L c.) plant creeping, smoothish ;
branches ascending ; leaves ovate, serrated on the outside, rather
ciliated ; peduncles bractless, downy, as well as the calyxes and
ovaria; stamens epipetalous. !(.. G. Native of New South
Wales, at Port Jackson.
River Lobelia. PL ascending.
127 L. INUNDA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) plant creeping, glabrous,
tufted ; leaves roundish, repandly toothed, longer than the pe-
duncles, which are bractless and glabrous ; segments of the calyx
a little shorter than the tube of the corolla ; stamens epipeta-
lous. i; . G. Native of New South Wales, at Port Jackson.
Flowers blue.
Inundated Lobelia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. PL creep-
ing.
128 L. PEDUNCULA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) plant creeping, rather
downy ; branches ascending, filiform ; leaves remote, ovate, an-
gularly toothed, acute, a little ciliated ; peduncles very long,
furnished with 2 minute bracteas; stamens epigynous. %. G.
Native of New South Wales, at Port Jackson. Flowers blue.
Pedunculate Lobelia. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1819. PL ascending.
129 L. IRRI'GUA (R. Br. L c ) plant creeping, moss-like, gla-
brous ; leaves roundish, thickish, dentately crenated, petiolate,
longer than the peduncles, which are bractless ; tube of corolla
cleft longitudinally, with the segments of the limb nearly equal ;
stamens epigynous. 1(. G. Native of Van Diemen's Land, and
on the south coast of New Holland. Flowers purplish ?
Irrigated Lobelia. PL creeping.
* * Racemes or peduncles few-flowered, terminal. Tube of co-
rolla cleft longitudinally, nith the lips of the limb very unequal.
130 L. GRA'CILIS (Andr. bot. rep. t. 340.) plant glabrous,
erect, branched a little ; racemes rather secund ; calyx length of
filaments ; superior lip of the corolla densely bearded : middle
segment of the lower lip almost square, broader than long ;
lower leaves nearly ovate, deeply pinnatifid : superior ones
4 Y
714
LOBELIACEjE. VIII. LOBELIA.
linear-lanceolate, nearly entire. ©. H. Native of New South
Wales. Curt. hot. mag. t. 741. Flowers deep blue.
Slender Lobelia. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1801. PI. 2 feet.
131 L. DENTA TA (Cav. icon. 6. p. 14. t. 522.) plant erect, gla-
brous, a little branched ; racemes few-flowered, secund ; calyx
one -half shorter than the filaments ; superior lip of corolla a little
bearded : middle segment of the lower lip oblong ; lower leaves
ovate-lanceolate, deeply toothed on the outer side : superior
ones lanceolate, toothed. % . G. Native of New South Wales,
about Port Jackson. Root fusiform, fibrous. Segments of the
calyx subulate. Corolla blue, with a white throat. Two upper
segments of the corolla very short.
Toothed-leaved Lobelia. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 foot.
132 L. GIBBOSA (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 50. t. 71.) glabrous ;
stem terete, simple ; racemes secund, many-flowered ; leaves
linear, quite entire, rather fleshy; superior lip of corolla beard-
less : and with the segments of both lips lanceolate ; capsule
gibbous on one side. If. G. Native of New South Wales,
about Port Jackson ; and of Van Diemen's Land. Root per-
pendicular, almost simple. Racemes very long. Bracteas su-
bulate, hardly the length of the pedicels. Corollas blue. An-
thers hispid at the apex.
Gibbous-frwted Lobelia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1824. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
133 L. SIMPLICICAU'LIS (R. Br. prod. p. 564.) glabrous; stem
quite simple, terete ; raceme secund, few-flowered ; leaves
linear, toothed, remote : lower ones lanceolate ; upper lip of
corolla bearded, the segments of botli lips acute ; capsules erect,
rather gibbous on one side. T£.?G. Native of Van Diemen's
Land. Flowers blue ?
Simple-stemmed Lobelia. PI. 1 foot.
134 L. BROWNIA'NA (Roam, et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 71.) stem
terete, a little branched ; raceme secund ; leaves linear, lower
ones toothed ; superior lip of corolla ciliated : the segments of
both lips acute ; capsules gibbous on one side. I/ . ? G. Na-
tive of New Holland, within the tropic, on the shore. L. stricta,
R. Br. 1. c. Flowers blue.
Browns Lobelia. PI. 1 foot.
135 L. HETEROPHY'LLA (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 52. t. 74.)
plant smoothish ; stem angular, simple ; raceme secund ; leaves
thickish : lower ones dentately pinnatifid : superior ones linear,
quite entire ; middle segment of the lower lip of the corolla
obcordate, and the lateral ones dimidiate. If.. G. Native of
New Holland, in Van Lewin's Land. Root simple, perpen-
dicular. Bracteas lanceolate, solitary or twin, shorter than the
pedicels. Calyx inflated, with very acute segments.
Variable-leaved Lobelia. PI. 1 foot.
136 L. TENU>IOR(R. Br. in prod. p. 564.) plant rather pilose;
stem filiform, divided; branches peduncle-formed, 1 -flowered;
lower leaves pinnatifid, of an ovate outline : superior leaves
linear, trifid or quite entire ; middle segment of the lower lip
of the corolla obcordate : lateral ones dimidiate ; capsule sub-
cylindrical. T;.? G. Native of New Holland, on the south
coast, within the tropic. Flowers blue ?
Slender Lobelia. PI. 1 foot.
137 L. PARVIFOLIA (R. Br. 1. c.) glabrous ; stern subpanicled,
terete; branches usually 1 -flowered, peduncle-formed; su-
perior lip of corolla beardless : segments of the lower lip ob-
long, acutish. i;. ? G. Native of New Holland, on the south
coast.
Small-leaved Lobelia. PI. 1 foot. ?
§6. Species natives of Europe.
138 L. U'RENS (Lin. spec. 1321.) leaves glabrous: lower ones
obovate, denticulated : upper ones sessile, lanceolate, serrated :
racemes terminal, secund ; stem erect. (•)• H. Native of
Spain, France, &c. In Britain, on bushy heaths in Devonshire ;
on the slope of Kilmington Hill, 2 miles from Axminster, and
between Axminster and Honiton. Curt. fl. lond. 6. t. 63. Bull,
herb. t. 9. Smith, engl. hot. t. 953. Rapuntium urens, Mill. diet.
no. 4. — Moris, hist. 2. p. 467. sect. 5. t. 5. f. 56. — Bocc. sic. 20.
t. 11. Angles of stem scabrous. Calyx scabrous. Bracteas
setaceous, at the base of the pedicels. Corolla purplish-blue,
marked with 2 pale spots on the palate ; lower lip dependent :
upper lip of 2 narrow segments. The whole plant is milky, like
the rest of the species, and if chewed, especially the root, excites
a pungent sense of burning on the tongue.
Stinging Lobelia. Fl. Ju. July. England. PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
139 L. SERRULA'TA (Brot. fl. lus. p. 304.) glabrous ; leaves
linear-lanceolate, sharply serrated ; racemes long ; stem erect.
Q. H. Native of Gibraltar, in sandy humid places. Bracteas
a little longer than the pedicels. Corolla rather roughish.
Middle segment of the lower lip narrower than the lateral ones ;
segments of the upper lip linear. Flowers blue. Perhaps not
distinct from L. urens.
Serrulated-leaved Lobelia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI.
1 foot.
140 L. LAURE'NTIA (Lin. spec. Gouan. monsp. 466. Schreb. in
nov. act. a. n. c. p. 480.) leaves oval-lanceolate, crenated ; pedun-
cles solitary, 1-flowered, very long; stem branched, prostrate.
O-H. Native of Italy, Corsica, and Morocco. Brot. fl. lus. 1. p.
304. Michel, gen. 18. t. 14. Bocc. nms. p. 35. t. 27. Brac-
teas setaceous, in the middle of the pedicels. Flowers blue.
Var. /3 ; leaves somewhat spatulate. Gouan. 1. c.
Laurentian Lobelia. Fl. July. Clt. 1778. PI. prostrate.
141 L. SALZMANNIA'NA (Presl. symb. bot. p. 31. t. 20.) plant
quite glabrous ; stem quite simple, erect, leafy ; leaves lanceo-
late, obtuse, crenated, tapering into the petioles : uppermost ones
disposed in aggregate whorles ; pedicels axillary, filiform, bi-
bracteate in the middle. 0. H. Native of Corsica, at Ajac-
cio by the sea side. L. Laurentia, Salzm. pi. cors. exsic.
Flowers blue ?
Salzmann's Lobelia. PI. |- foot.
142 L. TENE'LLA (Biv. pi. sic. cent. 1. p. 53.) radical leaves
spatulate, repand, glabrous ; cauline leaves setaceous ; stems
very simple, 1-flowered, erectish. (•)• H. Native of Portugal,
Candia, Sicily, &c. ; on the edges of rivers and rivulets. L.
setacea, Smith, fl. graec. t. 221. L. Laurentia, Brot. fl. lus. 1.
p. 304. L. minuta, D. C. fl. fr. no. 2871. Lower leaves dis-
posed in a rosulate manner. Peduncles radical, furnished with
linear bracteas in the middle. Corolla bilabiate, with a white
tube, a pale blue limb, and a yellow throat. Lower lip with a
white centre ; throat bearded. Anthers red.
Delicate Lobelia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1821. PI. \ foot.
143 L. FARSE^TIA (Vand. in Rcem. script, pi. hisp. p. 66.
Vittm. suppl. 1. p. 261.) lower leaves ovate-lanceolate, obso-
letely toothed ; floral leaves linear. If . H. Native of Portu-
gal, in humid places. Stem 2 hands high, many-angled,
branched at the base. Leaves glabrous. Calyx gibbous, with
linear spreading segments. Corolla pentagonal, blue, the seg-
ments oif the lower lip the largest. In the base of the inner part
of the limb there are two oblong parallel callosities, as in the
genus Dolichos. Style longer than the stamens. Capsule ven-
tricose.
Var. a ; leaves oval-oblong, acuminated, denticulated ; stem
leafy, somewhat spicate ; anthers hairy, joined at the apex.
Var. ft ; stem suffruticose ; leaves cordate, acute, serrated ;
flowers axillary, pedunculate.
Farseti's Lobelia. PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
t Species not sufficiently known.
144 L. CORNU'TA (Lin. spec. p. 1319.) leaves ovate, petiolate ;
LOBELIACE^E. VIII. LOBELIA. IX. DORTMANNA.
715
stamens very long. 1? . ? S. Native of Cayenne. Leaves said
to be quite entire.
Horned Lobelia. PI. ?
145 L. BRYOIDES (Willd. herb, ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 41.) stems tufted; leaves sessile, lanceolate, quite entire,
acute ; flowers sessile, terminal. I/ . S. Native of South
America, on Mount Antisana. Humb. et Bonpl. Habit of a
moss or Aretia. Leaves imbricated, shining, coriaceous, denti-
culated. Flowers among the terminal connivent leaves. Per-
haps a species of Li/sipomia.
Bryum-like Lobelia. PI. i foot.
146 L. VERONJC^FOLIA (Willd. herb, ex Rcem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 57.) stem erect ; leaves downy : radical ones obtuse,
obovate ; caul ine leaves lanceolate, dentate, acute; flowers ter-
minal, racemose. I/ . S. Native of South America. Humb.
et Bonpl.
Speedwell-leaved Lobelia. PI.?
147 L. AMYGDALINA (Willd. 1. c. p. 57.) stem erect ; leaves
ovate, acuminated, serrated ; pedicels axillary ; corolla cleft. —
Native of South America. Humb. et Bonpl.
Almond-like Lobelia. PI. ?
148 L. RETRORSA (Willd. 1. c.) stem arboreous; branches
scabrous ; leaves petiolate, elliptic, mucronate, with retrograde
serratures, wrinkled, veiny ; flowers terminal, racemose. J? . S.
Native of South America. Humb. et Bonpl.
.Reirograrfe-serrated-leaved Lobelia. Shrub.
149 L. BONPLANDIA'NA (Willd. 1. c.) stem arboreous; leaves
lanceolate, sharply serrated, flat, downy, on short petioles ; pe-
dicels axillary, shorter than the leaves. fy . S. Native of
South America. Humb. et Bonpl. L. dentata, Willd. herb.
Bonpland's Lobelia. Shrub.
150 L. ELLI'PTICA (Willd. 1. c.) stem arboreous ; leaves ellip-
tic, obtuse, rugged, veiny, denticulated ; branches, petioles, and
peduncles clothed with hairy tomentum, as well as the leaves ;
calyxes reflexed ; corollas downy. 1? . S. Native of South
America. Humb. et Bonpl.
Elliptic-lew e& Lobelia. Shrub.
151 L. N!VEA (Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
58.) stem arboreous ; leaves elliptic, with revolute edges, tooth-
ed, shining and wrinkled above, but clothed with white tomen-
tum beneath, as well as on the pedicels and corollas ; flowers
axillary, Jj . S. Native of South America. Humb. et Bonpl.
Snowy Lobelia. Shrub.
152 L. RETICULA'TA (Willd. 1. c.) stem arboreous ; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, crenated, wrinkled from veins,
downy beneath ; corymbs terminal, racemose. Fj . S. Native
of South America. Humb. et Bonpl.
Reticulated-\ea.\e& Lobelia. Shrub.
153 L. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
67.) lower leaves ovate : superior ones lanceolate, denticulated,
decurrent ; flowers axillary, length of leaves ; stem prostrate.
Q. H. Native of Madagascar. L. decurrens, Willd. herb.
Madagascar Lobelia. PI. prostrate.
154 L. PHYTEUMOIDES (Willd. herb, ex Rcem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 68.) leaves lanceolate, toothed, sessile, glabrous ;
racemes terminal ; stem ascending, a little branched. I/ . ? S.
Native of South America. Humb. et Bonpl.
Phyteuma-like Lobelia. PI. ascending.
155 L. HUMBOLDTIA'NA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 68.)
leaves roundish, acute, sessile, with cartilaginously serrated
edges ; flowers sessile, axillary ; stem weak. fj . ? S. Native
of South America. Humb. et Bonpl. L. sessilifolia, Willd.
herb.
Humboldt's Lobelia. PI. ?
156 L. POLYMO'RPHA (Willd. herb, ex Rcem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 68.) stems prostrate ; lower leaves serrated, oblong;
superior ones quite entire, lanceolate; pedicels axillary, elon-
gated. 14.. S. Native of the island of Bourbon, Bory de St.
Vincent.
Polymorphous Lobelia. PI. prostrate.
157 L. LOXE'NSIS (Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst.
5. p. 72.) plant clothed with scabrous tomentum; leaves oblong,
petiolate, wrinkled, and shining above ; flowers terminal, pani-
cled. t? . S. Native of South America, about Loxa. Humb.
et Bonpl.
Loxa Lobelia. Shrub.
158 L. MEGAPOTA'MICA (Spreng. syst. add. p. 75.) stem
erect, branched, glabrous ; leaves linear, very narrow, erectly
spreading, glabrous ; flowers terminal, corymbose, Fj . ? S.
Native of Brazil, at the banks of the Rio Grande, where it was
collected by Sello.
Rio Grande Lobelia. Shrub.
Cult. All the species of this genus are truly ornamental
when in blossom. The hardy herbaceous kinds thrive and
flower best in light rich earth or peat soil ; but in winter most of
the kinds require to be protected by planting them in pots and
placing them in a frame or green-house. They increase freely
by the suckers from the roots or by seed. The green-house
and stove perennial herbaceous kinds grow well in a mixture of
peat and sand, and are easily increased by dividing, and by seeds.
The shrubby, stove, and greenhouse kinds grow well in the
same kind of soil recommended for the perennial herbaceous
species, and are easily increased by cuttings in the same kind
of soil. The seeds of annual species require only to be sown
where they are intended to remain.
IX. DORTMA'NNA (named after— Dortmann, a Dutch
apothecary, according to Clusius). Rudb. act. ups. ann. 1720.
97. t. 2. Neck. elem. Lobelia species, Lin. and Nutt.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 deep seg-
ments. Corolla bilabiate, with a bearded mouth, cleft on the
back ; lower lip trifid ; upper lip of 2 smaller segments. Sta-
mens with free filaments, and cohering bearded anthers. Stigma
capitate, hairy. Capsule half superior, 3-valved, 3-celled, 5-
angled, surrounded by the segments of the calyx below the summit,
many-seeded. — Aquatic, smooth, fleshy plants. Leaves nume-
rous, mostly radical, recurved. Scapes hollow, with a few leaves
at the base, bearing a lax raceme of flowers at the top. Brae-
teas solitary at the base of the pedicels.
1 D. LACU'STRIS (Rubb. 1. c. Gerard, emac. 105. f. 1.)
leaves linear, fistular, and bilocular ; scape simple. Tf. . H.
Native of Europe, in lakes with a gravelly bottom ; in Britain
abundant in the lakes of Wales, Scotland, Ireland, and the north
of England ; in most of the lakes with clear gravelly bottoms in
Westmoreland and Cumberland. Lobelia Dortmanna, Lin. spec.
1318. Smith, engl. bot. 2. p. 140. Lightf. scot. 505. f. 21. Fl.
dan. t. 39. Gladiolus palustris, Bauh. pin. 41. Rudb. elys. vol.
2. p. 17. f. 7. — Clus. cur. post. 40. f. 1. Leaves 2 inches long.
Flowers pale blue. Mouth of corolla bearded.
Lake Dortmanna. Fl. July. Britain. PI. | to 1 foot.
2 D. PALUD6SA ; leaves flat, linear-oblong, with obsoletely
crenated margins ; scape nearly simple and naked, bearing a
few remote flowers at the apex. if.. H. Native of North
America, in deep sphagnose swamps, from Sussex county in
Delaware to Georgia. Lobelia paludosa, Nutt. nov. gen. 2. p.
75. Leaves 4-6 inches long, and hardly 5 lines wide. Flowers
pale blue, small. Corolla with the disk of the lower lip
downy.
Marsh Dortmanna. PI. 2 feet.
Cult. The species of Dortmanna are singular, and beautiful
plants, but difficult of culture. However, D. lacustris may be
4 Y 2
LOBELIACE>E. X. PARASTRANTHUS. XI. ISOTOMA. XII. HOLOSTIGMA. XIII. LYSIPOMIA.
716
grown for a time, if planted in a pot of gravel, and placed in a
pond or cistern, so that the plants may be about 6 inches below
the surface of the water ; and D. paludbsa may be grown in a
pot half filled with peat earth, and the other half with sphagnum,
in which the plants are to be set, and the pot placed in a shallow
pan of water, or in a cistern or pond, but not so deep as to
immerse the plants.
X. PARASTRA'NTHUS (from 7rapa<rrp£0w, parastrepho, to
invert, or to distort, and avdos, anthos, a flower ; the flowers are
upside down, compared with those of other genera of Loleliacece).
Lobelia species, Lin. Thunb.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx S-cleft. Corolla
bilabiate, with hardly any tube : upper lip of 3 segments, lower
one of 2 segments, smaller. Stamineous column under the lower
lip. Anthers and filaments connected into a column ; the
former bearded at the apex. Ovarium inferior, 2-3-celled.
Stigma bifid or trifid. — Herbaceous plants, with toothed leaves,
and terminal racemes of almost sessile yellow flowers.
1 P. SI'MPLEX ; glabrous ; stems assurgent, simple ; leaves
lanceolate, serrated ; flowers almost sessile, at the tops of the
stems, forming a loose spike ; bracteas toothed, shorter than the
calycine segments. %.. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Lobelia lutea, Lin. spec. 1322. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1319.— Burm.
afr. p. 101. t. 39. Flowers deep yellow.
Simple-stemmed Yellow-Lobelia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774.
PI. i foot.
2 P. VARIIFOLIA ; stems erectish, branched at top ; leaves
linear, quite entire, and toothed, particularly the upper ones ;
flowers solitary, axillary, nearly terminal, almost sessile ;
stigma tripartite. I/ . H. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Lobelia variif61ia, Sims, bot. mag. 1692. Flowers
yellow.
Various-leaved Yellow-Lobelia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1812.
PI. J to 1 foot.
3 P. UNIDENTA'TA ; leaves linear-lanceolate, furnished with a
tooth on each side, rather hairy above, and discoloured beneath;
pedicels solitary, terminal ; stems angular from the decurrent
bases of the leaves, y.. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Lobelia unidentata, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. 1. p. 356.
Sims, bot. mag. t. 1484. L. bidentata, Bonn, hort. cant. ed.
4. p. 41. Flowers deep blue. Anthers yellow. Stigma 2-
lobed.
Unidentate-\e3ived Parastranthus. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1794.
PI. ± foot.
Cult. Beautiful plants, of easy culture. A mixture of loam,
peat, and sand is the best soil for them ; and they are easily
increased by dividing at the root.
XI. ISO'TOMA (from to-oe, isos, equal, and ro/ut, toma, a
section ; in reference to the segments of the corolla being nearly
equal.) Lindl. bot. reg. 964. Lobelia Isotoma, R. Br. prod,
fl. nov. boll. p. 564.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx 5-parted
(f. 122. c.), nearly equal. Corolla salver-shaped (f. 122. d.) or
funnel-shaped, with an entire or cleft tube, and a nearly equal
5-parted limb. Filaments combined into a tube. Anthers co-
hering, beardless ; two lower ones mucronate. Stigma capitate,
protruding beyond the anthers. Capsule 2-celled, many-seeded.
—Herbaceous plants. This genus differs from all the other
genera of Lobeliaceous plants, in the 2 lower anthers being
mucronate, except Pratia.
1 I. AXILLA RIS (Lindl. bot. reg. 964.) plant rather downy;
leaves sessile, pinnatifid, toothed ; peduncles axillary, naked,
FIG. 122.
elongated, 1 -flowered ; corolla
salver-shaped, with an entire
tube. I/ . G. Native of New
Holland, on the south coast.
L. senecioides, Cunningh. L.
senecionis, Spreng. syst. add.
p. 75. Corolla with green tube,
and light blue linear-lanceolate
segments. The segments of the
calyx are narrow, distant, and
at length reflexed. (f. 122.).
Axillary - flowered Isotoma.
Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1824. PI.
1 foot.
2 I. BRO'WNII ; glabrous ;
stems almost simple ; leaves li-
near, quite entire; corolla salver-
shaped, with an entire tube,
and a somewhat unequal limb ; flowers racemose. Q. H. Na-
tive of New Holland, on the south coast. Lobelia hypocrateri-
formis, R. Br. prod. 564. Hook. bot. mag. t. 3075. Flowers
beautiful purple.
Browns Isotoma. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1829. PI. 1 foot.
3 I. SCAPI'GERA ; stems short ; leaves lanceolate, a little
toothed ; corolla funnel-shaped, having the tube cleft above at
the apex ; peduncles scape-formed, 1-flowered. 1£.G. Native
of New Holland, on the south coast. Lobelia scapigera, R. Br.
prod. p. 564. Flowers blue or purple.
Var. a, biuncialis (R. Br. 1. c.) stem 6-10 lines long ; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, 4-6 lines long ; scapes many, 2-3 inches long.
l/.G.
Var. ft, pmilla (R. Br. 1. c.) stems almost wanting ; leaves
ovate, obtuse, 2 lines long ; scapes almost solitary, 3-8 lines long.
V.G.
Scape-bearing Isotoma. PI. 1 to 3 inch.
Cult. The species of this genus are very elegant while in
blossom, and are of easy culture. A light soil suits them best ;
and they are easily increased by cuttings or seeds. They answer
well if planted out during summer in the open border, with a
south aspect.
XII. HOLOSTrGMA (from oXoc, holos, entire, and any^a,
stigma, a stigma ; in reference to the entire stigma). Lobelia,
Sect. III. R. Br. prod. p. 564.
LIN. SYST. Dioecia, Pentdndria. Flowers dioecious. Limb
of calyx 5-parted. Corolla having the tube cleft above, and a
nearly equal 5-lobed limb. Anthers cohering, bearded. Stigma
undivided. Capsule 2-celled, many-seeded. — A herbaceous
plant.
1 H. DioicA ; male flowers corymbose and terminal ; female
ones axillary and solitary ; cauline leaves lanceolate, toothed or
entire. "U. . G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic, on
the shore. Flowers blue. ?
.Dioecious-flowered Holostigma. PI. ?
Cult. See Isotoma above for culture and propagation.
XIII. LYSIPO'MIA (from \vta, luo, to solve, and vwfta,
poma, a lid ; in reference to the capsule, which opens by an
operculum at the apex). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 318.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx 5-parted.
Corolla with a campanulate entire tube, and a 5-parted sub-bila-
biate limb ; the 2 lobes of the upper lip a little longer than those
of the lower lip : lobes valvate in aestivation. Anthers coher-
ing ; the 2 inferior ones a little shorter than the rest, bearded at
LOBELIACE^E. XIII. LYSIPOMIA. XIV. MONOPSIS. XV. HIPPOBROMA. XVI. CLINTONIA.
717
tlie apex, or terminating in a msmbranous process. Stigma 2-
lobed, ciliated outside. Capsule somewhat 5-ribbed, 1 -celled,
opening by an orbicular convex, umbonate, deciduous opercu-
Inm. Seeds numerous, adnate to parietal placentas. — Small,
tufted, stemless or caulescent herbs, with the habit of Aretia or
Montia. Leaves alternate, linear or spatulate, quite entire, stiff
and crowded, or fleshy and remote. Flowers minute, axillary,
solitary, white, pedunculate. This genus is easily distinguished
from all the other genera of the present order.
1 L. MONTIOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 320.
t. 266. f. 2.) stems creeping ; leaves spatulate, rather fleshy ;
peduncles axillary ; calycine segments unequal, glabrous, 4 times
shorter than the tube of the corolla. If. . S. Native of Quito,
in humid places on the high plains of Mount Antisana, at the
altitude of above 6000 feet. Lobelia limoselloides, Willd. in
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 41. Herb glabrous, with the habit
of Montia • fontana.
Monlia-like Lysipomia. PI. procumbent.
2 L. RENIFORMIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 320.
t. 266. f. 1.) stems creeping ; leaves orbicularly reniform, emar-
ginate ; flowers axillary ; calycine segments equal, acute, gla-
brous, 3 times shorter, than the tube of the corolla, y. . S,
Native of South America, near the Cave of Antisana. Herb
glabrous, with the habit of Viola palustris.
/Jenj/brm-leaved Lysopomia. PI. creeping.
3 L. ARETIOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 321.
t. 267. f. 1.) plant tufted; stems short, leafy; leaves crowded
in a stellate manner, oblong-spatulate, acute, stiff; peduncles
axillary ; segments of the calyx equal, acute, ciliated, one-half
shorter than the corolla. If. . S. Native of the Andes of Peru,
near Loxa, in Cerro de Vinajacu, at the altitude of about 4000
feet. Lobelia glandulosa, Willd. in Roam, et Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 41. Plant glabrous, with the habit of a species of Aretia.
Aretia-like Lysipomia. PI. tufted, an inch high.
4 L. ACAU'LIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 321.
t. 267. f. 2.) plant tufted, stemless ; leaves radical, crowded in a
stellate manner, linear, obtuse, stiff; peduncles radical ; seg-
ments of the calyx unequal, obtuse, glabrous. %. S. Native
of South America, on the high plains of Mount Antisana, and
roots of Chussulongi, above the altitude of 6000 feet. Lobelia
androsacea, Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 41. Plant
glabrous, with the habit of Valeriana rigida.
Stemless Lysipomia. PI. tufted.
5 L. SUBULA'TA ; leaves radical, crowded in a stellate manner,
subulate, mucronate, hairy at the base ; peduncles elongated ;
calycine lobes acute. If. . F. Native on the Cordillera of
Peru. Peduncles 1 -flowered, an inch long. (v. s. in herb.
Lamb.).
Subulate-\eaveA Lysipomia. PI. 1 inch.
Cult. The species of Lysipomia are very remarkable little
plants, but none of them have been as yet introduced to our
gardens ; but should they ever be, we would recommend their
being grown in a mixture of loam and peat, in small pots, well
drained with sherds. They will be easily increased by di-
viding.
XIV. MONO'PSIS (from /xococ, monos, one, and o\^ic, opsis,
a face ; in reference to the flowers being regular, not bilabiate).
Salisb. — Lobelia speculum, Andr. bot. rep. 664. Specularia,
Soland. mss.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular with 5
equal spreading linear-acute segments. Corolla salver-shaped,
with a terete tube, which is split on one side, allowing the sta-
mens and style to escape, and a rotate equal limb ; segments
obtuse, mucronate. Anthers cohering. Capsule inferior, 2-
celled, many-seeded. — A small elegant plant, with prostrate
branches ; very long, solitary, axillary, 1-flowered, naked pedun-
cles ; linear-lanceolate, irregularly toothed, or entire alter-
nate leaves ; and showy deep blue flowers, with yellow an-
thers.
1 M. CONSPI'CUA (Salisb.) O- H. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Lobelia speculum, Andr. bot. rep. t. 664. Sims,
bot. mag. t. 1499.
Conspicuous Monopsis. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. PI.
prostrate.
Cult. A little annual plant, worth cultivating in every col.
lection, for the sake of its neat, elegant, deep blue flowers. The
seeds should be raised in the hot-bed, and the plants, when
about an inch above ground, should be planted separately into
small pots, filled with a mixture of peat and sand, and others
may be planted out into the open border in May, in warm shel-
tered situations.
XV. HIPPOBRO'MA (from JTTTTOC, hippos, a horse, and fipo-
po£, bromos, poison ; the plant is a very strong poison, and
proves fatal to horses that eat it). Lobelia species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx 5-parted ;
segments linear, ciliated. Corolla with a very long straight en-
tire tube, and a 5-parted nearly equal limb. Stamineous tube
exserted beyond the throat of the corolla. Stamens and an-
thers connate ; the latter bearded. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule
2-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded. — A herbaceous plant, with
short axillary pedicels, runcinate or coarsely toothed leaves, and
long white flowers, resembling those of Mirdbilis longiflora.
1 H. LONGIFLORA ; leaves obovate-lanceolate, coarsely toothed ;
tube of corolla very long and slender. If. . S. Native of Jamaica
and St. Domingo, and others of the West India Islands, on the
banks of rivers. Lobelia longiflora, Jacq. amer. 219. ed. pict. p.
107. t. 200. Jacq. hort. vind. 1. 1. 27. Lindl. bot. reg. 1. 1200. Ra-
puntium longiflorum, Mill. diet. no. 7. — Sloan, jam. 158. t. 101.
f. 2. Plant hairy. Ovarium turbinate, pentagonal. Tube of
anthers 10-furrowed. This is a very poisonous plant. If it be
handled, and the hand unawares be applied to the eyes, it brings
on an inflammation. The Spanish Americans call it Rebenta
Cavallos, because it proves fatal to horses that eat it ; it acts as
a violent cathartic. It is well known in St. Domingo under the
name of Quedec.
Long-flowered Hippobroma. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1 752. PI.
1 foot.
Cult. A mixture of peat, loam, and sand suits this plant, and
it is easily increased by cuttings, in the same kind of soil, under
a hand-glass in heat.
XVI. CLINTO'NIA (named in honour of the late De Witt
Clinton, governor of the State of New York, author of several
ingenious treatises on different branches of natural history).
Doug, in bot. reg. 1241.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx adhering to the
ovarium, with a 5-lobed equal limb. Corolla bilabiate, with
hardly any tube ; lower lip cuneated, 3-lobed ; superior one
straight, bipartite. Stamens combined into an incurved tube :
anthers cohering ; the 2 lower ones bearded at the apex. Ova-
rium silique-formed, triangular, twisted, 1-celled, with 2 parietal
placentas. Capsule dry, chartaceous, many-seeded, opening by
3 thong-formed valves. — Herbaceous, procumbent, glabrous
plants, with small linear-lanceolate leaves : and axillary, solitary,
almost sessile blue flowers.
1 C. E'LEGANS (Dougl. 1. c.) glabrous ; root annual ; stem
procumbent, branched, rather angular ; leaves sessile, ovate, 3-
veined ; flowers solitary, axillary, sessile ; ovarium sessile, long,
acuminated. (•)• H. Native of North America, on the banks
718
LOBELIACE.S. XVI. CLINTONIA. XVII. CYPHIA. XVIII. CANONANTHUS.
oi" the Columbia river. Flowers blue ; the lower lip having a
large white streak on the base. Stigma girded by a papillose
beard. Two lower anthers alone bearded.
Elegant Clintonia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1827. PI. | ft,
2 C. BERGIA'NA (Cham, in Linnaea. 7. p. 217.) glabrous ; root
perennial, creeping ; stems erect or decumbent, branched, trian-
gular at bottom ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, remotely den-
ticulated, sessile: lower ones ovate; flowers axillary, almost
sessile, at the tops of the branches ; ovarium elongated. "It. S.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, near Hangkliph, where it
was collected by Mundt. Capsule elongated, crowned by the
segments of the calyx, which are spreading, fleshy, and stellately
disposed ; anthers all bearded. Corolla pale blue.
Bergius's Clintonia. PI. decumbent.
3 C. PUSILLA ; we have not been able to see the work in
which this plant is described, as it has not yet been received in
this country. 0. H. Native of Chili. L. pusilla, Poepp.
pi. chil. exsic. 3. no. 171. syn. pi. amer. austr. misc. diar. 731.
Flowers blue.
Small Clintonia. PI. decumbent.
XVII. CY'PHIA (from KV^OC, kyphos, curved; in reference
to the stigma being gibbous). Berg. fl. cap. p. 173. Lobelia
species, Thunb.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx turbinate, 5-cleft.
Corolla bilabiate ; segments easily separated to the base, spread-
ing at the apex. Filaments hairy, cohering ; anthers free,
bearded. Stigma drooping, hollow, gibbous. Capsule 2-celled,
many-seeded. — Herbaceous plants, natives of the Cape of Good
Hope, with alternate, undivided, pinnate, and pinnatifid leaves ;
and blue or red flowers.
1 C. VOLO'BILIS (Willd. spec. 1. p. 952.) glabrous ; leaves en-
tire and toothed, linear; stem twining. ©. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Lobelia volubilis, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 396.
Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 38. Stems filiform, twining contrary to the
sun. Leaves often trifid at the apex : the lateral segments
short. Flowers axillary, solitary, pedicellate. Corolla ringent
or bilabiate.
Var. a, vulgdtior (Cham, in Linnaea. 7. p. 224.) flowers nearly
an inch long ; genitals half an inch, one-half shorter than the
tube ; segments of corolla narrow-lanceolate.
Var. p, intermedia (Cham. 1. c.) flowers 9 lines long; throat
of corolla more bearded ; segments of corolla more elliptic ;
genitals shorter than the corolline tube.
Var. y, parviflora (Cham. 1. c.) flowers not half an inch long;
genitals exceeding the corolline tube ; filaments villous. Per-
haps a proper species.
Twining Cyphia. Fl. ? Clt. 1795. PI. twining.
2 C. DIGITA'TA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 953.) glabrous ; leaves di-
gitate ; stem twining. I/. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Lobelia Cyphia, Thunb. prod. 1. p. 39. Lobelia digitata,
Thunb. in act. gor. and fl. cap. 2. p. 50. Root bulbous, escu-
lent, fleshy. Stems filiform, simple. Leaves sessile, digitately
pinnate ; segments linear. Pedicels filiform, purplish, striated,
length of leaves or bracteas. Corolla monopetalous, ringent or
bilabiate : upper lip bipartite : lower ones tripartite, pale blue.
Capsule roundish, angular.
Digitate-leaved Cyphia. PI. twining.
3 C. BULBOSA (Berg. fl. cap. 172.) glabrous ; leaves digitate;
leaflets pinnatifid ; stem erect. I/ . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, on hills. Cyphia Capensis, Gmel. syst. 5. p. 370.
Lobelia bulbosa, Lin. spec. 1319. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 39. fl.
cap. 2. p. 49. Lobelia Cyphia, Gmel. syst. 5. p. 357.— Burm.
afr. 99. t. 38. f. 1. Root fibrous, descending, terminating in a
bulb. Stems usually simple, rarely branched. Lower leaves
pinnatifid, with unequal lanceolate lobes ; the upper ones often
simple, ex Thunb. Flowers pale blue. ?
#«/6ow*-rooted Cyphia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1791. PI. £
foot.
4 C. CARDA'MINES (Willd. spec. 1. p. 953.) villous ; leaves
pinnate, with ovate, toothed leaflets ; scape erect, y.. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope, in sandy places on the out-
skirts of Cape Town. Lobelia Cardamines, Thunb. prod. 1 p.
39. fl. cap. 2. p. 49. Stem scape-formed, simple. Leaves
radical, pinnatifid; ultimate leaflets 3-lobed. Flowers racemose,
on very short pedicels.
Lady's-smock-like Cyphia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PL ^ ft.
5 C. SERRA'TA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 809.) leaves radical, ob-
long, attenuated at the base, sessile, crenately serrated, quite
glabrous, as well as the scape, which is scaly ; flowers racemose ;
segments of the calyx reflexed, serrated. If.. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope.
Serrated-leaved Cyphia. PI. f foot. ?
6 C. iNcisA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 953.) villous; leaves deeply
subpinnatifid ; scapes erect. 0. TJ..G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, on hills on the outskirts of Cape Town. Lobelia
incisa, Thunb. prod. 1. p. 39. fl. cap. 2. p. 50. Root descend-
ing. Stem scape-formed, simple, furrowed. Leaves radical,
petiolate. Flowers racemose, on very short pedicels. Corolla
bilabiate, very pale red.
CuMeaved Cyphia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. | ft.
7 C. PHYTEU'MA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 953.) leaves oblong, cre-
nated; scape erect. ©. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Ker. bot. reg. t. 625. Lobelia Phyteuma, Lin. spec,
p. 1319. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 39. fl. cap. 2. p. 47. Lobelia nudi-
caulis, Lam. diet. 3. p. 591. no. 41. Stem scape-formed, stri-
ated, glabrous. Leaves radical, attenuated at the base, or on
short petioles, obtuse, villous. Flowers pink, spicate, alter-
nate. Bracteas ovate, acute, toothed, reflexed ; upper ones
ciliated.
Phyteuma-like Cyphia. Fl. Feb. Clt. 1822. PI. 1 to 1|
foot.
8 C. ? PINNA'TA (Rrem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 477.) stem
shrubby, erect, branched at top ; leaves pinnate, smooth : leaflets
very narrow, capillary. 17 . G. Native of the Canary Islands.
Lobelia pinnata, Lam. diet. 3. p. 591. no. 44. Shrub milky.
Leaves like those of Ipomce'a Quamoclit. Branches very leafy.
Leaves shining; leaflets 1|- inch long.
Pinnate Cyphia. Shrub 3 feet.
9 C. BOTRYS (Willd. rel. ex Roam, et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
477.) leaves bipinnatifidly jagged ; stem furrowed. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. There is a smoother and broader
leaved variety of this, with larger pinnatifid bructeas, which are
about the length of the flowers.
Racemed Cyphia. PI. 1 foot. ?
Cult. The species of this genus thrive well in an equal mix-
ture of loam, peat, and sand ; and cuttings of them root readily
under a hand-glass. Some of the species have large tuberous
roots ; these must be kept quite dry when not in a growing state,
or they will rot. These tuberous-rooted kinds may be increased
just as the stems begin to push out from the root, by cutting oft'
as many of the shoots as are wanted, and planting them in a small
pot, in the same kind of soil recommended for the species, keep-
ing them dry till the wound has healed, but never covering them
with glass ; they will soon form tubers of themselves, and the
old plant will make fresh shoots.
XVIII. CANONA'NTHUS (from Kavonms, kanonicos, re-
gular, and avdoe, anthos, a flower ; the flowers are regular, like
those of Campanulacece, not bilabiate, as in the rest of the Lobe-
liaceous genera). Lobelia species, Cav. icon. 6. p. 11. t. 517.
STYLIDEjE. I. STYLIDIUM.
719
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx regular, with a
campanulate tube, and ovate-lanceolate segments. Corolla tubu-
larly campanulate, entire, with 5 equal, ovate, acute segments.
Filaments and anthers combined ; the latter beardless. Ova-
rium 2-celled. 1 — A branched shrub, clothed in every part with
white tomentum. Leaves ovate, quite entire, glabrous above,
and densely clothed with tomentum beneath. Peduncles long,
axillary, solitary, 1-flowered. Calyx tomentose. Corolla red
inside, and clothed with obscure white powdery tomentum out-
side.
1 C. CAMPANULA'TUS ; Jj . F. Native of Peru, on the road
from Guaranda to Chimborazo. Lobelia campanulata, Cav. icon.
6. p. 11. t. 517.
Campanulale-fiov/ered Canonanthus. Shrub 8 feet.
Cult. See Tupa, p. 700. for culture and propagation.
ORDER CXXXV. STYLI'DE^E (plants agreeing with Sty-
lidium in important characters). R. Br. prod. fl. nov. holl.
•p. 565.
Calyx superior, 2-6-parted, bilabiate or regular (f. 123. a.\
permanent. Corolla monopetalous, with a 5-6-cleft, irregular
(f. 123. &.), rarely equal limb, which is imbricate in aestivation,
and at length falling off. Stamens 2 (f. 123. rf.) ; filaments
combined with the style into a column. Anthers didy-
mous (f. 123. rf.), and sometimes simple, lying upon the stigma.
Pollen globose, simple, sometimes angular. Ovarium 2-celled,
but sometimes almost 1 -celled from the middle dissepiment
being short, many-seeded ; furnished with a gland in front, or
crowned by 2 opposite glands. Style one ; stigma undivided or
bifid. Capsule 2-valved, 2-celled, with a parallel dissepi-
ment ; or almost 1-celled from the dissepiment being short,
or at length released from the inflexed margins of the valves.
Seeds fixed to the axis of the dissepiment, erect, small, some-
times pedicellate. Albumen conforming to the seed, fleshy, and
rather oily. Embryo inclosed, minute. — Caulescent scarpigerous
nonlactescent herbs or shrubs, beset with simple hairs, which
are either tipped with capitate glands or acute. Leaves usually
scattered, but sometimes verticillate, entire, with naked or
ciliated edges ; radical leaves crowded in the scapigerous
species. Flowers spicate, racemose, corymbose, and solitary i
terminal, rarely axillary ; pedicels usually furnished with three
bracteas.
This order is nearly allied to both Campanulacece and Goo-
denbvieee, from both of which it is distinguished by the gynan-
drous stamens, and from the latter by the want of an indusium
to the stigma. The structure of the sexual organs is highly
curious ; the stamens and style are closely combined into a solid
irritable column, at the top of which is a cavity, including the
stigma, and bounded by the anthers.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 STYLI'DIUM. Calyx 2-parted, bilabiate (f. 123. a.)- Column
with a double flexure. Anthers 2-lobed (f. 123. d.) ; lobes
divaricate. Stigma undivided. Capsule 2-celled.
2 LEVENHOOKIA. Calyx 5-parted, bilabiate. Column erect,
adnate to the lower side of the tube. Lobes of anthers one above
the other, divaricate. Stigmas 2. Capsule 1-celled.
3 FORSTE'RA. Calyx double, both composed of 2-3 sepals.
1
Corolla tubularly campanulate, 5-6-parted. Column straight,
bearing 2 anthers. Stigmas 2. Capsule 1-celled.
1 STYLI'DIUM (from orvXoe, stylos, a column ; in refer-
ence to the stamens and style being combined into a column).
Swartz, in nov. act. nat. scrut. berol. ex Willd. spec. 4. p. 146.
Labill. nov. holl. 2. p. 63. t. 213. p. 566. R. Br. prod. p. 566
Ventenatia, Smith, exot. hot. 2. p. 13. t. 66. — Candoilea, Labill.
in ami. mus. 6. p. 414. t. 64. f. 2.
LIN. SYST. Gyndndria, Diandria. Calyx bilabiate (f. 123. a.).
Corolla irregular, 5-cleft (f. 123. 6.); the fifth segment or label-
lum dissimilar to the others, deflexed, smaller, rarely stretched
out ; the rest spreading, rarely joined by pairs. Column recli-
nate (f. 123. rf.), with a double flexure. Anthers 2-lobed (f. 123.
d.) ; lobes divaricate. Stigma obtuse, undivided. Capsule 2-
celled, having the dissepiment sometimes incomplete above. —
Scapigerous or caulescent herbs or subshrubs. Radical leaves
crowded, sometimes attenuated into the petioles ; cauline ones
scattered, and sometimes verticillate, often small and bractea-
formed, rarely cirrhose at the apex or loosened at the base.
Inflorescence variable. Outer lip of calyx bidentate or bipartite,
inner one tridentate or tripartite. Corollas purple, white, viola-
ceous, rarely yellow, usually beset with pili on the outside, which
are tipped with capitate glands : tube twisted at the base, some-
times very short ; throat usually crowned by teeth or glands,
but sometimes naked : the 4 larger segments of the limb ap-
proximating by pairs, one of the pair often smaller than the
other. Labellum or lip narrower than the other segments, op-
posite the front of the calyx, but from the contortion of the tube
has at length become lateral, with its disk often thickened, and
rather convex inside, usually appendiculated by a small segment
on each side, but sometimes simple. Column linear, longer than
the limb of the corolla, on the same side as the labellum, ex-
serted, reclinate, having the outer bend so irritable that if touch-
ed with a pin it instantly starts from its place to the opposite
side of the flower with great impetuosity. Anthers dehiscing
lengthwise. Stigma at first obsolete, and hidden by the incum-
bent anthers, but exserted at length, and sometimes hispid or
papulose.
SECT. I. VENTENA'TIA. Capsule ventricose, subovate, some-
times spherical or oblong.
§ 1. Scales scarious. Leaves radical, attenuated at the base,
Outer lip of calyx 2-parted, inner one tripartite. — Scapigerous
herbs, with racemose florvers.
\ S. PILOSUM (Labill. nov. holl. 2. p. 63. t. 213.) scape a little
branched, clothed with glandular pubescence ; leaves flat, lan-
ceolate-ensiform. %. G. Native of New Holland, on the
south coast. Flowers pale red.
Pilose Stylidium. PI. 1| foot.
2 S. REDUPLICA'TUM (R. Br. prod. p. 568.) scape beset with
acute hairs ; racemes a little branched ; leaves narrow, ensiform,
reduplicate, with broader scales outside. Tf.. G. Native of
New Holland, on the southern coast. Flowers red or pink ?
Reduplicate-leaved Stylidium. PI. \ to 1 foot.
3 S. HIRSU'TUM (R. Br. prod. p. 568.) scape beset with acute
hairs ; raceme nearly simple ; leaves linear, with rather revolute
edges ; scales distinct. 11 . G. Native of New Holland, on
the south coast. Hook. hot. mag. t. 3194. Corolla of a pur-
plish rose-colour.
Hairy Stylidium. Fl. May. Clt. 1830. PI. i to | foot.
§ 2. Leaves radical, crowded, without scales. Outer lip of
calyx bidentate, inner one tridentate. Scapes leafless.
4 S. UMBELLA'TUM (Labill. nov. holl. 2. p. 66. t. 217.)
(20
STYLIDEiE. I. STYUDIUM.
racemes of scape umbellate, involucrated. 1(.. G. Native of
Van Diemen's Land.
Umbellate- flowered Stylidium. PI. 1^ foot.
5 S. ARMENIA (Labill. nov. holl. 2. p. 66. t. 216.) leaves
linear, ensiform, with quite entire margins : scape glabrous ;
raceme simple, downy ; lip of corolla appendiculated. "11 . G.
Native of Van Diemen's Land. Perhaps the same as the fol-
lowing.
Thrift-like Stylidium. PI. 1 foot.
6 S. MELA'STACHYS (R. Br. prod. p. 568.) leaves linear, with
rather revolute smooth margins ; scape rather pilose ; spike
simple, beset with glandular hairs ; flowers imbricate, almost
sessile ; lip of corolla appendiculate at the base. % . G. Native
of Van Diemen's Land. The leaves are sometimes beset with
a few denticulations.
Black-spiked Stylidium. PI. 1 foot.
7 S. GRAMINIFOLIUM (Swartz, in nov. act. scrut. berol. ex
Willd. spec. 4. p. 146.) leaves linear, with denticulated edges ;
raceme subspicate, simple, and is as well as the scape beset with
glandular hairs; lip of corolla appendiculate at the base. I/ . G.
Native of New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land. Ker. bot.
reg. t. 90. Ventenatia major, Smith, exot. bot. 2. p. 13. t. 66.
Candollea serrulata, Labill. in ann. mus. 6. p. 414. t. 64. f. 2.
Flowers purplish red.
Grass-leaved Stylidium. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1803. PL 1 ft.
8 S. LINEA'RE (Swartz, 1. c.) leaves compressed, filiform,
1-1| inch long, with denticulated margins; raceme simple; pe-
dicels equal in length to the ovarium ; scape glabrous, filiform ;
lip of corolla appendiculate at the base. • if . G. Native of
New South Wales, about Port Jackson. R. Br. prod. p. 568.
Ventenatia minor, Smith, exot. bot. 2. p. 15. t. 67. Flowers
purple or red.
Linear-leaved Stylidium. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1812. PI.
1 foot.
9 S. SETAVCEUM (Labill. nov. holl. 2. p. 65.) leaves setaceous,
mucronulate, an inch long ; raceme simple, subspicate ; scape
quite glabrous ; capsule clavate-oblong ; lip of corolla inappen-
diculate. If. . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Flowers red.
Setaceous-leaved Stylidium. PI. 1 foot.
§ 3. Leaves radical, crowded, without scales. Scape leafless or
with a few very small scattered leaves. Outer lip of calyx bi-
partite, inner one tripartite.
10 S. SPINULOSUM (R. Br. prod. p. 569.) leaves linear, mu-
cronate, attenuated at the base, with spinulose edges ; scape
clothed with glandular pubescence ; raceme simple, rarely sub-
corymbose ; throat of corolla crowned : lip inappendiculate.
I/ . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Spinulose-leaved Stylidium. PI.
US. CCESPITOSUM (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves linear, glabrous, seta-
ceously mucronate, with quite entire edges ; raceme often
divided ; rachis and scape glabrous ; throat of corolla naked ;
lip appendiculate. T(.. G. Native of New Holland, on the
south coast.
Tvfted Stylidium. PI. tufted.
12 S. PILI'FERUM (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate, gla-
brous, piliferous, with entire margins ; raceme simple ; rachis
downy ; scape glabrous ; throat of corolla naked ; lip appendi-
culate. 1] . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Piliferous Stylidium. PI.
13 S. ASSI'MILE (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves narrow-spatulate, gla-
brous, thickish, with quite entire margins ; raceme divided a
little ; rachis and scape downy ; throat of corolla naked ; lip
appendiculate. If.. G. Native of New Holland, on the south
coast.
Similar Stylidium. PI.
14 S. SPATULA'TUM (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves spatulate, clothed
with glandular pubescence on both surfaces, with quite entire
edges ; raceme many-flowered, and is as well as the radical
scape glabrous ; throat of corolla crowned ; lip appendiculate.
1£ . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Spatulate-leaved Stylidium. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
15 S. GI.AU'CUM (Labill. nov. holl. 2. p. 64. t. 214.? II. Br.
1. c.) leaves lanceolate-spatulate, clothed with glandular down
on both surfaces, with quite entire edges ; raceme few-flowered,
subcorymbose, glabrous ; scape furnished with a few leaves.
~H. G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast. Perhaps
the plant of Labillardiere is referrible to the following.
Glaucous Stylidium. PI. ^ foot.
16 S. ERIORIUZUM (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves spatulate, setace-
ously mucronate, glabrous on both surfaces, but tomentose on
the margins ; raceme somewhat panicled, and is as well as the
scape clothed with glandular down ; root thick, woolly ; throat
of corolla naked ; lip appendiculate. If.. G. Native of New
Holland, within the tropic.
Woolly-rooted Stylidium. PI.
1 7 S. FLORIBU'NDUM (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves oblong, glabrous on
both surfaces, with quite entire margins ; scapes numerous, pa-
nicled, woolly from acute villi ; throat of corolla naked : lip ap-
pendiculate. If. . G. Native of New Holland, within the
tropic.
Bundle-Jlorvered Stylidium. PI.
1 8 S. JU'NCEUM (R. Br. 1. c.) radical leaves linear, those of
the scape minute, distant, and are as well as the bracteas adnate
to the middle ; calycine segments subulate, simple at the base ;
throat of corolla crowned by stipitate glands : lip inappendiculate.
14.. G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast. Scape
straight, glabrous.
Rushy Stylidium. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1830. PI. 2 feet.
19 S. VIOLA'CEUM (R. Br. 1. c.) radical leaves narrow, linear,
those of the scape, which is quite glabrous, small and adpressed,
and are as well as the bracteas sessile ; calycine segments gib-
bous at the base ; throat of corolla crowned ; lip inappendicu-
late. 7£. G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Flowers violaceous.
Violaceous-ttov/ered Stylidium. PI.
§ 4. Leaves of scape or stem verticillate. Outer lip of calyx
bipartite, inner one tripartite.
20 S. LU'TEUM (R. Br. prod. p. 570.) scape inarticulated, gla-
brous ; whorles of leaves 1-2 on each scape, besides some scat-
tered leaves at the top ; radical leaves linear ; calycine segments
rather gibbous at the base ; throat of corolla crowned : lip inap-
pendiculate. I/. G. Native of New Holland, on the south
coast. Flowers yellow.
Fe/foni-flowered Stylidium. PI.
21 S. AMCE'NUM (R. Br. prod. p. 570.) scape inarticulate, gla-
brous, furnished with one whorl of leaves beyond the middle,
without any scattered leaves above the whorl ; radical leaves
spatulate, acuminated ; throat of corolla crowned : lip inappen-
diculate. "H . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Flowers red ?
Pleasant Stylidium. PI.
22 S. ARTICULA'TUM (R. Br. 1. c.) scape furnished with 2
joints, and 2 whorles of leaves ; radical leaves spatulate, coria-
ceous : lip of corolla inappendiculate. 7/ . G. Native of New
Holland, on the south coast.
Jointed-scaped Stylidium. PI. \ foot ?
23 S. DIVEUSIFOLIUM (R. Br. 1. c.) scape straight, inarticu-
lated, furnished with 3-4 whorles of filiform leaves : radica
STYLIDEyE. I. STYLIJHUM.
721
leaves lanceolate ; throat of corolla crowned : lip appendiculate.
Tf. . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Diverse-leaved Stylidium. PI. 1 foot?
24 S. SCA'NDENS (R. Br. 1. c.) stem scandent ; leaves linear,
spiral, and cirrhose at the apex ; throat of corolla crowned : lip
appendiculate; column downy above. If.. w. G. Native of
New Holland, on the south coast. Flowers lilac or rose-
coloured. Leaves whorled.
Climbing Stylidium. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1803. PL cl.
§ 5. Stem shrubby. Leaves numerous, scattered.
25 S. FRUTICOSUM (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves narrow-linear, decur-
rent, glabrous ; throat of corolla half crowned : lip appendicu-
late. fj . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Stylidium glandulosum, Salisb. par. t. 77. Flowers pink.
Shrubby Stylidium. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1803. Shrub 1
to ]•£ foot.
26 S. TENUiFbLiuM (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves setaceously linear,
sessile, rather hairy ; throat of corolla naked : lip appendiculate.
I? . G. Native of New South Wales, about Port Jackson.
Sims, bot. mag. 2249. L. laricifolium, Rich. Flowers pink.
Fine-leaved Stylidium. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 ft.
§ 6. Tube of corolla very short. Lip of corolla stretched out.
27 S. CALCARA'TUM (R. Br. 1. c.) plant small; stem few-
flowered ; leaves oval ; corolla with a naked throat, and rather
toothed segments : lip inappendiculate. If. , G. Native of New-
Holland, on the south coast.
Spurred Stylidium. PL small.
SECT. II. ANDERSONIA. J. G. Kcenig. mss. ex R. Br. prod,
p. 570. Capsules linear, or linear-lanceolate.
§ 1. Scapigerous. Flowers spicate or corymbose, rarely almost
solitary.
28 S.-CAPILLA'RE (R. Br. 1. c.) scape capillary, 1-2 inches
high, 1-2-flowered ; leaves radical oval ; calyx glabrous, very
acute ; limb tripartite, with the middle segment bifid ; throat of
corolla crowned; lip inappendiculate. If. G. Native of New
Holland, within the tropic.
Ca/«7/ary-scaped Stylidium. PL 2 inches.
29 S. TENE'LLUM (R. Br. prod. p. 571.) scape capillary ; spike
few-flowered ; leaves radical roundish ; lips of calyx parted,
glandular ; the 2 larger segments of the limb of the corolla
semi-bifid; throat naked : lip inappendiculate. If. , G. Native
of New Holland, within the tropic.
Slender Stylidium. PL -j foot.
30 S. ROTUNDIFOLIUM (R. Br. 1. c.) scape capillary, 1-4-
flowered ; leaves radical roundish ; lips of calyx undivided ; 4 of
the segments of the limb of the corolla nearly equal ; throat
naked. 7£. G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Round-leaved Stylidium. PL -j to -J- foot ?
31 S. CRASSIFOLIUM (R. Br. 1. c.) scape terete, 1-2 feet high ;
spike racemose, elongated ; leaves radical lanceolate, elongated.
1£. G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Thick-leaved Stylidium. PL 1 to 2 feet.
32 S. CORYMBOSUM (R. Br. 1. c.) scape terete, 2-3 inches high,
corymbiferous ; leaves radical linear, ending each in a setaceous
mucrone ; lips of calyx parted. 1£. G. Native of New Holland,
on the south coast.
Corymbose-flowered Stylidium. PL -y foot.
§ 2. Caulescent plants. Flowers alternate or solitary. Cap-
sules terete-linear, the same breadth at the apex.
33 S. INUNDA'TUM (R. Br. prod, p. 571.) stem branched, an
inch and a half high, leafy below the division ; leaves linear ;
VOL. III.
larger segments of the limb of the corolla obovate : smaller ones
linear ; throat naked ; lip inappendiculate, adnate to the tube at
the base. Tf.. G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast,
in inundated places.
Inundated Stylidium. PI. Hindi.
34 S. DESPE'CTUM (R. Br. 1. c.) stem parted, an inch and a
half high ; branches few-flowered ; leaves linear ; segments of
the limb linear-oblong, rather unequal ; throat naked ; lip inap-
pendiculate, adnate to the tube at the base. If. . G. Native of
Van Diemen's Land. Very like S. inundatum.
Despised Stylidium. PI. 1^ inch high.
35 S. DIFFU'SUM (R. Br. 1. c.) stem branched, diffuse, fili-
form ; leaves linear : cauline ones distant ; the 2 larger seg-
ments of the limb bifid ; throat crowned ; lip inappendiculate,
adnate to the tube at the base. "If. . S. Native of New Holland,
within the tropic.
Diffuse Stylidium. PI. diffuse.
36 S. FYGM.S:VUM (R. Br. 1. c.) stem simple, erect, an inch
high, 2-3-flowered ; leaves linear ; lips of calyx parted ; seg-
ments of the limb entire ; throat naked ; lip inappendiculate.
I/ . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Pygmy Stylidium. PI. 1 inch.
§ 3. Peduncles 1 -flowered from the axils of the leaves or lop of
the scape or branches, which are crowded. Capsule nearly
terete, not tapering at the top.
37 S. RE'PENS (R. Br. prod. p. 571.) stem creeping ; branches
ascending ; leaves subulate, adnate : upper ones much crowded ;
throat of corolla crowned ; lip inappendiculate. Tf. . G. Native
of New Holland, on the south coast.
Creeping Stylidium. PI. creeping.
38 S. GUTTA'TUM (R. Br. 1. c.) scape simple; flowers nearly
sessile, in fascicles ; bracteas foliaceous ; throat of corolla crown-
ed : lip appendiculate ; leaves radical linear. ^ . G. Native of
New Holland, on the south coast.
Spotted-fiowered Stylidium. PI. ^ foot. ?
39 S. PEDUNCULA'TUM (R. Br. 1. c.) scape simple ; flowers
umbellate ; pedicels capillary ; leaves of involucrum linear ;
segments of the limb of the corolla unequal ; throat naked ; lip
inappendiculate ; leaves radical lanceolate. "If. . S. Native of
New Holland, within the tropic.
Pedunculate Stylidium. PL
§ 4. Racemes terminating the leafy stems. Capsule compres-
sed, lanceolate or linear, constricted at the neck-
40 S. BREViscAVuM (R. Br. prod. p. 572.) stem simple;
leaves compressed, filiform : upper ones much crowded ; raceme
pedunculate, rather panicled, having the rachis villous ; capsule
lanceolate, equal-valved, downy.
Jj . G. Native of New Hol-
land, on the south coast.
Short-scaped Stylidium. PL
£ foot.
41 S. FASCICULA^TUM (R. Br.
1. c.) stem branched a little, gla-
brous ; leaves linear ; spikes pe-
dunculate, subracemose, having
the rachis glabrous ; capsule lan-
ceolate, having both the cells
seminiferous. ^ . G. Native of
New Holland, on the south
coast. Lindl. bot. reg. 1459.
Flowers pink. (f. 123.)
Fascicled - leaved Stylidium.
Fl. Aug. Clt. 1830. Shrub i ft.
42 S. FALCA'TUM (R. Br. 1. c.) stem nearly simple, and is as
4Z
FIG. 123.
722
STYLIDEJE. I. STYLIDIUM. II. LEVENHOOKIA. III. FORSTERA. GOODENOVI^E.
well as the rachis downy ; leaves linear ; spike pedunculate, sub-
racemose ; capsule divaricate, lanceolate, with both the cells
seminiferous, the superior one one-half narrower than the other,
and closed. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, on the south
coast. Flowers pink ?
Falcate Stylidium. Shrub | foot.
43 S. ADNA'TUM (R. Br. 1. c.) stem multiple ; branches un-
divided; leaves linear; spike almost sessile, divided, with the di-
visions few-flowered ; capsule linear, adnate at the base, having
the neck shorter than the calyx : the superior cell empty, and
very narrow. O- G. Native of New Holland, on the south
coast. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 914. Flowers pink.
4dnate-\eaved Stylidium. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. £ ft.
44 S. FROPINQUUM (R. Br. 1. c.) stem multiple ; partial ones
divided in an umbellate manner ; leaves linear ; spikes sessile,
nearly simple; capsule adnate at the base, linear, having the
neck equal in length to the calyx : the superior cell very narrow
and empty. ©.? fj . ? G. Native of New Holland, on the
south coast. Flowers pink. Very nearly allied to the pre-
ceding.
Allied Stylidium. PI. £ foot.
§ 5. Limb of corolla bipartite : lobes bifid. Capsule linear,
45 S. ALsiNolDEs (R. Br. prod. p. 572.) stem erect; leaves
ovate ; floral ones opposite ; flowers axillary, sessile, solitary,
bractless. Ij. . 1 S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Chickneed-like Stylidium. PI. £ to £ foot?
Cult. All the species of this genus are rare, elegant, and
singular. The best soil for them is a mixture of sand, loam,
and peat. Some of the species may be increased by parting at
the root ; but most of them by seed. Cuttings of the shrubby
kinds strike root readily under a hand-glass either in sand or
mould.
II. LEVENHOOKIA (named in memory of Anthony Van
Leeuwenhoek, a celebrated micrographist, whose numerous
works and observations on the structure of plants are still ex-
tant). R. Br. prod. p. 572.
LIN. SYST. Gyn&ndria, Diandria. Calyx 5-parted, bilabiate.
Limb of corolla 5-parted, irregular : the fifth segment or lip
dissimilar to the others, arched, and longer than the column,
articulated with the tube, moveable. Column erect, adnate to the
side of the tube where the labellum is. Lobes of anthers one
above the other, divaricate. Stigmas 2, capillary. Capsule 1-
celled — A small glabrous plant, with the habit of Radiuta mille-
grana. Leaves alternate, petiolate, crowded at the tops of the
branches, intermixed with fascicles of flowers. The irritability
of the joint of the lip is analogous to that of the column in
Stylidium, and answers the same end, the protection of the
sexual organs at the time of flowering. In Levenhodkia the
labellum is deflexed when the flower is expanded, but from
its irritability when touched it rises up, and is applied with great
force to the erect immoveable column, which it covers by its
spoon-shaped lamina.
1 L. PUSI'LLA (R. Br. prod. p. 578.) ©.? G. Native of
New Holland, on the south coast.
Least Levenhookia. PI. 1 to 2 inches.
Cult. See Stylidium above for culture and propagation.
III. FORSTE'RA (in honour of John Reinald Forster, and
his son George Forster, who both accompanied Captain Cook
in his second voyage in the quality of naturalists). Lin. nov. act.
ups. 3. t. 9. Swartz, in Schrad. journ. 1799. 1. t. 1, 2. f. 2.
Phyliachne, Forst. char. p. 58.
LIN. SYST. Gyndndria, Diandria. Calyx superior, of 2-3
sepals, girded by an involucrum composed of 2-3 leaves.
Corolla tubularly campanulate, 5-6-parted. Column of genitals
straight, bearing 2 2-celled anthers at top, which dehisce trans-
versely. Stigmas 2, roundish, covered by the revolute valves
of the anthers. Capsule inferior, 1-celled, many-seeded. Pla-
centa central, free.
1 F. EDIFOLIA (Lin. nov. act. ups. 3. t. 9.) leaves imbricated,
ovate-oblong, coriaceous, marginated, smooth, recurved ; pe-
duncles terminal, solitary, elongated, 1 -flowered; involucrum
short, spreading. J? . G. Native of New Zealand.
Edible-leaved Forstera. Shrub.
2 F. MUSCIFOLIA (Swartz, in Schrad. journ. 1779. 1. t. 1, 2.
f. 2.) leaves imbricated, erect, lanceolate, triquetrous, and mu-
cronated at the apex, having the keel and margins serrulated ;
flowers terminal, solitary, sessile ; involucrum exceeding the
calyx. fj . G. Native of Terra del Fuego. Phyliachne
uliginosa, Forst. char. p. 58. and Lin. fil. suppl.
Moss-leaved Forstera. Shrub.
Cult. See Stylidium above for culture and propagation.
ORDER CXXXVI. GOODENO'VIJS (this order contains
plants agreeing with Goodenia in important characters). R. Br.
prod. p. 573 — Genera of Campanulacese, Juss.
Calyx superior (f. 124. a.) or semi-superior (f. 126. a.), rarely
inferior, 5-cleft (f. 124. a. f. 125. a.), sometimes 5-3-parteil,
sometimes short, entire, and sometimes obsolete, usually equal,
rarely unequal, permanent. Corolla monopetalous (f. 124. 6.
f. 125. A.), more or less irregular, deciduous or marcescent ;
tube cleft on the back (f. 125. h.), sometimes 5-parted, and
only adhering with the ovarium at the base, while that of the
calyx is free; limb 5-parted (f. 124. b. f. 125. h.\ bilabiate
(f. 124. b.}, or unilabiate (f. 126. 6.); disks of the segments
lanceolate, flat : having the sides thinner in texture and elevated,
induplicate in aestivation, rarely obsolete or wanting. Stamens
5, free ; from the corolla and style (f. 125. c.), alternating with
the segments of the corolla; filaments distinct (f. 125. c.) ;
anthers distinct or cohering, linear, vertical, fixed by the base,
undivided, 2-celled ; cells dehiscing lengthwise ; pollen usu-
ally simple, but sometimes compound. Ovarium 1-2-celled,
rarely 4-celled, sometimes furnished with a gland between
the 2 anterior filaments; ovula definite or indefinite. Style 1,
simple, rarely divided ; stigma fleshy, obtuse, or 2-lobed, girded
by a rather membranous, entire or 2-lobed, cup-shaped indu-
sium. Capsule 2-celled or half 2-celled, (rarely 4-celled); dis-
sepiment usually parallel, rarely contrary to the valves, which
are entire or bipartite ; having the axis seminiferous when the
seeds are indefinite : but when the seeds are definite, there is one
in each cell. Seeds sometimes nucumentaceous, but usually
with a thickish testa. Albumen fleshy, conforming to the seeds,
rarely deficient. Embryo erect, almost the length of the albu-
men, with middle-sized usually foliaceous cotyledons, and an
inconspicuous plumule. — Non-lactescent herbs or shrubs, usu-
ally clothed with simple and sometimes with glandular down,
rarely with stellate down. Leaves scattered, exstipulate, sim-
ple, usually undivided, sometimes lobed, and often toothed.
Inflorescence terminal or axillary, variable. Flowers distinct,
rarely aggregate, yellow, blue, and purplish, rarely reddish.
Nearly related to Campanulacete and Lobeliacece, from which
it differs in the aestivation of the flower, and in the peculiar in-
GOODENOVI.E. I. GooDt«iA.
723
dusium to the stigma, and which exists in a remarkable degree
in the sect. Brunoniece. Upon the nature of the indusium of the
stigma, Mr. Brown makes the following remarks : — " Is this
remarkable covering of the stigma merely a process of the apex
of the style ? or is it a part of distinct origin, though intimately
cohering with the pistillum ? On the latter supposition, may it
not be considered as analogous to the glandular disk, surround-
ing or crowning the ovarium in many other families ? And in
adopting the hypothesis I have formerly advanced, respecting
the nature of this disk in certain families — merely that it is com-
posed of a series of modified stamina — has not the part in ques-
tion a considerable resemblance, in apparent origin and division,
to the stamina of the nearly-related family Stylidece ? To render
this supposition somewhat less paradoxical, let the comparison
be made especially between the indusium of Brunonia and the
imperfect anthers in the female flowers of Forstera. Lastly,
connected with this view, it becomes of importance to ascertain
whether the stamina in Stylidece are opposite to the segments of
the calyx or corolla. The latter disposition would be in favour
of the hypothesis. This, however, is a point which will not be
very easily determined, the stamina being lateral. In the mean-
time, the existence and division of the corona faucis in Styli-
dium render it not altogether improbable that they are opposite
to the segments of the corolla." R. Br. in Lin. trans. 12.
p. 134.
Synopsis of the genera.
TRIBE I.
Goodeniece. Seeds indefinite.
1 GOODE'NIA. Calyx superior ; limb 5-parted (f. 124. a.),
with equal segments. Anthers distinct. Style simple. Cap-
sule 2-celled (rarely 4-celled), with a parallel dissepiment, which
in some species is short. Seeds imbricated, compressed. Corolla
bilabiate, rarely unilabiate (f. 124. c.).
2 DISTYLIS. Calyx superior, with a 5-parted limb. Corolla
deciduous, having the tube cleft on the upper side, with a 5-
parted, spreading, sub-bilabiate limb. Stamens distinct. Style
bipartite. Indusium of stigma cup-shaped, and ciliated. Cap-
sule half bilocular. Seeds imbricated, compressed, bordered.
3 CALOGYNE. Calyx superior, with an equal 5-parted limb.
Corolla bilabiate. Anthers distinct. Style trifid. Gland epi-
gynous between the 2 lower filaments. Capsule almost 1-
celled, from the dissepiment being short. Seeds imbricated,
compressed.
4 EUTHA'LES. Calyx inferior, with an unequal 5-cleft limb.
Corolla adhering to the tube below the ovarium, cleft on the
upper side, with a bilabiate limb. Style undivided. Indusium
of stigma bilabiate. Capsule 4-valved, 2-celled at the base.
Seeds imbricated, compressed.
5 VELLE'IA. Calyx inferior, of 3-5 unequal leaves. Corolla
having the base of the tube adnate to the ovarium, and cleft on
the upper side at the apex ; limb bilabiate. Anthers distinct.
Style undivided. Gland epigynous between the 2 anterior fila-
ments. Capsule 2-celled at the base ; valves bipartite. Seeds
imbricated, compressed.
6 LECHENAU'LTIA. Calyx superior (f. 125. a.). Corolla
with the tube cleft on the upper side (f. 125. A.). Anthers at
first cohering. Stigma obsolete, bilabiate (f. 125. d.}, in the
bottom of the indusium. Capsule prismatic, 2 celled, 4-valved.
Seeds cubical or nucumentaceous.
7 ANTHOTIUM. Calyx superior, 5-parted. Corolla having
the tube cleft on the upper side, and the limb bilabiate ; seg-
ments of the upper lip auricled on the inner side. Anthers
cohering. Ovarium 2-celled, many-seeded. Indusium of stigma
contrary to the lips of the corolla.
TRIBE II.
SC.SVOLE.S:. Seeds definite. Drupe inferior.
8 SCJEVOLA. Corolla cleft on the upper side, exceeding the
genitals ; limb unilabiate, secund, 5-parted, with equal winged
segments. Anthers free. Indusium of stigma ciliated.
9 DIASPA'SIS. Corolla nearly regular, salver-shaped ; tube 5-
parted, inclosing the genitals. Anthers free. Ovarium 1 -celled,
2-seeded. Indusium of the stigma with a naked border. Nut
corticate.
10 DAMPIE'RA. Corolla bilabiate (f. 126. a.), having the
tube cleft on the upper side (f. 125. d.) ; segments of the upper
lip auricled on the inner margin. Anthers cohering (f. 126. rf.).
Ovarium 1 -seeded. Indusium of the stigma with a naked border,
(f. 126. c.). Nut crustaceous.
TRIBE III.
BRUNONIE'*. Utriculus superior, 1-seeded.
11 BRUNONIA. Heads of flowers involucrated. Calyx 5-
cleft, and furnished with 4 bracteas. Corolla monopetalous,
funnel-shaped ; limb 5-parted, having the 2 superior segments
more deeply divided. Stamens 5, hypogynous. Anthers con-
nate. Indusium of stigma 2-valved. Utriculus inclosed within
the indurated tube of the calyx.
TRIBE IV.
CAMPANIE\S. Corolla campanulate, regular. Capsule 3-4-
celled, many-seeded.
12 PENTAPHRA'GMA. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla 5-lobed, re-
gular. Stamens 5. Indusium of stigma 3-lobed.
Tribe I.
GOODENIE'jE (this tribe contains plants agreeing with
Goodenia, in the capsules being many-seeded). Capsules
2-celled, containing an indefinite number of seeds.
I. GOODE'NIA (named in honour of Dr. Goodenough, bi-
shop of Carlisle, a lover of natural history, and author of a
Monograph of the genus Carex, published in the Linnaean Tran-
sactions). Smith, in Lin. trans. 2. p. 347. Labill, nov. holl. 1.
p. 52. t. 75. R. Br. prod. p. 575.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx superior, with a
5-parted limb (f. 124. a.) and equal segments. Anthers dis-
tinct. Style simple. Capsule 2-celled (rarely 4-celled), with
a parallel dissepiment, which is sometimes short. Seeds im-
bricated, compressed. — Herbs, rarely subshrubs, usually cau-
lescent. Leaves alternate, entire, toothed or cut. Flowers
4z 2
724
GOODENOVI^E. I. GOODENIA.
axillary or terminal ; pedicels bibracteate or bractless. Corollas
usually yellow, although sometimes blue and purplish, bilabiate,
rarely unilabiate; segments winged, rarely wingless ; wings in-
duplicate in aestivation ; tube sometimes furnished with a little
nectariferous sack, which is opposite to the fissure of the corolla,
adnate to the ovarium. Anthers cohering before expansion,
beardless, rarely bearded at the apex. Capsule variable in
form, with the top for the most part superior ; valves entire or
bipartite.
SECT. I. OCHROSA'NTHUS (from wxpoe. ochros, yellow, and
avBoe, anthos, a flower; colour of flowers). Corolla bilabiate,
yellow; segments winged. Capsule 2-celled, or almost 1-celled
from the dissepiment being short. Stigma parallel with the lips
of the corolla.
§ 1. Peduncles terminal, spicate or panided; pedicels bibrac-
teate.
1 G. BELLIDIFOLIA (Smith, in Lin. trans. 2. p. 349.) stem
naked ; spike nearly simple, downy ; corolla clothed with simple
down outside ; radical leaves flat, lanceolate-spatulate, toothed
or cut. If.. G. Native of New South Wales, about Port Jack-
son. R. Br. prod. p. 573. Corolla yellow.
Daisy-leaved Goodenia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. ^
to | foot.
2 G. STELLIGERA (R. Br. prod. p. 575.) stem nearly
naked ; spike almost simple, downy ; corolla clothed with simple
hairs and stellate down outside ; valves of capsule bipartite ;
radical leaves fleshy, semi-terete or linear, glabrpus, a little
toothed at the apex. If. . G. Native of New South Wales, about
Port Jackson. Corolla yellow.
SteWate-haired Goodenia. PI. \ to f foot.
3 G. PANICULA'TA (Smith, in Lin. trans. 2. p. 348. R. Br.
prod. p. 575.) stem few-leaved ; panicle almost simple, downy ;
ovarium beset with glandular and simple hairs ; radical leaves
long-lanceolate, a little toothed or cut. %. G. Native of New
South Wales, about Port Jackson. Cav. icon. 6. p. 5. t. 507.
Corollas yellow.
Panic/erf-flowered Goodenia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI.
1 foot.
4 G. HU'MILIS (R. Br. prod. p. 575.) stem few-leaved ; panicle
simple, downy ; ovarium beset with acute hairs ; radical leaves
long-lanceolate, a little toothed. If.. G. Native of New Hol-
land, on the south coast. Corollas yellow.
Humble Goodenia. PI. \ foot.
5 G. ORA'CILIS (R. Br. 1. c.) plant glabrous ; stem few-leaved ;
panicle simple ; ovaries glabrous ; corolla clothed with glandular
down outside ; radical leaves linear-lanceolate, elongated, thick-
ish. T/.G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Lodd.
bot. cab. t. 1032. Corollas yellow.
Slender Goodenia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. Pll^ft.
6 G. DECU'RRENS (R. Br. 1. c.) plant quite glabrous ; stem
many-leaved ; spike racemose, divided a little at the base ; co-
rolla downy outside ; cauline leaves oblong, toothed, decurrent.
T;. G. Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson. Corollas
yellow.
•Decwrmzt-leaved Goodenia. PI. 1 foot. ?
§ 2. Peduncles axillary, trifid or simple ; pedicels bibrac-
teolate.
7 G. ACUMINA'TA (R. Br. prod. p. 575.) suffruticose, erect,
glabrous, painted ; peduncles trifid or trichotomous ; leaves
ovate, acuminated, dentately serrated, with beardless axils ;
calycine segments flat, one-half shorter than the capsule, which
is prismatic ; seeds disposed in 2 rows. Tj . G. Native of New
South Wales, about Port Jackson. Corollas yellow. Like the
following, and probably only a variety of it.
Acuminated-leaved Goodenia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
8 G. OVA'TA (Smith, in Lin. trans. 2. p. 347. R. Br. 1. c.)
suffruticose, erect, glabrous, sometimes painted ; peduncles trifid
or trichotomous ; leaves ovate, acute, dentately serrated, bearded
in the axils ; calycine segments subulately filiform, a little shorter
than the capsule, which is linear ; seeds disposed in one series.
V} . G. Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson and the
south coast, as well as of Van Diemen's Land. Andr. bot. rep.
t. 68. Vent. eels. t. 3. and in mem. de 1' institut. sc. phys. 2.
p. 321. pi. 10. Cav. icon. 6. p. 4. t. 506. Corollas yellow.
Ovate-leaved Goodenia. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1793. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
9 G. VA'RIA (R. Br. prod. p. 576.) suffruticose, glabrous ;
peduncles trifid or simple ; leaves obovate and obtuse, or ovate
and acutish, toothed, coriaceous, with naked axils ; calycine seg-
ments shorter than the stamens ; corollas and styles glabrous ;
capsule ovate, fj . G. Native of New Holland, on the south
coast.- Corollas yellow.
Var. a ; leaves obovate and oval, a little toothed, attenuated at
the base ; branches flexuous : stems diffuse.
Var. ft ; leaves roundish, almost sessile, toothed ; peduncles
usually 1 -flowered; stems depressed.
Var. y ; leaves oval, acutish, toothed ; peduncles 3-flowered ;
stem erect.
Variable Goodenia. Shrub ^ to 2 feet.
10 G. GRANDIFLORA (Sims, bot. mag. 890. R. Br. prod. 576.)
plant herbaceous, erect, clothed with glandular pubescence ;
peduncles trifid, trichotomous or simple ; branches angularly
striated ; lower leaves lyrate : rameal ones rather ovate, acute ;
style longitudinally woolly. If. . G. Native of New South Wales,
about Port Jackson. Corollas yellow.
Great-flowered Goodenia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1803. • PI.
2 to 3 feet.
11 G. HETEROPHY'LLA (Smith, in Lin. trans. 2. p. 349. R.
Br. prod. p. 576.) plant herbaceous, erectish, downy, intermixed
with glandless hairs ; leaves ovate, cut or lobed ; bracteas one-
half shorter than the upper half of the one-flowered peduncle;
style glabrous. If . G. Native of New South Wales, about
Port Jackson. Cav. icon. 6. p. 6. t. 508. Corollas pale red.
Furious-leaved Goodenia. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 ft.
12 G. ROTUNDIFOLIA (R. Br. prod. 576.) plant herbaceous,
erectish ; leaves roundish, deeply serrated, membranous ; brac-
teas longer than the upper half of the one-flowered peduncle ;
styles glabrous ; capsules ovate. If. . G. Native of New South
Wales, about Port Jackson ; and of New Holland, within the
tropic. Corollas yellow.
Var. a ; plant quite glabrous, erectish.
Var. ft ; plant downy ; hairs simple, sometimes diffuse.
Round- leaved Goodenia. PI. 1 foot.
13 G. BARBA'TA (R. Br. prod. p. 576.) plant herbaceous?
erect, clothed with glandular down, scabrous ; leaves lanceolate-
linear, entire; peduncles 1-flowered ; throat of corolla bearded;
styles longitudinally hairy; capsule 1-celled, 2-3-seeded. If..
G. Native of New South Wales, about Port Jackson, and of
Van Diemen's Land. Corollas yellow.
Bearded Goodenia. PI. 1 foot. ?
14 G. LANA'TA (R. Br. prod. p. 577.) plant herbaceous,
downy, glandless, almost stemless ; branches prostrate ; leaves
obovate or oval, obtuse, a little toothed, hairy ; young leaves and
ovaria woolly ; peduncles scape-formed ; corolline segments cili-
ated on the margins. Tf. . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land.
Corollas yellow.
Woolly Goodenia. PI. prostrate.
15 G. GENICULA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) plant herbaceous, downy,
GOODENOVIiE. I. GOODEMA.
725
glandless ; stem erect, sometimes short ; leaves long-lanceolate,
a little toothed ; peduncles scape-formed, elongated, when bear-
ing the fruit geniculately compressed. "H.. G. Native of New
Holland, on the South Coast.
Genicttlated-pedimcled Goodenia. PI. 1 foot. ?
16 G. HEDERA'CEA (Smith, in Lin. trans. 2. p. 349. R. Br.
1. c.) plant herbaceous, downy, glandless, almost stemless ;
branches filiform, prostrate ; leaves oval, toothed ; radical leaves
sometimes lobed ; peduncles 1-3-flowered ; corolline segments
naked on the margins. I/ . G. Native of New South Wales,
about Port Jackson, and of Van Diemen's Land. Corollas yellow.
Ivy-like Goodenia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. prostrate.
17 G. GLA'BRA (R. Br. prod. p. 577.) plant herbaceous, gla-
brous, almost stemless ; branches prostrate ; radical leaves
somewhat oval and spatulate, few-toothed : rameal leaves almost
sessile; pedicels 1 -flowered ; corollas glabrous outside. I/.
G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Corollas yellow .
Glabrous Goodenia. PI. prostrate.
§ 3. Peduncles bractless, axillary or terminal, \-Jlon-ered.
18 G. MOLLIS (R. Br. 1. c.) peduncles axillary; leaves ovate,
subcordate, acute, serrated, villous, soft ; tube of corolla sac-
cate. ~H . G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Corollas yellow.
Soft Goodenia. PI. -|- to 1 foot ?
19 G. ELONGA'TA (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 52. t. 75.) pilose;
peduncles solitary, axillary and nearly terminal, elongated, re-
flexed while bearing the fruit ; stem erect, filiform ; radical
leaves oblong-spatulate, toothed : cauline leaves lanceolate,
nearly entire, attenuated at the base. 7/ . G. Native of Van
Diemen's Land. R. Br. prod. 577. Corollas yellow.
Elongated-peduncled Goodenia. PI. 1 foot.
20 G. HI'SPIDA (R. Br. prod. 577.) plant erect, beset with
strigose hairs ; cauline leaves sessile, elongated, lanceolate, a
little toothed ; peduncles solitary, axillary, elongated, erect
while bearing the fruit; calyxes hispid. 7£. G. Native of
New Holland, within the tropic. Corollas yellow.
Hispid Goodenia. PI. 1 foot. ?
21 G. CORONOPIFOLIA (R. Br. 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves linear:
radical ones pinnatifidly toothed : cauline ones quite entire, and
the seminal ones permanent ; peduncles almost solitary, alter-
nate, erect while bearing the fruit. Tf.. G. Native of New
Holland, within the tropic. Corollas yellow.
Buck-horn-leaved Goodenia. PI.
22 G. TENE'LLA (R. Br. 1. c.)
plant rather downy, intermixed FIG. 124.
with a few adpressed hairs ;
stem simple or wanting ; radical
leaves flat, lanceolate or spatu-
late ; peduncles radical or ter-
minal, elongated, erect while
bearing the fruit. I/ . G. Na-
tive of New Holland, on the
South Coast. Sims, bot. mag.
1137. Erithodes tenella, Ait.
hort. kew. Corollas yellow.
Slender Goodenia. PI. \ to
J foot.
23 G. FILIFORMIS (R. Br.
prod. p. 578.) plant smoothish ;
stem simple ; radical leaves fili-
form.: cauline leaves smaller ; peduncles terminal, subumbel-
late. 1{.. G. Native of New Holland, on the South Coast.
Corollas yellow.
/Wj/brm-leaved Goodenia. PI. -J foot.
SECT. II. TETRATHY'LAX (from rerpat, tetras, four-fold ; and
6v\a£, thylax, a cell : capsule 4-celled). Corolla bilabiate, yel-
low, having the segments winged. Capsule 4-celled.
24 G. auADRiLocutA'Ris (R. Br. prod. p. 578.) plant glabrous,
erect ; leaves nearly oval, toothed ; flowers spicate or axillary.
%. G. Native of New Holland, on the South Coast.
Four-celled-fruited Goodenia. PI.
SECT. III. PORPHYRA'NTHUS (from iroptyvptos, porphyreos,
purple ; and avQos, ant/ios, a flower ; colour of flowers). Co-
rolla bilabiate, purple or blue, having the segments winged.
Capsule 2-celled, or half 2-celled. Stigma parallel with the
lips of the corolla.
25 G. PURPURA'SCENS (R. Br. 1. c.) plant glabrous ; panicle
effuse ; stem naked ; leaves radical, elongated-lanceolate. TJ. .
G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Corolla purple.
/>ur/)/e-flowered Goodenia. PI. £ foot.
26 G. PTERIGOSPE'RMA (R. Br. 1. c.) plant glabrous ; stem
almost simple, few-flowered ; flowers alternate ; radical leaves
linear, a little toothed : cauline ones smaller, remote ; calyx
bluntish, and is, as well as the ovarium, glabrous, y.. G.
Native of New Holland, on the South Coast. Corollas blue or
purple.
Wing-seeded Goodenia. PI. -j foot. ?
27 G. COERU'LEA (R. Br. 1. c.) plant glabrous ; partial stems
or branches nearly simple, few-flowered ; radical leaves linear :
cauline ones remote ; calyxes acute, and are, as well as the
ovaria, glandular. 7{. G. Native of New Holland, on the
South Coast. Corollas blue.
/J/«e- flowered Goodenia. PI. ^ foot.
28 G. INCA'NA (R. Br. 1. c.) plant clothed with hoary tomen-
tum ; partial stems or branches almost simple, few-flowered ;
cauline leaves remote, oblong-linear; corollas woolly on the out-
side, as well as the ovaria. 1J. G. Native of New Holland,
within the tropic. Corollas blue or purple.
Hoary Goodenia. PI. ^ foot. ?
SECT. IV. MONOCHILA (from povog, monos, alone ; and \ei\oy,
cheilos, a lip, in reference to the unilabiate corolla). Corollas
unilabiate, having the segments winged. Stigma 2-lobed, having
the indusium ciliated, and contrary to the lip of the corolla.
29 G. SCAPI'OERA (R. Br. 1. c.) plant glabrous, erect ; leaves
toothed ; spike terminal, pedunculate ; segments of the calyx
subulate, longer than the ovarium, which is tubuliferous on
one side. !(.. G. Native of New Holland on the South Coast.
yar.a; common peduncle elongated, scape-formed; leaves
linear-lanceolate, elongated.
Var. /3 ; common peduncle not elongated ; leaves oval-lan-
ceolate.
Scape-bearing Goodenia. PI. -j foot. ?
30 G. VI'SCIDA (R. Br. 1. c.) plant glabrous, painted, erect ;
leaves lanceolate, toothed; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, very
short; stigma bifid. Tj.. G. Native of New Holland, on the
South Coast.
Viscid Goodenia. PI.
SECT. V. SELLIE'RA (named after Natali Sellier, a Spanish
artist). Selliera, Cav. icon. 5. p. 49. t. 47. f. 2. Corolla
subunilabiate, purplish, having the segments wingless, and val-
vate in aestivation.
§1. Peduncles bibracleate. Indusium of stigma with a naked
border. Capsule fleshy.
31 G. RE'PENS (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 53. t. 76.) plant gla-
brous, creeping ; leaves lanceolate, fleshy. I/ . G. Native of
New Holland, on the South Coast, and about Port Jackson ; and
of Van Diemen's Land ; and of Chili, about Talcaguana, in humid
sandy places by the sea shore. Selliera radicans, Cav. icon. 5.
GOODENOVIjE. I. GOODENIA. II. DISTYLIS. III. CALOGYNE. IV. EUTHALES. V. VELLEIA.
726
p. 49. t. 474. f. 2. G. radicans, Pers. ench. 1. p. 195. Lysi-
pomia serpens, Kunz, Poeppig, pi. chil. 3. p. 34. no. 103. Per-
haps a proper genus. Flowers variegated with white and blue.
Stem woody, glabrous.
Creeping Goodenia. PI. creeping.
\ 2. Peduncles bractless. Indusium of the stigma ciliated.
Capsule membranous.
32 PUMILIO (R. Br. prod. p. 579.) plant creeping, downy ;
leaves ovate, membranous: upper ones crowded ; peduncles 1-
flowered, from the axils of the upper leaves. Tf.. G. Native
of New Holland, within the tropic. Corolla purplish. Perhaps
the corolla is unilabiate, or probably nearly regular.
Z)n>ar/Goodenia. PI. creeping.
Cult. All the species of this genus are worth cultivating for
ornament. They grow freely in a mixture of sand, loam, and
peat ; and young cuttings of most of the species strike root
freely in the same kind of soil, under a hand-glass ; and all may
be raised from seed, which ripen plentifully.
II. DI'STYLIS (from &e, dis, twice, and ari/Xoc, stylos, a
style ; in reference to the style being bipartite). Gaud, in Freyc.
voy. pt. bot. p. 45. t. 80.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx adnate to the
ovarium ; limb free, 5-parted. Corolla deciduous, with the tube
cleft behind, 5-parted, spreading, somewhat bilabiate ; segments
with winged margins. Stamens 5, distinct. Style bipartite.
Indusium of stigma membranous, cup-shaped, and ciliated.
Capsule crowned by the permanent calyx, semi-bilocular in con-
sequence of the dissepiment being short ; valves parallel. Seeds
imbricate, compressed, orbicular, girded by a membranous bor-
der. — An annual hairy plant, with almost simple stems. Leaves
alternate, toothed. Flowers axillary, solitary, on long peduncles,
racemose, bractless, yellow.
1 D. BEHARDIANA (Gaud. 1. c.). O- G. Native of New
Holland, on the Western Coast, in Sharks' Bay. Goodenia Ber-
ardiana, Gaud.
Berard's Distylis. PI. | foot.
Cult. Rear the seeds in a frame in the spring, and about the
end of May put the plants out into the open border in a warm
situation.
III. CALO'GYNE (from xaXos, kalos, beautiful, and yuyjj,
gune, a female ; in reference to the stigma). R. Br. prod.
p. 579.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx superior ; limb
5-parted, with equal segments. Corolla bilabiate. Anthers dis-
tinct. Style trifid. Gland epigynous between the 2 lower
filaments. Capsule subunilocular from the dissepiment being
short. Seeds imbricate, compressed. — A pilose annual herb,
with the habit of Goodenia, and when dry having an odour like
that of vernal grass. Leaves toothed or cut ; floral ones auri-
culated at the base. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, bractless,
reflexed while bearing the fruit — This genus is separated from
Goodenia alone from the trifid style ; each division being fur-
nished with an indusiate stigma.
1 G. PILOSA (R. Br. 1. c.). Q . G. Native of New Holland,
within the tropic.
Pilose Calogyne. PI. ^ foot.
Cult. Sow the seeds of this plant in spring, in a pot filled
with a mixture of sand, loam, and peat, and place it in a hot-bed;
and when the plants are of sufficient size, plant them separately
into other pots.
IV. EUTHA'LES (from e«, eu, well, and
sprout). R. Br. prod. p. 579.
, thallo, to
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx inferior, tubular,
5-cleft, unequal. Corolla adhering to the tube beneath the
ovarium, cleft on one side at the apex ; limb bilabiate. Anthers
distinct. Style undivided. Indusium of stigma bilabiate. Cap-
sule 4-valved, 2-celled at the base. Seeds imbricated, com-
pressed.— A stemless herb, with the habit and inflorescence of
Velleia. The corolla in this genus and Velleia is semi-superior,
and joined with the calyx at the base. The genus is interme-
diate between Goodenia and Velleia, but differs from them in the
calyx being tubular.
1 E. TRINE' RVIS (R. Br. prod. 580.). I/. G. Native of New
Holland, on the South Coast. Velleia trinervis, Labill. nov.
holl. 1. p. 54. t. 77. Goodenia tenella, Andr. rep. t. 466. Sims,
bot. mag. 1137. Corolla pale yellow.
Three-nerved-leaveA Euthales. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1803.
PI. 1 foot.
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand is the best soil for
this plant ; and it must be but sparingly watered, as it is very
delicate, and apt to damp off. It is increased, but sparingly, by
dividing, and by seed.
V. VELLE'IA (named after Major Velley, who paid much
attention to the marine Algae). Smith, in Lin. trans. 4. p. 217.
R. Br. prod. p. 580.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx inferior, 3-5-
leaved, unequal. Corolla having the tube joined with the ova-
rium at the base, and cleft on the upper side at the apex ; limb
bilabiate. Anthers distinct. Style undivided. Gland epigy-
nous between the 2 anterior filaments. Capsule 2-celled at the
base ; valves bipartite. Seeds imbricate, compressed. — Stem-
less herbs. Leaves radical, subspatulate, usually toothed, but
sometimes lyrate. Scapes dichotomous, with the most of the
axils floriferous. Bracteas opposite, foliaceous, sometimes large,
and sometimes connate. Upper segment of the calyx broad,
and often toothed at the base. Corolla yellow, adhering at the
base, beneath the gibbosity or spur. Style somewhat tetragonal.
Indusium of stigma large.
SECT. I. MENOCERAS (from fj.tvta, meno, to abide ; and Kcpas,
keras, a horn ; in reference to the permanent spur). R. Br. prod,
p. 580. Calyx 5-leaved. Corolla spurred at the base: spur
permanent.
1 V. PARADOXA (R. Br. prod. p. 580.) plant downy; leaves
bluntly toothed. "If. . G. Native of New South Wales, about
Port Jackson ; on the south coast of New Holland ; and of Van
Diemen's Land. Lind. bot. reg. 971. Corolla yellow.
Paradoxical Velleia. Fl. July. Clt. 1824. PI. £ foot.
2 V. ARGU'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) plant glabrous ; leaves sharply
toothed. I/ . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Corolla yellow.
S/iar/j-toothed-leaved Velleia. PI. \ foot.
SECT. II. VELLEVLE-VEVR.E (this section is supposed to contain
the true species of the genus). R. Br. prod. 580. Calyx 3-
leaved. Corolla rather gibbous on one side at the base.
3 V. LYRA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) glabrous ; bracteas of the forks
distinct ; leaves lyrate or deeply toothed at the base ; segments
of the calyx ovate-orbicular. TJ.. G. Native of New South
Wales, about Port Jackson. Ker. bot. reg. 551. Corollas yellow.
Zyrate-leaved Velleia. Fl. April. Clt. 1819. PI. | foot.
4 V. SPATULA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) glabrous ; bracteas of the forks
distinct ; leaves spatulate, almost toothless, but quite entire at
the base, with the axils bearded. I/ . G. Native of New
South Wales, about Port Jackson ; and of New Holland, within
the tropic. Juss. ann. inus. 18. t. 1. Corolla yellow.
Spatulate-\eaved Velleia. Fl. April. Clt. 1825. PI. ^ foot.
GOODENOVI.<E. V. VELLEIA. VI. LECHENAULTIA. VII. ANTHOTIUM. VIII. SC*:VOLA.
727
5 V. PUBE'SCENS (R. Br. prod. p. 581.) downy; bracteas of
the forks distinct ; leaves toothed ; segments of the calyx ob-
long-ovate, acute. I/ . G. Native of New Holland, within the
tropic. Corolla yellow.
Donny Velleia. PI. | foot. '
6 V. PERFOLIA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) glabrous ; bracteas of the
forks large, connate, roundish, toothed. I/ . G. Native of New
South Wales, about Port Jackson. Corolla yellow.
Po/oftate-bractead Velleia. PI. ^ foot.
Cult, The soil recommended for the two preceding genera is
also suited for the species of Vellem ; and they may be increased
by seeds, which are sometimes produced in this country.
VI. LECHENAU'LTIA (named after M. Lechenault, a
French botanist and traveller). R. Br. prod. p. 581.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx superior (f.
125. a.). Tube of corolla cleft on one side (f. 125. h.) ; limb
bilabiate (f. 125. z.). Anthers cohering (f. 125. c.) at the time
the flower is expanded. Grains of pollen compound. Stigma
obsolete, in the bottom of the bilabiate indusium (f. 125. _/.).
Capsule prismatic, 2-celled, 4-valved ; opposite valves septiferous
in the middle. Seeds cubic or cylindrical, nucumentaceous. —
Small glabrous heath-like shrubs, rarely herbs. Leaves narrow,
quite entire. Flowers axillary or terminal, almost solitary.
The pollen in all the species is composed of 4 combined sperules.
§ 1. Small shrubs, rvilh heath-like leaves. Flowers axillary or
terminal. Capsule valvate. Seeds cubic.
1 L. FORMOSA (R. Br. prod. p. 581.) flowers axillary, soli-
tary, bractless, drooping ; corollas bilabiate, glabrous ; upper
lip of corolla rounded, entire ; lower ones tripartite : segments
cuneated ; filaments glabrous. ^ . G. Native of New Hol-
land, on the south coast. Sweet, fl. austr. 20. Flowers scarlet.
//andsowe Lechenaultia. Fl. June.Sept. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 ft.
2 L. OBLA'TA (Sweet, fl. austr.
t. 46.) flowers axillary and ter-
minal, solitary, bractless, rather
drooping ; corollas bilabiate,
downy outside : upper lip 2-
lobed : lower one tripartite : seg-
ments oblate ; filaments clothed
with downy tomentum. ^ • S.
Native of New Holland, on the
south coast. L. formosa, Lindl.
bot. reg. t. 916. Hook. hot. mag.
t. 2600. L. Baxter!, G. Don, in
Loud. hort. brit. p. 79. Flowers
copper-coloured, (f. 125.)
Oblate Lechenaultia.. Fl. April,
Aug. Clt. 18, '4. Shrub 1 foot.
3 L. TUBIFLOHA (R. Br. prod.
581.) flowers nearly terminal,
solitary, almost sessile ; corolla tubular, curved, with a conniving
limb ; leaves subulate, ending each in a pellucid point. Tj . G.
Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Tube-Jlowered Lechenaultia. Shrub 1 foot.
4 L. EXPA'NSA (R. Br. 1. c.) flowers axillary, crowded into a
few-flowered corymb ; pedicels bibracteate ; limb of corolla uni-
labiate, with ciliated segments. Jj . G. Native of New Hol-
land, on the south coast.
Expanded- fiovfered Lechenaultia. Shrub 1 foot.
§ 2. Plant herbaceous. Flowers op-papite the leaves. Capsule
slowly valvate; valves cohering, coarclate at the neck. Seeds
cylindrical.
5 L. FILIFO'RMIS (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves alternate, compressed,
filiform. 1J..G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
FIG. 125.
.Fi7z/br»»-leaved Lechenaultia. PI.
Cult. The species of Lechenaultia are elegant plants while
in blossom. They thrive best in a mixture of turfy loam, peat,
and sand ; and young cuttings strike root freely in the same kind
of mould under a hand or bell-glass.
VII. ANTHOTIUM (from avOoe, anthos, a flower, and ouc
wroc, ous otos, an ear ; in reference to the segments of the su-
perior lip of the corolla being auriculated on the inner margin).
R. Br. prod. p. 582.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx superior, 5-parted.
Tube of corolla cleft lengthwise on the upper side ; limb bila-
biate ; segments of the upper lip auriculated on the inner mar-
gin. Anthers cohering. Grains of pollen simple. Ovarium
2-celled, many-seeded. Indusium of stigma contrary to the lips
of the corolla, beardless. Capsule unknown. — A glabrous dwarf
stemless herb. Leaves radical, nearly terete, dilated a little at
the base. Scapes numerous, spreading, undivided. Flowers
crowded in fascicles. Bracteas foliaceous. Corolla violaceous,
5-parted, with the margins of the claws loose and truly in-
flexed.
1 A. HD'MILE (R. Br. 1. c.) l/.G. Native of New Holland,
on the south coast. There are two varieties of this plant, one
twice the size of the other in all its parts.
Humble Anthotium. PI. -| foot.
Cult. See Vellela, above, for culture and propagation.
Tribe II.
SCjEVO'LE^E (this tribe contains plants agreeing with Scce-
vola in important characters). R. Br. prod. p. 582. Seeds de-
finite. Drupe or nut inferior.
VIII. SCjEVO'LA (from scceva, the left hand ; in reference
to the form of the corolla). Lin. gen. no. 224. Juss. gen. 165.
R. Br. prod. p. 582. — Lobelia species. Plum. gen. t. 31.
Jacq. amer. 219. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 119. t. 25.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Corolla cleft longitudi-
nally on the upper side ; limb 5-parted, all to one side ; seg-
ments winged, about equal in size and shape. Anthers free.
Indusium of stigma ciliated. — Shrubs and herbs very variable in
habit. Down on hairs simple. Leaves alternate, rarely oppo-
site, hardly divided, often toothed. Inflorescence axillary or
disposed in a leafy spike. Ovaria bibracteate, usually 2-celled
(rarely 4-celled) ; cells 1-seeded; sometimes 1 -celled and 1-2-
seeded. Calyx 5-cleft, equal, sometimes obsolete. Corolla
white or blue, rarely yellow, deciduous, for the most part downy
outside ; wings of the segments often fringed at the base, rarely
longitudinally ; the fringe for the most part floccosely branched
at the top, and appears capitate to the naked eye ; tube villous
inside, and the throat beset with ramentae, which are disposed
in continuous lines, with the fringes of the segments. Stamens
flaccid after the dehiscence of the corolla, and falling off with
it. Anthers for the most part beardless, but sometimes bearded
at the apex. — This genus is divided into natural groups below.
Those species with 1-celled ovaria will probably constitute a
separate genus from those with 2-celled ovaria. — S. spinescens
has a very different habit from the other species, and is probably
a distinct genus, from the bracteas being deciduous, and the
wings of the segments of the corolla being fringed lengthwise,
but the mature fruit is not known.
SECT. I. SARCOCA'RPA (from <rap£ <rapk'oe, sarx sarkos, flesh ;
and (.-ap^oe, liarpos, a fruit ; in reference to the baccate fruit of
the species). Drupe baccate, 2-celled. Peduncles axillary, dicho-
tomous, bearing flowers in the forks, rarely 1 -flowered. Leaves
alternate, bearded in the axils. Shrubs, natives of the sea shore.
1 S. KCENI'GII (Vahl, symb. 2. p. 36.) cymes glabrous ; flowers
728
GOODENOVI&. VIII. SC^VOLA.
pedicellate in the forks of the peduncles ; calyx 5-parted, equal
in length to the ovarium ; leaves obovate, subrepand at the
apex, quite glabrous on both surfaces, as well as the branches.
\? . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic ; of the East
Indies, Cochinchina, and the Sandwich Islands, on the sea
shore ; and of RomanzofPs Island, in the South Sea. S. Lo-
belia, Lin. herb. Cerbera salutaris, Lour. coch. 136. Flowers
pale red or white.
Kcenig's Scaevola. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 ft.
2 S. PLUMIE'RI (Vahl, symb. 2. p. 3G.) cymes glabrous;
calyx with an entire margin ; leaves obovate, quite glabrous ;
calyx truncate. fj . S. Native of the West Indies, by the sea
shore. S. Lobelia, Willd. spec. 1. p. 956. Lobelia Plumieri,
Lin. spec. 2. p. 1317. Lobelia Americana, Willd. herb. no.
820. Plum. icon. 165. f. 1. Catesb. car. 1. t. 79. Flowers
white.
Plumier's Scaevola. Clt. 1 724. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
3 S. MOLLIS (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 8,9.)
shrubby, erect, densely clothed with down ; leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, glabrous above, and clothed with silky tomentum be-
neath, petiolate, glandularly denticulated, with bearded axils ;
peduncles shorter than the petioles, axillary, divaricate, with
flexuous few-flowered branches ; bracteoles subulate, recurved ;
corolla clothed with silky tomentum ; calycine teeth 5, very
short, obtuse, fj . G. Native of the Sandwich Islands. Very
closely allied to S. sericea, Forst. The whole plant is very
brittle.
Soft Scaevola. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
4 S. GAUDICHAU'DI (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot.
p. 89.) shrubby, erect, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, acute, nar-
rowed at the base, quite entire, rather falcate ; fruit axillary,
solitary, on short peduncles, somewhat racemose, crowned by
the blunt 5-toothed obtuse calyx, 2-seeded; bracteoles linear,
quite entire, fy . G. Native of the Sandwich Islands, at the
altitude of 1200 to 1500 feet. S. montana, Gaud, in Freyc.
voy. pt. bot. p. 460. but not of Labill.
Gaudichaud's Scaevola. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
5 S. CILIA'TA ; shrubby, erect, glabrous ; leaves rather
membranous, broad-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, acute,
with a few almost obsolete teeth on the margins, narrowed
into the short petioles, toothed at the base, with bearded axils ;
peduncles axillary, equal in length to the leaves or exceeding
them, 5-8-flowered, cymosely dichotomous ; bracteas linear ;
flowers sessile ; calycine teeth short, ciliated ; corolla glabrous
on the outside, and inside of the tube rather villous : segments
winged; style villous; drupe olive- formed, containing one 2-
seeded pyrenae. fj . G. Native of the island of O Wahu. S.
Chammissoniana, Cham, in Linnaea. 7. p. 22C. but hardly of
Gaud. Leaves 3^ inches long, and an inch broad.
G'itocrf-calyxed Scsevola. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
6 S. TACCA'DA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 146.) shrubby, with
smooth branches ; leaves sessile, obovate, rounded at the apex,
tapering much to the base, entire, shining, with bearded axils ;
peduncles axillary, solitary, 2 or 3 times forked. Jj . S. Native
of the East Indies, on the sea shore. Lobelia Taccada, Gaartn.
fruct. 1. p. 119. t. 25. Buglossum littoreum, Rumph. amb. 4.
t. 54. Flowers white, slightly fragrant, villous inside, and
shaggy round the mouth. Drupe size of a gooseberry, white
when ripe, 2-celled ; cells 1-seeded.
Taccada Scaevola. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1810. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
7 S. SERI'CEA (Forst. prod. no. 504.) cymes and corollas to-
mentose outside ; flowers pedicellate in the forks of the pedun-
cles ; calyx 5-parted, about equal in length to the ovarium ;
leaves obovate, entire or repand, clothed with soft tomentum on
both surfaces, and on the branches. V} . S. Native of New
Holland, within the tropic ; and of the Society Islands, on the
sea shore. Vahl, symb. 2. p. 37. R. Br. prod. p. 583. S.
Kcenigii, Lamark, aus. p. 108. Very like the two preceding
species, but differs in being tomentose. There are varieties of
this with more or less tomentose entire and repandly toothed
leaves, and with the style either glabrous or longitudinally villous.
Silky Scaevola. Shrub 2 to 3*feet.
8 S. CHAMMISSONIA'NA (Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. bot. p. 461.
t. 82.) shrubby, erect, glabrous ; leaves oblong, acuminated at
both ends, sharply denticulated, with bearded axils ; peduncles
axillary, dichotomous, about equal in length to the leaves, with
sessile flowers in the forks ; calyx short, 5-toothed ; corollas
downy ; drupe 2-celled. Jj . G. Native of the Sandwich
Islands.
Cliammisso's Scaevola. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
9 S. TOMENTOSA (Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. bot. p. 460. t. 81.)
shrubby, erect, clothed with brownish stellate tomentum ; leaves
soft, somewhat rhomboid-ovate, obtuse, sinuately toothed ;
flowers axillary, solitary, pedunculate ; calyx short, 5-toothed ;
corollas downy ; bracteoles unilateral, half connate, quite entire ;
fruit 2-seeded. Jj . G. Native of New Holland, on the western
coast, in Shark's Bay.
Tomentose Scaevola. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
10 S. MENZIESIA'NA (Cham, in Linnaea. 7. p. 227.) shrubby,
erect ; leaves obovate or lanceolate, obtuse or acutish, quite en-
tire, or a little serrated, narrowed into the petioles, bearded at
the axils, rather fleshy, downy beneath or glabrous; peduncles
shorter than leaves, bearing 3 flowers at the apex, and often only
one ; bracteas linear ; flowers sessile ; calycine teeth short,
ciliated ; corolla pilose outside or glabrous, villous inside, hav-
ing the segments hardly winged ; style villous ; drupe olive-
formed, 1-2-seeded. Tj . G. Native of O Wahu. Stamens
glabrous. Fruit 2-celled, fleshy.
Var. ft, glabra (Cham. 1. c.) leaves narrower, and more cu-
neated at the base, obtuse, mucronulate, nearly entire, glabrous
on both surfaces. Corollas glabrous on the outside.
Menzies' Scaevola. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
11 S. GLA'BRA (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 89.)
shrubby, erect, glabrous; leaves cuneate-obovate, obliquely
acuminated, on long petioles, with obscure remote glandular
denticulations, and bearded axils ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered,
naked, one-half shorter than the leaves; corolla glabrous, equal
in length to the teeth of the calyx. T; . G. Native of the Sand-
wich Islands. Very like S. Chammissoniana, Gaud.
Glabrous Scaevola. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
12 S. MONTA'NA (Labill. sert. cal. p. 41. t. 42.) cymes and
corollas tomentose ; flowers sessile in the forks of the corymb ;
leaves obovate-oblong, glabrous, rather coriaceous, fj . G.
Native of New Caledonia. Leaves entire, undulated or crenu-
lated, with silky hairy axils.
Mountain Scaevola. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
IS S. OPPOSITIFOLIA (Roxb, fl. ind. 2. p. 148.) leaves oppo-
site, on short petioles, elliptic, entire, smooth ; peduncles axil-
lary, few-flowered. Tj . S. Native of the Moluccas. A slen-
der shrubby species, very different in habit from S. Kcenigii.
Opposite-leaved Scaevola. Shrub.
SECT. II. XEROCA'RPA (from £»/poe, xeros, dry ; and Kapiroy,
karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the dry fruit of the species).
Drupe usually dry, 1-4-celled. Bracteas foliaceous, lateral,
permanent. Spikes terminal, but sometimes axillary.
§ 1. Leaves all or for the most part toothed or cut.
14 S. ATTENUA'TA (R. Br. prod. p. 583.) shrubby, erect,
pilose ; leaves lanceolate, toothed ; bracteas stretched, quite en-
tire ; corolla hairy outside, with the margins naked above ; styles
very villous. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Attenuated-leaved Scaevola. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
15 S. NITIDA (R. Br. prod. p. 584.) shrubby, erect, quite
GOODENOVI^E. VIII. SCJEVOLA.
729
glabrous ; leaves elliptic, sharply toothed ; bracteas toothed ;
corollas glabrous outside, with the margins villous above; styles
rather villous. f; . G. Native of New Holland, on the south
coast.
Shining-leaved Scaevola. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
16 S. CRASSIFOLIA (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 56. t. 79.) suffruti-
cose, ascending, quite glabrous; leaves elliptic, sharply toothed,
obovate-lanceolate, and are as well as the branches often painted;
bracteas entire ; indusium of stigma with a naked border. Tj . G.
Native of New Holland, on the south coast. Flowers white.
Thick -leaved Scsevola. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1805. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
17 S. GLOBULIFERA (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 55. t. 78.) suffru-
ticose, erect, glabrous? leaves lanceolate, few-toothed; bracteas
entire ; ovarium 4-celled. fj . G. Native of New Holland,
on the south coast. The fringe at the base of the wings of the
segments of the corolla, and the ramenta in the throat of the
corolla, are floccosely branched at the tops ; therefore they ap-
pear globular at the apex, hence the name.
Globule-bearing Scaevola. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
18 S. OVALIFOLIA (R. Br. prod. p. 584.) suffruticose, ascend-
ing ; leaves oval or elliptic, toothed ; bracteas rhomboid-ellip-
tic, very acute, nearly entire ; calyx obsolete ; style bearded at
the top on one side. Jj . S. Native of New Holland, within
the tropic.
Var. a, cinerdscens (R. Br. 1. c.) clothed with fine cinereous
tomentum ; corolla downy outside.
Var. p, glabra (R. Br. 1. c.) glabrous ; corolla beardless on
the outside.
Oval-leaved Scaevola. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
19 S. «VMULA (R. Br. 1. c ) plant herbaceous, erect; leaves
cuneated or obovate, toothed, smoothish ; spike simple; bracteas
lanceolate, nearly entire ; calyx lobed ; style glabrous below,
furnished on one side at the apex with a straight coloured beard,
which is equal in length to the indusium of the stigma ; ovarium
2-celled. y.. G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
It agrees with the figure given of the next species, except in
the lower bracteas of the spikes being many-flowered, while in
the present plant they are always 1 -flowered.
Emulating Scavola. PI. 1 foot.
20 S. CUNEIFORMS (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 56. t. 80.) plant
herbaceous, erect ? rather pilose ; leaves cuneated, toothed ;
spike divided at bottom into 2-3- flowered spikelets ; bracteas
lanceolate, entire ; calyx lobed ; style glabrous below, but fur-
nished with a straight beard on one side at the apex, which is
equal in length to the indusium of the stigma. y. . G. Native
of Van Diemen's Land. Flowers blue?
Wedge-formed-\eaved Scaevola. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 foot.
21 S. SINUA'TA (R. Br. prod. p. 584.) plant herbaceous,
diffuse, downy, with the hairs adpressed ; leaves obovate or
cuneated, toothed or sinuated ; spike compound : spikelets few-
flowered ; bracteas elliptic, entire ; calyx lobed ; style glabrous
below, but furnished at the apex on one side with a straight,
coloured beard, which exceeds the indusium of the stigma. 7£ .
G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast. An inter-
mediate plant between S. ce'mula and S. cuneiformis.
Sinuated-leaved Scaevola. PI. diffuse.
22 S. HU'MILIS (R. Br. prod. p. 585.) plant herbaceous,
ascending or diffuse, downy ; leaves sharply toothed : lower ones
obovate-cuneated : rameal ones lanceolate ; spike simple ; brac-
teas linear-lanceolate, a little toothed ; calyx lobed ; style fur-
nished with a straight coloured beard on one side at top, which
is equal in length to the indusiurn of the stigma ; ovarium 2-
celled. If. G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Humble Scsevola. PI. ascending.
23 S. MICROCA'RPA (Cav. icon. 6. p. 6. t. 509.) plant herba-
VOL. III.
ceous, downy ; leaves cuneated, oval, or orbicular, toothed,
attenuated at the base ; spike simple ; bracteas toothed ; calyx
lobed ; tube of corolla bearded inside ; hairs in the throat of
the corolla, acute, and capitate ; style longitudinally villous ;
ovarium 1-celled, 2-seeded. 7£. G. Native of New Soutli
Wales, about Port Jackson ; and of Van Diemen's Land. R. Br.
prod. p. 585. Good&nia albida, Smith, in Lin. trans. 2. p. 347.
Goodenia laevigata, Curt. bot. mag. 287. Willd. spec. 1. p. 954.
Flowers purple, with a white throat. This is a very polymor-
phous species, sometimes diffuse, and sometimes erect, varying
much in the consistence and form of the leaves.
Small-fruited Scaevola. Fl.May.Sept. Clt. 1790. Pl.£ to 1 ft.
24 S. PA'LLIDA (R. Br. prod. 1. c.) plant herbaceous, diffuse,
downy ; leaves toothed, attenuated at the base, cuneated or lan-
ceolate ; spike simple ; bracteas usually toothed ; calyx lobed ;
tube of corolla almost naked inside ; style glabrous ; ovarium
1-celled, 2-seeded. "U. G. Native of New Holland, on the
south coast. Like the preceding, but smaller in all its parts.
Pafe-flowered Scaevola. PI. diffuse.
§ 2. Leaves all or for the most part quite entire.
25 S. SUAVEVOLENS (R. Br. prod. p. 585.) plant herbaceous,
diffuse, downy ; leaves spatulate, fleshy, with bearded axils ;
bracteas linear-lanceolate ; ovarium 2-celled ; drupe baccate.
% . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast, and within
the tropic ; and of New South Wales, about Port Jackson.
Goodenia calendulacea, Andr. bot. rep. 22. Flowers blue.
Sweel-scented-fiowered Scaevola. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1793.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
26 S. CJESPITOSA (R. Br. 1. c.) plant suffruticose, erectish,
glabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, with rather recurved mar-
gins, a little toothed, with beardless axils ; calyx short, 5-lobed ;
ovarium 2-celled. I? . G. Native of New Holland, on the
south coast. In many points this species agrees with S. globu-
lifera, but differs in the ovarium being truly 2-celled.
Tufted Scaevola. Shrub 1 foot ?
27 S. REVOLU'TA (R. Br. prod. p. 586.) suffruticose, erect,
downy, greyish ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, sessile, with revo-
lute edges ; spike compact ; bracteas lanceolate, rather concave ;
calyx obsoletely crenated ; ovarium 2-celled. fj . S. Native
of New Holland, within the tropic.
Revolute-leaved Scaevola. Shrub 1 foot.
28 S. LINEA'RIS (R. Br. 1. c.) suffruticose, erect, much
branched, pilose, and scabrous ; leaves and bracteas linear, re-
curved on the margins ; spike terminal ; ovarium 1 -seeded. Tj .
G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Linear-leaded Scsevola. Shrub 1 foot.
29 S. PALUDOSA (R. Br. 1. c.) plant subherbaceous, erect, a
little branched, pilose, scabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, flat-
fish, about equal in length to the axillary spikes ; ovarium 1-
seeded. 1£. G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Marsh Scaevola, PI. 1 foot ?
30 S. ANGULA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) suffruticose, erect ; branches
angular; leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate; spikes seldom sim-
ple ; bracteas conforming to the rameal leaves ; calyx 5-cleft,
about equal in length to the 2-celled wrinkled ovarium. ^ . S.
Native of New Holland, within the tropic. There is a variety
of this having few-toothed leaves, usually quite glabrous, but
sometimes furnished with a few scattered hairs.
Angular-branched Scaevola. Shrub.
SECT. III. POCONANTHE'RA (from iriayuv, pogon, a beard : and
ui'flijpa, anthera, an anther : the anthers are bearded). Calyx
length of ovarium. Anthers bearded at the apex. Drupe nearly
dry. Herbaceous plants. Peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, elon-
gated, each furnished with 2 foliaceous permanent bracteas.
5 A
730
GOODENOVIJS. VIII. SC^VOLA. IX. DIASPASIS. X. DAMPIERA.
31 S. HISPIDA (Cav. icon. 6. p. 7. t. 510.) wings of the seg-
ments of the corolla veinless. TJ. . G. Native of New South
Wales, within the tropic. R. Br. prod. p. 586. Goodema ra-
mosissima, Smith, in Lin. trans. 2. p. 349. new holl. 15. t. 5.
Flowers lilac.
Hispid Scsevola. Fl. July. Clt. 1827. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
32 S. STRIA'TA (R. Br. prod. p. 586.) wings of the segments
of the corolla furnished with parallel veins. U- G. Native of
New Holland, on the south coast.
Striated Scaevola. PI. 1 foot ?
SECT. IV. CROSSOTOMA (from Kpooaos, krossos, a fringe ; and
rofia, toma, a section ; in reference to the fringed segments of
the corolla). Calyx obsolete. Wings of the segments of the
corolla fringed longitudinally. Peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered,
furnished with deciduous bracteas at the apex.
33 S. SPINE'SCENS (R. Br. prod. p. 586.) shrubby, spinescent;
leaves oval or obovate, quite entire, f? . G. Native of New
Holland, on the south coast.
Spinescent Scsevola. Shrub.
Cult. All the species grow freely in a mixture of turfy loam,
turfy peat, and sand ; and cuttings planted in the same kind of
soil, with a hand-glass placed over them, strike root readily ;
those of the stove species in heat.
IX. DIASPA'SIS (from liainraaie, diaspasis, a pulling asun-
der ; segments of corolla). R. Br. prod. p. 586.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Corolla almost regular,
salver-shaped, with a 5-parted tube. Genitals inclosed. An-
thers free. Ovarium 1-celled, 2-seeded. Indusium of stigma
with a naked border. Nut corticate. — An erect smooth branched
herb, besprinkled with a little simple down. Leaves alternate,
nearly terete. Peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, furnished with 2
leaves at the apex, in the manner of those of Sceevola hispida.
Flowers drooping. Calyx short, 5-cleft. Claws of corollas
connate at the base, and connected by very short capitate down
above. Wings of the broader laminae of the corolla ascend-
ing, with flat disks : the superior 2 dissimilar. Anthers beard-
less. Indusium of stigma somewhat 2-valved. Drupe dry,
1 -seeded. — This genus is nearly allied to Sccevbla, and particu-
larly to sect. 3. of that genus, with which it agrees in the in-
florescence.
1 D. FILIFOLIA (R. Br. prod. p. 587.) "13, . G. Native of New
Holland, on the south coast.
Thread-leaved Diaspasis. PI. 1 foot?
Cult. See Sccevbla above for culture and propagation.
X. DAMPIE'RA (named in memory of Capt. William Dam-
pier, R.N., the celebrated circumnavigator ; he paid great
attention to natural history in all his voyages). R. Br. prod.
587. Juss. ann. mus. vol. 18.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Corolla bilabiate (f. 126.
a.), having the tube cleft on the upper side (f. 126. c.) ; segments
of the upper lip auricled on the inner margin. Anthers closely
cohering (f. 126. d.). Ovarium 1 -seeded. Indusium of stigma
with a naked border (f. 126. c.). Nut crustaceous. — Arid
downy subshrubs or herbs : hairs usually of two forms ; the
longer ones in most of the species are branched, and rather plu-
mose ; and the shorter ones stellate. Leaves alternate, undivided,
or a little toothed, coriaceous. Flowers axillary or terminal,
sub-spicate or solitary ; bracteas small or wanting. Calyx short,
usually obsolete. Corolla blue or purple, 5-parted ; with the
margins of the claws truly inflexed, and the laminae hairy on the
outside : deciduous, but sometimes with the base permanent and
entire. Stamens remaining after the corolla has fallen ; anthers
beardless.
1 D. UNDULA'TA (R. Br. prod. p. 587.) suffruticose, erect,
tomentose ; leaves petiolate, roundish, toothed, undulated, sca-
brous above, longer than the peduncles, which are axillary and
2-4-flowered ; corolla bearded with black plumose villi outside.
(7 . G. Native of New South Wales, about Port Jackson.
Flowers blue.
Undulated-leaved Dampiera. Shrub 1 foot.
2 D. ROTUNDIFOLIA (R. Br. 1. c.) suffruticose, erect, tomen-
tose ; leaves petiolate, roundish, entire, flat, scabrous above,
very blunt at the base ; peduncles axillary, usually 1 -flowered,
very short : terminal ones subcorymbose ; corolla bearded with
black plumose villi outside. Tj . S. Native of New South
Wales, about Port Jackson. Flowers blue.
Round-leaved Dampiera. Shrub 1 foot.
3 D. OVAUFOLIA (R. Br. prod. FIG. 126.
p. 588.) suffruticose, erect,
clothed with scurfy tomentum ;
leaves petiolate, oval, nearly en-
tire, flat, scabrous above ; pe-
duncles 2-4-flowered, axillary,
about equal in length to the
leaves : terminal ones corym-
bose ; corollas bearded with
black plumose villi outside. 1? .
G. Native of New Holland,
about Port Jackson. Juss. ann.
mus. 18. t. 2. no. 1. Flowers
blue. (f. 126.)
Oval-leaved Dampiera. Fl.
Ju. Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 to
2 feet.
4 D. PURPU'REA (R. Br. 1. c.) suffruticose, erect, tomentose ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, acutely toothed, scabrous above ; pe-
duncles axillary, 1-3-flowered ; corollas bearded with black
plumose villi outside. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, about
Port Jackson. Flowers purple. In this and the preceding
species the outside of the corollas, as well as the peduncles, are
densely bearded with spreading plumose villi.
Par^e-flowered Dampiera. Shrub 1 foot.
5 D. FERRUciNEA (JR. Br. 1. c.) suffruticose, erect, tomentose ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, acutish, repandly toothed, 3-nerved at
base, smooth above in the adult state ; flowers almost terminal ;
corollas clothed with branched wool outside. Tj . S. Native of
New Holland, within the tropic. Flowers blue.
Rusty Dampiera. Shrub 1 foot.
6 D. HEDERA'CEA (R. Br. 1. c.) plant herbaceous, procumbent,
tomentose ; leaves for the most part petiolate, somewhat cor-
date, angularly cut : superior ones quite entire, glabrous above
in the adult state ; corollas bearded on the outside by spreading
plumose cinereous villi. If . G. Native of New Holland, on
the south coast. Flowers blue.
Ivy-like Dampiera. PI. procumbent.
7 D. INCA'NA (R. Br. 1. c.) suffruticose? erect? clothed with
hoary tomentum ; leaves sessile, obovate, quite entire. Tj . G.
Native of New Holland, on the western coast about Cape Lewin
and Wit's Land, where it was collected by Dampier and Baudin.
Hoary Dampiera. Shrub.
8 D. CUNEA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) plant herbaceous, erectish,
downy ; leaves sessile, toothed, obovate-cuneated, upper ones
elliptic-lanceolate, adult ones smoothish ; spikes pedunculate;
bracteas opposite ; flowers alternate ; corollas woolly on the
outside from simple spreading villi. I/ . G. Native of New
Holland, on the south coast. Flowers blue.
Cuneated-\enved Dampiera. PI. | to 1 foot ?
9 D. LINEA'RIS (R. Br. 1. c.) plant herbaceous, erect, downy ;
leaves sessile, for the most part linear and few-toothed, lower
ones cuneated, adult ones smoothish ; spikes pedunculate ;
GOODENOVLE. X. DAMPIERA. XI. BRUNONIA. XII. PENTAPHRAGMA. CAMPANULACE^E.
731
bracteas opposite ; flowers alternate ; corollas woolly outside
from simple spreading villi. I/ . G. Native of New Holland,
on the south coast. Flowers blue. In this and D. cuneata the
calyx is obsolete, the base of the corolla entire and permanent,
clothed with simple villi on the outside ; and the inflorescence is
peculiar in these two plants.
Linear-leaved Dampiera. PI. \ to 1 foot ?
10 D. FASCICULA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) plant herbaceous, erect ;
stem compressedly tetragonal ; leaves sessile, cuneated, a little
toothed, upper ones crowded in a verticillate manner, adult ones
glabrous and smooth on both surfaces ; peduncles in fascicles,
few-flowered ; corollas clothed with adpressed hairs outside :
branches of pili approximate and parallel. If. G. Native of
New Holland, on the south coast. Flowers blue.
Fascicled-pedunded Dampiera. PI.
1 1 D. OBLONGA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) plant herbaceous, erect ;
stem compressedly trigonal ; leaves sessile, oblong, entire, and
few-toothed, glabrous and smooth on both surfaces in the adult
state; peduncles almost terminal, very short, 1-3-flowered;
corollas clothed with adpressed pili on the outside : divisions of
pili approximate and parallel, y. . G. Native of New South
Wales, about Port Jackson. Flowers blue.
Oblong-leaved Dampiera. PI. \ to 1 foot ?
12 D. STRI'CTA (R. Br. prod. p. 589.) plant herbaceous, erect;
stem compressedly trigonal ; leaves sessile, cuneated, a little
toothed, scabrous above in the adult state; peduncles few-
flowered, axillary and terminal ; corollas clothed with adpressed
pili on the outside : divisions of pili parallel and approximate.
If. G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast, and about
Port Jackson ; as well as of Van Diemen's Land. Juss. ami.
mus. 18. t. 2. no. 2. Good^nia stricta, Smith, in Lin. trans. 2. p.
349. Flowers blue. This and the two preceding species are
very nearly allied, and are easily distinguished from the rest on
account of the peculiar hairs on the outside of the corolla.
Straight Dampiera. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1814. PI. 1 foot.
13 D. PARVIFOLIA (R. Br. prod. p. 589.) plant herbaceous,
erect, glabrous in the adult state ; stem compressedly trigonal,
panic-led ; leaves sessile : cauline ones linear-lanceolate, smooth :
upper rameal ones subulate ; flowers solitary, sessile ; bracteas
imbricated. If. G. Native of New Holland, on the south
coast. Flowers blue.
Smatt-leaved Dampiera. PI. 1 foot?
Cult. See Sccevbla, p. 730. for culture and propagation.
Tribe III.
BRUNONIE'TE (this tribe only contains the genus Brunbnia,)
Utriculus superior, 1-seeded.
XI. BRUNO'NIA (named by Sir James Edward Smith in
honour of Robert Brown, D.C.L. Cantab. F.R.S. V.P.L.S., &c.
&c., who is justly considered the first botanist in the world ;
author of Prodromus Florae Novas Hollandise et Insulac Van
Diemen, 1 vol. Lond. 1810, &c. &c.) Smith, in Lin. trans. 10.
p. 366, t. 28. R. Br. prod. p. 589. and in Lin. trans. 12. p. 132.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Heads of flowers invo-
lucrated. Calyx 5-cleft, furnished with 4 bracteas. Corolla
monopetalous, funnel-shaped ; limb 5-parted, the 2 superior
segments more deeply divided than the rest. Stamens 5, hypo-
gynous. Anthers connate. Ovarium 1-seeded. Indusium of
stigma 2-valved. Utriculus inclosed within the indurated
calyx, which spreads at top with plumose segments. Seed
without albumen. — Stemless herbs, with the habit of Sca-
bidsa, Jasione, and Globularia, downy from glandless simple
pili. Radical leaves quite entire, spatulate. Scapes undivided,
bearing each one head. Head hemispherical, lobate : lobes in-
volucrated by foliaceous bracteas. Flowers distinct, nigh a
whorl of 5 membranous bracteas, the fifth bractea rather dissi-
milar. Tube of calyx very short when in flower. Corolla
azure blue, marcescent, having the tube at length cleft. Fila-
ments almost hypogynous, permanent, inserted in the very short
stipe of the ovarium, which is only obvious after fecundation.
Anthers inclosed in the tube of the corolla. Stigma fleshy, re-
tuse, inclosed within the bifid indusium, which has a naked
border. This genus agrees in many points of structure with
Compositce, Campanulacece, Dipsacece, and Globularice.
1 B. SERICEA (Smith, in Lin. trans. 10. p. 366. t. 28. R. Br.
prod. p. 590.) leaves as well as the scapes silky from adpressed
villi ; calycine segments ending each in a thick coloured naked
point, y. . G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Flowers azure blue.
Silky Brunonia. PI. 1 foot.
2 B. AUSTRA'LIS (Smith, in Lin. trans. 10. p. 366. t. 28. R.
Br. 1. c.) leaves as well as the bottom of the scapes villous from
spreading hairs ; calycine segments plumose, with an acute apex.
If. G. Native of Van Diemen's Land and New Holland, on the
south coast. Flowers azure blue.
Southern Brunonia. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. See Scaevola, p. 730. for culture and propagation.
Tribe IV.
CAMPANIEV./E (from campana, a bell ; shape of flowers).
Corolla regular, campanulate. Capsule 3-4-celled, many-seeded.
XII. PENTAPHRA'GMA (from KCVTC, pente, five, and
typayfioe, phragmos, a dissepiment ; in reference to the 5 longi-
tudinal septa, or processes, from which the stamens spring).
Wall. cat. no. 1313. Alph. D. C. mon. camp. p. 95. — Phy-
teuma, Wall.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx semi-superior,
ovate, villous, 5-lobed ; lobes obtuse. Corolla campanulate,
permanent, inserted in the calyx ; with a recurved 5-lobed limb ;
lobes obtuse. Stamens 5, short. Anthers distinct, linear.
Ovarium surrounded by the calyx, and connected with it by 5
longitudinal septa or processes, from which the stamina spring,
3-4-celled, many-seeded. Placentas from the inner angle of the
cells. Style short, thick. Stigma concave, surrounded by the
thick fleshy 3-lobed indusium. Capsule 3-4-celled, combined
with the villous tube of the calyx in its lower part, and sur-
rounded by the segments. Seeds adhering to long filiform free
receptacles, which are attached to the apex of the capsule. — A
creeping woolly herb. Leaves alternate, broad, semi-cordate,
like those of some species of Begonia, petiolate, serrated,
acute, pretty smooth. Racemes axillary, secund, recurved,
twice the length of the petioles. Flowers unilateral, arrayed in
2 rows, nearly sessile. Corollas white.
1 P. BEGONLEFOLIA. If. S. Native of Pulo-Penang, in
forests. Phyteuma begoniaefolia, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 85.
Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 109. Stems villous. Leaves villous
beneath and glabrous above.
Begonia-leaved Pentaphragma. PI. creeping.
Cult. A mixture of vegetable mould and sand will be a
good soil for this plant ; and it will be easily propagated by
dividing the creeping stems.
ORDER CXXXVII. CAMPANULA'CE^E (this order con-
tains plants agreeing with the genus Campanula in the flowers
being bell-shaped; and in other characters). Campanuleae,
Alph. D. C. mon. p 97. Campanularum pars, Adan. fam. 2. p.
132. Campanulacearum pars, Juss. gen. p. 164. Campana-
cearum pars, Gis. ord. nat. Lin. no. 29. Campanulacea, §. 1.
R. Br. prod. p. 559. Campanulaceas et pars Lobeliacearurh,
Juss. ann. mus. 18. p. 1.
5 A 2
732
CAMPANULACEjE.
Calyx regular, of from 3 to 8 lobes, but usually of 5 lobes,
very rarely destitute of the limb. Corolla monopetalous, re-
gular, permanent, usually 5-lobed, rarely 3 to 8-lobed ; lobes
alternating with the calycine segments, each having a conspicuous
central nerve, valvate in aestivation. Stamens like the corolla,
inserted in the margin of the disc of the ovarium, and combined
with it, distinct from the corolla, but equal in number to its
segments, and alternating with them; filaments usually ex-
panded at the base and membranous, and bending towards the
base of the style above the disc ; anthers fixed by the base,
free, rarely more or less combined into a tube, 2-celled ; cells
dehiscing lengthwise when the flower is in bud ; pollen copious,
adhering, yellow or violaceous, and clothed with very short pa-
pillae. Style one, more or less hairy ; stigma naked (not covered
by an indusium, as in the order Sccevblece,), rarely capitate, but
usually divided into from 2 to 8 lobes, or as many lobes as
there are cells in the ovarium ; lobes erect while the flower is
in aestivation, pilose on the back, and hardly distinct, but they
diverge and become recurved and glabrous on the expansion of
the flower. Ovarium combined with the tube of the calyx, some-
times half superior, many-celled ; cells from 2 to 8 in number,
but usually 2, 3 or 5, (never 4, unless a monstrosity) opposite the
calycine lobes, and sometimes alternating with them. Capsule
many-seeded, dehiscing at the sides or apex, having the valves
usually septiferous in the middle. Seeds numerous, small, in-
serted in the placentas on the inner side of the cells. Albumen
fleshy. Embryo slender, straight, with opposite, ovate or roundish
small foliaceous cotyledons. — Usually milky herbs, rarely shrubs.
Leaves exstipulate, alternate, but sometimes opposite, rarely
entire, usually toothed or crenated, never fleshy ; the radical
ones often different from the cauline ones. Flowers rarely in-
volucrated, number and situation variable, terminal and axillary,
racemose, panicled or spicate, and glomerate, usually drooping ;
pedicels always reflexed in those species in which the capsules
burst at the base, but on the contrary they are erect in those
species whose capsules burst at the apex. — Corollas usually blue
or white, rarely yellow or purple.
Campanulaceae differ from Compositae in not having the
flowers in heads, in their usually distinct anthers ; in their
polyspermous fruit. It differs from Lobeliaceae in the regular
flowers, and in the usually distinct anthers, and from Gooden6-
viae in the flowers being regular, and in the want of an indusium
to the stigma. All the plants are pretty, and some highly orna-
mental. The roots of Camp. Rapunculus are used as a vege-
table under the name of Rampion.
Synopsis of the genera.
TRIBE I.
JASIONE/E. Capsule dehiscing at the apex. The plants con-
tained in this tribe are most frequent in the southern hemisphere.
§ 1. Corolla 5 -parted.
* Anthers combined.
1 JASIONE. Capsule 2-celled, inferior : valves dehiscing but
a very little way at top.— Herbs with capitate flowers.
* * Anthers distinct.
2 LIGHTFOOTIA. Stigmas filiform. Capsule 3-5-celled, half
superior ; when 5-celled the cells are opposite the stamens and
calycine segments. — African subshrubs or herbs.
3 CEPHALOSTI'GMA. Stigma capitate. Capsule 2-3-celled. —
Herbs.
4 CAMPAWM^A. Calyx without a limb. Stigmas ovate,
thick. Capsule 3-celled. — Herbs, with opposite leaves, and
large involucrated flowers.
§ 2. Corolla 3-6-cleft or 3-6-lobed at the apex. Anthers
always distinct.
* Capsule with the valves opening regularly.
5 CoDONOPsis. Calyx usually destitute of a limb. Corolla
5-lobed. Stamens 5. Stigmas 3, ovate, thick. Capsule 3-celled.
— Usually climbing glaucescent herbs, with opposite leaves.
6 CANARI'NA. Calyx and corolla 6-lobed. Stamens 6.
Stigmas 6. Cells of fruit opposite the stamens and calycine
segments. — Climbing glaucescent herbs, with opposite leaves.
7 PLATYCODON. Calyx and corolla 5-lobed. Stamens and
stigmas 5. Capsule 3-5-celled ; cells when 5 alternating with
the stamens and calycine segments. Seeds ovate, flat. — Rather
glaucescent herbs, with alternate or subopposite leaves, and large
campanulate corollas.
8 MICROCODON. Calyx and corolla 5-lobed. Stamens and
stigmas 5. Capsule 5-celled ; cells alternating with the stamens
and calycine segments. Seeds small, ovoid. — Humble herbs,
with narrow alternate leaves, and small cylindrical corollas.
9 WAHLENBE'RGIA. Calyx and corolla 3-5-lobed. Stamens
3-5 ; stigmas 2-5. Capsule 2-5-celled ; cells when 5 opposite
the stamens and calycine segments. Seeds small, usually ovoid.
Herbs usually with alternate and narrow leaves.
* * Capsule elongated, bursting at the top or opening by a pore.
10 PRISMATOCA'RPUS. Calyx and corolla 5-lobed. Stamens
5. Capsule 2-celled, naked, at length bursting irregularly at
trie apex. Seeds angular, thick. — Herbs or subshrubs, with
alternate narrow stiff" leaves, and axillary sessile flowers.
1 1 ROE'LLA. Calyx and corolla 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Cap-
sule 2-celled, always terminated by the permanent calycine seg-
ments, dehiscing irregularly at the apex. — Small shrubs, with
alternate narrow stiff" leaves ; and sessile, usually solitary, ter-
minal flowers.
TRIBE II.
CAMPANU'LEJE. Capsule dehiscing at the sides. — The plants con-
tained in this tribe are all indigenous to the northern hemisphere.
§ 1. Capsule dehiscing by valves, which are equal in number to
the cells.
* Corolla 5-8-parted.'
12 PHYTEUMA. Calyx and corolla 5-parted. Stamens 5.
Capsule 2-3-celled. Stigmas filiform. — Herbs, with small usually
glomerate flowers.
13 PETROMA'RULA. Calyx and corolla 5-parted. Stigma
CAMPANULACE^E. I. JASIONE.
733
capitate. Capsule 3-celled. — Herbs, with pinnatifid leaves, and
racemose flowers.
14 MICHAU'XIA. Calyx and corolla 8-parted. Stigmas 8, fili-
form. Capsule 8-celled.— Herbs, with the radical leaves pinnate.
* * Corolla 5-cleft or 5-lobed at the apex.
15 CAMPA'NULA. Corolla campanulate, funnel-shaped, or
broadly tubular. Nectarium none. Capsule 3-5-celled, not
elongated ; cells when 5 opposite the stamens and calycine seg-
ments.— Herbs variable in habit.
16 SPECULA'RIA. Corolla rotate. Nectarium none. Capsule
elongated, 3-celled. — Dwarf annual herbs, with sessile flowers.
1 7 TRACHE'LIUM. Corolla salver-shaped, with a very narrow
elongated tube. Nectarium wanting. Style only pilose at the
apex ; stigmas small, hardly distinct. Capsule 2-3 -celled, not
elongated. — Herbs.
18 ADENOPHORA. Corolla campanulate. Nectarium cylin-
drical, girding the base of the style. Stamens distinct. Cap-
sule 2-3-celled, not elongated. — Herbs.
19 SYMPHYA'NDRA. Corolla campanulate. Nectarium want-
ing. Anthers combined. Stigmas distinct. Capsule 3-celled,
not elongated. — Herbs.
§ 2. Capsule dehiscing laterally by numerous transverse Jis-
Isures
20
sule
20 MU'SSCHIA. Calyx and corolla 5-cleft. Stamens 5. Cap-
sule 5-celled ; cells alternating with the lobes of the calyx and
stamens. — A subshrub, with broad serrated leaves, and race-
mose yellow flowers.
f A genus doubtful whether it belongs to the order.
21 MERCIE'RA. Calyx 5-lobed, with a very hispid tube.
Corolla 5-lobed, with a narrow tube as in Trachelium. Stamens
5, free ; filaments long and slender. Stigmas 2, very short.
Capsule inferior, indehiscent? 1 -celled, containing probably
always 4 ovula in the bottom. — Cape shrubs, with the leaves of
Roella, and slender lateral flowers.
Tribe I.
JASIO'NE^E (this tribe contains plants agreeing with Ja-
sione in the dehiscence of the capsule). Capsule dehiscing at
the apex.
I. JASIO'NE (lacruvri, a name applied by Theophrastus to a
wild pot-herb, now unknown). Lin. hort. cliff, p. 426. gen. no.
1005. Juss. gen. p. 166. Lam. ill. t. 724. f. 1. Neck. elem. 1.
p. 232. Gessn. phyt. p. 104. t. 13. f. 896. Vent. tabl. 2. p.
475. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 101.— Ovilla, Adans. fam. 2. p. 134.
— Scabi6sa species, Lob. adv. nov. p. 232. — Aphyllantes, Da-
lech. hist. p. 864. &c.
LIN. SVST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
deeply 5-parted ; segments linear-lanceolate. Stamens 5, with
slender filaments, and with the anthers combined into a tube at
the base ; pollen blue or purplish. Style pilose from the middle
to the apex: the pili or hairs disposed in 10 rows ; stigmas 2,
short. Capsule 2-celled, spheroid or ovoid, dehiscing by a broad
hole at top, with very short valves. Seeds small, ovoid, shining.
— Dwarf herbs, with the habit of Scabiosa. Leaves alternate,
narrow. Flowers collected into terminal bracteated heads : the
flowers expanding from the top of the head.
1 J. MONTA'NA (Lin. spec. 1317.) stems erect, simple, terete;
leaves lanceolate, undulated, hairy ; peduncles naked ; bracteas
glabrous. O- H. Native of Europe, Siberia, and the north of
Africa, in sandy fields and heaths ; plentiful in Britain. (Ed.
fl. dan. 3. t. 319. Lam. ill. t. 724. f. 1. Curt. lond. fasc. 4. t.
58. Smith, engl. bot. 882. J. undulata, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 3. ex-
clusive of var. ft. — Lob. icon. 536. — Column, ecphr. 1. p. 226.
with a good figure. Stems ascending, leafy. Heads of flowers
globose. Corollas pale blue, and sometimes white.
Var. /3, maritima (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 102.) stems prostrate,
elongated, hoary, almost simple ; leaves thickish, pilose ; calyxes
hoary. (•). H. Native of the west of France, on the sea shore.
J. maritima, Duf. ined. in herb. D. C. J. montana y, Dub. et
D. C. bot. gall. p. 311.
Var. y, llttoralis (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 102.) plant humble,
tufted ; stems simple, ascending ; heads small ; bracteas ob-
tuse, rounded. O- H. Native of Sweden, in the sand by
the sea-side. J. montana littoralis, Fries, nov. fl. suec. pt. 2.
p. 29.
Var. S, prolifera (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) heads proliferous. O-
H. Native of Piedmont, about Lutetia.
Mountain or Common Sheep's Scabious, or Sheep's-bit. Fl.
June, July. Britain. PI. ^ to I foot.
2 J. CORYMBOSA (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 131.) stems erect, branched,
angular ; leaves decurrent, oblong-linear, rather hairy, undu-
lated ; peduncles leafy ; bracteas pilose. $ . H. Native of the
kingdoms of Tangiers and Morocco, in sandy places. J. arena-
ria, Salzm. in herb. D. C. Root perpendicular. Heads of
flowers numerous, globose, terminating the branches ; stems
therefore somewhat corymbose. Corollas blue.
Corymbose-fiovfered Sheep's Scabious. PI. ^ foot.
3 J. PERE'NNIS (Lam. diet. 3. p. 216. ill. t. 724. f. 2.) stems
erect, simple ; leaves rather hairy : radical ones obovate : cau-
line ones oblong-linear, flat ; peduncles naked ; bracteas pilose
inside. 1£. H. Native of the Pyrenees, Dauphiny, Auvergne,
on the mountains, and elsewhere. Ker. bot. reg. 505. Sims,
bot. mag. 21.98. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 923. J. montana ft, Willd.
spec. 1. p. 888. J. lae'vis, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 3. J. montana,
Vill. dauph. 2. p. 670. exclusive of the synonyme. J. montana
ft, radici perenni, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 329. Root fibrous. Stems
glabrous or pilose, simple or branched from the base. Heads
of flowers large, subglobose. Corollas blue, pedicellate. This
is a very elegant plant when in blossom.
Perennial Sheep's Scabious. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1787. PI.
1 foot.
4 J. LUSITA'NICA (Alph. D. C. mon. 105.) stems branched,
diffuse ; leaves obovate-lanceolate, rather pilose, and somewhat
sinuated ; peduncles naked; bracteas smoothish. ~H. ? H.
Native of Portugal, about Lisbon. Plant dwarf. Stems rather
pilose, very leafy. Heads of flowers globose. Corollas blue.
Flowers few in each head.
Portugal Sheep's Scabious. PI. J foot.
5 J. HU'MILIS (Lois. not. p. 42. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. no. 2872.)
downy; stems ascending, simple; leaves linear-obovate, flat:
radical ones rosulate ; peduncles leafy. 1£ . H. Native of the
Eastern Pyrenees, in elevated dry pastures. J. montana, ft,
humilis, Pers. ench. 2. p. 215. exclusive of the synonyme of J.
foli6sa, Cav. J. perennis, ft, minor alpina, Lapeyr. abr. pyr. p.
103. J. montana, y, Lam. et D. C. fl. fr. edit. 3d. no. 2879.
J. undulata, ft, Lam. diet. 3. p. 215. Phyteuma crispa, Pourr.
act. tol. 3. p. 324. Plant tufted. Root simple. Heads of
flowers globose. Flowers sessile, blue.
Humble Sheep's Scabious. PI. -j feet.
6 J. FOLIOSA (Cav. icon. 2. p. 38. t. 148. f. 1.) glabrous;
stems ascending, simple ; radical leaves rosulate, rather spatu-
late : cauline ones linear- lanceolate. 1£. H. Native of Spain ;
plentiful near the top of Mount Orospeda, on the north side, in
the fissures of rocks ; and in the boundaries of the kingdoms
734
CAMPANULACE^E. I. JASIONE. II. LIGHTIOOTIA.
of Valencia and Murcia. Phyteuma ? rigidifolia, Duf. ined. in
herb. D. C. Root simple. Heads globose, few-flowered.
Flowers pedicellate, of a deep violet colour. This is a dwarf,
but very elegant plant when in blossom.
Leafy Sheep's Scabious. Fl. Aug. PI. 1 to 3 inches.
7 J. TRISTIS (Bory, ann. gen. 3. (1820.) p. 3.) stems prostrate,
diffuse, almost simple ; leaves alternate, rather spatulate, cili-
ately tomentose ; flowers in dense heads ; bracteas ovate, co-
loured. TJf. H. Native of Spain, on Sierra Nevada, at a place
called Valleta. Flowers of a greyish-blue colour.
iSW-coloured-flowered Sheeps' Scabious. PI. prostrate.
Cult. The species of Jaslone are all very elegant while in
blossom, and they are, therefore, well fitted for decorating the
front of flower-borders and rock- work. They grow best in light
soil, and are readily increased by parting at the root, by seed,
or by cuttings. Plants of all the kinds should be kept in pots,
so as to be placed under shelter in severe weather in winter, or
else they are liable to be killed, and the species lost to the
gardens.
II. LIGHTFOOTIA (named after the Rev. J. Lightfoot,
author of the first Flora Scotica). Lher. sert. ang. (1788.) p. 3.
Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 217. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 107. — Cam-
panula species, Thunb. prod. p. 38. Lin. fil. suppl. 141. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 915. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 474.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
usually S-parted, sometimes 5-cleft. Stamens 5 ; filaments
broad, ciliated ; anthers free, caducous. Stigmas 3-5, short,
filiform. Capsule 3-5-celled, usually half superior, dehiscing
by the valves at the apex ; cells, when 5, opposite the stamens
and calycine segments. Seeds ovoid-trigonal, minute. — Small
shrubs, rarely perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, and sometimes
opposite, sessile, small, scattered equally over the whole plant.
Flowers usually racemose, and on short pedicels ; pedicels erect
after the flowers begin to fade, and usually stiff. All natives of
the Cape of Good Hope, except one, which is a native of Mada-
gascar.
§ 1. Capsule 5-celled.
1 L. SUBULA'TA (Lher. sert. angl. t. 5.) stem ascending or
erect, rather woody, simple or branched ; leaves alternate,
erectish, subulate, narrow, somewhat denticulated ; flowers
racemose, on short pedicels ; corolla 5-parted, with the segments
rather longer than the calycine lobes ; valves acute, longer than
the entire base of the capsule. !{.. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope ; very common on the mountains about Cape Town.
Roam, et Schultes, syst. exclusive of the synonyme of Campanula
capillacea. Campanula subulata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 728.
Lightfootia, Burch. cat. pi. afr. austr. no. 284. Campanula
fruticosa, Lin. spec. 1. p. 238. ? Root simple, perpendicular.
Leaves numerous, stiff. Flowers numerous, terminal and axil-
lary, solitary, disposed along the branches in a racemose man-
ner, blue.
Subulate-leaved. Lightfootia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1787. PI. $ to
1 foot.
§ 2. Capsule 3-celled.
2 L. LONGIFOLIA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 108.) stem erect, quite
simple, woody at the base ; leaves alternate, erect, subulate, a
little denticulated ; flowers subspicate ; corolla 5-parted, having
the segments twice longer than the calycine lobes ; capsule
almost wholly inferior, with very short valves. 1|. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. L. linearis, Eklon, ined. in herb.
Dunant. Campanula sessiliflora, Lin. suppl. p. 139.? Thunb.
prod. p. 38. fl. cap. 2. p. 171. mem. acad. Petersb. 4. p. 367. t.
5. f. 1. Leaves stiff. Flowers numerous at the tops of the
branches, on short pedicels, 1-3 from each leaf or bractea.
Var. ft, canescens (Cham, in Linnasa. 7. p. 192.) stem, leaves,
and corollas clothed with hoary down ; leaves 4 lines long,
straight, with revolute edges ; inflorescence more loose than in
the species ; axillary flowers nearly sessile : terminal ones on
long pedicels.
Var. y, lanuginosa, (Cham. 1. c. p. 193.) corollas, inflores-
cence, and stem rather woolly from long white villi ; leaves 2
lines long, with finely -revolute edges, densely imbricated ; in-
florescence contracted, subcapitate.
Long-leaved Lightfootia. PI. 1 foot.
3 L. UNIDENTA'TA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 109.) stem erect,
woody, simple ; leaves alternate, erect, linear-lanceolate, acumi-
nated, toothed at the base : teeth 1-2 on each side, setaceous:
flowers loosely racemose ; corolla 5-cleft, having the segments
3 times longer than the calycine lobes ; valves obtuse, shorter
than the base of the capsule, f? . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Campanula unidentata, Thunb. prod. 39. Lin. fil.
suppl. p. 139. Thunb. mem. acad. petersb. 4. p. 371. t. 7.
f. 2. Stem reddish. Flowers terminating the branches, dis-
posed in loose racemes. Branches downy. Leaves revolute.
One-toothed-\eaveA Lightfootia. Shrub 1 foot.
4 L. ? ADPRE'SSA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 110.) stem erect,
woody, simple ; leaves alternate, reflexed, linear-lanceolate,
setaceously-toothed ; flowers panicled ; corolla semi-5-cleft.
twice longer than the calycine lobes. fj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Campanula depressa, Thunb. prod. p.
38. mem. acad. petersb. 4. p. 368. t. 7. f. 2. Leaves a little
decurrent, ciliated with white hairs at the base. Flowers pani-
cled on the upper part of the stem, which is leafless.
Addressed Lightfootia. Shrub 1 foot.
5 L. A'LBENS (Spreng. in Zeiher, fl. cap. exsic. p. 266.) stem
erect, woody, branched ; leaves alternate, usually in fascicles,
spreading, linear, very narrow, entire ; flowers loosely race-
mose ; corolla 5-parted, having the segments 3 times longer
than the calycine lobes ; valves acute, about equal in length to
the base of the capsule. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Campanulaceae, Burch. cat. geogr. pi. afr. no. 1720.
Flowers terminal and axillary, loosely racemose at the tops of
the branches.
Whitish Lightfootia. Shrub 1 foot.
6 L. TENE'LLA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 111. t. 3. f. B.) stem
erect, woody, branched ; leaves alternate, usually in fascicles,
reflexed, ovate, obtuse, thick, nearly entire ; flowers racemose ;
corolla sub-5-parted, having the segments twice longer than
the calycine lobes ; valves acute, equal in length to the base of
the capsule. Jj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Campanula tenella, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 141. Thunb. prod. p. 39.
mem. acad. petersb. 4. t. 7. f. 3. with a bad figure, Rcem. et
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 117. exclusive of the syn. L. oxycoccoides.
Roella recurva, Banks, herb. Roella filiformis, Poir. diet. 6. p.
232. but not of Lam. ill. Roella glabra, Poir. diet. 6. p. 232.
L. fasciculate, Eklon, in herb. Dunant. — Burch. cat. pi. afr. no.
2675. Flowers axillary and terminal, disposed in loose racemes
at the tops of the branches.
Slender Lightfootia. Shrub 1 foot.
7 L. FASCICULA'TA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 112.) stem erect,
woody, branched; leaves alternate, reflexed, ovate, acute, thick-
ish, remotely denticulated ; flowers in fascicles ; corolla 5-
parted, hardly longer than the calycine lobes. Jj . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Campanula fasciculata, Lin. suppl.
p. 139. Thunb. prod. 39. Lam. ill. 2524. Thunb. mem. acad.
petersb. 4. p. 372. t. 6. f. 1. Roella reflexa, Banks, herb.
Leaves very numerous. Stem rather hairy, purplish. Flowers
collected into round fascicles at the tops of the branches.
Fascicled-fiowered Lightfootia. Shrub 1 foot.
8 L. OXYCOCCOIDES (Lher. sert. angl. t. 4. exclusive of the
syn. Campanula tenella, Lin.) stem erectish or ascending, much
CAMPANULACE.&. II. LIGHTFOOTIA. III. CEPHALOSTIGMA. IV. CAMPANUJLEA.
735
branched, woody at the base ; branches diffuse ; leaves alter-
nate, reflexed, ovate-lanceolate, acute, thin, denticulated at the
base : flowers loosely racemose ; corolla 5-parted, having the
segments hardly twice the length of the calycine lobes ; valves
acute, equal to the base of the capsule, fj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope, on the Table Mountain. Smith, exot. fl.
2. t. 69. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 113. Lobelia tenella, Lin. mant.
p. 120. 'Plumb, prod, p. 40. Lobelia parviflora, Berg. cap.
345. Campanula Ottoniana, Roam, et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 113.
Branches purplish. Flowers terminal and axillary, at the tops
of the branches, white, with reddisli nerves.
Cranberry-like Lightfootia. Fl. July. Clt. 1787. Shrub
^ to 1 foot.
9 L. LANCEOLA'TA (Link, enum. 1. p. 217.) stem decumbent,
downy; leaves lanceolate, glabrous, furnished with 1 or 2 teeth;
peduncles downy ; calyx glabrous, one-half shorter than the co-
rolla. Fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. L. oxycoc-
coides, var. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 809. Corollas white and bluish,
larger than those of L. oxycoccoides.
Lanceolate-leaved Lightfootia. Fl. July. Clt. ? Shrub de-
cumbent.
10 L. MUSCOSA (Link, enum. 1. p. 217.) stem decumbent,
glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, glabrous, quite entire : rameal ones
opposite ; peduncles glabrous ; calyx shorter than the corolla.
Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. L. oxycoccoides,
var. Spreng. syst. 1. p. -809. Leaves 3-4 lines long, and half a
line broad. Corolla 2-3 lines long, whitish-blue.
Mossy Lightfootia. Shrub decumbent.
11 L. LODDIGE'SII (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 114.) stem decum-
bent, woody at the base, branched ; leaves alternate, somewhat
reflexed, ovate-lanceolate, acute, entire ; flowers loosely race-
mose; corolla 5-parted, having the segments 4 times longer than
the calycine lobes, tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
L. tenella, Lodd. hot. cab. t. 1038. Branches purplish.
Flowers axillary and terminal, disposed in loose racemes at the
tops of the branches. Corolla bluish.
Loddiges's Lightfootia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. Shrub
decumbent.
12 L. LYCOPODIOIDES (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 114.) branches
woody, simple, very leafy ; leaves alternate, and sometimes sub-
verticillate, erect, adpressed to the branches, linear, very narrow ;
flowers few, sessile ; corolla 5-parted, with the segments 3 times
longer than the calycine lobes. T? . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Leaves revolute on the margins. Flowers ses-
sile, usually 3 on the top of each branch, the middle one
expanding before the lateral ones.
Club-moss-like Lightfootia. Shrub 1 foot. ?
13 L. OPPOSITIFOLIA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 115.) branches
erect, slender, stiff, simple ; leaves opposite, somewhat reflexed,
linear, acuminated, narrow, slightly denticulated ; flowers few,
usually terminal ; corolla deeply 5-cleft, twice longer than the
calycine lobes. Pj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on
the Table Mountain. Campanula ericohles, Lam. Light-
footia, Burch, cat. geogr. pi. afr. austr. no. 606. Branches red-
dish. Flowers solitary, terminal, rarely axillary. Habit of L.
oxycoccoides. L. muscosa and L. lanceolata, Link, are probably
hardly varieties of this species.
Opposite-leaded Lightfootia. Shrub 1 foot. ?
14 L. RUBIOIDES (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 116.) branches pro-
cumbent, diffuse ; leaves opposite, spreading, or a little reflexed,
lanceolate, acute, remotely denticulated ; flowers few, terminal
and axillary ; corolla 5-parted, with the segments longer than
the calycine lobes, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Campanula rubioides, Banks, herb. Plant trailing, much
branched. Branches reddish. Leaves glabrous, or furnished
with a few white hairs. Flowers axillary and terminal, solitary,
at the extremities of the branches.
Madder-like Lightfootia. PI. trailing.
15 L. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 116.) stem
erect, woody at the base, simple ; leaves alternate, erect, linear-
acuminated, remotely denticulated ; flowers somewhat panicled ;
segments of the corolla, which is deeply 5-parted, about 3 times
longer than the calycine lobes ; capsule wholly inferior, with
short valves. fj . S. Native of Madagascar, where it was col-
lected by Commerson. Campanula Madagascariensis, Juss.
herb. Flowers at the top of the stem, and along one side of the
peduncles, about 10 towards the upper part of the stem.
Madagascar Lightfootia. PI. -J to 1 foot.
Cull. All the species grow freely in a mixture of loam, peat,
and sand ; and young cuttings strike root readily in the same
kind of soil, with a hand-glass over them.
III. CEPHALOSTI'GMA (from «0aX»), kephale, a head,
and erriyjua, stigma, a stigma ; in reference to the stigma, which
is capitate). Alph. D. C. mon. p. 117. — Campanula species,
Wall. herb. — Wahlenbergia species, Perrot. et Lepr. herb.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
5-parted ; segments alternating with the calycine lobes, and
longer than them. Stamens 5, free ; filaments broadest at the
base ; anthers 2-celled. Style usually exserted, more or less
hairy ; stigma simple, capitate, pilose. Capsule 2-3-celled, de-
hiscing by 2-3 short valves at the apex, which are septiferous in
the middle. Seeds numerous, small, ovoid, triquetrous.- — The
species of this genus have a habit intermediate between Wahlen-
bergia and Lightfootia, but differs from both these genera in
the capitate stigma ; but it has a capsule like that of the first,
and a corolla like that of the latter.
§ 1. Capsule half superior, 3-celled. Style rather shorter
than the segments of the corolla.
1 C. PANICULA'TA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 117.) stem herba-
ceous, much branched, leafy ; leaves ovate, acute at both ends,
broad, subsinuated ; flowers loosely panicled ; segments of co-
rolla 2 or 3 times longer than the calycine lobes ; capsule ob-
conical. O-? F. Native of the Burmese empire, about Prome,
on the banks of the Irrawaddi. Campanula paniculata, Wall,
mss. Stem hairy. Leaves downy beneath. Panicle much
branched; pedicels filiform, 1-flowered, glabrous.
Panicled-fiovtered Cephalostigma. PI. 1 foot.
§ 2. Capsule Z-celled, almost wholly inferior. Style rather
longer than the segments of the corolla.
2 C. PERROTTE'TII (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 118.) stems herba-
ceous, simple, leafy at the base ; leaves lanceolate ; flowers dis-
posed in a long raceme ; segments of corolla 3 times longer
than the calycine lobes ; capsule obovoid. (•)• F. Native of
Cape Verd, at Khana, in humid sandy places. Wahlenber-
gia, spec. herb. Lepr. and Perrott. Root simple. Stem leafy,
and pilose at the base. Leaves rather pilose, with white undu-
lated edges. Peduncles and pedicels glabrous.
Perroltet's Cephalostigma. PI. -J foot.
3 C. PRIEU REI (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 118.) stem woody,
humble, much branched, naked at the base ; leaves small,
linear ; flowers panicled ; segments of corolla hardly twice the
length of the calycine lobes ; capsule obconical. y. . S. Native
of Senegal, about Jonal, where it was collected by Leprieur and
Perrottet. Root simple. Branches very slender, many-flowered,
glabrous.
Le Prieur's Cephalostigma. PI. \ foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Microcodon, p. 737.
IV. CAMPANU'MvEA (altered from Campanula). Blum,
bijdr. p. 726. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 118.
CAMPANULACE^E. IV. CAMPANUM^EA. V. CODONOPSIS. VI. CANARINA.
736
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Flowers involucrated.
Involucrum 5-parted. Calyx hemispherical, combined with the
involucrum at the base, truncate at the apex, bearing the co-
rolla. Corolla 5-parted? (5-petalled, ex Blum.). Stamens 5,
free, opposite the lobes of the involucrum, inserted at the base
of the corolla or top of the calyx, and in the ovarium ; filaments
broadest at the base ; anthers 2-celled. Style inclosed, divided
into 3 ovate thick stigmas at the apex, which are pilose before
the expansion of the flower. Ovarium combined with the tube of
the calyx, 3-celled. Capsule globose, terminated by a broad flat
5 • angled umbilicus, which is girded by the cicatrices occasioned by
the falling of the corollas and stamens, many-valved, ex Blum.
Seeds very numerous, ovoid-cylindrical, dotted, inserted on the
thick placentas, which are inflexed on both sides, and situated at
the inner angle of the cells.— Quite glabrous lactescent herbs,
with tuberous roots, ex Blum. Stems and branches terete.
Leaves opposite, glaucescent beneath. Peduncles axillary and
terminal.
1 C. JAVA'NICA (Blum, bijdr. p. 727.) stem climbing ; leaves
on long petioles, ovate-cordate ; flowers solitary, scattered. %..
. S. Native of Java, in humid woods on the mountains of
Salak and Cede. Leaves 1-2 inches long, and 6-12 lines
broad. Flowers green, axillary, and terminal. Peduncles 1-
flowered.
Java Campanumaea. PI. cl.
2 C. CELE'BICA (Blum, bijdr. p. 727.) stem erect ; leaves on
short petioles, oblong-lanceolate; flowers subcorymbose, ter-
minal, y.. S. Native of Celebes. Leaves ovate, acute : su-
perior ones lanceolate, nearly entire, or serrulated.
Celebes Campanumaea. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. A mixture of sand, loam, and peat will be a good soil
for the species of Campanumcea ; and they are to be increased
by cuttings or seeds.
V. CODONO'PSIS (from icwiW, kodon, a bell, and oi^tc, opsis,
resemblance ; in reference to the shape of the flowers). Wall,
in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 103. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 120.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-lobed or trun-
cate. Corolla inserted in the top of the calyx, 5-lobed ; lobes
alternating with the calycine segments when there are 5. Sta-
mens 5, free, alternating with the lobes of the corolla ; filaments
broadest at the base ; anthers 2-celled, length of filaments.
Style inclosed ; stigmas 3, thick. Ovarium 3-celled, almost
combined with the whole of the tube of the calyx. Capsule
dehiscing by 3 acute valves at the apex, which are septiferous in
the middle. Seeds inserted in the inner angle of the cells to
a thick placenta, furnished with albumen and a straight em-
bryo.— Usually quite glabrous herbs, inhabitants of the north of
India on the mountains. Stems erect or scandent, and even
twining, branched, terete, rising from a woody root, probably
always. Leaves usually strictly opposite, ovate, acuminated,
not entire, on short petioles, glaucous, rarely hoary beneath.
Branches usually opposite, more or less articulated at their
origin. Flowers terminal and axillary, pedunculate, sometimes
involucrated. Corollas whitish, yellowish or deep purple. The
habit of the species is variable.
SECT. I. MEGASA'NTHES (from jueyac, megas, large, and avOoe,
anthos, a flowor ; in reference to the size of the flowers). In-
volucrum. none. Flowers large. Corolla firm, rather fleshy.
Calyx 5-cleft. Seeds ovoid-cylindrical.
1 C. VI'RIDIS (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 10S.) stem ascending, twin-
ing ; leaves alternate and opposite, downy, hoary beneath, a
little crenulated; corollas large, yellowish-green. 7J.. l"\ G.
Native of Nipaul, about Gosaingsthan, Kamaon, and in an ob-
scure wood on the top of Sheopore. Plant scandent, much
branched, with the habit of Convolvulus. Leaves ovate-oblong.
Flowers axillary and terminal, solitary, often opposite the leaves,
with an ungrateful scent.
Green-flowered Codonopsis. PI. twining.
2 C. PURPU'REA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 105.) stems
ascending, twining a little, manifestly articulated ; leaves strictly
opposite, glabrous, glaucescent beneath, a little crenulated;
corollas deep purple, y. . ? ^. G. Native of Nipaul, on the
mountains, towards the Himalaya. Leaves obovate-oblong.
Flowers solitary, usually terminal, and terminating axillary
branchlets.
Codonopsis. PI. twining.
SECT. II. MICROSA'NTHES (from fiucpof, micros, small, and
avdoc, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the small flowers).
Flowers small, white, involucrated. Calyx probably always
truncate. Seeds rather lenticular, small. Leaves strictly op-
posite, glabrous, glaucescent beneath.
3 C. TRUNCA'TA (Wall, cat. no. 1 301 .) stem erect; leaves sharply
serrated ; involucrum combined with the base of the calyx.
7/ .? S. Native of the Burman Empire, at Pingue on the banks
of the Irrawaddi. Stem branched ; branches stiffish. Leaves
ovate, acuminated. Flowers 2-6 on the top of each branch ;
pedicels terminal and axillary, 1 -flowered.
TYuncate-calyxed Codonopsis. PL 1 to 2 feet ?
4 C. PARVIFLORA (Wall. cat. no. 1300. Alph. D. C. mon. p.
123.) stem erect; leaves remotely and setaceously denticulated ;
involucrum distinct from the calyx. TJ..1 G. Native on the
Pundua mountains, on the north-east of Bengal. Stem branch-
ed ; branches opposite. Leaves ovate-acuminated. Flowers
small, numerous, and as if they were panicled ; peduncles tri-
chotomous or dichotomous.
Small-flowered Codonopsis. PI. 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Campanumeea above.
VI. CANARPNA (so named from the first species being a
native of the Canary Islands). Juss. gen. p. 164. Lam. ill. gen.
t. 259. Gaertn. fruct. suppl. p. 163. t. 211. Vent. tabl. 2. p.
470. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 123. — Canaria, Lin. mant. p. 148.
and p. 225.— Pernetya, Scop, introd. p. 150. Neck. elem. 1. p.
233. — Campanula species, Pluk. phyt. t. 276. f. 1. Tourn. inst.
1. p. 109. Lin. spec. 1. p. 168.
LIN. SYST. Hex&ndria, Monogynia. Calyx 6-cleft. Corolla
6-lobed at the apex, large, campanulate. Stamens 6, free ; fila-
ments thickest at the base, glabrous. Style inclosed, hispid
above, the hairs disposed in 12 rows. Stigmas 6. Capsule 6-
celled, dehiscing at the apex ; cells opposite the calycine lobes
and stamens. Seeds small, angular. — Large herbs, with thick
perennial roots : having the stem, leaves, and calyxes glaucescent,
and quite glabrous. Leaves opposite. Flowers terminal, soli-
tary.
1 C. CAMPANULA'! A (Lam. diet. 1. p. 598. ill. t. 259.) plant
glaucescent ; root tuberous, fusiform ; stems ascending ; leaves
hastately subcordate, irregularly toothed ; flowers solitary, ter-
minating axillary branchlets. "H.. G. Native of the Canary
Islands. Curt. bot. mag. 444. Gaertn. fruct. suppl. p. 63. t.
211. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 376. Herb. amat. t. 142. C. lasvigata,
G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 139. Canaria campanulata, Lin.
mant. p. 225. Campanula Canariensis, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 166,
Hill. veg. syst. 8. t. 8.— Lin. hort. cliff, p. 65. t. 8.— Pluk.
phyt. t. 276. f. 1. aim. p. 76. Flowers drooping, of a yellowish
purple or orange colour, having the nerves red.
Campanulate-fiovieTeA Canarina. Fl. Jan. March. Clt. 1696.
PI 3 to 4 feet.
2 C.? ZANQUEBA'RICA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 125.) stem
shrubby, scandent, branched; leaves hastately cordate, quite en-
CAMPANULACE^E. VI. CANARINA. VII. PLATYCODON. VIII. MICROCODON. IX. WAHLENBERGIA.
737
tire, glabrous ; flowers solitary, lateral. J? . S. Native of
Africa, on the coast of Zanquebar. C. Zanquebarica, Lour. coch.
p. 195. Flowers pale. This plant agrees with the present
genus in the calyx being 6-cleft, in the corolla being 6-lobed, in
the stamens being 6, and in the capsule being 6-celled ; but
differs in the capsule dehiscing at the base, not at the apex, in
the flowers being lateral, and in the leaves being alternate.
Zanquebar Canarina. Shrub climbing.
Cult. C. campanulata is very desirable, as it flowers
in autumn and winter, when few other plants are in bloom.
After flowering the stem dies down, and the root continues dor-
mant all the summer, when it needs but little water. When the
stem begins to push forth the plants had better be removed to the
stove, as they will not flower so abundantly in the green-house.
A light loamy soil, or a mixture of loam and peat, is the best
soil for it ; and the plant is readily increased by dividing at the
root or by cuttings, planted in the same kind of soil under a
hand-glass. The C. Zanguebdrica being a stove shrub will
grow in the same kind of soil recommended for the first species,
and will be easily increased by cuttings.
VII. PLATYCO'DON (from TrXari/c, platys, broad, and
KiaSiay, kodon, a bell ; in reference to the shape and breadth of the
flowers). Alph. D. C. mon. p. 125. — Campanula species, Jacq.
hort. vind. 3. p. 4. t. 2. Lam. ill. no. 2513. — Wahlenbergia
species, Schrad. cat. hort. gott. ann. 1814. — Campanula sect.
Codonia, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 735.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 127. c.).
Corolla 5-lobed at the apex (f. 127. d.~), large, funnel-shaped. Sta-
mens 5 (f. 127. a.), free ; filaments broadest at the base. Stigmas
3-5 (f. 127. 6.). Capsule 3-5-celled, dehiscing by 3-5 valves at
the apex, which are septiferous in the middle ; cells when 5 alter-
nate with the calycine lobes and stamens. Seeds ovoid, larger
than in any genus of the order, shining, but not angular. —
Perennial usually glaucescent herbs, natives of Eastern Asia.
Leaves alternate or nearly opposite, sessile, of a middle size ;
upper ones the smallest. Flowers few, terminal, solitary, pe-
dunculate.
1 P. GRANDIFLORUM (Alph. FIG. 127.
D. C. mon. p. 125.) plant quite
glabrous, glaucescent ; leaves
ovate -lanceolate, coarsely ser-
rated ; corollas large, somewhat
5-cleft ; stigmas 5, and capsule
5-celled. y.. H. Native of Da-
huiia. Gmel. Campanula grandi-
flora, Jacq. hort. vind. 3. p. 4.
t. 2. Curt. bot. mag. 252. Herb-
amat. t. 112. Campanula gen-
tianoldes, Lam. diet. 1. p. 781.
ill. 2513. Wahlenbergia grandi-
flora, Schrad. cat. hort. gott.
1814. diss. de gen. Blumenb.
p. 38. — Gmel. sib. 3. p. 153.
t. 28. — Amm. stirp. rar. ruth.
no. 16. p. 11. Stems simple. Corollas deep blue. Peduncles
terminal, (f. 127.)
Great-flowered Platycodon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1782. PI.
j to 1 foot.
2 P. HOMALLA'NTHINUM (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 126.) plant
rather pilose at the top ; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate ;
corolla deeply 5-cleft; stigmas 3; capsule 3-celled. I/. H.
Native of the east of Siberia, near Ijiga, ex Fisch. ; of
Kamtschatka, ex Redowsk ; and of China, ex Sir G. Staunton.
Stems simple. Leave's coarsely and unequally serrate-toothed,
VOL. in.
glabrous. Flowers usually 4-6, disposed in a loose raceme ;
pedicels hairy, 1 -flowered. Calyx hairy. Corolla downy.
Far. a, latifblium (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves broader, coarsely
serrated. Tf.. H. Campanula Redowskiana, Cham, et Schlecht.
in Linnaea.4. p. 41. Camp, homallanthina, Led. act. petrop. 5.
p. 524. Wahlenbergia Kruhsiana, Fisch. in herb. D. C.
Var. ft, angustifolium (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceo-
late, quite entire. I/ . H. Campanula homallanthina, Led. act.
petrop. 5. p. 524.
Enual-Jlowered Pfetycodon. PI. 5 to 1 foot.
Cult. These species of Plalycodon are neat elegant plants
when in blossom. They do best in pots in a mixture of sand
and peat, placed among other alpine plants ; they will also
grow very well planted in a peat border. We know of no way
of increasing them but by seeds.
VIII. MICROCO'DON (from picpoe, mikros, small, and
Kwliav, kodon, a bell ; in reference to the shape and smallness
of the flowers). Alph. D. C. mon. p. 127. — Campanula spec.
Eklon. — Wahlenbergia spec. Schrad.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
5-lobed at the apex, small, cylindrical, permanent. Stamens 5,
free ; filaments very slender, not expanded at the base. Style
filiform ; stigmas 5. Capsule 5-celled, dehiscing by 5 valves
at the apex ; cells alternating with the calycine segments and
stamens. Seeds ovoid, small, shining, but not angular. — Humble
annual herbs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves
alternate or nearly opposite, small, narrow, sessile : superior
ones rather the longest. Branches at the base of the plant oppo-
site and diverging. Flowers almost sessile. Tube of calyx
spherical and very hairy.
1 M. GLOMERAVTUM (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 127. t. 19.) stem
branched ; branches simple ; leaves linear, acuminated ; flowers
glomerate, terminal. O. H. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Campanula hispidula, Eklon, in herb. Dunant, but not
of Lin. Campanulaceas, Burch. cat. pi. afr, austr. no. 189.
Stems rather pilose. Leaves somewhat denticulated, rather
hairy.
Glomerate- fiowered Microcodon. PI. £ to -j foot.
2 M. SPARSIFLORUM (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 128.) stem branch-
ed : branches subdivided ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers
solitary. O- H- Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Wahlen-
bergia hispidula, Schrad. in herb. D. C. Campanula hispidula,
Link, enum. p. 215. Stem pilose. Leaves rather pilose.
Flowers solitary towards the tops of the branches, not terminal,
but rising from the axils of the upper leaves or bracteas.
Scattered-fiowered Microcodon. PI. \ foot.
Cull. The seeds of these plants should be raised on the hot-
bed ; and when the plants are of sufficient size they may be
planted out into the open border in May in a warm sheltered
situation.
IX. WAHLENBE'RGIA (named after George Wahlenberg,
M.D., author of Flora Lapponica, 1 vol. 8vo. Berlin, 1812,
Flora Carpathorum prsecipiorum, 1 vol. 8vo. Gottingen, 1814.
&c.) Schrad. cat. hort. gott. 1814. Roth, nov. spec. ind. orient.
p. 399. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 156. Schrad. diss. de gen.
Blumenb. &c. 1827. p. 37. (exclusive of Campanula grandiflora,
Jacq.) but not of Blum. — Campanula (Codonia), Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 735. — Schultesia, Roth, enum. pi. phan. germ. pars. 1827.
but not of Spreng. and others. — Cervicina, Delile, fl. d'egypt. p.
7. t. 5. f. 2. — Campanula (Campanopsis) R. Br. prod. p. 561. —
Campanula species, Lin. gen. 88. spec. 240. Juss. gen. 164.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 3-5-cleft (f. 128.
a.). Corolla 3-5-lobed at the apex (f. 128. &.), rarely divided
to the middle. Stamens 3-5, free ; filaments rather broadest at
5 B
738
CAMPANULACE^;. IX. WAHLENBERGIA.
the base. Style inclosed, pilose, but most so towards the upper
part. Stigmas 2-5 (f. 128. c.). Ovarium combined with the tuhe
of the calyx. Capsule 2-5-celled(f.l28.e.)each openingby so many
valves at the apex, which bear each a dissepiment in the middle.
Seeds very numerous, minute.— Herbs, rarely shrubs, for the
most part annual. Leaves usually alternate, rarely opposite,
generally most numerous towards the loner part of the plant.
Flowers for the most part on long peduncles ; pedicels drooping
at first, but when bearing the capsules are perfectly erect. The
species of this genus are most plentiful iruthe southern hemis-
phere, particularly at the Cape of Good Hope.
SECT. I. EDRAIA'NTHA (from eSpawt, edraios, sedentary, and
avdos, anlhos, a flower ; in reference to the flowers being sessile,
and usually capitate). Alph. D. C. mon. p. ISO. — Campanula
species, Lin. and others. Corolla and calyx 5-lobed. Stamens
5. Capsule 2-3-celled. Seeds ovate, flat — Humble perennial
herbs. Leaves alternate, narrow ; radical ones crowded ; cau-
line ones stem-clasping. Flowers sessile, usually capitate. —
Inhabitants of Italy and the adjacent countries.
* Plants caulescent. Flowers aggregate.
1 \V. GRAMINIFOLIA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 130.) stems and
leaves clothed with soft down ; leaves entire : radical ones linear
or linear-spatulate : cauline ones linear, and somewhat stem-
clasping ; bracteas ovate, acute, entire, rather downy ; tube of
calyx smoothish : but the lobes are downy, and the sinuses
are toothless. 11 . H. Native of Sicily ; south of Italy, even
to Rome ; and the Island of Zante. Campanula graminifolia,
Lin. spec. 1. p. 234. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. t. 206. but not of
Waldst. et Kit. — Barr. icon. t. 332. — Mor. ox. 2. p. 454. sect.
5. t. 1. f. 9. Cup. panph. 1. p. 736. — Bocc. icon. rar. p. 78.
f. 2. Mor. ox. 2. p. 461. sect. 5. t. 4. f. 41. Colum. phyt. p. 25.
t. 26. ed. 2. p. 118. t. 34. Flowers disposed in solitary, brac-
teated, terminal heaps. Corolla blue ; filaments white ; anthers
yellow.
Grass-leaved Wahlenbergia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1816, PI.
| foot.
2 VV. GARGA'NICA ; perennial, downy, canescent ; stems diffuse
or pendulous, simple ; leaves roundish, cordate : lower ones on
long petioles, deeply and unequally crenated : upper ones dentate ;
crenatures and teeth mucronate ; racemes loose, leafy ; pedicels
filiform, 1 -flowered; calycine segments lanceolate, acuminated,
reflexed. %. H. Native of Abruzzo, in the fissures of rocks on
Mount Gangano, now St. Angelo. W. flaccida, Presl, symb. p.
29. t. 18. but not of Alph. D. C.
Gargano Wahlenbergia. PI. diffuse.
3 W. KITAIBE'LII (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 131.) stems beset
with soft pili; leaves ciliated a little: radical ones linear-subu-
late, remotely denticulated; bracteas ovate, acuminated, den-
tately subserrated, ciliated with villi ; tube of calyx villous, and
the lobes subdenticulated, as well as the sinuses, and downy on
both surfaces. 7/. H. Native of Croatia, on chalky moun-
tains;^ and of Transylvania, in the fissures of calcareous rocks.
Campanula graminifolia, Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 2. p.
166. t. 154. exclusive of the synonymes. Host, fl. austr. 1. p.
268. exclusive of the synonyme of Camp, tenuifolia, Waldst. et
Kit. Plant tufted. Stems purplish. Radical leaves crowded.
Flowers disposed in terminal bracteated heaps. Corolla blue,
with a tinge of purple; filaments white ; anthers yellowish.
Kitaibel's Wahlenbergia. PI. | foot.
4 W. TENUIFOLIA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 133.) stems pilose;
leaves linear, entire, with bristly margins; bracteas ovate, acumi-
nated, ciliated with bristles; tube of calyx rather pilose; lobes
of calyx ciliated with bristles, and the sinuses toothless. ^ . H.
1
Native of Croatia, at the foot of the mountain called Plisswicza ;
also near Fiume. Campanula tenuifolia, Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar.
hung. 2. p. 168. t. 155. Campanula graminifolia, Host, fl.
austr. 1. p 268. exclusive of the synonymes of Column, and
Waldst. et Kit. Campanula graminifolia, /3, Schow. plan. ein.
pfl. geogr. ital. p. 11. Stems tufted, purplish. Flowers dis-
posed in dense terminal bracteated tufts, 6-10 in each tuft.
Corolla of a violet-blue colour, white at the base ; filaments
white ; anthers yellow.
Fine-leaved Wahlenbergia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI.
y to ^ foot.
5 W. DALMA'TICA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 13t.) stems glabrous;
leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, .ciliated with hairs; bracteas
ovate-acuminated, entire, ciliated ; tube of calyx rather pilose ;
lobes of calyx entire, ciliated, rather pilose on the back, with
the sinuses toothless. I/. H. Native of Dalmatia, on the east
of Salona. Stems reddish. Leaves 1-2 inches long. Heads
containing 6-10 flowers, bracteate. Corolla blue; filaments
ciliated ; anthers yellow. Plant tufted.
Dalmatian Wahlenbergia.
to |- foot.
* * Stems short. Flowers solitary.
6 W. PUMILIO (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 134.) plant tufted; stems
short, very leafy ; leaves linear, entire, glabrous beneath, revo-
lute on the margins at top, and pilose in the middle : hairs ad-
pressed, pencilled or in tufts at the tops of the leaves ; upper
leaves broadest at the base, and covering the flower ; tube of
calyx obconical, glabrous ; lobes of calyx entire, similar to the
leaves. If.. H. Native of Dalmatia, in the higher alpine
ranges of Mount Bioccovo. Campanula silenifblia, Host, fl.
austr. 1. p. 268. but not of Fisch. Campanula pumilio, Por-
tenschl. ined. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 136. Visian. stirp.
dalm. spec. p. 29. Plant with the habit of Silene acaulis.
Flowers sessile, solitary, numerous. Corolla azure blue ; an-
thers yellow.
Dwarf Wahlenbergia. PI. tufted.
SECT. II. AIKINIA (named in honour of John Aikin, a British
botanist). Alph. D. C. mon. p. 135. — Campanula species, Lin.
Camp. sect. Codonopsis, R. Br. prod. 561. — Wahlenbergia spe-
cies, Schrad. Corolla and calyx 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Cap-
sule 3-5-celIed. Seeds ovoid. — Usually annual herbs. Leaves
for the most part alternate. Flowers on more or less elongated
peduncles and pedicels. Generally inhabitants of the southern
hemisphere, particularly of the Cape of Good Hope; also of
Australia and India.
§1 Capsule 5 -celled. Seeds shining. Stems erect or ascend-
ing. Peduncles elongated, naked. Leaves alternate, sessile.
All natives of the Cape of Good Hope.
7 W. CAPE'NSIS (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 136. t. 18.) stem erect,
simple or branched, pilose at the bottom ; leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, pilose, irregularly toothed ; tube of calyx ovoid, very hairy;
corolla 5-cleft, hardly one-half longer than the calycine lobes ;
capsule ovoid, pilose. 0- H. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, in sandy places. Campanula Capensis, Lin. spec. p. 240.
Thunb. prod. p. 39. mem. acad. petersb. 4. p. 374. t. 6. f. 3.
Sims, hot. mag. 782. Roella decurrens, Andr. bot. rep. t. 238.
Wahl. elongata, Schrad. cat. hort. gott. 1814. Willd. enum.
suppl. p. 10. Campanula elongata, Willd. herb. Flowers
large, at first drooping, but at length nearly erect. Corolla
bluish-green on the outside, dark blue inside at the bottom, but
greenish at the origin of the lobes, spotted with black within the
lobes at the recesses, and the lobes are violaceous.
Cape Wahlenbergia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1803. PI. 1 to
2 feet.
CAMPANULACE^E. IX. WAHLENBEROIA.
739
8 W. DIFFU'SA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 137.) stem weak, much
branched, glabrous, or rather pilose ; leaves linear, acuminated,
somewhat denticulated ; calyx glabrous or pilose, with a sphe-
rical tube ; corolla 5-lobed at the apex, hardly longer than the
calycine lobes; capsule spherical, glabrous. ©. H. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Campanula rubioides, Banks,
herb. — Comm. hort. t. 37.? Calyx quadrifid.
Diffuse Wahlenbergia. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PI. 1 foot.
9 W. LINEAVRIS (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 137.) stem flexuous,
erect, filiform, simple and glabrous at the base ; leaves linear,
entire, glabrous ; calyx glabrous or pilose, with a spherical
tube ; corolla 5-lobed at the apex, hardly longer than the calycine
lobes ; capsule spherical, glabrous. 0. H. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope, in sandy places. Campanula linearis, Lin.
suppl. p. 140. Thunb. prod. p. 38. mem. acad. petersb. 4. t. 5.
f. 3. Stem purplish. Flowers somewhat panicled, white ; pe-
duncles and pedicels capillary, drooping when bearing the
flowers, and erect while bearing the fruit.
Linear-]eaved Wahlenbergia. PL ^ foot.
§ 2. Capsule 3-celled. Seeds shining or dotted. Stems erect
or procumbent. Peduncles naked, more or less elongated. Leaves
alternate, rarely opposite.
* Seeds usually dotted. Stems branched, slender, usually pro-
cumbent. Leaves sessile or petiolate, and opposite or alternate in
the same specimen.
10 W. FLA'CCIDA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 138.) plant rather
pilose ; stem erect, simple, rather leafy ; leaves opposite and
alternate, ovate, acute, entire; calyx pilose, with an ovoid tube;
corolla 5-lobed, one-half longer than the calycine lobes ; cap-
sule ovoid, spherical. Q. H. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, where it was collected by Masson. Campanula flaccida,
Banks, herb. Flowers solitary, terminal. Peduncle not dif-
ferent from the stem, being leafy like it.
Flaccid Wahlenbergia. PL ^ foot.
11 W. DIVERSIFOLIA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 139.) stem pro-
cumbent, branched, not very leafy, glabrous above, and pilose
below ; leaves alternate and opposite, smoothish : lower ones
obovate-roundish, crenately toothed : the rest ovate-lanceolate,
acute, toothed ; calyx glabrous, with an ovoid-spherical tube ;
corolla one-half longer than the calycine lobes ; capsule ob-
conically ovoid. 0. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Campanula Eklon, in herb. Dunant. Flowers on long pedicels,
which are either terminal or axillary on the upper part of the
plant.
Diverse-leaved Wahlenbergia. PL procumbent.
12 W. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 139.) stem
erect, branched, glabrous, not very leafy, rather pilose above ;
leaves strictly opposite, ovate, acute, crenated, glabrous-; calyx
rather pilose, with a spherical tube ; corolla profoundly 5-cleft,
length of the calycine segments ; capsule spherical. 0. ? H.
Native of Madagascar. Stem branched from the base. Flowers
solitary, pedicellate, situated in the axils of the forks of the
branches.
Madagascar Wahlenbergia. PL -J foot.
13 W. PROCU'MBENS (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 140. t. 15.) plant
glabrous or rather pilose ; stems creeping, branched, very leafy ;
leaves opposite or verticillate, ovate or obovate, nearly entire ;
tube of calyx ovoid ; corolla 5-lobed at top, 3 times longer than
the calycine lobes ; capsule ovoid, spherical. I/ . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope, in watery places. Campanula pro-
ciimbens, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 174. mem. acad. petersb. 4. p. 375.
Lin. fil. suppl. 141. Wahl. repens, Schrad. diss. de Blumenb.
p. 37. — Burch. cat. pi. afr. austr. no. 355. Flowers solitary,
usually terminal, but sometimes axillary, pedicellate. Corolla
pale blue ; anthers yellow.
Var. ft, foliosa (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 140. t. 15. f. 6.) stems
shorter ; leaves approximate and smaller. I/ . G. Campa-
nula, Burch. cat. pi. afr. no. 361. and no. 508.
Procumbent Wahlenbergia. PL creeping.
* * Seeds dotted. Stems branched, slender, usually procum-
bent. Leaves petiolate, alternate.
14 W. HEDERA'CEA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 146.) glabrous ;
stems slender, ascending ; leaves on long petioles, cordate-
roundish, bluntly 5-7-angled ; corolla 5-lobed at the apex, 4
times longer than the calycine segments; capsule hemispherical.
Tf.. H. Native of the west of Europe and North America, in
watery places. In Europe, from the north of Portugal to
Denmark, but towards the east it becomes more rare. In
Britain, abundant in Cornwall, and in many parts of the
west of England ; in Sussex abundant ; Keston Common, near
Bromley, Kent ; on Hartlebury Common, Worcestershire ; on
a bog near High-Beech, Epping Forest. In the county of
Cork, Ireland. In several parts of the lowlands of Scotland ;
and in the Scilly Islands. Campanula hederacea, Lin. spec,
p. 240. Oed. fl. dan. t. 330. Smith, engl. hot. t. 73. Hook. fl.
lond. t. 93. Campanula hedersefolia, Salisb. prod. 127. Cam-
panula arvatica, Lag. in variet. de cienc. litt. &c. no. 29. oct.
1805. p. 40. Aikinia hederacea, Salisb. in herb. D. C. Schul-
tesia, Roth, enum. pi. 1. p. 1807. — Moris, oxon. 2. p. 456.
sect. 5. t. 2. f. 18. Pluk. phyt, 23. f. 1. Petiv. gaz. t. 51. f. 1.
— Tourn. inst. 1. p. 112. Garid. aix. 1. p. 76. Stems filiform,
creeping and ascending. Peduncles naked, one-flowered, usually
terminal, but sometimes axillary. Corolla pale blue.
Ivy-like Wahlenbergia. Fl. May, June. England. PL ^
foot.
* * * Seeds shining. Stems more or less erect. Leaves alter-
nate, sessile, narrow.
a. Peduncles elongated.
15 W. GRA'CILIS (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 142.) stem simple or
branched, glabrous or pilose ; leaves alternate or nearly oppo-
site, linear. lanceolate, sinuately toothed, glabrous ; calyx smooth-
ish, with an ovoid tube ; corolla funnel-shaped, 5-cleft ; cap-
sule obovate. $ . ? G. Native of Van Diemen's Land ; and
of New Holland, about Port Jackson ; and of New Caledonia
and New Zealand. All the varieties grow in New Holland,
except var. e, which only grows in New Zealand. Campanula
gracilis, Forst. prod. no. 84. Sims, hot. mag. 691. R. Br. prod,
p. 561. Campanula vincseflora, Vent. malm. t. 12. Cam-
panula capillaris, Lodd. hot. cab. t. 1406. Peduncles terminal
and axillary, elongated, 1 -flowered. Corolla blue, with a white
or yellowish bottom. Anthers yellowish.
Var. fi, stricta (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 142.) stem branched,
straight ; leaves more numerous, opposite, linear-lanceolate ;
calycine segments linear, exceeding the tube of the corolla a
little, which is discoloured on the outside. $ . G. Campanula
gracilis, Smith, exot. fl. t. 45. Campanula gracilis, j3, stricta,
R. Br. prod. p. 561.
Var. j, littoralis (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) stem simple, elongated ;
leaves few, alternate, linear, narrow ; calycine lobes acuminated,
length of the tube of the corolla. £ . G. Campanula littoralis,
Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 69. t. 70. Camp, gracilis, y, littoralis,
R. Br. prod. p. 561.
Var. S, capillaris (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) stem capillary, pani-
cled ; leaves linear, remote ; segments of the calyx one-half
shorter than the capsule, which is nearly globose. $ . G. Cam-
panula gracilis, ci, capillaris, R. Br. prod. p. 561.
Var. c, polymorpha (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) lower leaves obovate,
obtuse : middle ones lanceolate : upper ones linear-lanceolate ;
calycine segments broadish, one-half shorter than the corolla.
5 B 2
740
CAMPANULACEjE. IX. WAHLENBERGIA.
$ . H. Native of New Zealand. Campanula polymorpha dif-
fusa, Soland. in herb. Banks.
Weak Wahlenbergia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1794.
to 1 foot.
1C W. CHAMISSONIA'NA ; stems ascending, branched at the
base, and leafy, but naked at the apex, and forming erect, few-
flowered, elongated peduncles, which are furnished with a few
bracteas; leaves ovate-lanceolate, sessile, marginated by a nerve,
obscurely few-toothed, simiated and undulated, having the keel
and margins running down the stem, sometimes beset with a few
spreading, stiff, white hairs, and sometimes glabrous ; sterile
branches"always pilose ; bracteoles ovate, acute, ciliated. O- ?
7/ . ? G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Wahlenbergia,
no. 3. Cham, in Linnaea. 7. p. 194. Ovarium obconical, 10-
nerved. Segments of the calyx ovate, acute, ciliated. Corolla
funnel- shaped, with an ample deeply 5-cleft limb, and narrow-
elliptic, acute segments. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved. Stamens
5. Stigma trifid. Seeds ovoid, smooth, shining, brown.
Var. ft, micrdntha (Cham. 1. c.) plant taller and slenderer ;
stems erect, 2-3 feet high; leaves 15 lines long and 3 broad,
less undulated and flatter ; diameter of corolla half an inch.
Var. y, macranlha (Cham. 1. c. p. 195.) old branches nearly
naked ; stem erect, hardly a foot high ; leaves more crowded,
9 lines long and 4 lines broad at the base, or oblong-elliptic,
blunter, more yndulated ; diameter of corolla an inch.
Chamisso's Wahlenbergia. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
17 W. MARGINA'TA (Alph. D. C.mon. p. 143.) stem branched,
glabrous ; leaves alternate or nearly opposite, lanceolate and
linear-lanceolate, undulately subserrated, with pilose margins ;
calyx glabrous, with an obovate tube ; corolla funnel-shaped,
hardly one-half longer than the calycine lobes. 3£.G. Native
of Japan, by road sides between Arai and Quana. Campanula
marginata, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 89. pi. jap. dec. with a figure.
Campanula gracilis, var. Spreng. pug. no. 28. Roem. et Schultes.
syst. 5. p. 133. Root or lower part of stem thick and woody,
decumbent. Branches herbaceous, erect and branched. Mar-
gins of leaves white. Peduncles terminal and axillary, elongated,
1 -flowered. Corolla small, blue.
Afarginate-lenved Wahlenbergia. PI. •£ foot.
18 W. LAVANDUL.EFOLIA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 144.) stem fili-
form, angular, striated; branches 1-3-flowered ; leaves sessile,
linear, obtuse, obsoletely and remotely serrulated ; flowers quin-
quefid ; corolla exceeding the ovarium a little. I/ . G. Native of
Japan, on the mountains. Campanula lavandulsefolia, Blum, bijdr.
p. 726.
Lavender-leaved Wahlenbergia. PI. £ foot. ?
19 W. QUADR!FIDA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 144.) stem filiform,
angularly striated, pilose as well as the leaves, which are linear ;
flowers quadrifid ; corolla hardly exceeding the ovarium ; stig-
mas 3. 7t ? G. Native of New South Wales, about Port
Jackson. Campanula quadrifida, R. Br. prod. p. 561. Flowers
blue. This species comes very near to Wahl. gracilis, and is
probably only an earlier variety of it,
Quadrifid-Rowered Wahlenbergia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt 1820
PL \ to 1 foot.
20 W. SAXICOLA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 144.) glabrous; stem
short ; leaves crowded, lanceolate, a little toothed ; peduncles
1-flowered, scape-formed; flowers quadrifid; capsule globose.
1/..t G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Campanula saxicola,
R. Br. prod. p. 561. This is very nearly allied to W. quadrifida.
Rock Wahlenbergia. PI. £ foot.
21 W. SIEBE'RI (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 144) stem branched,
very hispid at the base ; leaves somewhat denticulated, acute :
lower ones obovate-lanceolate, pilose : superior ones linear-
lanceolate, smoothish ; calyx glabrous, with an ovoid tube ;
corolla tubular, nearly 3 times larger than the calycine lobes •
capsule obovoid. Q. H. Native of New Holland. Campa-
nulaceae, Sieb. fl. nov. holl. no. 577. Peduncles naked,
divided into 1 -flowered pedicels; the flowers are therefore
somewhat panicled. Corolla blue, small. Stem angular at the
base.
Sieber's Wahlenbergia. PI. \ foot.
22 W. DEHISCENS (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 145.) stem branched
or simple, rather pilose at the base ; leaves rather pilose : lower
ones lanceolate-obovate, bluntish, undulately toothed ; calyx
glabrous, with an obovate tube; corolla funnel- shaped, one half
longer than the calycine lobes; capsule obovoid. 0. H.
Native of Bengal and Nipaul. Campanula dehiscens, Roxb.
hort. beng. p. 85. fl. ind. 2. p. 96. Wall, in asiat. researc.
12. p. 571. with a figure. Lower leaves numerous. Peduncles
terminal and axillary, nearly naked, divided into 1-flowered
filiform pedicels. Corollas small, white. Capsule dehiscing by
3 valves at the top.
Dehiscent Wahlenbergia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 foot.
23 W. AGRE'STIS (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 145.) stem branched
from the base, pilose and leafy at bottom, but naked and
smoothish above ; leaves linear, narrow, nearly entire, with un-
dulated margins ; peduncles subdichotomous, erect ; tube of
calyx obovate ; corolla funnel-shaped, twice longer than the
calycine segments ; capsule obovate. O- H. Native of
Nipaul. Campanula agrestis, Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 97.
Leaves rather pilose. Peduncles elongated,«.erect, naked, some-
times dichotomous ; pedicels terminal, 1-flowered. Corolla blue.
Field Wahlenbergia. PI. 1 foot.
24 W. I'NDICA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 146.) stem branched,
rather pilose at the base ; leaves linear, rather pilose, entire,
accuminated ; tube of calyx ovoid, glabrous ; corolla one-half
longer than the calycine lobes; capsule obconical. O- ? H.
Native of the East Indies, on the Nellyghery mountains, where
it was collected by Leschenault, and where it is called Aleka.
Habit of W. linarioides. Peduncles 1-flowered, glabrous.
Flowers terminal, nutant. Capsule erect.
Indian Wahlenbergia. PI. -^ foot.
25 W. RIPA'RIA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 146.) plant pilose at
the base, and glabrous at top ; leaves few, undulately toothed,
rather hairy : lower ones obovate-lanceolate : the rest narrower,
glabrous, and accuminated ; calyx glabrous, with an ovoid
narrow tube ; corolla one-half longer than the calycine lobes ;
capsule obovoid. Q. H. Native of Senegal, in the regions
called Podor and Walo, where it was collected by Leprieur and
Perrottet. Campanula riparia Lepr. et Perrott. in lit. Stem
simple or branched, leafy at the base, and naked at the top.
Peduncles erect, divided into filiform 1-flowered pedicels.
River-side Wahlenbergia. PI. 1 to lj foot.
26 W. HU'MILIS (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 147.) plant pilose at
the base, and glabrous at top ; leaves much crowded at the
bottom, linear-lanceolate : upper ones ligulate ; calyx glabrous,
with an ovoid narrow tube ; corolla one-half longer than the
calycine lobes ; capsule ovoid. O- H. Native of Senegal.
Stem very leafy at the base, divided into many 1-flowered
pedicels at top.
Humble Wahlenbergia. PI. | foot.
27 W. DENUDATA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 147.) plant quite
glabrous ; stem simple, few-flowered ; leaves linear-lanceolate,
with undulated, nearly entire margins; tube of calyx, obconical,
elongated: capsule elongated, obovate. Q. fj . H. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Campanulaceae, Burch. cat. pi. af.
no. 2769. Habit of W. Capensis. Stem erect, only leafy at
the base. Leaves greyish-green, with white edges. Flowers
solitary, terminal.
Naked Wahlenbergia. PI. 1 foot.
28 W. CE'RNUA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 148.) stem much
CAMPANULACE^E IX. WAHLENBERGIA.
741
branched, pilose at the base ; lower and middle leaves ovate,
acute, irregularly toothed, and pilose : superior ones narrower,
nearly entire, smootliish ; tube of calyx glabrous and obconical ;
lobes of calyx with revolute serrulately ciliated margins ; co-
rolla funnel-shaped, 2 or 'A times longer than the calycine lobes,
somewhat 5-cleft at the apex; capsule obovate. O- H. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Campanula cernua, Thunb.
prod. p. 39. mem. acad. petersb. 4. p. 376. t. 7. f. 1. — Comm.
hort. 2. t. 36. Stem very leafy at the base. Peduncles erect,
elongated, terminating in numerous 1-flowered filiform pedicels.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a white base, and blue lobes,
drooping in the bud state.
Drooping- flowered Wahlenbergia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.
1804. PI. | to | foot.
29 W. UNDULA'TA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 148.) stem ascend-
ing, simple at the base, pilose ; leaves somewhat stem-clasping,
ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, coarsely crenated, pilose ; calyx gla-
brous, with an obconical tube, and broad flat serrately ciliated
lobes ; corolla funnel-shaped, 5-cleft, 3 times longer than the
calycine lobes ; capsule obconical. O. H. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope, in Swartland. Campanula undulata, Thunb.
prod. p. 39. Lin. suppl. p. 142. Campanula glabrata, Banks,
herb.. Stem branched, naked and glabrous at top. Peduncles
elongated, nearly naked, panicled ; pedicels 1-flowered, rising
from the axils of the bracteas. Flowers rather nutant.
Undulated- leaved Wahlenbergia. PL 1 to l| foot.
30 W. NUDICAU'LIS (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 149.) stem
branched, rather pilose at the base ; leaves obovate or lanceo-
late, undulately crenated, rather pilose ; calyx glabrous, with a
nearly spherical tube, and entire lobes ; corolla broadly funnel-
shaped, deeply 5-cleft, 3 or 4 times longer than the calycine
lobes ; capsule spherical. O- ? G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Root cylindrical at its top, branched at the
base. Stems numerous, branched, usually dichotomous.
Leaves nearly all at the base of the plant, obtuse or acute.
Flowers very numerous, terminating the slender naked pedicels.
Corolla funnel-shaped, blue, ? drooping in aestivation.
Var. ft. Flowers larger. — Campanula elongata, Banks,
herb.
Naked-stemmed Wahlenbergia. PI. 1 foot.
31 W. ANDROSA'CEA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 150. t. 19. f. 1.)
stem simple, naked, few-flowered, glabrous ; radical leaves
rosulate, ovate-lanceolate, on short petioles, acute, denticulated,
pilose; calyx glabrous, with a hemispherical tube, and short
broad entire lobes • corolla broadly funnel-shaped, profoundly
5-cleft, 2 or 3 times longer than the calycine segments ; cap-
sule spheroid. 0. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Campanulaceae, Burch, cat. geog. pi. afr. austr. no. 2273.
Stem twice dichotomous at top, and nearly naked, except
the bracteas at the base of the pedicels. Branches 2, divided
into 2 1-flowered pedicels at the apex. Flowers erect in the
expanded state, but drooping in the bud state, probably blue.
Androsace-\\ke Wahlenbergia. I'l. J- foot.
32 W. STELLARIOI'DES (Cliam. in Schlecht. in Linnaea, 7. p.
196.) stems ascending, a little tufted, filiform, tetragonal, gla-
brous ; leaves opposite, somewhat connately approximate, lan-
ceolate, acute, with revolute edges, and the nerve slender, pilose,
or glabrous beneath ; flowers terminal and lateral, on long pe-
dicels ; ovarium elliptic, short; calycine segments very like
the leaves, but one-half shorter than the corolla ; corolla funnel-
shaped, 5-cleft to the middle, with acute ovate segments. If..
G. Native of C.iflfraria. Stem branched at the base. Stamens
5. Calycine segments reflexed.
Stichmort-like Wahlenbergia. PI. 1 to !•£• foot.
33 W. NUTABU'NDA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 151.) plant pilose
at the base ; stem simple, or branched at the base ; lower leaves
lanceolate-obovate, nearly entire, with the nerves and margins
pilose : the rest lanceolate, acute, smoothish, and irregularly
toothed ; calyx glabrous, with an ovoid tube ; corolla cylindri-
cal, 5-lobed, hardly one-half longer than the calycine lobes ;
capsule obovate. O- ? H. Native of Calabria, near Reggio,
on very arid hills ; and of Sardinia, in the fields of Carbo-
nara and Tortote, ex Moris. Campanula nutabunda, Guss. in
Ten. append. 5. ad fl. neap. prod. p. 8. pi. rar. p. 94. t. 18.
Mor. stirp. sard, elench. p. 30. Habit of W. lobelioldes
Leaves numerous at the base of the plant. Peduncles nearly-
naked, elongated, drooping when bearing the flowers, but at
length erect, 1-flowered, glabrous. Corolla white.
Nodding-fionereA Wahlenbergia. PI. ^ foot.
b. Peduncles shorter.
34 W. EXILIS (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 151.) stem much
branched, rather pilose at the base ; branches glabrous, fili-
form ; leaves linear, subulate, entire, rather pilose ; tube of
calyx glabrous or roughish, obconical ; corolla tubular, 5-
cleft at the apex, scarcely one-half longer than the calycine
lobes; capsule obovate, narrow. O- H. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Burch. cat. no. 105. Stem quite glabrous at
top. Pedicels mostly axillary, 1-flowered, reddish.
Slender Wahlenbergia. PI. | to | foot.
35 W. DENTICULA'TA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 152. t. 16.) stem
much branched, glabrous, but rather scabrous above ; leaves
narrow-linear, acuminated, glabrous, remotely denticulated ;
calyx glabrous or scabrous, with a hemispherical tube, and den-
ticulated lobes ; corolla deeply 5-cleft ; capsule spheroid. (•)• H.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in the interior of the coun-
try. Campanula denticulata, Burch. cat. pi. afr. no. 2000.
trav. 1. p. 538. Flowers numerous towards the tops of the
branches. Pedicels axillary and terminal, 1-flowered, diverg-
ing much from the stem. Corollas blue?
Var. ft, scabra (Alph. D.C. 1. c.) peduncles and calyxes rather
scabrous. Burch. cat. pi. afr. no. 2302.
Denticulated calyxed Wahlenbergia. PI. | foot. Var. ft, 2 in.
36 W. KRE'BSII (Cham, in Schlecht. Linnaea. 7. p. 195.)
steins rather herbaceous, filiform, procumbent, very leafy at the
origin of the fertile branches, tetragonal : angles beset with re-
trograde bristles ; leaves crowded, spreading, rather stiff, lingu-
late or obovate-oblong, obtuse or acute, sinuately-toothed, with
reflexed margins, having the keel and margins pilose or gla-
brous ; branches erect, naked above, elongated, divided into an
irregular branched panicle ; bracteoles quite entire, acute ;
ovarium globose ; calycine segments oblong-triangular, bluntish,
almost nerveless, pellucid, with scabrous edges ; corolla funnel-
shaped, quinquefid, 3 times longer than the calyx : lobes short.
y. . G. Native of Caffraria. Stem tumid below the leaves. Sta-
mens 5. Stigma bifid. Panicle 4-8-flowered. Pedicels half an
inch long, furnished each with one bractea. Capsule half inferior,
3-celled, 3-valved. Seeds ovate or elliptic, smooth, shining
brown.
Krebs's Wahlenbergia. PI. procumbent.
37 W. DUNA'NTII (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 152.) stem branched,
stiffish ; leaves linear-lanceolate, narrow, acuminated, entire,
pilose ; tube of calyx pilose, small, hemispherical ; lobes of
calyx Ions;, subulate; corolla tubular, 5-lobed at the apex,
rather longer than the calycine lobes. ©. H. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope, where it was collected by Eklon. Stem
slightly pilose. Peduncles dichotomous, diverging, rather
pilose. Pedicels 1-flowered. Flowers drooping.
Dunant's Wahlenbergia. PI. ^ foot.
38 W. MASs>6NH (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 153.) plant small; stem
branched, pilose ; leaves linear, narrow, entire ; calyx pilose,
with a hemispherical tube and capillary lobes ; corol'a narrow,
742
CAMPANULACEjE. IX. WAHLENBEROIA.
tunnel-shaped, 5-lobed at the apex, 2 or 3 times longer than the
calycine lobes; capsule spherical. Q. ? G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers racemose or panicled at the
tops of the branches, numerous. Pedicels 1-flowered.
Masson's Walilenbergia. PI. -J foot.
39 W. BRASILIE'NSIS (Cham, in Linnaea, 7. p. 318.) glabrous;
branches almost radical, simple, angular ; leaves few, small,
subulate, entire, concave, keeled, bluntish ; panicle terminal,
subfastigiately corymbose and spike - formed, coarctate ;
ovarium obconical ; calycine segments like the leaves ; corolla
5-cleft to the middle. 1£. S. Native of Brazil within the
tropic. Very like W. linarioldes. Flowers white. Corolla
very like that of Campanula rotundifolia, but much smaller.
Brazilian Wahlenbergia. PI. -g- foot.
40 W. PANICULA'TA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 153.) stem much
branched, pilose ; leaves linear, rather pilose, entire, or a little
denticulated ; calyx pilose, with an ovoid narrow tube and
entire acuminated lobes ; corolla funnel-shaped, 5-lobed at the
apex, twice longer than the calycine lobes ; capsule ovoid.
O- H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Campanula pani-
culata, Thunb. prod. p. 38. Lin. suppl. p. 139. Thunb.
mem. acad. petersb. 4. t. 7. f. 4. Flowers panicled, terminal,
and axillary. Pedicels 1-flowered.
Panic/erf-flowered Wahlenbergia. PI. ^ to •£ foot.
41 W. BANKSIA'NA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 154.) stem glabrous,
.simple at the base, but panicled at the apex ; leaves linear, nar-
row, remotely denticulated, acuminated ; tube of calyx quite
jrlabrous, spherical ; calycine lobes linear, narrow, denticulated ;
corolla funnel-shaped, 5-lobed at the apex, one-half longer than
the calycine lobes. Q. ? H. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Campanula paniculata, Smith, in herb. Banks. Pe-
duncles and pedicels slender, but stiff and divaricate. Flowers
erect, (i-10 in number.
Banks's Wahlenbergia. PI. ^ to -| foot,
42 W. HISPIDULA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 155.) stern branched;
branches thick, hispid ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminated,
rather pilose, stiff, somewhat denticulated ; tube of calyx hispid,
ovoid ; calycine lobes very long and very like the leaves ;
corolla tubularly funnel-shaped, 5-lobed at the apex, rather
shorter than the calycine lobes; capsule spherical. O- H.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Swartland, on sandy
hills. Campanula hispidula, Thunb. prod. p. 38. Lin. suppl.
p. 142. Thunb. voy. 4. p. 352. t. 4. exclusive of the syn. of
Comm. hort. t. 37. Flowers 2-5 in number at the tops of the
branches, nearly sessile. Corolla blue.
Hispid Wahlenbergia. Fl. sept. oct. Clt. 1817. PI. -*-
foot.
43 W. SPINULOSA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 155.) plant humble,
much branched ; branches stiff, glabrous, or rather scabrous ;
leaves narrow-linear, glabrous or pilose, denticulated, stiff, ending
each in a hard point ; tube of calyx glabrous, spherical ; lobes of
calyx with revolute ciliated margins ; corolla narrow, 5-lobed at
the apex; capsule spherical. — Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Campanula spinulosa, Banks, herb. Flowers termi-
nal and axillary, solitary ; pedicels stiff, and appearing like
spines after the capsules have fallen.
Spinulose Wahlenbergia. PI. 1 to 3 inches.
44 W. CAPILLA'CEA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 156.) stem branched
from the base, glabrous ; leaves scattered, linear-filiform, entire,
with revolute margins; calycine segments setaceous. — Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Campanula capillacea, Thunb. prod,
p. 38. mem. acad. petersb. 4. p. 366. t. 5. f. 4. Branches radi-
cal, numerous, filiform. Flowers terminal, siibracemose, blue.
Pedicels capillary, drooping.
Capillary- founded Wahlenbergia. PI. 1 foot.
SECT. III. CERVICINA (from cervix, the neck; because some
plants of this order are called Throat-mori). Alph. D. C. mon.
p. 156. — Cervicina, Del. fl. d'egypt. p. 7. t. 5. f. 2. Calyx and
corolla 3-5-lobed. Stamens 3. Capsule 2-celled. Seeds tri-
quetrous, acute at one extremity, and truncated at the other.
— An humble annual herb. Leaves alternate, sessile, narrow.
Flowers on short pedicels.
45 W. CERVICINA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 156.) plant small ;
stem much branched ; branches diverging1, rather pilose ; leaves
linear-lanceolate, a little denticulated ; tube of galyx rather
pilose, ovoid ; corolla tubular, rather longer than the calycine
lobes ; capsule spherical. Q. F. Native of Egypt and Sene-
gal, in sandy and arid places. Cervicina campanuloides, Del.
fl. egypt, p. 7. t. 5. f. 2. Leaves with white margins. Flowers
numerous, pedicellate, solitary from the axils of all the leaves
and tops of the branches.
Throatwort Wahlenbergia. PI. ± foot.
SECT. IV. LOBELIO!DES (this section contains plants having
the habit of Lobelia). Alph. D. C. mon. 157. Calyx and
corolla 3-5-lobed in the same plant. Stamens 3. Capsule 2-
celled. Seeds ovoid, nitid. — Slender annual herbs, with the
habit of Lobelia. Leaves alternate, sessile. Flowers on long
peduncles.
46 W. LOBELIOIDES (Alph. D. C. mon. 157. t. 17.) plant gla-
brous, simple at the base, erect ; leaves denticulated : lower
ones lanceolate-obovate : middle ones linear-lanceolate : supe-
rior ones few, narrower ; tube of calyx obconical, narrow ;
corolla cylindrical, hardly one-half longer than the calycine
lobes; capsule ovoid, elongated. O- H. Native of Madeira
and Teneriffe. Campanula lobelioides, Lin. suppl. p. 140.
Ait. hort. kew. 1. ed. 1. p. 219. Campanula parviflora, Sa-
lisb. prod, p. 126. Lobelia Broussonetii, Bory, ann. gen. p.
330. Campanula inconspicua, Banks, herb. Roella cernua,
Brouss. cat. hort. vnonsp. 1804. p. 49. Lobelia Canariensis,
Hort. par. Camp, juncea, and C. juncifolia, Hort. Wahl. pen-
dula, Schrad. cat. hort. gott. 1814. p. 3. diss. gen. de Blum. p.
38. Stem more or less branched at top. Flowers on long,
slender, filiform, nearly naked pedicels, nutant. Corollas of a
very pale red.
Lobelia-like Wahlenbergia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1777.
PI. | to 1 foot.
SECT. V. LINARIOIDES (the species contained in this section
have the habit of Lmaria). Alph. D. C. mon. p. 158. Calyx
and corolla 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Capsule 2-celled. Seeds
lenticular, shining. — Perennial herbs, with alternate, sessile,
narrow leaves. Flowers on long peduncles and pedicels.
47 W. LINARIOIDES (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 158.) stem erect,
simple at the base, glabrous or scabrous ; leaves linear, acumi-
nated, narrow, glabrous, subdenticulated ; tube of calyx gla-
brous, obconical ; corolla funnel-shaped, deeply 5-cleft, one-half
longer than the calycine segments ; capsule obconical. "ii .
G. Native of South America, about Monte-Video : and of
Chili. Campanula linarioides, Lam. diet. 1. p. 580. Rcem.
et Schultes syst. 5. p. 107. Campanula Chilensis, Presl. in
herb. Hsenke. Stem more or less panicled at top. Flowers
panicled, terminating the branchlets and peduncles, and also
axillary. Branches nakedish. 1 -3 flowered. Flowers droop-
ing when open. Corollas blue.
Var. ft, filiformis (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves shorter, less
acuminated. O- G. Native of Chili, in arid places about Con-
ception. Campanula Chilensis, Molino, saggio. 2. p. 281. ex
Rcem. et Schultes. Campanula filiformis, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per.
2. p. 55. t. 200. f. c. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 117.
Campanula linoldes, Presl. in herb. Haenke.
CAMPANULA.CEJE. IX. WAHLENBERGIA. X.
743
FIG. 128.
Var. y, drida (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 158.) lobes of calyx
denticulated; corolla small. I/ . G. Native of Quito, near the
river Guallabamba.
Linnrla-like Wahlenbergia. PI. 1 foot.
SECT. VI. NESOPHILA (from VJJCTOC, nesos, an island, and
<f>i\ib), pltileo, to love ; the species contained in this section are
inhabitants of islands). Alph. D. C. mon. p. 160. Calyx and
corolla 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Capsule 2-3-celled. Seeds
ovate, flattish. — Suffruticose plants, with alternate, firm, sessile,
broad, sharply serrated leaves. Flowers pedunculate and pedi-
cellate.
§ 1. Capsule 2-celled.
48 W. FERNANDEZIA'NA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 160.) stem
rather woody, erect, glabrous or pilose, leafy in every part ;
leaves lanceolate, acute, serrated, glabrous or pilose ; calyx with
a glabrous obconical tube, and subserrated lobes ; corolla fun-
nel-shaped, semiquinquefid, 3 times longer than the calycine
lobes; capsule obconical. If.. F. Native of the island of Juan
Fernandez. Flowers panicled, numerous. Pedicels erect, ter-
minal and axillary, with a small subulate bractea at the base of
each. Corolla white, with purplish nerves.
Juan Fernandez Wahlenbergia. PI. -j to 1 foot.
49 W. FOLIOSA (Alph. D. C.
mon. p. 160. t. 16.) stem
woody, erect, very leafy in
every part ; glabrous, or rather
pilose ; leaves linear, acute,
serrated, glabrous or pilose on
the middle nerve; tube of calyx
glabrous, obconical ; lobes of
calyx subserrated ; corolla cy-
lindrical, semi-5-cleft, one half
longer than the calycine lobes ;
capsule turbinate. % . G. Na-
tive of St. Helena and Ascen-
sion. Stem branched or sim-
ple, inflated at the origin of the
leaves, as in many species of
Sctevola. Leaves sessile, an
inch long, paler beneath. Pe-
duncles terminating thebranches,
rather leafy; pedicels slender, erect, 1-flowered, reddish, (f. 128.)
Leafy Wahlenbergia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
50 VV. CLIVOSA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 161.) glabrous; stems
subherbaceous, procumbent, leafy at the origin of the pedun-
cles ; leaves linear-lanceolate, deeply serrated ; calyx with an
obconical elongated tube, and entire segments ; corolla cam-
panulate, 3 times longer than the calycine segments, 5-lobed at
the apex ; capsule obconical. T(. . G. Native of St. Helena.
Campanula clivosa, Banks, herb. Stems hanging from rocks,
naked at the base. Flowers and capsules erect, but the alibastra
are drooping.
Craggy Wahlenbergia. PI. procumbent.
51 W.'? ROXBU'RGHII (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 162.) shrubby;
erect ; branches pilose ; leaves scattered, sessile, cuneate-lan-
ceolate, serrulated, pilose ; panicle slender, erect, pilose. Pj . G.
Native of St. Helena, in dense woods on the mountains. Roella
paniculata, Roxb. in Beats. St. Hel. p. 320. A shrub with few
erect branches. Corollas large, white. Perhaps allied to W.
folibsa.
Roxburgh's Wahlenbergia. Shrub.
52 W.? ANCOSTIFOUA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) plant diffuse;
branches elongated, slender, scabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate,
remotely and acutely glandularly serrated ; peduncles lateral,
much longer than the leaves, dichotomous, many-flowered. I/ .
G. Native of St. Helena, in the fissures of rocks in Sandy
Bay. Flowers pure white, erect, and rather large. Roella an-
gustifolia, Roxb. in Beats. St. Hel. p. 320. Perhaps the same
as W. clivosa.
Narrow-leaved Wahlenbergia. PI. procumbent.
53 W. ? LINIFOLIA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) frutescent ; leaves scat-
tered, sessile, numerous, linear, glabrous, finely serrulated ; pedun-
cles terminal, few-flowered. I? . G. Native of St. Helena, parasi-
tical upon Dicksonia arbore&cens, on the tops of hills in Sandy
Bay, particularly on Diana's Peak. Roella linilolia, Roxb. in
Beats. St. Hel. p. 321. A small branched plant. Flowers
white, mixed with red.
Flax-leaved Wahlenbergia. Shrub.
§ 2. Capsule 3-celled. Perhaps a proper genus.
54 W. ENSIFOLIA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 162.) plant frutes-
cent, simple ; stem thick, erect, naked at the base, but very
leafy in the middle ; leaves long-lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated,
sharply serrated : teeth sttaceous ; calyx with a glabrous ob-
conical tube, and entire ciliated lobes ; corolla large, campanu-
late, somewhat 5-cleft, one-half longer than the calycine lobes.
T? . S. Native of Bourbon, on the Burning Mount. Cam-
panula ensifolia, Lam. diet. 1. p. 582. ill. no. 2518. Bracteas
ciliated. Flowers 1-3 at the top of each peduncle. Corollas
large, an inch long, dirty yellow, marked with 5 purple spots at
bottom. Habit between Musschia and Wahl.foliosa.
Sword-leaved Wahlenbergia. Shrub 1 foot.
•j" A doubtful species.
55 W.? OVATA(D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 156. Alph. D. C.
mon. p. 163.) leaves ovate, petiolate, repandly denticulated;
flowers axillary, solitary, pedunculate, erect. O- H. Native
of Nipaul. Stem erect, branched, glabrous. Leaves rather
pilose on both surfaces, an inch long. Stigma 3-lobed. Cap-
sule trigonal, 3-celled, dehiscing by 3 holes at the apex. Sta-
mens unequal. Corollas blue ?
Ocate-leaved Wahlenbergia. PI. -| foot.
Cult. For the culture and propagation of the annual species
of this genus, see Microcodon, p. 737. The frame and green-
house perennial and shrubby species, as Lightfootia, p. 735.
The hardy perennial species should be grown in pots, in a mix-
ture of peat and loam, and kept rather moist; and they are easily
increased by division.
X. PRISMATOCA'RPUS (vpiapa 7rpi<7^aro£, prisma pris-
matos, a prism, and icafnrog, karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the
long prismatical form of the fruit). Alph. D. C. mon. p. 164.
Prismatocarpus species, Lher. sert. angl. p. 1. exclusive of the
European species. — Campanula, sect. Legousia, Pers. ench. 1.
p. 192. exclusive of the European species.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-lobed, with a
cylindrical elongated tube. Corolla 5-lobed at the apex. Sta-
mens 5, alternating with the lobes of the corolla. Anthers dis-
tinct. Style permanent at the base ; stigmas 2. Capsule 2-
celled, wholly inferior, prismatic or cylindrical, elongated, split-
ting from the top towards the base into 5 segments. Seeds in-
serted the whole length of the central placenta, ovoid, somewhat
compressed, obtuse, dotted. — Subshrubs and stiff herbs, all
natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves alternate. Flowers
sessile, solitary or approximate, always inserted in the axils of
the leaves or bracteas.
* Corolla narrow. Style exserted. Leaves fen on the upper
parts of the plants.
1 P. DIFFU'SUS (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 164.) suffrutescent ;
leaves linear, very narrow, entire ; flowers in loose panicles ;
peduncles diverging, stiff; bracteas subulate ; calycine lobes
CAMPANULACEjE. X. PRISMATOCARPUS.
o\ ate, acuminated, glabrous. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Trachelium diffusum, Thunb. proel. p. 38. Lin.
til. suppl. 143. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2d. 1. p. 355. Stem branched,
glabrous. Leaves glabrous or pilose. Flowers disposed in a
loose nearly naked panicle. Peduncles stiff, axillary and ter-
minal. Corollas blue ; anthers yellow.
Diffuse Prismatocarpus. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1787. Shrub
1 foot.
* * Corolla funnel-shaped. Style inclosed. Leaves fern on
the upper part of the plant.
2 P. P-ANICULA'TUS (Lher. sert. angl. p. 1. exclusive of the
syn. Polembnium roelloidcs, ex Alph. D. C. inon. p. J05. t. 20.)
suffrutescent ; leaves lineav-subuiate, entire, setaceously cili-
ated; flowers loosely panicled ; peduncles nearly naked ; brae-
teas subulate; calycine lobes acuminated, glabrous. fj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Campanula ericoides, Lam.
ill. no. 2574. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. fM56. Camp, pedun-
culata, Gmel. syst. p. 352. Campanula roelloldes, Juss. herb.
Roella ericoides, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 723. • Stem branched,
leafless at the base, but leafy in the middle part. Leaves nume-
rous at the base of the floriferous branches, with tufts of smaller
leaves in their axils. Peduncles naked, subdivided, glabrous or
rather scabrous. Flowers in loose panicles.
Panic/ed-fiovteTeA Prismatocarpus. Shrub 1 foot. .._
3 P. INTERRU'PTUS (Lher. sert. angl. p. 1. Alph. D. C. mon.
p. 166.) snffrutescent ; leaves linear, acuminated, entire, cili-
ated ; flowers approximate, on the tops of the peduncles; brae-
teas subulate ; lobes of calyx ciliated. Fj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Roella interrupta, Banks, herb. Cam-
panula interrupta, Pers. ench. 1. p. 192. Stem branched, gla-
brous or velvety. Leaves scattered over the branches, with
fascicles of smaller ones in their axils.
Interrupted Prismatocarpus. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818.
Shrub £ foot.
4 P.? SUBULA'TUS (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 166.) suffrutescent ; ?
leaves linear- subulate, narrow, entire, ciliated at the base;
flowers disposed in loose panicles ; bracteas subulate ; calycine
lobes acuminated, glabrous. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Campanula subulata, Thunb. prod. p. 38. mem.
acad. petersb. 4. p. 369. t. 6. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 156.
Lightfootia ciliata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 809. Habit of P.pani-
culata. Stem purplish, glabrous. Leaves often with fascicles
of smaller ones in their axils. Flowers disposed in a loose,
nearly naked panicle.
<!>«&u/afc-leaved Prismatocarpus. Shrub l-£ foot.
5 P. ALTIFLORUS (Lher. sert. angl. p. 1. Alph. D. C. mon. p.
167.) suffrutescent; leaves linear-subulate, entire, ciliated;
flowers few, approximate at the tops of the peduncles ; bracteas
subulate ; lobes of calyx ovate, acute, velvety. ^ • G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Roella erecta, Banks, herb. Cam-
panula altiflora, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 66.— Habit of P. paniculatus,
Stem nearly simple, glabrous, naked at the base and top, but
leafy in the middle, divided at the top into 2 peduncles. Leaves
often having fascicles of smaller ones in their axils.
High-fionered Prismalocarpus. Shrub 1 foot.
6 P. FRUTICOSUS (Lher. sert. angl. p. 2. Alph. D. C. mon. p.
1 67.) suffrutescent ; leaves linear, very narrow, erect, entire, a
little ciliated ; flowers few, racemose ; bracteas subulate ; caly-
cine lobes ovate, acute, glabrous. J? . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Roella fruticosa, Lher. in herb. Banks. Cam-
panula fruticulbsa, Banks, herb. Stem nearly simple, glabrous,
ending in a naked few-flowered raceme.
Shrubby Prismatocarpus. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1787. Shrub 1 ft.
7 P. EKL&NII (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 168.) suffrutescent;
leaves linear-subulate, long, erect, entire, glabrous ; flowers dis-
posed in loose spikes ; bracteas subulate, broader than the leaves
at the base ; calycine lobes linear-lanceolate, glabrous. Tj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. P. fruticosus, Eklon, in
herb. Dunant, but not of Lher. Stem branched ; branches erect,
leafy at the base and rather velvety, and reddish at top. Flowers
solitary in the axils of the bracteas.
Eklon 's Prismatocarpus. Shrub \ foot.
8 P. CRISPUS (Lher. sert. angl. p. 2. Alph. D. C. mon. p.
168.) stem herbaceous ; leaves long, linear, erect, undulately
toothed ; flowers at th'e tops of the branches ; bracteas subu-
late ; calycine lobes linear, acuminated, glabrous. I/ . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Campanula plicata, Pers. ench..
1. p. 193. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 153. Camp, longi-
rostris andC. crispa, Banks, herb. Stem simple, furnished with
peduncles at top, pilose and leafy to the middle, but quite gla-
brous and naked at top. Leaves with white edges ; lower anc
upper ones shortest. Peduncles bearing a solitary flower at top,
and sometimes pedicellate flowers in the axils of the bracteas.
CW/erf-leaved Prismatocarpus. PI. % foot.
9 P. LINARLEFOLIUS (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 169.) stem herba-
ceous ; leaves few, linear, narrow, ciliated a little at the base ;
flowers spicate, solitary or twin; bracteas broad- ovate, acumi-
nated, ciliated ; calycine lobes oblong-linear, glabrous. If. . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stem erect, simple, fur-
nished with a few floriferous leafy branches, striated wid
white nerves. Flowers disposed in loose spikes.
Toad-flax-haved Prismatocarpus. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
10 P. STRICTUS (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 169.) plant herbaceous,
simple ; leaves linear, acuminated, erect, glabrous, serrately
toothed ; flowers in fascicles ; bracteas ovate, acute, setaceously
ciliated; lobes of calyx linear, acuminated, glabrous. T(.. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lightfootia sessiliflora
Spreng. in Zeyhr. fl. cap. no. 203. and probably of Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 809. Stem simple, stiff', furnished at top will
few-flowered peduncles, glabrous, very leafy from the base
to the middle, but naked at top. Leaves decurrent. Flowers
sessile, usually 2-3 in a fascicle, from the axils of the bracteas, at
the upper part of the stem.
Straight Prismatocarpus. PI. 1 foot.
1 Corolla funnel-shaped. Style inclosed. Leaves scat-
tered equally over the whole plant.
IIP. NITIDUS (Lher. sert. angl. p. 2. t. 3. Alph. D. C. mon.
p. 170.) plant rather woody; leaves ovate-oblong, spreading,
serrated ; flowers in fascicles ; bracteas like the leaves ; caly-
cine lobes lanceolate, glabrous. 11 . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Campanula prismatocarpus, Ait. hort. kew. 1.
ed. 1. p. 224. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 153. Hook, in bot.
mag. 2733. Stem branched ; branches diffuse, woody. Flowers
2-4 in a cluster, towards the tops of the branches, sessile in
the axils of the bracteas, and sometimes solitary in the axils ol
the leaves. Corollas white.
Shining Prismatocarpus. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1787. PI. •£
to 1 foot.
12 P. SE'SSILIS (Eklon, in herb. Dunant. ex Alph. D. C. mon.
p. 171.) plant rather woody, glabrous; leaves spreading, linear,
narrow, entire ; flowers solitary, in the axils of the upper leaves ;
ealycine lobes subulate, glabrous. TJ.. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Stem much branched; branches diffuse, erect
or ascending, reddish. Flowers small.
Sessile-fiowereA Prismatocarpus. PI. 5 foot.
Cult. All the species of this genus are rather showy when in
flower. A mixture of sand, loam, and peat is the best soil for
them. They are readily increased by seed ; or young cuttings
grow freely if planted in the same kind of soil, with a hand-
glass placed over them.
CAMPANULACE^:. XI. ROEILA.
745
FIG. 129.
XI. ROE'LLA (in honour of William Roell, professor of
anatomy in the academy of Amsterdam). Lin. hort. cliff, p. 492.
t. 35. Gener. no. 219. Adans. fam. nat. 2. p. 134. Juss. gen.
165. Neck. elem. 1. p. 235. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 154. t. 31. f. 3.
Lam. ill. no. 346. t. 123. Gessn. phyt. p. 105. t. 13. f. 202.
Alph. D. C. mon. p. 172. — Campanula species Seb. thes. 1. p.
25. t. 16. f. 5. — Aculeosa, Pluk. aim. 8. t. 252. f. 4.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
funnel-shaped or tubular, large, 5-lobed (129. 6). Stamens 5 ;
filaments broadest at ihe base. Anthers free. Stigmas 2, thick.
Capsule cylindrical, 2-celled, wholly inferior, perforated by the
permanent base of the style, and therefore appearing as if it
was covered by an operculum, and at length dehiscing by a
large hole at the apex, without valves. Seeds angular, scabrous,
thick. — Subshrubs, rarely herbs. Leaves numerous, always al-
ternate, scattered over the whole plant, usually (jarrow and stiff.
Flowers sessile, terminal, and sometimes axillary. All the spe-
cies are natives of the Cape of Good Hope.
* Plants perennial. Stem moody, more or less erect. Leaves
stiff". Tube of calyx covered by the leaves. O
1 R. INCU'RVA (Banks, herb, ex Alph. D. C. mon. p. 1 72.)
leaves linear, acuminated, incurved at the apex : lower ones
setaceously ciliated : superior ones laciniately toothed ; flowers
solitary ; lobes of calyx glabrous, laciniately toothed ; corolla
variegated, length of the calycine lobes. T? • G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers solitary, terminal, surrounded by
imbricate leaves.
Incurved-leaved Roella. Shrub 1 foot.
2 R. CILIA'TA (Lin. spec. 1.
p. 241.) leaves erect, linear,
acuminated, ciliated : superior
ones longer and entire ; flowers
solitary ; lobes of calyx ciliated,
and laciniately toothed ; corolla
variegated, large, longer than
the calycine lobes. Tj . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope
and Barbary. Gaertn. fruct. 1.
p. 154. t. 21. f. 3. Lam. ill. t.
123. f. 1. Curt. bot. mag. t.
378. Lodd. bot. cab. 1156. De-
laun. herb. amat. 56. fasc. t.
332. Roella, Lin. hort. cliff, p.
492. t. 35. Flowers solitary,
terminal, surrounded by imbri-
cated leaves. Corollas white at
bottom, even to the base of the lobes, where there is a deep pur-
ple circle, and above the circle pale violet, girded by white, and
lastly the lobes themselves are rose-coloured (f. 129).
Ciliated-leaved Roella. Fl. Sept, Clt. 1774.
1 foot.
3 R. RETICULA'TA (Lin. spec. 1. p. 241.) leaves erect, subu-
late, ciliated ; flowers solitary ; lobes of calyx ciliated, short,
entire ; corolla white, twice the length of the calycine lobes. Jj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lam. ill. 2577. —
Petiv. mus. 21. f. 157. ex Lin. — Roy. lugdb. 248. Stems or
branches pilose, very leafy. Flowers solitary, terminating the
branches, and axillary at the top of the stem.
Reticulated-leaved Roella. Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
4 R. THUNBE'RGII (Roam, et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 185.) leaves
lanceolate, ciliated ; flowers solitary ; stem glabrous. 17 . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Campanula ciliata, Thunb.
fl. cap. ed. Schultes, p. 172. Stem filiform, erect, branched at
the top, weak. Leaves glabrous, with revolute margins. Flowers
terminal.
Shrub \
to
7'hunberg's Roella. Shrub 1 foot.
5 R. DUNA'NTII (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 175.) leaves erectish,
linear, acuminated, ciliated ; flowers solitary or glomerate ; lobes
of calyx downy inside, remotely toothed ; corolla longer than
the calycine lobes. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Roella, Eklon, in herb. Dunant. Stem branched, naked at the
base; branches diffuse. Leaves most numerous on the upper
part of the branches. E'lowers terminal, solitary, or 1-3 in a fas-
cicle. Corollas white.
Dunant's Roella. Shrub 1 foot.
6 R. CINE'REA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 175.) leaves erect, linear-
subulate, remotely denticulated, rather tomentose at the base ;
flowers solitary or in fancies ; lobes of calyx entire, glabrous ;
corolla twice the length of the calycine lobes. Ij . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hdpe, Campanula cinerea, Thunb. prod,
p. 38. mem. acad. petersb. 4. p. 368. t. 6. f. 4. R. glabrella,
Banks, herb. Stems, simple. Leaves usually furnished with
smaller ones in theifihcils. Flowers sessile, 4-6 at the top of
each stem, surrounded by leaves.
Cinereous Roella. Shrub 1 foot.
7 R. SPICA'TA (Thunb. prod. p. 38. Lin. suppl. p. 143.) leaves
lanceolate, ciliated ; flowers terminal, aggregate. 1? . G. Na-
tive, of the Cape of Good Hope. Stem very short, branched at
the Ijase, and rather decumbent. Leaves rising in fascicles from
the buds, glabrous, reflexed at the points. Corollas white.
Spiked Roella. Shrub decumbent.
8 R. SQUARROSA (Thunb. in Lin. suppl. p. 134.) leaves ovate,
acute, decurrent, cuspidate at the apex, and recurved, with ciliated
and setaceously toothed margins ; flowers glomerate ; bracteas
broad, ovate, acuminated ; lobes of calyx ovate, acuminated,
ciliated, one-half shorter than the corolla, which is white. Tj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lam. ill. 2579. Ait. hort.
kew. ed. 2d. vol. 1. p. 354. Stem branched, reddish ; branches
diffuse, reddish. Flowers disposed in terminal fascicles.
Var. ft, Bergii (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 176.) flowers solitary.
Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. R. squarrosa,
Berg. pi. cap. p. 42. R. filiformis, Lam. ill. no. 2580. t. 123.
f. 2. but not of Poir. R. rigidula, Banks, herb.
Squarrose-leaved Roella. Fl. July. Clt. 1787. Shrub J
to 1 foot.
* * Perennial, trailing, branched plants. Branches filiform,
very leafy. Leaves stiff. Tube of calyx naked, filiform.
9 R. MUSCOSA (Thunb. in Lin. suppl. p. 143. prod. p. 38.)
leaves spreading, ovate, acute, remotely serrated, glabrous ;
flowers solitary ; lobes of calyx ovate-acuminated, entire, gla-
brous, or a little ciliated, 3 or 4 times shorter than the corolla,
which is blue. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in
a large ditch in front of the Table Mountain. Rcem. et Schultes,
syst. 5!. p. 75. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 177. R. caespitosa, Banks,
herb. 'Burch. cat. pi. afr. no. 636. A humble trailing plant,
with diffuse branches. Flowers terminal, sessile.
Mossy Roella. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1802. PI. trailing.
Plant annual. Stem herbaceous, erect. Leaves thin,
broad. Tube of calyx naked, ovoid.
VOL. HI.
10 1. DECU'RRENS (Lher. sert. angl. p. 2. t. 6.) leaves spread-
ing, decurrent, ovate-oblong, ciliated at the base, nearly entire ;
flowers solitary ; lobes of calyx acuminated, ciliated, 3 times
shorter than the corolla. Q . F. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1st. vol. 1. p. 226. Lam. ill. no.
2582. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 74. exclusive of syn. bot.
rep. t. 238. Stem branched, very leafy, pilose. Flowers ter-
minal, blue. ?
Decurrent-lewed Roella. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1787. PI. ^
foot.
5 C
746
CAMPANULACEJE. XL ROELLA. XII. PHYTEUMA.
f Doubtful species.
11 R.? PEDUNCULA'TA (Berg. pi. cap. p. 42.) leaves linear,
narrow, glabrous, spiny-ciliated at the base ; peduncles terminal,
solitary, nearly naked ; flowers pedicellate ; bracteas ciliated ;
segments of the calyx lanceolate, acute, ciliated, shorter than the
capsule. »?. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Rcem.
et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 73. Alph. D. C. mon. P. 179. Habit of
R. cilidta. Leaves keeled below. Peduncles 2-flowered.
Pedunded-fiowered Roella. Shrub 1 foot.
12 R. ? BRACTEA'TA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 179.) leaves acute,
entire, linear-trigonal, reflexed, glabrous ; flowers terminal, almost
solitary ; bracteas ovate, acuminated, ciliated. ^ . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Campanula bracteata, Thunb. phyt.
bl. p. 20. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 115. Stem downy,
branched. Branches subsecund. Leaves furnished with smaller
ones in their axils. Flowers surrounded by bracteas.
Bracteate-fiowered Roella. Shrub 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Prismatocdrpus, p. 744.
Tribe II.
CAMPANITLE.S; (this tribe contains plants agreeing with
the genus Campanula in the fruit dehiscing laterally). Capsules
dehiscing at the sides.
XII. PHYTEU'MA (a name adopted by Dioscorides). Cse-
sal. 1. ix. cap. 30. Gessn. tab. phyt. Lin. gen. no. 292. Gsertn.
fruct. 1. p. 194. t. 30. Juss. gen. p. 165. Lam. ill. no. 2589. t.
124. f. 1. Schkuhr, ench. no. 118. t. 39. Juss. diet. sc. nat.
p. 40. p. 154. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 180. but not of Diosc. Co-
lumn. Dalesch. nor Matth. — Rapunculus, Dalesch. hist. p. 641.
Tourn. elem. 1. p. 92. pi. 38. inst. 1. p. 113. Adans. fam. 2. p.
134. &c. — Rapuntum, Lob. hist. p. 178. t. 329. — Rapunculum,
Lag. hist. p. 576. Lonic. p. 413. Dodon. pempt. p. 165.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
5-parted ; segments cohering together a long time, and in one
species always. Stamens 5, alternating with the lobes of the
corolla ; filaments long, filiform, broadest at the base ; anthers
free ; pollen violaceous or reddish. Style filiform, pilose.
Ovarium inferior, 2-3-celled. Capsule dehiscing laterally by
2-3 valves at the base or middle part. Seeds ovoid, sometimes
a little compressed, usually shining. — Perennial herbs. Leaves
alternate ; radical ones petiolate, different from the cauline ones,
larger and broader. Flowers sessile, or on short pedicels, dis-
posed in spikes or heads. — Natives of the temperate parts of
Europe, or nearly in the same latitudes in Asia.
SECT. I. SYNOTOMA (from aw, syn, together ; and rofia,
toma, a section ; in reference to the cohesion of the segments
of the corolla). Segments of corolla always cohering at the
apex. Filaments hardly broader at the base. Stigmas 2. Cap-
sule 2-celled.
1 P. COMOSUM (Lin. spec. 1. p. 242.) leaves coarsely and
acutely toothed : radical ones on long petioles, cordate, ovate-
roundish : cauline ones on short petioles, ovate-lanceolate, acute ;
bracteas large, obovate, coarsely toothed. 1£. H. Native of
Dalmatia, Carniola, south of Tyrol, and in the region of Mount
Baldo, on the alps, among rocks. Jacq. fl. austr. append, t. 50.
Host, fl. austr. 1. p. 275. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 181. but not of
Vill. Gouan, nor D. C. fl. fr. — Ponae, descript. mont. bald, in
Clus. hist. p. 336. with a figure. Barr. pi. obs. t. 889. — Bauh.
prod. p. 33. with a figure. Moris, oxon. sect. 5. t. 5. f. 49. —
J. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 811. with a figure.— Pluk. phyt. t. 152. f. 6.
Root woody. Plant glaucous. Leaves glabrous or pilose.
Flowers on short peduncles, disposed in loose umbel-formed fas-
cicles. Corolla inflated at the base, tube-formed, purple or blue.
Tufted Rampion. Fl. July. Clt. 1752. PI. i to ^ foot.
SECT. II. HEDRA'NTHUM (from edpa, hedra, a seat; and
avOot, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the flowers being ses-
sile). Segments of corolla cohering a long time at the apex,
but at length becoming free. Filaments expanded at the base.
Stigmas 2-3. Capsule 2-3-celled. Flowers sessile, densely
crowded, usually many from the axil of each bractea.
§ 1 . Heads at the time of blossoming hemispherical or glo-
bose, but at length either globose or somewhat egg-shaped.
* Bracteas numerous, equal, and broad.
2 P. GLOBULARifcrbLiUM (Stenrb. in Hoppe, denk. bot. in re-
gensb. 2. p. 100.) radical leaves crowded, obovate, broad, a
little toothed at the apex : cauline leaves few, sessile, obovate-
lanceolate, somewhat ciliated ; heads few-flowered ; bracteas very
broad, ovate-roundish, ciliated, a little toothed at the apex. It .
H. Native of Illyria, Carniola, and Carinthia, on the alps, and
on the alps of Salisburgh. Rchb. icon. bot. cent. 4. p. 49. t. j
365. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 76. exclusive of syn. of All.
Vill. Lam. and D. C. Hall, and Bauh. P. pauciflorum, Haenke,
in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 63. Host, fl. austr. 1. p. 274. but not of
Lin. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 464. sect. 5. t. 5. f. 50. Plant gla-
brous, except the ciliae at the base of the leaves. Corollas blue.
Globularia-leaved Rampion. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PI.
1 to 2 inches.
3 P. PAUCIFLORUM (Lin. spec. 1. p. 241.) leaves entire; radi-
cal ones crowded, short, narrow-linear, or obovate-lanceolate ;
cauline leaves few, sessile, linear-lanceolate ; heads few-flowered ;
bracteas ovate, acute, ciliated, a little toothed at the base. % •
H. Native of the Central and Eastern Pyrenees, especially on
the alps at Col de Tende ; Dauphiny, Mount Cenis, Vallais,
Carinthia, on the alps ; and probably on the alps of Carniola,
Transylvania, and France. All. ped. l.p. 115. Vill. dauph. 2.
p. 515. Rchb. icon. bot. cent. 4. p. 48. t. 364. Rapunculus
pauciflorus, Scop. earn. ed. 2. no. 241. ex Roam, et Schultes.
P. lanceolatum, Schleich. cat. 1821. P. globulariaefolium He-
getschw. fl. helv. 2. p. 420. reise, p. 146. t. 13. and 15. Gaud. fl.
helv. 2. p. 170. but not of Sternb. nor Hoppe. Stem glabrous
or pilose. Leaves glabrous. Heads globose, few-flowered.
Corollas deep blue.
Few-flowered Rampion. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. PI. 2 to
3 inches.
4 P. HEMISPH^'RICUM (Lin. spec. 1. p. 241.) leaves entire;
radical ones narrow-linear : cauline ones linear-lanceolate ;
bracteas ovate, acuminated, nearly entire, ciliated. I/ . H.
Native of the alps from Provence to Carinthia, towards the east,
even to Transylvania ; and on the north, to the woods of Her-
cynia and Hassia ; and on the west, on the mountains of Au-
vergne and Cevennes, as well as of the Pyrenees and Arragon.
Jacq. icon. rar. t. 333. Lam. ill. no. 2584. t. 124. f. 2. Rchb.
icon. bot. t. 363. P. Michelii, Lapeyr. abr. p. 109. P. pauci-
florum, Lapeyr. abr. p. 109. P. intermedium, Hegetschw. reis.
p. 147. t. 17. P. graminifolium, Sieb. herb. fl. austr. no. 71. —
Column, ecphr. 2. p. 23. t. 26. — Mor. hist. 2. p. 465. sect. 5.
f. 53. Plant glabrous. Heads of flowers globose; corollas blue.
Far. ft ; flowers white or yellow. I/ . H. Native of Switzer-
land.
Hemispherical-headed Rampion. Fl. July. Clt. 1752. PI.
| to J foot.
5 P. CARE'STLE (Birol, in act. taur. 5. p. 315. with a figure).
radical leaves crowded, lanceolate, on long petioles, nearly quite
entire : cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, somewhat serrated ;
bracteas spreading or reflexed, broad-ovate, acuminated, acutely
serrated, glabrous. 1^. H. Native of Corsica, on the moun-
CAMPANULACEjE. XII. PHVTEUMA.
747
FIG. 130.
tains ; and in valleys among the mountains of Sesia. Brugnat.
giorn. di. fisic. 1. dec, 2. p. 37. Lois. fl. gall. 1. p. 145. exclu-
sive of the syn. P. Sieberi. Plant glabrous. Heads of flowers
spherical. Corollas blue. ?
Carestia Rampion. PI. ^ to | foot.
6 P. HUVMILIS (Schleich. exsic. Murr. guid. en. val. p. 84.)
radical leaves crowded, linear-lanceolate, narrow at the base,
nearly entire : cauline leaves few, linear, entire ; bracteas ovate-
lanceolate, long-acuminated, toothed and serrulated, somewhat
ciliated. Tf.. H. Native of Vallais, in the fissures of rocks ;
on Mount RefFel, in the valley of St. Nicholas, and elsewhere in
the same valley, &c. Hegetschw. reis. p. 146. t. 16. fl. helv.
2. p. 422. in add. ex Gaud. fl. helv. 2. p. 173. exclusive of the
syn. P. Carestice. Plant glabrous. Heads of flowers globose.
Corollas blue.
Far. ft, humillima (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 186.) root thick;
stems very short. If. H. P. humile /3, Gaud. 1. c. P. 1m-
mile, Rchb. icon. bot. t. 364, f. 546.
Humble Rampion. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. PI. \ foot.
7 P. SIEBE'RI (Spreng. pug. 1. no. 29. Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 80.) radical leaves petiolate, ovate-roundish, subcor-
date, crenated : lower cauline leaves petiolate, lanceolate, coarsely
toothed : superior ones stem-clasping, acutely toothed ; bracteas
ovate, acuminated, pilose, coarsely and acutely toothed. "4. H.
Native of the Apennines, Carniola, and Tyrol, on the alps.
Rchb. icon. bot. t. 214. P. Charmelii, Sieb. P. orbiculare,
var. Schrad. P. intermedium, Jan. in herb. Sering. Stem
glabrous or pilose. Heads of flowers spherical. Corollas deep
blue.
Sieber's Rampion. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1826. PI. j tomfool.
8 P. ORBICULA'RE (Lin. spec.
1. p. 242.) radical leaves petio-
le, lanceolate, subcordate, cre-
lated : cauline leaves sessile,
linear-lanceolate ; bracteas ovate,
acute, entire. If . H. Native
of the alps of Europe, from
Abruzzo to Arragon, and the
Pyrenees ; also of Galicia, Sax-
ony, Transylvania, Switzerland,
and on the Carpathian moun-
tains. In England, in pastures
and by road sides, on a chalky
soil, but rare on the downs of
Sussex and Hampshire, in many
places ; in several parts of Sur-
rey and Kent ; plentiful near
Leatherhead. Jacq. fl. austr. t. 437. Smith, engl. bot. t. 142.
Lodd. bot. cab. t. 122. Hook. fl. lond. t. 55. P. comosa,
Gouan, fl. monsp. p. 26. Rapunculus orbicularis, Scop. fl. earn.
2. ed. 1. p. 150. demonstr. bot. t. 34. P. cordatum, Vill. dauph.
2. p. 517. t. 11. f. 1. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1466. P. hemisphse'-
ricum, Geners. elench. seep. no. 195. P. Scheuchzeri, Lapeyr.
abr. p. 109. P. Michelii, Hegetschw. reis. p. 148. t. 33. but
not of others. P. corniculatum, Riv. mon. irr. t. 109. f. 1.
Leaves glabrous or pilose. Heads round. Corollas deep blue.
far. J3, lanceolatum (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 188.) stem larger ;
leaves long-lanceolate, less cordate. If. . H. Native through-
out France. P. lanceolatum, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 517. t. 12. f. 1.
P. orbiculare /3, Lam. et D. C. fl. fr. no. 2861. PI. 1 ft. high.
Far. y, giganteum (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 188.) stem taller;
leaves long-lanceolate, less cordate. If. H. Native of France.
V. ellipticum, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 517. t. 11. f. 2. P. orbiculare
y, Lam. et D. C. fl. fr. no. 2860. Plant 1| foot high.
Far. S, comosum (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 188.) bracteas larger.
1;. H. Native of France. P. comosum, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 517.
Lam. et D. C. fl. fr. no. 2860. Rapunculus, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p.
331. P. orbiculare £, D. C. fl. fr. suppl. no. 2861.
Far. c, Columns (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 188.) radical leaves
small, ovate-cordate : lower cauline leaves lanceolate, serrated. —
Column, ecphr. pt. 1. p. 223. t. 224.
Far. 77, decipiens (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 188.) humble ; radi-
cal leaves short, elliptic-linear or linear, obsoletely crenated :
cauline leaves sessile, linear, bluntish. If. H. Native of
Switzerland. P. brevifblium, Schleich. cat. 1821. p. 25. P.
pilosum, Hegetschw. reis. p. 149. f. 34. P. orbiculare, Gaud,
fl. helv. 2. p. 176.
Orbicular-]eave& Rampion. Fl. June, Aug. England. PI.
| to 1| foot.
* Bracteas fen, unequal, narrow.
9 P. CHARME'LII (Vill. dauph. 2. p. 516. t. 11. f. 3.) leaves
of various forms ; radical ones on long petioles, cordate, ovate,
acute, coarsely serrate-toothed : lower cauline ones petiolate,
lanceolate, irregularly serrate-toothed ; heads spherical ; brac-
teas short, linear-lanceolate, spreading. If. H. Native of
Piedmont, Provence about Colmars, Dauphiny, and the Central
Pyrenees. All. auct. fl. pedem. p. 8. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 189.
P. orbiculare S, Willd. spec. 1. p. 922. P. orbiculare, A. Lam.
ill. no. 2586. Poir. diet. 6. p. 73. P. Scheuchzeri, Benth. cat.
p. 111. — Column, ecphr. 1. t. 224. obs. t. 525. and t. 526.
Plant glabrous. Heads spherical. Corollas blue.
Charmeli's Rampion. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. ^ to
1 foot.
10 P. SCHEUCHZE RI (All. pedem. no. 428. t. 39. f. 2.) radical
leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, bluntly serrated : lower cau-
line ones linear-lanceolate, acutely serrulated : upper ones linear,
nearly entire ; heads spherical ; bracteas very long, reflexed.
If. H. Native of Vallais, and nearly throughout the whole
southern declivities of the alps from Piedmont, through Pro-
vence, even to Tyrol. Sims, bot. mag. 1797. Rchb. icon. bot.
t. 366. P. ovatum, Lam. ill. no. 2585. exclusive of the syn. All.
t. 7. f. 3. P. corniculatum, Clairv. man. p. 63. Gaud. fl. helv.
2. p. 177. — Scheuchz. itin. 6. p. 460. Plant glabrous. ' Corollas
deep blue.
Far. f3, corniculatum (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 191.) radical
leaves deeply cordate ; bracteas longer than the heads or shorter.
If. H. Native of Vallais and Switzerland. P. Charmelii,
Murr. guid. en. vail. p. 84. Hegetschw. fl. helv. 2. p. 421.
Schleich. pi. exsic. P. Columnse, Thorn, cat. 1818. P. cornicu-
latum, 2. Gaud. fl. helv. 2. p. 178. P. Charmelioides, Birol.
Scheuchzer's Rampion. Fl. May.June. Clt. 1813. PI. 1 foot.
§ 2. Heads cylindrical, conical, or ovale at the time of flower-
ing, but at length they become more elongated.
11 P. SCORZONERIFOLIUM (Vill. dauph. 2. p. 519. t. 12. f. 2.)
leaves of various forms ; radical ones petiolate, ovate-cordate
or ovate : cauline leaves linear-lanceolate ; spikes ovate ; brac-
teas reflexed, linear, glabrous. If. H. Native of Dauphiny,
Vallais, Carniola, Savoy, &c. on the mountains. Rchb. icon,
bot. 3. t. 249. Gaud. fl. helv. 2. p. 181. exclusive of the syn.
P. scorzonerifolium, D. C. and persicifolium, Hoppe. P.
Scheuchzeri ft, Pers. ench. 1. p. 193. P. Scheuchzeri y,
Schultes, fl. austr. 2. ed. no. 881. P. betonicaefolium, Sims,
bot. mag. t. 2066. but not of Vill. P. Michelii, Schmidt, fl.
bohem. no. 187. Bert, amcen. ital. p. 342. but not of All. Plant
glabrous. Stems simple. Corollas pale blue.
Var. /3 ; flowers deep blue. If . H. P. scorzonerifolium,
Sims, bot. mag. t. 2271.
Salsefy-lcaved Rampion. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
12 P. MICHE'LII (All. pedem. 1. p. 115. no. 427. f. 7—3.)
5 c 2
748
CAMPANULACE.E. XII. PHYTEUMA.
radical leaves linear-lanceolate : cauline leaves linear ; spikes
ovoid, nearly globose ; bracteas reflexed, linear, downy ; calyx
pilose in the middle; stigmas 2. V- H. Native of Mount
Cenis. Rchb. icon. bot. t. 348. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 195. but
not of Hegetschw. Bertol. Pollin. nor Schmidt — Till. pis. p. 146.
Mich. hort. pis. et flor. p. 80. Bass. comm. acad. bonon. 4. p.
289. t. 1. Leaves glabrous or pilose. Corollas blue.
Micheli's Rampion. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. PI. 1 ft.
IS V. BETONICJEFOLIUM (Vill. dauph. 2. p. 518. t. 12. f. 3.)
lower leaves oblong, acuminated, simply serrulated : superior
ones linear-lanceolate, nearly entire ; spikes ovoid, almost bract-
less ; stigmas 3. If. H. Native of the Pyrenees, Provence,
alps of ^Dauphiny, Savoy, Switzerland, Apennines, Carniola,
Bohemia, &c. Rchb. icon. bot. t. 250. but not of Sims, bot.
mag. Stems glabrous. Leaves glabrous or pilose. Corollas
blue.
Var. ft, pubescens (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 194.) leaves downy,
and particularly so on the petioles. Tf..ti. Native along with
the species. P. cordifolium, Lapeyr. abr. p. 110. but not of Vill.
P. betonicaefolium, Gaud. fl. helv. 2. p. 181.
Var. y, sessilifolium (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) radical leaves sessile,
crowded, linear -lanceolate, not cordate. "V- H. Native of
Savoy, on the mountain called Cramont, and on St. Bernard.
Betony-leaved Rampion. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. |
to 1 foot.
14 P. VERONIC.SFOLIUM (Schrad. in litt. ex Alph. D. C. mon.
p. 196.) lower leaves on long petioles, cordate, long-lanceolate,
simply serrated : superior ones sessile, linear-lanceolate, serru-
lated ; spikes cylindrical, acuminated ; bracteas setaceous, gla-
brous ; calyxes glabrous ; stigmas 2-3. Native of Salisburgh,
in the valley of Cillara. Root turnip-formed. Leaves pilose.
Stem downy at the base, simple. Corollas blue.
Speedwell-leaved Rampion. PI. 2 feet.
15 P. PERSICIFOLIUM (Hoppe, cent, exsic. ex Alph. D. C.
mon. p. 196.) lower leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, simply
crenulated: cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, nearly entire ; spikes
oblong ; bracteas linear-lanceolate, glabrous ; calyxes glabrous ;
stigmas 2-3. If.. H. Native of Carinthia, in alpine meadows;
and the province of France called Lozere. P. scorzonerse-
fblium. Lam. et D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3d. no. 2866. Plant gla-
brous. Leaves like those of Campanula persicifolia. Corollas
blue. ?
Peach-leaved Rampion. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
16 P. SPICA'TUM (Lin. spec. p. 242.) lower leaves on long
petioles, cordate, ovate-acute, biserrated : superior ones ovate-
lanceolate ; spikes cylindrical, elongated ; bracteas linear-subu-
late, glabrous ; calyxes glabrous ; stigmas 2. If. H. Native
of the temperate parts of Europe, in woods even from the Pyre-
nees, Cevennes, Provence, Piedmont, Apennines, and Carniola,
to the north of Germany ; also of Galicia, Podolia, Transylvania,
and Volhynia. Lam. ill. no. 2589. t. 124. f. 1. Oed. fl. dan. t.
362. Gsertn. fr. 1. p. 149. t. 30. Schkuhr, ench.no. 430. t. 39.
Sims, bot. mag. t. 2347. Root fusiform. Plant glabrous. Stems
simple. Flowers white, cream-coloured, or blue.
Var. ft, bracteatum, (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 198.) plant pilose;
cauline leaves large, on long petioles; bracteas long. If.. H.
Native of the Pyrenees. P. Halleri, D. C. et Dub. bot. gall. p.
312. but not of Lam.
Spiked-fioviereA Rampion. Fl. July, Auz. Clt. 1597. PI.
1 to 3 feet.
17 P. HALLE'RI(AH. pedem. 1. p. 116.) lower leaves on long
petioles, cordate, ovate-acute, doubly and coarsely serrated :
superior ones lanceolate, serrated ; spikes ovate-oblong ; brac-
teas lanceolate, glabrous ; calyxes glabrous ; stigmas 2. ^ . H.
Native of the lower alps of Provence ; alps of Piedmont,"
throughout Switzerland and Salisburgh ; on Mount Cenis ; of
Carinthia, Bohemia, and Transylvania. Lam. et D. C. fl. fr. ed.
3d. no. 2868. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 199. but not of D.C. and
Dub. bot. gall. P. ovatum, Schmidt, new. abhand. bohem. pt. 1.
p. 20. Willd. spec. 1. p. 923. P. urticaefolium, Clairv. man.
miss. p. 63. P. spicatum, /3, cseruleum, Hegetschw. reis. p.
149. — Scheuchz. itin. 7. p. 518. — Hall. helv. no. 683. Stem
simple. Leaves glabrous. Corollas deep violet.
Holler's Rampion. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. 2 to 3
feet.
18 P. NI'GRUM (Schmidt, fl. bohem. 1. p. 87.) lower leaves
petiolate, cordate, ovate-acute, simply crenulated ; superior ones
sessile, linear-lanceolate, serrulated ; spikes ovate ; bracteas re-
flexed, linear-lanceolate, glabrous ; calyxes glabrous ; stigmas 2.
If.. H. Native of Bohemia. Willd. spec. 1. p. 922. exclusive of
the syn. of Vill. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 81. P. spica-
tum, var. y, Pohl, tent. fl. bohem. p. 210. P. Charmelii, Panz.
in herb. D.C. Plant glabrous. Stem simple. Corolla of a
very dark violet, almost black.
Black-Rowered Rampion. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
19 P. BALBisn (Alph. D. C. mon. p., 200.) radical leaves
petiolate, cordate, ovate-acute : cauline leaves few, nearly ses-
sile, ovate, acuminated ; spikes oblong-cylindrical ; bracteas few,
linear, rather pilose ; calycine lobes rather pilose ; stigmas 3.
If. H. Native of Piedmont, in Valley Pesio. P. cordata,
Balb. misc. alt. p. 10. Plant glabrous. Corollas white ; an-
thers yellow.
Var. /3, petrafum (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 200.) leaves entire ;
superior ones long-lanceolate. If. H. Rapunculus petreus,
Alp. exot. p. 343. and p. 344. with a figure. Moris, oxon.
sect. 5. t. 1. f. 12.
Balbis's Rampion. PL ^ foot.
SECT. III. PODA'NTHUM (from irove irodoe, pous podos, a
foot ; and avOoe, anthos, a. flower ; in reference to the flowers
being pedicellate). Segments of corolla cohering a long time at
the apex, but at length free. Filaments expanded at the base.
Stigmas 3. Capsule 3-celled. — Flowers on short pedicels, dis-
posed in loose spikes, 2 or 3 rising from the axil of each
bractea.
20 P. TENUIFOLIA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 201.) stems simple,
glabrous at bottom, but rather roughish at top ; cauline leaves
linear, entire, very narrow; flowers spicate. I/. H. Native
about Constantinople. Spikes 3 inches long, loose at the base,
and dense at top. Corolla whitish. Anthers yellow.
Fine-leaved Rampion. Fl. Aug. PI. 1 ft.
21 P. LIMONIIFOLIUM (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 218.) stem
branched ; radical leaves on long petioles, quite glabrous, lan-
ceolate, a little toothed ; spikes long, interrupted ; calyxes gla-
brous ; capsules ovoid, glabrous. 7/.H. Native of the Levant,
on the top of Mounts Olympus and Lebanon ; and of Caucasus
on the Talusch mountains. P. stricta, Sims. bot. mag. 2145.
P. virgata. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 667. P. stylosum Schrank, pi.
rar. mon. fasc. 5. t. 49. Campanula limoniifolia. Lin. spec,
l.p. 239. Stems twiggy. Plant glabrous. Flowers sessile, blue.
Limonium-leaved Rampion. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
22 P. COLLINUM (Guss. pi. rar. p. 97. t. 19.) stem nearly
simple ; radical leaves lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, rough-
ish, repandly denticulated ; spikes somewhat interrupted ; cap-
sules turbinate, scabrous, if.. H. Native of Japygia, on arid
hills, by the sea side. Campanula virgata, Ten. fl. neap. 1. p.
66. but not of Labill. Stems downy, simple or a little branched.
Leaves glabrous or downy. Corollas blue.
Hill Rampion. PI. 1 foot.
23 P. I.OBELIOIDES (Willd. phyt. 1. no. 20. t. 4. f. 2.) stem
CAMPANULACEjE. XII. PHYTEUMA. XIII. PETROMARULA.
749
nearly simple, roughish ; leaves scabrous, petiolate, linear-lan-
ceolate, acutely denticulated ; flowers scattered, on short pedi-
cels ; calyxes scabrous. If. H. Native of Armenia. — Tourn.
cor. p. 4. Flowers solitary or twin, blue. ?
Lobelia-like Rampion. PI. ^ foot.
24 P. LANCEOLA'TUM (Willd. spec. 1. p. 924. Desf. in ann.
mus. 11. p. 55. t. 5. or choix, des. pi. p. 34. t. 24.) glabrous ;
stems branched ; radical leaves crowded, on short petioles, lan-
ceolate, serrated ; flowers scattered, solitary, on short pedicels.
If. H. Native of Armenia. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 204. — •
Tourn. cor. p. 4. Stems 2-3, rising from the middle of the
radical leaves, almost naked. Flowers scattered on the tops of
the stems. Corollas white, with red nerves.
Lanceolate-leaved Rampion. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. PI.
| to 1 foot.
25 P. REPA'NDUM (Sibth. et Smith, prod. fl. greec. 1. p. 143.)
Stem glabrous ; radical leaves crowded, petiolate, elliptic-oblong,
repand, glabrous ; petioles imbricated at the base ; flowers spi-
cate ; bracteas fringed. 14- • H. Native of Mount Olympus.
Leaves rosulate, very like those of Globularia acaulis. Flowers
disposed in a loose spike.
/Jepanrf-leaved Rampion. PI. -| to -^ foot.
26 P. RIGIDUM (Willd. spec, 1. p. 925. exclusive of the syn.
of Tourn.) stem very simple, glabrous ; radical leaves linear-
lanceolate, furnished with very minute teeth on the edges ;
flowers scattered. If. H. Native of the Levant. Peduncles
branched a little, 3-flowered.
Stiff Rampion. PI. 1 foot. ?
27 P. CANE'SCENS (Waldst. et Kit. pi. hung. 1. p. 12. t. 14.)
plant scabrous ; stems simple ; cauline leaves sessile, ovate-lan-
ceolate, crenulated ; flowers disposed in long spikes. If. H.
Native of Hungary, Transylvania, Galicia, Podolia, Tauria, and
Caucasus. Leaves greyish. Flowers 1-3 from the same bractea,
sessile. Corolla of a violet blue colour. Plant yielding a yellow
viscid juice.
Canescent Rampion. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1804. PI. 1 to
3 feet.
28 P. SALICIFOLEUM (Waldst. et Kit. ined. Bess. prim. fl. gal.
1. p. 308. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 205.) stem quite simple, gla-
brous ; lower leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrate-toothed : superior
ones sessile, lanceolate, acutely serrated ; spikes short ; calyxes
glabrous. If. H. Native of Hungary, on calcareous rocks.
Leaves glabrous, except the margins, which are a little hairy.
Spike almost an inch long. Flowers solitary, sessile. Corollas
blue or violaceous ?
Willow-leaved Rampion. PI. ~ to 1 foot.
29 P. CAMPANULOIDES (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 156.) stem simple,
glabrous ; lower leaves petiolate, ovate, bluntish, crenated :
middle ones broad, sessile, ovate-acute, crenated : superior ones
lanceolate, serrated ; spikes short, dense ; calyxes glabrous. If.
H. Native of Caucasus, about Nartzana and the sides of Mount
Beschtau. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1015. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 206.
Campanula alopecuroides, Willd. herb. Leaves glabrous, or
with the margins and nerves pilose. Flowers disposed in a
spike 2-3 inches long, 1-3 together, from the axils of the
bracteas. Corolla of a violaceous blue colour.
Var. /3, Sibthorptanum (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 206.) stems and
leaves hairy. Tf.. H. Native of Mount Olympus. P. ellipti-
cum, Sibth. and Smith, prod. fl. grsec. 1. p. 143. fl. graec. t.
217. P. Sibthorpianum, Room, et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 84.
Campanula- like Rampion. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1804. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
30 P. AMPLEXICAU'IE (Willd. spec. 1. p. 925.) glabrous;
stems simple ; cauline leaves somewhat stem-clasping, ovate-
acute, broad, acutely serrated ; spikes dense, fascicled ; calycine
lobes capillary. 1£.H. Native of Armenia. Sibth. et Smith, fl.
graec. t. 219. — Tourn. cor. p. 4. Flowers sessile, 1-3 from
the same bractea. Corollas blue.
Stem-clasping-\ea.ved Rampion. PI. 1 to 1£ foot.
•f1 Species little known.
31 P. SIBIRICUM (Vest, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 77.)
heads many-flowered ; flowers all bracteate ; bracteas oblong,
stiff, acute ; leaves all linear-cuneated, toothed ; stem erect,
leafy. If.. H. Native of Siberia. P. pauciflorum, Johann.
herb, ex Rrem. et Schultes. Stem 2 inches high. Leaves 3-4
lines long. Heads of flowers like those of some species of Sca-
biosa or Globularia.
Siberian Rampion. PI. 2 inches.
32 P. INJEQUA'TUM (Kit. ex Schultes, fl. austr. ed. 2d. no.
883.) heads nearly globose ; radical leaves lanceolate, unequal
at the base, cordate, serrated : cauline leaves linear : superior
leaves sessile, quite entire. If. H. Native of Austria. Roem.
et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 80. Very nearly allied to P. Char-
melii.
Unequal-leaved Rampion. PI. £ to 1 foot.
33 P. FISTULOSUM (Reich, fl. dresd. fl. bot. zeit. 5. p. 534.)
leaves lanceolate, a little toothed, acuminated ; stem erect, sim-
ple, striated ; heads cylindrical. I/ . H. Native of Austria. P.
Scheuchzeri, Schmidt, fl. bohem. fie. fl. dresd. ed. 2. P. orbi-
culare, Buch. fl. dresd. fie. dresd. ed. 1. P. orbiculare alpinum,
Jacq. fl. austr. 437. left-hand figure. This plant has a very
peculiar habit, but the flowers have not been seen.
Fistular Rampion. PI. 1 foot.
34 P. STYLOSUM (Bess. cat. hort. crem. 1816. Rcem. et
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 88.). Nothing is known of this plant but
the name.
Long-styled Rampion. PI.
35 P.? MINU'TUM (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 87.) radical
leaves ovate-spatulate, sinuated : cauline leaves spatulate, quite
entire, obtuse, all glabrous ; flowers axillary, terminal. If. H.
Native on the top of Serra Texeda. Campanula Aghard, in
litt. to Roem. et Schultes. Radical leaves crowded. Stems as-
cending or decumbent, simple. Peduncles filiform, length of
leaves. Corollas blue.
Minute Rampion. PI. decumbent.
36 P. SUP!NA (Sieb. in Spreng. syst. 1. p. 810.) stem creep-
ing, diffuse ; leaves spatulate, subcrenated ; heads terminal ;
bracteas ovate, crenated, equal in length to the flowers. If . H.
Native of Asia Minor.
Supine Rampion. PI. creeping.
Cult. All the species of Phyteuma being hardy and orna-
mental, they are well fitted for decorating flower-borders, or
rock-work. They grow in any common garden soil, and are
readily increased by division or by seeds.
XIII. PETROMA'RULA (from irtrpoe, pelros, a rock ; and
', maron, a bitter herb ; the plant is bitter, and grows on
rocks by the sea side). Bellus. episc. 1. in Clus. hist. pt. 2.
p. 299. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 209. Phyteuma species, Lin.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
5-parted. Stamens 5, alternating with the lobes of the corolla ;
filaments broad at the base, longer than the anthers ; pollen
violaceous. Style glabrous ; stigma capitate, 3-lobed, rather
pilose. Ovarium 3-celled, inferior. Capsule erect, dehiscing
laterally by 3 pores in the middle part. — An herb, native of
Candia. — First radical leaves petiolate, ovate, acute ; those
afterwards pinnate, with the petioles marginated and lobed.
Flowers pedicellate, disposed in loose racemes.
1 P. PINNA'TA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 209.). I/ . or $ . H.
Native of Candia, on rocks by the sea side. Sweet, fl. gard. n.
CAMPANULACEjE. XIII. PETROMARCLA. XIV. MICHAUXIA. XV. CAMPANULA.
750
I, t. 224. Phyteuma pinn&tum, Lin. spec. 1. p. 242. Lam. ill.
no. 2591. Vent. eels. t. 52. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. t. 226.
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 86. Petromarula Rapunculum
Creticum &c. Barrel, icon. 1154.— Moris, oxon. 2. p. 454.
—Park, theatr. 649. f. 5.— Moris, ox. sect. 5. t. 1. f. 8.—
Ponae. bald. p. 38. with a figure.— Bauh. hist. 2. p. 81 1 . Plant
"labrous, 3-6 feet. Root fusiform. Leaves large, pmnatifid. Ra-
cemes long, forming terminal panicles. Corollas blue or white.
Var. ft°pubescens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 209.) panicle and calyxes
downy, y. or $. H. Native ofCandia. Phyteuma pinna-
turn. Rchb. hort. bot. t. 137.
Pinnate-leaved Petromarula. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1640. PI. 3 to
6 feet.
Cull. A light rich soil, and a warm sheltered situation, are
the best for this plant. It is increased slowly by division, but
plentifully by seed. The plant requires shelter in severe wea-
ther in winter.
XIV. MICHAU'XIA (named in honour of Andrew Michaux,
botanist to the King of France, who travelled into Syria, Persia,
and North America, and discovered this his genus). Lher. diss.
Lam. ill. 2. t. 295. Gaertn. fil. suppl. p. 162. t. 211. Alph. D.
C. mon. p. 211.— Mindium rhazes, Adans. fam. 2. p. 134. Juss.
gen. p. 164.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx 8-1 0-cleft, having
the recesses covered by appendages. Corolla 8-10-parted, rotate.
Stamens 8-10, free; filaments very broad, membranous, approxi-
mate at the base ; anthers yellow, cuspidate at the apex. Style
covered by hairs, which are disposed in 16 rows; stigmas 8,
filiform. Ovarium wholly inferior, 8-celled : cells opposite the
calycine lobes. Capsule drooping, 8-10-valved, dehiscing at the
base. Seeds numerous, ovate, rusty, inserted in fleshy recep-
tacles, which are situated at the inner angles of the cells —
Handsome biennial herbs, natives of the Levant, with the habit
of Campanula, but the recesses or sinuses of the calyx are
covered, and the leaves are lyrate.
1 M. cAMPANULoh>Es (Lher. diss. mon. with a figure) stem
pilose ; radical leaves lanceolate, irregularly lobed ; petioles
marginated and lobed ; appendages of the sinuses of the calyx
shorter than the lobes. $ . H. Native of the Levant, about
Aleppo, and on Mount Lebanon. Lam. ill. 2. t. 295. Curt. bot.
mag. 219. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 211. Campanula lyrsefolia,
Salisb. prod. p. 127. Michauxia strigosa, Pers. syn. 1. p. 418.
— Moris, oxon. 2. p. 460. sect. 5. t. 31. Mindium Rhazes,
Adans. fam. 2. p. 134. Medium Dioscoridis, or Mindium
Rhazis, Rauw. hodoep. part. 2. chapt. 12. p. 284. and part. 4.
t. 35. Root fusiform. Stem branched at top. Leaves stri-
gose as well as the stem, 3-4 inches long. Flowers drooping,
scattered along the stem and branches, from the axils of brae-
teas, on short pedicels, purple or pale red, octandrous. Corolla,
calyx, and stigma, S-parted.
Campanula- like Michauxia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1787. PI.
0 feet.
2 M. UEVIGA'TA (Vent. eels. t. 81.) stem glabrous; leaves
hispid, doubly toothed ; radical ones ovate, on long petioles :
cauline ones sessile, oblong, lower ones attenuated at the base,
upper ones cordate ; appendages of the sinuses of the calyx
longer than the lobes. $ . H. Native of Persia. Gaertn.
fruct. suppl. p. 162. t. 211. f. 6. Hook. bot. mag. 3128.
M. decandra, Fisch. Root branched. Stem and leaves glau-
cescent, the latter strigose. Flowers on short pedicels, horizon-
tal, solitary, and scattered along the top of the stem and branches,
decandrous, whitish. Calyx, corolla, and stigma, 10-parted.
Smooth- stemmed Michauxia. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1820. PI.
8 to 10 feet.
Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in the open ground,
and the plants treated like other biennials. They require some
protection in severe weather in winter.
XV. CAMPA'NULA (a dim. of campana, a bell; referring
to the shape of the flowers). Fuchs. hist. p. 43. Tourn. elem.
2. p. 90. t. 37-38. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 213. — Campanula spe-
cies, Lin. gen. no. 290. Adans. fam. nat. 2. p. 134. Juss. gen.
p. 164. Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 153. t. 31. Neck. elem. 1. p. 234.
Schk. ench. no. 117. t. 39. Lam. ill. no. 345. t. 123. Vent,
tabl. 2. p. 470. R. Br. prod. p. 560. — Roucela, Dumontier,
comm. bot. p. 14. — Medium, Fisch. mss. — Erineon, Pliny, 23.
ch. 17. — Cervicaria species, Cord. Dod. pempt. 164. — Rapum
species, Ruell. p. 458. — Trachelium, Lob. hist. 176.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft, having the
sinuses usually covered by appendages. Corolla 5-lobed or 5-
cleft at the apex, usually bell-shaped. Stamens 5, free ; fila-
ments broad at the base and membranous. Style covered by
fascicles of hairs, except at the base ; stigmas 3-5, filiform.
Ovarium wholly inferior, 3-5-celled. Capsule 3-5-valved, de-
hiscing laterally. Seeds usually ovate, flattened, sometimes
ovoid, and small. — Herbs usually perennial, rarely annual or
biennial. Radical leaves usually different in form from the cau-
line ones, especially in size. Flowers for the most part pedun-
culate, usually racemose, rarely spicate or glomerate, blue or
white. — All the species are inhabitants of the northern hemis-
phere.— The names Trachelium and Cervicaria are the oldest
names used for this genus, which were given to it on account of
its supposed efficacy in the cure of disorders of the neck and
trachea ; hence it has the name of Halskraut or Halsmort in
German, Halsurt in Danish, and Throatnort in English ; and
some European species have the name of Rapunculus, from the
resemblance of the root to that of a turnip ; hence they have the
names Rapum, Rapuntum, Rapunculus, &c., from whence spring
the Frencli name Raiponce, the German Rapunzel, the Spanish
one of Rapiunchigo, and the English one of Rampion.
SECT. I. ME'DIUM (a name employed by Dioscorides for some
species of Bell-flower). Alph. D. C. mon. p. 216. — M»;<W,
Diosc. — Medium, Fisch. mss. Marianthemum, Schrank, hort.
monac. — Rapuntia, Cheval. fl. par. 2. p. 526. Sinuses of calyx
covered by reflexed appendages. Capsule 3-5-celled, dehiscing
by valves at the base.
§ 1. Capsule 5-celled. Stigmas 5. — Stems many-flowered.
Radical leaves on long petioles. — Inhabitants of Greece and the
adjacent regions.
* Loner leaves irregularly lyrate or jagged ; petioles mar-
ginaled and lobed.
1 C. CRISPA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 581.) glabrous ; stems simple ;
leaves smooth, coarsely and crenately toothed : radical ones bi-
dentate, jagged : cauline leaves sessile, ovate, acute ; flowers
pyramidally racemose ; calyx scabrous, with the appendages of
the sinuses small and tooth-formed ; corolla broad, campanulate,
roughish on the outside, y.. H. Native of Armenia, about
the city of Kars and Erzeroum. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 216. —
Tourn. cor. 3. voy. 2. p. 370. Flowers disposed as in C. pyra-
midalis, rising from the lower or middle part of the stem to the
apex from the axils of the leaves. Corolla very open, white or
blue.
Curled Bell-flower. PI. 1 to 1| foot.
2 C. CE'LSII (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 217.) plant velvety ; stem
ascending ; lower leaves irregularly lobed : terminal lobe cre-
nated, ovate, acute : superior leaves sessile, obovate crenated :
flowers disposed in long panicles ; appendages of the sinuses of
CAMPANULACEJ2. XV. CAMPANULA.
751
the calyx small, tooth-formed ; corolla tubular, velvety, 4 times
longer than the calycine lobes. $ . H. Native of Greece.
C. tomentosa, Vent. hort. eels. t. 18. Stem branched. Corollas
pale violet.
Celt's Bell-flower. PI. 2 feet.
3 C. RUPE'STRIS (Sibth. et Smith, prod. 1. p. 142. fl. grsec. t.
21 3.) stems ascending, pilose ; leaves hoary: radical ones irre-
gularly pinnate, crenulately toothed : terminal lobe roundish ;
cauline leaves sessile, ovate, a little toothed ; flowers disposed in
loose racemes ; lobes and appendages of calyx triangular ; co-
rolla velvety, tubular, twice longer than the calycine lobes. $ .
H. Native of Spain and the Morea, among rocks. C. la-
nugin6sa, Willd. in hort. berol. 1. p. 213. but not of Lam.
Stems branched. Corolla pale blue, with a white throat.
Rock Bell-flower. PI. ascending.
4 C. TOMENTOSA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 584. ill. no. 2537.) plant
clothed with hoary tomentum ; radical leaves petiolate, irregu-
larly lyrate, crenate-toothed : cauline leaves sessile, obovate :
upper ones lanceolate ; flowers in loose racemes ; appendages of
the sinuses of the calyx ovate-lanceolate, one-half shorter than
the lobes, which are long-acuminated ; corolla tubular, silky,
hardly twice the length of the calycine lobes. I/ . H. Native
of the Levant. C. lanuginosa, Willd. in hort. berol. 1. t. 213. ?
but not of Lam. Stem branched. Peduncles 1-3-flowered.
Corollas white. ?
Var. ft, Ephesia (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 218.) radical leaves
not lyrate, regularly crenated ; calycine lobes snorter. 2/ . H.
Campanula, calyce duro, Ephesia, Tourn. herb.
Tomentose Bell-flower. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1810. PI. 1
foot.
5 C. LYRA'TA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 588.) plant hispid; lower
leaves petiolate, cordate, ovate, acute, crenated : superior ones
sessile, ovate-lanceolate, serrate-toothed ; flowers racemose ; ap-
pendages of the sinuses of the calyx ovate, obtuse, length of
lobes ; corolla tubular, with rather pilose nerves, twice longer
than the calycine lobes. If . H. Native of the Levant, and
about Constantinople. Stem branched. Flowers disposed in
a long, many-flowered, loose raceme, violaceous. ?
Lyrate-leaved Bell-flower. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI.
2 feet.
6 C. ANDREVSII (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 220.) plant villous ;
radical leaves lyrately-pinnatifid : lobes cut ; lower cauline
leaves petiolate, subcordate, roundish, coarsely toothed : upper
ones sessile, obcuneiform, toothed; flowers disposed in loose
racemes ; appendages of the sinuses of the calyx ovate, one-half
shorter than the lobes ; corolla campanulate, tubular. %. H.
Native of the Grecian Islands, on shady rocks. C. laciniata,
Andr. bot. rep. 385. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 351.
Smith, prod. fl. graec. 1. p. 141. but not of Lin. nor Lam. Stem
branched. Flowers in loose, elongated, leafy racemes. Corollas
glabrous, pale blue, white or yellow at the base.
Andrews' 's Bell-flower. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1790. PI. 1 to
2 feet.
7 C. LACINIATA (Lin. spec. 1. p. 237.) stems rather velvety;
leaves rather pilose : radical leaves ovate-lanceolate, coarsely
jagged ; petioles margined and lobed ; flowers disposed in loose
panicles ; appendages of the recesses of the calyx ovate, acute,
one-half shorter than the lobes; corolla large, campanulate, 3
times longer than the calycine lobe. Q . $ . H. Native of the
Archipelago, among rocks in the island of Cardiotissa. Lam.
diet. 1. p. 588. Stem branched. Cauline leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, sessile, smaller and less jagged than the radical ones. Co-
rollas pale blue.
Jagged-leaved Bell-flower. Fl. June, July. PI. 2 feet.
8 C. ANCHUS^EFLORA (Sibth. et Smith, prod. 1. p. 141. fl.
grsec. t. 212.) stems branched, rather velvety; leaves pilose,
ovate-lanceolate ; radical leaves petiolate, jagged : cauline ones
sessile ; flowers disposed in loose panicles ; calyxes smoothish ;
appendages of the sinuses of the calyx ovate, acute, one-half
shorter than the lobes. $ . H. Native of Greece, in the island
of Polycandro, and among rocks by the sea side in the island of
Hydra. Primordial leaves obovate, crenated. Flowers copious,
rather nutant, fine blue.
Anchusa-flowered Bell-flower. PI. 1 foot.
9 C. TUBULOSA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 586.) plant pilose; stems
terete; petioles of the lower leaves long, shortly lobed: limb
ovate, acute, crenately toothed : superior leaves ovate-lanceolate,
serrate-toothed ; appendages of the sinuses of the calyx obtuse,
one-half shorter than the lobes ; corolla velvety, tubular, twice
the length of the calycine lobes. $ . H. Native of the Island
of Candia. Flowers few, axillary and terminal, of a greyish
violet colour.
Var. /3 ; petioles of radical leaves less lobed. $ . H. Na-
tive of Candia. C. tubulosa, Desf. pi. cor. in ann. mus. 11. p.
142. t. 17. — Tourn. cor. p. 3.
Tw&M/ar-flowered Bell-flower. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
* * Lower leaves regularly ovate or lanceolate; petioles not
margined.
10 C. BETONICJEFOLIA (Sibth. et Smith, prod. 1. p. 141. fl.
graec. t. 210. but not of Bieb.) stem erect ; leaves elliptic-ob-
long or ovate, acute, crenate-toothed : radical leaves on short
petioles ; calycine lobes ovate-acute, having the sinuses reflexed
and length of the lobes ; corollas tubular. $ . H. Native of
Mount Olympus, in Bithynia. Plant pilose. Stem branched.
Flowers terminal and axillary ; the branchlets usually bearing
3 flowers. Corollas purplish-blue, with a pale yellow base.
Betony-leaved Bell-flower. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI.
1| foot.
11C. CORYMBOSA (Desf. pi. cor. in ann. mus. 11. p. 139. t.
15. choix. p. 40. t. 30.) stem erect; leaves ovate-acute, cre-
nately toothed : radical ones petiolate : cauline ones sessile ;
lobes of calyx long-acuminated ; appendages of the sinuses of
the calyx ovate-acute, one-half shorter than the lobes ; corolla
campanulately tubular. $ . H. Native of Candia. — Tourn. cor.
3. Plant pilose. Stem branched. Flowers disposed in loose
corymbs, 1-3 at the top of each branch. Corolla bluish
violet.
'Corymbose-fiowered Bell-flower. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820.
PI. 2 feet.
12 C. PELVIFORMIS (Lam. diet. 1. p. 586. Desf. choix. in ann.
mus. 11. p. 141. 1. 16.) stems ascending ; radical leaves petiolate,
ovate, crenately toothed : cauline ones nearly sessile, ovate-acute ;
calycine lobes ovate-acuminated ; appendages of the recesses of
the calyx length of lobes, ovate-roundish ; corolla large, cam-
panulate. $ . H. Native of Candia. — Tourn. cor. inst. p. 3.
Plant hairy. Flowers 1-4 at the extremity of each branch.
Corollas large, of a greyish-blue colour.
Bowel-shaped Bell-flower. PI. 1 foot, ascending.
13 C. ME'DIUM (Lin. spec. 1. p. 236.) stem erect; leaves ses-
sile, ovate-lanceolate, crenately toothed; calycine lobes ovate-acu-
minated, with the appendages of the sinuses reflexed and large,
but one-half shorter than the lobes; corolla campanulate, inflated.
$ . H. Native of the south and east of Europe, as about Naples,
Carniola, about Constantinople, north of Italy, Provence, Dau-
phiny at a place called Grande-Chartreuse, Bavaria, Thuringia,
Austria, Transylvania, &c., on the mountains; and of Caucasus
and Tauria, Hill. syst. 8. t. 7. St. Hil. pi. de. fr. t. 72. C.
grandiflora, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 334. MJJ^IOV, Diosc. — Debry,
floril. nov. t. 75. Tabern. icon. 315.— Swert, floril. t. 16. f. 6.
— Park, parad. 355. f. 3. — Lob. icon. 324. — Besl. hort. eyst. 1.
t. 3. f. 2-3.— Mor. oxon. 2. p. 459. sect. 5. t. 3. f. 30.— Garid.
752
CAMPANULACEJE. XV. CAMPANULA.
ais. 1. p. 75. t. 18.— Weinm. phyt. t. 289. Plant hairy. Stem
branched. Flowers numerous, large, disposed in racemes. Co-
rollas blue, purple, and white, single and double. It is a very
handsome and common border biennial.
J'ar. /3, a monstrous polypetalous plant. Alph. D. C. mon.
t. 8. f. A.
Medium Bell-flower, or Canterbury Bells. Fl. July, Sept.
Clt. 1597. PI. 1 to 4 feet.
^ 2. Capsule 3-celled. Stigmas 3. — Flowers solitary, rarely
capitate, fen or many.
* Stems \-flonered. Radical leaves crowded.
14 C. ADA'MI (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 153.) leaves ciliated a
little : radical ones on long petioles, cuneate-spatulate, coarsely
toothed at the apex : cauline leaves sessile, obovate or linear,
serrate-toothed ; calyx rather pilose, with acuminated lobes,
which are 3 times shorter than the corolla ; appendages of the
sinuses of the calyx 3 times shorter than the lobes, ovate, acu-
minated. If. . H. Native of the Alps of Caucasus. Bieb.
cent. pi. ross. 1. t. 16. Alph. D. C. mon. t. 9. f. 1. Plant
tufted. Root woody. Stems simple. Flowers nearly erect,
one on the top of each stem. Corolla funnel-shaped, bluish.
Radical leaves tufted.
Adam's Bell-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. PL £
foot.
15 C. BIEBF.RSTEINIA'NA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 147.
Alph. D. C. mon. p. 227. t. 9. f. 1.) glabrous ; leaves soft, cili-
ated : radical ones spatulate, toothed at the apex : cauline ones
sessile, entire, linear; calycine lobes oblong-lanceolate, twice
shorter than the corolla : appendages of sinuses ovate, acumi-
nated, 3 times shorter than the lobes. I/ . H. Native of Cau-
casus, among Alpine rocks. C. tridentata, Schreb. dec. 3. t.
2. Roam, et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 147. C. rupestris, Bieb. fl.
taur. 1. p. 154. Stems erect, 1-flowered, slender. Radical
leaves rosulate. Flowers nearly erect, blue?
Bieberstein's Bell-flower. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PL
| to | foot.
16 C. PILOSA (Pall. mss. Willd. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 148.) leaves ciliated at the base ; radical ones oblong-obovate,
petiolate, crenulated : cauline ones linear, acuminated, sessile,
entire ; lobes of calyx ovate, acuminated, ciliated, 3 times
shorter than the corolla ; corolla funnel-shaped, with a bearded
throat, y. . H. Native of Siberia. Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t.
209. Stems simple, hairy, 1-flowered. Corolla blue, form
of those of C. saxifraga, bearded, drooping.
Pilose Bell-flower. PL i to | foot.
17 C. SAXIFRAGA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 155.) stems smoothish ;
leaves a little ciliated, pilose : radical ones on long petioles, lan-
ceolate-spatulate, crenulated : cauline leaves sessile, entire, ligu-
late ; lobes of calyx broad, acuminated, glabrous, twice shorter
than the corolla; appendages of the sinuses of the calyx ciliated,
acuminated, doubly shorter than the lobes. . y.. H. Native of
Caucasus, on the upper part of Mount Beschtau, where it forms
broad tufts. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 228. t. 10. f. 2. Leaves
ciliated, with soft, hardly perspicuous hairs. Stem simple, 1-
flowered. Flowers erect, blue.
Saxifrage Bell-flower. Fl. June, July. PL % to | foot.
18 C. CILIA'TA (Stev. mem. soc. mosc. 3. p. 256.) stem
rather pilose ; leaves ciliated with stiff hairs ; radical leaves
almost sessile, obovate-lanceolate, crenulated, shining : cauline
ones ligulate, ciliated a little at the base : lobes of calyx ciliated,
linear-acuminated, one-half shorter than the lobes of corolla ;
appendages of the sinuses of the calyx ovate-acute, 4 times
shorter than the lobes, if. H. Native of the higher alps of
Caucasus, in stony places. Medium Saxifraeum. Fisch. in
8
l-flo\vered. Lower leaves rosulate.
litt. Stem solitary,
Flower erect, blue.
Ciliated Bell-flower. PL \ foot.
19 C. ALTA'ICA (Alph. D. C. mon. p, 229. t. 10. f. 3.) radical
leaves petiolate, long-lanceolate, crenated, glabrous; cauline
leaves ligulate, a little toothed, smoothish ; tube of calyx downy,
but with the lobes smoothish and doubly shorter than the co-
rolla, which is funnel-shaped ; appendages of the sinuses of the
calyx subulate, villous, 3 times shorter than the lobes. T£. H.
Native of the Altain mountains, about Sayen ; and of Persia.
C. Sayenensis, Fisch. cat. hort. gorenk. 1808. p. 52. but not
of Pall. Medium Sayanense, Fisch. in litt. C. frigida, Pall, in
herb. Lamb. Stems slender, 1-flowered, glabrous. Corolla
blue, nutant.
Altain Bell flower. PL £ foot.
20 C. DASYA'NTHA (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 147.) radical
leaves ovate, acute, petiolate, crenated, smoothish : cauline
leaves sessile, lanceolate, entire, downy ; calycine lobes ovate-
lanceolate, 3 times shorter than the corolla, which is funnel-
shaped ; appendages of the
sinuses small and subulate, li. FIG. 131.
H. Native of the Aleutian Is-
lands ; very frequent in the
Unalaschka, Behring's Island,
and Behring's Straits. Rchb.
icon. bot. 1. p. 70. t. 85.
f. 178.— Gmel. sib. 3. p. 160.
no. 28. Stem 1-flowered, pi-
lose or glabrous, nearly naked.
Flowers nearly erect, almost
naked. Radical leaves rosulate.
Corolla large, blue (/. 131).
Thick-flowered Bell-flower.
PL I foot.
21 C. ALLIONII (Vill. delph.
p. 18. dauph 1. p. 302. and 338.
vol. 2. p. 512. t. 10.) stem rather
pilose ; radical leaves linear-lanceolate, nearly entire, ciliated :
lower ones bluntish ; lobes of calyx linear-acuminated, rather
pilose, one-half shorter than the corolla : appendages of sinuses
ovate-acute, 3 times shorter than the lobes. If . H. Native of
Provence, Dauphiny, Piedmont, Mount Cenis, Switzerland. C.
alpestris, All. ped. 1. p. 113. t. 6. f. 3. C. barbata, Var. ft,
Schouw, pi. pfl. geogr. ital. p. 13. Root creeping. Stems 1-
flowered. Radical leaves rosulate. Flowers subnutant, large,
blue or white.
Var. ft, spalulata (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 231.) radical leaves
spatulate: cauline ones a little toothed. If.. H. C. nana ft,
Lam. et D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. no. 2851. C. Allionii, ft, Lam. et
D. C. fl. fr. L c.
Allioni's Bell-flower,
foot.
22 C. PALLASIA'NA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 138.)
stem 1-flowered, glabrous; leaves glabrous, lanceolate, ser-
rated, petiolate ; flower nutant ; calycine segments acute. % .
H. Native of Siberia. Like C. Allionii. Root creeping. Ra-
dical leaves an inch long : cauline ones 2 to 3 lines long.
Pallas's Bell-flower. PL i foot.
* Stems few or many-flowered. Flowers pedicellate, not
capitate.
23 C. SAXA'TILIS (Lin. spec. p. 237.) glabrous ; stems erect ;
leaves crenated : radical ones rosulate, somewhat spatulate :
cauline ones ovate, acute ; flowers few, racemose ; lobes of calyx
acuminated, one-half shorter than the corolla, which is tubular ;
Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PL
CAMPANULACEjE. XV. CAMPANULA.
753
style exserted. I/ . H. Native of Candia, on rocks by the sea
side, on the north side of the island. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2.
vol. 1. p. 350. — Bocc. mus. p. 76. t. 64. Barrel, obs. t. 813.
Flowers 3-5, disposed in a loose raceme. Corollas nutant,
blue.
Rock Bell-flower. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1768. PI. i foot.
24 C. HETEROPHY'LLA (Lin. spec. 1. p. 240.) quite glabrous;
stems decumbent, simple ; leaves entire : radical ones somewhat
spatulate : cauline ones ovate-roundish ; lobes of calyx acute ;
sinuses of calyx toothed a little. 3/ . H. Native of the island of
Chero. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. t. 208. Tourn. cor. 3. itin.
p. 243. with a figure. Flowers rising from the axils of the
leaves, on the upper part of the stem. Corolla campanulately
tubular, pale blue.
Various-leaved Bell-flower. Fl. Sept. PI. % to 1 foot.
25 C. OLIVIE'RI (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 233. t. 9.) plant clothed
with cinereous down ; stems erect, simple ; leaves nearly entire :
radical ones spatulate : cauline ones ovate, or ovate-roundish,
on short petioles ; flowers approximate ; calyx with acuminated
lobes, and subdentate sinuses. %. H. Native of Greece, on
the walls of Jupiter's temple, in the island of Deli. Stems
numerous. Flowers 3-6, crowded at the top of each stem. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped, blue. ?
Olivier's Bell-flower. PI. | to 1 foot.
26 C. CA'NDIDA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 234.) plant few-flow-
ered, of a pale hoary hue ; stems erect, simple : radical leaves
spatulate, nearly entire : cauline leaves ovate, sinuately toothed,
on short petioles ; calycine lobes acuminated ; sinuses of calyx
very short, tooth-formed. 2/ . H. Native of the Levant, among
rocks. Stems many, downy. Leaves downy beneath, and
silky above. Flowers few, terminal and axillary. Corolla
funnel-shaped.
White Bell-flower. PI. 1 to £ foot.
27 C. CALAMENTHIFOLIA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 585.) plant clothed
with greyish down; stems decumbent, branched ; leaves toothed:
radical ones rosulate, somewhat spatulate : cauline leaves obo-
vate ; lobes of calyx lanceolate, one-half shorter than the co-
rolla; sinuses of calyx short, tooth-formed. 71. H. Native of
the island of Naxia. Desf. cor. in ann. mus. 11. t. 12. Stems
numerous. Radical leaves rosulate. Flowers disposed in a
loose leafy raceme, erect, pale rose-coloured.
Calamint-leaved Bell-flower. PI. decumbent.
28 C. EDU'LIS (Forsk. fl. segypt. arab. p. 106. and 44. Alph.
D. C. mon. p. 233.) plant hispid ; root thick ; stems erect,
simple, 1 -flowered; leaves ovate-lanceolate, a little crenulated ;
calycine lobes linear-lanceolate, equal in length to the corolla,
which is hispid. If. . H. Native of Arabia Felix. Root thick,
sapid, and is eaten by children like those of many other species
under the names of chobs and okab. Corolla tubular, pale
blue or white, with violaceous veins.
Edible-rooted Bell-flower. PI. J foot.
29 C. STRIGOSA (Russ. alepp. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 142. Vahl. symb. 3. p. 34.?) plant beset with strigose hairs;
stem erect, with dichotomous branches ; leaves lanceolate, en-
tire ; calycine lobes subulate, equal in length to the corolla ;
appendages of the sinuses of the calyx obtuse. l/.H. Native
of the Levant, especially in Syria, about Aleppo. C. Russe-
liana, Roam, et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 142. Stem simple at the
base, and branched at the apex. Flowers solitary, drooping,
rising from the angles of the forks and tops of the branches.
Calyx very hispid.
Slrigose Bell-flower. PI. \ to ^ foot.
30 C. DICHOTOMA (Lin. amoen. acad. 4. p. 306.) plant clothed
with stiff hairs ; stem erect, with dichotomous branches ; cau-
line leaves ovate, acute, a little crenated ; flowers sessile in the
forks of the branches ; calycine lobes long, subulate, one-half
VOL. III.
shorter than the corolla; appendages of the sinuses of the calyx
subulate, one-half shorter than the lobes. I/ . H. Native in
the region of the Mediterranean ; near Athens ; in the south of
Italy, even to lat. 42°; frequent in Sicily ; Spain ; about Mogo-
dor ; Tangiers, &c. Jacq. coll. 5. p. 36. t. 12. Sibth. et
Smith, fl. graec. t. 211. Sweet, brit. fl. gard. t. 280. C.
mollis. Var. fl, Willd. spec, 1. p. 910. C. A'fra. Cav. ann. de
cienc. 3. p. 21. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 137. C. deci-
piens, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 142. — Cupan. pamph. sic. 2.
t. 259. Bocc. sic. p. 83. t. 45. f. 1. Moris, oxon. 2. p. 459.
sect. 5. t. 3. f. 26. Flowers drooping, terminal, solitary in the
forks of the branches and stem, bluish-purple, with a paler
tube.
Var. ft, brachiata (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 237.) appendages of
the sinuses of the calyx obtuse. Tf.. H. Native of Mauritania.
C. brachiata Salzm. ined.
Dichotomous Bell-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. |
foot.
31 C. MOLLIS (Lin. spec. 1. p. 237.) plant velvety from
greyish down ; stems ascending ; leaves nearly entire : radical
ones rosulate, spatulate : cauline ones ovate ; flowers in loose
panicles ; calyx velvety, with acuminated lobes, which are
twice shorter than the corolla, and with the appendages of the
sinuses short and subulate. "If.. H. Native of the region of the
Mediterranean ; about Tangiers ; Candia ; near Naples, at a
place called St. Roch, and elsewhere in the kingdom of Naples ;
Spain, &c. Curt. bot. mag. t. 404. C. velutina, Desf. fl. atl.
1. p. 180. t. 51. Plant tufted. Stem downy, also often villous.
Leaves more or less hoary on both surfaces, villous. Flowers
1 to 5 at the top of each stem, axillary and terminal. Corollas
campanulate, pale blue.
Var. (3, microphylla (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 238.) cauline leaves
small, ovate, acute, a little toothed. Tf.. H. Native of Spain ;
in Murcia, about Ellin.
Soft Bell-flower. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1788. PI. ascending.
32 C. STRICTA (Lin. spec. p. 238.) stem branched, pilose ;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrated, pilose ; flowers almost
sessile, few, solitary ; lobes of calyx glabrous, lanceolate, 4
times shorter than the corolla, which is tubular; appendages
of the sinuses of the calyx ovate, length of lobes, but broader.
I/ . ? or $ . H. Native of Armenia ; Syria, about Damascus, at
the mountain called Djebel-cher ; and of the island of Cois, on
the mountains, and elsewhere in Greece. Desf. cor. in ann.
mus. 11. t. 13. Flowers spicate. Corollas blue.
Var. /3 ; leaves narrower, and nearly entire, y.. H. Native of
Syria. C. stricta. Labill. pi. syr. dec. 5. t. 4. C. stricta, var. ft.
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 149.
Straight Bell-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819, PI. 1 to 2
feet.
33 C. SARMA'TICA (Ker. bot. reg. 237.) stems simple, straight,
downy ; leaves tomentose : lower leaves petiolate, cordate,
rather hastate, crenately- toothed : superior ones sessile, ovate-
lanceolate, serrate-toothed; flowers scattered, disposed in ra-
cemes ; calyx with a densely hairy tube and velvety lobes,
which are twice shorter than the corolla, and triangular ; ap-
pendages of the sinuses of the calyx small and tooth-formed ;
corolla velvety outside. If. . H. Native of Caucasus, in stony
places. C. betonicsefblia, Biehler, pi. nov. herb. Spreng. p. 14.
no. 26. ex Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 153. and suppl. p. 144. but not of
Smith, nor Bieb. C. gumrmfera, Willd. rel. in Rcem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 144. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 734. C. commutata,
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 143. Stems simple. Leaves
grey, cordate, lanceolate. Flowers nutant, usually secund, ter-
minal and axillary, forming a long, loose, scattered raceme.
Corollas pale blue.
Var. ft, glabra (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 240.) stem leaves gla-
5D
754
CAMPANULACEiE. XV. CAMPANULA.
brous, as also the calyx. If. . H. C. Sarmatica, Sims, bot.
mag. t. 2019. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 581.
Sarmatian Bell-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1803. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
34 C. AT.LIARMSFOLIA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 910. Salisb. par.
lond. t. 26.) stems simple, terete, downy; leaves crenulated,
hoary beneath : lower ones petiolate, somewhat reniform : upper
ones sessile, ovate, acute ; flowers spicately racemose ; lobes
of calyx velvety, hoary inside, lanceolate, acuminated, 4 times
shorter than the corolla, which is downy outside ; appendages
of the sinuses of the calyx ovate, acute, one-half shorter than
the lobes. Tf..H. Native of Siberia, Georgia, and Caucasus.
Room, et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 143. C. lamiifolia, Bieb. fl.
cauc. 1. p. 154. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 734. — Buxb.
cent. 5. p. 10. t. 18. Flowers sessile, secund, disposed in a long,
racemose, loose spike, with a few short floriferous branches
at its base, the lower flowers often 3 from each bractea. Leaves
hispid, and green above, but clothed with hoary tomentum be-
neath. Corollas white or cream-coloured.
far. ft, macrophylla (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 241.) radical
leaves hastate. It. H. C. macrophylla, Sims, bot. mag. t. 912.
Alliaria-leaved Bell-flower. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1803.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
35 C. VIOL2EFOLIA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 587.) plant humble, few-
flowered, pilose; radical leaves petiolate, ovate-roundish, cor-
date, crenated : cauline leaves ovate-oblong, toothed ; lobes of
calyx lanceolate, ciliated, long-acuminated; appendages of sinuses
of the calyx ovate, acute, one-half shorter than the lobes ; corolla
much longer than the calycine lobes. %. H. Native of Sibe-
ria. C. violae, Pers. ench. 1. p. 192. Leaves rather pilose.
Flowers 2-3, large, drooping, white, about the size of those of
C. Medium.
Violet-leaved Bell-flower. PI. \ to | foot.
36 C. PUNCTA'TA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 586.) plant pilose; stems
simple, few-flowered, terete ; leaves ovate, acute : radical ones
on long petioles, cordate-ovate, acute, crenated : cauline ones
almost sessile, toothed ; lobes of calyx ciliated, long-lanceolate,
3 times shorter than the corolla ; appendages of the sinuses of
the calyx ovate, acute, one-half shorter than the lobes. If.. H.
Native of Siberia, in the provinces called Okotsk and Jakutsk ;
and of Dahuria, even to the Eastern Ocean ; also of Japan.
Sims, bot. mag. t. 1723. Schrank, pi. rar. fasc. 9. t. 87. C.
Trachelium, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 88.— Gmel. sib. 3. p. 155. t. 30.
no. 23. Stem usually downy, panicled at top. Flowers large,
pendulous. Corolla dirty-white, spotted with purple inside.
DoMed-flowered Bell-flower. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1813.
PI. | to 1 foot.
37 C. DIVE'RGENS (Willd. enum. 1. p. 212.) plant pilose;
stem panicled ; radical leaves subspatulate, crenulated, nar-
rowed at the base : cauline ones sessile, lanceolate, acuminated ;
peduncles many-flowered, diverging; lobes of calyx bristly,
long-acuminated, 4 times shorter than the corolla : appendages
of the sinuses ovate, obtuse, one-half shorter than the lobes.
$ . H. Native of Siberia, alps of Transylvania, and Hungary.
Alph. D. C. mon. p. 243. Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 256.
C. spatulata, Waldst. et Kit. pi. hung. 3. p. 286. t. 258. but
not of Smith. C. nutans, Vahl, ined. Horn. hort. hafn. p. 201.
C. cernua, Hort. ex Horn. Balb. cat. hort. taur. 1813. p. 20.
but not of Thunb. Plant bristly rather than pilose. Leaves
ciliated. Panicle loose. Peduncles like the stem, usually tri-
chotomous. Flowers rather large, at first erect, but drooping
in the expanded state. Corollas glabrous, of a violaceous blue
colour.
Diverging Bell-flower. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1814. PI. U
foot.
38 C. SIBIRICA (Lin. spec. p. 236.) plant beset with bristle-
8
like hairs ; stem branched ; leaves crenulated : radical ones
crowded, petiolate, obovate, obtuse : cauline ones sessile, ob-
long-lanceolate, undulated, acuminated ; panicle many-flowered;
lobes of calyx long-acuminated, 3 times shorter than the co-
rolla : appendages of the sinuses form of the lobes, but one-half
shorter. $ . H. Native of the north and middle of Asia; east
of Europe, at the foot of the Alps ; Siberia, Altaia, Caucasus,
Iberia, Podolia, Volhynia, Germany, Galicia, Bohemia, Hun-
gary, Carniola, Vallais, Piedmont, &c. Jacq. fl. austr. 2. p. 60.
t. 200. Hill. veg. syst. 8. t. 96. Sims, bot. mag. 659. C. un-
dulata, Mcench, suppl. p. 189. C. paniculata, Pohl, tent. fl.
bohem. p. 207. C. racemosa, Gmel. reis. durch. russ. 1.
p. 153. — Gmel. sib. 3. p. 154. no. 2. t. 29. Leaves undulated.
Flowers numerous, drooping. Corollas of a bluish violet-
colour, rather large.
Var. a, paniculata (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 244.) panicle divari-
cate. A broad-leaved garden variety, very like C divergens.
Var. y, abortlva (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) plant 2 inches high, 3-
flowered ; leaves linear-subulate ; flowers small. $ . H. Na-
tive about Vienna, in very dry places.
Siberian Bell-flower. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1783. PI. 1 to
1| foot.
39 C. PARVIFLORA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 588. Desf. cor. in ann.
mus. 11. t. 14.) stem pilose, branched ; branches dichotomous ;
leaves crenately-toothed : radical ones on long petioles, ovate-
oblong, obtuse, unequally cut at the base : cauline leaves nearly
sessile, ovate-lanceolate ; panicle many-flowered ; calyx downy,
with ovate, acuminated lobes, which are 3 times shorter than the
corolla : appendages of the sinuses ovate, acute, about equal to
the lobes. If. . H. Native of Siberia. Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 148. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 245. Stem panicled at
top. Leaves glabrous, or rather villous. Corolla blue, 5-6-
lines long. Flowers numerous, small, drooping.
Small-flowered Bell-flower. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
40 C. CAUCA'SICA (Bieb. casp. p. 140. append, no. 14. fl. taur.
1. p. 155. Stev. mem. soc. mosc. 3. p. 256.) plant humble;
stems erect, branched, terete, scabrous, pilose ; leaves crenu-
lated, lower ones obovate, obtuse, petiolate : superior ones lan-
ceolate, sessile ; peduncles few-flowered, diverging ; lobes of
calyx acuminated, ciliated by hairs, 4 times shorter than the co-
rolla ; appendages of the sinuses of the calyx ovate-acuminated,
one-half shorter than the lobes. If. . H. Native of Caucasus,
in sub-alpine stony places. Root creeping. Leaves scabrous.
Flowers few, terminal and axillary, drooping. Corollas gla-
brous outside, but bearded inside, of a violaceous blue colour.
Caucasian Bell-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1804. PI. |
foot.
41 C. AFFINIS (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 140.) stems his-
pid with deflexed bristles ; cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, seta-
ceously ciliated, very long. Tf. . H. Native of Spain, on Mount
Lujo. Root horizontal. Stems numerous, simple. Leaves
glabrous, but ciliated with reflexed bristles. Flowers at first
erect, but at length drooping. Corolla above an inch long,
blue.
Allied Bell-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. | to 1
foot.
42 C. BARBA'TA (Lin. spec. 236.) stems nearly simple, terete,
pilose ; leaves villous, nearly entire : radical leaves crowded,
lanceolate : cauline leaves few, ligulate ; racemes loose, few-
flowered ; calyx pilose, with triangular acuminated lobes ; ap-
pendages of the sinuses of the calyx ovate, one-half shorter than
the lobes ; corollas bearded in the mouth. $ . I/ . H. Native of
the alps of Dauphiny, Piedmont, Savoy, and even to the alps of
Salisburgh and Austria ; in the south towards Mount Baldo ; as
well as of Siberia, Saxony, Transylvania, &c. Jacq. obs. pt. 2.
p. 14. t. 37. Krok. sil. t. 38. Sims. bot. mag. t. 1258. ex-
CAMPANULACE&. XV. CAMPANULA.
755
elusive of the synonymes. Lodd. hot. cab. t. 788. — C. Bauh.
prod. p. 36. with a figure. — Moris, oxon. 2. p. 4CO. sect. 5. t.
3. f. 33. and f. 35. Root thick, white. Flowers nutant, dis-
posed in a loose, often secund raceme ; pedicels 1 -flowered,
rising from the axils of the superior leaves. Corolla pale blue
or white, glabrous outside, but woolly in the mouth. PI. -j
foot high.
Var. ft, unifora (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 247.) plant small. I/ .
H. Native of Switzerland, on Mount Rossboden, and on Mount
Umbrail. — C. barbata, var. y. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
138. Gaud. fl. helv. 2. p. 163. C. Firmiana, Vand. in Rcem.
script, p. 55. Vand. fasc. p. 9. — Pluk. phyt. t. 153. f. 5.
Bearded-dowered Bell-flower. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1752.
PI. | to 1| foot.
43 C. ALP!NA (Jacq. enum. vind. 210.) humble ; stem nearly
simple, furrowed ; leaves linear-lanceolate, repandly-crenate,
woolly : radical ones crowded, narrowed at the base ; flowers
pyramidally racemose ; calycine lobes long-acuminated, woolly :
appendages of sinuses ovate-acute, woolly, much shorter than
the lobes. If.. H. Native of Europe, on the alps, especially
of Austria, Salisburgh, Germany, Silesia, Transylvania, and the
Carpathian mountains. Jacq. fl. austr. 2. t. 118. Sims, bot. mag.
t. 957. — Clus. hist. 5. p. 171. Root spongy, fusiform. Stem
glabrous or woolly. Flowers few or numerous, scattered in a
pyramidal manner along the whole of the stem. Corollas deep
blue.
Alpine Bell-flower. Fl. July. Clt. 1779. PI. \ to | foot.
44 C. SPECIOSA (Pourr. act. tol. 3. p. 309.) stem simple ;
leaves sessile, repandly crenated : radical leaves rosulate, linear-
lanceolate : cauline leaves linear ; flowers pyramidally racemose;
lobes of calyx linear-acuminated, ciliated : appendages of the
recesses ovate-triangular, ciliated, one-half snorter than the
lobes. %, H. Native of France, in the olive region, and in
central and eastern Pyrenees, and in that part of the Cevennes
called Capouladoux. D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. no. 2854. C. longifblia,
Lapeyr. fig. pyr. t. 6. abr. p. 107. C. thyrsoidea, Lapeyr.
abr. pyr. 106.? C. Allioni, Lapeyr. 1. c. p. 107. C. barbata,
Lapeyr. 1. c. p. 107. ? C. medium, Lapeyr. 1. c. 107. ? Root
simple, tuberculate. Stem glabrous or pilose, furrowed.
Flowers pedicellate, disposed in a pyramidal raceme, each pedi-
cel furnished with 2 bracteas. Corolla an inch long, smooth
outside, but often villous inside, blue, purple, or white.
Var. ft, bicaulis (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 248.) plant humble,
few-flowered; stigmas 2. I/.. H. Native of the Pyrenees.
C. bicaulis, Lapeyr. fig. pyr. p. 13. t. 7. C. longifolia, J3,
Lapeyr. abr. p. 107.
Showy Bell-flower. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1820. PI. i to l~ft.
* Flowers capitate.
45 C. CICHORA'CEA (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 209.) plant
pilose ; stem angular, branched ; leaves undulately crenated :
radical ones obovate, irregularly jagged, petiolate : cauline
leaves sessile, linear-oblong, obtuse ; bracteas ovate, cordate ;
calyx pilose, with ovate acute lobes ; appendages of sinuses of
the calyx obtuse, very like the lobes ; corolla tubular, 3 times
longer than the calyx. <J . H. Native of Thessaly. C. capi-
tata, Sims, bot. mag. t. 811.? Root fusiform. Leaves undu-
lated. Flowers capitate, terminal, and from the axils of the
leaves. Corollas purplish blue.
Chicory-like Bell-flower. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1768. PI.
3 feet.
46 C. LINGULA'TA (Waldst. et Kit. pi. hung. 1. p. 65. t. 64.)
plant hispid ; stem nearly simple ; leaves sessile, undulately
crenated : lower ones lingulately spatulate : superior ones linear-
lanceolate ; bracteas ovate, acute ; calycine lobes oblong, ob-
fuse, setaceously ciliated : appendages of sinuses similar to the
lobes; corolla tubular, twice longer than the calyx. O- H.
Native of Hungary, Croatia, and Dalmatia, in woods. Alph.
D. C. mon. p. 250. Root branched. Stems many from the
same root. Flowers in dense terminal heaps, surrounded by
setaceously ciliated bracteas.
Tongue-leaved Bell-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1804. PI. 1 ft.
SECT. II. EUCODON (from cv, eu, well ; and KW^WV, kodon, a
bell ; this section is considered to contain the true species
of Campanula). Alph. D. C. mon. p. 251. Campanula
Trachelium, Cervicaria, and Rapunculus of most of the old
authors. Trachelium and Rapunculus, Lin. gen. no, 290.
Sinuses of calyx not covered by appendages. Capsule 3-
celled, dehiscing laterally by the valves, sometimes at the base,
and sometimes at the apex.
§ 1. Capsule erect, dehiscing at the base. Flowers sessile,
capitate, or spicate. — All the species are inhabitants of Europe.
* Style exserted. Stems ascending, simple. Lower leaves
petiolate. Flowers glomerate, fub-pedicellate.
47 C. JACQUINI (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 251.) glabrous; stem
firm, glabrous ; leaves remotely serrated : lower ones on short
petioles, obovate : the rest ovate, bluntish and larger ; heads of
flowers loose, bractless ; calyx velvety, with acuminated lobes
much shorter than the corolla. 1£. H. Native of the island
of Candia, on walls on the Sphaceotic mountains. Phyteuma,
Jacquini, Sieb. herb. cret. Flowers disposed in a loose, terminal,
spherical head, on short pedicels. Corollas blue ?
Jacquin's Bell-flower. PI. \ to \ foot.
48 C. FOLIOSA (Tenor, fl. neap. 1. p. 71. 1. 18.) rather pilose ;
stem terete ; leaves doubly serrated : radical ones ovate, acute,
subcordate : cauline ones acuminated ; bracteas ovate, acumi-
nated ; calycine lobes long-acuminated, ciliated, denticulated,
one-third shorter than the corolla, which is tubular ; lobes of
corolla velvety inside. 1£.H. Native of the kingdom of Naples,
on the Apennines and Abruzzo. Heads of flowers globose, ter-
minal. Corollas blue.
Leafy Bell-flower. PI. 1 foot.
49 C. FETR^E'A (Lin. spec. 236.) stem rather woody, hoary ;
leaves crenulated, hoary beneath : radical leaves petiolate,
ovate-lanceolate : cauline ones sessile, linear-lanceolate ;
heads of flowers dense, surrounded by obtuse bracteas ;
calyx hoary, with linear obtuse lobes, doubly shorter than
the corolla, which is campanulate. 7/ . H. Native of Mount
Baldo, on rocks, in the wooded region ; and of the south
of France, at a place called Les Escalles d'Eglon. Poll. elem.
bot. 2. p. 150. t. 5. f. 1. — Moris, oxon. 2. p. 462. sect. 5. t. 4.
f. 44. — J. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 802. with a good figure.— Barrel,
pi. gall. p. 10. t. 890.— Pluk. phyt. t. 152. f. 5. Ponse, de-
script, mont. bald. p. 62. with a good figure. Stems ascend-
ing, simple. Leaves green, and pilose above. Flowers dis-
posed in a terminal bracteate head. Corollas white.
Rock Bell-flower. Fl. May. PI. 1 foot, ascending.
50 C. GLOMERA'TA (Lin. spec. 235.) downy ; stems terete ;
leaves serrulated: radical ones ovate, acute; bracteas ovate,
acuminated ; calycine lobes acuminated, twice shorter than the
corolla, which is funnel-shaped. 7{. H. Native nearly
throughout the whole of Europe ; especially from Arragon,
Pyrenees, south of France, Piedmont, northern part of the
kingdom of Naples, Greece, even to Scotland, Sweden, &c. ; col-
lected also in Caucasus, Persia, Altaian mountains, and almost
throughout Siberia, even to Kamtschatka, &c. &c. ; in shady
rocky places, by river sides, and in dry, open, chalky pastures ;
plentiful in Britain, in like situations. Smith, engl. bot. t. 90.
Gilib. demonstr. bot. t. 30. Oed. fl. dan. t. 1328. Gentiana
collina, With. 282. t. 11. f. 8. C. barbata, Spreng. ex Steud.
5D2
756
CAMPANULACE2E. XV. CAMPANULA.
C. betonicaefolia, Gilib. Kluk. in Bess. fl. gal. 2. p. 344. C.
graminifolia, Willerm. fl. lor. 1. p. 208. C. congesta, Rcem. et
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 125.— Weinm. pbyt. t. 290. f. c. and d.
Trachelium minus Lob. adv. 139. Cervicaria minor, Dodon.
pempt. 140. &c. Stems simple or branched. Radical leaves
more or less cordate. Flowers sessile, disposed in terminal heaps
on the branches and stem. Corollas glabrous, except the nerves
outside, bluish violet or white.
Var. j3, speciosa (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 254.) flowers glome-
rate, larger, and showy, "if. . H. Native of Siberia. C. spe-
ciosa, Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 957. Sims, hot. mag. 2649. but
not of Pourr. C. cephalotis or cephalantha, Fisch. mss. C.
glomerata, var. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 731. var. Dahurica, Ker. bot.
reg. t. G20. Flowers bluish violet.
Var. y, Nicceensis (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 254.) leaves ap-
proximate, ovate, acute, sessile ; flowers disposed in short dense
spikes. 11 . H. C. Nicseensis, Roam, et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
126. C. glomerata, Poll. fl. veron. 1. p. 276. C. glomerata,
var. All. pedem. 1. p. 1 12. t. 39. f. 1. Corollas of bluish-violet
colour.
Var. 8, elliptica (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 255.) leaves on long
petioles, elliptic, less cordate ; flowers large, capitate ; bracteas
large, often longer than the flowers. If . H. C. elliptica, Kit.
ex Schultes, fl. austr. ed. 2. p. 918. C. glomerata, Spreng. syst.
1. p. 731. C. glomerata ft, Willd. spec. 1. p. 904. — Bocc. mus.
t. 58.
Var. c, sparsifldra (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 255.) flowers disposed
in sessile, scattered, axillary heaps. I/ . H. C. aggregate,
Willd. enum. suppl. 1. p. 10. Nocc. et Balb. fl. tic. 1. p. 101.
t, 5. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 505. C. glomerata elongata, Fisch.
mss. C. glomerata ft, Lam. diet. 1. p. 508. Lam. et D. C. fl. fr.
ed. 3d, no. 2845. Corollas bluish-violet.
Var. £, cervicarioides (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 2,55.) stem flexu-
ous, hairy ; lower leaves on long petioles ; flowers terminal and
axillary. 11 . H. C. cervicarioides, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 128. C. glomerata, var. Clusiana, Re, flor. torin. p. 130.
Corollas bluish-violet.
Far. ri, farinosa (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 255.) leaves sessile,
hoary beneath ; flowers disposed in terminal heads, and smaller
axillary ones, all sessile. %.. H. C. petrae'a, All. pedem. 1.
p. 112. Krok. fl. sil. no. 319.? &c. Lam. et D. C. fl. fr. ed.
3. no. 2845. C. glomerata, Wallr. fl. hal. suppl. 3. p. 34.
C. glomerata affinis, Bess. cat. hort. crem. 1811. C. glomerata,
ft, farinosa, Rochel, pi. exsic. ex Bess. C. farinosa, Bess. enum.
pi. volh. p. 10. C. glomerata S, Moretti, pi. ital. dec. 3. p. 4.
Corollas of a bluish violet colour.
Var. 0, pusilla (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 255.) plant 1-2 inches
high; leaves round, cordate ; flowers few, capitate. %. H.
Var. i, fare plena ; flowers double, blue or white. T;. H. C.
glomerata S, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 124.
Glomerate-flowered Bell-flower. Fl. May, Sent. Britain. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
51 C. CERVICA'RIA (Lin. spec. 1. p. 235.) plant beset with
stiff pili ; stems furrowed ; leaves crenately serrated ; radi-
cal ones linear-lanceolate, bluntish, on short petioles : cau-
line leaves linear, acuminated ; bracteas ovate, acute ; calycine
lobes oblong, obtuse, doubly shorter than the corolla, which is
campanulately funnel-shaped. $ . H. Native of the temperate
parts of Europe, as of the Pyrenees, south of France, Piedmont,
and as far north as Sweden, but not of Britain ; of Russia, about
Moscow and Petersburg!! ; also of Transylvania, Galicia ; and
Siberia, about the Jaic and Jenessee, and about Barnaoul, and near
Riddersk and Alexandrousk. Oed. fl. dan. t. 787. Lodd. bot.
cab. 452. C. spicata, Geners, seep. no. 192.— Gmel. sib. 3. p.
157. t. 31 — Weinm. phyt. t. 288. f. 6.— Mor. oxon. sect. 5. t.
3. f. 34. Stem simple. Upper stem leaves half stem-clasping.
Heads of flowers terminal, round, bracteate. Corollas blue,
visually pale, pilose outside.
Throat-wort Bell-flower. Fl. July. Clt. 17C8. PL 1 to 2 ft.
52 C. MULTIFL6RA (Waldst. et Kit. pi. hung. 3. p. 292. t. 263.)
plant pilose ; stem striated ; leaves undulately crenated : lower
ones ovate-lanceolate : cauline ones acuminated ; spikes inter-
rupted from the flowers being in fascicles ; calycine lobes obtuse,
3 times shorter than the corolla, which is tubularly funnel-
shaped ; capsule bluntly triangular. $ . H. Native of Hungary,
on the mountain on which the town of Versitz is built. C. ma-
crostachya, Willd. enum. 1. p. 213. C. cervicaria imbricata,
Rochel, herb, ex Rcem. et Schultes. Stem simple. Corollas
glabrous, of a pale bluish-violet colour.
Many-Jlotvered Bell-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1814. PI.
1£ to 3 feet. •
53 C. SPICA'TA (Lin. spec. 1. p. 234.) hairy; stem striated;
leaves nearly entire ; radical leaves crowded, linear-lanceolate :
cauline ones linear-acuminated ; spike long, interrupted at the
base ; calycine lobes ovate, acuminated, 3 times shorter than the
corolla, which is funnel-shaped ; capsule spheroid. $ . H. Na-
tive of Europe, frequent on the south side of the alps about
Nice, Fenestrella, and Turin; and in the region of Mount Baldo; of
Italy, Provence, Dauphiny, Vallais, Carniola, Croatia, Portugal,
&c. All. pedem. 1. p. 112. t. 46. f. 2.— Pluk. phyt. t. 153. f.
3. Stem simple. Leaves sessile. Flowers sessile, 1-3 from
each bractea. Corolla glabrous, blue.
Var. ft, rambsa (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 261.) stem branched.
$ . H. C. spicata, Schmidt, fl. bohem. no. 182.
Var. y, spied interruptd (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 261.) leaves
elliptic-lanceolate ; spike interrupted. $ . H. C. spicata, var.
All. fl. pedem. no. 414. t. 47. f. 1. Lam. fl. fr. ed. 3. no. 2855.
Var. S, Hornschuchii (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 261.) plant small ;
leaves obovate-lanceolate ; corolla ovoid. $ . H.
Spicate-flowered Bell-flower. Fl. July. Clt. 1786. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
54 C. THYRSOIDEA (Lin. spec. 1. p. 235.) plant pilose; stem
furrowed ; leaves entire, pilose : lower ones lanceolate, obtuse :
cauline ones linear-lanceolate, acute ; flowers disposed in a dense
pyramidal spike ; calyx with a glabrous tube, and linear-lan-
ceolate ciliated lobes ; corolla oblong, doubly longer than the
calycine lobes ; style exserted ; capsule spherical. If. . H. Na-
tive of the alps of Europe, from Provence, Dauphiny, Savoy,
even to Carniola and Lower Austria ; frequent on the alps of
Jura and Dola. Stem simple, covered with leaves and flowers.
Flowers sessile. Bracteas often reddish. Corolla cream-coloured,
hairy.
Thyrsoid Bell-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1785. PI. Itol^ft.
§ 2. Capsule drooping, dehiscing at the base. Lobes of calyx
always entire. Flowers pedicellate.
* Flowers on more or less elongated pedicels. Radical leaves
usually cordate, petiolate. — Species almost all perennial.
A. Stems many-flowered. Corolla always glabrous. Capsule
ovoid. Species all natives of Europe.
55 C. LATIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 233.) stems simple, smooth ;
leaves large, doubly serrated ; radical ones petiolate, cordate,
ovate-oblong : cauline ones sessile, ovate-acuminated ; flowers
disposed in spicate racemes ; peduncles erect, 1 -flowered ; caly-
cine lobes long-acuminated, broad at the base, 3 times shorter
than the corolla, which is campanulately funnel-shaped and large.
"H. H. Native of Europe, from the Pyrenees and north of Italy,
even to Scotland ; of Caucasus, Lapland, Nordland, Carpathian
Mountains, Altaian Mountains, and Nipaul, always in moist woods
and thickets. Frequent in the alps of France and Switzerland.
Not unfrequent in Scotland and the north of England, but
CAMPANULACE.E. XV. CAMPANULA.
757
more rare in the south : in moist woods and thickets, by the
sides of rivulets. Oed. fl. dan. t. 85. and t. 782. Smith, engl.
bot. 302. C. urticsefolia, All. pedem. 1 p. 110. C. Brunonis,
Wall, cat — Weinm. phyt. t. 287.— Park. par. 355. f. 2.— Lob.
icon. 2. t. 278. Stem glabrous, rarely a little hairy. Leaves
glabrous, rarely rather scabrous. Flowers solitary, rising from
the axils of the superior leaves. Corollas large, blue, but some-
times white, or bluish-white, glabrous outside, but sometimes
bearded inside. Lobes of calyx often denticulated.
Far. (3, macrdntha (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 265.) stem and
leaves rather pilose : teeth of leaves more distinct ; calyx gla-
brous ; corollas larger. If. , H. C. macrantha, Fisch. ined.
V. latifolia, var. macrantha, Sims, bot. mag. 2553.
Far. ft, eriocdrpa (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 265.) stem and leaves
pilose and pale ; leaves less acuminated ; tube of calyx very
hispid. 1£. H. Native of Caucasus. C. eriocarpa, Bieb. fl.
taur. 1. p. 149. C. latifolia, var. macrantha and eriocarpa,
Fisch, in litt.
Broad-leaved Bell-flower. Fl. July. Britain. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
56 C. TRACHE'LIUM (Lin. spec. 235.) stems angular, pilose;
leaves scabrous, acuminated, coarsely and crenately toothed :
radical ones petiolate, cordate ; flowers disposed in loose ra-
cemes ; peduncles 1-3-flowered ; calyx rather pilose, with trian-
gularly acuminated erect lobes, 3 times shorter than the corolla,
which is campanulate. Tf.. H. Native of Europe, from Spain.
Portugal, Piedmont, Naples, and Greece, even to Scotland,
Sweden, Russia, and the Carpathian Mountains ; of Caucasus,
Tauria, Siberia, and even to Japan, in shady places. In Britain,
in groves, thickets, and hedges frequent. Smith, engl. bot. t. 12.
Oed. fl. dan. t. 1026. Hook. fl. lond. t. 109. C. gantelee,
Jaum. St. Hil. fl. ft. t. 47. C. urticaefolia or urticifblia,
Schmidt, fl. bohem. no. 173. p. 73. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. no. 374.
Tenor, fl. neap. 1. p. 68. — J. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 805. with a figure.
C. Cervicaria, Fuchs, hist. p. 431. with a figure. — Moris, oxon.
2. p. 459. sect. 5. t. 3. f. 28. Stem simple or branched, red-
dish. Leaves often doubly toothed, roughish. Flowers droop-
ing a little, 1-4 together, terminating the branchlets. Corolla bluish
violet and white, and all the shades between these two colours,
bearded inside. The name Trachelium is from rpa^ijXoc, the
neck ; alluding to the reputed virtues of this plant in disorders
of the throat, to which the other appellations of old authors
allude. A decoction of the herb, which is bitter and somewhat
acrid, was used as a gargle.
Var. ft; flower solitary, terminal. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 149.
Far. y, flore plena ; flowers double, blue and white, and all
the shades between these two colours. Theatr. flor. t. 69.
Far. S, monstrbsa (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 267.) flowers abortive,
degenerating into leaves. Hall. enum. p. 193.
Great Throat-rvort or Nettle-leaved Bell-flower. Fl. July, Aug.
Britain. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
57 C. RAPUNCULOIDES (Lin. spec. 234.) sterns rather sca-
brous ; leaves scabrous, ovate, acuminated : radical ones petio-
late, cordate, crenulated : cauline ones serrulated ; flowers dis-
posed in long spicate racemes, solitary ; calyx rather scabrous,
with linear-lanceolate lobes, which are afterwards reflexed ;
corolla funnel-shaped, 4 times longer than the calycine lobes,
i;. H. Native of Europe, from the Pyrenees, Dauphiny, Pied-
mont, Transylvania, even to Scotland, Sweden, and Lapland ;
in the plains about the Carpathian Mountains ; Caucasus, even
to the banks of the river Oby in Siberia. Frequent in Middle
Europe. In Britain, in woods and fields, but rare, in some woods
in Oxfordshire, among yew trees. It grows in Scotland, in
corn-fields, 2 miles north-west from Kirkaldy. Smith, engl.
bot. t. 1369. fl. dan. 1327. Plenck, icon. t. 152. C. nutans,
Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 336. but not of Waldst. et Kit. C. urtici-
fblia, Turr. prod. fl. ital. 64. no. 9. Vittm. summ. pi. 1. p. 454.
Turr. giorn. de veniz. t. 1. Gmel. syst. 2. p. 350. but not of All.
and Willd. C. Trachelium, Bull. herb. t. 319. C. secunda,
Schmidt, fl. bohem. 2. p. 74. C. morifolia, Salisb. prod. p. 126.
C. rigida, Stokes, mat. med. 3. p. 333. C. glabricarpa, Schleich.
pi. exsic. Root creeping. Stems glabrous or scabrous, usually
branched in gardens, but simple in the wild state. Flowers
drooping, solitary, disposed in spike-formed racemes, secund,
but usually hanging on all sides in strong garden specimens.
Corollas bluish-violet, and bearded a little inside.
Far. ft, cdlyce glaberrimo (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 268.) calyx
quite glabrous ; plant more or less glabrous and reddish. 1^ .
H. Native of the Ukraine. C. Ucranica, Bess. C. neglecta,
Bess. cat. hort. crem. 1808. p. 28. C. crenata, Link, enum. 1.
p. 214. C. infundibuliformis, Sims, bot. mag. t. 2632. Flowers
bluish-violet.
Far. y, macrophylla (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 268.) stem
branched ; racemes many-flowered ; leaves large. I/ . H. A
garden plant. Corollas bluish-violet.
Far. S, (Enipontana (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 268.) flowers few,
disposed in loose racemes ; peduncles long, erect, usually 1-
flowered; calycine lobes broader. %. H. C. (Enipontana,
Morett. ined.
Far. t, trachelioldes (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 269.) stem and
leaves beset with stiff1 white hairs, but particularly the calyx. I/ .
H. Native of Caucasus. C. trachelioides, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p.
150. no. 376. Stev. mem. nat. cur. mosc. 3. p. 255. C. Ucra-
nica, Spreng. nov. prov. p. 8. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 121.
C. macrostachya, Panz. herb. C. setosa, Fisch. mss.
Var. £, nana (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 269.) stem abortive, 1-3-
flowered. I/ . H.
Rampion-like Bell-flower. Fl. June, July. England. PI. 2
to 4 feet.
58 C. BONONIE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 1. p. 234.) scabrous; stems
simple ; leaves serrulated, ovate, acuminated, dark green above,
pale beneath : radical leaves cordate, petiolate : superior leaves
stem-clasping ; flowers numerous, small, disposed in long ra-
cemes ; calycine lobes acuminated, 4 times shorter than the
corolla, which is funnel-shaped. % . H. Native of the east of
Europe and west of Asia, from lat. 40° to 53°, and long. 15°
10' west, even to 60°; particularly in the northern elevated val-
leys in the kingdom of Naples ; Upper Italy, Piedmont, Saxony,
Prussia, Bohemia, Silesia, Caucasus, the Ukraine, and near the
Volga, &c. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 150. Rchb. icon. cent. 2. t. 111.
f. 221. C. Thaliana, Wallr. sched. crit. p. 86. Rchb. icon. cent.
2. t. 112.— Bauh. hist. 2. p. 806. — Moris, oxon. 2. p. 461. sect.
5. t. 4. f. 38. Tube of calyx blackish. Flowers smaller than
in any other nearly allied species, numerous, disposed in a simple
raceme, or the raceme is branched at the base. Corollas bluish-
violet, glabrous. Plant dark green. Leaves pale beneath.
Var. ft ; radical leaves very long. TJ. . H. Native of the
kingdom of Naples. C. obliquifolia, Tenore, fl. neap. prod. p. 15.
fl. neap. 1. p. 69. t. 17. Flowers bluish-violet.
Far. y; plant much branched, many-flowered. l^.H. Na-
tive of Caucasus. C. Bononiensis, var. a, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p.
151. C. multiflora, Hortul. C. lychnitis, Horn. hort. hafn.
1. p. 199. Flowers bluish-violet.
Far. S; leaves broader, tomentose beneath. Tf.. H. Native
of Tauria, Caucasus, and many parts of Russia, and the Levant.
C. petraea, Habl. taur. p. 157. ex Bieb. C. Bononiensis, Scop,
earn. 1. p. 147. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 730. C. Ruthenica, Bieb.
fl. taur. 1. p. 151. Willd. enum. p. 211. Sims, bot. mag. 2653.
Flowers bluish-violet.
Far, t. ; stems very simple. I/ . H. C. Bononiensis, All. fl.
pedem. 1. p. 111. C. simplex, Lam. et D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 730.
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 122. C. Bononiensis, var. ft, Bieb,
fl. taur. 1. p. 151. Flowers bluish-violet.
758
Bononian Bell-flowers. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1773. PI. 2 to
3 feet.
B. Stems fen-flowered or \-florvered. Corollas nearly always
glabrous. Capsule ovoid, rarely spheroid.
59 C. COLLIKA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 152.) stems simple ; lower
leaves on long petioles, ovate-oblong, crenulated : middle ones
lanceolate : superior ones linear-acuminated ; flowers few, se-
cund, disposed in a long raceme ; calycine lobes erect, lanceolate,
acuminated, doubly shorter than the corolla, which is funnel-
shaped. Tf.. H. Native of Caucasus and Tauria, on grassy
hills. Bieb. pi. rar. ross. 1. t. 42. Stem rather pilose. Leaves
smoothisli. Flowers distant. Calyx pilose. Corolla deep blue,
twice the length of the calycine segments.
Var. a ; plant larger ; petioles very long ; germen hispid.
I/ . H. Native of Iberia, on the mountains, and of Tauria.
Var. a, Bieb. 1. c.
Var. ft ; plant larger ; leaves shorter, and on shorter petioles ;
calyxes glabrous. 11 . H. Native of Caucasus and Iberia.
C. collina, Sims, bot. mag. 927. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2d. vol. 1.
p. 348. Var. ft, Bieb. 1. c.
far. y, pilmila; plant dwarf. — Tourn. cor. p. 4. C. Iberica,
angustifolia, &c. var. ft, Bieb. 1. c.
Var. S ; flowers white. I/. H. — Tourn. cor. p. 4.
Hill Bell-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1803. PI. 1 foot.
60 C. PAUCIFLORA (Desf. choix. du. cor. p. 36. t. 26. ann.
mus. 1 1. p. 57. t. 7.) stems branched ; leaves dentately serrated :
radical ones ovate-roundish, petiolate : cauline ones ovate, on
short petioles ; flowers few, terminal ; calycine segments subu-
late, erect; corolla funnel-shaped, twice the length of the caly-
cine segments. 1£. H. Native of Candia, on the mountains,
among bushes. Stem slender. Plant glabrous. Flowers hang-
ing one way, solitary, terminating the branches and stem. Co-
rolla campanulate, bluish-violet. The capsule is said to be 5-
celled.
Few-flomered Bell-flower. PI. 1 to 1-J foot.
61 C. NEMOROSA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 274.) stems simple;
radical leaves on long petioles, cordate, ovate-oblong, crenated :
cauline leaves sessile, long-acuminated, serrated ; flowers dis-
posed in loose racemes ; calycine segments subulate ; corolla fun-
nel-shaped, twice longer than the calycine lobes, y.. H. Na-
tive of Austria and Moravia, in woods. C. elongata, Portenschl.
but not of Willd. nor others. Plant glabrous. Racemes often
furnished with few-flowered peduncles at the base. Corollas blue.
Grove Bell-flower. PI. 1| foot.
62 C. RHOMBOIDA' LIS (Lin. spec. p. 233.) stems almost simple;
leaves sessile, ovate, acute, serrated ; flowers few, disposed in
loose racemes, pedunculate ; segments of calyx subulate, erect ;
corolla campanulate, twice longer than the calycine segments ;
capsule ovoid. 1£ . H. Native of the temperate parts of Europe,
on the mountains ; as of the Pyrenees, mountains of Auvergne,
alps of Provence, Dauphiny, Savoy, Switzerland, Germany,
Carniola, &c. ; and of Russia and Tauria. C. rhomboidea, Lin.
spec. 233. Gilib. demonstr. bot. t. 27. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 603.
C. azurea, Sims, bot. mag. t. 551. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2d. vol. 1.
p. 348. C. venosa, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 10. — Barrel, icon.
78. t. 567. — Bocc. mus. p. 75. t. 61. — J. Bauh. hist. 2. p.
798. with a figure. Stern glabrous, or a little pilose, furnished
with flower-bearing branches at top. Flowers usually drooping,
but sometimes looking upwards, very like those of C. rotundi-
folia. Corollas hardly one-half longer than the calycine lobes,
blue, glabrous.
Var. ft, lanceolata (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 275.) leaves crowded,
lanceolate, nearly entire. l/.H. Native of the Pyrenees. C.
lanceolata, Lapeyr. abr. p. 105. C. rhomboidalis angustifolia,
Benth. cat. pyr. p. 66. Flowers blue.
CAMPANULACEjE. XV. CAMPANULA.
Far. y, reflexa (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves broader ; calycine
lobes reflexed. I/ . H. Flowers blue.
Var. H, polypetala (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves long-lanceolate,
nearly entire ; corollas 5-parted. If. . H. Flowers blue.
Rhomboidal-leaived Bell-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1775.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
63 C. TRICHOCALYCINA (Ten. fl. neap. prod. p. 16. fl. neap. p.
67. t. 16.) stems simple; leaves on short petioles, ovate, acute,
coarsely serrated ; flowers few, racemose ; calycine segments
reflexed, long-capillary, nearly equal to the corolla, which is
profoundly 5-cleft, and funnel-shaped ; capsule ovoid. I/ . H.
Native of the kingdom of Naples, on the mountains : of Sicily,
on the Nebrodes ; and of Candia. C. Alburnica, Brigant. stirp.
rar. in giorn. encycl. sept. 1817. Root simple, fusiform. Stems
glabrous, but hairy at the base. Flowers disposed in an almost
simple terminal raceme, approximate at the top, 1-3 rising from
each axil, at the time of flowering erect, but afterwards drooping.
Corolla pale violet.
Hair-calyxed Bell-flower. Fl. July. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 to
3 feet.
64 C. CA'RNICA (Schiede, mss. ex Alph. D. C. mon. p. 277.)
stems ascending, weak, few-flowered ; leaves glabrous : lower
ones obovate or lanceolate : upper ones linear ; calycine seg-
ments very long, reflexed ; corolla tubular, elongated. %. 1 H.
Native of Carniola and Carinthia, on the mountains. Root
slender. Plant glabrous. Flowers few, on long peduncles, soli-
tary, inclined. Corolla blue, glabrous.
Carniola Bell-flower. PI. | to £ foot.
65 C. HOSTII (Baumg. enum. 3. p. 342.) stems few-flowered ;
leaves with scabrously ciliated margins : radical ones few, round-
ish, cordate, broad, toothed : cauline leaves lanceolate and linear ;
flower-buds drooping ; calycine segments subulate, spreading or
reflexed; corolla funnel-shaped. Tf.. H. Native of Transyl-
vania, Austria, and Carinthia, in pastures, woods, and on the
mountains ; and on the alps of Jura. Stems glabrous or scabrous,
simple or branched at top. Flowers more or less numerous,
pedunculate and pedicellate, as in C. rotundifolia, drooping.
Corollas blue. Very like C. rotundifolia.
Far. ft, uniflora (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 277.) stem 1-flowered,
ascending, weak ; cauline leaves few, linear-lanceolate, petiolate.
11. H.
Host's Bell-flower. PI. 1 foot.
66 C. PETIOLA'TA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 278.) quite glabrous ;
stems simple, few-flowered ; radical leaves on long petioles, cor-
date-roundish, toothed ; petioles marginated ; lower cauline
leaves lanceolate, remotely toothed, petiolate : upper cauline
leaves linear, entire ; calycine lobes erect, subulate ; corolla
campanulate, twice longer than the calycine lobes. I/ . H. Na-
tive of North America, near Slave Lake. Plant with the habit
of C. rotundifolia. Root slender. Flowers 3-4, at the top of
the stem, erect, but at length becoming recurved. Corollas blue.
Petiolate-leaved Bell-flower. PI. 1 foot.
67 C. LINIFOLIA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 579.) stems erect; radical
leaves few, petiolate, ovate, sinuated : cauline leaves linear, en-
tire ; calycine segments long, erect, 2 or 3 times shorter than the
corolla, which is large and campanulate. 1(1. H. Native of
Europe, on the mountains ; as of the Pyrenees, Auvergne,
Dauphiny, Vallais, Alsatia, alps of Italy, Austria, Transylvania,
and the Carpathian Mountains ; but wanting in the more northern
regions of Europe. Scop. earn. 1. p. 144. C. angustifolia,
Lam. ill. 2499.? C. Schleicheri, Sut. fl. helv. 1. p. 124. C.
rotundifolia linifolia, ft et y, Lapeyr. abr. p. 104. C. rotun-
difolia, ft, Wahl. helv. p. 39. but not of his fl. lapp. C. vir-
gata, Rafin. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 100. ? — J. Bauh.
hist. 2. p. 797. with a figure. Root slender, creeping. Plant
quite glabrous, rarely a little downy. Flowers few at top of
CAMPANULACEJE. XV. CAMPANULA.
759
each stem, but usually only one, drooping. Corollas large, blue,
of a form between those of C. rotundifolia and C. persicce-
folia.
Far. ft, Valdensis (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 279.) plant downy.
Tf. . H. Common on the alps. C. Valdensis, All. pedem. no. 400.
vol. 1. p. 109. t. 6. f. 1. Lam. et D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3d. no. 2835.
C. linifolia, Haenke, in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 81. Sut. fl. helv. 1. p.
123. C. uniflora, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 500. t. 10. but not of Lin.
C. subuniflora, Lam. ill. no. 2500. C. rotundifolia linifolia a,
Lapeyr. abr. p. 104. C. linifolia ft, Schouw. C. Rohdii, Lois,
fl. gall. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 140. t. 24. Flowers blue.
Far. y, Scheuchzeri (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) plant small, glabrous ;
stems 1-flowered; segments of the calyx long. 7/ . H. Com-
mon on the alps. C. Scheuchzeri, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 503. t. 10.
but not of Lodd. bot. cab. t. 485. C. linifolia, Willd. spec. 1.
p. 893. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 101. Flowers blue.
Var. S, Langsdorffiana (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 279.) glabrous ;
stems erect, usually 1-flowered ; radical leaves ovate-roundish,
entire: lower cauline leaves obovate-lanceolate. %. H. Na-
tive of Arctic America, from Greenland even to Sledge Island,
and of the Aleutian Islands, and Eastern Siberia. C. Langs-
dorffiana, Fisch. mss. C. rotundifolia, var. Horn, in herb. D.
C. Perhaps a proper species.
Flax-leaved Bell-flower. FL June, Aug. Clt. 1813. PL |
to ^ foot.
68 C. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 232.) radical leaves petiolate,
cordate, roundish, crenately toothed : cauline leaves linear or
lanceolate ; flower-buds erect ; calycine segments subulate, short,
erect, 3 times shorter than the corolla, which is campanulate. 3£ .
H. Native throughout Europe, Siberia, and North America ;
plentiful every where in Britain. Cav. valent. t. 2. All. pedem.
1. p. 108. t. 47. f. 2. CEder. fl. dan. t. 1086. Drev. et Hayne,
term. bot. t. 5. f. 9. Smith, engl. bot. 866. Curt. lond. fasc. 4.
t. 21. Jaum St. Hil. pi. fr. t. 418. C. uniflora, Huds. angl.
ed. 1st. p. 81. but not of Lin. C. minor, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 339.
C. variifolia, Salisb. prod. p. 126. C. minuta, Savi, fl. etrusc.
p. 554. C. Scheuchzeri, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 485. but not of others.
C. heterophylla, Gray, brit. arr. 2. p. 408. C. allophylla,
Rafin. mss. Root creeping. Stems numerous. Plant glabrous.
Flowers drooping, solitary, pedunculate, few on each stem. Co-
rollas deep blue. In France the plant is called Clochette ; in
Germany, Weisen-Busch, Grass-glas, or Milch-Glocken, and
Kleine ruilde Rapunzel; in Denmark, Gemeene Smaa Klokkler ;
in Sweden, Angklackor and Blakackor ; and in Britain, Blue-
Bells and Milknort. The juice expressed from the flower makes
a very good blue ink, and a good green colour mixed with alum.
The roots are eaten by children in many parts.
Far. ft, velutlna (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 282.) plant small, of a
grey colour, downy; stem few-flowered. "%.. H. D. C. fl. fr.
suppl. no. 2832. Flowers blue.
Far. y, major (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 282.) cauline leaves long-
lanceolate ; flowers larger. !(. . H. C. rotundifolia ft, Lam.
diet. 1. p. 578. Pers. ench. 1. p. 188. Flowers blue.
Far. 8, tenuifolia (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 284.) radical leaves
oblong : cauline ones linear ; stems elongated, slender. If. . H.
Rapunculus esculentus, Oed. fl. dan. t. 855. C. rotundifolia
tenuifolia, HofFm. fl. germ. 1800. p. 100. C. rotundifolia par-
viflora, Wahl. fl. ups. p. 78. fl. suec. 1. p. 134. C. anterrhina,
Schleich. Flowers blue.
Far. e, albiftora; flowers white.
Round-leaved Bell-flower. Fl. June, Aug. Britain. PL i to
1 foot.
69 C. C^SPITOSA (Scop. earn. 1. p. 143. t. 4.) plant humble,
few-flowered, glabrous ; radical leaves crowded, on short peti-
oles, ovate, glandularly toothed, shining ; buds, flowers, and
capsules drooping ; calycine segments linear, erect, 3 times
shorter than the corolla, which is campanulate ; pollen violaceous.
I/ . H. Native of the temperate parts of Europe, on the moun-
tains ; as of the Pyrenees, Dauphiny, Savoy, Switzerland, Mount
Baldo, Apennines, Austria, Carinthia, Bohemia, Transylvania,
Carpathian Mountains, &c. C. cochlearifolia, Lam. diet. 1 . p.
578. but not of Wahl. C. pusilla, Hasnke, in Jacq. coll. 2. p.
79. Sut. fl. helv. 1. p. 123. &c. C. Bellardi, All. pedem. 1.
p. 108. no. 396. t. 85. f. 5. C. rotundifolia ft, Lin. spec. 1. p.
232. ft et a. Willd. spec. 1. p. 892. var. 2. Lapeyr. abr. p. 103.
var. caespitosa, Boissieu, fl. d'eur. t. 135. C. pumila, Sims, bot.
mag. t. 512. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5 p. 96. Root fibrous,
creeping. Stems numerous, tufted. Flowers terminal, solitary,
and sometimes 3-4 at the top of each stem. Corollas deep blue
or pure white.
Far. ft, pubescens (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 284.) stems elon-
gated, 1-flowered, downy; leaves few, rather hairy; corolla
broad. 7/.H. Native of Bohemia. C. pubescens, Schmidt,
fl. bohem. no. 167. Rchb. icon. bot. 1. t. 78. C. caespitosa ft,
Poir. suppl. 2. p. 55. Flowers blue.
Far. y, imbricata (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 284.) leaves crowded
at the base, imbricated, linear-lanceolate ; flowers numerous ;
corollas narrow. 1f..H. Native of Carinthia, and about Vienna.
C. Bocconi, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 502. exclusive of the syn. of
Gmel. C. imbricata, Heyne, ined. — Bocc. mus. t. 103. Flowers
blue.
Tufted Bell-flower. FL May, Aug. Clt. 1813. PL i to |
foot.
70 C. ARISTA'TA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 98.) plant quite
glabrous; stems erect, 1-flowered; radical leaves petiolate, lan-
ceolate, acute, undulated : cauline leaves sessile, narrow-linear,
glandularly denticulated ; calycine segments long-subulate, twice
longer than the corolla ; capsule very long, obconical. I/ . ? H.
Native of the north of India, about Laddack. Root thickish,
rather fusiform, divided at top. Flowers small, solitary, ter-
minal, drooping. Tube of calyx very much elongated. Corolla
funnel-shaped, pale blue.
Awned-calyxed Bell-flower. PL 1 foot.
71 C. SYIVA'TICA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 97.) plant sca-
brous from short stiff hairs ; stems erect, straight, few-flowered ;
cauline leaves linear, narrow, nearly entire ; calycine segments
erect, subulate ; corolla campanulate, downy, twice longer than
the calycine segments. 1£ . ? H. Native of Nipaul, in shady
humid places. C. stricta, Wall, asiat. res. 13. p. 374. C. inte-
gerrima, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 155. Habit of C. rotundi-
folia, but probably without any roundish radical leaves. Stems
simple or branched. Flowers terminal, on long peduncles, dis-
posed like those of C. rotundifolia. Corollas blue.
Wood Bell-flower. PL | to 1 foot.
72 C. VE'SULA (All. pedem. 1. p. 108. no. 397. t. 7. f. 1.)
stems 1 -flowered ; leaves glabrous, oval, toothed ; stems nearly
naked ; calyx glabrous. Tf. . H. Native of Piedmont, on Mount
Vesulus. Leaves many at the roots, petiolate, with a few scat-
tered hairs beneath. Flowers campanulate, spreading.
Vesulus Bell-flower. PL •§ foot.
73 C. DU'BIA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 286.) glabrous; stems 1-
flowered; cauline leaves erect, narrow: lower ones linear- lan-
ceolate, petiolate : superior ones long-acuminated; calycine lobes
subulate ; corolla tubularly funnel-shaped, twice longer than the
calycine lobes. %. H. Native of Newfoundland. Flowers
erect, terminal, very like those of C. rotundifolia.
Doubtful Bell-flower. PL | to | foot.
74 C. PRATE'NSIS (Pyl. ined. ex Alph. D. C. mon. p. 287.)
stems humble, 1-flowered, most leafy above ; leaves all petiolate,
ovate, acute, subcrenated ; calycine segments long-acuminated,
one-third shorter than the corolla. I/ . H. Native of Newfound-
land, by the sea side. Plant glabrous. Corollas funnel-shaped.
760
CAMPANULACE.E. XV. CAMPANULA.
Meadow Bell-flower. PI. £ foot.
75 C. PO'LLA (Lin. spec. p. 231.) stems humble, 1-flowered ;
leaves glabrous, crenulately toothed : lower ones on short peti-
oles, ovate-roundish : superior ones sessile, ovate, acute ; caly-
cine segments long-acuminated, erect, twice shorter than the
corolla, which is campanulate. %. H. Native of Transylvania,
Bohemia, alps of Austria, Syria, Carniola, &c. in shady places.
Jacq. obs. bot. 1. p. 30. t. 18. fl. austr. 3. t. 285. Gilib. de-
monstr. bot. t. 26. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 554. Sims, bot. mag.
2492. Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 80. Plant small. Stems rarely
pilose at the base, but usually glabrous. Root slender. Flowers
terminal, large for the size of the plant. Corollas of a deed vio-
laceous blue colour.
Var. ft, rambsa (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 288.) stems branched
a little. If.. H. C. pulla j3, Lin. spec. p. 231. ? C. pulla, var.
Scop. earn. 1. p. 143.— C. Bauh. prod. t. 35.?
Russet Bell-flower. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1779. PI. | to |
foot.
76 C. EXCISA (Schleich. pi. exsic. Murr. guide en Vail. p.
33. and 35.) plant glabrous, humble ; stems slender, 1-flowered;
lower leaves linear-acuminated ; calycine lobes setaceous, spread-
ing, at length reflexed, 3 times shorter than the corolla, which is
funnel-shaped; sinuses of corolla cut ; capsule obconical. If..
H. Native of Switzerland, on the higher alps in the valley of
St. Nicholas; at Saas ; and about Simplon, &c. Lodd. bot. cab. t.
561. Rchb. icon. cent. 1. 1. 78. Re, fl. pedem. alt. p. 193. in mem.
acad. turin, t. 31. Gaud. fl. helv. 2. p. 147. t. 2. Stems nume-
rous, erect, slender, simple, naked at top. Leaves entire, or
remotely denticulated. Flowers drooping before and at the
time of expansion. Corollas blue.
CtU-flowered Bell-flower. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI.
J to £• foot.
77 C. WALDSTEINIAVNA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 99.)
glabrous ; stems erect, flexuous, stiff", simple, few-flowered ;
leaves sessile, lanceolate, serrated : lower ones obtuse : superior
ones long-acuminated ; alabastra erect ; calycine lobes subulate,
subdenticulated, spreading, 4 times shorter than the corolla,
which is campanulate. I/ . H. Native of Croatia, on the moun-
tains, in the fissures of rocks. Rchb. icon. bot. cent. 1. t. 85.
C. flexuosa, Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 2. p. 145. t. 136. C.
rupestris, Host, fl. austr. 1. p. 263. Stems numerous from the
same root, stiff. Flowers 3-4 at the top of each stem, one of
which is terminal, and the others from the axils of the superior
leaves, always looking upwards. Corollas of a violaceous blue
colour.
Waldstein's Bell-flower. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. %
to |. foot.
78 C. APARINOIDES (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 159.) gla-
brous ; stem weak, ascending, simple, few-flowered, having the
angles beset with short retrograde bristles ; lower leaves linear-
obovate : the rest linear and acuminated : all remotely denticu-
lated, and beset with retrograde short bristles ; calycine lobes
triangular, twice shorter than the corolla, which is campanulate ;
capsule spherical. 0. H. Native of North America, in humid
meadows about Elizabeth Town, on the banks of the Hudson,
near Boston ; Philadelphia, and West Chester in Pennsylvania.
C. erinoides, Muhl. cat. p, 22. Bigel. fl. bost. p. 54. Nutt. gen.
amer. 136. but not of Lin. and Willd. Root slender. Flowers
2-4, terminal, pedunculate, small, erect. Corollas white.
Var. ft, multiflura (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 290.) stem erect ;
panicle divaricate.
Goose-grass-like Bell-flower. Fl. June, Aug. PI. 1 foot.
79 C. FLEXUOSA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 109.) glabrous ;
stem panicled at top, with erectish branches ; leaves most fre-
quent in the middle and above, almost sessile, lanceolate, acumi-
nated at both ends, coarsely serrated ; calycine lobes capillary,
twice shorter than the corolla, which is tubularly campanulate ;
style a little exserted. If.. H. Native of Carolina, on high
mountains. Stems erect, angular. Leaves very few at the base,
but crowded at top. Flowers panicled, terminal and axillary.
Corolla blue.
Flexuous Bell-flower. Fl. Aug. Sept. PI. ^ to £ foot.
80 C. DIVARICA'TA (Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 109.) gla-
brous ; stem panicled at top, with the branches diverging ; leaves
equally scattered over the stem, nearly sessile, ovate-lanceolate,
acuminated at both ends, coarsely serrated, with rather scabrous
edges ; calycine lobes capillary, twice shorter than the corolla,
which is tubularly campanulate ; style a little exserted. I/ . H.
Native of Carolina and Virginia, on the mountains; and of Ken-
tucky, &c. Stems leafy to the middle, and almost naked in the
upper part. Flowers small, drooping, terminating the branches
and branchlets. Corolla azure blue.
Bell-flower. PI. 2 to 4 inches.
c. Plants few-flowered, pilose. Corolla downy outside. Cap-
sule usually turb'mate, and probably always drooping. — All natives
of Nipaul.
81 C. CA'NA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 101.) tomentose ;
stems ascending, branched ; leaves sessile, approximate, lanceo-
late, toothed, hoary beneath ; flowers terminal ; segments of
calyx lanceolate, toothed, twice shorter than the corolla, which
is funnel-shaped and pilose : capsule turbinate. 1£. H. Native
of Nipaul, on the mountains near Gosaingsthan. Root fibrous.
Stems many, ascending, densely covered with white hairs, as
well as the upper surfaces of the leaves. Flowers on short pe-
duncles, terminating the stem and branches. Corollas blue.
Hoary Bell-flower. Fl. Oct. PI. ascending.
82 C. CANE'SCENS (Wall. cat. no. 1289.) plant hispid ; stem
erect ; radical leaves crowded, lanceolate, crenulated : cauline
leaves remote, narrower, repandly denticulated ; flowers race-
mose, often approximate, on short pedicels, small ; tube of calyx
spherical: lobes linear, entire; corolla tubular, pilose. O- H.
Native of Nipaul ; and Hindostan, about Rampore. Alph. D. C.
mon. p. 292. C. Benthamii, Wall. cat. no. 1290. Root
slender. Stem branched from the base or simple. Flowers
numerous, small, 4-6 at the top of each branchlet, the whole
forming a many-flowered loose raceme.
Canescent Bell-flower. PI. 1 foot.
83 C. COIOKA'TA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 101.) stem
branched, downy ; leaves scattered, lanceolate, acute, repandly
denticulated ; peduncles elongated, terminal and axillary ; calyx
with a very pilose obconical tube, and triangular entire lobes,
which are about equal in length to the corolla, which is tubular
and velvety ; capsule turbinate. 7£.F. Native of Nipaul. Leaves
variable in size, acuminated at both ends, sessile, downy. Pe-
duncles nearly naked, or bearing a large bractea each.
Var. ft, Moorcrofliana (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 233.) leaves less
toothed. ^ . H. Native of the north of India, about Ludack.
C. Moorcroftiana, Wall. herb. no. 1288.
Coloured Bell-flower. PL | foot.
84 C. PA'LLIDA (Wall, in asiat. res. 13. p. 375.) plant clothed
with canescent pili ; stem erect, branched ; leaves elliptic, sinu-
ately crenated, petiolate : upper ones sessile ; calyx bristly, with
linear-lanceolate segments, which are about equal in length to
the corolla. I/ . ? F. Native of Nipaul, in sterile places. Wall.
in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 100. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 156.
Branches slender, simple, subfastigiate. Flowers solitary, ter-
minating the stem and branchlets, white, forming a terminal fas-
tigiate panicle. Corolla pilose.
Pale Bell-flower. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
85 C. RAMULOSA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 100.) stem
erect, pilose, branched; leaves lanceolate, sessile, crenately
CAMPANULACEjE. XV. CAMPANULA.
761
toothed, with the nerves rather prominent beneath ; flowers pedi-
cellate, terminal and axillary ; calyx pilose, with broad, acute,
subdentate lobes, twice or thrice shorter than the corolla, which
is cylindrical and velvety ; capsule turbinate. "!{.. H. Native
of Nipaul. Root short, slender, simple or branched. Flowers
inclinate, pedicellate. Leaves pilose. Corolla of a violaceous
blue colour.
Branched Bell-flower. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
86 C. ALPHONSII (Wall. cat. no. 1296. Alph. D. C. mon. p.
294.) stems humble, simple, 1 -flowered, downy; cauline leaves
sessile, lanceolate, acute, toothed a little, rather pilose above,
and hoary beneath ; calyx downy, with acute segments, twice
shorter than the corolla, which is campanulate and downy.
I/ . H. Native of the south of India, on the Nellighery
Mountains. Stems very leafy at top. Flowers drooping, termi-
nal, large for the size of the plant.
Alphonse De Candolle's Bell-flower. PL 2 to 3 inches.
* Flowers on very short pedicels, opposite the leaves. Cap-
sule turbinate. Branches more or less dichotomous. Leaves
small, sessile, oblong. — All annual humble herbs, inhabitants of
the region of the Mediterranean.
87 C. ERINUS (Lin. spec. 240.) plant hispid ; leaves obovate
or ovate, toothed ; flowers sessile ; calycine lobes triangular,
acuminated, erect, at length spreading, about equal in length to
the corolla, which is small and tubular. I/ . H. Native about
the Mediterranean Sea ; very plentiful throughout the whole Spa-
nish Peninsula, south of France, Provence, Sardinia, throughout
the whole of Italy, Sicily, Dalmatia, Grecian Islands, Teneriffe,
&c. on walls and rocky places. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 214.
Cav. valenc. t. 2. Roucela erinus, Dumont, comm. bot. p. 14.
— J. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 799. with a good figure. — Mor. oxon.
sect. 5. t. 3. f. 25. — Column, phyt. t. 28. pi. nov. hist. p. 29.
t. 31. Stem much branched. Flowers terminal and axillary, and
situated in the angles of the forks of the branches. Corollas
tubular, of a pale bluish rose-colour or white, pilose at the base.
-ErinMs-like Bell-flower. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1768. PL j
to j foot.
88 C. BRASILIA (Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. 3. p. 1 1. t. 215.)
plant hispid ; leaves elliptic-oblong, toothed ; flowers pedicel-
late ; segments of the calyx always erect ; corolla inflated,
much longer than the calyx. Q. H. Native of the Island of
Samos, and near Athens, in cotton plantations and vineyards.
Habit of C. erinus. Stem many times forked, erectish. Corolla
with a white tube, and a violaceous blue limb.
Draba-leaved Bell-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PL
:j foot.
89 C. RHODE'NSIS (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 297.) plant pilose ;
leaves entire, ovate ; flowers terminal ; calycine lobes triangular,
erect, at length spreading ; corollas large, campanulate. 0. H.
Native of the Island of Rhodes. Root simple. Stems many
from each root, reddish. Flowers numerous, erect, terminating
the branches. Corollas elegant.
Rhodes' Bell-flower. PL 1£ to 3 inches.
§ 3. Capsule erect ; valves dehiscing at the base. — Flowers
pedicellate. Radical leaves petiolate, usually cordate, having
the base of the petioles usually expanded and permanent.
* Corolla downy or velvety, tubular, 5-lobed at the apex.
Radical leaves crowded. Stems fern -flowered — Species all natives
of the Levant.
90 C. DAMASCE'NA (Labill. pi. syr. dec. 5. p. 7. t. 5.) downy;
radical leaves ovate-obovate, acute, nearly entire, hoary : cauline
ones few, ovate, acute ; calyx velvety, with subulate lobes, twice
shorter than the corolla ; capsule ovoid. I/ . F. Native of the
VOL. in.
Levant, near Damascus, on the mountain called Dgebel-cher.
Root woody. Stems slender, 1 or few-flowered. Flowers erect,
pedicellate. Corollas cylindrical.
Damascus Bell-flower. PL ascending.
91 C. ARGE'NTEA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 584.) humble; radical
leaves linear-obovate, clothed with silvery tomentum, nearly
entire : upper leaves few, oblong ; calyx silvery, with triangular
lobes, 3 times shorter than the corolla ; capsule turbinate. 3/ .
F. Native of Armenia. — Tourn. cor. 3. Root hard, blackish.
Stems erect, velvety, with short branches. Flowers 1 or few on
the top of each branch, erect. Corollas velvety.
Silvery Bell-flower. PL J foot.
92 C. SYRI'ACA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 133.) radical
leaves oblong-spatulate : cauline leaves oval, sessile, somewhat
sinuated ; stem simple, few-flowered at top. 0.? H. Native
of Syria. There is nothing said of the flower and capsule by
the authors.
Syrian Bell-flower. PL -| foot. ?
* Corollas rotate, deeply 5-lobed, usually downy outside.
Style exserted. — All natives of Italy.
93 C. GARGA'NICA (Ten. fl. neap. prod. 1827.) radical leaves
reniform, on long petioles : cauline ones cordate, all crenately
toothed, downy ; flowers axillary, in fascicles ; corollas 5 -parted.
If.. H. Native of Apulia, on Mount St. Angelo. Sweet, fl.
gard. n. s. t. 252. C. elatines, Pentagn. inst. bot. 2. p. 367.
Plant pale green. Corollas blue. Habit of C. Carpdtica.
Garganus Bell-flower. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1832. PL | to
4 foot.
94 C. ELATINOIDES (Morett. pi. ital. dec. 3. p. 5.) plant to-
mentose ; leaves acutely toothed, petiolate : lower ones oblong :
superior ones ovate-acute ; flowers disposed in dense racemes ;
tube of calyx ovoid : lobes subulate, spreading, about equal in
length to the corolla. I/ . H. Native of Italy, on the moun-
tains about Pisa, among stones and on rocks. C. elatines, Poll,
fl. veron. 1. p. 278. no. 404. C. petrseva, Zantedesch. fl. brix.
ined. but not of Lin. nor others. — Gerard, emac. p. 455. f. 2. —
— Clus. cur. post. p. 67. t. 68. Root nodose. Stem erect,
simple, thick for the size of the plant. Leaves canescent. Pe-
duncles many-flowered. Corollas blue, downy outside.
Elatine-like Bell-flower. PL ^ to ^ foot.
95 C. ELA'TINES (Lin. spec. 1. p. 240.) stem ascending ; leaves
cordate, coarsely and acutely toothed, ovate-acute : lower ones
roundish ; flowers in loose racemes ; tube of calyx spherical ;
lobes of calyx spreading, linear-lanceolate, twice shorter than
the corolla. If . H. Native of the alps of Piedmont, Liguria,
Naples, &c. in shady, rocky places. All. pedem. no. 422. t. 7.
f. 2. Plant downy. Stem branched. Flowers scattered over
the upper part of the plant, sometimes racemose, and sometimes
panicled. Corollas bluish-purple, hardly one-half longer than
the calycine lobes.
Var, ft, glaberrima (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 301.) plant quite
glabrous.
Elatine Bell-flower. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. PL | to |
foot.
* Corolla campanulate, funnel-shaped, or tubular, 5-lobed
at the apex, glabrous. — Roots for the most part thick. All
natives of Italy.
96 C. MACRORIUZA (Gay, ined. ex Alph. D. C. mon. p. 302.)
root thick ; stems ascending ; radical leaves petiolate, small,
roundish-cordate, toothed : lower cauline leaves on short pe-
tioles, ovate, acute, toothed : superior ones sessile, linear-acumi-
nated ; flowers terminal and axillary ; alabastra erect ; calycine
lobes acuminated, spreading or reflexed, twice shorter than the
corolla, which is campanulate. I/. H. Native of Nice, on dry
rocks ; Provence, on the mountain called Cousson ; and near
5 E
762
CAMPANULACE^E. XV. CAMPANULA.
San Marco, in Calabria. C. Nicseensis and C. rupestris, Risso,
in herb. D. C. Root thick, marked by the vestiges of the fallen
leaves, creeping among rocks. Stem simple or branched, gla-
brous. Leaves glabrous. Flowers more or less numerous,
solitary, pedunculate and pedicellate, as in C. rotundifolia, look-
ing upwards. Corolla broader than those of C. rotundifolia.
Var. ft, pubescens (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 502.) stems and
leaves downy ; calycine lobes always erect. TJ. . H. In the
alpine regions above Tende. C. pusilla ft, D. C. fl. fr. suppl.
no. 2833.
Long-rooted Bell-flower. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
97 C. PORTENSCHLAGIA'NA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.^93.
Vis. stirp. dalm. pp. 29-54. exclusive of the syn. C. isophylla,
Morett. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 303. t. 13. f. a.) stems erectish ;
leaves about equal in size, petiolate, roundish-cordate, acutely
and angularly toothed ; flowers racemose ; calycine lobes subu-
late, thrice shorter than the corolla, which is funnel-shaped. If. .
H. Native of Dalmatia, on walls. C. muralis, Portenschlag.
herb. Flowers erect, lilac. Habit of C. Carpdtica. Plant quite
glabrous.
Var. ft, velutina (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 303.) plant velvety.
Portenschlag' s Bell-flower. PI. \ foot.
98 C. BILLARDIE'RII (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 303.) glabrous ;
stems ascending ; radical leaves on long petioles, small, cordate,
3-5-cleft : lobes toothed ; flowers few, in loose racemes ; caly-
cine segments filiform, rather unequal, twice shorter than the
corolla, which is tubular. If. . H. Native of Syria. Flowers
few, secund, drooping. Corollas small, blue. Radical leaves
numerous ; cauline ones few. Habit of Wahlenbergia hede-
racea.
La Billardiere's Bell-flower. PI. ^ foot.
99 C. MORETTIA'NUM (Rchb. icon. rar. cent. iv. p. 18. t.
320.) plant pilose, humble; stems 1 -flowered; leaves crenately
toothed, small ; radical leaves petiolate, cordate, roundish : cau-
line leaves smaller, ovate, acute ; calycine lobes lanceolate, 4
times shorter than the corolla, which is funnel-shaped. '}£. H.
Native of Dalmatia, on Mount Bioccovo ; and of Tyrol, on
Mount Vodai, above Vigo, in the valley of Foscia. C. pulla,
Parol. hort. sic. ined. but not of Lin. nor Jacq. C. filiformis,
Morett. pi. ital. dec. p. 8. giorn. di. fisic. &c. di. Pav. 1826.
vol. 9. p. 155. bot. ital. no. 11. p. 21. no. 4. Flowers erect,
blue.
Moretti's Bell-flower. PI. 1 to 3 inches.
100 C. RAINE'RI (Perpenti, in bibl. ital. 1817. 5. p. 134. with
a figure) stems erect, firm, branched: branches 1-flowered ;
leaves almost sessile, ovate, remotely serrated : lower ones the
smallest, obovate ; calycine lobes long-acuminated, erect, twice
shorter than the corolla, which is funnel-shaped ; capsule obo-
vate. If. . H. Native of Italy, on the alps in the province of
Brixo, and on the mountains ' surrounding Lake Cosmo ; on the
alps of Biandino and Tremare, above Mandello and Resegone,
from the termination of the Beech Woods, even to the elevation
of 6000 feet and upwards. C. Perpentiae, Morett. in herb. D.
C. Plant tufted. Caudex creeping. Stems leafy, rather pilose.
Leaves glabrous or downy. Flowers erect, blue.
Rainers Bell-flower. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. PI. i ft.
' Corollas large, campanulaiely rotate, somewhat 5-cleft,
glabrous. Routs usually thick.
101 C. ISOPHY'LLA (Moretti, append, to Schouw, prospett. fl.
ital. p. 22. Rchb. icon. pi. cent. 3. t. 202. f. 344.) stems erect-
ish, firm ; leaves all about the same size, petiolate, roundish,
crenately toothed ; flowers corymbose ; calycine lobes acumi-
nated, broad, twice shorter than the corolla ; style exserted ;
capsule ovoid. "U. H. Native of Liguria, at Cape Nauli and
Caprazoppa. C. floribunda, Viv. fl. lyb. append, fl. ital. p. 67.
Caudex woody. Plant glabrous or velvety. Flowers numerous,
erect, disposed in a corymb. Corollas blue, rotate.
Equal-leaved Bell-flower. PI. \ to f- foot.
102 C. FRA'GILIS (Cyril, pi. fasc. 1. p. 32. t. 11. f. 2.) stems
ascending, diffuse, branched ; radical leaves on long petioles,
roundish-cordate, bluntly crenate-lobed : cauline leaves smaller,
ovate and lanceolate ; flowers panicled ; calycine lobes linear-
lanceolate, erect, about equal to the corolla ; style exserted ;
capsule ovoid. ~lj. . H. Native of the south of Italy, in the
valley of Anania ; near Naples, in Goat's Island, about Cava ;
on Mount Pollino and elsewhere in Calabria ; and probably of
Sicily. C. diffusa, Vahl, symb. p. 18. C. cochlearifolia, Vahl,
symb. p. 18. C. crassifblia, Nees, syll. ratisb. 1. p. 6. and
amcen. bot, fasc. 2. p. 9. t. 4. — Barrel, icon. rar. p. 54. t. 27.
Root thick. Plant glabrous. Flowers numerous, racemosely
panicled, terminating the branchlets, erect, pedicellate. Corollas
large, pale blue.
Var. ft, hirsuta (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 307.) plant hispid, and as
if it was covered with wool. I/.. H. C. fragilis lanuginosa, Ten.
fl. neap. prod. p. 15. C. fragilis ft, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 92. — Barrel, obs. p. 10. t. 453.
Brittle Bell-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. £ to 4-
foot.
103 C. BARRELIE'RI (Presl, symb. bot. p. 30. t. 19. ex Lin-
naea. 7. p. 7.) villous ; stems diffuse, procumbent, very simple,
1-flowered ; leaves roundish-cordate, crenated ; flowers ter-
minal ; segments of the calyx lanceolate, acute, longer than the
tube, which is glabrous. If,. H. Native of Naples, on rocks
by the sea side. C. diffusa, var. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
92. Corollas blue.
Barrelier's Bell-flower. PI. procumbent.
104 C. VERSICOLOR (Sibth. et Smith, prod. fl. grsec. 1. p. 138.
fl. grsec. t. 207.) glabrous; stem ascending; leaves serrated;
radical leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, rather cordate : cauline
leaves on short petioles, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated ; flowers
disposed in long spicate racemes ; calycine segments acuminated,
spreading, at length reflexed, twice shorter than the corolla,
which is variegated ; style exserted ; capsule spheroid. "If. . H.
Native of Greece. C. planiflora, Willd. enum. 1. p. 210. but
not of Lam. C. Willdenowiana, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
107. Root tuberous, thick, white, subdivided at top. Stems
erect. Corollas campanulately rotate, of a deep violaceous co-
lour at bottom, pale in the middle, and the lobes pale violet.
Flowers disposed in long spikes, like those of C. pyramidalis,
of which this species has the habit.
Var. ft, multiflora (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 308.) leaves irregu-
larly serrated, undulated ; flowers more numerous. 11 . H. C.
versicolor, Andr. bot. rep. 396.
Parly-coloured Bell-flower. Fl. July, Sept. Clt.1788. PI.
2 to 4 feet.
105 C. TENORH (Morett. prospett. descript. geogr. de Schouw,
p. 19. in a note. p. 15. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 309.) stem ascend-
ing ; leaves coriaceous : radical ones ovate-oblong, acutely ser-
rulated, on long petioles : cauline leaves on short petioles, ovate,
acute, coarsely serrated ; flowers racemose ; calycine lobes
linear, spreading, twice shorter than the corolla ; capsule spheri-
cal. %. H. Native of the kingdom of Naples. C. corym-
bosa, Ten. prod. fl. neap. p. 15. C. Rosani, Ten. in herb.
Moricand. C. Thomasii, Tenore, in litt. C. versicolor, Guss.
pi. rar. p. 92. exclusive of the syn. of Sibth. et Smith. Plant
glabrous. Stem simple. Radical leaves subcordate ; petioles
of cauline leaves ciliated at the base. Flowers approximate :
peduncles 1-5-flowered, as in C. versicolor. Corolla with a white
base and blue lobes.
Tenore's Bell-flower. PI. £ to 1 foot.
106 C. PYRAMIDA'LIS (Cam. hort. med. p. 33. Lin. spec. 1. p.
1
CAMPANULACE^l. XV. CAMPANULA.
763
233.) glabrous ; leaves glandularly toothed : lower ones petiolate,
ovate-oblong, somewhat cordate : cauline leaves sessile, ovate-lan-
ceolate ; flowers numerous, pyramidally racemose ; calycine lobes
acuminated, spreading; capsule spheroid, deeply furrowed. 1(..H.
Native on rocks and on walls in Carinthia, Carniola; of Dalmatia,
in the island of Viego ; on the walls of Venice and Verona. The
plant has been cultivated a longtime in gardens, and consequently
has become, as it were, indigenous in many parts of the south of
Europe. Jaum St. Hil. pi. fr. t. 416. — Weinm. phyt. t. 289.
f. b — Moris, oxon. 2. p. 452. sect. 5. t. 1. f. 1. — Besl. hort.
eyst. 1. t. 7. f. 1.— Tab. icon. 317.— Swert, floril. t. 16. f. 2.—
Lob. hist. p. 177. icon. 327. — Dod. pempt. 166. with a figure.
Root large, turnip-formed, oblong, usually divided into fusiform
branches. Stem nearly simple, but furnished with floriferous
branchlets. Flowers very, numerous, pedicellate, usually 3 to-
gether from the same bractea, the whole disposed in a large
pyramidal raceme, which is loose at the base. Corolla pale
blue, with a dark base. There is also a white-flowered variety
of this.
far, /3, calycina (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 510.) plant monstrous,
1 -flowered, dwarf; leaves all petiolate; calycine segments
changed into large leaves. 7£. H. — Weinm. phyt. icon. t.
294.
Pyramidal Bell-flower. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1596. PI. 4
to 5 feet.
107 C. LACTIFLORA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 153. cent. pi. ross. 1.
t. 10.) stem branched ; leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, acutely
serrated ; flowers in loose panicles ; calycine lobes very broad,
serrulated, acute, twice shorter than the corolla ; capsule ovoid.
I/. H. Native of Caucasus and Siberia, in grassy places.
Ker. bot. reg. 241. Sims, bot. mag. 1973. Alph. D. C. mon.
t. 7. C. hispida, Fisch.hort. gorenk. ex herb. Willd. C. volu-
bilis, Willd. herb. Stems simple or branched, glabrous or pilose.
Leaves pale beneath, glabrous or pilose. Corollas erect, milk-
coloured, tinged with blue. Peduncles short, erect, usually 3-
flowered.
Milk-flowered Bell-flower. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1814. PL
2 to 6 feet.
§ 4. Capsule dehiscing laterally by the valves towards the
apex, erect. Lobes of calyx usually denticulated. — Radical leaves
usually obovate, on short petioles, but never cordate. Flowers
pedicellate.
* Valves situated between the middle and upper part of the
capsule. — Branches not dichotomous.
108 C. SCODLE'RI (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 312.) stem simple,
few-flowered ; leaves ciliated, sharply serrated : lower leaves
ovate, acute, petiolate : middle ones ovate-lanceolate, sessile :
superior ones linear-lanceolate ; flowers racemose ; calyx gla-
brous, with capillary erect lobes, which are 3 times shorter than
the 5-cleft, funnel-shaped corolla ; style exserted ; capsule ovoid.
"%.. H. Native of North-west America, about Fort Van Couver,
on the banks of the Columbia river. Stems ascending at the
base, glabrous or a little hairy, simple at bottom, and furnished
with floriferous peduncles at top. Flowers 4 to 10 on each
stem, terminal and axillary, loosely racemose. Habit of a species
of Adenophora.
Scouler's Bell-flower. PI. % foot.
** Valves situated near the top of the capsule. Flowers usually
on long peduncles, terminal or axillary. Branches not dichoto-
mous.
109 C. PLANIFLORA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 580. ill. 2509.) quite
glabrous : stems simple ; leaves sessile, coriaceous, shining ;
radical ones crowded, ovate or obovate, obtuse, crenulated : cau-
line ones linear-lanceolate, acute, nearly entire ; flowers disposed
in spicate racemes ; calycine lobes ovate, acute, broad, erect, 3
times shorter than the corolla, which is campanulately rotate.
H.. H. Native of North America, probably towards Hudson's
Bay. C. nitida, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 1. p. 346. Nutt. gen.
amer. 1. p. 136. C. Americana, Mill. diet. no. 13. but not of
Lin. — Tourn. inst. 1. p. 111. Munting, phyt. cur. t. 123. — Do-
dart, mem. ed. de mal. p. 621. t. 33. ed. fol. p. 119. t. v.
Flowers terminal and axillary, on short pedicels, approximate,
disposed in a kind of spicate raceme. Corolla pale blue ; there
is also a variety with white flowers.
Flat-flowered Bell-flower. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1731. PI. \
to 1 foot.
110 C. AMERICA'NA (Lin. spec. 233.? Ait. hort. kew. 1. p.
220.) stem simple ; radical leaves ovate, acute, a little cordate,
petiolate, serrated : cauline leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated
at both ends, serrulated ; flowers disposed in long spikes ; caly-
cine lobes long-acuminated, spreading, rather shorter than the
corolla, which is rotately campanulate ; capsule cylindrical, fur-
rowed. 1£. H. Native of North America, in South Carolina,
Georgia, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, on the mountains. Pursh.
fl. sept. amer. 1. p. 159. Phyteuma Americana, Hill, in hort.
kew. p. 128. C. asteroides, Lam. ill. 2515. C. obliqua, Jacq.
hort. schoenbr. 3. t. 336. Willd. enum. 1. p. 210. C. declinata,
Mcench. suppl. meth. p. 187. C. acuminata, Michx. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 108. Pursh. fl. sept. amer. 1. p. 159. exclusive of
the syn. of Ait. and Dod. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 136. Stems
erect, simple, firm, glabrous or pilose on the angles. Radical
leaves rosulate, rather pilose. Corollas blue, a little longer than
the calycine lobes. Flowers erect, 1-3 from the axil of each
bractea.
Var. /3, subulata (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 314.) plant humble,
few-flowered; leaves petiolate. 1£. H. C. subulata, Beauv.
ined.
American Bell-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1763. PI. 2
feet.
111 C. FU'LGENS (Wall. in. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 99.) stem
simple, erect, pilose ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated at both ends,
on short petioles, serrated ; flowers almost sessile, disposed in a
raceme, crowded at top ; calycine segments linear-subulate,
erect, entire, rather longer than the corolla, which is funnel-
shaped ; capsule ovoid, 10-nerved. "%.. F. Native of Upper
Nipaul, on the more elevated mountains. Root simple, gla-
brous. Stem usually undivided, but sometimes furnished with
a few simple branches, angular, Leaves hispid. Petioles pilose.
Flowers small, blue, in fascicles, from the axils of the upper
leaves, the whole forming an oblong terminal raceme.
Fulgent Bell-flower. PI. 1 foot.
112 C. PEREGRINA (Lin. syst. p. 301.) plant hispid; stem
simple, many-flowered, angular ; leaves crenated : lower ones
obovate : superior ones ovate, acute ; flowers disposed in a spi-
cate raceme ; calycine lobes acuminated, nearly entire, rather
shorter than the corolla, which is spreading ; capsule ovoid. % .
H. Native of Mount Lebanon, and near Aleppo. Jacq. hort.
schoenbr. 3. p. 337. Sims, bot. mag. 1. 1257. Hoffm. and Link,
fl. port. 2. p. 15. t. 83. C. lanuginosa, Lam. diet. 1. p. 584.
but not of Willd. C. hirsutissima, Guss. ined. Flowers sessile,
solitary, disposed in a long dense spike. Corollas funnel-shaped,
hardly one-half longer than the calycine lobes, of a dark violet
colour at the base, of a less deep colour in the middle, and paler
towards the margins.
Foreign Bell-flower. Fl. July. Aug. Clt. 1794. PI. 2 ft.
113 C. PRIMUL^FOLIA (Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 288. phyt. lus. 1.
t. 20.) stem hispid, many-flowered, simple ; leaves unequally
and doubly crenated : radical ones lanceolate, bluntish : cauline
5 E 2
764
CAMPANULACEjE. XV. CAMPANULA.
leaves ovate-oblong, acute ; flowers disposed in a spicate raceme ;
calycine lobes acuminated, broad at the base, denticulated ; co-
rolla campanulately rotate, twice longer than the calycine seg-
ments; capsule long, obconical. 1£. H. Native of Portugal,
in shady, humid places of the Algarves and Beira, and near
Coimbra ; above Punhete, and about Monchica. C. Trachelium,
Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 287. Root oblique, branched, thickened into
tubers at top. Leaves hispid on the ribs and veins. Flowers
erect. Corollas nearly glabrous, blue, rarely purple, with a
whitish downy bottom.
Primrose-leaved Bell-flower. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
114 C. ALA'TA (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 178. t. 50.) stem few-
flowered, simple, glabrous ; leaves irregularly toothed, glabrous :
lower ones ovate, acute ; cauline leaves lanceolate; flowers few,
disposed in racemose heads ; calyx with a hispid tube, and
linear-lanceolate, acute, rather ciliated segments ; corolla broadly
campanulate, twice longer than the calycine segments ; capsule
spherical. I/ . H. Native of the north of Africa, near Mai-
aral. Stem angular. Flowers sessile on the top of the stem.
Corolla blue, size of that of C. pyramidalis.
Winged Bell-flower. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
115 C. PTARMIC.SFOLIA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 579.) stems simple,
many-flowered ; radical leaves crowded, linear-lanceolate, ser-
rulated ; flowers sessile, disposed in a loose spike ; calyx with a
spherical tube and triangular lobes, which are thrice shorter
than the tubularly-campanulate corolla. 1£. H. Native of
Armenia. Desf. choix. cor. p. 35. t. 25. or in ann. mus. 11.
p. 56. t. 6. Radical leaves rosulate. Plant glabrous. Flowers
erect, violaceous.
Sneezervort-leaved Bell-flower. PI. ^ to f foot.
116 C. CARPA'TICA (Jacq.hort.vind. l.p. 22. t. 57.) plant gla-
brous, branched ; lower leaves on long petioles, ovate-roundish,
cordate, toothed : superior ones on short petioles, ovate, acute ;
flowers disposed in loose panicles, on long peduncles ; calycine
lobes erectisli, triangular, acuminated, thrice shorter than the
corolla, which is broadly campanulate ; capsule ovoid-cylindri-
cal. T£. H. Native of Transylvania, and at the sides and
bottoms of the mountains of Liptovia, to the south of the Car-
pathian mountains ; among calcareous alpine rocks. Curt. bot.
mag. t. 117. Root fibrous. Stems leafy. Branches or pedun-
cles elongated, naked, each terminated by an erect flower.
Corollas blue, about the size of those of C. persiceej'blia.
Carpathian Bell-flower. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1774. PI. |
foot.
117 C. SILENIFOLIA (Fisch. mss. ex Alph. D. C. mon. p.
320.) stem simple, few-flowered; leaves ciliated : radical ones
lanceolate, on long petioles, entire : cauline ones narrower, acu-
minated; calycine lobes erect, acuminated, ciliated, thrice shorter
than the corolla, which is funnel-shaped ; capsule long, obovoid.
]/ . H. Native of Dahuria; and at the river Lena, in Siberia.
C. Baicalensis, Pall. mss. in herb. Lamb. C. ciliata, Patrin,
herb. Gmel. sib. 3. p. 159. t. 32. exclusive of the syn. of
Tourn. Root slender, creeping transversely below the earth,
and emitting slender fascicles of fibres. Stem glabrous. Flowers
1-3 on each stem, terminal and axillary, pedicellate. Corollas
large, blue, with glabrous or ciliated lobes.
Catclfly-leavcd Bell-flower. PI. -J. foot.
118 C. STEVE'NII (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 138.) stem quite
simple, 1 -flowered; radical leaves obovate, petiolate, crenu-
lated : cauline leaves sessile, nearly entire : lower ones ovate-
lanceolate : superior ones acuminated ; calyx glabrous, with
acuminated erect lobes, which are one-half shorter than the fun-
nel-shaped corolla. I/. H. Native of Eastern Caucasus, in
subalpine places ; and of Iberia, Armenia, and the Ukraine.
C. Steveniana, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 91. C. lanceolata,
Pall, in herb. Lamb. C. Vittinghoffiana, Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 102. C. infundibulum, Vest, in Rcem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 106. ? C. seminuda, Vest, in Rcem. et Schultes, syst.
5. p. 91. C. simplex, Stev. mem. soc. des. natur. mosc. 3. p.
255. but not of D. C. fl. fr. Root slender. Stem sometimes
velvety at the base. Flower erect, terminal. Corolla blue.
Far. ft, Sibirica (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 321.) stem few-flow-
ered ; corolla 5-cleft even to the middle, with ample lobes.
I/ . H. Native of Siberia. C. Steveniana, Fisch. mss.
Steven's Bell-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. PI. i to
2 feet..
119 C. PEESIC^FOLIA (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 164.) stems
nearly simple ; leaves glabrous, stiff, crenulated : radical leaves
lanceolate-obovate : cauline leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers
racemose ; calycine lobes acuminated, broad at the base, entire,
twice shorter than the corolla, which is broadly campanulate ;
capsule ovoid, trisulcate, dehiscing by broad pores. % . H.
Native of the south and temperate parts of Europe ; from
Spain, Italy, Greece, even to Scotland; south of Sweden ; about
Petersburgh and Moscow, and throughout Siberia, especially
towards the east, and (he Altaian mountains; about Constan-
tinople ; delighting in subalpine shady places, and woods ; in
Scotland, in woods near Cullen. Bull. herb. t. 367. Oed. fl.
dan. t. 1087. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 205. C. decur-
rens, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 232. C. speciosa, Gilib. pi. litli.
p. 10. but not of Horn. C. amydalifolia, Salisb. prod. p.
126.— Weinm. phyt. icon. t. 291. f. and b. and t. 290. f. c.
and d.— Swert, floril. pt. 2. t. 16. — Besl. hort. eyst. 1. t. 8.
f. 2. and 3. — Tab. icon. t. 317.— Lob. icon. t. 327. — Moris,
oxon. 2. p. 452. sect. 5. t. 1. f. 2, Plant glabrous. Flowers
terminal and axillary, pedunculate, solitary, inclined, the whole
forming a raceme. Corollas large, broad, campanulate, blue,
and all the intermediate shades to white.
Var. ft, angustifolia (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 322.) leaves nar-
row-linear. I/. H. C. persicaefolia, ft, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p.
164. C. decurrens, ft, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 232. but not of ed.
1. — Tabern. icon. t. 411. and t. 412.
Var. y, macruntha (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 323.) flowers very
large, of a lilac colour. %. H. C. persiczefolia, var. maxima,
Curt. bot. mag. t. 397.
Var. S, calyce pilbso (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 325.) tube of calyx
beset with strigose pili : lobes glabrous ; leaves narrow-linear.
11. H. Native of France and Carniola. C. persicaefolia,
Scop. earn. no. 228. D. C. fl. fr. no. 2838, var. y.
Var. c, dasycdrpa (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 323.) stems 1 -flow-
ered ; radical leaves ovate and obovate ; cauline leaves oblong-
lanceolate ; calyx scabrous from pili. %. H. C. dasycarpa,
Kit. in Schultes, fl. austr. 2. no. 900. Rcem. et Schultes, syst.
5. p. 93. C. persicaefolia, ft, Wahl. carp. p. 60.
Var. £, hispida (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 323.) plant hispid from
pili. 1£. H. C. persicaefolia, Roem. et Schultes, 5. p. 106.
Var. >;, pumita (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 323.) glabrous ; stems
1 -flowered ; leaves approximating, firm; corolla narrow at the
base. If.. H. Native of Bohemia. C. persicaefolia, var. ft,
Pohl, fl. bohem. p. 202. C. pumila, Schmidt, fl. bohem. no.
171. Flowers blue.
Var. I, calycma (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 323.) plant monstrous ;
stems 1 -flowered; calycine lobes large, ovate-lanceolate; corolla
narrowed at the base. I/. H. C. persicaefolia calycma,
Rchb. icon. cent. 1. t. 67.
Var. i, fibre pleno (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 323.) flowers double,
blue or white. If.. H. Tourn. inst. 1. p. 111. C. decurrens,
var. Mill. diet. no. 2.
Peach-leaved Bell-flower. Fl. July, Sept. Britain. PI. 1
to 3 feet.
120 C. PYRENA'ICA (Alph. B.C. mon. p. 324.) stems simple,
1-flowered, beset with soft hairs; leaves rather pilose: radi-
CAMPANULACE.E. XV. CAMPANULA.
765
cal leaves roundish, a little crenated, on short petioles : eauline
leaves sessile, lanceolate, nearly entire, acute at both ends ;
calyx glabrous: with subulate, spreading, entire lobes, which are
rather shorter than the corolla. "%. H. Native of the Pyre-
nees, and of the Balearic Islands. Flowers terminal, erect.
Corolla blue?
Pyrenean Bell-flower. PL 1 to 1| foot.
121 C. RAPU'NCULUS (Lin. spec. p. 232.) stem almost simple ;
lower leaves obovate, on short petioles, nearly entire : eauline
leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, entire ; flowers spicately race-
mose, solitary ; calycine lobes erect, long-subulate, very slen-
der, rather shorter than the corolla, which is funnel-shaped ;
capsule obconical, trisulcate. £ . H. Native of Morocco and
Barbary ; as also of the south of Europe, and extending as far
north as the county of Norfolk, in England ; as well as of Tran-
sylvania and Caucasus. In Britain, on banks and about the
borders of fields ; not common. About old Buckingham
Castle, Norfolk. In many parts of Kent and Surry, as well
as in other places on a gravelly soil ; having formerly perhaps
escaped from gardens. Smith, engl. bot. t. 283. Schrank,
ench. no. 406. t. 39. Oed. fl. dan. t. 1326. Svenk, bot. t.
629. C. fastigiata, Gmel. reis. 1. p. 153. t. 33. but not of
Dufour. C. coarctata, Gilib. pi. lith. p. 8. C. esculenta,
Salisb. prod. p. 126. C. elatior, Link, et Hoffm. fl. port. 2. p.
11. t. 80. C. glandulosa, Banks, herb. Tourn. inst. 111.
Morand. hist. p. 69. t. 39. f. 3.— Moris, oxon. sect. 5. t. 2. f. 20.
and f. 1. Column, phyt. 102. with a figure. Lob. icon. t. 328.
Hoot fusiform, thick, white. Stem simple, but sometimes fur-
nished with a few branches towards the top, furrowed, glabrous,
but pilose at the base. Leaves usually glabrous, but sometimes
hairy. Flowers nearly sessile, or pedicellate, erect, forming
a long raceme, which is branched at the base. Corollas
blue or white. This plant varies in the stem being glabrous or
pilose, in the length of the pedicels, in the tube of the calyx
being glabrous or strigose, in the calycine teeth being entire or
a little denticulated at the base. The root is milky, thick, and
edible, and, with the leaves, is mixed in salads ; and, therefore,
it was formerly cultivated for that purpose. In France and
Italy the roots are boiled and eaten hot with sauce, or cold
with vinegar and pepper. The seed is sown in the spring on
deep light soils, in drills, and the plants are ready for use
in the autumn of the same year. It is called Raperonzola in
Italy; Rapuncio, in Portugal; Raiponce, petite Raiponce, in
France ; Rampion, and Small Rampion, in England ; Rapunzel,
Ruben, or Blau Bluhende Wurzel, Rapunzel, Purnitzlein, in
Germany ; Rzepeka, in Bohemia ; and Akla Rapunzel, in
Sweden.
Far. ft, calyce strigoso (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 826.) calyx
beset with strigose pili. $ . H. Native of the Ukraine,
Tauria, and Iberia. $ . H. C. Rapunculus, S, Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 105. C. verruculosa Link et Hoffm. fl.
portug. 2. p. 12. t. 81.
Var. y, calycina (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 326.) calycine seg-
ments subulate, length of corolla serrated from the base even
to the middle: teeth acuminated. $ . H. C. calycina, Bceb.
in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 104. C. Rapunculus, Bieb. fl.
taur. suppl. p. 138.
Rampion Bell-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PL 2 to 3
feet.
122 C. LAMBERTIA'NA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 327.) stem
simple, many-flowered, pilose ; eauline leaves sessile, oblong-
acuminate, irregularly denticulated, rather pilose ; flowers dis-
posed in a spicate raceme ; calyx glabrous, with acuminated,
spreading, coarsely, and acutely-toothed lobes, rather shorter
than the corolla, which is obconical. $ .? H. Native of Persia,
in the province of Ghilan. Flowers disposed in a spike-formed
raceme, furnished with a few branches at its base, as in C. Ra-
punculus. Corollas white. ?
Lambert's Bell-flower. PL l£ to 2 feet.
123 C. VIRGA'TA (Labill.pl. syr. dec. 2. p. 11. t.6.) stem simple,
many-flowered ; radical leaves lanceolate, crenulated, petiolate :
eauline ones sessile, linear-lanceolate ; flowers spicate, usually twin
or tern ; calyx with a scabrous tube, and erect subulate lobes,
which are twice or thrice shorter than the funnel-shaped corolla ;
capsules obconical. $ . H. Native of Mount Lebanon. Root
thick. Stem hardly leafy, rather scabrous below, but smooth at
top. Leaves scabrous. Flowers sessile, erect, 1-3 from each
axil, forming a long interrupted spike. Corollas blue.?
Twiggy Bell-flower. PL 1^ to 2 feet.
124 C. HERM!NII (Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. 2. p. 9. t. 79.
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 328.) glabrous; stem ascending,
simple ; leaves nearly entire : radical ones lanceolate : eauline
ones linear-lanceolate ; petioles ciliated at the base ; calycine
lobes long, capillary, reflexed, rather shorter than the co-
rolla, which is funnel-shaped. O- H. Native of Portugal, on
the high mountains called Serra d'Estrella. Root rather thick,
creeping. Stem panicled at the top, as in C. rhomboidalis.
Pedicels 1- flowered. Corollas pale blue.
Hermin's Bell-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PL £ to
1 foot. Ascending.
125 C. PA' TULA (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 163.) stem branched;
branches diverging ; radical leaves crowded, obovate, crenated ;
eauline leaves linear-lanceolate, sessile, nearly entire ; calycine
lobes long-acuminated, spreading, serrated at the base, twice
shorter than the corolla, which is funnel-shaped ; capsule ovate-
cylindrical. $ . H. Native of the south and temperate parts
of Europe ; as of the Pyrenees, Spain, throughout Italy, the
Morea, and also in the region of Tunis ; Levant, to the Car-
pathian Mountains, but not below them ; Transylvania ; about
Petersburgh and Moscow, but is never to be found in Europe
beyond lat. 61. In England, in pastures, borders of fields
and hedges ; rare in several parts in Kent ; in many places
about Alcester ; in Worcestershire, and Staffordshire, &c. Oed.
fl. dan. t. 373. Smith's engl. bot. t. 42. Hook. fl. lond. t. 51.
C. bellidifolia, Lapeyr. abr. p. 36. C. decurrens, Lin. spec.
ed. 1. p. 164. Diffuse Bell-flower, Hill. veg. syst. 8. t. 1.
— Weinm. phyt. icon. t. 290. f. a. Dill. hort. elth. t. 58. f. 68.
Besl. eyst. ord. 1. t. 5. f. 3. Root small, slender, branched.
Stems glabrous, or scabrous from pili on the angles. Branches
divaricate, nearly naked. Leaves glabrous. Flowers panicled,
terminal, and axillary, on long pedicels, large, erect. Corollas
blue or white. This is a very polymorphous plant.
Var.fi, calyce piloso strigoso (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 329.) calyx
beset with strigose hairs.
Var. y, latifolia (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) stem branched, glabrous,
scabrous on the angles; eauline leaves lanceolate, broad, ser-
rulated ; calycine segments very long, rather longer than the
corolla.
Var. S, pauciflbra (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) stem humble, branched
a little, almost naked ; flowers terminal, and axillary, few, large ;
corolla campanulate, one half longer than the calycine segments.
Column, ecphr. p. 24. with a figure. Tourn. inst. 111.
Var. £, neglecta (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) calycine lobes reflexed,
serrulated, toothed at the base, acuminated, a half or a third the
length of the corolla. C. neglecta, Roam, et Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 104.
Spreading Bell-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PL li to
2 feet.
126 C. ERINOIDES (Lin. mant. p. 64. ? Cav. ann. cienc. 3.
p. 20.) stem humble, few-flowered, with scabrous angles ; leaves
small, linear-lanceolate, glabrous, crenulated : lower ones ob-
tuse : superior ones acuminated ; calycine lobes long, subulate,
766
CAMPANULACEjE. XV. CAMPANULA.
entire, rather shorter than the corolla, which is funnel-shaped ;
capsule long-obconical, nearly terete. $ . H. Native of Spain,
about Madrid and elsewhere ; and of Gibraltar and Tangiers.
Root slender, filiform. Stem simple, but furnished at top with
] -flowered peduncles, which diverge more or less. Flowers
erect, blue.
Erinus-like Bell-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI.
$ foot.
127 C.MATRITE'NSIS (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 532.) stem humble,
few-flowered ; leaves linear-lanceolate, nearly entire : lower
ones obtuse : superior ones acute ; calycine lobes long-subulate,
erect, entire, rather shorter than the corolla, which is narrow-
funnel-shaped ; capsule obconical, elongated, having the nerves
rather prominent. Q. H. Native of Spain, about Madrid.
Root filiform. Stem simple, but furnished with 1 -flowered pe-
duncles at the top, glabrous or pilose, hardly scabrous on the
angles. Leaves glabrous or pilose. Corollas violaceous.
Madrid Bell-flower. PI. ± to £ foot.
128 C. RAMOSISSIMA (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 204.) stem
branched, many-flowered, pilose ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, cre-
nated : lower leaves obtuse : upper ones acute ; calyx with a pilose
tube, and acuminated entire lobes, which are pilose outside, and
rather shorter than the spreading corolla ; capsule obconical,
pilose, having the nerves rather prominent. O- H. Native of
Mount Olympus, in Bithynia, and in the island of Zante, &c.
Root slender, fibrous. Stem angular. Leaves equally scattered
over the stem, smoothish. Branches nearly naked, divaricate,
each terminating in a single flower. Corolla bluish-violet,
having the nerves more intensely coloured.
Much-branched Bell-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820.
PI. -I to | foot.
129 C. LORE'YI (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 333.) stem branched,
few-flowered ; leaves sessile, glabrous : lower ones obovate,
crenated : middle ones ovate-lanceolate : superior ones linear,
entire ; calyx with a hispid tube, and long-acuminated glabrous
spreading lobes, which are denticulated at the base, length of
corolla, which is somewhat rotate ; capsule spheroid, deeply
furrowed, and beset with strigose pili. Q. H. Native of the
province of Verona, near Vallegio, where it was first collected
by Lory ; and on Mount Baldo, by Rainer. C. Loreiana, Loreii,
or Lorfei, Poll. elem. hot. t. 2. p. 148. ultimate table, f. 1. Poll,
fl. ver. 1. p. 271. t. 2. f. 4. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2581. C. Bal-
densis, Balb. cat. hort. taur. 1813. p. 20. C. ramosissima, Host,
fl. austr. 1. p. 264. but not of Sibth. et Smith. Root slender,
fibrous. Stem glabrous or hispid. Peduncles long, naked,
glabrous, bearing each an erect flower at the apex ; but the
alabastrum is drooping before expansion. Corolla with a white
base, middle part or base of the lobes pale blue, and the lobes
bluish-violet.
Lorey's Bell-flower. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI. \ to
1 foot.
130 C. DECU'MBENS (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 334. t. 12. f. A.)
stem decumbent, nearly simple, few-flowered ; radical leaves
roundish-spatulate, sinuated : cauline leaves obovate, crenately-
toothed : superior ones linear-lanceolate ; calyx with a pilose
tube; corolla funnel-shaped, twice longer than the calycine
lobes ; capsule spheroid. Q. H. Native of Spain, near Aran-
juez. Root slender, fibrous. Stem glabrous or slightly pi-
lose. Radical leaves with rather scabrous white subrevolute
edges ; middle ones quite glabrous. Flowers terminal, and
axillary, on long peduncles, solitary, drooping before expansion,
but afterwards erect. Corollas blue. ?
Decumbent Bell-flower. PI. decumbent.
131 C. LOEFLINGII (Brot. phyt. fasc. 1. no. 10. fl. lus. 1.
p. 237.) stem much branched, many-flowered, rather scabrous
on the angles ; leaves crenulated : lower ones ovate-reniform,
or roundish-cordate : superior ones ovate, stem-clasping ; calyx
glabrous, with an obconical tube, and long-acuminated spread-
ing lobes, which are rather shorter than the corolla ; capsule
obconical, with prominent nerves. O. H. Native throughout
Portugal, in sandy places ; of Spain, about Madrid ; and of
the territory of Mogodor. Brot. phyt. lus. sel. p. 41. t. 18.
Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. 2. p. 14. t. 82. C. Broussonnetiana,
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 104. Root slender, fibrous.
Leaves glabrous. Flowers solitary, terminating the naked
branchlets, loosely panicled, drooping. Corolla funnel-shaped,
blue, or violaceous, with a deeper coloured zone beneath the
middle, white at the base, both inside and outside. In one
variety, the calyx is downy.
Loeflmg's Bell-flower. Fl. July, Aug.- Clt. 1818. PI. \
to \\ foot.
132 C. RETRORSA (Labill. pi. syr. dec. 5. t. 3.) stem few-
flowered, angular, scabrous from retrograde prickles or bristles
on the angles ; lower leaves roundish-obovate, petiolate, some-
what sinuated, glabrous : superior leaves ovate-lanceolate, en-
tire, with scabrous edges ; calycine lobes long -acuminated,
spreading, scabrous from serrulations, longer than the corolla,
which is funnel-shaped; capsule obconically elongated. O- H.
Native on Mount Lebanon. Root slender, fibrous. Branches
elongated, naked, each terminated by an erect flower. Flowers
drooping before expansion. Corolla mixed with white and
violet.
Retrograde-bristled Bell-flower. PI. j to 1| foot.
133 C. ZOYSII (Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 122.) plant tufted ;
stems erect, few-flowered ; leaves entire : radical ones crowded,
petiolate, ovately-obovate, obtuse ; cauline leaves obovate-lanceo-
late, and linear ; calycine lobes subulate ; corolla long, cylindrically
ventricose ; capsule ovoid-spherical. !{.. H. Native of the Upper
AlpsofStyria, Carniola, Carinthia, &c. Jacq. icon. rar. 2. t. 334.
Plant small, glabrous, tufted. Root creeping, throwing out
many small stems, which bear from 1 to 3 flowers each. Leaves
crowded at the base. Flowers pedicellate, drooping. Corolla
cylindrical, elongated, pale blue, with 5 deeper coloured lines ;
rarely white.
Zoysi's Bell-flower. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1813. PI. J- foot.
134 C. CENISIA (Lin. spec, suppl. p. 1669.) plant tufted ;
stems ascending, 1 -flowered ; leaves entire : radical ones rosu-
late, obovate, obtuse : cauline leaves ovate-oblong ; calyx hairy,
with linear-lanceolate lobes ; corolla 5-cIeft, hardly twice the
length of the calycine lobes; capsule ovoid, y.. H. Native
of the Higher Alps of Provence, Piedmont, Dauphiny, Savoy,
Vallais; on Mount Cenis ; and of Switzerland, on the mountains
called Diablerets, &c. All. pedem. no. 395. t. 6. f. 2. Rchb.
icon. bot. cent. 1. p. 85. All. rar. stirp. spec. 35. t. 5. f. 1.
Root creeping, blackish. Stems numerous, glabrous, or slightly
pilose. Flowers solitary, terminal, erect. Corolla deep blue,
hardly one half longer than the calycine lobes.
Var. ft, angustifolia (Schrad. prim, salisb. p. 70.) leaves nar-
row. I/ . H. Native of the Alps of Salizburgh.
Mount Cenis Bell-flower. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1775. PI.
^ foot.
135 C. SPATULA TA (Sibth; et Smith, prod. fl. graec. 1. p. 137.
fl. graec. t. 203.) stem ascending, 1 -flowered, pilose ; lower
leaves petiolate, obovate, crenated : superior ones lanceolate ;
calyx with an obconical tube, and linear-acuminated toothed
lobes ; corolla subcampanulate, hardly longer than the calycine
lobes ; capsule spheroid. $ . H. Native on Mounts Olympus
and Parnassus. Root slender, twisted. Stem solitary, angular.
Leaves rather pilose, but becoming more smooth and entire as
they ascend the stem. Flower terminal, erect, blue.
Spatulate-leaved Bell-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817.
PI. (foot.
CAMPANULACE^E. XV. CAMPANULA.
767
136 C. A'LGIDA (Fisch. mss. ex Alph. D. C. mon. p. 338.)
plant humble ; stems nearly naked, 1 -flowered ; radical leaves
crowded, obovate-lanceolate, setaceously denticulated ; petioles
ciliated ; calyx with a villous tube, and denticulated acuminated
lobes ; corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, twice longer than
the calycine lobes ; capsule somewhat cylindrical. Tf. . H. Na-
tive of Kamtschatka, Unalaschka, Kotzebue's Sound, Cadiak,
and Sledge Island, as well as of the Rocky Mountains in Ame-
rica. C. lasiocarpa, Cham, in Linnaea. 4. p. 39. exclusive of
the syn. Camp. Sayenensis, Fisch. Root slender, white. Stem
glabrous, or slightly pilose. Flower terminal, erect. Corolla
large for the size of the plant, blue. ?
Algid Bell-flower. PI. £ to i foot.
137 C. UNJFLORA (Lin. spec. p. 231. but not of Vill.) stems
1 -flowered ; leaves nearly entire : lower ones obovate, petiolate:
middle ones obovate-lanceolate : upper ones few, linear-lanceo-
late ; calyx rather villous, with linear acuminated lobes, about
equal in length to the corolla, which is funnel-shaped ; capsule
cylindrical. I/ . H. Native of the polar region of America, as
in the Island Unalaschka ; north side of the Rocky Mountains ;
between Point Lake and the Arctic Sea ; Kotzebue's Sound,
Melville Island, Greenland ; and of the north of Europe, as in
Lapland, Sweden, Norway, &c. Svenk, bot. t. 526. Rottb. pi.
greenl. in act. hafn. x. p. 52. t. 6. f. 19. Oed. fl. dan. t. 1512.
— Lin. fl. lap. no. 85. t. 9. f. 5-6. Root simple, blackish. Stems
simple, glabrous. Leaves glabrous. Flower drooping ; deep
azure blue.
Var. ft, Gieseckiana (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 339.) corolla 4
times longer than the calyx. If. . H. Native of Greenland and
Lapland. C. uniflora, Gieseck, herb. Wahl. fl. suec. 1. p. 134.
C. Gieseckiana, Vest, in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 89.
One-flowered Bell-flower. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1815. PI.
1 foot.
* * * Valves situated near the apex of the capsule. Flowers on
short pedicels. Leaves opposite. Branches usually more or less
dichotomous.
138 C. FASTIGIA'TA (Dufr. in herb. D. C. ex Alph. D. C.
mon. p. 340. t. 12. f. B.) plant scabrous, humble; lower leaves
obovate, nearly entire : middle ones obovate-lanceolate, coarsely
3-5-toothed : superior ones linear-lanceolate ; corolla one half
shorter than the calycine segments, which are linear-lanceolate ;
capsule obconical. O- H. Native of Spain, in Arragon and
about Aranjuez. Plant of a greyish colour. Stem branched,
erect ; branches diverging. Leaves rather downy or glabrous.
Flowers sessile, erect, terminal, rising from the axils or above
the axils of the branches, always opposite the leaves, particularly
terminating the stem and branches. The flowers situated in the
lower axils expand before the rest. Corollas small, blue.
Fastigiate Bell-flower. PI. ^ foot.
•j- Species not sufficiently known.
139 C. LIGULA'RIS (Lam. diet. 1. p. 585. ill. no. 2547.) leaves
numerous, alternate, oblong, narrow, obtuse, entire, and ciliated ;
flower erect, terminal, middle-sized ; calyx hispid, with nearly
linear segments and covered sinuses ; corolla tubularly campa-
nulate, bearded a little; stem leafy, nearly glabrous, 1-flowered.
— Native of the Alps of Europe.
Ligular-leaved. Bell-flower. PI. \ foot.
140 C. ASPE'RRIMA (Zuccagni in Rcem. coll. p. 128.) leaves
hastate, tomentose, spiny-toothed ; flowers axillary ; corolla to-
mentose and hispid outside. — Native country unknown. Stem
solitary, erect, tomentose. Cauline leaves imbricate, hastately
cordate, reticulated and tomentose, especially beneath. Flowers
axillary, sessile, solitary. Calyx spiny, shorter than the corolla.
Corolla tubularly campanulate, violaceous.
Very rough Bell-flower. PI. £ foot.
141 C. DECU'RRENS (Zuccagni in Rcem. misc. p. 128.) stem
winged ; leaves decurrent, toothed, hispid ; corolla tomentose
and hispid on the outside. — Native country unknown. Stem
flexuous, winged from the leaves being decurrent. Leaves spa-
tulate, reticulated and tomentose, especially beneath. Flowers
axillary, crowded, seated on a common peduncle. Bracteas
cordate. Calyx hispid.
Decurrent-]eaved Bell-flower. PI. 2 feet.
142 C. A'SPERA (Mcencli. suppl. p. 188.) stem terete, straight,
quite simple ; leaves oblong, sessile, crenated ; peduncles 3-
flowered. $ . H. Native country unknown. Plant hispid
from pili. Leaves obtuse, stiff; radical ones petiolate ; cauline
ones sessile, remote. Racemes loose, terminal. Flowers axil-
lary ; intermediate one pedunculate, lateral 2 adnate to the com-
mon peduncle. Corolla blue. Stigma trifid. Capsule 3-celled.
Rough Bell-flower. PI. 3 feet.
143 C. CYMBALA'RIA (Sibth. et Smith, prod. fl. granc. 1. p.
139.) leaves reniform, cut, quite glabrous, shining ; stems dif-
fuse. Tf. . H. Native of Mount Olympus, in Bithynia. Camp,
foliis cymbalariae crispis montis Olympi Bithyni, Tour. cor.
Perhaps this is either C. fragilis, or C. Bellardieri.
Cymbalaria-lenved Bell-flower. Fl. diffuse.
144 C. WANNE'RI (Roch. pi. banat. var. t. 5. f. 12.) C. hete-
rophylla, Baumg. fl. trans, suppl. ex Feruss. bull. sc. febr. 1829.
Nothing is known of this species.
Warmer's Bell-flower. PI.
145 C. LANCEOLATA (Presl. ex Wanderoth, beitr. zu. fl. Von
Hessen. p. 37. but not of Lapeyr). Nothing more is known of
this plant.
Lanceolate-]eaved Bell-flower. PI.
146 C. MONTA'NA (Delarb. fl. auvergn. p. 40.). Native of
Auvergne. Nothing is known of this plant but the name.
Mountain Bell-flower. PI.
147 C. RIOE'SCENS (Pall, ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
102.) leaves lanceolate: radical ones attenuated into the pe-
tioles, crenated : cauline ones sessile ; stem straight, simple,
downy ; flowers terminal, racemose ; calyxes ciliated. Native
of Siberia, about Lake Baical, in frigid places. Corolla 1-J- inches
long, twice the length of the calyx, with the segments ciliated a
little. Style a little longer than the calyx. Stem a span high,
few-flowered.
Stiffish Bell-flower. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. J foot.
148 C. ADSCE'NDENS (Vest, in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
90.) leaves scattered : lower ones on short petioles, ovate,
toothed : superior ones oblong, quite entire, glabrous as well as
the stem, which is ascendent ; flowers solitary, drooping : caly-
cine leaflets subulate, a little shorter than the corolla. Native
of Siberia. C. rotundifolia, Pall, ex herb. Lamb. Very nearly
allied to C. uniflora.
Ascending Bell-flower. PI. ascending, ^ foot.
149 C. HETERODOXA (Vest, in R«m. et Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 98.) leaves oblong, glabrous; flowers axillary, pedunculate,
spreading; calyx short, with lanceolate-subulate segments, which
are a little shorter than the corolla. "%.. H. Native of Siberia.
C. rotundifolia, Pall. herb. Peduncles axillary, capillary, 1-
flowered, roughish, furnished with bracteoles.
Heterodox Bell-flower. PI. -J to 1 foot.
150 C. LUNARLEFOLIA (Willd. rel. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst.
5. p. 92.) leaves ovate, deeply cordate, petiolate, doubly ser-
rated; flowers secund. 1J.. H. Native of Caucasus.
Lunar la-leaved Bell-flower. PI. 1 foot. ?
151 C. KITAIBELIA'NA (Room, et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 90.)
lower leaves obovate-cuneiform, crenated : superior one linear,
quite entire ; stem quite simple, 1-flowered. 3/.H. Native
of Austria. C. microphylla, Kit. in Schultes, fl. austr. 2. ed.
no. 400.
768
CAMPANULACEJE. XV. CAMPANULA. XVI. SPECULAVRIA.
Kitaibel's Bell-flower. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. | foot.
152 C. E'LEGANS (Roam, et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 105.) leaves
linear-lanceolate, quite entire : lower ones the broadest, smooth,
:md tapering into the petioles ; stem downy ; flowers axillary,
at length spicate ; calycine segments setaceous, divaricate, rather
pungent, length of corolla. It- H. Native of Siberia. C.
speciosa, Willd. rel. ex Rcem. et Schultes, 1. c. Stem simple,
terete, weak. Flowers terminal, and rising from the axillffi of
the superior leaves, forming an interrupted spike, hardly pedun-
culate.
Elegant Bell-flower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 foot.
153 C. CAMTSCHA'TICA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 343.)
radical leaves cordate, toothed : cauline ones oblong-lanceolate,
quite entire; stem weak, usually 1-flowered. I/. H. Native
of Kamtschatka. Radical leaves on long petioles, angularly
toothed, membranous, glabrous : cauline leaves tapering into the
petioles. Root capillary, much branched. Calycine segments
unequal, subulate, reflexed.
Kamtschatka Bell-flower. PI. | foot. ?
Cult. All the species are elegant and handsome when in
blossom, and are well adapted for decorating flower borders.
They in general thrive well in common garden earth. The seeds
of the biennial and annual kinds should be sown in the open
border in spring. The perennial species may either be propa-
gated by division or by seed. Some of the perennial and bien-
nial species, natives of the warmer latitudes, require a little pro-
tection in winter, when the weather is severe. Some of the
smaller perennial kinds answer well for decorating rockwork, or
to be grown in pots, among other alpine plants.
XVI. SPECULA'RIA (so called from the ancient name of
one of the species, Speculum Veneris, or Venus's Looking-glass).
Heister, syst. pi. gen. ex fruct. &c. p. 8. in 1748. Alph. D. C.
mon. p. 344. — Legouzia, Durand, fl. bourg. 2. p. 26. (1782.).
Delarb. fl. auvergn. 1. p. 45. Gray, nat. arrang. brit. pi. 2. p.
410. — Speculum Veneris, Gerard, herb. 356. Rai, hist. 1. p.
742. — Pentagonion, Tabern. icon. 316. — Elatine, Csesalp. 1. 9.
cap. 32. — Avicularia, Gessn. tab. phyt. 9. f. 76. J. Bauh. hist.
2. p. 800. — Campanula species, Dodon. pempt. p. 168. — Tourn.
inst. 1. p. 112. Lin. gen. no. 290. Willd. spec. 1. p. 912. Rcem.
et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 153. — Prismatocarpus species, Lher.
sert. angl. p. 2. Mcench, meth. p. 496. Batsch, anal. flor. 11.
p. 32. t. 13. Lam. et D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3d. vol. 3. p. 708.— Ape-
nula, Neck. elem. 1. p. 234.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-lobed, with an
elongated, prismatic, or long-obconical tube. Corolla rotate, 5-
lobed. Stamens 5, free, one-half shorter than the corolla ;
anthers longer than the filaments, which are short, membranous,
and pilose. Style inclosed, pilose : hairs secund, disposed in 1 0
rows ; stigmas 3, filiform. Capsule long, prismatic, 3-celled,
dehiscing by 3 valves at the apex, or a little above the middle
part.. Seeds ovoid or lenticular, rather compressed, shining
Dwarf annual herbs, natives of the region of the Mediterranean,
and the temperate parts of Europe ; one species alone a native
of America. Leaves alternate, equally scattered over the stem,
small ; lower ones unlike the rest. Flowers terminal and axil-
lary, erect, always sessile. Corollas blue, rose-coloured, white,
grey, or variegated, shining in the sun ; hence the generic
name.
Tube of calyx very long, prismatic, and angular. Capsule
dehiscing towards the top, near the lobes of the calyx. Seeds
ovoid. Leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate, nearly entire, not stem-
clasping.
1 S. PENTAGONS (Alph. D, C. mon. p. 344.) stem branched,
larger ; flowers terminal, solitary ; calyx beset with a few stiff
hairs, having a long prismatic tube, and long linear-lanceolate,
spreading lobes ; corolla the length of the calycine lobes. O-
H. Native of the Levant, about Aleppo ; in Caramania, Candia,
Thrace, &c. Campanula pentagonia, Lin. spec. 1. p. 239. Desf.
choix. cor. p.- 44. t. 33. or ann. mus. 11. p. 143. t. 18. Ker. hot.
reg. t. 56. Prismatocarpus pentagonius, Lher. sert. angl. p. 2.
Stem glabrous or pilose on the angles. Leaves glabrous, nearly
entire or crenulated, with revolute edges ; lower leaves obovate ;
middle cauline ones lanceolate-obovate ; upper cauline ones
linear-lanceolate. The corolla before expansion is blunt and
pentagonal, but when expanded large, white at the base, blue
to the middle part, and violaceous at the extremity of the
lobes.
Pentagonal-dowered Venus's Looking-glass. Fl. May, Aug.
Clt. 1 686. PI. | to 1 foot.
2 S. FALCA'TA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 345.) stem nearly simple ;
flowers disposed in long spikes, or approximate at the tops of the
branches ; calyx glabrous or scabrous on the margins, with a
prismatic tube, and very long lanceolate acuminated lobes, which
are reflexed at the apex, and are twice the length of the corolla.
Q. H. Native of the region of the Mediterranean; as of the
Island of Chalcis or Eubaea ; of Dalmatia ; about Rome and
Naples ; and of Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia ; among corn, and
on dry hills. Campanula falcata, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
154. Guss. pi. rar. p. 96. Prismatocarpus falcatus, Tenore,
prod. p. 16. fl. neap. 1. p. 77. t. 20. Sebas et Maur. fl. rom.
prod. 1. p. 102. — Buxb. cent. 4. p. 24. t. 38. — Cupan. panph.
2. t. 20. Stem glabrous or a little scabrous on the angles.
Leaves glabrous, rarely pilose, with rather revolute edges, cre-
nulated. Flowers sessile, solitary, axillary, the whole forming
a leafy spike. Corolla rose-coloured. Lobes of calyx fal-
cate.
.fa/cafe-calyxed Venus's Looking-glass. Fl. May, Aug. Clt.
1 820. PI. | to 1 foot.
3 S. SPE'CULUM (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 346.) stem branched ;
branches 3-flowered ; calyx glabrous or downy, with a prismatic
tube, which is narrow at the apex, and linear-lanceolate spread-
ing lobes, which are at length reflexed ; corolla length of the
lobes of the calyx. O- H. Native of the temperate parts of
Europe, and throughout the region of the Mediterranean Sea,
in corn-fields ; in Germany, Transylvania, Pyrenees, Spain,
Italy, Greece, Syria, Barbary, &c. Campanula speculum, Lin.
spec. p. 238. Curt. bot. mag. t. 102. Smith, fl. graec. t. 216.
Lagouzia arvensis, Durand. fl. bourg. 1. p. 37. Prismatocarpus
speculum, Lher. sert. angl. p. 2. Campanula pulchella, Salisb.
prod. p. 137. Legouzia Durandi, Delarb. fl. auvergn. p. 45.
Campanula miroir de Venus, Jaume, pi. fr. t. 73. Camp, cor-
data, Visiani. stirp. dalm. spec. p. 5. t. 2. — Weinm. phyt. t. 286.
Besl. eyst. 7. t. 1. f. 1. — Gesn. tab. phyt. 9. t. 76. — Lob. icon,
t. 418. — Dod. pempt. p. 168. t. 1. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 457. sect.
5. t. 2. f. 21. Branches glabrous or scabrous on the angles.
Leaves crenulated, glabrous or 'scabrous ; lower ones obovate ;
middle ones ovate-acute ; superior ones lanceolate, nearly entire.
Flowers terminal and axillary, showy. Corolla greenish- white
at bottom, deep violet towards the middle part, and the lobes
less violaceous, paler on the outside. There is also a variety
with white flowers.
Var. ft, calycina (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 347.) leaves and caly-
cine lobes broader. O. H. Native of Iberia. Legouzia spe-
culum ? Fisch. ined.
Var. y, pubescent (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 347.) the whole plant
pilose; stem erect. Q. H. Native of France and Naples.
Prismatocarpus speculum, var. ft, Lam. et D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3.
Prismatocarpus hirtus, Ten. prod. p. 16. fl. neap. 1. p. 76. t. 19.
Campanula hirta, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 153. Guss. fl.
sic. prodr. 1. p. 246.
CAMPANULACE^E. XVI. SPECULARIA. XVII. TRACHELIUM. XVIII. ADENOPHORA.
769
Var. S, Libdnica (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 347.) stem humble,
simple, erect ; leaves erect ; flowers approximate at the apex.
Common Venus's Looking-glass. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1596.
PI. | to 1 foot.
4 S. HY'BRIDA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 348.) stem nearly
simple ; flowers approximate at the top of the stem ; calyx sca-
brous, with a prismatic tube, which is narrower at the apex, and
short erect ovate-lanceolate lobes ; corolla one-half shorter
than the calycine lobes. O- H. Native of the region of the
Mediterranean, and the temperate parts of Europe, and of Cau-
casus, in corn-fields ; from Barbary, Spain, Sardinia, Italy,
Sicily, and Morea, even to England, Germany, and Siberia ; in
Tauria, Georgia, and Transylvania. Campanula hybrida, Lin.
spec. 239. Smith, engl. bot. t. 375. Prismatocarpus hybridus,
Lher. sert. angl. p. 2. Ten. fl. neap. 1. p. 77. Prismatocarpus
confertus, Mcench, meth. p. 496. Legouzia hybrida, Delarb. fl.
auvergn. p. 47. Camp, spuria, Wall. ined. Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 154. Legouzia parviflora, Gray, nat. arrang. brit.
pi. 2. p. 410.— Cupan. panph. 1. t. 100. Raf. t. 100. f. 2.—
Mor. oxon. 2. p. 4.57. sect. 5. t. 2. f. 22. Stem more or less
scabrous from pili on the angles. Leaves crenated, more or less
pilose ; lower ones obovate ; middle ones ovate, acutish ; supe-
rior ones smaller and ovate-lanceolate. Flowers 3-6, crowded
towards the top of the stem, sessile, rising from the axils of the
upper leaves and top of the stem. Corollas rose-coloured, or of
a bluish rose-colour.
Hybrid Venus's Looking-glass. Fl. May, Aug. England. PI.
| foot.
5 S. COA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 350.) stem humble, nearly
simple ; flowers few, approximate towards the top of the stem ;
calyx downy, with prismatic tube, and erect lanceolate-subulate
lobes; corolla twice longer than the calycine lobes. O- H.
Native of the Island of Cois, in the sand by the sea side. Cam-
panula speculum, var. D'Urv. enum. pi. arch, in mem. Lin. par.
1. p. 280. Prismatocarpus hirtus ? or a new species? D'Urv.
in herb. D. C. Stem pilose, downy at top. Leaves pilose, grey-
ish ; lower ones obovate ; middle ones sessile, ovate-acute ;
superior ones narrower and lanceolate. Flowers 3-6 towards
the top of the stem, sessile, axillary, and terminal. Corolla blue
or white.
Cois Venus's Looking-glass. PI. ^ to \ foot.
6 S. GHILANE'NSIS (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 350.) stem simple
or a little branched ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, serrated ;
flowers subracemose ; segments of the calyx acuminated, ser-
rated, longer than the corolla. Q- H. Native of Persia, in
the province of Ghilan. Campanula Ghilan6nsis, Pall. ined. ex
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 154. Very like S. speculum, but
differs in the stem being simple and much higher, in the calycine
segments being serrated, and ending each in a long setaceous
twisted mucrone.
Ghilan Venus's Looking-glass. PI. 1 foot.
* * Tube of calyx long, obconical, smooth. Capsule dehiscing
towards the middle part. Seeds rather lenticular. Leaves ovate-
roundish, clasping the stem.
7 S. PERFOLIA'TA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 351.) stem erect,
simple, or branched at the base ; flowers disposed in long leafy
spikes ; calyx glabrous, with an obconical tube, and erect lan-
ceolate lobes ; corolla longer than the calycine lobes. O • H.
Native of North America, from New York, and beyond the
Allegheny Mountains, about West-Chester, and on the north-
west Coast ; of Mexico, about Vera Cruz, Xalapa, and La
Pileta ; of Jamaica ; and of Peru. Campanula perfoliata,
Miehx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 108. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 136.
Campanula biflbra, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 55. t. 200.
f. b. Camp, flagellaris, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
VOL. III.
301. t. 265. Camp, angulata, Rafin. fl. lud. p. 55.? — Barr.
obs. t. 1133. Mor. oxon. 2. p. 457. sect. 5. t. 2. f. 23. Stem
pilose, particularly on the angles, but sometimes glabrous.
Leaves distant, crenately toothed, rather pilose. Flowers ses-
sile, rising from the axils of the leaves, solitary or 2-3 together,
and longer than them. Corolla blue, always longer than the
calycine lobes.
Perfoliate-leaved Venus's Looking-glass. Fl. May, Aug. Clt.
1680. PI. £ to li foot.
Cult. All the species are showy border annuals, and are
therefore worth cultivating in every garden. The seeds only
require to be sown in the open ground, where the plants are
intended to remain. By sowing the seeds in the autumn, the
plants will blossom early in summer, and by successive sowings
in spring, at intervals of a fortnight or three weeks, a succession
of blossoming plants may be kept up.
XVII. TRACHE'LIUM (from rpax>?Xoe, trachelos, the neck;
from its supposed efficacy in diseases of the trachea: hence
also it is called Throat-nort in England, Halskraut in Ger-
many, and Hermorilla, in Spain, &c.). Lin. gen. 293. Adans.
fam. nat. 2. p. 13<K Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 155. t. 31. f. 4. Juss.
gen. 165. Lam. ill. no. 2599. t. 126. Schkuhr, handb. 1. t. 40.
Gessn. phyt. p. 105. t. 13. f. 204. Vent. tabl. regn. veg. 2. p.
470. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 352.
LIN. SVST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
5-lobed at the apex, with a very long tube. Stamens 5, free ;
filaments very long, filiform, glabrous, much longer than the an-
thers. Style twice longer than the corolla, glabrous, pilose only
at the apex about the stigmas ; stigmas 2-3, small, obtuse. Cap-
sule 2-3-celled, wholly inferior, spheroid, dehiscing at the base
by lateral pores. Seeds ovoid, small, bay-coloured, shining. —
Herbs with erect, glabrous stems, alternate leaves, and corym-
bose erect small flowers. — Inhabitants of the north of Africa.
1 T. CCERU'LEUM (Lin. hort. ups. 41. spec. 243.) leaves ovate,
acute, coarsely serrated, on short petioles ; corolla violaceous,
salver-shaped, with a very long narrow tube ; stigma trifid. If..
H. Native of the region of the Mediterranean, among rocks ;
in Spain, Mogodor, Sicily, Calabria, Italy, but not farther
north than lat. 42°, as about Rome. Hill. veg. syst. 8. t. 16.
Boissieu, fl. europ. t. 137. Ker. bot. reg. t. 72. — Barrel, icon.
683. — Mor. oxon. sect. 5. t. 5. f. 12. Stem glabrous. Leaves
glabrous or ciliated. Flowers very numerous on the tops of the
stem and peduncles, forming a wide-spreading corymb. Corollas
violaceous.
Blue Throat- wort. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1640. PI. ] to 3
feet.
2 T. ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Schousb. beob. morocc. p. 72.) leaves
narrow-linear, quite entire, obtuse, sessile ; corolla whitish, fun-
nel-shaped, with an elongated tube ; stigma bifid. %.. H. Na-
tive of the kingdom of Morocco, in arid mountainous places.
Stem simple, glabrous. Leaves glabrous. Corymbs like those
of T. cceruleum, but smaller. Corollas whitish.
Narrow-leaved Throat-wort. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. The species are very showy when in blossom. They
grow best in a light soil, against a south wall, or in front of a
hot-house ; and they may either be increased by seed or by
cuttings, planted under a hand-glass in spring.
XVIII. ADENO'PHORA (from dSqv, aden, a gland, and
0op£w, phoreo, to bear ; in reference to the cylindrical nectary
which girds the base of the style). Fisch. ined. ann. 1816. Led.
cat. hort. dorp. ann. 1822. Fisch. diss. Reichb. hort. bot. t. 23.
and 45. but not of Lamour. — Campanula species, Gmel. sib. 3.
p. 148. Lin. gen. no. 290. — Floerkia, Spreng. ann. 1818. but
not of his syst. Campanula, sect. Floerkiana, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 735.
5 F
770
CAMPANULACE^E. XVIII. ADENOPHORA.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
campanulate or funnel-shaped, 5-lobed at the apex. Stamens 5,
free ; filaments erect, membranous, long, very much ciliated,
conniving so closely as to appear coherent. Nectary cylindrical,
girding the base of the style. Style usually exserted, pilose
while in the bud, the hairs disposed in 10 rows, but afterwards
it becomes glabrous; stigmas 3. Capsule 3-celled, dehiscing
laterally at the base by 3 valves. Seeds ovate, more or less flat.
— Perennial, rarely biennial herbs, with usually edible roots (ex
Fisch.). Stems erect. Leaves alternate, very rarely subverti-
cillate; radical ones roundish, petiolate ; cauline ones usually
sessile, becoming narrower and shorter to the top of the stem.
Flowers racemose or panicled, terminal and axillary, pedicellate,
drooping ; clavate while in bud. — Natives of Siberia, China, and
Japan, and one of the east of Europe.
* Leaves broader, ovate-lanceolate, more or less coarsely ser-
rated.
1 A. SINE'NSIS (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 354.) leaves alternate,
ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, acutely serrated ; flowers disposed in
spicate racemes ; calycine lobes linear-lanceolate, entire, gla-
brous ; corolla funnel-shaped ; style a little exserted. I/. H.
Native of China. Stem branched, glabrous or velvety. Leaves
glabrous, deep green above. Flowers disposed in a loose few-
flowered raceme, which is furnished with branchlets at the base.
Corolla blue, glabrous.
Var. a, glabra (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 354?.) tube of calyx
glabrous.
Var. ft, pilosa (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) tube of calyx hairy.
China Adenophora. PI. 1 foot.
2 A. TRICUSPIDA'TA (Fisch. mss. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst.
5. p. 158.) leaves alternate, serrated, smoothish ; radical ones
petiolate, rounded : cauline ones sessile, ovate-lanceolate ; flow-
ers racemose ; calycine lobes triangular, toothed ; corolla cam-
panulate ; style length of corolla. 1£. H. Native of Dahuria.
A. denticulate, Ledeb. suppl. hort. dorp. 1823. Fisch. mss.
Rclib. hort. bot. t. 2. Sweet, fl. gard. 115. Campanula den-
ticulata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 735. Stem simple. Flowers nume-
rous, on short pedicels, disposed in a more or less loose elongated
raceme. Corollas small, blue.
Tricuspidate Adenophora. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI.
1 1 foot.
3 A. VERTICILLA'TA (Fisch. adumb. gen. aden. p. 5. Alph.
D. C. mon. p. 356.) leaves subverticillate, serrately toothed ;
radical ones petiolate, roundish : cauline ones ovate-lanceolate ;
flowers usually verticillate, small ; calycine lobes erect, subu-
late ; corolla campanulate ; style much exserted. %. H. Na-
tive of Dahuria and Japan. Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 160. Cam-
panula verticillata, Pall. voy. 3. p. 719. t. 9. f. 1. ed. gall, ap-
pend. 8. p. 263. t. 75. f. 1. Camp, tetraphylla, Thunb. fl. jap.
p. 87. — Amm. ruth. p. 12. no. 18. Plant glabrous. Leaves
3-6 in a whorl. Flowers small, irregularly disposed at the tops
of the stems, which are simple; lower whorles many-flowered,
remote. Peduncles 1-3-flowered. Corollas pale blue.
Whorled Adenophora. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1783. PI. 2
to 3 feet.
4 A. LATIFOLIA (Fisch. adumbr. gen. aden. p. 6. Alph. D. C.
mon. p. 356.) leaves subverticillate ; cauline ones ovate-oblong,
acuminated, coarsely serrated, roughly ciliated ; flowers scat-
tered or subverticillate; calycine lobes spreading, lanceolate,
with scabrous margins ; corolla campanulately funnel-shaped ;
style a little exserted. Tj.. H. Native of Dahuria. Campa-
nula pereskiaefolia, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 116. Camp,
perescifolia, Spreng. syst. ]. p. 735. Camp. Pereskia, Fisch.
mss. Stem simple, glabrous. Leaves 3-5 in a whorl, glabrous,
except the margins; radical ones not seen. Flowers rather
numerous, scattered over the upper part of the stems, rarely sub-
verticillate ; peduncles 2-3-flowered, sometimes only 1 -flowered.
Corollas blue.
Broad-leaved Adenophora. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1821. PI.
\\ foot.
5 A. LAMA'RKII (Fisch. adumb. gen. aden. p. 6. Alph. D. C.
mon. p 357.) leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, acutely serrated,
ciliated ; flowers racemose ; calycine lobes erect, lanceolate, en-
tire, glabrous ; corolla funnel-shaped ; style length of corolla.
If. . H. Native of Altaia, about Barnaoul. Campanula lilii-
folia, Lam. diet. 1. p. 581.— Gmel. sib. 3. p. 148. t. 26.? Stem
glabrous, simple at the base, but furnished with short floriferous
branches at the apex. Leaves glabrous, except on the margins.
Flowers disposed in an elongated many-flowered raceme, which
is compound at the base. Corollas blue.
Var. ft, angustifblia (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 357.) cauline
leaves lanceolate, narrow, long-acuminated, petiolate ; style ex-
serted. 1£. H. A. Lamarkii, Fisch. ined. in herb. Prescott.
Lanark's Adenophora. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
6 A. LILIIFOLIA (Ledeb. cat. hort. dorp. 1822. Alph. D. C.
mon. 358. t. 1. f. B.) leaves alternate ; radical ones petiolate,
ovate-roundish, cordate, crenately toothed : cauline ones sessile,
ovate-lanceolate, coarsely serrated ; flowers numerous, panicled ;
calycine lobes erectish, triangular, a little toothed ; corolla cam-
panulate ; style exserted. y. . H. Native throughout Siberia,
south of Tauria; east of Europe, especially in Lithuania, about
Grodno ; also in Volhynia, Galicia, Podolia, and Bohemia ; about
Vienna; in Hungary, France, Candia, &c. A. communis, Fisch.
adumbr. gen. aden. p. 6. A. stylosa, Rchb. hort. bot. t. 45.
but not of Lam. nor Fisch. Campanula Fischeri, Rcem. et
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 116. Camp, umbrosa, Dietr. lex. 1.
p. 672. Camp, rhomboidea ft, Willd. spec. 1. p. 899. Poll. fl.
veron. 1. p. 274. Camp, alpina, Lin. spec, append, p. 1669.
Lam. diet. 1. p. 581. Camp, liliifolia, Lin. spec. 1. p. 233.
Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 3. p. 46. t. 335. Ker. bot. reg. t. 236.
Root thick, fusiform, esculent, sometimes simple, and sometimes
divided into many turnip-formed tubers. Stem glabrous. Leaves
glabrous, or rather pilose. Flowers numerous, sweet-scented,
disposed in a more or less compound, elongated, and loose py-
ramidal panicle. Corollas blue, or whitish blue.
Var. ft, infundibuliformis (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 359.) corollas
funnel-shaped. If. . H. Native of Hungary. Campanula lilii-
folia, Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 3. p. 274. t. 247. Camp,
suaveolens, Willd. enum. p. 10. Camp, liliifolia ft, Rcem. ct
Schultes, 5. p. 110. Adenophora suaveolens, Rchb. hort. bot.
t. 32.
Var. y, spreta (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 359.) stem downy to-
wards the apex ; leaves rather hairy on both surfaces. I/. H.
Native of Siberia. Campanula spreta, Rcem. et Schultes, syst.
5. p. 123.
Lily-leaved Adenophora. Fl.. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1784. PI. 1
to \\ foot.
7 A. STYLOSA (Fisch. adumbr. gen. aden. p. 6. Alph. D. C.
mon. 360. but not of Rchb. hort. bot. t. 45.) leaves alternate,
petiolate : lower ones obovate, sinuated : upper ones ovate,
acuminated ; flowers few, racemose ; calycine lobes triangular,
erect, entire ; corolla funnel-shaped ; style usually exserted.
% . H. Native of Siberia and Tartary. Campanula stylosa,
Lam. diet. 1. p. 580. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 110. but not
of Besser, cat. hort. crem. 1816. p. 27. — Gmel. sib. 3. p. 152.
t. 27. Stems ascending, glabrous. Leaves firm, glabrous.
Flowers disposed in a loose, naked, few-flowered raceme. Co-
rollas small, pale blue.
Long-styled Adenophora. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PI.
1 to li foot.
CAMPANULACE^E. XVIII. ADENOPHORA. XIX. SYMPHYANDRA.
771
8 A. INTERMEDIA (Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 108.) radical leaves
petiolate, cordate, toothed : cauline leaves lanceolate, attenuated
at the base, serrated, crowded : lower ones on short petioles,
elliptic-lanceolate, remotely serrated; style very long. If.. H.
Native of Siberia. Campanula stylosa affinis, Fisch. cat. hort.
Gorenk. 1808. p. 52. Camp, intermedia, Rcem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 110. but not of Led. Flowers small, pale blue.
Intermediate Adenophora. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. PI.
3 feet.
9 A. PERIPLOC-EFOLIA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 361.) leaves alter-
nate, petiolate, ovate, acute, somewhat cordate, crenately ser-
rated ; flowers few ; calycine lobes triangular, acute, a little
toothed ; corolla campanulate, truncate at the apex ; style ex-
serted. If.. H. Native of Siberia. Campanula periplocifblia,
Lam. diet. 1. p. 580. Stem ascending, glabrous. Leaves gla-
brous. Flowers few at the top of the stem, sometimes only one.
Corolla pale blue.
Periploca-leaved Adenophora. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824.
PI. i foot.
10 A. CORONOPIFOLIA (Fisch. adumbr. gen. aden. p. 5. Rchb.
hort. hot. t. 23.) leaves alternate : radical ones petiolate, ovate-
roundish, cordate, crenately toothed : cauline leaves sessile,
linear-lanceolate, nearly entire, quite glabrous, smooth ; flowers
few, racemose ; calycine lobes spreading, lanceolate, entire ;
corolla campanulate ; style length of corolla. If.. H. Native
of Dahuria and Altaia. Sweet, fl. gard. 104. Campanula
coronopifolia, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 157. Camp, salici-
folia, JHSS. herb. ? ex Fisch. Camp. Fischeriana, Spreng. cur.
post. p. 77. Aden. Lamarkii angustifolia, Fisch. ined. Root
nearly simple. Stems simple, glabrous. Leaves glabrous.
Flowers 3-10, disposed in a simple raceme at the top of the
stem, on short pedicels. Corollas large, blue.
Var. /3, latifolia (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 362.) leaves broader,
and sharply toothed, 1{. H. A. coronopifolia latifolia, Fisch.
adumbr. gen. aden. p. 5.
Var. y, angustifblia (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves very narrow,
almost entire. If.. H. Aden, coronopifolia angustifolia, Fisch.
ined. Camp, erysimoides, Rcem. et Sehultes, syst. 5. p. 102.
Buck-horn-leaved Adenophora. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
* * Leaves narrower, linear, entire or nearly so.
11 A. GMEL!NI (Fisch. adumbr. gen. aden. p. 5. Alph. D. C.
mon. p. 362.) cauline leaves alternate, erect, linear, very narrow,
entire, glabrous, smooth ; flowers few, secund ; calycine lobes
erect, lanceolate, entire ; corolla campanulately funnel-shaped ;
style inclosed. If. . H. Native of Dahuria, in dry stony places.
Campanula Rabelaisian,!, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 158.
Camp, pomponiifolia, Fisch. mss. — Gmel. sib. 3. p. 162. t. 33.
Stem quite simple, glabrous. Flowers secund, 3-10, on the top
of each stem, rising from the axils of the upper leaves, disposed
in a long raceme. Corollas blue.
Var. ft, stylosa (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 365.) style exserted.
If.. H. Campanula Gmelini, Spreng. mant. 1. p. 56. but not of
Roem. et Schultes.
Gmelin's Adenophora. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to
2 feet.
12 A. CORONA'TA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 365.) radical leaves
petiolate, ovate-roundish, cordate, crenately toothed : cauline
ones alternate, erect, linear-lanceolate, remotely subserrated,
rather scabrous ; flowers panicled ; calycine lobes linear, entire ;
corolla campanulate ; style exserted. If. . H. Native of Da-
huria, on the mountains about Sajan. A. marsupiflora, Fisch.
adumbr. gen. aden. p. 5. Rchb. hort. bot. t. 15. A. intermedia,
Ledeb. cat. hort. dorp, suppl. 2. 1824. but not of Fisch. in Roem.
et Schultes, syst. Campanula coronata, Ker. bot. reg. t. 146.
exclusive of the syn. of Gmel. sib. t. 33. Camp, linophylla,
Pall, in herb. Banks. Cam. syngenesiflora, Pall. herb, ex Fisch.
Camp, monadelpha, Pall, ex Fisch. Camp. Sajanensis, Pall, in
herb. Kunth. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 102. Camp, mar-
supiiflora, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 116. Link. enum. 1.
p. 213. Camp. Gmelini, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 103.
but not of Spreng. nor Fisch. Camp, stenanthina, Ledeb. ex
Fisch. adumbr. Floerkia marsupiiflora, Spreng. anliet. 2. p.
523. Root fusiform. Stem simple, or furnished with a few
floriferous branches at top, rather scabrous. Leaves rather sca-
brous. Flowers scentless, disposed in a loose elongated panicle,
terminal and axillary. Peduncles slender, 1-5-flowered. Corollas
bluish-violet.
Crowned Adenophora. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818, PI. 1 to
3 feet.
t A species hardly known.
ISA.? TRIPHY'LLA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 365.) leaves 3 in a
whorl, linear ; flowers 3 in a whorl. If,. H. Native of Japan,
where it is called Todoki Nisjin, ex Thunb. Campanula tri-
phylla, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 87. Root fusiform. Plant glabrous.
Leaves sessile, with reflexed edges. Peduncles capillary, 1-
flowered, axillary, rarely divided, thrice longer than the leaves.
Three-leaved Adenophora. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. All the species are elegant border-flowers, and are
therefore worth cultivating in every garden. They grow in
common garden soil, and are to be increased by seeds, as divid-
ing at the root is almost sure to kill the plants.
XIX. SYMPHYA'NDRA (from trvp<f>viji, syrnphyo, to com-
bine, and aVijp, aner, a male ; in reference to the anthers being
combined into a tube). Alph. D. C. mon. p. 365. — Campanula
species, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 154. &c.
LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Pentdndria. Calyx 5-cleft. Co-
rolla 5-lobed at the apex, usually velvety, and cream-coloured.
Stamens 5 ; filaments free, membranous, ciliated ; anthers com-
bined into a long tube, which is 5-lobed at top. Style cylin-
drical, pilose ; stigmas 3, filiform. Capsule 3-celled, dehiscing
by 3 valves at the base. Seeds ovate, more or less flattened,
shining. — Herbaceous perennial or woody plants. Leaves alter-
nate, petiolate, cordate ; lower ones larger and on longer peti-
oles. Flowers terminal and axillary, pedicellate, usually race-
mose, rather large. — Three of the species inhabit the region of
Caucasus, and one the Island of Candia.
SECT. I. Sinuses of calyx not covered by the appendages.
1 S. CRE'TICA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 366. t. 8.) quite gla-
brous; stems erect, herbaceous; leaves ovate, acute, irregularly
serrated ; flowers drooping, racemose ; calycine lobes long-
acuminated ; corolla campanulately funnel-shaped. If . H. Na-
tive of Candia, on the Spaceotic Mountains near Aradena. Cam-
panula nutans, Sieb. herb. cret. but not of Lam. Flowers dis-
posed in a loose raceme at the top of the stem. Peduncles thick,
1-3-flowered. Corollas 15 lines long, white.?
Cretan Symphyandra. PI. 1| foot.
SECT. II. Sinuses of calyx covered by the appendages.
2 S. PE'NDULA (Alph. D.C. mon. p. 366.) stems branched, pendu-
lous, very firm, pilose ; leaves ovate, acute, crenately toothed,
velvety ; flowers panicled ; calycine lobes lanceolate ; sinuses of
calyx reflexed, ovate, acute ; corollas funnel-shaped, velvety.
If.. H. Native of Caucasus, among rocks. Sweet, fl. gard. n.
s. t. 66. Campanula pendula, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 154. no. 384.
Bess. cat. hort. crem. 1811. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 144.
5 F 2
772
CAMPANULACE.E. XIX. SYMPHYANDRA. XX. MUSSCHIA. XXI. MERCIERA.
Camp. Vandesii, G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 77. Roots
rather creeping, throwing out many stems. Flowers drooping,
showy, cream-coloured, disposed in a loose panicle, intermixed
with the leaves; peduncles 1-3-flowered.
Pendulous-branched Symphyandra. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
1817. PI. 1 foot.
3 S. ARME'NA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 367.) stem erect, twiggy,
stiff, pilose ; leaves ovate, acute, coarsely serrated, clothed with
hoary velvety down ; flowers terminal, solitary ; calyx hoary,
with triangular entire segments; sinuses of calyx reflexed, small,
acute; corolla tubular, velvety. Tf.. H. Native of Caucasus,
in the fissures of rocks, about Gandsha. Campanula Armena,
Stev. mem. soc. mosc. 3. p. 256. Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 145.
Root oblong, fixed to rocks. Stem branched, rather woody,
purplish, downy. Leaves tomentose beneath ; lower ones cor-
date, similar to those of Alliaria officinalis. Flowers solitary,
drooping, terminating the branches. Corolla blue.
Armenian Symphyandra. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. PI.
1 foot.
4 S. ? OSSE'TICA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 368.) stem humble,
simple ; leaves petiolate, cordate, doubly serrated ; calyxes gla-
brous, with the segments long and denticulated, much shorter
than the sinuses, which are reflexed ; corolla somewhat 5-cleft,
having the segments pilose inside. I/ . H. Native of Iberia, in
Ossetia, on Mount Kaischaur. Campanula Ossetica, Bieb. fl.
taur. suppl. p. 145. Habit of S. pendula, but is destitute of
branches, and is wholly glabrous. Flowers solitary, axillary,
erect, disposed in a crowded simple raceme from the middle of
the stem to its top. Corollas blue.
Ossetian Symphyandra. PI. -| to 1 foot.
Cult. These plants have much the habit of the large bell-
flowered species of Campanula, as C. punctdta and C. medium.
They are of easy culture, and are increased by dividing at the
root, or by seed ; and being showy, are worth cultivating as
border-flowers.
XX. MU'SSCHIA (so named by Alphonse de Candolle, in
honour of J. M. Mussche, director of the botanic garden at
Gaud.). Alph. D. C. mon. p. 368. t. 6. f. A. — Campanula spe-
cies of Lin. and others.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
deeply 5-cleft, of a golden yellow colour. Stamens 5, cuspidate
at the apex, free ; filaments broadest at the base, glabrous.
Stigmas 5. Capsule 5-celled, 10-nerved, dehiscing by nume-
rous transverse lateral fissures between the nerves ; cells alter-
nating with the calycine lobes and stamens. Seeds numerous,
small, ovoid, shining. — A small glabrous shrub, native of Ma-
deira and Teneriffe, altogether different in habit to any other
campanulaceous plant. Stem thick. Leaves alternate, large,
serrated. Flowers numerous, pyramidally racemose, yellow.
1 M. AU'REA (Dumortier, comm. bot. ann. 1823. p. 28. Alph.
D. C. mon. p. 368.). *} • G. Native of Madeira and Teneriffe,
among rocks. Campanula aurea, Lin. suppl. p. 141. Lam. diet.
1. p. 590. Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 223. Vent. malm. t. 116. Du-
ham. arbr. 3. p. 169. with a good figure. Ker. bot. reg. t. 57.
Plant suffruticose, evergreen, milky, quite glabrous. Stem sim-
ple, rather fleshy, marked by the cicatrices occasioned by the
falling of the leaves, but furnished with a crown of leaves at top:
and annual floriferous branches, which are disposed in a leafy
pyramidal panicle. Leaves 3-6 inches long, pale green, shining.
Peduncles 1-3-flowered. Flowers erect.
Var. /3, angustifolia (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 369.) leaves very
narrow. \ . G. Native along the coast of Madeira, on rocks.
Campanula aurea, Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 4. t. 472.
Co/rfen-flowered Musschia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1777. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
Cult. This remarkable shrub thrives very well in a mixture
of loam and peat ; but is only to be increased by seed, of which
abundance is produced in the gardens.
t A genus not sufficiently known, and it is not quite certain
whether it belongs to Campanulacece.
XXI. MERCIE'RA (named by Alphonse De Candolle, in
honour of his friend, Philip Mercier, who has written a mono-
graph on the order Polemoniacece). Alph. D. C. mon. p. 370. —
Trachelium species, Thunb. prod. p. 38. Lin. suppl. p. 143. —
Roella species, Banks, herb.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft, with an
ovoid tube. Corolla 5-lobed, caducous, with a very narrow
tube. Stamens 5, free ; filaments very slender at the base,
much longer than the anthers. Style filiform, usually ex-
serted, glabrous; stigmas 2, very short. Ovarium inferior, 1-
celled, probably always. Ovula usually 4, placed in the bottom
of the ovarium. Capsule indehiscent. ? — Small Cape shrubs,
with the habit of Roella. Stems erect, branched ; branches
very leafy, downy, rather woody, reddish. Leaves sessile,
alternate, crowded, linear-subulate, more or less ciliated, stiff,
and very similar to those of Roella. Flowers sessile, solitary,
spicate, always axillary. Inflorescence centripetal. Calyx
with a very hispid tube, and lanceolate acute smoothish seg-
ments. Corolla like that of Trachelium, long, tubular, and
narrow. The character of the capsule still remains unknown ;
this is, however, without doubt inferior, and probably 1-celled,
and contains 4 ovula in the bottom. The capsule is without
any indication of dehiscence in the specimen examined by Alph.
D. C.
1 M. TENUIFOLIA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 370. t. 5.) leaves
much ciliated ; corolla blue, longer than the leaves, 5-lobed
at the very apex : lobes lanceolate, spreading, pilose on the
back ; style a little exserted. Pj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Trachelium tenuifolium, Thunb. prod. fl. cap. p.
38. Lin. suppl. p. 143. Roella compacta, R. pinifolia, and
Trachelium tenuifolium, Thunb. in herb. Banks. Habit of
Roella ciliata. Stem erect, branched. Flowers very numerous,
always lateral, solitary and sessile in the axils of the leaves.
Fine-leaved Merciera. Shrub 1 foot.
2 M. BREVIFOLIA (Alph. D. C. p. 371.) leaves ciliated a little ;
corolla white, length of leaves, 5-lobed at the apex : lobes lan-
ceolate, spreading, glabrous ; style doubly longer than the co-
rolla, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Roella
lateriflora, Banks, herb. Very like the preceding. Flowers
numerous, lateral, solitary, in the axils of the leaves.
Short-leaved Merciera. Shrub 1 foot.
3 M. LEPTOLOBA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 371.) leaves ciliated;
corolla rather shorter than the leaves, white, 5-cleft: lobes linear,
erectish, glabrous ; style length of corolla. Tj • ^- Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Habit of the preceding species.
Flowers sessile, solitary, among the leaves. '
Slender-lobed-ftovtered. Merciera. Shrub 1 foot.
Cult. A mixture of peat and sand is a good soil for the
species of Merciera ; and they may be increased either by cut-
tings under a hand-glass, or by seed.
•f Plants referred to the genus Campanula, but it is doubtful to
nhat genera they belong.
1 CAMPA'NULA STELLAVTA (Thunb. phyt. bl. p. 20. mem. acad.
petersb. 4. p. 373. with a figure) leaves 3 in a whorl, linear,
entire ; flowers axillary, pedunculate ; stem frutescent, terete,
glabrous, branched, erectish, a hand high ; branches alternate,
simple, a little curved ; leaves sessile, acute, imbricated, ungui-
cular ; flowers solitary, at the tops of the branches ; peduncles
CAMPANULACE^E. CAMPANULA DUBLE. EPACRIDE.E.
773
capillary, flexuous, an inch long. J; . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. This is certainly not a species of Campanula,
but it may be a species of Lightfootia, Roella, or Prismato-
cdrpus.
Stellate Bell-flower. Shrub | to 1 foot.
2 CAMPA'NULA LANCEOLA'TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 96.) branch-
ed, glabrous ; leaves alternate or nearly opposite, on short peti-
oles, lanceolate, serrated, acuminated ; flowers terminal ; calycine
segments lanceolate and jagged ; capsule obovate, 5-celled. O-
H. Native of Chittagong, in humid valleys. Plant delicate,
1§ foot high, simple or branched at the top, sending out 2 or
3 1-flowered peduncles. Flowers inclined, size and form of C.
rotundifblia. Radical leaves not seen. Perhaps this plant is
allied to Platycbdon.
Lanceolate-leaved Bell-flower. PI. 1 to 1 J- foot.
3 CAMPA'NULA PHYTEUMOIDES (Zuccagni, cent. 1. obs. bot. in
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 84.) plant small; radical leaves
numerous, lanceolate, obtuse, running down the petioles, undu-
lated ; cauline leaves few, remote, sessile, stem-clasping, mucro-
nate ; flowers sessile, crowded into a short spike or in a head ;
calyx with a tetragonal base, and erect, lanceolate, smooth seg-
ments ; corolla campanulate, violaceous, larger than the calyx ;
style elevated, exserted ; capsule tetragonal. — Native of Mount
Olympus, in Bithynia. Perhaps a species of Phyteuma.
Phyteuma-like Bell-flower. PI. small.
4 CAMPA'NULA GLAU'CA (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 88.) leaves sessile,
ovate, serrated, glaucous beneath ; stem angular, panicled ; pe-
duncles 1-flowered. — Native of Japan, near Nagasaki; also cul-
tivated. Kekko Kaempf. amcen. v. p. 822. Stem suflfruticose,
angular, glabrous, paniculately branched at top. Leaves green
above, with rather reflexed edges. Flowers axillary, and on the
tops of the branches solitary. Peduncles bracteate. Corollas
large, blue. The roots are esculent, like those of Rampion. It
is, perhaps, a species of Campanula, but more probably of Platy-
codon or Adenophora.
Glaucous Bell-flower. PI 2 feet.
5 CAMPA'NULA MONTEVIDEE'NSIS (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 788.)
stem erect, downy, branched at the base ; leaves obsoletely cre-
nated : lower ones spatulate : superior ones cordate, stem-clasp-
ing ; flowers solitary, sessile ; calycine segments ovate, cuspi-
date.— Native of Monte Video, where it was collected by
Sello.
Monte- Video Bell-flower. PI. erect.
6 CAMPA'NULA CARNOSA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 102.)
plant smooth, fleshy, procumbent ; leaves ovate, cuspidately ser-
rated, petiolate ; flowers axillary, on capillary peduncles, which
are about equal in length to the leaves ; filaments linear, not
dilated at the base. "If. . H. Native of Nipaul on Mount Sheo-
pore, towards the middle, on rocks near rivulets. Stems creep-
ing, obscurely 3-cornered. Flowers very small, of a pale blue.
Calycine segments entire, erect. Corolla funnel-shaped, more
than twice the length of the calyx, with a quinquefid sub-bila-
biate limb ; segments oblong, acute, equal ; the two uppermost
ones more parallel and erect ; the rest spreading. Stamens dis-
tinct, distant, a little shorter than the corolla ; filaments flat, not
valvate at the base, inserted together with the corolla on the
disc of the ovarium ; anthers erect, linear. Ovarium oblong,
obscurely triangular, 3-celled, many-seeded ; its vertex not
elongated, as is usual in the genus, but covered by a fleshy yel-
lowish disc. Style filiform ; stigmas 3, linear. Capsule club-
shaped, prismatic, bursting towards the base by 3 round valves.
This is certainly not a species of Campanula, but from the cha-
racters given, it appears to be a new genus, connecting Cam-
panulacecB with Loleliacece.
Fleshy Bell-flower. PI. creeping.
ORDER CXXXVIII. EPACRI'DE^ (this order contains
plants agreeing with Epacris in important characters). R. Br.
prod. p. 535.
Calyx 5-parted, (rarely 4-parted), usually coloured, perma-
nent. Corolla hypogynous, monopetalous, with the tube some-
times divisible into 5 parts ; limb 5-cleft, rarely 4-cleft, equal,
and sometimes bursting transversely from the segments, co-
hering, valvate or imbricate in aestivation, deciduous or mar-
cescent. Stamens equal in number to the segments of the
corolla, and alternating with them, rarely fewer ; filaments
epipetalous or hypogynous ; anthers simple, with a single
polliniferous receptacle, constituting a complete, rarely a
marginate dissepiment, undivided, dehiscing longitudinally.
Pollen subglobose, rather angular, or composed of 3 com-
bined globules. Ovarium sessile, usually girded by 5 dis-
tinct or combined scales, many-celled, rarely 1 -celled. Seeds
solitary or indefinite. Style 1 ; stigma 1, sometimes toothed.
Fruit drupaceous, baccate, or capsular. Seeds albuminous.
Embryo straight, slender, longer than the half of the albumen. —
Shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate, very rarely opposite,
entire, rarely serrated, usually petiolate, or with a simple base ;
having the bases broader, imbricated, cucullate, and sheathing a
little. Flower spicate or racemose, terminal : or solitary and
axillary. Calyxes or pedicels furnished with 2 or more brae-
teas, which are of the same texture as the calyx. Flowers white
or purple, rarely blue. This order is chiefly distinguished from
Ericaceae in the anthers being awnless and 1-celled. The
shrubs are all elegant, of a dry prickly habit, with tubular or
campanulate flowers.
Synopsis of the genera.
TRIBE I.
STYPHYLIE'JE. Cells of ovarium 1-seeded. Pericarps closed,
rarely capsular.
1 STYPHE'LIA. Calyx with 4 or more bracteas. Corolla long,
tubular ; tube furnished on the inside near the base with 5 fasci-
cles of villi : segments of the limb revolute, bearded. Filaments
exserted.
2 ASTROLOMA. Calyx imbricated by 4 or more bracteas.
Corolla with a ventricose tube (f. 132. &.), furnished with 5 fas-
cicles of villi near the base, inside ; limb short, spreading,
bearded (f. 132. c.). Filaments inclosed.
3 STENANTHE'RA. Calyx many-bracteate. Corolla tubular,
ventricose, without any fascicles of hairs inside ; limb short,
spreading, bearded a little. Filaments inclosed.
4 MELICHHUS. Calyx many-bracteate. Corolla rotate or
urceolate, furnished with 5 fascicles of glands near the base in-
side ; segments half bearded.
5 CYATHODES. Calyx many-bracteate. Corolla funnel-
shaped, without any fascicles of villi or glands inside ; limb
spreading, a little bearded. Filaments inclosed. Drupe bac-
cate.
6 LISSA'NTHE. Calyx bibracteate or bractless. Corolla
funnel-shaped : limb beardless. Drupe baccate.
774
EPACRIDEJi. I. STYPHE'LIA.
7 LEUCOPOGON. Calyx bibracteate. Corolla funnel-shaped :
limb spreading, bearded lengthwise. Filaments inclosed.
Drupe baccate or dry.
8 MoNOTbcA. Calyx bibracteate. Corolla funnel-shaped;
limb and throat beardless. Ovarium 1-seeded. Drupe bac-
cate.
9 ACROTRICHE. Calyx bibracteate. Corolla funnel-shaped :
segments of the limb furnished with a reflexed beard at the
apex. Drupe rather baccate.
10 TROCHOCA'RPA. Calyx bibracteate. Corolla campanulate :
limb spreading, bearded. Stamens exserted. Ovarium 10-celled.
Drupe baccate.
1 1 DECA'SPORA. Calyx bibracteate. Corolla campanulate :
limb loosely bearded. Stamens exserted. Ovarium 10-celled.
12 PENTACHONDRA. Calyx with 4 or more bracteas. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped ; limb spreading, longitudinally and densely
bearded.
13 NEEDHA'MIA. Calyx bibracteate. Corolla salver-shaped :
limb 5-cleft, beardless, with elevated sinuses, plicate in aestiva-
tion. Stamens inclosed. Ovarium 2-celled.
14 OLIGARRHE'NA. Calyx 4-parted, bibracteate. Corolla
4-cleft, permanent, valvate in aestivation. Stamens 2, inclosed.
Ovarium 2-celled.
Tribe II.
EPACRIE'/E. Cells Iqf ovarium many-seeded. Pericarp cap-
sular.
15 EPA'CRIS. Calyx coloured, many-bracteate (f. 133. a.);
bracteas texture of calyx. Corolla tubular (f. 133. c.), with a
beardless limb. Stamens epipetalous (f. 133. 6.). Anthers pel-
tate above the middle. Hypogynous scales 5. Placentas ad-
nate to the central column.
16 LYSINE'MA. Calyx coloured, many-bracteate ; bracteas
texture of the calyx. Corolla salver-shaped : with the tube
sometimes divided into 5 parts to the base ; segments of the
limb beardless, bent to the right. Stamens hypogynous. An-
thers peltate above the middle. Hypogynous scales 5. Pla-
centas adnate to the central column.
1 7 PRIONOTES. Calyx bractless. Corolla tubular, with an
open throat, and a beardless limb. Stamens hypogynous ; fi-
laments half adhering to the tube. Anthers with a complete
dissepiment. Hypogynous scales 5.
1 8 COSME'LIA. Calyx foliaceous. Corolla tubular. Stamens
epipetalous. Anthers adnate to the ciliated tops of the fila-
ments. Hypogynous scales 5. Placentas adnate to the central
column.
19 ANDERSONIA. Calyx coloured, imbricated by 2 or more
foliaceous bracteas. Corolla length of calyx ; segments of the
limb bearded at the base. Stamens hypogynous. Anthers fixed
beneath their middle. Hypogynous scales 5. Placentas adnate
to the central column.
20 PONCELE'TIA. Calyx loliaceous. Corolla short, campa-
nulate, 5-cleft, beardless. Stamens hypogynous ; anthers pel-
tate beneath the middle, with a marginate dissepiment. Hypo-
gynous scales wanting. Placentas adnate to the central column.
21 SPRENGE'LIA. Calyx a little coloured. Corolla 5-parted,
rotate, beardless. Stamens hypogynous. Anthers connate or
free, with an immarginate dissepiment. Hypogynous scales
wanting. Placentas adnate to the central column.
22 CYSTA'NTHE. Calyx foliaceous. Corolla closed, calyptri-
form, dehiscing transversely, with a truncate permanent base.
Stamens hypogynous, permanent. Hypogynous scales wanting.
Placentas hanging from the top of the central column.
23 RICHEA. Calyx membranous, bractless. Corolla closed,
calyptriform, dehiscing transversely, with a truncate permanent
base. Stamens hypogynous, permanent. Hypogynous scales
5. Placentas hanging from the top of the central column.
24 DRACOPHY'LLUM. Calyx bractless. Corolla funnel-shaped,
with a rather ventricose tube, and a 5-parted spreading acntish
beardless limb. Stamens hypogynous. Hypogynous scales 5.
Placentas hanging from the top of the central column.
25 SPENOTOMA. Calyx bibracteate. Corolla salver-shaped,
with a slender tube, a coarctate throat, and a blunt beardless
limb. Stamens epipetalous. Hypogynous scales 5. Placentas
hanging from the top of the central column.
Tribe I.
STYPHELIE^. Cells of ovarium 1 - seeded. Pericarp
closed, rarely capsular.
I. STYPHE'LIA (from (rru^tXcs, slyphelos, rough or harsh ;
from the stiff, compact, harsh habit of the shrubs). R. Br.
prod. p. 537. Styphelia species, Smith.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx girded by 4 or
more bracteas. Corolla elongated, tubular ; tube furnished with
5 fascicles of villi near the base inside : segments of the limb
revolute, bearded. Filaments exserted. Ovarium 5 -celled.
Drupe nearly dry, containing a solid bony putamen. — Erect or
ascending, branched, smoothish, shrubs. Leaves scattered, on
short petioles, mucronate. Flowers axillary, drooping, or diva-
ricate, showy. Peduncles 1-flowered, rarely 2 -3 -flowered.
Hypogynous scales 5, distinct, rarely combined.
1 S. LONOIFOLIA (R. Br. prod. p. 537.) leaves long-lanceolate,
attenuated at the apex, rather concave above, with smooth mar-
gins ; branchlets downy. I? . G. Native of New South Wales,
about Port Jackson. Ker. bot. reg. 21. Flowers green.
Long-leaved Styphelia. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1807. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
2 S. UE'TA (R. Br. prod. p. 537.) leaves elliptic, or oblong-
lanceolate, flat, glaucous, imbricated, with scabrous denticulated
edges ; branchlets downy ; stem erect. (7 . G. Native of New
South Wales, about Port Jackson. Flowers red.
Fruitful Styphelia. Fl.? Clt. 1822. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
3 S. ADSCE'NDENS (R. Br. prod. p. 537.) leaves lanceolate,
flat, with scabrous dentately ciliated margins, glaucous be-
neath and manifestly striated ; stems diffuse, with ascending
branches. Jj . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Flowers
scarlet.
Ascending Styphelia. Fl. ? Clt. 1822. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
4 S. LATIFOLIA (R. Br. prod. p. 537.) leaves broadly ovate,
acute, imbricated, rather concave above, with scabrous edges ;
flowers erectish. ^ • G. Native of New South Wales, about
Port Jackson. Flowers pink.
Broad-leaved Styphelia. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub
4 to 6 feet.
5 S. VIRIDIFLORA (R. Br. prod. p. 537.) leaves obovate-
EPACRIDE^E. II. ASTROLOMA. III. STENANTHERA. IV. MELICHRUS.
775
oblong, obtuse, mucromilate, flat, smooth above, with the mar-
gins rather scabrous, and are, as well as the flowers, divaricate,
(j . G. Native of New South Wales, about Port Jackson.
Andr. bot. rep. 312. Flowers green, with brown anthers.
Green-Jtowered Styphelia. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1791. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
6 S. TRiFtoRA (Andr. bot. rep. 72.) leaves elliptic or oblong-
lanceolate, flat, glaucous, smooth every where, as well as on the
margins ; branchlets glabrous ; flowers corymbosely approxi-
mate ; peduncles 1-3-flowered. Jj . G. Native of New South
Wales, about Port Jackson. R. Br. prod. p. 537. Sims, bot.
mag. 1297. Flowers pink, with a cream-coloured limb.
Three-flowered Styphelia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1796. Shrub
0 feet.
7 S. TUBIFLORA (Smith, new holl. 45. t. 14.) leaves linear,
obovate, mucronate, rather scabrous above, with revolute edges ;
flowers drooping. (7 . G. Native of New South Wales, about
Port Jackson. R. Br. prod. p. 537. Lodd. bot. cab. 1938.
Flowers scarlet.
Tube-flowered Styphelia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1802.
8 S. GLAUCE'SCENS (Sieb. pi. nov. holl. ex Spreng. syst. add.
p. 67.) leaves lanceolate, mucronate, quite entire, smooth, finely
striated, glaucous; peduncles short, 1-flowered. fj . G. Na-
tive of New Holland.
Glaucescent Styphelia. Shrub.
Cult. This is a very handsome genus of shrubs. A mixture
of one-third sandy loam, and two-thirds sandy peat, answers the
species best ; and young cuttings, planted in sand under a bell-
glass, will strike root.
II. ASTROLO'MA (aorpov, astron, a star, and Xw^a, loma,
a fringe ; in reference to the bearded limb of the corolla.
R. Br. prod. 538.). Ventenatia species, Cav. Styphelia, Spreng.
syst. 1. pp. 657, 658.
Lm. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx imbricated by 4
or more bracteas (f. 132. a.). Corolla with a ventricose tube
(f. 132. b.), which is doubly longer than the calyx, and furnished
with 5 fascicles of hairs near the base inside ; limb short, spread-
ing, bearded (f. 132. c.). Filaments linear, inclosed. Ovarium
5-celIed. Drupe nearly dry ; containing a solid bony putamen.
— Humble, usually diffuse shrubs. Leaves scattered, usually
ciliated. Flowers axillary, erect. Hypogynous disk cup-shaped,
almost entire.
1 A. HUMIFU'SUM (R. Br.
prod. p. 538.) shrub prostrate, FIG. 132.
much branched ; leaves lanceo-
late-linear, rather convex above,
with ciliated edges. fj . G.
Native of New South Wales,
Van Diemen's Land, and the
south coast of New Holland.
Sims, bot. mag. 1439. Ven-
tenatia humifusa, Cav. icon. 4.
p. 28. t. 348. Flowers scarlet.
Trailing Astroloma. Fl. May,
Oct. Clt. 1807. Shrub pros-
trate.
2 A. PROSTRA'TUM (R. Br.
prod. p. 538.) shrub prostrate,
much branched ; leaves lanceo-
late-linear, ciliated, flat above,
and rather convex beneath, fj . G.
on the south coast. Flowers red. ?
Prostrate Astroloma. Shrub prostrate.
3 A. DENTICULAVTUM (R. Br. prod. p. 538.) shrub usually
procumbent, but sometimes erectish ; leaves lanceolate, flat,
ciliated: the ciliae dilated at the base. Tj . G. Native of New
Holland, on the south coast. Flowers pale red.
Denliculated-\ea.ved Astroloma. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1824.
Shrub procumbent.
4 A. PA'LLIDUM (R. Br. 1. c.) shrub diffuse; branches as-
cending ; leaves lanceolate, sessile, ciliated, imbricated, rather
concave above. >j . G. Native of New Holland, on the south
coast. Flowers pale red. ?
Pale Astroloma. Shrub diffuse.
5 A. COMPA'CTUM (R. Br. 1. c.) shrub diffuse ; branchlets
ascending, very short; leaves obovate-lanceolate, ciliated, taper-
ing into the petioles, rather concave above, f? . G. Native of
New Holland, on the south coast.
Compact Astroloma. Shrub diffuse.
6 A. TE'CTUM (R. Br. 1. c.) erect, a little branched ; leaves
lanceolate-oblong, flat, imbricated, with scabrous edges : denti-
culations very short, obtuse. ^ . G. Native of New Holland,
on the south coast.
Covered Astroloma. Shrub erect.
Cult. This genus contains dwarf glaucous shrubs, bearing
large scarlet or red flowers. They are, therefore, desirable
plants for all collections. They thrive best in an equal mixture
of sand, loam, and peat ; and cuttings from young wood root
readily, if planted in a pot of sand under a bell-glass.
III. STENANTHE'RA (ort^oe, stenos, narrow ; and
dvOypd, anthera, an anther ; the filaments are broader than
the anthers, which makes them appear narrow). R. Br. prod.
p. 538.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria Monogy'nia. Calyx girded by many
bracteas. Corolla tubular ; tube twice longer than the calyx,
ventricose, without any fascicles of villi in the throat : limb
short, spreading, half bearded. Filaments inclosed, fleshy, broader
than the anthers. Ovarium 5-celled. Drupe nearly dry, con-
taining a solid bony putamen. — An erect shrub. Leaves much
crowded, acerose. Flowers axillary, erect, with a scarlet tube,
and a greenish-yellow limb. Hypogynous disk cup-shaped,
entire.
1 S. PINIFOLIA (R. Br. prod. p. 538). I? . G. Native of
New South Wales. Ker. bot. reg. 218. Styphelia pinifolia,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 659.
Pine-leaved Stenanthera. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1811. Shrub
4 to 6 feet.
Cult. This is a beautiful shrub when in blossom. A soil
composed of one-third very sandy loam, and two-thirds sandy
peat, suits it best. The pot in which it is grown should be weil
drained with sherds, or the mould is apt to get soddened from
too much wet. It should not be too much exposed to the sun
in summer. Cuttings from the young shoots root readily in
sand, under a bell-glass.
Native of New Holland,
IV. MELrCHRUS (from fiiKi-^pog, mellchros, honey-
coloured ; in reference to the colour of the glands of the
flowers). R. Br. prod. p. 539.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria Monogy'nia. Calyx with many
bracteas. Corolla rotate or urceolate, furnished near the base
with 5 fascicles or glands ; segments bearded. Ovarium 5-
celled. Drupe nearly dry, containing a solid bony putamen.
— Procumbent or erectish shrubs. Leaves lanceolate. Flowers
erect. Hypogynous disk cup-shaped, nearly entire.
1 M. ROTA'TUS (R. Br. prod. p. 539.) corollas rotate; calyx
villous ; leaves lanceolate-linear, pilose on both sides and on the
margins. Tj . G. Native of New South Wales, and of tro-
pical New Holland. Ventenatia procumbens. Cav. icon. 4.
p. 28. t. 349. f. 1. Flowers scarlet.
776
EPACRIDE&. V. CYATHODES. VI. LISSANTHE.
Rotate-Qowered Melichrus. Fl. April, August. Clt. 1824.
Shrub procumbent.
2 M. URCEOLA'TUS (R. Br. 1. c.) corollas urceolate : calyxes
glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, attenuated at the apex, with shortly
denticulated edges. T; . G. Native of New South Wales.
Flowers scarlet. ?
Urceolate-fio\\ered Melichrus. Shrub erect.
3 M. ME'DIUS (Cunningh. in Fields, New South Wales, p. 314.)
erect ; corolla urceolate ; calyxes pilose ; leaves lanceolate, at-
tenuated, very acute, mucronate, concave, many-nerved, with
membranous denticulated edges, fy . G. Native of New South
Wales, on the plains of Bathurst. Intermediate between the two
preceding species.
Intermediate Melichrus. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1824. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Astroloma, p. 77/5.
Fine shrubs, bearing elegant flowers.
V. CYATHO'DES (from KvaOos, kyathos, a cup ; and
oSovf, odous, a tooth ; in reference to the disk, which is cup-
shaped and 5-toothed). R. Br. prod. p. 539. — Cyathodes
species, Labill. — Styphelia species, Labill. Solander, and Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria Monogy'nia. Calyx with many
bracteas. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube hardly exceeding the
calyx, without any fascicles of villi or glands ; Jimb spreading,
with or without any beard. Filaments inclosed. Ovarium 5-10-
celled. Drupe baccate. — Erect branched shrubs, with the habit
of small trees. Leaves striated on the under sides. Flowers
axillary, erect, or drooping a little, small. Hypogynous disk
cup-shaped, 5-toothed.
§ 1. Segments of the corolla bearded; axis simple inside.
1 C. GLAU'CA (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 57. t. 81.) drupe 8-10-
celled ; leaves crowded at intervals, somewhat verticillate,
spreading or divaricate, linear-lanceolate. fj . G. Native of
Van Diemen's Land. R. Br. prod. p. 539. Trochocarpa glauca,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 660.
Glaucous Cyathodes. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1818. Tree
25 feet.
2 C. STRAM!NEA (R. Br. prod. p. 539.) drupe 5-celled ;
leaves crowded at intervals, somewhat verticillate, oval, obtuse,
awnless, spreading, many-nerved beneath ; stem erect. ^ . G.
Native of Van Diemen's Land.
Strawy Cyathodes. Shrub.
3 C. DEALBA'TA (R. Br. prod. p. 539.) drupe 2-5-celled ;
leaves linear, erectly spreading, margined with very short cilise,
5-nerved beneath : nerves all simple. ^ . G. Native of Van
Diemen's Land.
Whitened Cyathodes. Shrub procumbent.
4 C. TAMEIA'MI*: (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea, 1. p. 539.)
drupe 5-8-celled : leaves narrow, cuneate-obovate, petiolate,
mucronate, many- nerved beneath. fj . G. Native of the
Sandwich Islands. Habit of Leucopogon obovatus, Labill. Cy.
Banksii, Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. bot. p. 365. is perhaps the
same as this. Dr. R. Brown speaks of 2 other species from
the Sandwich Islands, having the segments of the corolla naked, „
while this is bearded.
Tameiamea's Cyathodes. Shrub or small tree.
§ 2 Segments nf corolla beardless ; axis usually elevated in-
side. Lissanthe, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 660.
5 C. PARVIFOLIA (R. Br. prod. 540.) leaves linear-lanceolate,
not half an inch long, spreading, margined with very short ciliae,
5-nerved beneath : nerves all simple. 17 . G. Native of Van
Diemen's land.
Small-leaved Cyathodes. Shrub or small tree.
6 C. OXYCE'DRUS (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves linear, more than half
an inch long, spreading, with naked margins, 3-5-nerved be-
neath : nerves all simple, fj . G. Native of Van Diemen's
land. Styphelia Oxycedrus, Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 49. t. 69.
Flowers white. ?
Red Cedar-like Cyathodes. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1822.
Shrub 6 feet.
7 C. ABIETINA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate, flat,
much crowded, imbricated. I? . G. Native of Van Diemen's
land. Styphelia abietina, Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 48. t. 68.
Fir-like Cyathodes. Shrub or small tree.
8 C. ACEROSA (R. Br. prod. p. 539. and 540.) leaves linear-
spreading, with naked margins, 3-5-nerved beneath : outer
nerves pectinately branched. Tj . G. Native of Van Diemen's
Land. ? Styphelia acerosa, Banks and Soland. mss. Ardisia
acer6sa, Gaertn.
Chaffy Cyathodes. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. Shrub.
Cult. See Styphelia, p. 775. for culture and propagation.
VI. LISSA'NTHE (from Xi<r<ree, lissos, smooth, and
anthos, a flower). R. Br. prod. p. 540.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx bibracteate or
bractless. Corolla funnel-shaped ; limb beardless. Ovarium
5-celled. Drupe baccate, containing a solid bony putamen. —
Small erect shrubs. Leaves scattered, lined beneath. Flower
small, white. Hypogynous disk cup-shaped, 5-lobed.
§ 1. Calyx bractless. Racemes axillary, few-flowered ; pedi-
cels bibracteate at the base. Tube of corolla villous inside.
1 L. SA'PIDA (R. Br. prod. p. 540.) racemes 2-3-flowered,
recurved; leaves oblong-linear, mucronate, with revolute mar-
gins, whitened and striated beneath. I? . G. Native of New
South Wales. Lindl. bot. reg. 1275. Hook. bot. mag. t.
3147. Flowers white, tipped with green. The berries are
red and acid, and are made into tarts in New South Wales,
under the name of cranberries.
Sapid Lissanthe. Fl. May. Clt. 1823. Shrub.
2 L. SUBULA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) racemes 4-5-flowered, erect ;
leaves linear-subulate, half an inch long ; branchlets glabrous ;
drupe 10-striped. T; . G. Native of New South Wales.
Subulate-leaved Lissanthe. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1823.
Shrub.
3 L. STRIGOSA (R. Br. 1. c.) racemes subspicate, erect, few-
flowered ; leaves linear-subulate ; branches downy, drupes
hardly furrowed. fj . G. Native of New South Wales and
Van Diemen's Land. Styphelia strig6sa. Smith, new holl.
p. 48.
Strigose Lissanthe. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub.
§ 2. Calyx bibracteate. Corolla urceolate, having the tube
and throat naked. Spikes axillary, few-flowered.
4 L. MONTA'NA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves oblong-linear, obtuse,
mutic, glaucous beneath, fj . G. Native of Van Diemen's
Land.
Mountain Lissanthe. Shrub.
§ 3. Calyx bibracteate. Corolla funnel-shaped, having the
throat closed by defiexed villi. Flowers axillary, solitary.
5 L. DAPHNOIDES (R. Br. prod, p. 541.) leaves elliptic-lanceo-
late, rather concave, ending each in a very short callous mucrone,
with roughish naked margins ; segments of corolla quite gla-
brous. I? . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land and tropical
New Holland. Lodd. bot. cab. 466. Styphelia daphnoides,
Smith, new holl. 48.
EPACRIDE^E. VII. LEUCOPOOON.
777
Daphne-like Lissanthe. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub.
6 L. CILIA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-lanceolate, flat,
with serrulately ciliated margins, ending each in a pellucid
mucrone ; limb of corolla roughish. ^ . G. Native of Van
Diemen's Land.
Ciliated-leaved Lissanthe. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1825.
Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Styphelia, p. 775.
VII. LEUCOPO'GON (from \CVKOS, leucos, white ; and
iruywv, pogon, a beard; the limb of the corolla is bearded with
white hairs). R. Br. prod. p. 541. Styphelia, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 656, 657, 658, and 659.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria Monogynia. Calyx bibracteate. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped ; limb spreading, bearded lengthwise. Fila-
ments inclosed. Ovarium 2-5-celled. Drupe baccate or dry,
sometimes crustaceous. — Usually dwarf Shrubs. Leaves scat-
tered and sometimes crowded at intervals. Flowers spicate,
axillary or terminal. Hypogynous disk cup-shaped, lobed a
little, rarely wanting.
§ 1 . Spikes axillary, many-Jlonered. Drupe baccate.
1 L. LANCEOLA'TUS (R. Br. prod. p. 541.) spikes nodding,
aggregate ; ovaries 2-celled ; drupes oval : leaves lanceolate,
flat, 3-nerved; branchlets glabrous, fj . G. Native of New
South Wales, on mountains. Sweet, fl. austr. t. 47. Sty-
phelia lanceolata, Smith, new holl. p. 49. exclusive of the syno-
nymes. Styphelia parviflora, Andr. bot. rep. 287. Flowers
white.
Lanceolate-leaved Leucopogon. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1790.
Shrub 6 to 12 feet.
2 L. MALAY A'NUS (Jack, mal. misc. vol. 1. Wall, in
Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 301.) spikes axillary, many-flowered, erect,
short; drupes globular, 5-celled; leaves lanceolate, mucronate,
nearly veinless, glaucous beneath. Ij . S. Native of the plains
of Singapore, abundant ; where it is called by the Malays Men-
tada. A small, branching, dry shrub, exhibiting the peculiar
habit of the family. Corollas funnel-shaped, downy, having the
segments bearded above beyond the base. The discovery of
this species is remarkable as forming an exception to the gene-
ral geographical distribution of the order Epacridece, a family
almost exclusively confined to Australia, or at least to the
southern hemisphere. Singapore, situated at the extremity of
the Malay peninsula, and forming as it were the connecting link
between continental or Western India and the plains of the great
Eastern Archipelago, partakes of this character in its Flora,
which exhibits many remarkable points of coincidence with the
Flora of both regions. A resemblance has been observed be-
tween its productions and those of the northern frontier of Ben-
gal, on the one hand, and of the Moluccas on the other, while
the present plant connects it with the still more distant range of
New Holland.
Malay Leucopogon. Shrub 3 feet.
3 L. AUSIRAVLIS (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes erect ; drupes depressed,
globose, 5-celled ; leaves linear-lanceolate, more than an inch
long, 3-5' nerved, with recurved smooth margins. I? . G. Na-
tive of the south coast of New Holland and Van Diemen's Land.
Flowers white.
Southern Leucopogon. Shrub.
4 L. RicnEi (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes erect, many-flowered, a
little shorter than the leaves ; drupes ovate, 5-celled ; leaves
glabrous, oblong-lanceolate, hardly an inch long, broadest be-
yond the middle, 3-5-nerved, convex above, with subrecurved
margins. Pj . G. Native of New South Wales, the south
coast of New Holland, and Van Diemen's Land, L. polysta-
VOL. HI.
chyus, Lodd. fl. cab. t. 1436. L. apiculatus, Smith in Rees,
cycl. L. parviflorus, Lindl. bot. reg. 1560. Styphelia Richei,
Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 44. t. 60. Styphelia parviflora, Andr.
bot. rep. 287. Styphelia Gnidium Vent. malm. t. 23. Flowers
white.
Riche's Leucopogon. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub 4
to 5 feet.
5 L. AFFINIS (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes erect; drupes oval, 2-3-
celled ; leaves long-lanceolate, more than an inch long, flat. ^ .
G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Flowers white.
Allied Leucopogon. Shrub.
6 L. INTERRU'PTUS (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes nearly terminal;
leaves elliptic, spreading, many-nerved, 1| inch long, crowded
in whorles. fj . G. Native of the south coast of New Hol-
land. Lodd. bot. cab. 1451. Flowers white.
Interrupted-leaved Leucopogon. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1826.
Shrub.
7 L. CYMBU'LX (Labill. sert. caled. p. 36. t. 39.) spikes axil-
lary, erect ; segments of the corolla bearded with rufous hairs ;
leaves an inch long, oblong-lanceolate, rufous, concave. Jj . G.
Native of New Caledonia. Flowers furnished each with an
orbicular, lacerately ciliated scale, besides 2 opposite boat- shaped
ones above it.
Boat-leaved Leucopogon. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
8 L. VERTICILLA'TUS (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes nearly terminal,
aggregate, nodding while bearing the fruit ; drupes 5-celled ;
putamen pentagonal ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at
the apex, disposed in interrupted whorles, 2 to 4 inches long.
Pj . G. Native of the south coast of New Holland. Flowers
white.
Whorled-leaved Leucopogon. Shrub.
§ 2. Spikes axillary, but sometimes terminal. Flowers three
or more together. Calyx and bracteas coloured. Drupe nearly
dry. Leaves never cordate.
9 L. APICULA'TUS (R. Br. prod. p. 542.) spikes terminal,
rather aggregate, 5-7-flowered ; bracteas lanceolate ; leaves
lanceolate-oblong, erect, rather concave, with smooth margins,
ending each in a callous point ; drupe crustaceous, depressedly
turbinate, shorter than the calyx. Ij . G. Native of the
south coast of New Holland. Flowers white.
Var. a, branchlets and leaves glabrous.
Var. ft, branchlets and leaves pubescent. Perhaps a distinct
species.
^p/cw/afc-leaved Leucopogon. Shrub.
10 L. POLYSTA'CHYUS (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes axillary or termi-
nal, aggregate, 7-10-flowered ; leaves linear-lanceolate, mutic,
convexly concave ; branchlets glabrous, twiggy ; drupes dry,
oval, depressed at the apex. 1?. G. Native of the south coast
of New Holland. Flowers white.
Many-spiked Leucopogon. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1826.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
1 1 L. MULTIFLORUS (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes axillary, shorter
than the leaves ; leaves lanceolate, a little acuminated, mucro-
nate, imbricated, rather convex beneath, with smooth edges ;
calyx and bracteas with woolly margins, fj . G. Native of
the south coast of New Holland. Flowers white.
Many-flowered Leucopogon. Shrub.
12 L. RUBRICAU'LIS (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes nearly terminal,
aggregate, 4-5-flowered ; calyxes and bracteas smoothish ;
leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, mutic, smooth, rather convex
above, with somewhat recurved denticulated edges ; branchlets
glabrous ; drupes oblong. T? . G. Native of the south coast
of New Holland. Flowers white.
Red-stemmed Leucopogon. Shrub.
5G
778
EPACRIDE^. VII. LEUCOPOGON.
13 L. VILLOSUS (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes nearly terminal, aggre-
gate ; leaves linear-oblong, bluntish, mutic, erectly spreading,
villous on both surfaces as well as on the branches, with denti-
culated subrecurved margins, fy . G. Native of the south
coast of New Holland. Flowers white. Very nearly allied to
L. rubricaulis.
Villous Leucopogon. Shrub.
14 L. OBOVA'TUS (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes terminal, nearly sim-
ple ; leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, mucronulate, with sub-
recurved margins; drupes nearly globose, 5-celled. I?. G.
Native of New Holland, on the south coast. Styphelia obo-
vata, Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 48. t. 67. Flowers white.
Obovate-lea\ed Leucopogon. Fl.May.Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub
1 foot.
15 L. REVOLI/TUS (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes nearly terminal, aggre-
gate, 4-5-flowered ; calyxes and bracteas clothed with fine down ;
leaves moderately spreading, linear-oblong, obtuse, mutic, tipped
by a callous obtuse point, convex and scabrous above, lined and
glabrous beneath, with recurved naked margins ; branchlets
clothed with minute down ; drupes dry, 5-celled, obovate. tj .
G. Native of the south coast of New Holland. Flowers
white.
Revolute-\ea\ed Leucopogon. Shrub.
16 L. MARGARODES (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes axillary, usually 3-
flowered ; leaves moderately spreading, linear-oblong, obtuse,
mutic, with recurved smooth margins ; drupes 2-celled, dry and
compressed above. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, within the
tropic. Flowers white.
Pearl-toothed Leucopogon. Shrub.
17 L. MU'TICUS (R. Br. prod. p. 543.) spikes axillary, erect,
3-6-flowered ; leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, rather mutic, erectly
spreading, with smooth rather recurved margins ; drupes 5-
celled, angular, glabrous. ^ . G. Native of New South Wales,
in rocky situations. Flowers white. Very nearly allied to the
following.
Arvnless-lenved Leucopogon. Shrub.
18 L. IRICHOCA'RPUS (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes axillary, nodding a
little, 3-flowered ; leaves linear -oblong, obtuse, mucronulate;
drupes 5-celled, angular, pilose. Tj . G. Native of Van Die-
men's Land. Styphelia triehocarpa, Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 47.
t. 66. Flowers white.
Hair-fruited Leucopogon. Shrub 3 feet.
19 L. ERICOIDES (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes axillary, approximate,
3-4-flowered ; leaves oblong-linear, moderately spreading, mu-
cronate, with recurved margins, rather scabrous above ; bracteas
mutic ; calyxes membranous ; drupes dry, angular. fy . G. Na-
tive of New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land. Styphelia
ericoides, Smith, nov. holl. p. 48. E'pacris spuria, Cav. icon. 4.
p. 27. t. 347. f. 1. Flowers reddish.
Heath-like Leucopogon. Fl. ? Clt. 1815. Shrub 4 to 6
feet.
20 L. PROPI'NQUUS (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes axillary, usually 3-
flowered, pedunculate ; leaves lanceolate-linear, setaceously mu-
cronate, smooth above, with revolute margins, which are denti-
culated from without ; bracteas cuspidate. ^ . G. Native of
the south coast of New Holland
Allied Leucopogon. Shrub.
21 L. ATTENUA'TUS (Cunningh. in Field's New South Wales,
p. 341.) peduncles very short, erect, usually 1-flowered ; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, moderately spreading, rather convex, striated,
setaceously mucronate, when young imbricated and ciliately
denticulated. ^ . G. Native of New South Wales, on hills at
Cox's River.
Attenuated-\eave& Leucopogon. Shrub.
22 L. VIRGA'TUS (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes terminal and axillary,
almost aggregate, few-flowered; calyxes and bracteas rather
membranous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuated at the apex,
very acute, convexly concave, imbricated and spreading, with
ciliated margins ; branchlets glabrous. Jj . G. Native of New
South Wales, south coast of New Holland, and Van Diemen's
Land. Styphelia virgata, Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 46. t. 64. Flowers
white.
Twiggy Leucopogon. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub 2
feet.
23 L. COLLINUS (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes terminating the short
lateral branches ; lower bracteas sheathed a little, foliaceous,
equalling the calyx in length ; leaves oblong-linear, acutish,
mutic, erect, smooth and rather convex above, with recurved
denticulated edges. I? . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land.
Styphelia colllna, Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 47. t. 65. Flowers
white.
Hill Leucopogon. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1
foot.
24 L. FASCICULA'TUM ; arboreous ; leaves crowded, linear,
acuminated ; racemes spicate, lateral, drooping. Jj . G. Native
of New Zealand. E'pacris fasciculata, Forst. ins. austr. p. 13.
Fascicled-Qowered Leucopogon. Shrub.
§ 3. Spikes axillary and terminal. Leaves cordate. Calyxes
and bracteas membranous and foliaceous.
25 L. AMPLEXICAU'LIS (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes axillary and ter-
minal, spreading, peduncvilate, exceeding the leaves ; leaves cor-
date, stem-clasping, mutic, clothed with minute down beneath :
with recurved margins, which are as well as the branches vil-
lous ; drupes lenticular, 2-celled. Jj . G. Native of New South
Wales. Styphelia amplexicaulis, Rudge, in Lin. trans. 8. p.
292. t. 8. good. Flowers white.
Stem-clasping-leaved Leucopogon. Clt. 1815. Shrub.
26 L. ALTERNIFOLIUS (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes axillary and ter-
minal, few-flowered ; leaves alternate, reniform, stem-clasping,
acute, mutic, a line and a half long, and are as well as the branch-
lets glabrous ; drupes crustaceous, lenticular, 2-celled. fj . G.
Native of the south coast of New Holland. Flowers white.
Alternate-leaved Leucopogon. Shrub.
27 L. DISTANS (R. Br. prod. p. 544.) spikes terminal, aggre-
gate, flexuous ; flowers distant ; leaves ovate, subcordate, divari-
cate, mutic, one line long, convex above and downy beneath ;
drupes crustaceous, 5-celled, obovate, depressed. fj . G. Na-
tive of the south coast of New Holland. Flowers white.
Distant-fiowered Leucopogon. Shrub.
28 L. REFLE'XUS (R. Br. prod. p. 544.) spikes terminal,
crowded, few-flowered ; flowers imbricated ; leaves ovate, al-
most cordate, divaricate, mutic, a line long, convex above, and
concave beneath, pilose, lined ; drupes crustaceous, 5-celled.
Tj . G. Native of the south coast of New Holland. Flowers
white.
Rejlexed-leaved Leucopogon. Shrub.
29 L. GLABE'LLUS (R. Br. prod. p. 544.) spikes terminal,
almost solitary ; bracteas foliaceous, and are as well as the calyxes
glabrous ; leaves alternate, broadly cordate, acute, mutic, diva-
ricate, flattish, and are, as well as the branchlets, glabrous. J? .
G. Native of the south coast of New Holland. Flowers white.
Smooth Leucopogon. Shrub.
§ 4. Spikes terminal. Calyx and bracteas somewhat foli-
aceous. Drupe dry. Leaves not cordate. — Perojoa, Cav.
30 L. MICROPHY'LLUS (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes crowded, few-
flowered ; leaflets of calyx acuminated, semi-foliaceous ; brac-
teas foliaceous, nerved ; leaves oval, obtuse, mutic, flat, of the
same colour on both surfaces ; drupes crustaceous, 1 -2-celled.
EPACRIDE^;. VII. LEUCOPOGON.
779
Tj . G. Native of New South Wales. Perojoa microphylla,
Cav. icon. 4. p. 29. t. 349. f. 2. Flowers white.
Small-leaved Leucopogon. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub
2 feet.
31 L. TAMARISCINUS (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes aggregate or solitary,
many-flowered ; calyxes and bracteas foliaceous, glabrous ;
leaves imbricated, adpressed, ovate, mutic, concave-convex,
lined beneath, and are as well as the branchlets glabrous. Fj .
G. Native of the south coast of New Holland. Flowers
white.
Tamarisk-like Leucopogon. Shrub.
32 L. GRA'CILIS (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes crowded, 4-6-flowered ;
calyxes and bracteas subfoliaceous, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate-
linear, erect, concave-convex, mutic, nerved and 3-lined be-
neath ; branchlets glabrous, filiform. (7 . G. Native of the south
coast of New Holland. Flowers white.
Slender Leucopogon. Shrub.
33 L. DENUDA'TUS (Sieb. pi. nov. holl. ex Spreng. syst. add.
p. 67.) leaves linear acute, erect, glabrous, quite entire; flowers
terminal, aggregate. Jj . G. Native of New Holland. Sty-
phelia denudata, Spreng. 1. c.
Naked Leucopogon. Shrub.
34 L. STRIA'TUS (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes aggregate ; bracteas and
calyxes subfoliaceous, with naked margins; leaves elliptic, mutic,
erect, rather convex beneath and nerved, and somewhat con-
cave above ; branchlets glabrous ; drupes crustaceous, 2-celled.
J; . G. Native of the south coast -of New Holland. Flowers
white.
Striated-leaved Leucopogon. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
35 L. NERVOSUS (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes crowded, few-flowered ;
bracteas and calyxes foliaceous and quite glabrous ; leaves ellip-
tic, imbricated, on short petioles, mutic, flat above, and rather
convex beneath, with elevated nerves ; branchlets downy. Fj .
G. Native of the south coast of New Holland. Flowers white.
Nearly allied to the preceding.
Nerved-leaved Leucoposjon. Shrub.
36 L. CARINA'TUS (R. Br. prod. p. 545.) spikes solitary or
aggregate ; bracteas and calyxes foliaceous, quite glabrous ;
leaves lanceolate, mutic, imbricated, flat above, and keeled be-
neath, with the lateral nerves obsolete, and the margins denticu-
lated : branchlets downy. V} . G. Native of the south coast of
New Holland. Flowers white.
Keeled-leaved Leucopogon. Shrub.
37 L. ASSI'MILIS (R. Br. prod. p. 545.) spikes aggregate ;
leaves lanceolate-linear, imbricated, adpressed, mutic, convex
and striated beneath, of the same colour on both surfaces, with
denticulated margins ; ovarium 5-celled. Tj . G. Native of
New Holland, on the south coast. Flowers white.
Similar Leucopogon. Shrub.
38 L. CUCULLA'TUS (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes aggregate, 4-6-
flowered ; bracteas foliaceous ; leaves ovate, obtuse, mutic,
cucullate, imbricated, sessile, lined, with naked margins ; drupes
5-celled. Tj . G. Native of the south coast of New Holland.
Flowers white.
Cucullate-\eaved Leucopogon. Shrub.
§ 5. Peduncles axillary, 2-flowered, or \-Jlonered every where
from abortion : when this is the case, the calyx is many-bracteate.
Drupe dry.
39 L. PE'NDULVJS (R. Br. prod. p. 545.) peduncles usually
2-flowered, recurved ; tube of corolla exceeding the calyx ;
leaves oblong-linear, erectly spreading, ending in an innocuous
point, with recurved smooth margins ; drupes clavate, ventricose,
smooth, glabrous, fj . G. Native of the south coast of New
Holland. Flowers white.
Pendulous-fiowered Leucopogon. Shrub.
40 L. BIFLORUS (R. Br. 1. c.) peduncles 2-flowered, recurved ;
tube of corolla equal in length to the calyx ; leaves spreading,
linear-lanceolate, flat, 3 lines long, each ending in a pungent
point, with smooth margins. ^ . G. Native of New South
Wales. Flowers white.
Two-flowered Leucopogon. Shrub.
41 L. SETIGER (R. Br. 1. c.) peduncles 2-flowered, recurved,
longer than the calyx ; leaves spreading, lanceolate-linear,
acuminated, half an inch long, ending in a setaceous pungent
mucrone, with recurved obsoletely denticulated margins. Fj . G.
Native of New South Wales. Flowers white.
Bristle-bearing Leucopogon. Fl. ? Clt. 1 824. Shrub 2 to
3 feet. ?
42 L. ACUMINA'TUS (R. Br. 1. c.) peduncles very short, erect,
usually 2-flowered ; leaves erectish, linear-lanceolate, very acute,
flat, ending in a setaceous mucrone, with scabrous denticulated
margins. (7 . G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Flowers white.
Acuminated-]ea\ed Leucopogon. Shrub.
43 L. CUSPIDA'TUS (R. Br. 1. c.) peduncles very short, erect,
1 -2-flowered ; leaves moderately spreading, obovate-oblong,
acutish, cuspidate, flat, with scabrous denticulated edges. ^ • «•
Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Cuspidate-leaved Leucopogon. Shrub.
44 L. IMBRICA'TUS (R. Br. 1. c.) peduncles very short, erect,
1 -2-flowered ; leaves imbricate, oval, obtuse, cuspidate, rather
concave, with smooth toothless edges. Pj . G. Native of New
Holland, within the tropic. Flowers white.
Imbricated-leaved Leucopogon. Shrub.
45 L. RUSCIFOLIUS (R. Br. 1. c.) peduncles very short, erect,
usually 2-flowered ; leaves erectly spreading, obovate-elliptic,
acutish, rather concave, mucronate, with smooth obsoletely den-
ticulated edges. Jj . G. Native of New Holland, within the
tropic. Flowers white.
Ruscus-leaved Leucopogon. Shrub.
46 L. PAUCIFLORUS (R. Br. prod. p. 54-6.) peduncles very
short, erect, usually 2-flowered ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, mode-
rately spreading, flat, ending each in a very short callous mu-
crone, with smooth margins ; stem arborescent. Fj . G. Na-
tive of New Holland, within the tropic. Flowers white.
Few-flowered Leucopogon. Shrub.
47 L. LEPTOSPERMOIDES (R. Br. prod. p. 546.) peduncles
very short, erect, usually 2-flowered ; leaves linear-lanceolate,
moderately spreading, flattish, very acute, with minutely denti-
culated scabrous edges, ending each in a stiff mucrone. Fj .
G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Flowers
white.
Leptospermum-like Leucopogon. Shrub.
48 L. ROTUNDirbnus (R. Br. 1. c.) peduncles very short,
erect, 1 -2-flowered ; leaves roundish or obovate. petiolate,
spreading moderately, flat, mucronulate, with pellucid finely
ciliated edges. Fj . G. Native of the south coast of New Hol-
land. Flowers white.
Round-leaved Leucopogon. Shrub.
49 L. ADPRE'SSUS (R. Br. 1. c.) peduncles very short, erect,
1-3-flowered; leaves imbricated, adpressed, lanceolate, sub-
acuminated, mucronate, concave, with denticulated margins, F; .
G. Native of New South Wales. Flowers white.
Adpressed-leaved Leucopogon. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
50 L. FASTIGIA'TUS (Sieb. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, cuspidate,
serrulated at the apex, striated ; calyx glabrous ; flowers axil-
lary, almost solitary. F? . G. Native of New Holland. Sty-
phelia fastigiata, Spreng. 1. c.
Fastigiate Leucopogon. Shrub.
5 o2
780
EPACRIDE^E. VII. LEUCOPOGON. VIII. MONOTOCA. IX. ACROTRICHE.
51 L. JUNIPE'RINUS (R. Br. 1. c.) flowers almost sessile, soli-
tary or twin; leaves divaricate, lanceolate-linear, ending in a
setaceous mucrone, with recurved slightly denticulated margins ;
bracteas 3-5, and are as well as the calyxes mucronate. t? . G.
Native of New South Wales. Lodd. bot. cab. 447. Flowers
white.
Juniper-like Leucopogon. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1804. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
52 L. DEFORMIS (R. Br. 1. c.) flowers almost sessile, solitary,
many-bracteate ; leaves erectly spreading, lanceolate-linear, ra-
ther concave, mucronate, with obsoletely denticulated edges ;
ovarium 3-celled. I? . G. Native of New South Wales. Flowers
white.
Deformed Leucopogon. Shrub.
53 L. EsauAMAius (R. Br. 1. c.) peduncles very short, erect,
1-2-flowered; leaves scattered, erectly spreading, lanceolate,
subacuminated, mucronate, flat, turned, with scabrous margins ;
ovarium 2-celled; hypogynous disk wanting. ^ . G. Native of
New South Wales. Flowers white.
Scaleless-fiovtered Leucopogon. Shrub.
54 L. FLEXIFOLIUS (R. Br. 1. c.) flowers almost sessile, soli-
tary ; leaves much crowded, imbricated, linear, mucronate,
twisted, with scabrous denticulated edges ; ovarium 5-celled.
fy . G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Bent-leaved Leucopogon. Shrub.
55 L. FORSTE'RI ; arboreous ; leaves scattered, linear, cus-
pidate, serrulated ; flowers sessile, solitary, terminal. ^ . G.
Native of New Zealand. E'pacris juniperina, Forst. char. gen.
10. no. 2. ins. austr. p. 13.
Forster's Leucopogon.
Cult. The species of this genus are very pretty when in blos-
som ; they grow best in an equal mixture of sandy loam and
peat ; and the tops of the very young shoots taken off and
planted in sand, with a bell-glass over them, strike root
readily.
VIII. MONO'TOCA (from p.6vog, monos, alone, and rd/a>c,
tokos, a birth ; in reference to the fruit being one-seeded). R.
Br. prod. p. 546.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogyma. Calyx bibracteate. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped; limb and throat beardless. Ovarium 1-
seeded. Drupe baccate. — Shrubs or small trees. Leaves scat-
tered. Spikes axillary, rarely terminal, few-flowered. Flowers
small, white, usually dioecious from the defect of the organs.
Hypogynous disk cup-shaped, lobed.
§ 1 . Bracteas extending, caducous. Small dioecious trees.
\ M. ELLIPTICA (R. Br. prod. p. 546.) spikes erect, nearly
terminal and aggregate, or axillary and solitary ; leaves elliptic,
oblong, 4 times longer than broad, fj . G. Native of New
South Wales. Styphelia elliptica, Smith, new holl. 49.
Elliptic-]eaved Monotoca. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1802. Tree
small.
2 M. A'LBENS (R. Br. prod. p. 547.) spikes erect, solitary,
terminal and axillary ; leaves oblong-linear, acute, mucronate,
white beneath, 5 times longer than broad. ^ . G. Native of
New South Wales.
White-leaved Monotoca. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1 824. Shrub
6 feet.
3 M. LINEA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes axillary, few-flowered,
nodding, pedunculate ; leaves oblong, and often obovate, acute,
flattish, mucronate. 1? . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land.
Styphelia glauca, Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 45. t. 61. where the
plant is represented as having erect spikes, and a 5-celled
ovarium.
Lined-leaved Monotoca. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1804. Shrub.
§ 2. Bracteas extending, permanent. Shrubs with herma-
ph rodi te flowers .
4 M. SCOPA'RIA (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes axillary, few-flowered,
nearly sessile, nodding ; leaves oblong-linear, with revolute
edges; stem erect. lj . G. Native of New South Wales.
Styphelia scoparia, Smith, new holl. p. 48.
Broom Monotoca. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1825. Shrub.
5 M. EMPETKIFOLIA (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes axillary, nodding, 2-
3-flowered ; leaves oblong-oval, mucronate, divaricate, convex
above, white and striated beneath ; stem prostrate. Tj . G.
Native of Van Diemen's Land.
Empetrum-leaved Monotoca. Shrub.
Cull. For culture and propagation see Leucopogon, above.
The pots in which the species are grown require to be well
drained with sherds.
IX. ACRO'TRICHE (from aicpoc, akros, the uttermost, and
Spu; rptx«e, thrix trichos, a hair ; the tips of the corolline seg-
ments are bearded). R. Br. prod. p. 547. Styphelia species,
Spreng.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogyma. Calyx bibracteate. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped ; segments of the limb furnished with a de-
flexed beard at the apex. Drupe nearly baccate, containing a
5-celled cellular putamen. — Humble much branched shrubs ;
branches usually divaricate. Leaves scattered. Spikes lateral
or axillary, short. Flowers small, white. Hypogynous disk
cup-shaped, a little lobed. Drupe small, depressedly globose, of
a dry substance.
1 A. DIVARICA'TA (R. Br. prod. p. 547.) leaves lanceolate, mu-
cronate, divaricate, flat, green on both surfaces ; spikes axillary.
Tj . G. Native of New South Wales.
Divaricale-lea\ed Acrotriche. Fl. May. Clt. 1824°. Shrub
^ to 1 foot.
2 A. AGGREGA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, ra-
ther concave, glaucous beneath, with smooth margins. J? . G.
Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Aggregate Acrotriche. Shrub 1 foot.
3 A. RAMIFLORA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate, mu-
cronate, divaricate, of a different colour beneath, nerved, with
recurved margins ; spikes on the branches. T? . G. Native of
New Holland, on the south coast.
Branch-flowered Acrotriche. Shrub 1 foot.
4 A. SERRULA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate, cuspi-
date, spreading, pilose or smoothish, with serrulately ciliated
edges ; spikes axillary. Jj . G. Native of the south coast of
New Holland, and Van Diemen's Land.
Serrulated-\ea\ed Acrotriche. Shrub 1 foot.
5 A. PA'TULA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves ovate lanceolate, acumi-
nated, mucronate, flattish, and are as well as the branches divari-
cate : spikes axillary. Ij . G. Native of New Holland, on the
south coast.
Spreading Acrotriche. Shrub.
6 A. OVAUFOMA (R. Br. prod. p. 548.) leaves ovate and
oval, obtuse, awnless, flat, with smooth margins ; spikes axillary ;
drupes somewhat cellular. fj • G. Native of New Holland,
on the south coast. Hook. bot. mag. t. 3171. Lodd. bot. cab.
1930. Corolla greenish-yellow. Drupes white.
Oval-leaved Acrotriche. Fl. March. Clt. 1824. Shrub \
to 1 foot.
7 A. CORDA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves cordate, flat, striated
below ; flowers axillary, twin or solitary, fj . G. Native of
New Holland, on the south coast. Styphelia cordata, Labill.
nov. holl. 1. p. 46. t. 63. Perhaps belonging to a different
genus.
EPACRIDEjE. X. TROCHOCARPA. XI. DECASPORA. XII. PENTACHONDRA. XIII. NEEDHAMIA. XIV. OLIGARRHENA, &c. 781
Cordate-leave A Acrotriche. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub
1 foot. ?
8 A. DEPRE'SSA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves ovate, rather cordate, mu-
cronate, divaricate, convex above, and veiny beneath ; stem de-
pressed ; spikes on the branches. Jj . G. Native of New
Holland, on the south coast.
Depressed Acrotriche. Shrub depressed.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Leucopogon, p. 780.
X. TROCHOCA'RPA (from rpoXoc, trochos, a wheel, and
k-apTToe, karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the putamen of the fruit,
which is wheel-shaped and 10-lobed). R. Br. prod. p. 548.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx bibracteate.
Corolla funnel-shaped: limb spreading, bearded. Ovarium 10-
celled. Drupe baccate, containing a wheel-shaped, 10-lobed
putamen, which is at length divisible into as many parts. — A
small glabrous tree, with very hard wood. Leaves scattered,
petiolate, nerved, very like those of a species of Lauras.
Spikes slender, terminal and axillary, solitary or aggregate.
Flowers small, white. Hypogynous disk cup-shaped, 5-lobed.
Drupe depressedly globose, smaller than a pea. The genus
approaches Decdspora in character and habit.
1 T. LAU'RINA (R. Br. prod. p. 548.). Jj . G. Native of
New South Wales. Hook. bot. mag. t. 3324. Styphelia corni-
fdlia, Rudge, in Lin. trans. 8. t. 9. good. Cyathodes laurina,
herb. Banks. Flowers small, white.
Laurel-like Trochocarpa. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. Tree
10 to 2.5 feet.
Cult. See Leucopogon, p. 780. for culture and propagation.
XI. DECA'SPORA (from StKa, deca, ten, and (nropd, spora,
a seed; the fruit contains 10 pyrenae or seeds). R. Br. prod.
p. 548.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx bibracteate. Co-
rolla campanulate ; limb loosely bearded. Stamens exserted.
Ovarium I0-celled. Berry containing 10 pyrenae. — Beautiful
shrubs. Leaves scattered, petiolate. Spikes terminal, nodding.
Flowers red. Hypogynous scales 5, connate at the base. Berries
violaceous.
1 D. DISTICHA (R. Br. prod. p. 548.) leaves lanceolate, very
acute, flat, nerved beneath, 8 times longer than the petioles ;
branchlets glabrous. Ij . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land.
Cyathodes disticha, Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 58. t. 82.
Distich-]ea.ve& Decaspora. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
2 D. THYMIFOLIA (R. Br. prod. p. 548.) leaves ovate, acutish,
mutic, hardly 4 times longer than the petioles, obsoletely 3-
nerved beneath ; branchlets downy. Jj . G. Native of Van
Diemen's Land.
Thyme-leaved Decaspora. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Leucopogon, p. 780.
XII. PENTACHO'NDRA (from vivrt, pente, five, and xo"-
oc, chondros, a grain ; in reference to the berry containing 5
pyrenae or seeds). R. Br. prod. p. 549.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx* with 4 or more
bracteas. Corolla funnel-shaped; limb spreading, longitudi-
nally and densely bearded. Ovarium 5 -celled. Berry contain-
ing 5 pyrenae. — Small mountain shrubs. Leaves scattered, petio-
late. Flowers solitary, terminal, erect, white. Hypogynous
scales 5.
1 P. INVOLUCUA'TA (R. Br. prod. p. 549.) filaments exserted ;
calyxes ciliated, furnished with 8 bracteas ; leaves elliptic-lan-
ceolate, ilattish, many-nerved ; branchlets downy ; stem erect.
Ij.G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Styphelia involucrata,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 655.
Involucrated-fiowercd Pentachondra. Shrub.
2 P. PU'MILA (R. Br. 1. c.) stamens inclosed ; calyx furnished
with 4 bracteas ; leaves nearly elliptic, 3-nerved, with naked
margins ; branchlets glabrous ; stem prostrate, much branched.
(j . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. E'pacris pumila, Forst.
prod. no. 70. Styphelia pumila, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 656.
Dwarf Pentachondra. Shrub prostrate.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Leucopogon, p. 780.
XIII. NEEDHA'MIA (in honour of the celebrated micro-
graphist, Turberville Needham, author of Observations on the
Shape and (Economy of the Pollen of Anthers). R. Br. prod.
p. 54-9.
LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Monogynia. Calyx bibracteate. Co-
rolla salver-shaped : limb 5-cleft, beardless, having the sinuses
elevated, plicate in aestivation. Stamens 5, inclosed. Ovarium
2-celled. Drupe dry. Leaves opposite. — A small erect shrub.
Leaves minute, adpressed. Spikes terminal, erect, solitary ;
bracteas extending, foliaceous. Flowers white. Hypogynous
disk saucer-shaped.
1 N. PUMILIO (R. Br. 1. c.). ^ . G. Native of New Hol-
land, on the south coast. Monotoca pumilio, Spreng. syst. 1 .
p. 654.
Z)n>nr/'Needhamia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Astroloma, p. 775.
XIV. OLIGARRHENA (from dXiyos, oligos, few,
arrhen, a male ; in reference to the few stamens). R. Br. prod.
p. 549.
LIN. SYST. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, bibrac-
teate. Corolla 4-cleft, permanent, valvate in aestivation. Sta-
mens 2, inclosed. Ovarium 2-celled. Capsule 2-celled. — An
erect much-branched shrub. Leaves scattered, imbricate, small.
Spikes terminal, erect. Flowers small, white. Hypogynous
scales 4. This is a very paradoxical genus ; it agrees in the
artificial character with the order Oleince, but the habit is
wholly distinct.
1 6. MICRA'NTHA (R. Br. prod. p. 549.). I? . G. Native of
New Holland, on the south coast.
Small-flowered Oligarrhena. Shrub.
Cult. See Astroloma, p. 775. for culture and propagation.
Tribe II.
EPACRIEX^E (the genera contained in this tribe agree with
E'pacris in many particulars). Cells of ovarium many-seeded.
Fruit eapsular.
XV. E'PACRIS (from iirl, epi, upon, and axpoe, akros, the
uttermost ; in allusion to the habitation of the species on the
tops of hills). Smith, exot. bot. p. 77. t. 40. Labill. nov. holl.
1. p. 41. t. 55. Cav. icon. 4. p. 25. t. 344. R. Br. prod. p.
550.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx coloured, many-
bracteate ; bracteas of the same texture as the calyx. Corolla
tubular ; limb beardless. Stamens epipetalous. Anthers pel-
tate above the middle. Hypogynous scales 5. Capsule having
the placentas adnate to the central column. — Small branched,
usually glabrous shrubs. Leaves scattered, petiolate or simple
at the base. Flowers axillary, white or purplish, usually dis-
posed in leafy spikes.
782
EPACRIDEjE. XV. EPACRIS.
* Leaves cordate.
1 E. PURPURA'SCENS (R. Br. prod. p. 550.) segments of calyx
acuminated, about equal in length to the tube of the corolla ;
leaves cucullate, nearly sessile, ending each in a recurved mu-
crone, which exceeds the base of the leaf; floral leaves equal-
ling the corollas in length. Tj . G. Native of New South
Wales. E. pungens, Sims, bot. mag. t. 844. E'pacris at-
tenuatum, Link. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 38. Corollas purplish.
Var. ft, rubra (Lodd. bot. cab. 876.) flowers red.
Purpurescent-fiowered Epacris. Fl. Jan. March. Clt. 1803.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
2 E. PULCHE'LLA (Cav. icon. 4. p. 26. t. 345. Sims, bot. mag.
1 1 70. R. Br. prod. p. 550.) segments of the calyx acuminated,
equalling the tube of the corolla ; leaves rather concave, ending
each in a spreading point, which is not so long as the base of the
leaf; floral leaves shorter than the corollas. fj . G. Native
of New South Wales. Lodd. bot. cab. lf/4. Flowers pale red
or pink.
Neat Epacris. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1804. Shrub 1 to 3
feet.
3 E. MICROPHY'LLA (R. Br. prod. p. 550.) segments of calyx
bluntish, equalling the tube of the corolla ; leaves cucullate,
acute, spreading ; spike terminal. f; . G. Native of New South
Wales. Flowers almost white.
Small-leaved Epacris. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1822. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
4 E. RIPA'RIA (R. Br. 1. c.) segments of calyx setaceously
acuminated, about equal in length to the tube of the corolla ;
leaves flat, acuminated, spreading. Jj . G. Native of New
South Wales.
River-side Epacris. Shrub.
5 E. GRANDIFLORA (Smith, exot. bot. 75. t. 39. Sims, bot.
mag. t. 982.) corollas cylindrical, 4 times longer than the calyx ;
flowers pendulous ; leaves flat, acuminated. ^ . G. Native of
New South Wales. Lodd. bot. cab. 21. E'pacris Iongifl6ra,
Cav. icon. 4. p. 25. t. 344. Flowers scarlet and white.
Great-flmvered Epacris. Fl. Jan. June. Clt. 1803. Shrub
2 to 6 feet.
6 E. CAMPANULA'TA (Lodd. bot. cab. 1925.) leaves ovate,
reflexed ; flowers axillary, the whole forming a spike ; corolla
twice or thrice longer than the calyx, campanulate. J? . G.
Native of Van Diemen's Land. Corollas red.
far. ft, alba (Lodd. bot. cab. 1931). Flowers white.
Campanulate-fiowered Epacris. Fl. March. Clt. 1830.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
7 E. APICULA'TA (Cunningh. in Field's New South Wales, p.
340.) calycine segments lanceolate, acuminated, about equal in
length to the tube of the corolla ; leaves cucullate, hairy, ses-
sile, auricled at the base : superior leaves imbricated, ending
each in a callous obtuse point ; branchlets downy. Tj . G.
Native of New South Wales, on boggy moist declivities, in the
ravines of King's Table Land.
4piculated-\eaved Epacris. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1823.
Shrub.
* Leaves simple at the base, not cordate.
8 E. RUSCIFOLIA (R. Br. prod. p. 550.) flowers scattered,
pendulous ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, petiolate, acuminated ;
corollas cylindrical, having the tube twice longer than the calyx.
?j . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land.
Jtuscus-leaved Epacris. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1824. Shrub.
9 E RIVULA'RIS (Sieb. pi. nov. holl. ex Spreng. syst. add. p.
64.) leaves almost sessile, ovate, acuminated, reflexedly spread-
ing ; calyxes acute, about equal in length to the corolla. ^ . G.
Native of New Holland.
FIG. 133.
Rivulet Epacris. Shrub.
10 E. IMPRE'SSA (Labill. nov.
holl. 1. p. 43. t. 58.) flowers
pendulous, spicate, leaning all
one way ; leaves lanceolate, near-
ly sessile, attenuated at the apex,
mucronate, with scabrous edges ;
peduncles 3 times shorter than
the calyx ; corollas cylindrical ;
tube of corolla prismatic, twice
longer than the acute ciliated
calyx. *j . G. Native of the
south coast of New Holland, and
Van Diemen's Land. R. Br.
prod. p. 551. Sweet, fl. austr. t.
4. Lodd. bot. cab. 1691. Flow-
ers beautiful crimson.
Impressed Epacris. Fl. April,
July. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
11 E. VARIA'BILIS (Lodd. bot. cab. 1818.) leaves ovate, sessile,
tapering to the apex ; corolla tubular, 3 or 4 times longer than
the calyx. ^ . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Flowers
drooping, pale red or blush, spicate. Like E. impressa.
Variable Epacris. Fl. Jan. Feb. 1829. Shrub 2 feet.
12 E. NIVA'LIS (Lodd. bot. cab. 1821. Lindl. bot. reg. 1531.
Graham, in bot. mag. 3253.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, spreading
much, nakedish, nerved beneath, attenuated at the apex, mucro-
nate, with scabrous margins ; flowers axillary, solitary, secund,
disposed in a leafy raceme or spike ; tube of corolla campanu-
late, much longer than the segments of the calyx, which are
ciliated, as well as the bracteas. I? . G. Native of New Hol-
land. Flowers white.
Snowy Epacris. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1829. Shrub 2 to 3
feet.
13 E. CER^EFOLIA (Graham, in bot. mag. t. 3243.) leaves lan-
ceolate, spreading much, nakedish, attenuately mucronate at the
apex, with scabrous edges ; flowers spreading, axillary, solitary,
secund ; tube of corolla ovate, exceeding the acute ciliated seg-
ments of the calyx, fy . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land.
Flowers white, collected near the extremities of the branches,
much shorter than those of E. nivalis.
Wax-leaved Epacris. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1831. Shrub
1 to 3 feet.
14 E. SPA'RSA (R. Br. prod. p. 551.) flowers unknown ; pe-
duncles scattered, about equal in length to the acute calyx ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, petiolate, mucronate, veinless. f? . G.
Native of New South Wales. Flowers white. ?
Scattered-Qovfered Epacris. Shrub.
15 E. RIGIDA (Sieb. 1. c.) leaves ovate-oblong, bluntish,
nearly sessile, cartilaginous, spreading, keeled ; calyxes obtuse,
about equal in length to the tube of the corolla. \j , G. Na-
tive of New Holland.
Stiff Epacris. Shrub.
16 E. OBTUSIFOLIA (Smith, exot. bot. p. 77. t. 40.) flowers
nodding ; leaves lanceolate, erect, a little imbricated, ending in
a bluntish callous point ; segments of the calyx obtuse, length of
the tube of the corolla ; stamens inclosed. I? . G. Native of
New South Wales, south coast of New Holland, and Van Die-
men's Land. R. Br. prod. p. 551. Lodd. bot. cab. 293.
Flowers white.
Blunt-leaved Epacris. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1804. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
17 E. HETERONE'MA (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 42. t. 56.) leaves
elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated, rather concave, striated beneath ;
segments of calyx very acute, naked, length of tube of the
EPACRIDE^E. XV. EPACRIS. XVI. LYSINEMA. XVII. PRIONOTES.
783
corolla ; stamens inclosed ; style glabrous ; branches hairy.
J? . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land, and of New Holland,
on the Blue Mountains. R. Br. prod. p. 551. Hook. bot. mag.
t. 3257. Flowers white.
Variable-stamened Epacris. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. Shrub
2 to 4 feet.
18 E. PALUDOSA (R. Br. prod. p. 551.) leaves narrow-lanceo-
late, acuminated, flat, striated beneath, with scabrous margins ;
calycine segments very acute, naked, length of tube of the
corolla ; stamens inclosed ; style glabrous. Jj . G. Native of
New South Wales. Lodd. bot. cab. 1226. Flowers pale red. ?
Marsh Epacris. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1825. Shrub 2 to 3
feet.
19 E. LANUGINOSA (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 42. t. 57.) leaves
lanceolate, acuminated, with scabrous margins ; calycine seg-
ments very acute, length of tube of the corolla, with the margins
woolly ; stamens inclosed ; style hairy. f2 . G. Native of Van
Diemen's Land. R. Br. prod. p. 551.
Woolly Epacris. Shrub 2 feet.
20 E. ONOSMaiFtoRA (Cunningh. in Field's New South Wales,
p. 340.) leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated, cucullately con-
cave, 5-nerved, mucronate, petiolate, with ciliated margins :
branchlets hoary ; corollas cylindrically ventricose, with the
tube exceeding the calyx, which is very acute. T? . G. Native
of New South Wales, in boggy moist declivities on the King's
Table Land. Nearly allied to E. lanuginbsa, Labill.
Onosma-flowered Epacris. Fl. May. Clt. 1823. Shrub.
21 E. MYRTIFOLIA (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 41. t. 55.) leaves
ovate, acute, mucronulate, flat, thick : floral ones about equal in
length to the corolla ; calycine segments acutish, naked, length
of tube of the corolla ; bracteas bluntish ; stamens inclosed.
Jj . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. R. Br. prod. 551.
Myrtle-leaved Epacris. Shrub.
22 E. SESPYLLIFOLIA (R. Br. prod. 551.) leaves ovate, acute;
floral leaves one-half shorter than the corolla; calycine segments
acutish, naked, length of tube of corolla ; stamens inclosed.
Jj . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land.
Wild-Thyme-leaved Epacris. Shrub.
23 E. EXSE'RTA (R. Br. prod. 551.) leaves lanceolate, acute,
erect, flat above, and rather convex beneath ; calycine segments
bluntish, equalling the tube in length ; anthers clearly exserted.
T; . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Flowers white.
Exserted-stamened Epacris. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1812.
Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
24 E. CRASSIFOLIA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves oval or obovate, ob-
tuse, mutic, flat, cartilaginous, acute at the base ; calyxes pe-
dunculate, with woolly margins ; stem procumbent, with ascend-
ing branches. ^ . G. Native of New South Wales.
Thick-leaved Epacris. Shrub procumbent.
25 E. MUCRONULA' TA (R. Br. prod. p. 552.) leaves lanceolate,
very acute, erectly spreading, ending each in a pungent pellucid
mucrone ; calycine segments acute, with naked margins, fj . G.
Native of Van Diemen's Land. Flowers red. ?
Mucronulate-leaved Epacris. Fl. April,<**ly. Clt. 1824.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. All the species of this genus are delicate and handsome
small shrubs ; and many of them, on that account, are cul-
tivated by nurserymen and florists. A sandy peat soil suits
them best, and the rougher and more turfy it is, the better the
plants will thrive. They should be always shifted into fresh
pots and mould just before they are placed out of doors for the
summer from the green-house, as the roots become matted, and
being so very fine, the hot sun against the pots is apt to
destroy the points, and thus often kills the plants altogether.
Cuttings taken from the tips of young shoots, and planted in
pots filled with sand, with a bell-glass placed over them, either in
autumn, winter, or spring, will readily strike root ; but they
will not strike so freely in summer. When the cuttings are
rooted, they should be potted singly in small pots, and set in
a close frame for some time, and hardened to the air only by
degrees.
XVI. LYSINE'MA (from \u<rie, lysis, a freeing, and vijfj.a,
nema, a filament ; in reference to the stamens being hypogynous,
and therefore free from the corolla, not as in Epacris epipeta-
lous). R. Br. prod. p. 552.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogy'nia, Calyx coloured, with
many bracteas ; bracteas texture of calyx. Corolla salver-
shaped, with the tube sometimes divisible into 5 parts ; seg-
ments of the limb beardless, bent to the right. Stamens hypo-
gynous. Anthers peltate above the middle. Hypogynous scales
5. Placentas of capsule adnate to the central column. — Shrubs
with the habit of E pacris.
1 L. PETAPE'TALUM (R. Br. prod. p. 552.) corollas pentapeta-
lous, having the claws distinct the whole length, and longer than
the calyx, glabrous outside, fj . G. Native of New Holland,
on the south coast. Flowers pink. Leaves trigonal.
Five-petalled Lysinema. Fl. Feb. March. Clt. 1823. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
2 L. CILIA'TUM (R. Br. 1. c.) corollas pentapetalous : having
the claws cohering at the apex, length of calyx, glabrous outside.
Pj . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Ciliated-leaved Lysinema. Shrub.
3 L. LASIA'NTHUM (R.Br. 1. c.) corollas pentapetalous: having
the claws woolly outside, and 4-5 times longer than the limb.
fy . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Hairy-flowered Lysinema. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1820. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
4 L. CONSPI'CUUM (R. Br. 1. c.) corolla monopetalous : having
the tube 5-cleft, and exceeding the calyx ; leaves lanceolate-
subulate, adpressed. ^ . G. Native of New Holland, on the
south coast.
Conspicuous Lysinema. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1 824. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
5 L. RUSCIFOLIUM (Sieb. ex Spreng. syst. add. p. 64.) leaves
half stem-clasping, ovate-oblong, cuspidate, ciliated, smooth ;
segments of calyx subulate, about equal in length to the tube of
the corolla. Jj . G. Native of New Holland.
Ruscus-leaved Lysinema. Shrub.
6 L. PU'NGENS (R. Br. prod. p. 552.) corollas monopetalous,
having the tube entire, and equal in length to the calyx ; leaves
ovate, acuminated, spreading. Pj . G. Native of New South
Wales. E'pacris pungens, Cav. icon. 4. p. 26. t. 346. Flowers
white. Shrub pale green. This species is intermediate between
Lysinema and E'pacris. Leaves stem-clasping.
Var. ft, rubrum (Sims, bot. mag. 1199.) shrub dark or brown-
ish green ; flowers red. 17 . G. Native of New South Wales.
E'pacris rosea, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 863.
Pungent-leaved Lysinema. Fl. Feb. April. Clt. 1804. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
Cult. See E'pacris above for culture and propagation. Elegant
and delicate shrubs, having the habit of E'pacris.
XVII. PRIONOTES (from vpiuv, prim, a saw, and o?e
(iroc, ous otos, an ear ; in reference to the serrated leaves). R.
Br. prod. p. 552.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx bractless. Corolla
tubular, with an open throat ; the limb beardless. Stamens hy-
pogynous. Filaments half adhering to the tube. Anthers with
a complete dissepiment. Hypogynous scales 5. Placentas un-
known.— A glabrous much branched shrub. Leaves scattered,
petiolate, serrated. Peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, recurved,
784
EPACRIDEA. XVIII. COSMELIA. XIX. ANDERSOMA. XX. PONCELETIA. XXI. SPRENGELIA.
minutely bracteate at the base, and naked above. Flowers
showy, pendulous. The placentas of the capsules are loose
and pendulous, and the leaves sheathing, according to Labillar-
diere.
1 P. CERINTHOIDES (R. Br. prod. p. 553.). ^ . G. Native
of Van Diemen's Land. E'pacris cerinthoides, Labill. nov. holl.
1. p. 43. t. 59.
Cerintlie-like Prionotes. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
Cult. This is an elegant and delicate shrub, bearing showy
pendulous flowers. For culture and propagation, see E'pacris,
p. 783.
XVIII. COSMEvLIA(fromi;o<r^£&), kosmeo, to adorn ; beauty
of flowers.) R. Br. prod. p. 553.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx foliaceous. Co-
rolla tubular. Stamens epipetalous. Anthers adnate to the
filaments, which are ciliated at top. Hypogynous scales 5.
Placentas of capsule adnate to the central column. — An erect
much branched shrub, but the branches while naked are not
marked by cicatrices. Bases of leaves cucullate, half sheathing.
Flowers solitary, drooping, terminating the short lateral branches.
Calyx imbricated by smaller leaves. Corollas deep red. Sta-
mens inclosed. Anthers loosened at the base. Placentas free
at both extremities.
1 C. RU'BRA (R. Br. prod. p. 553.). J? . G. Native of the
south coast of New Holland. E'pacris rubra, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 629.
/ferf-flowered Cosmelia. Fl. ? Clt. 1826. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. See E'pacris, p. 783. for culture and propagation.
XIX. ANDERSO'NIA (named in memory of William
Anderson, a surgeon of the Royal Navy, who accompanied
Captain Cook ; he paid great attention to botany. Descriptions
of the genera of Van Diemen's Land plants, written by him, are
still in the Banksian Library. The genus is also intended to
commemorate the late Alexander Anderson, formerly Director
of the Botanic Garden at St. Vincent; and William Anderson,
the present Curator of the Apothecaries' Botanic Garden at
Chelsea.) R. Br. prod. p. 553.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx coloured, imbri-
cated by 2 or more foliaceous bracteas. Corolla length of calyx;
segments of the limb bearded at the base. Stamens hypogynous:
anthers fixed beneath the middle. Hypogynous scales 5, some-
times connate. Capsule with the placentas adnate to the central
column. — Small squarrose shrubs, having the branches not an-
nulated while naked. Bases of leaves cucullate, half sheathing.
Flowers terminal, spicate, or solitary, erect. Placentas short,
rising from the bottom of the capsule. Seeds few when ma-
ture, erect.
* Flowers bibracteate, spicate.
1 A. SPRENGELIOIDES (R. Br. prod. p. 554.) leaves spreading,
ending each in a flat point. Fj . G. Native of New Holland, on the
south coast. Sims, bot. mag. 1645. Lodd. bot. cab. 263.
Flowers pink.
Sprengelia-like Andersonia. Fl. March, July. Clt. 1803.
Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
2 A. PARVIFOLIA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves adpressed, ending in a
triquetrous point each. ^ • G. Native of the south coast of
New Holland.
Small-leaved Andersonia. Shrub.
* Floners many-bracteate ; terminating the short branchlets.
3 A. C^RU'LEA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves moderately spreading ;
young leaves and outside of calyxes downy. Pj . G. Native of
New Holland, on the south coast. Flowers blue.
Blue-fiowered Andersonia. Shrub.
4 A. SQUARROSA (R. Br. prod. p. 554.) leaves squarrose, di-
varicate or recurved, glabrous, with naked margins ; calyxes
and styles glabrous ; stem erect. lj . G. Native of New Hol-
land, on the south coast.
(Sgwarrose-leaved Andersonia. Shrub.
5 A. DEPRE'SSA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves squarrose, divaricate
or recurved, downy, with ciliated margins ; calyxes glabrous ;
style pilose in the middle ; stem depressed, fj . G. Native of
New Holland, on the south coast.
Depressed Andersonia. Shrub depressed.
6 A. MICRA'NTHA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves adpressed ; style downy
beneath the middle. ^ • G. Native of New Holland, on the
south coast.
Small-flowered Andersonia. Shrub.
Cult. The species of this genus are very elegant and delicate
plants. They grow freely in a sandy peat soil, having the pots
well drained with sherds. Care should be taken not to give
them too much water, as when the mould gets soddened, the
plants are almost sure to die. They are increased by cuttings
in the same way as E'pacris, which see, p. 783.
XX. PONCELETIA (to the memory of Mr. Poncelet, au-
thor of treatise on Triticum or Wheat.) R. Br. prod. p. 554.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx foliaceous. Co-
rolla short, campanulate, 5-cleft, beardless. Stamens hypogy-
nous. Anthers peltate beneath the middle, with a marginate
dissepiment. Hypogynous scales wanting. Capsule having the
placentas adnate to the central column. — A small, erect, twiggy,
marsh shrub, having the branches not annulated while naked :
floriferous branches brittle. Bases of leaves cucullate, half
sheathing. Flowers solitary, erect, terminating the branchlets.
Calyx imbricated by smaller leaves. Anthers free, beardless.
1 P. SPRENGELIOIDES (R. Br. prod. p. 554.). fj . G. Native
of New South Wales. A suffruticose dense habited plant, ad-
hering to rocks perpetually damp.
Sprengelia-like Ponceletia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1826. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see E'pacris, p. 783.
XXI. SPRENGE'LIA (named after Christian Conrad Spren-
gel, master of the grammar-school at Spandow, in Brandenburgh,
who published at Berlin, in 1 793, a most ingenious work on the
manner in which insects promote the impregnation of plants).
Smith, in act. stockh. 1794. p. 260. t. 8. tracts, p. 267. t. 2.
R. Br. prod. p. 555.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx coloured a little.
Corolla 5-parted, rotate, beardless. Stamens hypogynous. An-
thers connate or free, with an immarginate dissepiment. Hypo-
gynous scales wanting. Capsule having the placentas adnate to
the central column. — Small, erect, branched shrubs ; branches
hardly annulated while naked. Bases of leaves cucullate, half
sheathing. Flowers terminating the short lateral branchlets.
Corolla purplish, length of calyx : with the tube very short, and
at length cleft into 5 to the base.
1 S. INCARNA'TA (R. Br. prod. p. 55.) anthers connate,
bearded ; calyxes coloured ; leaves long-acuminated. J? . G.
Native of New South Wales, south coast of New Holland, and
Van Diemen's Land. Andr. bot. rep. t. 2. Sims, bot. mag.
1719. Lodd. bot. cab. 262. Flowers flame coloured.
Flesh-colour-flowered Sprengelia. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1793.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
2 S. MONTA'NA (R. Br. 1. c.) anthers free, beardless ; calyx
half coloured ; leaves short-acuminated. Ij . G. Native of
Van Diemen's Land. Flowers purplish.
EPACRIDE.&. XXII. CYSTANTHE. XXIII. RICHEA. XXIV. DRACOPHYLLUM. XXV. SPHENOTOMA. ERICACEAE. 785
Mountain Sprengelia. Shrub 1 foot.
Cult. These are elegant and delicate shrubs, with much the
habit of Andersbnia, which see, p. 784, for culture and propa-
gation.
XXII. CYSTA'NTHE (from warn, kiste, a box or coffer,
and avOof, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the closed hood-
formed flowers.) R. Br. prod. p. 555.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx foliaceous. Co-
rolla closed, calyptreeform, dehiscing transversely : with a trun-
cate permanent base. Stamens hypogynous, permanent. Hy-
pogynous scales wanting. Capsule having the placentas loose,
and hanging from the top of the central column. — A shrub
with the habit of Sprengelia, Cosmelia, and Ponceletia : unless
that the branches are annulated while naked.
1 C. SPRENGELIOIDES (R. Br. prod. p. 555.). V} . G. Native
of Van -Diemen's Land. Flowers pale red.
Far. a, leaves elongated, spreadingly recurved. Growing on
the shady sides of mountains.
Var. [}, leaves much shorter. Growing on the tops of
mountains.
Sprcngelia-like Cystanthe. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Andersbnia, p. 784.
It is an elegant and delicate shrub.
XXIII. RI'CHEA (named in memory of M. Riche, one of
the naturalists who accompanied the expedition in search of La
Perouse). R. Br. prod. p. 555. but not of Labill.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx membranous, bract-
less. Corolla closed, calyptrseform, dehiscing transversely : with
a truncate permanent base. Stamens hypogynous, permanent.
Hypogynous scales 5. Capsule having the placentas loose and
hanging from the top of the central column. — A shrub with the
habit almost of Dracophyllum montanum, Labill., but differing
in the singular economy of the flower. It comes nearest to Cys-
ttinlhe, in the corolla being calyptrseform ; but that genus dif-
fers in the inflorescence, foliaceous calyx, and want of hypogy-
nous scales. Richea of Labill. voy. 1. p. 187. t. 16. in Craspe-
dia, Forst. prod. no. 306. and Willd. spec. 3. p. 2393.
1 R. DRACOPHY'LLA (R. Br. prod. p. 555.). Ij . G. Native
of Van Diemen's Land. This shrub differs much in stature
according to stations of its natural growth ; for on the tops of
mountains it is an humble shrub, 1^ foot high ; but on the
sides of the mountains it grows to 10 feet high.
Draco-leaved Richea. Shrub 1 to 1 0 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Andersbnia, p.
784.
XXIV. DRACOPHY'LLUM (from IpaK^drakon, a dragon;
and <fv\\of, phyllon, a leaf: so named because the leaves have
some resemblance to those of Dracaena Draco, or Dragon'*
Blood Tree.) Labill. itin. 2. t. 40. R. Br. prod. p. 555. Rchb.
hort. 2. t. 108.
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx bractless. Co-
rolla tubularly funnel-shaped ; with a 5-parted acutish spread-
ing beardless limb, a somewhat ventricose tube, and a hardly
contracted throat. Stamens 5, hypogynous. Hypogynous
scales 5. Capsule having the placentas loosened, and hanging
from the top of the central column. — Shrubs or small trees
having the branches annulated while naked. Leaves imbricate,
cucullate at the base, and half sheathing. Spikes or racemes
terminal, simple, or compound. Bracteas subtending the pedi-
cels, caducous.
1 D. SECU'NDUM (R. Br. prod. p. 556.) racemes secund ;
VOL. III.
lower peduncles divided. T? . G. Native of New South Wales.
Hook. bot. mag. 3264. Flowers white.
Secund-Rowcred Dracophyllum. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1823.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
2 D. LONGIFOLIUM "(R. Br. prod. p. 556.) arboreous ; leaves
linear-lanceolate, sheathing at the base ; racemes erect, articu-
lated, lateral. Ij . G. Native of New Zealand. E'pacris longi-
folia, Forst. char. gen. 10. no. 1. ins. austr. p. 13.
Long-leaved Dracophyllum. Shrub.
3 D. ROSMARINIFOLIUM (R. Br. 1. c.) shrubby ; leaves linear,
obtuse, stiff, sheathing ; flowers almost solitary, sessile. Tj .
G. Native of New Zealand. E'pacris rosmarinifolia, Forst.
ins. austr. p. 13. icon. t. 24.
Rosemary-leaved Dracophyllum. Shrub.
Cult. See Andersbma, p. 784. for culture and propagation.
XXV. SPHENO'TOMA (from o^vou, sphenoo, to cleave,
and rofir], tome, a section ; in reference to the deep divided limb
of the corolla). Sweet, fl. austr. t. 44. Dracophyllum, sect.
Sphenotoma, R. Br. prod. p. 555.).
LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Corolla salver-shaped, with
a slender tube, a coarctate throat, and an obtuse beardless limb
(f. 134. e.) Stamens epipetalous. Hypogynous scales 5. Capsule
having the placentas loose, and hanging from the top of the cen-
tral column. — Shrubs having the branches annulated when naked.
Leaves imbricate, cucullate and half sheathing at the base.
Spikes simple, terminal. Bracteas stretched out, permanent.
1 S. SQUARROSA; floriferous branches hardly the length of the
spikes ; leaves squarrose, ensiform, lanceolate. ^ . G. Native
of New Holland, on the south coast. Dracophyllum squarro-
sum, R. Br. prod. p. 556.
Squarrose Sphenotoma. Shrub.
2 S. CAPITA'TA; floriferous branches much longer than the
spikes, which are ovate ; cauline leaves lanceolate-ensiform,
erectish : of the branches adpressed. f; . G. Native of New
Holland, on the south coast. Dracophyllum capitatum, R. Br.
prod. p. 556.
Capitate-flowered Sphenotoma. Shrub.
3 S. GRA'CILIS (Sweet, fl.
austr. t. 44.) floriferous branches FIG. 134.
much longer than the spikes,
which are ovate ; cauline leaves
lanceolate-subulate, spreading,
or recurved : of the branches
adpressed. Jj . G. Native of
New Holland, on the south
coast. Dracophyllum gracilis,
R. Br. prod. p. 556. Flowers
white. Leaves fringed with
long hairs, (f. 134.).
Slender Sphenotoma. Fl.
April, May. Clt. 1823. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and pro-
pagation, see E'pacris, p. 783.
or Andersbnia, p. 784.
<L
ORDER CXXXIX. ERICA'CE^E (this order contains plants
agreeing with the genus Erica, or Heath, in important charac-
ters). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 152. Encese, R.
Br. prod. p. 557. Ericaceae, part., Cham, et Schlect. in Lin-
naaa. vol. 1. Ericeae, part., Juss. gen.
Flowers hermaphrodite, subsymmetrical, regular. Calyx 4-
5-cleft. Corolla 4-parted, rarely 5-parted. Stamens 4-5-8-10,
5H
786
ERICACEAE.
alternating with the segments of the corolla : their insertion
various. Style and stigma undivided. Capsule free, or ad-
hering to the fleshy calyx, therefore baccate ; cells for the
most part many-seeded. Albumen fleshy. Embryo erect,
slender. Shrubs variable in habit, scattered over the surface of
the earth in every direction.
Among the numerous families which compose the vegetable
kingdom, few surpass the Ericaceae in the diversity of their
forms, beauty of their flowers, or in the extent of their geogra-
phical distribution, which verges upon the ultimate limits of
vegetation in both hemispheres. The direction of mountain
chains, more especially of particular strata, such, for example,
as siliceous and micaceous deposits, appears to exercise an
equally important influence on the distribution of this family,
with the circumstances of latitude and elevation. Species of
the groups of Andromedece and Vacciniece traverse the Andes
from one extremity to the other ; and in Asia they extend from
the Frozen Ocean to within the tropics, colonies of them being
found in almost every branch of the Indian Alps. The simi-
larity of the vegetation of North America and Central Asia is
strikingly exemplified in the groups of this family, which are
peculiar to both regions, such as Rhodbrece, Monotropece, Pyrolece,
Vacciniece, and the aberrant Ericece. Some species are common to
both continents, such as Pyrola picta, Monotropa Morisoniana,
Brydntlius Stelleri, Cassiope tetragbna, and Andromeda polifolia :
the two last forming likewise part of the European Flora.
Europe and Africa alone contain the normal Ericece, well cha-
racterized by their permanent corolla, the maximum of which is
at the Cape of Good Hope, a spot where so many families of
plants are found huddled together in strange confusion, as if
nature had at length deprived herself of sufficient space for their
equal distribution. The most easterly point to which this last
group extends is the Mauritius, where the various species of
Saldxis are found. The maximum of Rhodorece, Vacciniece,
Pyrblece, and Monotropece, and the aberrant Ericece, is found in
North America ; these tribes are also common to Asia. Van
Diemen's Land may be regarded as comprehending the majority
of the Epacridece. Of all the genera of Ericaceae, that of
Gaultheria is, however, the most extensively diffused, being
met with in almost every region of America, in New Zealand,
Van Diemen's Land, and other places of the South Pacific, and
in the East Indies. The greater development of the calyx in
this genus, and its more or less adherence to the ovarium, con-
siderably lessens the importance of the discriminating character
of the Vacciniece, and most satisfactorily shows that they consti-
tute but a group of Ericaceae, rather than a distinct order. As
happens in other very natural families, the characters of the ge-
neral groups of Ericaceae are not so strongly marked as in those
that are less so ; but we are not on that account to give up the
idea of dividing them, and to retain four or five hundred species
in one genus, as has been done in the case of Erica, which we
have here attempted to subdivide into a number of minor
groups ; and, whatever opinion may be formed of their title to
rank as separate genera, the arrangement of the species will we
trust be found more natural than any hitherto proposed.
Synopsis of the genera.
TRIBE I.
ERICE.S. Anthers 2-celled. Ovarium free. Hypogynous disk
nectariferous, sometimes, though rarely, ornamented with scales.
Buds naked. Leaves usually niih revolute margins.
SUBTRIBE I. ERICEJE NORMA'LES. Normal Ericece. Corollas
permanent.
1 ERICA. Calyx 4-parted, naked at the base. Corolla glo-
bose or urceolate, with a 4-lobed limb. Stamens inclosed ; with
capillary filaments and bifid anthers ; cells of anthers short,
opening by an oblong hole, awned or crested at the base,
rarely mutic. Stigma peltate. — Leaves acerose. Pedicels
scaly.
2 GYPSOCA'LLIS. Calyx 4-parted, glumaceous, naked at the
base. Corolla campanulate, or short-tubular, with a dilated 4-
lobed mouth. Stamens exserted, with flattened filaments and
bipartite anthers ; cells of anthers mutic at the base, distinct,
substipitate, opening by an oblique hole. Stigma simple.
— Leaves acerose.
3 BL^'RIA. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla short, tubular, with
a 4-cleft limb. Stamens 4-6, with linear flattened glabrous
filaments, and bipartite anthers ; cells of anthers attenuated at
the base, mutic, dehiscing by an oblong foramen at the apex.
Stigma obtuse. — Leaves whorled. Flowers terminal, glome-
rate.
4 SYMPIE'ZA. Calyx turbinate, compressed, bifid. Corolla
tubular, with a 2-parted limb, longer than the calyx. Stamens
4, epipetalous. Anthers bifid, mutic, exserted. Stigma sim-
ple.— Leaves linear, trigonal, 3 in a whorl. Flowers glome-
rate.
5 PACHY'SA. Calyx deeply 4-parted, coriaceous. Corolla
nearly globose, coriaceous, with a contracted 4-lobed mouth.
Stamens inclosed, with dilated filaments, and bifid anthers ; cells
of anthers short, crested at the base, opening by an oblique
foramen. Stigma obtuse. — Leaves loosely imbricated, com-
pressed. Pedicels bracteolate.
6 CERA'MIA. Calyx 4-parted, glumaceous. Corolla urceolate,
with a 4-lobed limb. Stamens inclosed, with dilated flat fila-
ments and bifid anthers : cells of anthers short, horned at the
base. Stigma capitate. — Leaves scattered, bluntish, flat.
7 DE'SMIA. Calyx 4-lobed. Corolla globose, with a con-
tracted 4-toothed mouth. Stamens exserted, with flat filaments ;
cells of anthers short, opening by an oblong hole, simple at the
base, and confluent in the filament. Stigma capitate. — Leaves
scattered, subulate.
8 EUKYLE'PIS. Calyx 4-parted, coriaceous, bibracteolate at
the base. Corolla tubular, coriaceous, ventricose at the base,
with an erect 4-parted limb. Stamens inclosed, with dilated
channelled filaments, and bipartite anthers ; cells of anthers co-
riaceous, opening by an oblong hole, auricled at the base.
Stigma clavate. — Leaves scattered. Flowers terminal, solitary.
9 EURYSTE'GIA. Calyx 4-parted, large, glumaceous. Corolla
ERICACEAE.
787
urceolate, with a contracted 4-toothed mouth. Stamens inclosed,
with dilated flat filaments and bipartite anthers ; cells of anthers
opening by an oblong foramen, biappendiculate at the base ;
appendages flat, crested, crenated. Stigma capitate. — Leaves
subulate. Flowers subsolitary, pendulous.
10 LOPHA'NDRA. Calyx 4-parted, furnished with 4 bracteas
at the base : segments scarious, rounded, ventricose outside.
Corolla campanulate, 4-lobed. Stamens inclosed, with dilated
flat filaments and bifid anthers ; cells of anthers beaked at the
apex, winged, crested, and crenulated at the sides, dehiscing by
an oblong hole in the middle. Stigma truncate. — Leaves short,
obtuse, glaucous. Flowers terminal.
1 1 LAMPROTIS. Calyx 4-parted, large, glumaceous, coloured,
bibracteate at the base. Corolla urceolate, with a small 4-lobed
limb. Stamens inclosed, with capillary filaments ; cells of an-
thers short, dehiscing lengthwise, mutic, or crested at the
base. Stigma capitate. — Leaves adpressed, opposite, or 3 in a
whorl. Flowers terminal.
12 CALLISTA. Calyx 4-parted, foliaceous. Corolla salver-
shaped, with a cylindrical or ventricose tube, and a dilated,
spreading, 4-cleft limb. Stamens inclosed, with capillary fila-
ments ; cells of anthers short, dehiscing lengthwise, mutic at the
base. Stigma capitate. — Leaves acerose. Flowers terminal.
13 EURYLOMA. Calyx 4-parted, foliaceous. Corolla salver-
shaped, with an elongated, filiform or ventricose tube, and a 4-
parted dilated limb. Stamens inclosed, with dilated, membran-
ous, channelled filaments, and bipartite anthers; cells of anthers
membranous, dehiscing lengthwise, drawn out at the base into a
short tumid spur. Stigma with an elevated 4-lobed disk. —
Leaves adpressed, denticulated. Flowers terminal.
14 CHONA. Calyx 4-parted, foliaceous. Corolla funnel-
shaped, with a revolute 4-lobed limb. Stamens exserted, with
capillary filaments, and truncate anthers ; cells of anthers elon-
gated, parallel, awned at the base. Stigma simple, obtuse. —
Leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, awned. Flowers terminal.
15 SYRINGODEA. Calyx 4-leaved, glumaceous. Corolla long-
tubular, with a short 4-lobed limb. Stamens usually inclosed,
with capillary filaments, and bipartite anthers j cells of anthers
short, obtuse, mutic or awned at the base, dehiscing by an ob-
long foramen. Stigma simple or capitate, in some annulated by
an elevated disk. — Leaves loose, acerose. ^Flowers crowded at
the tops of the branches.
16 DASYA'NTHES. Calyx 4-parted, bibracteate at the base.
Corolla tubular, hispid, with a 4-lobed erect limb. Stamens
inclosed, with capillary filaments, and bipartite anthers ; cells of
anthers mutic at the base, dehiscing lengthwise. Stigma large,
peltate. — Leaves loosely imbricated, hispid. Flowers in terminal
fascicles.
1 7 ECTA'SIS. Calyx 4-leaved, glumaceous. Corolla tubular,
a little ventricose at the base, with a 4-toothed limb. Stamens
much exserted, with dilated filaments and bipartite anthers :
cells of anthers elongated, tubular, dehiscing by a longitudinal
fissure, having the base continuous in the filament, and mutic.
Stigma clavate, truncate. — Leaves loosely imbricated. Flowers
terminal or lateral.
18 ERIODE'SMIA. Calyx large, 4-parted, bibracteate at the
base. Corolla campanulate, with a 4-lobed revolute limb. Sta-
mens exserted, with dilated filaments, and bifid obtuse scabrous
anthers ; cells of anthers dehiscing by an oblong pore, continuous
in the filament at the base. — Leaves 3 in a whorl, obtuse, hairy.
Flowers terminal.
19 OCTOPE'RA. Calyx 4-parted, reflexed, naked at the base.
Corolla globose, with a contracted bluntly 4-lobed mouth. Sta-
mens inclosed, with flattened filaments ; cells of anthers very
short, dehiscing by an ample hole, and furnished at the base by
a solitary lanceolate acuminated appendage. — A downy procum-
bent shrub. Leaves verticillate. Flowers terminal, subumbel-
late. Pedicels scaly.
20 ERE'MIA. Calyx 4-parted, with imbricated bracteas at the
base ; segments orbicular, coriaceous, ciliated. Corolla urceo-
late, with a small 4-lobed limb. Stamens inclosed, with capil-
lary filaments, and bipartite anthers ; cells short, mutic at the
base, dehiscing by an oblong hole. Stigma capitate. Cells of
capsule 1 -seeded. — Leaves spreading, bristly. Flowers glome-
rate.
21 SALA'XIS. Calyx 4-leaved, irregular. Corolla campanu-
late, 4-cleft. Stigma peltate. Capsule drupaceous, 3-celled,
3-seeded. — Leaves 3-6 in a whorl. Flowers subracemose at the
tops of the branches.
22 CALLU'NA. Calyx 4-parted, membranous, coloured, fur-
nished with 4 bracteas at the base. Corolla shorter than the
calyx, campanulate, 4-lobed. Stamens inclosed, with dilated
filaments, and bipartite anthers, which are biappendiculate at the
base ; cells mucronulate, dehiscing lengthwise. Stigma capitate.
— Leaves short, imbricated, in 4 rows. Flowers terminal, spi-
cately racemose.
SUBTRIBE II. ANDROME'DE/E. Corolla deciduous.
23 ANDROMEDA. Calyx 5-cleft; segments acute, simple at
the base. Corolla globose, with a contracted 5-toothed mouth.
Stamens 10, inclosed, with bearded filaments; cells of anthers
short, one-awned. Stigma truncate. Capsule with a loculicidal
dehiscence ; placenta S-lobed.
24 CASSIOPE. Calyx 5-leaved ; segments imbricate at the
base. Corolla campanulate, 5-cleft. Stamens 10, inclosed,
with glabrous filaments ; cells of anthers short, tumid, one-
awned. Style dilated at the base ; stigma obtuse. Capsule
with a loculicidal dehiscence ; valves bifid at the apex ; placenta
5-lobed.
25 CASSA'NDRA. Calyx 5-leaved, bibracteate at the base ;
segments imbricate at the base. Corolla oblong, with a con-
tracted 5-toothed mouth. Stamens 10, inclosed, with glabrous
filaments; cells of anthers elongated at the apex, tubular, mutic.
Stigma annulated. Capsule with a loculicidal dehiscence ; pla-
centa 5-lobed.
5 H 2
788
ERICACEAE.
26 ZENOBIA. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla campanulate, with
a revolute 5-lobed limb. Stamens 10, with very short glabrous
filaments ; cells of anthers elongated, tubular, biaristate at the
apex. Stigma truncate. Capsule with a loculicidal dehiscence ;
placenta 5-lobed.
27 LYONIA. Calyx 5 -parted. Corolla ovate or tubular, with
a contracted 5-toothed mouth. Stamens inclosed, with short,
flattened, downy filaments ; cells of anthers membranous, de-
hiscing lengthwise, mutic. Style pentagonal ; stigma obtuse.
Capsule pentagonal, with a loculicidal dehiscence.
28 LEUCOTHOE. Calyx 5-leaved ; segments imbricated at the
base. Corolla tubular, toothed. Stamens inclosed, with flat-
tened downy filaments ; cells of anthers short, truncate, mutic.
Stigma large, capitate. Capsule with a loculicidal dehis-
cence.
29 PIE'RIS. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla tubular or ovate, with
a contracted, 5-toothed, revolute mouth. Stamens 10, inclosed,
with dilated filaments, which are bisetose at the apex ; cells of
anthers short, incumbent, dehiscing lengthwise. Style pen-
tagonal ; stigma truncate. Capsule with a loculicidal dehis-
cence.
30 PHYLLODOCE. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla globose, with a
contracted 5-toothed mouth. Stamens 10, inclosed, with slen-
der glabrous filaments ; cells of anthers short, truncate, mutic.
Stigma peltate, with 5 tubercles. Capsule with a septicidal
dehiscence.
31 BRYA'NTHUS. Calyx 5-leaved, imbricated. Corolla deeply
5-parted, spreading. Stamens 10, shorter than the corolla,
with flattened glabrous filaments ; cells of anthers short, mutic,
or awned behind, dehiscing by a terminal foramen. Stigma
obtuse. Capsule with a septicidal dehiscence.
32 DABOJCIA. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla oval, ventricose,
with a 4-toothed mouth. Stamens 8, inclosed, with dilated
glabrous filaments, and linear anthers, which are sagittate at the
base ; cells of anthers parallel, loosened at the apex, dehiscing
lengthwise. Stigma truncate. Capsule 4-celled, with a septi-
cidal dehiscence.
33 ENKIA'NTHUS. Calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla cam-
panulate, with a 5-parted limb, and 5 nectarial pits at the base.
Stamens inclosed ; anthers 2-horned. Berry 5-celled, many-
seeded.
34 A'RBUTUS. Calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla globose or
ovate, with a small, contracted, 5-cleft, reflexed border. Sta-
mens 1 0, inclosed, with flattened filaments ; anthers compressed
at the sides, dehiscing at the apex by 2 pores, fixed by the back
beneath the apex, and there furnished with 2 reflexed awns.
Stigma obtuse. Berry globose, granular.
35 ARCTOSTA'PHYLOS. All as in A'rbutus, except that the
fruit is 5-celled, and the cells 1 -seeded, and not granular on the
outside.
36 PERNE'TTYA. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla globose, with a
contracted 5-parted revolute limb. Stamens 10, inclosed, having
the filaments thickened at the base ; anthers 2-celled, 2-lobed
at the apex ; lobes bifid. Hypogynous scales 10, 3-lobed, sur-
rounding the ovarium. Stigma convex. Berries globose, 5-
celled, many-seeded.
37 AGARISTA. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla ovate, with a con-
tracted 5-toothed mouth. Stamens 10, inclosed, with flattened
villous filaments, and bipartite anthers ; cells of anthers short,
mutic at the base, diverging at the apex, and dehiscing by a ter-
minal pore. Capsule globose, 5-celled, with a loculicidal dehis-
cence ; placenta thick, oblong.
38 DYPLECOSIA. Calyx girded by a calyculus, which is com-
posed of 2 combined bracteas, 5-cleft. Corolla campanulate,
with a 5-cleft reflexed limb. Stamens 10, inclosed, inserted in
the disk of the calyx. Anthers bifid at the apex. Stigma
truncate. Capsule nearly globose, depressed, inclosed in the
baccate calyx, 5-celled, many-seeded.
39 GAULTHE'RIA. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-toothed, bibracteate at
the base. Corolla ovate, ventricose, with a 5-cleft revolute
border, diaphanous at the base. Stamens 10, inclosed, with
flat filaments; anthers bifid at the apex; lobes biaristate.
Hypogynous scales 10, usually united at the base. Ovarium
half inferior. Capsule 5-celled, with a loculicidal dehiscence.
40 EPIGJE'A. Calyx large, 5-parted, furnished with 3 brac-
teas at the base. Corolla salver-shaped, with a 5-parted spread-
ing border, and with the tube villous inside. Stamens 1 0. Cap-
sule 5-celled ; placenta 5-parted.
41 PHALLEROCA'RPUS. Calyx 4-cleft, bibracteate at the
base. Corolla campanulate, 4-cleft. Stamens 8, hairy. ? Hy-
pogynous disk 8-lobed. Anthers semibifid.
42 CLE'THRA. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla so deeply 5-parted
as to appear 5-petalled. Stamens 10, with membranous fila-
ments ; anthers at length inflexedly pendulous, obverse, and
cordate at the base, and mucronate at the apex, but mutic.
Stigma trifid. Capsule 3-celled, many-seeded, with a loculi-
cidal dehiscence.
TRIBE II.
RHODORE;E. Anthers Z-celled. Ovarium free. Hypogynous
disk nectariferous. Buds strobile-formed, scaly. Leaves fiat,
callous at the extremity of the mid-rib.
43 RHODODE'NDRON. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla somewhat
funnel-shaped, 5-cleft. Stamens 5-10, declinate; anthers open-
ing by 2 terminal pores. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, dehiscing
at the summit.
44 VIRE'YA. Calyx obsoletely 5-toothed. Corolla sub-
campanulate, or funnel-shaped, regularly 5-lobed, adnate to the
disk of the calyx. Stamens 10, inserted in the calycine disk;
anthers dehiscing by terminal pores, mutic. Stigma capitate, 5-
furrowed. Capsule silique-formed, 5-angled, 5-celled, 5-valved.
Placenta 5-lobed. Seeds numerous, expanded at both ends
into a bristle-formed awn.
45 BEJA'RIA. Calyx 7-cleft. Corolla 7-petalled. Stamens
14, hypogynous. Anthers obverse and pendulous, mutic.
Stigma capitate. Capsule depressedly globose, 7-celled, 7-
valved, with a septicidal dehiscence.
46 HYMENA'NTHES. Calyx small, obsoletely denticulated.
ERICACEAE.
789
Corolla subcampanulate, with a short compressed tube, and a
7-parted limb. Stamens 14, hypogynous ; anthers mutic, open-
ing by two terminal pores. Stigma obtuse, with 7 crenatures.
Capsule oblong, 7-valved, 7- celled, many-seeded.
47 KA'LMIA. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla salver-shaped ; bor-
der producing 10 protuberances on the under side, and a cor-
responding number of cavities on the upper side, in which the
anthers are concealed. Capsule 5-celled ; dissepiments mar-
ginal.
48 MENZIE'SIA. Calyx 4-cleft. Corolla globose, 4-cleft.
Stamens 8, hypogynous. Capsule 4-celled, 4-valved, having
the dissepiments formed from the inflexed margins of the
valves.
49 AZA'LEA. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla short, campanulate,
5 -cleft. Stamens 5, equal, inclosed; cells of anthers bursting
longitudinally. Style inclosed. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved,
dehiscing at top.
50 LEIOPHY'LIUM. Calyx deeply 5-parted, permanent. Co-
rolla 5-petalled. Stamens 10, exserted ; anthers lateral, de-
hiscing lengthwise inside. Capsule roundish, 5-celled, 5-valved,
dehiscing at the apex.
51 LE'DUM. Calyx minute, 4-toothed. Corolla 5-petalled,
spreading. Stamens 5-10, exserted ; anthers opening by 2
pores at the apex. Capsule subovate, 5-celled, 5-valved,
pedicellate, dehiscing at the base. Seeds ending in a wing at
both ends.
TRIBE III.
VACCINIE'^;. Anthers Z-celled. Ovarium adhering. Disk
perigynous, nectariferous. Fruit baccate. Buds naked. ?
scaly. ?
52 VACCINIUM. Limb of calyx 4-5-toothed. Corolla urceo-
late or campanulate, 4-5-cleft. Stamens 8-10, hypogynous.
Berry globose, 4-5-celled, many-seeded.
53 OXYCOCCUS. Calyx 4-cleft. Corolla 4-parted, with the
segments somewhat linear and revolute. Stamens 8 ; filaments
conniving ; anthers tubular, bipartite. Berry 4-celled, many-
seeded.
54 GAYLUSSA'CIA. Limb of calyx 5-cleft. Corolla tubular,
with a ventricose base and a 5-cleft limb. Stamens 10, in-
serted in the limb of the calyx ; anthers mutic, drawn out into
2 little tubes from the top. Stigma capitate. Berry nearly
globose, 10-celled ; cells 1-seeded.
55 THIBAU'DIA. Calyx urceolar, 5-lobed. Corolla tubular,
with a contracted 5-toothed mouth. Stamens 10, inserted in
the calyx, inclosed ; anthers elongated, mutic, drawn out into
2 little tubes at the apex. Berry 5-celled, many-seeded.
56 AOAPE'TES. Limb of calyx 5-cleft. Corolla tubular,
with a 5-cleft limb. Stamens 10, with very short flattened fila-
ments ; anthers mutic, very long, auricled at the base, exserted,
narrow, emarginate at the apex, with the cells confluent.
Stigma clavate. Berry 5-celled, many-seeded.
57 CERATOSTE'MMA. Limb of calyx large, 5-parted, folia-
ceous. Corolla tubular, contracted and 5-lobed at the apex.
Stamens 12, with very short, flattened, hairy filaments ; anthers
bluntly spurred at the base, having the cells elongated at the
apex and filiform, dehiscing by a terminal pore. Stigma simple.
Berry 5-celled, many-seeded.
TRIBE IV.
PYROLLE. Anthers Z-celled. Ovarium free. Disk hypogy-
nous, naked. Seeds peltate, samaroid. Embryo dicotyledonous.
— Perennial herbaceous plants.
58 PYROLA. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens
10, slightly united at the base. Style exserted. Stigma 5-
lobed. Capsule 5-celled, dehiscing at the angles near the base,
having the margins of the valves connected by intricate to-
mentum.
59 CHIMA'PHILA. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5. Stamens 10.
Style short, immersed in the germ. Stigma auriculate, orbicu-
lar, with a 5-lobed disk. Filaments stipitate ; stipe discoid,
ciliated. Capsule 5-celled, opening from the summit, with un-
connected margins.
60 MONE'SES. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla deeply 5-lobed.
Stamens recurved. Stigma radiate. Anthers 2-horned at the
base, becoming reversed, and opening at the bottom of each
horn. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, opening from the summit
with unconnected margins.
61 CLADOTHA'MNUS. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Anthers ad-
nate. Stamens 10. Stigma 5-lobed. Capsule 5-6-valved, 5-6-
celled ; margins of valves septiferous. Seeds small, involved in
a membranous aril.
TRIBE V.
MONOTROPE*:. Anthers \-celled. Ovarium free. Disk hy-
pogynous, naked. Seeds peltate. Embryo undivided. — Leafless
parasitical herbs.
62 HYPOPITYS. Calyx 3-5-parted. Corolla 4-5-petalled ;
petals or segments each with a cucullate nectariferous base.
Anthers small, horizontal, at length opening flat. Stigma orbi-
cular, with a bearded margin. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved,
many-seeded.
63 MONOIROPA. Calyx none. Corolla 5-petalled ; petals or
segments each with a cucullate nectariferous base ; anthers reni-
form, horizontal. Stigma orbicular, naked. Capsule 5-celled,
5-valved, many-seeded.
64 PTEROSPORA. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla ovate, with a
reflexed 5-toothed border. Anthers peltate, adnate to the fila-
ments by the margin, bisetose. Capsule 5-celled ; placenta 5-
lobed. Seeds terminated each by a wing.
65 SCHWEINITZIA. Calyx 5-cleft; segments concave, equal
with the corolla. Corolla campanulate, with a 5-cleft border.
Hypogynous disk 5-cleft. Anthers adnate to the filaments,
opening from the inverted base by two naked pores. Stigma
subglobose, internally 5-cleft. Capsule 5-celled. ? Seeds un-
known.
790
ERICACEAE. I. ERICA.
I. ERrCA (Erica of Pliny is altered from epciKr, of Theo-
phrastus, which is derived from iplKia, ertco, or iptiKw, ereico, to
break ; from the supposed quality of some species in breaking
the stone in the bladder). D. Don. in edinb. phil. journ. 17.
p. 152. — Erica species of Lin. and other authors.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, with a
naked base. Corolla globose or urceolate, with a 4-lobed limb.
Stamens inclosed ; filaments capillary ; anthers bifid ; cells of
anthers opening by an oblong hole, awned or crested at the base,
or mutic. Stigma peltate. Capsule 4-celled, many-seeded. —
Shrubs, natives of Europe and Africa. Leaves scattered or
verticillate, acerose. Flowers terminal, fascicled or racemose.
Pedicels scaly.
§ 1. Anthers awned at the base. Normal species.
* Leaves 3 in a whorl. Corollas campanulate.
1 E. UE'VIS (Andr. heath. 3. t. 6.) leaves glabrous, 3-4 in a
whorl, spreading ; branches slender ; flowers terminal by threes,
drooping ; corollas small, bell-shaped ; awns of anthers falcate,
fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab.
1393. E. cyathiformis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 376. Flowers
white. Plant glabrous, Anthers black. Perhaps only a variety
of E. persoluta.
Smooth Heath. Fl. March, July. Clt. 1801. Shrub 1 to 2
feet.
2 E. CALLOSA (Wendl. eric, ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 1 94.) leaves
3 in a whorl, linear-oblong, with revolute edges, spreading,
white beneath ; flowers terminal, usually by threes, erectish ;
calyx coloured, viscid ; corollas campanulate ; awns of anthers
short. lj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. E. cana-
liculata minor, Andr. heath. 3. t. 39. Corollas red.
Callous Heath. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. Shrub 1 foot.
3 E. DEPRE'SSA (Thunb. diss. no. 50. with a figure) ; leaves
glabrous, 3 in a whorl, linear, revolute ; flowers terminal ; co-
rolla bell-shaped ; spurs of anthers long, subulate and hairy ;
bracteas remote from the calyx. >j . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. E. rupestris, Andr. heath. 2. t. 9. E. humilis,
Salisb. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 329. Branches decumbent. Flowers
small, white.
Depressed Heath. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1789. Shrub de-
pressed.
4 E. NOLJEFI.6RA (Bedf. eric. wob. p. 16. but not of Sal.)
leaves 3 in a whorl, slightly hispid ; flowers subaxillary ; brac-
teas remote from the calyx ; corolla campanulate, with deep
segments ; anthers awned. Fj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica glomerata, Hort. Flowers white.
Bell-flowered Heath. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1818. Shrub.
5 E. SIC^EFOLIA (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 326.) leaves 3 in a
whorl, mucronate ; corolla If lines long, hairy outside, with a
cup-shaped tube ; flowers terminal ; spurs of anthers linear ;
fruit glabrous, Fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Dagger-leaved Heath. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. ? Shrub.
6 E. MONTA'NA (Bedf. eric. wob. p. 15.) leaves 3 in a whorl;
flowers axillary, by threes ; bracteas broad, approximating the
calyx, loose, angular ; corolla bell-shaped ; anthers awned ;
style inclosed. Pj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
E. confertifolia, Wendl. ? Flowers purplish-red.
Mountain Heath. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1818. Shrub.
7 E. VILLOSIU'SCULA (Locld. bot. cab. 1844.) hairy; leaves
acicular, ciliated with long hairs ; flowers disposed in racemose
terminal fascicles ; corollas campanulate. Fj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, pale red. Anthers
unknown.
Rather-villous Heath. Fl.? Clt.? Shrub.
8 E. AMOZNA (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 329.) leaves lanceo-
late, 3 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ; corolla bell-shaped ;
bracteas remote from the calyx ; anthers awned, glabrous. Fj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica incarnata, Thunb.
diss. 84. Flowers small, reddish-purple. Corolla 4-5 lines
long.
Pleasant Heath. Fl. April, July. Clt. ? Shrub.
9 E. ASSU'RGENS (Hortul. Bedf. hort. eric. wob. p. 2.)
leaves 3-4 in a whorl, villous ; flowers terminal ; corolla bell-
shaped ; bracteas approximating the calyx ; anthers awned. Fj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white.
Branches villous. Style inclosed.
Aspiring-branched. Heath. Fl. March, Sept. Clt. 1821.
Shrub 1 foot.
10 DEFLE'XA (Bedf. hort. eric. wob. p. 8.) leaves 3 in a whorl,
rough ; flowers terminal, umbellate ; corolla deflexed, open-
bell-shaped ; bracteas minute, remote from the calyx ; anthers
awned. Fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
white. Style exserted.
Deflexed-fiowered Heath. Fl. July. Clt. 1810. Shrub 1
to 2 feet.
HE. OBTU'SA (Lodd. bot. cab. 1027.) glabrous; leaves 3 in
a whorl, obtuse ; flowers terminal, by threes ; corollas campanu-
late; genitals inclosed. F; . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Corolla red.
Blunt.leaved Heath. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1810. Shrub.
12 E. GLOMERA'TA (Lodd. ex Bedf. eric. wob. p. 1 1.) leaves 3 in
a whorl ; flowers terminal, capitate ; corolla small, bell-shaped ;
bracteas approximating the calyx ; anthers awned. Fj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, purplish-
red. Style exserted.
Glomerated-Qovrered Heath. Fl. Spring. Clt. 1780. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
13 E. VERNA'LIS (Lodd. bot. cab. 1608.) glabrous; leaves 3
in a whorl ; flowers terminal ; corollas campanulate ; style ex-
serted. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
purplish-red. Anthers unknown.
Vernal Heath. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1827. Shrub 2 to
3 feet.
14 E. PARVIFLORA (Bedf. hort. eric. wob. p. 17.) leaves 3 in
a whorl ; flowers terminal, almost sessile ; corolla campanulate ;
bracteas remote from the calyx ; anthers awned. Fj . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, reddish-
purple. Style inclosed.
Small-homered Heath. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1814. Shrub
1 foot.
15 E. TE'NUIS (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 329.) leaves 3
in a whorl, linear, glabrous ; flowers terminal, subsolitary ;
bracteas remote from the calyx ; corolla bell-shaped ; anthers
awned ; style exserted. Fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica divaricate, Hort. Bedf. eric. wob. p. 8. Flowers
white. Awns of anthers linear, attenuated ; filaments very
short.
Slender Heath. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1 ft.
16 E. SCHOLLIA'NA (Lodd. bot. cab. 538.) leaves alternate,
scattered ; flowers subterminal and axillary ; corolla campa-
nulate ; bracteas remote from the calyx, anthers awned. Jj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purple, droop-
ing, and are as well as the calyxes coloured. Style inclosed.
Scholl's Heath. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. Shrub 1 to 2
feet.
17 E. ACTS:' A (Bedf. hort. eric. wob. p. 1.) leaves 3 in a
whorl, glabrous ; flowers terminal ; bracteas remote from the
calyx ; corolla oblong-bell-shaped ; anthers awned. Fj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Lachnea, Hort.
but not of Andr. Corollas white. Style exserted.
Heath. Fl. April. June. Clt. ? Shrub.
ERICACEAE. I. ERICA.
791
* * Leaves 3 in a tvhorl. Corollas urceolaie.
18 E. PCBE'SCENS (Lin. spec. 506.) leaves linear, 3 in a whorl,
downy ; flowers terminal ; pedicels hardly the length of the
flowers ; corolla 2 lines long, urceolate, downy both inside and
outside ; spurs of anthers short. f? . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. E. pubescens, var. pilosa, Thunb. eric. no. 61.
E. pallida, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 326. Sides of calyx redupli-
cate. Flowers pale red. Style inclosed.
Downy Heath. Fl. Year. Cult. 1790. Shrub 1 foot.
19 E. HIRTA (Thunb. eric. no. 56. t. 2.) leaves 3 in a whorl,
linear, bristly ; flowers terminal ; pedicels more than twice the
length of the flowers ; corolla 3 lines long, downy outside, with
an urceolar tube ; spurs of anthers linear attenuated. \ . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. E. dura, Hort. E. urceo-
laris, Sal. in Lin. trans, p. 326. Corolla pale green, with
greenish yellow apex. Style inclosed.
Hairy Heath. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1 to 2
feet.
20 E. SUAVE'OLENS (Lodd. hot. cab. t. 24.) leaves 3 in a
whorl, oblong-lanceolate, ciliated ; flowers terminal ; bracteas
remote from the calyx ; corolla urceolate ; anthers a little ex-
serted, black ; style much exserted. J? . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers pale red.
Sweet-scented Heath. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
21 E. GRANDINOSA (Lodd. bot. cab. 627.) glabrous ; leaves
linear, 3 in a whorl ; flowers terminal, drooping, by threes ; co-
rolla irregularly ovate, inflated, small ; anthers awned ; calyx
reflexed. Fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Bedf.
hort. eric. wob. p. 11. Flowers small, white. Style in-
closed.
Hail-stone-fiovfered Heath. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1810.
Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
22 E. INCU'RVA (Andr. heath. 3. t. 1 .) leaves linear, 3 in a
whorl, rather falcate, with revolute ciliated edges ; flowers ter-
minal by threes ; calyx ciliated ; corolla globose ; anthers
awned. ^ • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. E. cam-
pylophylla, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 190. Plant downy. Flowers
small, red. Style exserted.
/ncMriW-leaved Heath. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1802.
Shrub 1 foot.
23 E. GLOBOSA (Andr. heath. 3. t. 24.) leaves linear-lanceo-
late, oblong, 3-4 in a whorl, ciliated, recurved ; flowers terminal,
aggregate, drooping ; corollas globose ; calyx coloured, beset
with glandular hairs ; awns of anthers small. ^ • G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, pink.
G7oi<we-flowered Heath. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1789. Shrub.
24 E. TUBIU'SCULA (Bedf. hort. eric. wob. p. 26.) downy ;
leaves 3 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ; corollas tubular, very
small ; anthers awned ; bracteas remote from the flower, fj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab.
1157. E. pubescens minima, Andr. heath. 2. t. 8. Flowers
small, purplish red. E. pubescens, Wendl. eric. p. 8. no. 7.
Style inclosed.
Small tubular-fioviered Heath. Fl. Feb. April. Clt. 1800.
Shrub 1 foot.
25 E. ARTICULA'RIS (Thunb. diss.no. 58. but not of Lin.) leaves
3 in a whorl, cuneate or ovate, glabrous ; flowers spicate ; corolla
globose ; spurs rising from the middle of the filaments, not from
the anthers. ^ • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sims,
bot. mag. 423. E. retroflexa, Wendl. eric. 8. p. 7. with a
figure. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 401. E. pulchella, Andr. heath.
1. t. 2. Lodd. bot. cab. 307. but not of Thunb. E. caduceifera,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 370. Flowers small, purplish red.
Jointed Heath. Fl. Aug. Feb. Clt. 1792. Shrub 1 foot.
26 E. FYGMJG'A (Andr. heaths, vol. 4. icon.) leaves 3 in a
whorl, subulate, glabrous, squarrose ; branches decumbent ;
flowers terminal, generally by fours, downy ; calyxes short,
adpressed ; corolla globose ; anthers awned. Jj . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. E. sanguinolenta, Ker. in bot.
mag. 2263. Lodd. bot. cab. 468. Flowers small, blood-red
or purple. Bracteas remote from the calyx. Style inclosed.
Dwarf Heath. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1806. Shrub procum-
bent.
27 E. URCEOLA'RIS (Berg. pi. cap. p. 107. Ait. hort. kew.
pi. 16. Wendl. eric. no. 9. p. 11.) downy; leaves 3 in a
whorl, linear-lanceolate, spreading ; flowers terminal ; bracteas
remote from the calyx ; awns of anthers glabrous ; corolla
ovate, downy outside, tj . G Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 1894. E. pentaphylla, Lin. spec. ed.
2. p. 506. E. Caffra, Lin. spec. ed. 1st. and 2d. E. lamel-
laris, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 327. Corolla white, 3 lines long,
with a pyramidal tube. Style inclosed.
Z/rceo/ar-flowered Heath. Fl.
28 E. TOMENTOSA (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 327.) clothed
with hoary tomentum ; leaves 3 in a whorl, narrow-linear, cili-
ated, imbricated ; flowers terminal by threes ; calyx flatfish,
fringed; corolla ]| line long, tomentose both inside and out-
side ; spurs of anthers long, recurved. Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Bracteas situated at the base of the pedi-
cels, and are, as well as the calyxes and corollas, purple.
Tomentose Heath. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1798. Shrub.
29 E. ALOPECURoloES (Wendl. eric. no. 20. p. 119.) leaves
linear, 3 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ; corollas ovate ; bracteas
remote from the calyx ; anthers awned. ^ . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. p. 874. Flowers small,
purplish red. Plant downy. Calyx coloured, ciliated. Style
inclosed.
Fox-toil Heath. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1810. Shrub 1 foot.
30 E. ADENOPHORA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 188.) leaves 3 in a
whorl, glandularly hispid, spreading, remotish ; flowers terminal,
aggregate, glabrous ; calyxes viscid, coloured, adpressed. t? .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Anthers awned. Co-
rollas urceolate.
Gland-bearing Heath. Shrub.
31 E. LACHNE^FOLIA (Salisb. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 335. Ait.
hort. kew. 2. p. 387.) leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate, obtuse, imbri-
cated, downy ; flowers terminal, sub-capitate,; corolla ovate, 2
lines long, with a recurved limb ; spurs of anthers long and
narrow-cuneated, smooth. \i . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. E. lachnese, Andr. heaths. 3. t. 2. Flowers
middle-sized, white. Style exserted.
Lachncea-leaved Heath. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1793. Shrub
1 foot.
32 E. PEZ!ZA (Lodd. bot. cab. t. 265.) glabrous; leaves 3 in a
whorl ; flowers terminal ; corolla globosely campanulate ; brac-
teas remote from the calyx ; anthers awned. fj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Bedf. eric. wob. p. 3. f. 1. E.
nivalis, Andr. heath, vol. 4. Flowers small, white, downy.
Genitals inclosed.
Pezi'za-flowered Heath. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812. Shrub
1 foot.
33 E. PULVERULE'NTA (Bedf. eric. wob. 20.) clothed with
powdery down ; leaves 3 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ; corollas
ovate ; bracteas imbricate ; anthers awned. >j . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish-red. Style
inclosed.
Powdery Heath. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub.
34 E.PURIALIS (Bedf. I.e.) leaves 3 in a whorl; flowers termi-
nal ; corolla globose ; anthers awned, a little exserted. t; . H.
792
ERICACEAE. I. ERICA.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers reddish-purple,
small. Style exserted.
Fiery Heath. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1810. Shrub 1 foot.
35 E. REGE'RMINANS (Lin. syst. 364. Thunb. 35. no. 54.)
leaves linear, recurved, 3 in a whorl ; flowers pedicellate,
drooping, semi-lateral : bracteas remote ; corollas ovate-globu-
lar ; anthers awned. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 1728. Erica uncifolia, Sal. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 369. Flowers small, pale red. Spurs of anthers
very long.
Regerminating Heath. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1791. Shrub
li foot.
36 E. RUBE'LLA (Lodd. bot. cab. 658. Sims, bot. mag. 2165.)
leaves 3 in a whorl ; flowers terminal, capitate ; corolla ovate,
ventricose, length of calyx ; bracteas approximating the calyx.
fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small,
purplish-red. Style inclosed.
Reddish-fiowered Heath. Fl. Summer. Clt. 1814. Shrub.
37 E. SCABIU'SCULA (Link. enum. 1. p. 372. Lodd. bot.
cab. t. 517.) leaves 3-4 in a whorl, obtuse, beset with glandular
hairs ; flowers terminal ; corollas ovate ; bracteas approximate
to the calyx ; anthers awned. Tj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Flowers small, silky white or red, sessile.
Style inclosed.
Roughish Heath. Fl. April. Clt. 1810. Shrub 1 foot.
* * * Leaves 4 in a rvhorl. Corollas campanulate.
38 E. PERSOLU'TA (Lin. mant. 230. diss. no. 16. with a
figure,) leaves 4 in a whorl, short, linear, glabrous ; corolla
campanulate, with deep acute segments ; flowers terminal ;
branches downy or hairy ; spurs of anthers straight ; fruit
hairy, fy . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Curt.
bot. mag. 324. E. subdivaricata, Berg. fl. cap. p. 114. E.
prolifera, Sal. in Lin.
heath. 1. t. 4. E. strigosa,
trans. 6. p. 376.
Wendl. eric.
E.
fasc.
Caffra, Andr.
2. p. 25. with
a figure. Willd. spec. 2. p. 365. Corollas small, bell-shaped,
white, 1-j line long. Style inclosed.
Var. ft, rubra (Hort.) ; flowers red. Tj . G. E. persoluta,
Curt; bot. mag. 324. Pedicels bibracteate in the middle.
Var. y, spicata (Hort.) ; flowers spicate, white.
Accomplished Heath. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 ft.
89 E. STRIGOSA (Sol. in Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 404.) leaves
4 in a whorl, linear, bluntish, downy, ciliated ; branches vil-
lous ; flowers axillary, aggregate ; calycine segments villous,
adpressed ; corolla campanulate ; spurs of anthers subulate,
hairy. tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. E. axil-
laris, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 325. E. arborea, Thunb. diss. no.
63. Bracteas 2, minute. Corolla 1 ^ lines long, smooth. There
are white and purple flowered varieties of this species. Corolla
campanulate. Style exserted.
Strigose Heath. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1775. Shrub 1 to 2
feet.
40 E. NEGLE'CTA ; glabrous ; leaves linear, 4 in a whorl, ad-
pressed ; corolla campanulate ; anthers awned. Ij . G. Native
E. gracilis, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p.
Wendl. eric. 8. p. 9. with a
of the Cape of Good Hope.
404. Willd. spec. 2. p. 363
figure. Flowers small, red.
Neglected Heath. Fl. year.
Clt. 1794. Shrub 1 foot.
41 E. LASIOPHY'LLA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 195.) leaves 4 in a
whorl, linear, scabrous, glandularly ciliated, spreading, aristate
at the apex ; flowers racemose, drooping ; calyx adpressed ; co-
rolla campanulate ; anthers awned. Ij . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers reddish-purple. Style inclosed.
Woolly-leaved Heath. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 181C. Shrub 1
to 2 feet.
42 E. FLORIBU'NDA (Lodd. bot. cab. 176.) glabrous; leaves
4 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ; corolla bell-shaped, open ;
anthers awned. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Flowers small, axillary and terminal, pale red. Style ex-
serted.
Bundle-flowered Heath. Fl. April, May. Shrub.
43 E. PELVIFORMIS (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 376.) leaves 4 in
a whorl ; flowers terminal ; pedicels hardly pubescent ; corolla
}^ line long, with a bowl-formed tube, and with the interstices
of the limb oval at the base ; spurs of anthers falcate. Tj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica persoluta, Thunb.
diss. no. 62. Curt. bot. mag. no. 342. E. viridipurpurea, Lin.
diss. no. 9. with a flower. E. Mauritanica, Lin. syst. nat. ed.
10. p. 1002. There are varieties of this with either white or
purple flowers.
Bonl-formed-GowereA Heath. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
44 E. QUADRJEFLORA (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 375.) stem
glabrous ; leaves 4 in a whorl ; flowers terminal, by fours ; co-
rolla 1| line long, with a cup-shaped tube, and an erect limb ;
spurs of anthers lanceolate-cuneated. >? . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. E. quadrangularis, Sal. prod. p. 297.
Four-flowered Heath. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
45 E. LEUCA'NTHA ; leaves 4 in a whorl ; flowers terminal,
umbellate ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; corolla bell-
shaped ; anthers awned. h . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. E. regerminans, Andr. heath, vol. 4. but not of Lin.
Flowers small, white. Style a little exserted.
White-flowered Heath. Fl. Dec. Jan. Clt. 1810. Shrub 1
foot.
* * * Leaves 4 in a whorl. Corollas urceolate.
46 E. TE'TRALIX (Lin. spec. ed. 2d. p. 507.) leaves ciliated,
4 in a whorl ; calyx adpressed ; flowers capitate, terminal ; co-
rolla ovate-globose, downy at top, outside; spurs of anthers lan-
ceolate. ^ . H. Native of the north of Europe, in boggy or
moorish ground ; plentiful in Britain. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 1 . t.
21. Smith, engl. bot. 1314. Fl. dan. 81. E. botuliformis,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 4. p. 369. E. Barbarica, Rai. syn. 471.
E. putnila, Park, theatr. 1483. no. 5. E. tetralix rubra, Bedf.
hort. eric. wob. p. 25. Corollas 3 lines long, pale red. — Plant
of greyish hue.
Var. ft, alba (Bedf. hort. eric. wob. p. 25.) flowers white.
Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 393.
Besom Heath. Fl. July, Sept. Britain. Shrub -J to 1
foot.
47 E. BLANDFORDIA'NA (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 392.) leaves
linear, 4 in a whorl, spreading ; flowers terminal, almost solitary ;
corolla ovate-globose, or urceolar ; anthers awned. ^ • G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Curt. bot. mag. 1793.
Lodd. bot. cab. 115. E. Blandfordia, Andr. heath. 3. t. 8.
Corollas yellow, small. In the hortus eric. wob. the anthers
are said to be mutic ; this must be wrong.
Blandford's Heath. Fl. March, June. Clt. 1803. Shrub
1 foot.
48 E. HIRTIFLORA (Sims, bot. mag. 481. Lodd. bot. cab.
1812.) leaves linear, hairy, 4 in a whorl ; flowers terminal, um-
bellate, downy ; corolla ovate-globose, with an erect limb ; an-
thers awned ; fruit glabrous, tj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. E. mitrSeformis, Salisb. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 372.
E. pubescens, Andr. heath. 1. t. 5. E. pubescens, var. hispida,
Thunb. eric. no. 61. Corollas purple, small.
Hairy-flowered Heath. Fl. Aug. Feb. Clt. 1790. Shrub
If foot.
49 E. TARDIFI ORA (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 373.) leaves 4 in
ERICACEAE. I. ERICA.
793
a whorl, linear, revolute, downy ; flowers terminal, umbellate ;
corollas urceolate, downy, with a short recurved limb ; anthers
awned ; fruit hairy. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. E. pubescens, Curt. bot. mag. 480. E. hirtiflora, ft,
Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 406. Calyxes adpressed, narrow, ovate,
cuneated. Corollas red. Style inclosed.
Late-flowered Heath. Fl. year. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1 to 2
feet.
50 E. CANE'SCENS (Wendl. eric, ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 195.)
leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, canescent, erect; flowers terminal,
sessile ; corolla urceolately-campanulate ; calyxes foliaceous,
ovate, acuminated, adpressed ; awns of anthers linear. ^ . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. E. pubescens minor, Andr.
heath. 2. t. 7. E. exigua, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 373. E.
pubescens parviflora, Thunb. diss. no. 61. Corolla with an
oval tube, and a short limb. Flowers small, pale purple.
Canescent Heath. Fl. Oct. March. Clt. 1790. Shrub 1
foot.
51 E. PUSILLA (Salisb. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 374.) downy;
leaves 4 in a whorl ; calyxes adpressed, broad, ovate-cuneated ;
corollas very small, downy, with a cup-shaped tube, and the
limb the length of the tube ; anthers awned ; fruit glabrous,
fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Baay Fals.
Flowers terminal.
Least Heath. Shrub.
52 E. CONICA (Lodd. bot. cab. 1179.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
linear, glabrous; flowers axillary, racemose; genitals inclosed.
\l . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish-
red.
Conical-flowered Heath. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub.
53 E. PUBIGERA (Sal. in. Lin. trans. C. p. 372.) downy ;
leaves 4 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ; calyxes spreading, ovate-
acuminated ; corolla 1-J line long, downy, with a longish re-
curved obtuse limb ; anthers awned ; fruit hairy. Tj . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope, on Mount Tafielberg.
Down-bearing Heath. Shrub.
54 E. CATERV-SFLORA (Sal. 1. c.) hairy ; leaves 4 in a whorl ;
stem angular ; flowers terminal ; corolla 2 lines long, downy,
with a narrow obovate tube ; anthers awned, dehiscing by long
holes. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the sum-
mit of Mount TafFelberg. E. pubescens villosa, Thunb. diss.
no. 61.
Company-flmvered Heath. Shrub.
55 E. TURBINIFLORA (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 377.) stem gla-
brous ; leaves 4 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ; corolla 1 \ line
long, smooth, with a turbinate 8-angled tube, and an incurved
limb; spurs of anthers glabrous. Tj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Flowers pale purple.
Top-flowered Heath. Fl. Feb. Oct. Clt. 1793. Shrub.
56 E. TRAGULIFERA (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 374.) leaves 4
in a whorl ; flowers terminal ; calyx imbricate ; corolla 2 ^ lines
long, with an urceolar tube, and a recurved limb : anthers hairy,
broadly foraminose ; spurs hairy. Pj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope.
Beard-bearing Heath. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
57 E. PLUMOSA (Andr. heath. 2. t. 6.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
linear, hairy, erect, imbricated ; flowers disposed in axillary
whorls ; corolla ovate-globose ; calyxes hairy ; anthers awned.
Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica amce na,
Wendl. eric. 17. p. 73. Corollas purplish-red. Branches erect.
Style exserted.
Feathered Heath. Fl. March, July. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1
foot.
58 E. TENUISSIMA (Wendl. eric. fasc. 6. p. 9. with a figure)
leaves 4 in a whorl, linear-filiform, glabrous, erect, somewhat
imbricated; flowers terminal, aggregate; calyx short, naked;
VOL. III.
corolla urceolate, with an erectish limb ; anthers appendiculate.
If . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers red.
Slenderest Heath. Fl. Feb. Aug. Clt. 1803. Shrub 1 ft.
59 E. CURVIROSTRIS (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 375.) leaves 4 in
a whorl, linear ; flowers terminal : calyxes adpressed ; corolla
Inline long, with a spherical tube; spurs of anthers downy;
style curved. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Curved-beaked Heath. Shrub.
60 E. PILULIFERA (Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 507.) leaves 4 in a
whorl, linear, glabrous, ciliated ; flowers terminal ; corollas glo-
bose, 2-j lines long, having the tube length of the calyx ; caly-
cine segments ovate, acuminated, deeper coloured at the apex ;
spurs of anthers linear-attenuated ; fruit glabrous. Ij . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. E. nudicaulis, Berg. pi.
cap. p. 113. E. piluliformis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 370.
Flowers red. Style exserted.
Pill-bearing Heath. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1789. Shrub 1
foot.
61 E. IMBECILLA (Hort. Loud. hort. brit. no. 9716. p. 150.)
leaves 4 in a whorl; bracteas remote from the calyx; calyx
minute ; flowers terminal ; corolla with an oval tube and a re-
curved limb ; spurs of anthers linear-attenuated, hairy. I? . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. E. gracilis, Salisb. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 375. Flowers small, red or purple.
Weak Heath. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1793. Shrub 1 foot.
62 E. INTERVAUA^RIS (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 375.) stem
slender ; leaves 4 in a whorl, remote ; flowers terminal ; corolla
1-J to 2 lines long, with an ovate-cylindrical tube, and a broad
mouth ; anthers awned ; pericarp hairy. Tj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica elongata, Roxb. mss. Flowers
small, red, drooping. — A very pretty species.
Distant-leaved Heath. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
63 E. MUCOSA (And. heath. 1. t. 6.) leaves 4 in a whorl, gla-
brous ; flowers terminal ; corollas globose, viscid, having the
interstices of the limb rather tumid ; calycine segments ovate,
obtuse, coloured, tipped with green ; anthers awned. Jj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 35. Icon,
pi. kew. t. 15. Flowers pale purplish- red. Corolla with the
tube more or less obovate. Style inclosed.
Mucous-fiovrereA Heath. Fl. March, July. Clt. 1787.
Shrub 1| foot.
64 E. MUCOSIOIDES (Bedf. hort. eric. wob. p. 15.) leaves
short, 4 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ; corollas globose ; caly-
cine segments coloured, tipped with green ; anthers awned. I? .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab 1202.
Flowers small, purplish red. Style inclosed.
Mucosa-like Heath. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. ? Shrub.
65 E. LATERA'LIS (Willd. spec. 2. p. 380. but not of Andr.)
leaves 4 in a whorl, linear-attenuated, glabrous ; flowers termi-
nal ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; calycine segments cili-
ated ; corolla conical, having the segments anointed with drops
of waxy matter at top; crests of anthers downy. J? . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. E. gullseflora, Sal. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 374. Corollas small, red. Style exserted.
Var. a. ; stem fastigiate ; corolla 1 or \\ line long, with a
hemispherical tube ; stigma much exserted. J; . G. E. late-
ralis, Willd. 1. c.
Var. ft ; stem low ; corolla 2 lines long, with an ovate tube ;
stigma hardly exserted. T? . G. E. incarnata, Andr. heath. 1 .
t. 19. Lodd. bot. cab. 1655.
Far. y ; stem dwarf; corolla 2^ lines long, with an ovate
tube ; stigma a little exserted. Pj . G. E. rubens hiimilis,
Wendl. eric. fasc. 3. p. 13. with a figure.
Lateral Heath. Fl. March, July. Clt. 1791. Shrub \\
to 2 feet.
66 E. FE'STA (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 371.) leaves 4 in a
5 I
794
ERICACEAE. I. ERICA.
whorl ; stem angular ; flowers axillary at the tops of the
branches ; corolla viscid, 2^ lines long, with a narrow urceolate
tube ; filaments mutic ; anthers appendiculate. fj . G. Native
of New Holland. Flowers fulvous.
Joyful Heath. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1812. Shrub.
67 E. CANTHARJEFORMIS (Lodd. bot. cab. 1961.) leaves ob-
tuse ; flowers terminal ; pedicels about 3 together ; calyx re-
flexed ; corolla ovate, ventricose. fy . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Flowers white. Anthers unknown. Nearly
allied to E. reflexa.
Tankard-formed-Rowered Heath. Fl. May, June. Clt. ?
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
68 E. BONPLANDIA' NA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 2126.) leaves 4 in
a whorl, imbricate, acerose ; flowers terminating the small
branches, solitary or by threes, sessile ; bracteas close to the
calyx ; corolla large, with an urceolar tube, and an acute
spreading limb ; genitals inclosed, t? . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. Perhaps a species of
Calluta.
Var. [},fusca; flowers buff-coloured.
Var. 7, aurdntia ; corolla orange-coloured, with an ovate-
globose tube ; anthers a little exserted. fj . G. Erica Bon-
plandia, Lodd. bot. cab. 345. Bedf. eric. wob. p. 4.
JBonpland's Heath. Fl. March, Sept. Clt. 1812. Shrub.
69 E. CUPRESSINA (Hort. Bedf. hort. eric. wob. p. 6. pi. 3.
f. 10.) leaves 4 in a whorl, slightly ciliated ; flowers terminal ;
corolla ovate-globose : bracteas remote from the calyx ; calyx
recurved ; anthers awned. \~f . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. E. turngera, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 377. E. procum-
bens, Hort. Flowers middle-sized, pale purplish-red. Corolla
'2 lines long, with a hemispherical tube, and with the segments
imbricate at the base.
Cypress-Ulie Heath. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
70 E. MODE'STA (Bedf. eric. wob. p. 15. but not of Salisb.)
leaves 4 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ; corolla globose ; brac-
teas approximating the calyx ; anthers awned. Tj . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, purplish-red.
Style inclosed.
Modest Heath. Fl. April, May. Shrub.
71 E. MOLLIS (Bedf. eric. wob. p. 15.) downy ; leaves 4
in a whorl ; flowers terminal ; bracteas remote from the calyx ;
corollas globose ; anthers awned. Tj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Flowers purplish-red. Style inclosed.
Soft Heath. Fl. May. Clt. 1790. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
72 E. OL'LULA (And. heath, vol. 4.) leaves 4 in a whorl, ses-
sile, crowded, linear, glabrous ; flowers terminal, umbellate ;
corollas ovate-globose ; awns of anthers recurved. f; . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers reddish-purple.
Style inclosed.
Pipkin-flowered Heath. Fl. Autumn. Clt. 1802. Shrub 2
feet.
73 E. SUBULA'IA (Wendl. eric, ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 190.)
leaves 4 in a whorl, linear-subulate, a little incurved, elongated ;
branches rather hairy; flowers terminal, crowded; corolla urceo-
late ; calyxes subulate, aclpressed ; anthers awned. *j . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purple. Style
exserted.
Subulate-]eaved Heath. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1817. Shrub.
74 E. FLORIDA (Thunb. diss. 64. t. 6.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
linear, pilose ; flowers terminal, umbellate, glabrous ; calyxes
villous, reflexed ; corollas 2 lines long, urceolate ; awns of an-
thers lanceolate, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Corolla red, with a globose tube, and the segments imbricate at
the base. Bracteas very minute. Style inclosed.
Florid Heath. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1803. Shrub 1 foot.
75 E. SMITHIA'NA (Lold. bot. cab. 1614. Bedf. eric. wob. p.
23.) leaves 4 in a whorl ; flowers subterminal, axillary, droop-
ing ; corolla globosely bell-shaped ; bracteas remote from the
calyx ; anthers awned. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Flowers purplish-red.
Smith's Heath. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1791. Shrub 1 to 2
feet.
76 E. CORIFOLIA (Bedf. hort. eric. wob. p. 29. but not of
Ait. hort. kew.) leaves 4 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ; corolla
ovate ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; anthers awned ;
style inclosed. Fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Flowers white. Style inclosed.
Coris-leaved Heath. Fl. Autumn. Clt. ? Shrub.
77 E. PECTINIFOLIA (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 367.) leaves 4 in
a whorl, narrow, ovate-cuneated, pectinated ; flowers terminal ;
calycine segments spatulate ; corolla 5-7 lines long, woolly in-
side ; anthers inclosed, appendiculate. ^ • G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica cerinthoides j8, Thunb. diss.
no. S3.
Pectinate- leaved Heath. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
§ 2. Anthers crested.
* Leaves 3 in a whorl. Corollas campanulate.
78 E. NIVEA (Bedf. hort. eric. wob. p. 16.) leaves 3 in a whorl,
glabrous ; flowers terminal ; corolla bell-shaped ; bracteas re-
mote from and approximating the calyx, large, loose ; calyx
large ; anthers crested. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Flowers pure white. Style subexserted.
Snomy-Qowered Heath. Fl. Summer. Clt. 1816. Shrub 1
to 2 feet.
79 E. LEUCANTHE'RA (Lin. suppl. p. 223. Andr. heath. 3. t.
15.) glabrous; leaves 3 in a whorl, erect; branches twiggy:
flowers terminal, drooping ; peduncles glabrous ; bracteas re-
mote from and approximating the calyx ; corolla oblong-bell-
shaped, having the limb as long as the tube; anthers cre>ted.
Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. E. spiraeaefolia,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 350. Corollas 1-J line long, white as
well as the anthers. There is a variety of this, which is rather
downy, and larger in the flowers. Style inclosed.
Wlute-anthered Heath. Fl. Jan. March. Clt. 1 803. Shrub
1 foot.
80 E. ARBOREA (Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 502.) leaves 3-4 in a
whorl, linear, glabrous ; branches tomentose ; bracteas remote
from the calyx ; flowers axillary, racemose, glabrous ; corolla
bell-shaped; anthers crested. Ij.H. Native of the south of
Europe. Ait. hort. kew. ed. p. 402. Smith, et Sibth. fl.
graec. t. 351. E. scoparia, Thunb. diss. no. 80. E. Caflfra,
Lin. diss. no. 22. with a figure. E. triflora, Berg. pi. cap. p.
118. E. scoparia, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 353. exclusive of the
synonymes. E. procera, Salisb. in Lin. trans. 328. Flowers
white, small. Corolla 2 lines long. Style exserted.
Var. ft, stylosa ; style very long.
Var. 7, squarrbsa (Hort.) leaves squarrose.
Var. S, minima (Hortul.) plants small.
Tree Heath. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1658. Tree 10 to 20
feet.
81 E. POLYTRICHIFOLIA (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 329.) leaves
3-5 in a whorl ; stem tomentose ; flowers terminal ; bracteas
remote from the calyx ; calyxes gradually narrowed at the base ;
corolla 1-2 lines long ; spurs of anthers cuneated. (j . G. Na-
tive of Portugal, about Lisbon. Fruit pear-shaped. Perhaps
only a variety of E. arborea.
Polytrichum-leaved Heath. Shrub.
82 E. LU'CIDA (Andr. heaths. 2. t. 16.) leaves 3 in a whorl,
filiform; branches spreading; flowers terminal, by threes ; co-
12
ERICACEAE. I. ERICA.
795
rollas short, bell-shaped, subglobose ; calyx coloured, bracteate,
serrulated ; bracteas imbricate, sessile. Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, reddish purple. Awns
of anthers a little crested. Style exserted.
Shining Heath. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1| ft.
* * Leaves 3 in a whorl. Corollas urceolate.
83 E. NITIDA (Andr. heath. 3. t. 18.) leaves 3 in a whorl,
scabrous, spreading ; flowers terminal, drooping; pedicels downy ;
bracteas sessile, close to the calyx ; corollas urceolately globose;
anthers crested. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Lodd. bot. bot. cab. 1131. E. reflexa rubra, Hort. Flowers
white, tinged with red. Style exserted.
Nitid Heath. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1800. Shrub 2 feet.
84 E. PEDUNCULA'RIS (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 329.) leaves 3
in a whorl, linear, hispid ; flowers terminal ; corolla 3 lines long,
with a globose tube ; anthers woolly, dehiscing by long chinks,
crested, f? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. E. ru-
bens, Thunb. diss. no. 83. but not of Andr. Pedicels an inch
long. Flowers purplish red.
Peduncular-flowered Heath. Shrub.
85 E. FAU'STA (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 326.) leaves 3 in a
whorl, bristly ; flowers terminal ; corolla 2^ lines long, downy
outside, with an urceolate tube ; spurs of anthers serrated, at-
tenuated, crested. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Very like E. hirta, Thunb. Flowers pale purple.
Fortunate Heath. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1 to
2 feet.
86 E. INCA'NA (Wendl. eric. fasc. 18. p. 89. with a figure.)
leaves 3 in a whorl, linear-oblong, obtuse, hairy, white beneath ;
bracteas remote from the calyx ; flowers terminal, downy ; co-
rolla urceolate ; anthers awned. Ij . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Flowers white. There is also a red-flowered
variety of this species. Style exserted.
Hoary Heath. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1810. Shrub H foot.
87 E. OVA'TA (Lodd. bot. cab. 417.) downy; leaves 3 in a
whorl ; flowers terminal ; bracteas remote from the calyx ;
corollas ovate ; awns of anthers crested a little. ^ . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish red. Style
inclosed.
Owzte-flowered Heath. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1811. Shrub
1 foot.
88 E. REFLE'xA(Link, enum. 1 p. 371. Lodd. bot. cab. 1787.)
leaves 3 in a whorl, glabrous, lanceolate, obtuse ; flowers ter-
minal, usually 3 in a fascicle ; calyx, bracteas, and pedicels
coloured ; corolla ovate, ventricose at the base, clammy ; crests
of anthers plumose. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Calyx spreading. Corollas white, waxy, middle sized. Anthers
black. Very nearly allied to E. nitida, and probably only a
variety of it. The young leaves are said by Link to be glandu-
larly ciliated. Style inclosed.
Reflexed-ca.lyx.ed Heath. Fl. Spring and Autumn. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 1 foot.
89 E. CINE'REA (Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 501.) leaves 3 in a whorl;
corolla ovate-urceolate ; flowers verticillate, on the naked stems ;
crests of anthers ear-formed. Tj . H. Native of Europe, but
not in the south, nor in the extreme north ; plentiful in Britain.
Curt. fl. lend. fasc. 1. t. 25. Loefl. res. p. 137. Smith, engl. bot.
t. 1015. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 392. Fl. dan. 38. E. mutabilis,
Salisb. in Lin. trans. 4. p. 369. E. humilis, Neck. gall. 182.
E. tenuifolia, Ger. 1198. emac. 1382. E. einerea rubra, Bedf.
hort. eric, woburn. p. 5. Corolla 3 lines long, purple, changing
to blue as they fade. This is easily distinguished from E. te-
tralix, in the glabrous deep green hue, and deep purple
flowers.
Far. (3, atropurpurea (Lodd. bot. cab. 1409.) plant dwarf;
flowers deeper purple.
Var. y, alba (Bedf. 1. c.) flowers white.
Far. S, pdllida (Lodd. bot. cab. 1507.) flowers pale purple.
Grey Heath. Fl. Aug. Sept. Britain. Shrub 5 to 1 foot.
90 E. VERNICIFLUA (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 335.) leaves 3
in a whorl, viscid ; corolla 2-j- lines long, with a recurved limb ;
flowers terminal ; spurs of anthers ear-formed and cuneated,
hairy ; fruit smooth. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. E. glutinosa, Roxb. mss. The leaves are bluntly acumi-
nated, densely clothed with glands in the reduplicate part ; hence
they appear shining and clammy.
Farnish-florving Heath. Shrub. .
91 E. EMBOTHRiiF6i.iA (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 379.) leaves
3 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate ; spikes of flowers coarctate ; co-
rolla 4 lines long, having the tube ventricose at top ; anthers
exserted, crested. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Embothrium-leaved Heath. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1798. Shb.
* Leaves 4 in a whorl. Corollas campanulate.
92 E. AUSTRA^LIS (Lin. mant. p. 231.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
scabrous, spreading, mucronate ; flowers terminal ; corolla 3
lines long, with a curved funnel-shaped tube, and a recurved
limb ; pedicels beset with gemmaceous bracteas ; anthers crested.
Tj . H. Native of Spain and Portugal. Andr. heaths. 3. t. 21.
Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 396. Lodd. bot. cab. 1472. Wendl. eric.
9. p. 13. with a figure. E. pistilaris, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p.
368. Flowers small, purplish red. Style exserted.
Southern Heath. Fl. March, July. Clt. 1769. Shrub 3 to
6 feet.
93 E. DECLINA'TA (Bedf. hort. eric. wob. p. 7.) leaves 4 in a
whorl ; flowers axillary, subspicate : corolla bell-shaped ; brae-
leas remote from the calyx ; anthers crested. Tj . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 1662. Flowers
white, tinged with red. Style a little exserted.
Delicate Heath. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 ft.
* * * * Leaves 4 in a whorl. Corollas urceolate.
94 E. MARGARITA'CEA (Sol. in Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 401.)
glabrous ; leaves 4 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ; bracteas re-
mote from the calyx ; anthers crested ; corolla with a spherical
tube. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Andr.
heath. 1. t. 17. Wendl. eric. 8. p. 11. with a figure. E.
obesa, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 375. Calyx incurvedly spread-
ing. Corollas nearly 2 lines long, white. Crests of anthers
glabrous. Style exserted.
Pearl-fiov/ered Heath. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1775. Shrub
If foot.
95 E. LACHN^EOIDES. This species is very distinct from
Erica lachncea, Andr. ; but we have not means of giving
any description of it. Anthers crested. Jj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. E. lachnae'a purpurea, Andr. heaths. 3.
t. 3. Flowers red.
Lachnata-like Heath. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1793. Shrub.
96 E. RACEMIFERA (Andr. heath. 3. 1. 12.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
and are as well as the calyxes glabrous ; flowers axillary, verti-
cillate ; corollas ovate-globose ; anthers crested. f? . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, red. Style
inclosed.
Raceme-bearing Heath. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1803. Shrub
1| foot.
97 E. SOLA'NDRI (Andr. heath. 2. 1. 17. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p.
399.) leaves 4 in a whorl, hispid ; branches decumbent ; flowers
terminal, capitate, or umbellate ; bracteas sessile, linear, ciliated,
near the calyx ; corollas globosely bell-shaped ; anthers crested.
5 i2
796
ERICACEAE. I. EEICA.
^. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers reddish-
purple. Style inclosed.
Solander's Heath. Fl. March, Nov. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
98 E. ACU'TA (Andr. heath. 2. t. 19. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p.
399.) leaves 4 in a whorl, stiff, glabrous, spreading ; flowers ter-
minal, usually by threes, drooping ; bracteas approximating the
calyx ; corolla ovate-globose ; anthers crested. J? . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, deep purplish-
red. Calyx ciliated. Style inclosed.
^cute-flowered Heath. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1799. Shrub
J to 1 foot.
99 E. RU'BENS (Andr. heath. 2. p. 21.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
hispid, spreading ; flowers terminal ; bracteas remote from and
approximating the calyx ; anthers crested or awned ; corolla
ovate-globose, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Lodd. bot. cab. 557. Flowers small, purplish-red. Style
exserted.
^erf-flowered Heath. Fl. Spring and Winter. Clt. 1798.
Shrub 1 foot.
100 E. STRICTA (Bonn, hort. cantab. ed. 3d. p. 69. Willd. spec.
2. p. 36G.) leaves 4 in a whorl, obtuse, glabrous, bisulcate be-
neath ; flowers terminal, umbellate ; corolla 3 lines long, with an
ovate urceolar tube, and reflexed segments ; bracteas approxi-
mating the calyx, sessile ; anthers crested. 1? . H. Native of
Corsica and Italy. Andr. heath. 2. t. 22. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 393.
E. miilticaulis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 369. E. Corsica, D. C.
fl. fr. E. ramulosa, Viv. Calyx spreading. Corollas purplish
red. Stem diffuse. Style subexserted.
Straight Heath. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1765. Shrub 2 to
3 feet.
101 E. BARBA'TA (Andr. heath. 2. t. 23.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
ciliated ; flowers terminal, umbellate, drooping ; corolla short,
urceolate ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; calycine segments
spatulate, ciliated ; anthers crested. I? . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 124. Erica barbata
major, Andr. heath. 2. t. 23. Flowers pale yellow, with brown
anthers. Style exserted.
Var. /3, minor (Andr. heath. 2. t. 24.) flowers white, with
black anthers ; but according to the hort. eric. wob. they are red,
flowering Feb. Aug.
Bearded Heath. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1799. Shrub 1 ft.
102 E. RAMENTA^CEA (Lin. mant. p. 65. Andr. heath. 1. 1. 16.)
leaves 4 in a whorl, glabrous ; branches clammy ; flowers ter-
minal, umbellate ; bracteas remote from and approximating the
calyx ; corolla with a spherical 8-angled tube, and a recurved
erect limb ; anthers crested ; fruit hairy. I? . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 405. Lodd. bot.
cab. 446. E. bullularis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 377. E. gra-
nulata, Lin. mant. 234. E. multiumbellifera, Berg. pi. cap. p.
110. E. pilulifera, Berg. pi. cap. p. 111. Calycine segments
subulate, coloured. Flowers purplish-red. Style subexserted.
Ramenlaceous Heath. Fl. July. Dec. Clt. 1786. Shrub
H foot.
103 E. CE'RNUA (Lin. suppl. p. 222.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
hoary, villous or ciliated, aristate : those of the branches ovate ;
flowers terminal, drooping, umbellate ; bracteas decurrent ;
calyx much fringed ; corolla ovate-globose ; anthers crested.
fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Montin, in act.
ups. 2. p. 291. t. 9. f. 3. Flowers purplish-red or pink. Co-
rolla 2-j. lines long.
Drooping-fio\\-ered Heath. Fl. Aug. Dec. Clt. 1791. Shrub
1 foot.
104 E. VERECU'NDA (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 379.) leaves 4 in a
whorl, linear, incurvedly spreading, glabrous ; branches hairy ;
spikes coarctate; flowers drooping; bracteas and calyxes fringed ;
corolla 2 .V lines long, with an amphorirformed tube, and crenu-
lated limb ; anthers hairy ; spurs cuneated, hairy, f? . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica cernua, Andr. heath. 1.
t. 20. Lodd. bot. cab. 822. but not of Lin. Flowers flesh-
coloured. Style inclosed.
Reddish-flowered Heath. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1793. Shrub.
105 E. PE'NDULA (Wendl. eric. 10. p. 13. with a figure) leaves
4 in a whorl, glabrous ; flowers terminal, drooping ; bracteas
remote from the calyx; calycine segments lanceolate, adpressed;
corollas ovate, angular ; anthers crested. Ij . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 400. E. arbuscula,
Lodd. bot. cab. 843. Flowers purple : in hort. kew. there are
said to be 3 bracteas on each pedicel ; 2 near the calyx, and the
third remote from it. Style inclosed.
Pendulous-flowered Heath. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1791. Shrub
li foot.
106 E. NU'TANS ; leaves 4 in a whorl; flowers terminal, droop-
ing ; bracteas remote from the flower ; calyx ribbed, green ;
corolla ovate-globose ; anthers crested. Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. E. pendula, Hort. Bedf. eric. wob. p. 18.
but not of Wendl. Flowers reddish-purple. Style a little
exserted.
Noddiiig-fiovtereA Heath. Fl. Spring and Summer. Clt. ?
Shrub.
107 E. FIBULA (Link. enum. 1. p. 368.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
finely ciliated ; flowers terminal ; bracteas remote from the calyx ;
corolla oblong-globose ; anthers crested, fj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purple-red. Style exserted.
Button-fiowered Heath. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1823. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
108 E. LACTIFIORA (Lodd. bot. cab. t. 901.) leaves 4 in a
whorl, and are as well as the branches scabrous; flowers ter-
minal, erectish ; corolla ovate ; bracteas remote from the calyx ;
anthers crested. I? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
E. lacticolor, Roll. cat. E. tricolor, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 193.
Limb of corolla connivent and drawn out. Flowers white.
Style inclosed.
White-flowered Heath. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1820. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
109 E. U'NICA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 188.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
crowded, ciliated, erect ; flowers terminal, umbellate, drooping ;
bracteas remote from the calyx; calyx minute, coloured, ciliated;
corolla urceolate or globosely bell-shaped ; anthers crested. t? .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. E. pedunculata, Andr.
heath. 4. icon, but not of Wendl. E. ciliata, Hort. Flowers
purplish-red. Style inclosed.
Unique Heath. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1 to 2
feet.
110 E. PARVIFLORA (Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 506. Salisb. in Lin.
trans, p. 373.) leaves revolute, 4 in a whorl, downy ; flowers
terminal ; corolla downy, urceolate ; spurs of anthers crested or
ear-formed ; fruit glabrous. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. E. pubescens, Lin. diss. no. 19. with a figure.
Berg. fl. cap. 121. Corolla purple. Style inclosed.
Small-flowered Heath. Fl. March, Sept. Clt. 1790. Shrub
1 foot.
***** Leaves 5-6 or more in a whorl. Corollas campanu-
late.
1 1 1 E. EMPETRIFOLIA (Lin. mant. p. 375.) leaves 6-7 in a whorl,
oblong-linear, ciliated, erect ; flowers disposed in glomerate race-
mose whorles ; bracteas and calyxes lanceolate ; corolla 2 lines
long, hairy, with an urceolar tube, and a recurvedly spreading
limb ; anthers awned or crested ; stigma exserted. fj . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Lin. diss. no. 15. with a figure.
Thunb. diss. no. 70. Curt. bot. mag. 447. Lodd. bot. cab.
1875. Calyx 4-lobed. Style exserted Flowers purplish-red.
ERICACEAE. I. ERICA.
797
Empet rum- leaved Heath. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1774. Shb.
112 E. NOUEFLORA (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 371.) leaves 6 in
a whorl ; flowers axillary at the tops of the branches ; corolla 2
lines long, smooth, with a cup-shaped tube, and a recurvedly
spreading limb ; stigma inclosed, fj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. E. glomerata, Hortul. Pedicels much longer
than in any of the allied species. Anthers appendiculate.
Corollas white.
Bell-flowered Heath. Shrub.
***** Leaves 5-6 in a whorl. Corollas urceolate.
113 E. EMPETROIDES (Andr. heath. 2. t. 25. Ait. hort. kew.
2. p. 299.) leaves C in a whorl, glaucescent, ciliated, spreading,
soft ; flowers terminal, subspicate, close ; bracteas hairy, approxi-
mating the calyx ; corollas ovate ; calyx green, rough, large ;
auricles of anthers broad. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 1758. E. pyxidifolia, Sal. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 371. E. empetrifolia glauca, Wendl. eric. 11. p.
11. with a figure. Flowers pale purplish-red. Calyx 4-cleft.
Corolla smooth, 2 lines long, with an obovate tube, and an in-
curvedly spreading limb. Pericarp globose, glabrous. Style
exserted.
Empetrum-like Heath. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1788. Shrub
l£ foot.
114 E. MALLEOIA'RIS (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 370.) leaves 6
in a whorl; flowers axillary at the tops of the branches; calyx
quadrifid ; corolla If line long, smooth, with an urceolar tube,
and a recurvedly spreading limb ; pericarp glabrous, Fj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica empetrifolia, Schnev.
pi. no. 17. with a figure. Houtt. pfl. syst. 4. p. 517. t. 23. f. 2.
Berg. pi. cap. p. 120.
Branched Heath. Fl. April. Oct. Clt. 103. Shrub.
115 E. GLUTINOSA (Berg. fl. cap. p. 98. Thunb. diss. no.
48.) leaves alternate or opposite, beset with glandular hairs ;
spikes of flowers coarctate ; flowers drooping ; bracteas remote
from the calyx ; corollas viscid, with an ovate pyramidal tube
and a spreading limb ; anthers crested. Jj • G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Icon. pi. kew. t. 17. E. droseroldes,
Andr. heath. 1. t. 13. Lodd. bot. cab. 1685. Andromeda
droseroides, Lin. mant. 239. Corollas deep red, form of those
of a species of Callista, 3 to 5 lines long.
Clammy Heath. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1787. Shrub 1 ft.
116 E. FA'LLAX (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 371.) leaves 6 in a
whorl ; flowers axillary at the tops of the branches ; corolla 2
lines long, viscid, with the tube urceolar and a little ribbed ; fila-
ments length of tube, spurred ; pericarp viscid. Jj . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Anthers bipartite.
False Heath. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
117 E. PA'RILIS (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 371.) leaves 6 in a
whorl ; flowers axillary at the tops of the branches ; corolla 3
lines long, viscid, with an urceolar, rather ribbed tube ; filaments
hardly the length of the tube, minutely spurred. ^ . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope.
Equal Heath. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1789. Shrub.
118 E. CAKDUIFOLIA (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 330.) leaves 6
in a whorl, bristly ; flowers terminal ; pedicels long ; corolla 2|-
lines long, smooth, with a glabrous tube ; filaments very short ;
anthers awned. ^ • Gr. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Stigma narrow. Corollas purple.
Thistle-leaved Heath. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1806. Shrub.
119 E. CINERA'SCENS (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 21.) branches
and calyxes tomentose, and beset with long hairs ; leaves 5 in a
whorl, ciliated with long hairs ; bracteas foliaceous, close to the
calyx ; style subexserted ; anthers awned. 1? . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purple. Nearly allied to E.
cinerea.
Greyish Heath. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1810. Shrub.
120 E.? PHYSODES (Lin. spec. ed. 2. 566. diss. no. 32. with a
figure) leaves 4-6 in a whorl, spreading, viscid, slender ; flowers
terminal, 4-6 in a fascicle ; bracteas remote from the calyx ;
calycine segments ovate, ciliated ; corolla ovate-globose, clammy,
having the interstices of the limb ending in a tumid hook ;
anthers crested. ^ • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Lodd. bot. cab. 223. E. sequax, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 378.
Corolla 3-4 lines long, white. Style inclosed.
Far. ft ; corolla 4 lines long, with an ovate tube. 1? . G. E.
physodes, Andr. heath. 1. t. 22. Wendl. eric. fasc. 7. p. 13.
with a figure. Curt. bot. mag. 443. Corollas white.
Bladdery -fowereA Heath. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1788.
Shrub 1 to 2 foot.
§ 3. Anthers mutic, that is, without anns or crests.
* Leaves 3 in a whorl. Corollas campanulate.
121 E. CANALICULA'TA (Andr. heath. 3. t. 38.) leaves 3 in a
whorl, subulate, glabrous, spreading ; pedicels terminal, by
threes, bracteate, downy ; calyxes coloured ; corolla campanu-
late ; stamens a little exserted. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 184. Corollas pale red, spreading.
Channelled Heath. Fl. Feb. Aug. Clt. 1799. Shrub 1 ft.
122 E. CAMPANULA'TA (Andr. heath. 1. t. 44. Wendl. eric.
13. p. 3. with a figure) leaves 3 in a whorl, subulate, glabrous;
flowers terminal, solitary, drooping ; bracteas remote from the
calyx ; corolla campanulate ; calycine segments ciliated. fj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p.
408. Lodd. bot. cab. 115. E. tenuifblia, Hort. E. campanu-
laris, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 330. Calyx coloured. Corollas
2^ lines long, yellow, smooth. Style exserted.
Campanulate- fio-wered Heath. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1791.
Shrub 1 foot.
123 E. FLA'VA (Andr. heath. 2. t. 38. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p.
292.) leaves 3 in a whorl, short, glabrous, erect ; flowers ter-
minal, crowded ; pedicels bracteate ; corollas campanulate. Tj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 882.
Flowers yellow. Style exserted.
IWfow-flowered Heath. Fl. April, Oct. Clt. 1795. Shrub.
124 E. COARCTA'TA (Wendl. eric. fasc. 19. no. 1.) leaves 3 in
a whorl, linear, a little ciliated, erectly spreading ; flowers twin,
axillary, erect, on pedicels, which are equal in length to the
leaves ; calyx small, foliaceous ; stigma peltate ; anthers mutic.
^. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla campanu-
late, purple, dilated at top. Style much exserted. Bracteas
remote from the calyx.
Coarctated-Rov/ered Heath. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1801.
Shrub.
125 E. APPROXIMA'TA (Schlecht. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 196.)
leaves 3 in a whorl, nearly terete, petiolate, short, glabrous, re-
mote, spreading ; branches twiggy, rather hairy ; flowers sub-
racemose, glabrous ; calyx coloured, adpressed. fj.G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla campanulate. Anthers
mutic.
Approximate Heath. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub.
126 E. SPICULIFLORA (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 324. Smith, fl.
grsec. t. 353.) leaves 3 in a whorl, mucronulate, ciliated ; flowers
disposed in terminal racemes, drooping ; pedicels bractless,
rather downy ; style much exserted. ^ . H. Native on the
top of Mount Olympus. E. Olympica, Sibth. mss. Corollas
1 line long, smooth, red. Calyx coloured.
Spike-flowered Heath. Shrub decumbent.
127 E. SCOP A'RIA (Lin. mant. 375. diss. eric. no. 13. with a
figure of the flower) leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, glabrous; flowers
axillary, disposed in secund racemes ; corolla smooth, campa-
798
ERICACEAE. I. ERICA.
nulate, with a cup-shaped tube ; bracteas remote from the calyx.
Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. E. fucata, Thunb,
diss. no. 9. E. viridipurpurea, Hort. — Clus. hist. 1. p. 42.
Stem downy. Corollas very small, green. Style inclosed or
exserted.
Var. ft, minima (Hort.) plant smaller than the species.
Broom Heath. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1770. Shrub 4 to 6
feet.
128 E. VIRGA'TA (Thunb. diss. no. 18. Wendl. ex Spreng.
syst. 2. p. 197.) leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate, spreading, glandu-
larly ciliated ; branches hairy ; flowers terminal, sessile, by
threes, erect ; calycine segments foliaceous, downy. Jj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers red, small, cam-
panulate. Stigma peltate, much exserted.
Twiggy Heath. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1818. Shrub 1 ft.
129 E. COMPLANA'TA (Nois. et Spreng. syst. 2. p. 196.)
branches flexuous ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, stiff, glandularly
ciliated while young, spreadingly reflexed ; flowers terminating
the small branches, the whole forming a branched raceme ; calyx
adpressed, coloured, clammy ; corolla bell-shaped or subro-
tate. I? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corollas
yellow. Style inclosed.
/^-flowered Heath. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub
2 feet.
130 E. ANTHINA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 196.) branches hispid ;
leaves linear, obtuse, 3 in a whorl, glabrous ; flowers terminal,
usually by threes, drooping ; bracteas close to the calyx, in-
flated ; corolla wide, campanulate ; anthers mutic. ^ . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good _Hope. E. florida, Lodd. hot. cab.
234. Flowers purplish-red. Style a little exserted.
Flowery Heath. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
131 E. ? SPA'RSA (Bedf. eric. wob. p. 23.) leaves 3 in a whorl,
glabrous ? flowers terminal ; bracteas approximate and remote
from the calyx ; corollas small, bell-shaped, with deep spread-
ing segments ; anthers a little exserted. Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 1467. Flowers purplish-
red. Style exserted.
Scattered Heath. Fl. April. Clt. ? Shrub.
132 E. PASSERINA (Lin. suppl. 221. Thunb. diss. no. 16.
prod. 70.) leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate, glabrous ; flowers termi-
nal, almost solitary ; pedicels and calyxes tomentose ; corolla
campanulate ; style exserted. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Montin. in. nov. act. ups. 2. p. 289. t. 9. f. 1.
E. passerinaefolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 332. — Petiv. gen.
t. 3. f. 7. Corolla 2-J lines long ; pericarp tomentose. — Perhaps
a species of Ceramia.
Sparrow-wort-like Heath. Fl. Winter and Spring. Clt.
1808. Shrub.
* * Leaves 3 in a whorl. Corollas urceolate.
133 E. ERIOCE'PHALA (Andr. heath. 2. t. 37.) leaves 3 in a
whorl, and are as well as the calyxes and corollas woolly ; brac-
teas remote and approximating the calyx ; anthers a little ex-
serted ; flowers terminal, umbellate ; corolla urceolate, Tj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 1270.
E. canescens, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 407. E. gnaphalioides,
Hortul. Flowers with a purplish-red calyx, and a white corolla.
Style exserted.
Woolly-headed Heath. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1790. Shrub.
134 E. TUBERCULA'RIS (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 330.) leaves
3 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ; corolla 1 ^ line long, rough from
tubercles, with a globose tube ; filaments mutic ; pericarp on
a long stipe. 17 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica inclyta, Sol. mss. Anthers minute, smooth. Flowers
purple.
Tubercular-Qowered. Heath. Fl. Feb. Aug. Clt. 1790.
Shrub.
135 E. CILIA'RIS (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 354. Loefl. res. p. 138.
Lin. diss. no. 39. with a figure of the flower) leaves 3 in a whorl,
ovate, glandularly ciliated, spreading, rather remote ; flowers
terminal, subracemose, secund ; calycine segments spatulate, cili-
ated ; bracteas approximating the calyx, sessile ; corolla smooth,
ovate, more ventricose on the upper side. Tj . H. Native of
Portugal ; and Cornwall. Wendl. eric. 7. p. 3. Curt. bot.
mag. 484. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 394. Lodd. bot. cab. 1805.
Corolla 4 lines long, pale red. Style exserted.
Ciliated-leaved Heath. Fl. Aug. Sept. Britain. Shrub
1 foot.
136 E. ABSINTHOIDES (Lin. mant. p. 66.) leaves 3-4 in a
whorl, linear, scabrous, more or less ovate, rather remote ;
flowers twin, terminal on axillary branches, drooping ; calyx
and corollas glabrous ; bracteas remote from the calyx, leaf-
like ; corolla globose, viscid ; stamens exserted. lj . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. E. virgularis a, Salisb. in
Lin. trans. 5. p. 324. E. virgata and E. virgulata, Wendl. E.
exserta, Hort. Corollas white, with a red apex.
Wormwood-like Heath. Fl. March, July. Clt. 1792. Shrub
1| foot.
137 E. HISPIDULA (Lin. suppl. p. 222.) leaves 3 in a whorl,
ovate-roundish, ciliated, rather remote ; flowers axillary and ter-
minal, usually solitary, erect ; corolla urceolate, viscid, fj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. E. hispida, Thunb. diss.
no. 20. E. virgata hirta, Wendl. eric. 13. p. 35. E. virgu-
laris, S, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 324. Flowers terminating the
small branches, reddish-purple. Bracteas remote from the
calyx. Style exserted. Perhaps a species of Ceramia.
Small-hispid Heath. Fl. Spring. Clt. 1791. Shrub 1 ft.
138 E. CARNE'OIA (Bedf. eric. wob. p. 5.) leaves 3 in a whorl,
scattered ; pedicels bracteate ; flowers terminal, umbellate ; co-
rolla oblong-ovate, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Corollas purplish-red. Nearly allied to E. Sainsburyana in
habit. Style exserted.
Flesh-coloured-dowered Heath. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1810. Shrub.
139 E.? COLLETER (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 192.) branches
straight, hairy ; leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, revolute, rather
hispid, spreading ; flowers axillary, drooping, clammy ; corolla
urceolate ; style exserted ; stigma peltate. 17 • Gr. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope.
Colleter Heath. Shrub.
* * * Leaves 4 in a whorl. Corollas campanulate.
140 E. ODORA'TA (Andr. heath. 3. t. 64.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
glandularly ciliated, spreading ; flowers terminal, umbellately
verticillate, drooping ; pedicels coloured ; bracteas remote from
the calyx ; corolla campanulate, viscid. Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 633. Sims, bot. mag.
1399. Corolla white, very like those of some species of An-
dromeda. Style inclosed.
Sweet-scented Heath. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1804. Shrub 1
to 2 feet.
141 E. PROPE'NDENS (Andr. heath. 2. t. 45. Sims, bot. mag.
21408.) downy ; leaves 4 in a whorl, short, ciliated; branches
flexuous ; bracteas approximating the calyx ; flowers terminal,
solitary or by threes ; corolla bell-shaped. Tj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 63. Calycine seg-
ments jagged or serrated. Corolla purple, or deep red. Style
inclosed.
Propendent-fiowered Heath. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1800. Shrub
1 foot.
142 E. PALU'STRIS (Andr. heath. 2. t. 46.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
linear, obtuse, downy ; flowers terminal, umbellate ; bracteas
ERICACEAE. I. ERICA.
799
remote from the calyx ; corollas cylindrically bell-shaped ; an-
thers a little exserted. f? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Lodd. hot. cab. t. 4. Branches divaricate. Corollas
reddish-purple.
Marsh Heath. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1799. Shrub 1 ft.
143 E. VISCA'RIA (Andr. heath. 1. t. 43.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
linear, glabrous, spreading ; flowers axillary, disposed in verti-
cillate spikes or racemes, drooping ; corolla campanulate, clothed
with clammy down ; bracteas approximating the calyx, sessile ;
calycine segments ciliated ; fruit silky. fj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 726. Icon. pi. kew.
t. 1. E. viscida, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 372. Corolla pale
purplish-red, 3 lines long, with a cup-shaped ribbed tube. Style
inclosed.
Var. a, incana ; leaves hoary, 1| to 3 lines long. ^ . G. E.
viscaria, Thunb. diss. no. 40. Lin. mant. 321. diss. no. 45. with
a figure.
Var. fi, glabra ; leaves green, 3-5 lines long. Pj . G. E.
viscaria, Andr. heath. 1. t. 43. Icon. pi. kew. t. 1.
Clammy Heath. Fl. April and Autumn. Clt. 1774. Shrub
2 feet.
144 E. PYRAMIDIFORMIS (Wendl. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 198.)
leaves linear, hispid, spreading, 4 in a whorl ; flowers terminal,
usually by threes, erect ; calyxes adpressed, hispid ; stigma qua-
drifid. (7 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
purplish-red, campanulate.
Pyramid-formed Heath. Fl. Sept. Dec. Clt. 1818. Shrub
2, feet.
145 E. NIDICULA'RIA (Lodd. bot. cab. 764.) glabrous; leaves
4 in a whorl, short, obtuse ; flowers terminal, umbellate ;
bracteas remote from the calyx ; corolla cup-shaped ; style
exserted ; anthers mutic. ^ • G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Flowers white.
Nest-like- flowered Heath. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1809. Shrub 1 to
2 feet.
146 E. BE'LLA (Lodd. bot. cab. 307. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 197.)
leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, filiform, smoothish, spreading, in-
curved at the apex ; pedicels terminal, racemose, hispid, erect ;
calyx reflexed : style filiform ; corolla campanulate ; anthers
mutic. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. E. pul-
chella, Hortul. Flowers red. Style exserted.
Beautiful Heath. Fl. Jan. Oct. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1 ft.
147 E. STYLAVRIS (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 198.) leaves 4 in a
whorl, linear, obtuse, much spreading, and are as well as the
branches hispid ; flowers terminal, glomerate, erectish ; calyxes
coloured, spreading, ciliated; corolla campanulate; style much
exserted : stigma capitate. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Anthers mutic.
Long-styled Heath. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1812. Shrub 2
feet.
148 E. JUBA'TA (Lodd. bot. cab. icon.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
linear, filiform, rather clammy, incurvedly spreading ; pedicels
terminal, corymbose, hispid ; calyx tetragonal, coloured, ser-
rulated ; corolla campanulately rotate ; anthers mutic. Jj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Bearded Heath. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1816. Shrub.
149 E. CONST A'NTIA (Bedf. eric. wob. p. 6.) leaves 4 in a
whorl ; flowers terminating the branches ; bracteas remote from
the calyx ; corolla bell-shaped. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Style exserted.
Constantia Heath. Clt. 1810. Shrub 2 feet.
150 E. CONGE'STA (Wendl. eric. fasc. 17. p. 75.) leaves 4 in a
whorl, linear, pilose, spreading ; flowers axillary, capitate, droop-
: ing ; calyx foliaceous, imbricate, toothed ; corolla campanulate,
i open ; bracteas sessile ; anthers mutic. Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. Style exserted.
Crowded-lowered Heath. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1
foot.
* * * * Leaves 4 in a whorl. Corollas urceolate.
151 E. FLEXICAU'LIS (Dry. in hort. kew. 2. p. 395.) leaves
linear, 4 in a whorl, spreading, oblong, glandularly ciliated ;
flowers terminal, umbellate ; calyxes coloured, glandularly cili-
ated. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. E. glandu-
16sa, Andr. heath. 2. t. 58. but not of Thunb. Corollas purple,
urceolate. Style inclosed.
Bent-stemmed Heath. Fl. May, Jan. Clt. 1800. Shrub
^ foot.
152 E. PERIA'TA (Hortul. ex Bedf. hort. eric. wob. p. 18.)
leaves 4 in a whorl ; flowers terminal, umbellate ; bracteas re-
mote from the calyx ; corolla globose ; anthers a little exserted,
mutic. >j . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla
reddish-purple ; anthers reddish-orange. Style exserted.
Z?roarf-flowered Heath. Fl. Spring and Autumn. Clt. 1810.
Shrub.
153 E. CRUCIFORMIS (Andr. heath, vol. 4. icon.) leaves 4 in
a whorl, linear, glabrous, spreading ; flowers terminal, by fours,
decussate ; corolla urceolate ; anthers mutic. ^ • Gr. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purple. Style inclosed.
Cross-formed Heath. Fl. April, Nov. Clt. 1800. Shrub
1 foot.
154 E. MELLIFERA (Hort. ex Link. enum. 1. p. 370.) leaves
4 in a whorl, linear, hairy, spreading, rather remote ; flowers
terminal, aggregate ; calyxes foliaceous ; corolla campanulate ;
anthers mutic ; style capitate, exserted. Jj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Branches hairy. Corollas purple. An-
thers exserted, awned.
Honey-bearing Heath. Shrub.
155 E. SICULA (Schonberg, in Linnaea. 2. p. 614.) leaves 4 in
a whorl, petiolate, linear, nearly terete, canescent ; flowers ter-
minal, on long pedicels, subumbellate, canescent, erect ; calycine
segments and bracteas membranous, coloured, about equal in
length to the corolla : corollas ovate-oblong, downy. F? . H.
Native of Sicily. Flowers red.
Sicilian Heath. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1819. Shrub .2 to
3 feet.
156 E. AGGREGA'TA (Wendl. eric. fasc. 13. p. 11.) leaves 4 in
a whorl, linear, hairy, spreading; flowers terminating the small
branches ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; corolla globose,
downy, with an erectish limb, fj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 1678. Flowers purplish-red
the whole forming branched racemes. There is also a white-
flowered variety of this. Style exserted.
dggregate-Qowered Heath. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub
1 foot.
***** Leaves 5-6 or more in a whorl. Corollas campanulate.
157 E. DECORA (Andr. heath. 3. t. 66. Ait. hort. kew. t.
392.) leaves 6 in a whorl, elongated, recurved ; flowers axillary,
mutant, disposed in spikes or racemes ; bracteas remote from
the calyx ; corolla campanulate ; anthers a little exserted. ^ .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 1383.
E. spiralis, Hortul. Flowers pale red.
Graceful Heath. Fl. Nov. Jan. Clt. 1790. Shrub 2 feet.
158 E. BEAUMONTIAVNA (Roll. Lodd. bot. cab. 1686.)
glabrous ; leaves linear, 5-6 in a whorl ; flowers axillary and
terminal, drooping ; pedicels many-bracteate ; corolla campanu-
late ; style a little exserted. 17 . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Corollas white. Allied to E. propendens.
Beaumont's Heath. Fl. June. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 foot.
****** Leaves 5-6 in a nikorl. Corolla urceolate.
159 E. CERINTHOIDES ( Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 505. diss. no. 43.
800
ERICACEAE. I. ERICA. II. GYFSOCALLIS.
with a figure) leaves 5-6 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, pilose and
ciliated, bearded at the apex ; flowers terminal, capitate, droop-
ing ; corolla oblong, with an inflated tube, clothed with viscid
hairs outside ; bracteas sessile, larger than the calyx ; segments
of calyx cuneated. (7 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Andr. heath. 1 . t. 50. Curt. hot. mag. t. 220. Lodd. bot. cab.
1679. Berg. pi. cap. p. 104. — Breyn. cent. p. 25. t. 13.
Wendl. eric. 7. p. 9. with a figure. E. crinifolia, Sal. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 367. Corollas scarlet or crimson, 8-10 lines long.
There are several trifling varieties of this species in the gar-
dens.
Cerinthe-like Heath. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1774. Shrub.
§ 4. Anthers corniculate. Leaves 3 or 4 in a whorl.
160 E. MAGNIFICA (Andr. heath, vol. 4. icon.) leaves 3 in
a whorl ; flowers terminal by threes or fours ; corollas ovate ;
bracteas remote from the calyx ; anthers corniculate. Jj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish-red.
Style inclosed.
Magnificent Heath. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1800. Shrub 2 feet.
161 E. SAVILLEA'NA (Bedf. hort. eric. wob. p. 22.) leaves 4
in a whorl, linear, glabrous, erect ; peduncles loosely racemose,
axillary ; calyx foliaceous, narrow ; corollas globose-oblong ;
anthers corniculate. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. E. Savillea, Andr. heath. 3. t. 27. E. Savillii, Lodd.
bott. cab. 96. Flowers red, or purplish-red. Style inclosed.
Countess of Scarborough's Heath. Fl. April. Sept. Clt.
1800. Shrub 1 foot.
162 E. TENE'LLA (Andr. heath. 2. t. 31.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
glabrous ; flowers terminal by fours ; corollas urceolate ; anthers
corniculate. I? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Lodd. bot. cab. 375. Flowers small, pale purplish-red. Style
inclosed.
Delicate Heath. Fl. Year. Clt. 1791. Shrub £ foot.
163 E. GRA'CILIS (Andr. heath. 1. t. 2.) stem and branches
glabrous ; leaves glabrous, 4 in a. whorl, linear ; flowers
terminal ; corolla ovate-globose, or urceolate ; anthers cornicu-
late. F; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot.
cab. 244. Flowers small, purplish-red. Style inclosed.
Slender Heath. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1774. Shrub.
164 E. PR.E'COX (Bedf. hort. eric. p. 19. Lodd. bot. cab.
1413.) leaves 4 in a whorl, acicular, spreading; flowers small,
globosely bell-shaped, disposed in terminal racemose fascicles ;
bracteas remote from the flower ; anthers corniculate. T? . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, purplish-
red. Style exserted.
Early Heath. Fl. March. Clt. 1820. Shrub £ foot.
165 E. FIMBRIA'TA (Andr. heath. 3. t. 23.) leaves 3-4 in a
whorl ; flowers terminal, capitate ; corolla globose ; bracteas
imbricated, ciliated ; anthers corniculate, a little exserted. Tj •
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 1047.
Flowers red.
Fringed Heath. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1806. Shrub 1 foot.
166 E. SETA'CEA (Andr. heath. 1. t. 24.) leaves 3 in a whorl ;
flowers terminal ; corolla globose, bell-shaped ; bracteas remote
from the calyx ; anthers corniculate. Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, purplish-red. Style
exserted.
Setaceous-leaved Heath. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1796. Shrub
1 foot.
t Species, not known to which genera of the Normal Ericece
they belong.
167 E. LAVANDUL.SFOLIA (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 332.) stem
hoary ; leaves 3 in a whorl, hoary ? ; flowers terminal ; bracteas
close to the calyx ; corollas 2 lines long, with a 4-angled tube,
and an incurved limb ; filaments very broad at the base ; an-
thers inclosed, mutic. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope.
Lavender-leaved Heath. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1795. Shrub.
168 E. CRISTJEFLORA (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 332.) leaves 3 in
a whorl ; flowers terminal ; calyx 4-toothed ; corolla 2 lines
long, having the limb 3 times longer than the tube, entire at the
base ; anthers mutic, inclosed ; pericarp smooth. J? . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica melanthera, Thunb.
diss. no. 12. but not of Lin. Perhaps a species of Lophandra.
Crest-flowered Heath. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1803. Shrub.
169 E. CUMUUEL6RA (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 336.) leaves 3 in
a whorl; fascicles 7-12-flowered, terminal; calyx hoary; co-
rolla 2| lines long, having the limb ciliated at bottom ; anthers
mutic, inclosed ; pericarp hairy ; stigma narrow. Jj . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica aggregate, Roxb. mss.
— Perhaps a species of Lamprotis. Flowers purplish-red.
Heap-flowered Heath. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. ? Shrub.
170 E. GENIS'MFOLIA (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 337.) flowers
terminal, by threes ; calyx viscid ; corolla 2 lines long, having
the limb ciliated at bottom ; anthers mutic, inclosed ; pericarp
smooth ; stigma broad. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica tetraloba, Roxb. mss. — Perhaps a species of
Lamprotis.
Genista-leaved Heath. Fl. June, Dec. Clt.? Shrub 1 foot.
171 E. PERIPLOCJEFLORA (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 337.) leaves 3
in a whorl, lanceolate-cuneated ; flowers terminal, on long pedi-
cels ; calyxes short, orbicular ; corolla 1-2 lines long ; anthers
appendiculate, inclosed ; stigma narrow. fj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers deep purple. Filaments with
short cuneated spurs. — Perhaps a species of Lamprotis.
Periploca-flowered Heath. Fl. May, Dec. Clt. 1812. Shb.
Cult. Elegant shrubs when in blossom, like all the other
genera of the order. Turfy peat, mixed with sand, is the best
soil for the species ; and young tops root readily, if planted
in a pot of sand in spring, with a bell-glass over them, in a ]
moderate heat. When the plants have grown a considerable
size, the balls of earth should be raised a little above the surface,
so as to prevent water from remaining at the top of the stem,
and the pots in which they are grown should be well drained.
II1 GYPSOCA'LLIS (from yu^oc, gypsos, lime, and ica
TOC, kallistos, most beautiful ; the plants are very elegant, and
generally inhabit calcareous districts). Sal. mss. D. Don, in
edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 153. — Erica species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, gluma-
ceous, naked at the base. Corolla campanulate, or short-tubu-
lar, with a dilated mouth. Stamens exserted ; filaments flattened
or filiform ; anthers bipartite ; having the cells mutic at the base,
distinct and substipitate, dehiscing by an oblique pore. Stigma
simple. Capsule 4-celled, many-seeded. — Small shrubs, natives
of Europe and Africa, with whorled acerose leaves, and lateral
or terminal crowded flowers. This genus is easily distinguished
from Erica in the exserted anthers, flattened filaments, and
simple stigma.
§ 1. Anthers mutic at the base, that is, without any horns, awns,
or spurs.
* Leaves 4 in a whorl. Corollas campanulate.
1 G. VA'GANS (Salisb. mss. ex Don, in edinb. phil. journ.
17. p. 153.) leaves 4-5 in a whorl, glabrous; flowers axillary,
racemose ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; pedicels usually
twin ; corolla short, campanulate. fj . H. Native of England,
in Cornwall ; and of the south of France and north of Africa.
ERICACEAE. II. GYPSOCALLIS.
801
E. vagans, Lin. mant. 2 p. 230. syst. 370. Smith, eng. hot. t. 3.
E. vaga, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 344. E. multiflora, Huds.
angl. 166. Bull. fl. par. t. 203. E. didyma, Stokes, in With,
arrang. 400. E. purpurascens, Lara. diet. 1. p. 488. Flowers
small, pale, purplish-red, in the axils of the leaves, which are
contiguous. Stem glabrous.
Var. ft, alba ; flowers axillary, white.
Var. y, lenella ; flowers white, terminating the small branches.
Var. e), pdllida ; flowers pale red.
Common Cornish Heath. Fl. July, Sept. Britain. Shrub
1 foot.
2 G. PURPURA'SCENS (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p.
153.) leaves 3-4 in a whorl, linear, glabrous ; flowers axillary;
corollas tubular or campanulate ; anthers deeply bifid ; calycine
segments awl-shaped. I? . H. Native of the south of Europe.
Erica purpurascens, Lin. spec. 503. Seg. veron. 280. Thunb.
mon. no. 44. Flowers pale purplish-red.
Purplis h -flowered Moor-Heath. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
3 G. RASTE'LLUM ; branches flexuous, hispid ; leaves linear,
in fascicles, reflexed ; flowers terminal, tetragonal, drooping a
little ; calyxes coloured, adpressed ; corolla campanulate. fy .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica rastellum, Spreng.
syst. 2. p. 19C.
Rastellum Moor- Heath. Shrub.
4 G. MICROSTOMA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, clothed with woolly
hairs, linear, hispidly ciliated, spreading ; flowers axillary, pedi-
cellate, aggregate ; corolla campanulate. Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica microstoma, Berg. pi. cap. p. 97.
Flowers purplish-red.
Small-mouthed Moor-Heath. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1810.
Shrub.
5 G. PILOSA ; leaves 3-4 in a whorl, linear, spreading, pilose ;
flowers terminal, few, villous, pedicellate, erect ; bracteas remote
from the calyx, spreading, very villous ; corollas campanulate.
fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica pildsa, Lodd.
bot. cab. 606. Flowers greenish-yellow.
Pilose Moor-Heath. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub
1 foot.
* * Leaves 4-5 in a whorl. Corollas urceolate.
6 G. MULTIFLORA (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. July, 1834.)
leaves 4-5 in a whorl, glabrous, linear ; flowers axillary, dis-
posed in a racemose corymb ; bracteas remote from the calyx ;
corolla with an urceolar tube, or ovate bell-shaped ; holes of
anthers near the apex. I? . H. Native of the south of Europe.
Erica multiflora, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 355. diss. no. 58. with a
figure of the flower. Andr. heath. 2. t. 57. Ait. hort. kew. 2.
p. 367. Lodd. bot. cab. 1572. E. juniperifolia, &c. Garid.
aix. p. 160. t. 32. E. multiflora longipedicellata, VVendl. eric,
fasc. 5. p. 7. E. peduncularis, Presl. Corolla 1^ to 2 lines
long, pale red, campanulate, with a reflexed limb; anthers black.
Pedicels twice longer than the corolla.
Many-jluwered Moor-Heath. Fl. Oct. Feb. Clt.
7 G. CA'RNEA (D. Don. 1. c.) leaves 3-4 in a whorl, linear,
glabrous ; flowers axillary, drooping, disposed in secund ra-
cemes ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; corolla with a pyra-
midal tube ; anthers foraminose from the middle. Fj . H.
Native of the South of Germany and Switzerland, and the north
of Wales. Erica carnea, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 504. Curt. bot.
mag. t. 11. Jacq. fl. austr. 1. p. 21. f. 31. Scop. fl. earn. ed. 2.
vol. 1. p. 275. Lodd. bot. cab. 1452. Erica herbacea, Lin.
diss. no. 57. with a figure; spec. ed. 2. p. 501. Wendl. eric.
9. p. 7. with a figure. Erica saxatilis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6.
p. 343. Flowers pale red. Corollas conical, 2£ lines long.
Leaves sharply reduplicate.
VOL. HI.
Flesh-coloured-fiowered Moor-Heath. Fl. Jan. April. Clt.
1763. Shrub | foot.
8 G. MEDITERRA'NEA (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves 4-5 in a whorl,
linear-cuneated, glabrous; flowers axillary, racemose, secund,
nutant ; bracteas above the middle of the pedicels ; corolla
urceolar ; anthers foraminose from the middle, fj . H. Native
of the south of Europe, in the region of the Mediterranean ; and
of Ireland, &c. Erica Mediterranea, Lin. mant. p. 229. diss.
no. 59. with a figure of the flower. Wendl. eric. 7. p. 11.
Curt. bot. mag. 471. Erica lugubris, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6.
p. 343. Flowers red, with dark anthers. Corolla 1^ to 2 lines
long.
Mediterranean Moor-Heath. Fl. March, May. Ireland. Shrub
4 to 6 feet.
9 G. HORIZONTALS ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, spreading ;
flowers terminal, sessile, usually by threes, drooping ; calycine
segments spatulate, serrated ; corolla conical. Ij . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica horizontalis, Andr. heath. 2.
t. 52. Flowers white, with brown anthers.
Horizontal Moor-Heath. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub
1 to 1| foot.
1 0 G. PROCU'MBENS ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, spreading,
glabrous ; flowers terminal, subaggregate, villous ; bracteas re-
mote from the calyx ; corolla globosely ovate. *? . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica procumbens, Lodd. bot. cab.
1993. Flowers reddish-purple.
Procumbent Moor-Heath. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub
procumbent.
1 1 G. HISPIDA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, hispidly ciliated, linear,
spreading, obtuse ; flowers terminal, racemose, pendulous ;
bracteas remote from the calyx ; corolla urceolate, globose, fj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica hispida, Andr.
heath. 2. t. 56. Lodd. bot. cab. 1982. Corollas red.
Hispid Moor-Heath. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1791. Shrub
2 feet.
12 G. FLE'XILIS ; branches villous ; leaves 4 in a whorl, beset
with glandular hairs ; flowers axillary, racemose, drooping :
pedicels viscid ; corolla 1-j line long, with an ovate tube ; fruit
woolly, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
racemosa, Thunb. diss. no. 47. with a figure. Erica flexilis,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 342. Calycine segments ciliated with
glands.
Bent Moor-Heath. Shrub.
* Leaves 3 in a whorl. Corollas campanulate.
13 G. MANIPULIFLORA (D. Don, 1. c.) branches hoary ;
leaves 3 in a whorl, obtuse, smoothish ; flowers disposed in in-
terrupted axillary fascicles; corolla cup-shaped, 1£ line long;
anthers erect. Jj . H. Native of Arabia and Greece. Erica
manipuliflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 344. Sibth. et Smith,
fl. graec. t. 352. Erica verticillata, Forsk. fl. p. 210. Flowers
pale red.
Handful-flowered Moor-Heath. Shrub.
1 4 G. LANA'TA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, woolly ; flowers ter-
minal ; bracteas sessile, imbricated ; corolla short, tubular ;
calyx very hairy. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica lanata, Andr. heath. 3. t. 42. Erica flaccida, Link, enum.
berol. 1. p. 367. Bedf. hort. eric. wob. p. 10. Corollas white,
with brown anthers.
W oolly -flowered Moor-Heath. Fl. July, Dec. Clt.? Shrub.
15 G. LEUCANTHE'RA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, glabrous,
erect ; branches twiggy ; flowers terminal, drooping ; pedicels
glabrous; corolla 1 to 1| line long, funnel-shaped, having the
limb quite entire, and length of tube ; anthers foraminose near
5 K
802
ERICACEAE. II. GYPSOCALLIS.
the apex ; calyx glabrous. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica leucanthera, Lin. suppl. p. 223. but not of
Andr. Erica spirseaeflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 350. Flowers
white.
While-anthered Moor-Heath. Fl. Jan. May. Clt. 1803.
Shrub.
1 6 G. ACTIE'A ; leaves 3 in a whorl, glabrous ; flowers ter-
minal on short pedicels ; bracteas approximating the calyx ;
calyx one half shorter than the corolla, with ovate segments,
furnished with a green line ; anthers exserted, mutic ; stigma
peltate. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
Actae'a, Link. enum. 1. p. 371. but not of Bedf. Corollas
purplish.
^ctoa-flowered Moor-Heath. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822.
Shrub.
17 G. NIGRICANS; leaves 3 in a whorl, spreading, a little re-
flexed, linear, glabrous, awned at the apex ; flowers terminal,
usually by threes ; pedicels bracteate, and are as well as the
calyx coloured and viscid ; corolla campanulately rotate, with a
revolute limb. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica nigrita, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 54. Flowers white ; anthers
black.
Blackish Moor-Heath. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Shrub.
18 G. FASTENS; leaves 3 in a whorl, oval-oblong, ciliated,
spreading ; branches hairy ; flowers terminal, usually by threes ;
calyx coloured, ciliated ; corolla campanulately rotate ; anthers
connivent, scabrous. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica patens, Andr. heath. 2. t. 35. Lodd. bot. cab.
1228. Flowers red.
Spreading-fiowereil Moor-Heath. Fl. March, June. Clt.
1800. Shrub | foot.
19 G. CONCA'VA ; leaves 3-4 in a whorl, linear, glabrous,
spreading ; flowers axillary ; corolla campanulate ; anthers a
little exserted. (7 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica concava, Ker. in bot. mag. 2149. Flowers pale red.
Concfljie-flowered Moor-Heath. Fl. Oct. Dec. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
20 G. ACUTA'NOULA ; leaves 3 in whorl, ? linear ; flowers ter-
minal, usually by twos or threes ; corolla campanulate, with a
short tube, and a reflexed limb. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica acutangula, Lodd. bot. cab. 1868. Flowers
white ; anthers black, exserted. Bracteas approximating the
calyx, sessile.
^cute-angled Moor-Heath. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810.
Shrub.
21 G. MELANTHE'RA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, obtuse, smooth,
spreading ; flowers terminal, subumbellate, nutant ; bracteas re-
mote from the flower ; corolla bell-shaped ; bracteas and calyxes
coloured ; stigma obtuse ; fruit silky. Jj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica melanthera, Lin. mant. 232. Lodd.
bot. cab. 867. Erica lysimachiaeflora, Sal. in Lin, trans. 6. p.
332. Corolla 2 lines long, having the limb twice the length
of the tube. Flowers red, with black anthers. Calyx large,
and is, as well as the pedicels, coloured.
Black-anlhered Moor-Heath. Fl. March, July. Clt. 1803.
Shrub.
22 G. THALICTRIFLORA ; branches hairy, straight; leaves 3 in
a whorl, linear, glabrous, erect ; flowers terminal, 2-3 together,
erect, almost sessile ; bracteas approximating the calyx ; corolla
short, campanulate, with deep open segments. J? . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica thalictriflora, Lodd. bot. cab.
t. 1294. Flowers yellow.
Meadorv-Rue-flomered Moor-Heath. Fl. March, May. Clt.
1820. Shrub.
* * * * Leaves 3 in a whorl. Corollas urceolate.
23 G. UMBELLA'TA (D. Don, 1. c.) branches downy ; leaves 3
in a whorl, linear, short, slightly ciliated ; flowers terminal,
umbellate ; bracteas unilateral, pressed to the calyx ; corolla
pea-shaped, with an 8-angled base ; anthers foraminose near
the apex. P> . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
umbellata, Baur. pi. kew. t. 3. Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 501. Lcefl.
res. p. 138. Andr. heath. 2. t. 40. Wendl. eric. 4. p. 3. with
a figure. Lodd. bot. cab. 1217. Erica lentiformis, Sal. in Lin.
trans. 4. p. 344. Flowers disposed in terminal, umbellate fas-
cicles. Corollas 1^ line long, globosely conical, purplish-red.
Anthers black. Calyx glabrous.
Umbellate Moor-Heath. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1782. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
24 G. VILLOSA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, spreading, villous ;
flowers axillary or terminal, on long pedicels, drooping, usually
by threes ; calycine segments ovate, villous ; corollas urceolate,
with the limb a little connivent. Jj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica villosa, Andr. heath. 3. t. 53. Corollas
white, with black anthers.
Villous Moor Heath. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
25 G. DUMOSA; leaves 4 in a whorl, oval, with revolute
edges, spreading, hispid ; flowers terminal, corymbose, droop-
ing ; calyxes adpressed, foliaceous ; bracteas close to the calyx ;
corollas urceolate. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica dumosa, Andr. heath. 4. icon. Flowers pale
red.
Bushy Moor Heath. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812. Shrub 1£
foot.
26 G. NUDIFLORA (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 153.)
leaves 3 in a whorl, linear-cuneated, ciliated, or slightly hairy,
spreading ; flowers axillary and terminal, aggregate, erect; corolla
ovate-cone-shaped ; bracteas minute, remote from the calyx ;
fruit smooth. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica nudiflora, Lin. mant. t. 229. Lodd. bot. cab. 176.
Smith, icon. ined. 3. t. 57. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 366. Erica
floribunda, Wendl. eric. 14. p. 19. with a figure. Erica serti-
flora, Sal in Lin. trans. 6. p. 342. Flowers purplish-red. Corolla
Ig. line long, with an urceolate tube.
Naked flowered Moor Heath. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1783.
Shrub 2 feet.
27 G. STAMI'NEA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, glabrous, erect ;
flowers axillary, scattered ; bracteas approximating the calyx ;
corolla subrotate, about equal in length to the calyx ; stamens
divaricate, much exserted. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica staminea, Andr. heath. 3. t. 48. Flowers
sulphur-coloured.
Long-stamened Moor Heath. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1799.
Shrub 2 feet.
28 G. TIARSFLORA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, stiff, spreading, ob-
tuse ; flowers terminal, glomerate, drooping ; calyx bracteate ;
corolla covered by the calyx, having the tube dilated at the
base ; filaments gradually dilated, f? . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica tiarseflora, Andr. heath. 3. t. 52.
Erica placentiflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 348. Plant with
pale hoary aspect. Calyx coloured. Flowers red ; anthers
black.
Turban-flowered Moor Heath. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1800.
Shrub 2 feet.
29 G. IMBRICA'TA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, erect, imbri-
cated ; branches rather hairy ; calyx imbricated by bracteas ;
corolla urceolate, 1 line long, length of calyx ; flowers terminal,
aggregate, erectish ; pericarp gegartoid. Ij . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica imbricata, Lin. mant. 372. diss.
ERICACEAE. II. GYPSOCALLIS.
803
no. 52. with a figure of the flower, spec. ed. 2. p. 503. Andr.
heath. 1. t. 34. Lodd. hot. cab. 1247. Erica quinquangularis,
Berg. pi. cap. p. 117. Erica pyramidalis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6.
p. 349. Flowers small, white or red, with brown anthers.
Imbricated-bractead Moor Heath. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1786.
Shrub 1 foot.
30 G. sauAM^FLORA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear ; flowers
terminal ; bracteas scattered above the middle of the pedicels ;
corolla f of a line long, shorter than the calyx ; anthers acu-
minated ; fruit broad, ovate. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica squamaeflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 349.
Erica imbricata, Roxb. mss. but not of Lin.
Scale-flowered Moor Heath. Fl. March. Dec. Clt. 1796.
Shrub 2 feet.
31 G. CK'SIA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, short, linear, glabrous;
flowers terminal, twin, erect ; calyx imbricate by bracteas ; co-
rolla campanulate, § of a line long, shorter than the calyx ; an-
thers obtuse, with a broad dissepiment ; fruit ovate ; stigma
broadish. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
cae'sia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 349.
Grey Moor Heath. Shrub.
32 G. FLEXUOSA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, glabrous, erect,
short ; flowers terminal, usually by threes, erect ; bracteas
scattered above the middle of the pedicels, imbricate, small ;
corolla bell- shaped, 1 line long, longer than the calyx, which is
coloured ; anthers obtuse, with a narrow dissepiment ; nectarium
large ; fruit imbricate. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica flexuosa, And. heath. 1. t. 23. Sal. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 349. Lodd. bot. cab. 1495. E. divaricata, Wendl.
eric. 7. p. 5. Flowers white, with red anthers.
Tlexuous Moor Heath. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1792. Shrub
,1 to 2 feet.
33 G. LAscivA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear ; flowers termi-
nal ; calyx imbricated by bracteas ; corolla -f of a line long, a
little shorter than the calyx ; anthers foraminose from the base ;
stigma peltate, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica lasciva, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 349. Erica imbricata,
Thunb. diss. no. 11.
Wanton Moor Heath. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1
to 2 feet.
34 G. DIOT^EFLORA ; leaves 3 in a whorl ; flowers axillary at
the top of the branches ; calycine segments cuneated ; corolla
1 j line long, with an urceolate tube ; anthers a little exserted ;
pericarp downy. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica diotaeflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 342. Erica pistillaris,
Sol. mss.
Trvo-eared-flowered Moor-Heath. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1795.
Shrub.
35 G. STYLOSA ; leaves 3 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ; pedi-
cels long, furnished with bracteas near the calyx ; corolla 1 line
long, a little longer than the calyx ; anthers pointed ; fruit oval ;
style very long, f? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica stylosa, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 350. Erica bracteata,
Roxb. mss. but not of Lin.
Long-styled Moor Heath. Fl. Jan. Aug. Clt. 1789.
Shrub.
36 G. POHLMA'NNII ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ? obtuse, imbricated ;
flowers terminal ; corolla with a globose tube, and a 4-parted
limb ; anthers a little exserted. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica Pohlmannii, Lodd. bot. cab. 1852. Flowers
pale red, with deep red anthers.
Pohlmann's Moor-Heath. Fl. May. Clt. 1816. Shrub.
37 G.LONGIPEDUNCULA'TA; leaves oval, mucronate, 3 in a whorl,
hispid ; flowers terminal, umbellate, on long pedicels, pendulous;
bracteas remote from the calyx, deciduous ; calyxes adpressed ;
corolla ovate ; anthers mutic. Pj • G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica longipedunculata, Lodd. bot. cab. 103.
Flowers large, purple, pedicellate, and are, as well as the
calyxes, beset with glandular hairs.
Long-peduncled Heath. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1805. Shrub
1 foot.
38 G. ROSTE'LLA ; leaves 3 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ;
bracteas imbricated ; corolla ovate-globose. Ij . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica rostella, Bedf. eric. wob. p. 21.
Flowers white.
Small-beaked Moor-Heath. Fl. April. June. Clt. 1810.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
39 G. PELTA'TA ; leaves 3 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ;
bracteas remote from and approximating the calyx ; corolla
round, with deep, loose segments. Ij . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica peltata, Andr. heath. 4. icon. Erica
exserta, Bedf. eric. wob. p. 9. Flowers pale purplish-red.
Peltate Moor-Heath. Fl. Spring, Autumn. Clt. 1810.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
§ 2. Anthers corniculate. Aberrant species.
* Leaves 3 in a whorl. Corollas campanulate.
40 G. ARTICULA'RIS ; leaves 3 in a whorl, glabrous ; flowers
terminal, umbellate ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; anthers
corniculate ; corollas slender, campanulate. 17 . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica articularis, Bedf. hort. eric,
wob. p. 2. but not of Thunb. nor Curt. Flowers reddish-
purple.
Jointed Moor-Heath. Shrub.
41 G. LODDIGE'SII ; leaves 3 in a whorl, downy ; flowers termi-
nal ; bracteas approximating the calyx, sessile; corolla campanu-
late, with deep segments ; anthers awned. J? . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica concava, Lodd. bot. cab. 134. but
not of Ker. Flowers pale purplish-red, spreading. Probably a
species of Erica.
Loddiges's Heath. Fl. Oct. Dec. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 to 2
feet.
42 G. INTERTE'XTA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ciliated with long
hairs ; flowers sessile ; bracteas approximating the calyx, which
is ciliated ; corolla round, campanulate ; anthers awned. Tj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica intertexta, Lodd.
bot. cab. 1034. Flowers yellow. Anthers black.
Interivoten-leaved Moor-Heath. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818.
Shrub 1| foot.
43 G. PANICULA'TA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, triquetrous,
glabrous ; branches tomentose ; flowers terminal, by threes ;
corolla f of a line long, campanulate, having the segments im-
bricate at the base ; spurs of anthers linear, smooth ; style ex-
serted. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
paniculata, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 508. Lodd. bot. cab. 1194.
Erica milleflora, Berg. pi. cap. p. 96. Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p.
350. Flowers red. There is also a white-flowered variety of
the species.
Panicled-fiowered Moor-Heath. Fl. Feb. April. Clt. 1774.
Shrub.
44 G. BEDFORDIA'NA ; leaves 3 in a whorl; flowers terminal;
bracteas remote from the calyx ; corolla bell-shaped ; anthers
awned, exserted, as well as the style. Jj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica mellifera, Bedf. eric. wob. p. 15.
Duke of Bedford's Gypsocallis. Fl. Spring. Clt. 1812.
Shrub.
* * Leaves 3 in a rvhorl. Corollas urceolate.
45 G. FRA'GRANS ; glabrous ; leaves opposite, or 3 in a whorl,
5 K2
804
ERICACEAE. II. GYPSOCALLIS. III. SIBERIA.
subulate ; flowers terminal or lateral, usually by twos ; corolla
campanulate, with a revolute limb ; anthers exserted, black,
mutic. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
fragrans, Ker, in bot. mag. 2181. Flowers pale red, with
blackish anthers. Perhaps a species of Lamprotis.
Fragrant Moor-Heath. Fl. Spring. CIt. 1803. Shrub.
46 G. NIGR'ITA (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 153.)
leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, triquetrous, glabrous, shining, spread-
ing ; flowers terminal, usually by threes ; pedicels pilose, with
broad imbricating bracteas, which are coloured like the calyx ;
corolla globosely bell-shaped, or urceolar, with a revolute limb ;
fruit tomentose. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica nigrita, Lin. diss. mant. 65. Thunb. diss. no. 53.
Andr. heath. 1. t. 32. Wendl. eric. fasc. 12. p. 11. with a
figure. Erica laricina, Berg. pi. cap. p. 94. E. volutaeflora,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 335.— Seb. thes. 2. p. 11. t. 9. f. 7.
Sides of calyx recurved at top. Corolla white, with black cor-
niculate anthers.
Black-anihered Moor-Heath. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1790.
Shrub 1 foot.
47 G. LYKIGERA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, shining, linear, trigonal ;
flowers terminal ; corolla urceolate, with a recurved limb ; spurs
of anthers serrated; anthers lyraeform, hairy; fruit tomentose.
1*1 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica lyrigera,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 336. Erica nigrita, Roxb. but not of
Sal. Flowers white, with black anthers.
Lyre-bearing Moor-Heath. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1790.
Shrub.
* * * Leaves 4 in a whorl. Corollas campanulate,
48 G. CISTIFOLIA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, beset with glandular
hairs ; flowers terminal ; bracteas remote from the calyx ;
corolla bell-shaped, with reflexed segments ; anthers subcorni-
culate. I? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
cistifolia, Link. enum. l.p. 369. Bedf. eric. wob. p. 5. Co-
rollas white. Calyx hairy.
Cislus-leaved Moor-Heath. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
49 G. EXPR6MPTA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, spreadingly
reflexed, hairy, bearded at the apex ; branches woolly ; flowers
aggregate, terminal, drooping ; corolla campanulate ; anthers
awned or corniculate. Pj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica exprompta, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 195.
Drawn-out-anthered Moor-Heath. Fl. April, Sept. Clt,
1811. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. See Erica, p. 800. for culture and propagation of the
greenhouse species ; and Calluna, p. 828, for those of the
hardy kinds.
III. BLjE'RIA (named after Patrick Blair, M.D. F.R.S.
He practised medicine at Boston in Lincolnshire, and was
author of Miscellaneous Observations in 1718, and Botanic
Essays in 1720, &c.) Lin. gen. 139. Juss. gen. 160. D. Don,
in Edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 157. Erica species, Sal. in Lin.
trans.
LIN. SYST. Tetra-Penldndria Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted.
Corolla short-tubular, with a 4-cleft limb. Stamens 4-6, in-
serted in the receptacle ; filaments linear, flattened, glabrous ;
anthers bipartite ; cells of anthers attenuated at the base, mutic,
dehiscing by an oblong hole. Stigma simple, obtuse. Capsule
4-celled, many-seeded. — Much branched shrubs, natives of the
Cape of Good Hope. Leaves verticillate, with revolute mar-
gins. Flowers terminal, glomerate.
Anthers mutic.
1 B. ERicoiDEs (Lin. spec. 162.) leaves 4 in a whorl, oblong,
obtuse, ringed ; bracteas 3, length of calyx ; stamens 4-5, ex--
serted. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
Blae'ria, Thunb. prod. 72. Wendl. coll. 1. p. 73. p. 25.
Lodd. bot. cab. 85. Erica dumosa, Sal. in Lin. trans, p. 341.
Erica Blaeria rubra, Hortul. — Petiv. gaz. 471. t. 2. f. 10.
Erica orbicularis, Lodd. bot. cab. 153. Corolla purplish red.
Calyx bibracteate.
Var. (3,pdllida; (Lodd. bot. cab. 85.) Flowers pale red.
Heath-like Blseria. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1774. Shrub.
2 B. DEPRE'SSA (Licht. mss. ex Roam, et Schultes, syst. 3. p.
168.) leaves 3-4 in a whorl, linear, spreading, hairy; anthers
exserted. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Co-
rolla cylindrical, rufescent.
Depressed Blaeria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Shrub
depressed.
3 B. SCA'BRA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 629.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
lanceolate, pilose ; calyx funnel-shaped, glabrous ; corolla gla-
brous ; stamens 4, exserted. fy . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Wendl. coll. 1. p. 85. t. 31. Erica scabra,
Thunb. prod. 1. p. 72. Erica exilisr Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p.
340. Flowers purplish-red.
Scabrous Blaeria. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1
foot.
4 B. FASCICULAVTA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 629.) leaves 4 in a
whorl, lanceolate, ciliately scabrous ; stamens 4, exserted. ?
tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica fasciculata,
Thunb. prod. 72. fl. cap. 2.
Fascicled-flowered Blaeria. Fl. June, July. Shrub 1 foot.
5 B. ARTICULA'TA (Lin. mant. 198.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
ovate or linear, glabrous, shining ; bracteas solitary ; calyx fun-
nel-shaped, hairy ; stamens 4T5, exserted. ^ • G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica articulata, Thunb. prod. 71.
Wendl. coll. 2. p. 19. t. 44. Erica paleacea, Sal. in Lin. trans.
6. p. 341. Erica eriocephala, Lam. encyc. no. 73. ill. 78.
Flowers reddish. Heads drooping.
Jointed-stemmed Blaeria. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1795. Shrub
1 foot.
6 B. PURPU'REA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 630. Lin. suppl. 122.)
leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate, subciliated ; stem flexuous, erect ;
anthers inclosed. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica purpiirea, Thunb. prod. 71. Flowers purple. Heads
drooping.
Purple-fiowered Blaeria. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1791. Shrub.
7 B. MUCOSA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 630. Ait. hort. kew. 1. p.
150.) leaves 4 in a whorl ; calyx pilose; corolla campanulate,
pilose above ; flowers axillary ; stigma peltate. J; . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica albens. Thunb. prod.
70.?
Mossy Blaeria. Fl. June, Aui. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 foot.
8 B. PUSILLA (Lin. mant. 39. Willd. spec. 1. p. 629.) leaves
3-4 in a whorl, linear, hairy ; flowers racemose, drooping. Tj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica pusilla, Thunb.
prod. p. 70. Branches downy. Leaves scabrous.
Least Blaeria. Shrub.
9 B. HIRSU'TA (Licht. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 170.)
leaves 3 in a whorl, fleshy, nearly terete, spreading ; calyx
pilose ; corolla cylindrical ; anthers 4, exserted. Tj . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla flesh-coloured. An-
thers black.
Hairy Blaeria. Shrub.
10 B. PAUCIFLORA (Wendl. coll. 2. p. 17. t. 43.) leaves 3 in
a whorl, ovate, glabrous ; corolla clavate, glabrous ; calyx
ERICACEAE. III. BL/ERIA. IV. SYMPIEZA. V. PACHYSA.
805
hairy ; anthers exserted. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Flowers red.
Fen-flowered Blaeria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1812. Shrub.
11 B. THUNBE'RGII ; leaves 4 in a whorl; bracteas and
calyxes very pilose ; corolla 2 lines long, hairy ; stamens 4-5,
very broad at top, inclosed. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica hirsuta, Thunb. prod. p. 72. Sal. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 339.
Thunberg's Blaeria. Shrub.
12 B. CILICUFLORA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, minute ; calyx
very pilose ; bracteas distinct ; corolla 1^ line long, hairy ; sta-
mens 4, inclosed, f? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica ciliciiflora, Sal. in. Lin. trans. 339. Anthers didymous,
bearded.
Ciliated-homered Blaeria. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
13 B. XERANTHEMIF6LIA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, recurved;
calyx woolly, imbricate ; corolla 1 j lines long, woolly ; stamens
exserted. Fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
xeranthemifolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 339.
Xeranthemum-leaved Blasria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1812.
Shrub.
14 B. NODIFLORA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, villous ; calyx funnel-
shaped, very villous ; corolla 1-j- line long, hairy ; stamens 4,
exserted. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
nodiflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 340.
Knot-flowered Blaeria. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1799. Shrub.
15 B. FLOSCULOSA ; leaves 4 in a whorl; calyx fringed;
corolla | line long, with a very narrow tube and dilated limb ;
stamens 4, exserted, with very narrow filaments, f? . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica flosculdsa, Sal. in Lin.
trans. 16. p. 340. The flowers resemble the florets in the disk
of Compositce.
Flosculose Blaeria. Shrub.
16 B. BARBI'GERA ; leaves 4 in a whorl ; calyx deeply 4-cleft,
imbricated by bracteas, bearded ; corolla glabrous, 2 lines long ;
stamens 4-5, exserted ; style very narrow. f? . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica barbigera, Sal. in Lin. trans.
6. p. 341.
Beard-bearing Blaeria. Shrub.
17 B. TURMA'LIS ; leaves 6 in a whorl ; peduncles very
short ; calyx minute, adpressed ; corolla 2 lines long ; stamens
4-5, exserted ; anthers broad. F? . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica tunnalis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 342.
Trooper Blaeria. Shrub.
18 B. EQUISETIFOLIA ; leaves 3 in a whorl ; flowers 3-5 in a
fascicle; peduncles long, glabrous; corolla 1-| line long; sta-
mens 4-5, exserted. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica equisetifolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. C. p. 342.
Horsetail-leaved Blaeria. Fl. July. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
§ 2. Anthers arvned.
19 B. GLABE'LLA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 631.) leaves 4 in a
whorl, oblong, glabrous, with scabrous margins, numerous ;
bracteas solitary ; calyx funnel-shaped, quadrangular ; corolla
2 lines long ; stamens 4, exserted ; spurs of anthers deflexed.
fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. B. purpurea,
Berg. pi. cap. 34. B. pusilla, Lin. mant. p. 39. Erica gla-
bella, Thunb. prod. 73. Erica embolifera, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6.
p. 340. — Seb. thes. 1. p. 30. t. 20. f. 2. Flowers purple.
Smooth Blaeria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Shrub.
20 B. CILIA'RIS (Lin. suppl. 122.) leaves 4 in a whorl, gla-
brous, minute ; calyx very hairy ; corolla 1^ line long, hairy ;
stamens 4-5, inclosed ; filaments spurred. Ij . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Wendl. coll. &. p. 35. t. 49.?
Erica plumosa, Thunb. prod. 73. Sal. in Lin. trans 6.
p. 339.
Ct/iaterf-calyxed Blaeria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1794. Shrub
1 foot.
21 B. DUMOSA (Wendl. coll. 2. p. 3. t. 38.) leaves 3-4 in a
whorl, linear, obtuse, erect, 1 line long ; corolla 1^ line long,
glabrous ; anthers crested, exserted. J; . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers rose-coloured, drooping.
Bushy Blseria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1806. Shrub 1 foot.
22 B. BRUNLEFOLIA ; leaves 6 in a whorl, long ; bracteas near
the calyx, the outer one very long ; corolla !•£ line long ; sta-
mens 6, exserted ; filaments spurred. Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica bruniaefolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6.
p. 341. Erica hemispherica, Sol. mss.
Brunia-leaved Blaeria. Shrub.
Cult. Pretty little shrubs, deserving a place in every collec-
tion of greenhouse plants. A mixture of turfy peat and sand is
the best soil for them ; and young tops root readily, planted
in a pot of sand in spring, with a bell-glass over them.
IV. SYMPIEVZA (from avfiinefa, sympiezo, to press; in
reference to the stamens, which adhere to the tube of the
corolla.) Licht. mss. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 8. no.
447. and p. 171.
LIN. SYST. Tetrandria Monogynia. Calyx turbinate, com-
pressed, bilabiate, fringed. Corolla tubular, sub-bilabiate,
longer than the calyx. Stamens 4-5, inserted in the tube of the
corolla, exserted ; anthers erect ; style length of stamens ;
stigma simple. Capsule 4-celled, many-seeded. — A small
branched shrub, native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves
adpressed, erect, imbricated, 3 in a whorl, linear, trigonal, gla-
brous, engraven by a line above. Flowers drooping, disposed
in terminal heads, purplish.
1 S. CAPITELLA^TA (Licht. 1. c.) fj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. 'Blaeria bracteata, Wendl. coll. 2. p. 1. t. 37.
Erica labialis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 340. Heads of flowers
disposed in a racemose manner.
Small-headed Sympieza. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1812.
Shrub.
Gult. See Blceria above for culture and propagation.
V. PACH Y'SA (from Tra^e, pachys, thick ; in reference to
the thick substance of the corolla). D. Don, in edinb. phil.
journ. 17. p. 153. — Erica species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Octandria Monogynia. Calyx deeply 4-parted,
(f. 135 a.) coriaceous. Corolla nearly globose,(f. 135 c.)coriaceous,
with a contracted 4-lobed mouth, (f. 135 d.) Stamens inclosed ;
filaments much dilated ; anthers bifid ; cells of anthers short,
crested at the base, opening by an oblique foramen. Style dilated
at the base ; stigma simple, obtuse. Disk hypogynous, elevated.
Capsule 4-celled, many-seeded. — Small erect shrubs, natives of
the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves loosely imbricated, compressed,
3 in a whorl. Flowers large, terminal, subcorymbose, drooping ;
pedicels bracteolate.
1 P. A'RDENS(D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 153.) leaves
linear, spreading, glabrous, 3 in a whorl, stiff; corolla ovate, glo-
bose ; bracteas 3, 2 approximate to the calyx and one remote
from it. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
ardens, Andr. heath. 2. t. 14. Ker. bot. reg. t. 115. Bedf.
eric. wob. pi. 3. f. 23. Lodd. bot. cab. 47. Flowers orange-
red.
Ardent Pachysa. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1 to
2 feet.
806
ERICACEAE. V. PACHYSA. VI. CERAMIA.
FIG. 135.
2 P. VE'RNIX (D. Don. 1. c.)
leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, ra-
ther scabrous, spreading ; co-
rolla ovate-globose, very clam-
my ; bracteas remote from the
calyx. Ij . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica
vernix, Andr. heath. 3. t. 19.
Bedf. eric. wob. t. 3. f. 2 1 . Lodd.
bot. cab. 1443. Erica resinosa,
Sims, bot. mag. 1. 1139. Corollas
orange-red, tipped with green.
Varnished Pachysa. Fl. May,
Aug. Clt. 1803. Shrub 1 to
2 feet.
3 P. ARISTA'TA ; leaves 3 in
a whorl, linear, spreading,
roughish ; corolla ovate-globose,
clammy ; bracteas approximating the calyx ; cells of anthers
awned. 1j . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
ve>nix, var. coccinea, Bedf. eric. wob. p. 27. t. 3. f. 22. Co-
rolla reddish-orange, tipped with green. This species differs
from the rest in the anthers being awned, not crested.
y/nmed-anthered Pachysa. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? Shrub 1
to 2 feet.
4 P. LAMBERTIA'NA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, glabrous,
spreading ; corollas glabrous, ovate-globose ; bracteas 3, 2 near
the calyx, and 1 remote from it. Tj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica Lambertia, Andr. heath. 2. t. 18.
Erica Lambertiana, Sol. in Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 391. Lodd.
bot. cab. 3. Calyx red. Corollas white.
Lambert's Pachysa. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1
to 2 feet.
5 P. PHYSODES ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, with glandular
margins ; calycine segments ovate ; corollas ovate-globose ;
bracteas remote from the calyx, fj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica physbdes, Thunb. diss. no. 89. Lin.
diss. no. 32. spec. ed. 20. p. 506. Berg. fl. cap. 101. Andr.
heath. 1. t. 22. Curt. bot. mag. 443. Wendl. eric. 7. p. 13.
with a figure. Bedf. eric. wob. pi. 3. f. 24. Erica salax, Sal.
in Lin. trans. 6. p, 370. Leaves glutinose. Corollas white
and clammy, having the interstices of the limb ending in a tumid
hook.
Bladder- flowered Pachysa. Fl. March, July. Clt. 1788.
Shrub.
6 P. FORMOSA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong, obtuse, spreading;
calyxes spreading ; corolla ovate-globose, clammy. Jj • G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica formosa, Thunb.
diss. no. 80. t. 3. f. 3. Corolla white.
Beautiful Pachysa. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1
to 2 feet.
7 P. BA'CCANS (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 153.)
leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, trigonal, glabrous, erect ; bracteas
approximating the calyx ; corolla turbinate, with a 4-angled
tube. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica bac-
cans, Lin. mant. 233. Curt. bot. mag. no. 358. Andr. heath.
1. t. 21. Wendl. eric. 6. p. 13. Baur. icon. kew. t. 22.
Erica baccseformis, Sal. in. Lin. trans. 6. p. 352. Seb. thes. 1.
p. 32. t. 21. f. 3. Calyx and bracteas coloured. Corolla red-
dish-purple.
Berry-fioweieA Pachysa. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1774. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
8 P. VESICULA'RIS ; leaves 3 in a whorl, besprinkled with
black vesicles; corolla 1 line long, clothed with viscid pu-
bescence; anthers inclosed: spurs of anthers parallel, cuneated ;
fruit silky. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica vesicularis, Sol. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 335. Erica conacea,
Hortul.
Vesided Pachysa. Fl. Feb. Aug. Clt. 1796. Shrub.
9. P. GLOMIFLORA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, narrow-cuneated ;
flowers terminal ; calyx imbricated by bracteas ; corolla 2-|
lines long, viscid, with a spherical tube ; spurs of anthers very
villous. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
glomiflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 330. Erica viscaria, Sol. mss.
Tufted-flowered Pachysa. Shrub.
Cult. See Erica, p. 800. for culture and propagation.
VI. CERA'MIA (from /cepapov, keramion, a pitcher ; shape
of flowers). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 153. — Erica
species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria Monogy'nia. Calyx 4-parted, gluma-
ceous. Corolla urceolate, with a 4-lobed limb. Stamens in-
closed ; filaments dilated, flat ; anthers bifid ; cells of anthers
short, aristate at the base. Stigma capitate. Capsule 4-celled,
many-seeded. — Small erect shrubs, natives of the Cape of Good
Hope. Leaves scattered, bluntish, flat, glaucous beneath.
Flowers terminal, subcorymbose.
1 C. URCEOLA'RIS (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. July, 1834).
leaves 3 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, pubescent; bracteas re-
mote from the calyx ; corollas downy, urceolate. Tj . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica urceolaris, Berg. pi.
cap. p. 107. Sol. in hort. kew. 2. p. 395. Wendl. eric. p. 31 1.
with a figure. Baur. pi. Ker. t. 16. Erica Caffra, Lin. spec.
502. Erica lamellaris, Sol. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 327. Erica
pentaphylla, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 506. Corolla 3 lines long,
white. Spurs of anthers glabrous.
Pitcher-Aowered Ceramia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1778.
Shrub.
2 C. AURICULA'RIS ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate ;
corolla 3 lines long, downy outside, with an ovate tube ; spurs
of anthers minute, ear-formed. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica auricularis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 327.
Like the preceding, but differs in the spurs of the anthers.
^uric/erf-anthered Ceramia. Fl. April, Nov. Clt. 1800.
Shrub 1 foot.
3 C. MARIFOLIA (D, Don, 1. c.) leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate,
downy ; bracteas near the calyx ; corolla ovate-globose, pubes-
cent both inside and outside ; spurs of anthers downy. J? . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica marifolia, Sol. in Ait.
hort kew. 2. ed. 2d. p. 402. Baur. icon. pi. kew. t. 14. Andr.
heath. 1. t. 1. Wendl. eric. 2. p. 9. with a figure. Calyxes
foliaceous. Corolla white, If line long.
Cat-thyme-leaved Ceramia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1792.
Shrub 2 feet.
4 C. HELIANTHEMIFOLIA \ leaves opposite, obovate ; corolla
urceolate, 2 lines long, downy both inside and outside ; spurs of
anthers long. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica helianthemifolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 328. Corollas
white. ?
Rock-rose-leaved Ceramia. Fl. Feb. April. Clt. 1796.
Shrub.
5 C. PLANIFOLIA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate, ciliated, re-
motish ; flowers axillary, by threes ; corolla urceolate, clothed
with viscid down ; calyx spreading, ciliated with glands ; fruit
smooth. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
planifolia, Thunb. diss. no. 60. Berg. pi. cap. p. 10. Lin.
spec. ed. 2d. p. 508. Wendl. eric. 10. p. 59. Erica thymi-
folia, Sal. in. Lin. trans. 6. p. 325. Corolla red. Anthers in-
closed. Stem diffuse.
ERICACEAE. VI. CERAMIA. VII. DESMIA. VIII. EURYLEPIS.
807
Var. /3 ; anthers exserted. 1? . G. Erica planifolia, Willd.
spec. 2. p. 362. — Pluk. mant. p. 69. t. 347. f. 1.
Var. y ; corolla smooth ; anthers exserted. fj . G. Erica
thymifolia, Wendl. obs. p. 48.
Flat-leaved Ceramia. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub 2
feet.
6 C. THYMIFOLIA ', leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate, spreading, re-
motish, ciliated ; flowers axillary, solitary ; spurs of anthers
short ; corolla globose, urceolate, downy. ? fj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica thymifolia, Andr. heath. 2. t.
29. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 402. Bracteas remote from the
calyx. Corollas white, but in Andrew's figure they are red or
purple.
Thyme-leaved Ceramia. Fl. March, Nov. Clt. 1789.
Shrub.
7 C. TEUCRIFOLIA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, lanceolate, rather vil-
lous, spreading ; flowers axillary, cymose. Tj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica teucrifolia, Spreng. syst. 2.
p. 109.
Teucrium-leaved Ceramia. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1812.
Shrub.
8 C. CORDAVTA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate, sub-cordate, vil-
lous above and woolly beneath ; branches divaricate, hairy ;
corollas globose ; anthers mutic. fy . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica cordata, Andr. heath. 3. t. 41. Co-
rollas white, with black anthers.
Cordate-leaved Ceramia. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1799.
Shrub diffuse.
9 C. ? CALATHIFLORA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate, imbricated ;
flowers terminal ; calyx tomentose ; corolla campanulate, 1 line
long, smooth ; spurs of anthers cuneated, hairy ; fruit tomen-
tose ; style exserted. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica calathiflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 328. Erica
bicolor, Thunb. diss. no. 57. Willd. spec. 2. p. 363.
Bowl-flowered Ceramia. Fl. Nov. March. Clt. 1790.
Shrub.
10 C. LATIFOLIA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong-la'nceolate,
villous above and white beneath, as in the rest of the species ;
flowers axillary, aggregate; corollas conical ; genitals exserted;
anthers mutic. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica latifolia, Andr. 2. t. 41. Flowers dark red or purple.
Branches flexuous.
Broad-leaved Ceramia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
11C. OBLiauA ; leaves obliquely verticillate, linear, truncate,
with glandular margins; spikes of flowers terminal, coarctate ;
corollas urceolate, viscid, having the interstices of the limb end-
ing in a tumid hook each ; anthers awned. Tj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica obliqua, Thunb. diss. no. 73.
with a good figure. Baur. pi. kew. t. 3. Andr. heath, 1. t. 23.
Wendl. eric. 17. p. 77. with a figure. Bracteas remote from
the calyx ; calycine segments linear-oblong. Corollas pale
purple.
Oblique-leaved Ceramia. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1789.
Shrub.
12 C. OXYCOCCIFOLIA ; stems decumbent, filiform; leaves 3
in a whorl, ovate ; corolla 1^ line long, campanulate, hairy ;
filaments mutic. ^ • Gr. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica oxycoccifolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 325. — A very
pretty species, with the habit of Oxycoccus palustris. Flowers
red.
Cranberry-leaved Ceramia. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1791.
Shrub decumbent.
13 C. BLE'NNA ; leaves 4-5 in a whorl, ovate, cuneated ; co-
rolla urceolate, 4-5 lines long, viscid, having the segments im-
bricated at the base ; filaments very broad ; anthers corniculate.
Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — A very fine spe-
cies. Corollas yellow, with a green mouth. Perhaps a species
of Pachifsa.
Blenna Ceramia. Shrub.
14 C. SERPYLLIFOLIA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate, ciliated,
sessile ; flowers terminal ; branches hairy. Tj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica serpyllifolia, Lodd. bot. cab.
744-. Corollas white.
mid- Thyme-leaved Ceramia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810.
Shrub.
15 C. ? HUMIFU'SA ; leaves opposite, or 3 in a whorl, oval ;
corolla 1J line long, with an ample limb; flowers terminal;
anthers mutic, inclosed ; style much exserted. ^ . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica humifusa, Sal. in Lin. trans.
6. p. 332.
Trailing Ceramia. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Shrub.
Cult. See Erica, p. 800. for culture and propagation.
VII. DE'SMIA (from Stapr), dtsme, a fascicle ; in reference
to the glomerate flowers). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. July,
1834 — Erica species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx 4-toothed. Co-
rolla globose, with a contracted 4-toothed mouth. Stamens ex-
serted ; filaments flattened ; cells of anthers short, dehiscing by
an oblong foramen, with the base truly simple and confluent in
the filament. Stigma capitate. Capsule 4-celled, many-seeded.
Seeds scrobiculate. — Small erect shrubs, natives of the Cape of
Good Hope. Leaves scattered, spreading, subulate. Flowers
terminal, glomerate.
1 D. CONFE'RTA (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 153.)
flowers umbellate, sessile, fasciculate ; filaments narrow, fj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica conferta, Andr.
heath. 2. t. 50. Sol. in Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 409. Lodd.
bot. cab. 1335. Leaves 4 in a whorl. Corollas white.
Crowded-flowered Desmia.- Fl. Oct. Feb. Clt. 1800.
Shrub 1 foot.
2 D. JEQVA^LIS (D. Don. 1. c.) umbels pedunculate, aggre-
gate ; filaments dilated. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope.
Equal Desmia. Shrub.
3 D. POLIFOLIA (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves 3 in a whorl, aristate ;
flowers fascicled ; corollas oblong, with a dilated throat ; fila-
ments dilated ; stigma nearly simple, fj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope.
Folium-leaved Desmia. Shrub.
Cult. See Erica, p. 800. for culture and propagation.
VIII. EURYLE'PIS (from ivpvg, eurys, broad, and
lepis, a scale ; in reference to the dilated scales of the calyx).
D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 154. — Erica species of
authors.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, coria-
ceous, bibracteate at the base. Corolla tubular, coriaceous,
ventricose at the base, with a 4-cleft erect limb. Stamens in-
closed ; filaments dilated, canaliculate ; anthers bipartite; cells
of anthers coriaceous, dehiscing by an oblong foramen, auricled
at the base. Stigma clavate, with a 4 tubercled disk and a cre-
nulated ring. Capsule 4-celled, many-seeded. Segments of
placenta 2-lobed. Seeds oval, ventricose. — Diffusely branched
shrubs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves scattered,
with revolute margins. Flowers terminal, solitary, large, pen-
dulous.
808
ERICACEAE. VIII. EURYLEPIS.
§ 1. Anthers mutic at the base. Normal species.
1 E. HALICA'CABA (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves 3 in a whorl, linear,
glabrous, spreading ; flowers terminal, solitary, or by threes ;
corolla ovate-tubular, glabrous ; bracteas ovate, near the calyx ;
fruit spherical ; calyx adpressed. Ij . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica halicacaba, Thunb. diss. no. 51. Lin.
tliss. no.- 3. with a figure of the flower, spec. ed. 2. p. 507.
amcen. acad. 5. p. 85. Andr. eric. 2. t. 36. Wendl. eric. 6. p.
7. with a figure. Erica rupestris, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 353.
Corolla 7-8 lines long, sulphur-coloured, or yellowish-green.
Kettle-flowered Broad-scaled-Heath. Fl. May, Aug. Clt.
1780. Shrub.
2 E. AZALEiEFOLiA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, lanceolate; flowers
terminal ; corolla 1-| line long, hairy ; anthers mutic, exserted,
foraminose the whole length. Fj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica azaleasfolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 334.
Azalea-leaved Broad-scaled-Heath. Shrub.
3 E. A'LBENS (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 154.)
leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, pilose ; flowers axillary ; bracteas
remote from the calyx ; calyxes acuminated ; corolla ovate,
urceolate, 3 lines long. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica albens, Lin. diss. no. 34. mant. p. 233. Curt,
bot. mag. t. 440. Lodd. bot. cab. 95. Erica viminalis, Sal.
in Lin. trans. 6. p. 387. Flowers cream-coloured.
Whitis/t-fioweTed Broad-scaled-Heath. Fl. Feb. Aug. Clt.
1789. Shrub.
4 E. TETRAGONA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, acuminated,
ciliated, erectly spreading ; flowers axillary, erect ; corolla 4
lines long, with a pyramidal 4-angled tube ; calycine segments
cuspidate and ciliated. Tj. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica tetragona, Thunb. diss. no. 5. with a figure.
Lodd. bot. cab. 1239. Erica pugioniformis, Sal. in Lin. trans.
6. p. 387. Flowers yellow.
Tetragonal-Ro-wered. Broad-scaled-Heath. Fl. July, Sept.
Clt. 1789. Shrub.
5 E.THUNBE'RGII (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 154.)
leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, glabrous, glaucous ; flowers subter-
minal, umbellate ; corolla with a medioliform tube, and the
base of the limb entire ; anthers papulose. ^ . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Thunbergii, Lin. suppl. p. 220.
Andr. heath, vol. 4. icon. Lodd. bot. cab. 277. Ait. hort. kew.
2. p. 389. Bedf. eric. wob. pi. 4. f. 2. Sims, bot. mag. 1214.
Erica medioliflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 331. Corolla with
a globose tube and a large limb, of a reddish-orange colour at
top, and greenish-yellow at the base. — A remarkable species.
Thunberg's Broad-scaled-Heath. Fl. Feb. Aug. Clt. 1794.
Shrub 1 foot.
6 E. BRACTEA'TA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, lanceolate, glabrous,
adpressed ; flowers terminal, umbellate ; bracteas large, obo-
vate, and are, as well as the calyxes, coloured ; corolla 2 lines
long, having the segments crenulated. ^ . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica bracteata, Thunb. diss. no. 3.
Erica obvallaris, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 387. Filaments
spurred.
Bracteale Broad-scaled-Heath. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1800.
Shrub 1 foot.
7 E. MUCRONA'TA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, cus-
pidate, spreading, glabrous ; flowers terminal, racemose ; calyx
bracteate, coloured, about equal in length to the corolla, which
is campanulate. P? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica mucronata, Andr. heath. 3. t. 43. Flowers reddish-
purple.
Mucronate -\eaved Broad-scaled-Heath. Fl. May, Aug. Clt.
1800. Shrub 1 foot.
8 E. PETIOLA'TA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, lanceolate-linear
spreading, on cuneated fringed petioles ; flowers terminal, by
threes ; bracteas broad, imbricated, ribbed, about equal in
length to the corolla, which is bell-shaped, 2| lines long, and
downy at apex. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica petiolaris, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 334. Erica petiolata,
Thunb. diss. no. 7. with a figure. Andr. heath. 3. t. 40. Lodd.
bot. cab. 1150. Bracteas pale red. Corollas white, with black
anthers.
Petiolate-\e&ved Broad-scaled-Heath. Fl. May, July. Clt.
1774. Shrub 1 foot.
9 E. ? OBCORDA'TA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, lanceolate, keeled,
broad, erect, with scabrous margins ; floral leaves or bracteas
dilated ; flowers terminal ; calyxes spreading, about equal in
length to the corolla, which is urceolate ; bracteas loose, ribbed.
T? • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica obcordata,
Link. Bedf. eric. wob. p. 1 7. Calyx and corolla purplish-
red.
Obcordate Broad-scaled-Heath. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1800.
Shrub 1 foot.
10 E. CROSSAVTA ; leaves opposite, or 3 in a whorl, linear, cus-
pidately awned, glabrous, spreading ; flowers terminal, usually
by threes ; peduncles, bracteas, and calyxes fringed ; corolla
conical. Pj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
crossata, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 201.
Pot-flowered Broad-scaled-Heath. Fl. May, June. Clt.?
Shrub.
§ 2. Anthers owned or corniculale at the base.
HE. FRA'GRANS ; leaves 3 in a whorl, subulate, glaucous,
erect ; flowers drooping, terminal, usually by threes ; bracteas
large ; calyx coloured, about equal in length to the corolla,
which is campanulate and spreading ; anthers bifid at the base,
corniculate ; stigma obtuse. Pj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica fragrans, Andr. heath. 2. t. 27. Lodd. bot.
cab. 288. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 407. Calyx and corolla pur-
plish-red.
Fragrant Broad-scaled-Heath. Fl. March, June. Clt. 1803.
Shrub £ foot.
12 E. GLA'BRA; leaves 4 in a whorl, spreading, glabrous;
flowers terminal, on short pedicels ; bracteas remote from the
calyx ; calyx foliaceous ; corolla 7-8 lines long, white ; anthers
subinclosed. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica glabra, Link. enum. 1 . p. 362. Corolla white.
Glabrous Broad Scaled Heath. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820.
Shrub.
13 E. SEXFA'RIA (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 154.)
leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, glabrous, spreading, placed so as to
appear in 6 ranks ; flowers terminal, nearly sessile, drooping ;
bracteas imbricate, angular ; corolla campanulate, a little shorter
than the calyx, glabrous, scarious; stigma obtuse; fruit smooth ;
spurs of anthers long. ^ • Gt. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica sexfaria, Bauer, pi. kew. t. 11. Andr. heath. 2.
t. 28. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 364. Erica spumosa, Thunb. diss.
no. 14. Flowers white ; anthers black, a little exserted.
Six-ranked-\eaved Broad-scaled-Heath. Fl. May, June.
Clt. 1774. Shrub | foot.
14 E. FYROLjEFLORA (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves 3 in a whorl,
linear-cuneaied, glabrous ; flowers terminal, aggregate ; calyx
bracteate, equal in length to the corolla, which is urceolate ; seg-
ments of the calyx ovate, cuneated; spurs of anthers broad, ear-
formed. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
triflora, \Villd. spec. 2. p. 356. exclusive of the synonymes.
Erica pyrolaeflora. Sal. in Lin. trans, p. 2. Flowers white.
Corolla 2 lines long, with a 4-angled spherical tube.
ERICACEAE. VIII. EURYLEPIS. IX. EURVSTEGIA.
809
Winter-Green-jlorvered Broad-scaled Heath. Shrub.
15 E. TRIFJ.6RA; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear-cuneated, gla-
brous, spreading ; flowers terminal ; segments of calyx obcu-
neated ; corolla 1^ line long, with a turbinate rather 4-angled
tube ; spurs of anthers narrow-cuneated. ^ • G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica triflora, Lin. inant. 374.
diss. no. 23. with a figure of the flower. Thunb. diss. no. 79.
with a figure. Lodd. bot. cab. 1733. Erica triflora aristata,
Wendl. obs. p. 47. eric. fasc. 12. p. 13. Erica fugax, Sal.
in. Lin. trans. 6. p. 351. Corolla white, about the length of
the calyx.
Three-flowered Broad-scaled Heath. Fl. March, June. Clt.
1774. Shrub 1 foot.
16 E. PALLIIFLORA ; stem angular; leaves lanceolate-cune-
ated, glabrous; flowers terminal; corolla 1-J. line long, a little
longer than the calyx ; spurs of anthers ear-formed, glabrous.
^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica palliiflora,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 351. Erica Candida, Sol. mss. Flowers
white.
Chaff-florvered Broad-scaled Heath. Fl. Feb. Aug. Clt.
17U6. Shrub 1 foot.
1 7 E. ? DiosMjEFOtiA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, shining ; flowers
terminal ; corolla 2 lines long, with imbricated segments ;
filaments very narrow ; spurs of anthers attenuated, serru-
lated, fy . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
diosmaefolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 350. Erica subserrata,
Roxb. mss.
Diosma-leaved Broad-scaled Heath. Fl. April, July. Clt.
1792. Shrub.
1 8 E. RIGIDIFOLIA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, stiff, shining,
erectly spreading ; flowers terminal, aggregate, drooping ;
calyxes coloured, about equal in length to the corolla, which is
campanulate ; anthers appendiculate. Jj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica rigidifolia, Wendl.
Stiff-leaved Broad-scaled Heath. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818.
Shrub.
19 E. PACHYPHY'LLA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, petiolate, el-
liptic, thick, short, quite glabrous, shining, with scabrous
edges ; flowers aggregate, terminal, glabrous ; calyx equal in
length to the corolla, which is urceolate. ^ . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica pachyphylla, Spreng. syst. 2.
p. 199.
Thick-leaved Broad-scaled Heath. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1
foot.
20 E. MONSONI* ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, attenuated and
ovate, erect, placed so as to appear in 4 ranks ; flowers ter-
minal, nutant ; corollas oblong, inflated, 7-9 lines long ; brae-
teas imbricate, reflexed ; calyx recurvedly spreading; anthers
awned ; fruit globose, quadrangular. Jj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica Monsoniac. Bauer, pi. kew. t. 7.
Andr. heath. 2. t. 1. Sims, bot. mag. 1915. Erica Monso-
niana, Lin. suppl. 223. Thunb. dise. no. 52. with a figure.
Wendl. eric. fasc. 10. p. 9. with a figure. Erica variifolia, Sal.
in Lin. trans. 6. p. 353. Flowers white. Corolla twice longer
than the calyx.
Lady Monson's Broad-scaled Heath. Fl. April, Sept. Clt.
1787. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Erica, p. 800.
IX. EURYSTE'GIA (from cvpvg, eurys, broad, and
siege, a cover ; in reference to the large calyx). D. Don, in
edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 154. — Erica species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria Monogy'nia, Calyx 4-parted, large,
glumaceous. Corolla urceolate, with a contracted 4-toothed
mouth. Stamens inclosed ; filaments dilated, flat ; anthers
VOL. III.
bipartite, opening by an oblong foramen, biappendiculate at the
base : appendages flattened, decurrent, erosely crenated. Stigma
capitate. Capsule 4-celled, many-seeded. — Densely branched
shrubs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves loose, subu-
late, with revolute margins. Flowers almost solitary, drooping,
white or rose-coloured.
1 E. GLAU'CA (D. Don. in. edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 154.)
leaves 3 in a whorl, glaucous, linear, erectly spreading ; flowers
terminal, umbellate ; bracteas remote from the calyx, f; . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica glauca, Andr. heath.
1. p. 15. Sims, bot. mag. 580. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 386. Calyx
and bracteas red. Corolla purplish.
Glaucous Large-calyxed Heath. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1792.
Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
2 E. E'LEGANS ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, glaucous, spread-
ing ; flowers terminal, numerous, capitate ; bracteas near the
calyx. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
elegans, Andr. heath. 3. t. 16. Sims, bot. mag. 966. Lodd.
bot. cab. 105. Bracteas and calyxes pink. Corolla pink, tipped
with green.
Elegant Large-calyxed Heath. FL Nov. Feb. Clt. 1799.
Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
3 E. ANDROMEDaiFLORA (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p.
154.) leaves 3 in a whorl, green, ciliated, stiff, spreading;
flowers axillary ; bracteas remote from the calyx. Tj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica andromedaeflora,
Andr. heath. 3. t. 13. Sims, bot. mag. 1250. Lodd. bot. cab.
521. Erica pomifera, Hortul. Flowers deep red, or reddish-
purple. Calyx pale.
Andromeda-flowered Large-calyxed Heath. March, June.
Clt. 1803. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
4 E. X.ANUGINOSA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, ciliated ;
flowers solitary, axillary ; bracteas ovate, near the calyx ; co-
rolla hardly twice longer than the calyx, tomentose ; anthers
awned. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
lanuginosa, Andr. heath. 3. t. 5. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 382.
Corollas brownish-red, or reddish-green.
Wbo%-flowered Large-calyxed Heath. Fl. Sept. Jan. Clt.
1803. Shrub.
5 E. EMARGINA'TA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong, channelled,
recurved, ciliated ; flowers terminal, by threes ; bracteas near
the calyx, and are, as well as the calyxes, ciliated. T; . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica emarginata, Andr.
heath. 3. t. 20. Flowers white, with black anthers. Very like
Erica nigrita, and Erica lachnetsfblia.
Emarginate Large-calyxed Heath. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1802. Shrub.
6 E. TRICEPS ; leaves 3 in a whorl, somewhat trigonal, cili-
ated, erectly spreading ; branches downy ; flowers terminal, by
threes ; bracteas imbricate ; calycine segments oblong, scarious,
a little shorter than the corolla ; anthers ciliated, mutic, and are,
as well as the style, which is capitate, exserted ; corolla ovate.
*i . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica triceps,
Link, enum. 1. p. 371. Bedf. eric. wob. p. 25. Lodd. bot.
cab. 962. Flowers white. Calyx white.
Three-headed Large calyxed Heath. Fl. May, July. Clt.
1820. Shrub.
7 E. TRIU'MPHANS ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ciliated ; flowers
axillary ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; calyx large, inflated,
angular ; corolla ovate, inflated ; anthers crested ; style in-
closed. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
triumphans, Lodd. bot. cab. 257. Bedf. eric. wob. pi. 3. f, 19.
Flowers large, white.
Conquering Large-calyxed Heath. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1802.
Shrub.
8 E. TEGUtjEFOLiA ; leaves oval, downy ; flowers terminal ;
5L
810
ERICACE.&. IX. EURYSTEGIA. X. LOPHANDRA. XI. LAMPROTIS.
corolla l£ line long, with a turbinate, rather 4-angled limb ;
spurs of anthers large, orbicular. Tj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Leaves broad, imbricated in the straight order.
Tile-leaved Large-calyxed Heath. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
9 E. CORY'DALIS; leaves 3 in a whorl, lanceolate-cuneated ;
flowers terminal ; corolla 2 lines long, having the limb entire at
the base ; anthers inclosed, winged on the back. lj . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica corydalis, Sal. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 334.
Helmet-anthered Large-calyxed Heath. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. ?
Shrub.
10 E. ? PANNOSA ; leaves 3-5 in a whorl, a little reduplicate ;
flowers terminal ; corolla 2 lines long, woolly ; filaments broad,
with short spurs ; style exserted. 1? . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica pannosa, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 339.
— This plant is very like Eriodesmia capitata, but differs in the
leaves being 3-5 in a whorl, and greatly in the anthers.
C/o</j-flowered Large-calyxed Heath. Fl. Feb. June. Clt. ?
Shrub.
11 E. ? LACHNJEFOLIA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate, imbri-
cated, downy ; flowers terminal, subcapitate ; bracteas imbri-
cated, approximating the calyx ; anthers crested ; corolla ovate,
rather longer than the calyx. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica lachneaefolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 335.
Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 387. E. lachnaeva, Andr. heath. 3. t. 2.
Flowers white.
Lachncea- leaved Large-calyxed Heath. Fl. May, July. Clt.
1793. Shrub 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Erica, p. 800.
X. LOPHA'NDRA (from Xo<j>oc, lophos, a crest, and avyp
arfyot, aner andros, a male ; in reference to the cells of the an-
thers being crested). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 154.
— Erica species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Octdndrla Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, fur-
nished with 4 bracteas at the base; segments roundish, sca-
rious, ventricose on the outside. Corolla campanulate, 4-lobed.
Stamens inclosed ; filaments dilated, flat ; anthers bifid ; cells
of anthers beaked at the apex, opening by an oblong foramen in
the middle : with the sides winged, crested, and crenulated.
Stigma truncate. Capsule 4-celled, many-seeded. — Erect, much
branched shrubs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves
spreading, short, obtuse, glaucous. Flowers terminal, usually
by threes, rose-coloured.
1 L. CU'BICA (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 154.)
leaves 4 in a whorl, semicylindrical ; bracteas remote from the
calyx, which is coloured ; calycine segments serrulated. ^ . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica cubica, Andr. heath.
1. t. 27. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 397. Erica cubica major,
Hortul. Erica hottoniseflora, Sal. in. Lin. trans. 4. p. 331.
Calyx and corolla purplish-red. — The flowers are at first dis-
posed in a terminal fascicle, but when the terminal branches
grow, they in consequence appear axillary and verticillate.
Var. ft, minor (Andr. heath. 2. t. 49). This is probably a
distinct species.
C«6e-flowered Lophandra. Fl. April. Sept. Clt. 1790.
Shrub 1 foot.
2 L. BLA'NDA ; leaves 3 in a whorl ; flowers terminal, glo-
merate ; corolla 1-J- line long, having the limb one half longer
than the tube, with semi-orbicular segments ; stigma broad ;
cells of anthers drawn out into a crest beyond the foramen, fj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica blanda, Sal. in
Lin. trans. 6. p. 331. Erica cornuta, Roxb. mss. Flowers
pale red.
/Mw/i-flowered Lophandra. Shrub.
3 L. ? SERIPHIIFOLIA ; leaves 5 in a whorl ; calycine seg-
ments minutely ciliated ; corolla 1| line long, having the limb
entire at the base, obtuse ; anthers inclosed, mutic. f? . G
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica seriphiifolia, Sal. in
Lin. trans. 6. p. 331. Erica cubica, Thunb. diss. no. 46. but
not of Andr. Flowers reddish-purple, axillary.
Seriphium-leaved Laphandra. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Erica, p. 800.
XI. LAMPRO'TIS (from \a/.iirpoTris, lamprotes, splendour ;
in reference to the shining calyx). D. Don, in edinb. phil.
journ. 17. p. 154. — Erica species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Octandria Monogynia. Calyx large, 4-parted,
glumaceous, coloured, bibracteate at the base. Corolla urceo-
late, with a 4-lobed limb. Stamens inclosed ; filaments capil-
lary ; cells of anthers short, dehiscing lengthwise, mutic or
crested at the base. Stigma capitate. Capsule 4-celled, many-
seeded. Seeds round, scrobiculate. — Small, much branched
shrubs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves opposite,
or 3 in a whorl, terminal, subulate, glabrous, always adpressed
to the branches. Flowers numerous, terminal.
* Leaves 3 in a whorl.
1 L. CALYCI'NA (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, im-
bricate, downy ; flowers in terminal fascicles, drooping ; calyx
spreading, coloured ; anthers crested. Jj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica calycina, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 507.
Lodd. hot. cab. 594. Erica calycina major, Andr. heath. 3. t.
14. Erica gnidiaefolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 336. Thunb.
diss. no. 78. Erica vespertina, Lin. suppl. 221. Corolla 2 lines
long, red, ovate, ventricose. Calycine segments obcuneated.
Bracteas coloured.
Var. /3, minor (Andr. heath. 3. t. 15.) smaller.
Large-calyxed Lamprotis. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1799.
Shrub 1 foot.
2 L. CORIFOLIA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, imbricate ; flowers
in terminal fascicles ; calyx spreading, about equal to the corolla
in length; corolla 1-J- line long, with acute segments;
anthers crested. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica corifolia, Lin. diss. no. 26. Thunb. diss. no. 77. Sal. in
Lin. trans. 6. p. 386. Bauer, icon. hort. kew. 21. Wendl.
eric. 10. p. 11. with a figure. Erica calycina, Andr. heath. 1.
t. 14. Erica articularis, Lin. mant. 65. Curt. bot. mag. t. 423.
Flowers pink or red. Bracteas remote from the calyx.
Cons-leaved Lamprotis. Fl. May, Dec. Clt. 1774. Shrub
1 foot.
3 L. PA'LLIDA; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, imbricate, glabrous,
acute, glaucous ; flowers terminal, erect ; bracteas large, loose,
coloured ; calyx exceeding the corolla, which is urceolate ;
anthers crested. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica pallida, Wendl. eric, with a figure. Flowers red.
Pale Lamprotis. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1812. Shrub.
4 L. TU'RGIDA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, mucronate, with white
margins, glabrous as well as the branches ; flowers terminal ;
bracteas remote from the calyx ; calycine segments purplish,
acute, longer than the corolla ; style inclosed; anthers crested.
lj. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica turgida,
Link, enum. 2. p. 365. Flowers purple.
Turgid Lamprotis. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1821. Shrub.
5 L. 8PUM6sA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, erectly spreading, gla-
brous ; flowers terminal, by threes, erect ; calyx spreading,
about equal in length to the corolla ; bracteas nearly orbicular,
imbricate ; genitals a little exserted ; anthers crested ; stigma
narrow, fc. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
spumosa, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 508. Berg. pi. cap. 103. but not
of Lodd. Erica scariosa, Berg. pi. cap. 102. Corolla white,
1-| line long, with sublanceolate segments.
Frothy Lamprotis. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1786. Shrub.
1
ERICACEAE. XI. LAMPROTIS.
811
6 L. ? LODDIOE'SII ; leaves 3 in a whorl, erectly spreading j
flowers terminal, by twos or threes ; bracteas imbricate, an-
gular ; genitals exserted, with black corniculate anthers. Tj. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica spumosa, Lodd. bot.
cab. 566. but not of Lin. Flowers purplish-red.
Loddiges's Lamprotis. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Shrub.
7 L. FLAGELLA'RIS ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate,
glabrous, finely ciliated, adpressed ; branches twiggy, downy ;
flowers terminal, usually by threes, erect ; calyx bracteate, ex-
ceeding the corolla; anthers crested, fj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica flagellaris, Link, enum. 1. p. 365.
Flowers dirty-yellow. Calycine segments lanceolate, keeled,
purple.
Wlrip Lamprotis. Fl. May. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 foot.
8 L. FLAGELLIFORMIS ; leaves 3 in a whorl, imbricate, smooth ;
flowers terminal, umbellate, erect; bracteas remote from the
calyx ; calyx coloured, larger than the corolla, which is urceo-
late ; anthers crested. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica flagelliformis, Andr. eric. 4. icon. Flowers
reddish-purple.
Whip-formed Lamprotis. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub
1 foot.
9 L. CALYCiNoiDES ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, subulate, im-
bricate, glabrous ; flowers terminal, glomerate or capitate ; brac-
teas imbricate; calyx coloured, rather shorter than the corolla,
which is urceolate ; anthers almost mutic. Jj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica calycinoldes, Bedf. eric. wob.
p. 4. Erica glomerata, Andr. heath, vol. 4. Erica calycina
capitata, Hortul. Flowers purplish-red.
Calycine-like Lamprotis. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1789. Shrub
1 foot.
10 L. ONAPHAL6DES ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate, glabrous,
imbricate ; flowers in terminal fascicles ; calyxes spreading, with
exquisitely ciliately glandular margins ; corolla 1 line long,
hardly longer than the calyx ; fruit smooth ; stigma large, 4-
cleft ; anthers crested. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica gnaphalodes, Lin. diss. no. 25. Berg. pi. cap.
119. Thunb. diss. 75. Erica gnaphaliifolia, Sal. in Lin. trans.
6. p. 337. Flowers white.
Woolly Lamprotis. Feb. May. Clt. 1812. Shrub.
1 1 L. ? PHYLLICOIDES ; leaves 3 in a whorl, imbricating in 6 rows,
glabrous ; flowers axillary, drooping ; calyx large, elongated ;
anthers awned. Ij. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica phyllicoides, Willd. spec. 2. p. 361. Corolla campanu-
late, purple, 1-2 lines long. — Perhaps a species of Eurylepis.
Phyllica-like Lamprotis. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1800. Shb.
12 L. ? HOLOSERICEA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, sharply reduplicate ;
flowers terminal ; corolla 3 lines long, silky, with an ovate tube ;
anthers crested, hairy. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica holosericea, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 352. Flowers
red.
Whole-silky Lamprotis. Shrub.
13 L. LU'CIDA ; leaves 3 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ; calyx
minutely ciliated, shining; corolla 1 line long ; crests of anthers
ear-formed, deeply serrated ; stigma narrow. T? . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica lucida, Sal. in Lin. trans.
6. p. 337.
Shining-ca\y\ed Lamprotis. Shrub.
14 L. MU'NDA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, imbricate ; bracteas and
calyxes quite entire ; corolla 1 line long ; crests of anthers
ear-formed and ciliated ; fruit hairy. Ij . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica munda, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p.
337.
Neat Lamprotis. Fl. May, July. Clt. ? Shrub.
15 L. FABaiLis ; leaves 3 in a whorl, densely imbricated;
flowers terminal ; corolla 1 line long, hardly longer than the
calyx ; crests of anthers quite entire ; anthers minute. T? . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica fabrilis, Sal. in. Lin.
trans. 6. p. 338. Flowers reddish-purple.
Carpenters' Lamprotis. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1791. Shrub
1 foot.
16 L. CHLAMYDIFLORA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, hairy,
imbricate, flowers terminal ; corolla 2 lines long, hardly longer
than the calyx ; crests of anthers ear-formed, fj . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica chlamydiflora, Sal. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 338. Flowers reddish-purple.
Cloak-flowered Lamprotis. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1801.
Shrub 1 foot.
1 7 L. SELAGiNiF6nA ; stem tomentose ; leaves linear, 3 in a
whorl; flowers terminal; corolla smooth, If line long, with a
globose tube ; crests of anthers very broad, orbicular. T? . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica selaginifolia, Sal. in
Lin. trans. 6. p. 338.
Selago-leaved Lamprotis. Shrub.
18 L. BREVIFOLIA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate; flowers ter-
minal ; corolla If line long, hardly longer than the calyx ; spurs
of anthers linear, attenuated. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica brevifolia, Sol. mss. ex Sal. in Lin. trans.
6. p. 338.
Short-leaved Lamprotis. Fl. Jan. May. Clt. 1800. Shrub
1 foot.
1 9 L. HYSSOPIFOLIA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, densely ciliated ;
corolla 2 lines long, hairy towards the apex, with curled rettise
segments ; anthers crested. ^ • G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica hyssopifolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 387.
Erica pigra, Sol. ex Salisb. Flowers red.
Hyssop-leaved Lamprotis. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1800. Shrub
I foot.
20 L. MODE'STA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, densely imbricated ;
corolla tomentose, 3-| lines long, with a broad ovate tube and a
recurved limb ; flowers terminal ; spurs of anthers linear, atte-
nuated. Tj. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
modesta, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 352. Flowers very pale red.
Modest Lamprotis. Shrub.
21 L. PANICULA'TA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, adpressed; flowers
terminal, drooping ; bracteas close to the calyx ; corolla ovate,
ventricose, equal in length to the calyx ; anthers cornute ; style
inclosed. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
paniculata, Lodd. bot. cab. 419. but not of Thunb. Bedf. eric,
wob. p. 1 7. Flowers pale purplish-red.
Panicled-fiov/ered Lamprotis. Fl. Summer. Clt. 1810.
Shrub.
22 L. BEDFORDIA'NA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, glabrous;
flowers terminal ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; corolla ovate-
campanulate ; anthers awned. f? . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica lutea alba, Bedf. eric. wob. p. 14. Flowers
pale yellow.
Duke of Bedford's Lamprotis. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1810.
Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
23 L. TAXIFOLIA (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 154.)
leaves 3 in a whorl, trigonal, glabrous, spreading ; flowers ter-
minal, umbellate ; corolla with a cone-shaped tube and a spread-
ing limb ; bracteas remote from and approximating the calyx ;
calyx coloured, about equal in length to the corolla ; anthers
mutic. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
taxifolia, Wendl. eric. fasc. 2. p. 19. with a figure. Bauer, pi.
kew. t. 19. Andr. heath. 1. t. 35. Erica turgida, Hortul.
Flowers pale red. Leaves mucronate. Corolla 3 lines long,
with ovate, cuneated, bifid segments.
Yen-leaved Lamprotis. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1788. Shrub
1 foot.
24 L. RU'BIDA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, glabrous ; flowers
5 L 2
812
ERICACEAE. XI. LAMrROTis. XII. CALLISTA.
terminal, capitate ; bracteas approximate, 3, 1 large and 2
small; calyx equal to the corolla in length, which is ovate-ven-
tricose ; anthers awned. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica rubella, Bedf. eric. wob. p. 22. Flowers red.
Ruby-fiowered Lamprotis. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Shrub 1
foot.
* * Leaves 4 in a whorl.
25 L. SQUAMOSA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, imbricated, serrulated ;
flowers terminal, drooping ; bracteas imbricate ; calyx large, co-
loured, about equal in length to the corolla, which is urceolate ;
anthers crested. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica squamosa, Andr. heath. 3. t. 22. Flowers pale red.
Scaly-cupped Lamprotis. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1794. Shrub
I foot.
* * Leaves opposite.
26 L. TENUIFOLIA (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 154.)
leaves opposite, linear, adpressed ; flowers terminal, aggregate,
sessile ; calyx coloured, not much shorter than the corolla ; an-
thers mutic. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica tenuifolia, Lin diss. 33. with a figure of the flower, spec,
ed. 2d. p. 507. Berg. pi. cap. p. 116. Erica linifolia, Sal. in
Lin. trans. 6. p. 386.— Seb. thes. 1. p. 157. t. 73. f. 6.—
Lin. hort. cliff, p. 148. Calycine segments oval, acumi-
nated. Corolla 2 lines long, with an ovate tube. Fruit turbi-
nate. Flowers pale red.
Fine-leaved Lamprotis. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1794. Shrub
| foot.
27 L. LU'TEA ; leaves opposite, linear, imbricate, glabrous ;
flowers nearly terminal ; bracteas imbricate ; branches flexuous ;
calycine segments narrow, ovate-cuneated ; corolla 2-| lines long,
ovate, ventricose ; fruit obovate ; anthers mutic or awned. ? Jj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica lutea, Lin. diss.
no. 2. mant. p. 234. Berg. pi. cap. 115. Wendl. eric. 1. p.
13. with a figure. Andr. eric. 1. t. 31. Erica imbellis, Sal. in
Lin. trans. 6. p. 385. Flowers yellow. — There appears to be
two species confounded under this name ; one with crested or
awned anthers, and another with mutic anthers.
Yellmv-fiowered Lamprotis. Fl. Sept. May. Clt. 1774.
Shrub 1 foot.
28 L. BIFLORA ; leaves opposite, canaliculate, adpressed,
glabrous ; flowers terminal, twin, on short pedicels ; bracteas
approximating the calyx ; calycine segments ovate, acute,
white ; anthers crested. 1j. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica biflora, Link, enum. 1. p. 367. Lodd. bot. cab.
683. Corolla white.
Two-flowered Lamprotis. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1819.
Shrub -f- foot.
29 L. BORBONLEFOLIA ; leaves opposite ; flowers axillary ;
calycine segments broad, ovate-acuminated, equal in length "to
the corolla, which is urceolate ; fruit obovate ; anthers crested
or awned. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
borbonisefolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 386. Flowers red, 3|
lines long.
Borbonla-leaved Lamprotis. Fl. March, July. Clt. 1816.
Shrub.
30 L. OPPOSITIFOLIA ; leaves opposite, filiform, imbricate ;
flowers terminal, crowded, erect ; bracteas sessile ; corolla urceo-
late, about equal in length to the calyx, which is spreading ;
anthers mutic. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica oppositifolia, Andr. heath. 3. p. 35. Lodd. bot. cab.
1 343. Flowers white.
Var. ft, rubra (Andr. heath. 3. t. 36. Lodd. bot. cab. 1060.)
flowers red.
Opposite-leaved Lamprotis. Fl. Spring and Autumn. Clt.
1 804. Shrub | to | foot.
31 L. ? APE'KTA ; leaves opposite, linear, cuspidate, erect,
quite glabrous, with scarious margins ; flowers terminal, aggre-
gate ; bracteas and calyxes coloured ; corolla rotate ; genitals
exserted ; anthers mutic. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica aperta, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 200.
O/>en-flowered Lamprotis. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1820.
Shrub.
32 L. RUBE'IXA ; leaves opposite, or 3 in a whorl, linear, im-
bricate ; flowers terminal, capitate ; corolla with a ventricose
tube and a spreading limb ; calyx about equal in length to the
corolla, bracteate ; anthers mutic. fj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica rubella, Ker. bot. mag. 2165. Lodd.
bot. cab. 658. Flowers red.
.Rerf-flowered Lamprotis. Fl. June. Clt. 1814. Shrub 1 foot.
33 L. TOGA'TA ; leaves opposite, linear, imbricate; flowers
terminal ; bracteas remote from the calyx, broad ; calyx co-
loured, large, cup-shaped ; corollas urceolate, with a spreading
limb ; anthers mutic. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica togata, Sims, bot. mag. 1626. Flowers fine red.
Gowned Lamprotis. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Shrub f to -|
foot.
34 L. ? DIANTHIFOLIA ; leaves opposite, long ; flowers ter-
minal ; calycine segments ovate-cuneated ; corolla 3 lines long ;
spurs of anthers serrated ; pericarp glabrous. J? . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica dianthif olia, Sal. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 338. Flowers pale purple.
Pink-leaved Lamprotis. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1796. Shb.
35 L. ? A'PHANES ; branches hairy; leaves opposite, linear-
trigonal, bluntish, scabrous; flowers axillary and terminal. Ij.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica aphanes, Spreng.
syst. 2. p. 196.
Insignificant Lamprotis. Fl. March, June. Clt. 1820.
Shrub.
Cult. See Erica, p. 800, for culture and propagation. —
Pretty little shrubs, easily distinguished from the other genera
broke off" from Erica by the large coloured calyx and small ad-
pressed leaves.
XII. CALLI'STA (from KaXXioroe, kallistos, very beautiful ;
flowers). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 155. — Erica
species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Octandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, folia-
ceous. Corolla salver-shaped, with a dilated spreading 4-cleft
limb, and a ventricose or cylindrical tube. Stamens inclosed ;
filaments capillary ; cells of anthers short, dehiscing lengthwise,
mutic at the base. Stigma capitate. Capsule 4-celled, many-
seeded. — Small, much branched shrubs, natives of the Cape of
Good Hope. Leaves acerose, loosely imbricated. Flowers
terminal, almost solitary, or in fascicles.
* Leaves 3 in a whorl.
1 C. TENUIFLORA ; leaves 3-4 in a whorl, linear, glabrous,
spreading ; flowers terminal, usually by fours ; calyx bracteate ;
corolla with a slender tube. (7 . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica tenuiflora, Andr. heath. 3. t. 49. Lodd.
bot. cab. 1717. Erica cylindrica, Thunb. diss. no. 39. Erica
fistulseflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 383. Calycine segments
minutely ciliated. Pericarp obovate, glabrous. Corolla 5-6
lines long, yellow. Style exserted.
Var. ji, alba (Andr. heath. 3. t. 50.) flowers white, sub-axil-
lary, or terminating the small branches, sweet-scented.
Fine-flowered Callista. Fl. April, June ; ft July, Dec. Clt.
1800. Shrub 1 foot.
2 C. TETRAGONA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, pointed, cili-
ated, erectly spreading ; flowers terminating small branches ;
calyx bracteate, with ciliated cuspidate segments ; corolla with
ERICACEAE. XII. CALLISTA.
813
a small, tetragonal, pyramidal tube. 1? . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica tetragona, Thunb. diss. no. 5. with
a figure. Andr, heath. 3. t. 51. Lodd. bot. cab. 1239. Erica
pugionifolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 358. Erica trigona, Hort.
Corollas 4 lines long, yellow. Style exserted.
Tetragonal-fiov/ered Callista. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1789.
Shrub.
3 C. BUCCINIFLORA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, ciliated ;
bracteas sessile ; flowers in terminal umbellate fascicles ; co-
rolla with a trumpet-shaped tube and a spreading border. fj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica bucciniflora,
Sims, bot. mag. 2465. Lodd. bot. cab. 1127. Erica buccinse-
formis, Bedf. eric. wob. p. 4. Corolla red, with a white limb.
Anthers cornute.
Trumpet-flowered Callista. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Shrub.
4 C. BANDONIA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, gla-
brous, spreading : flowers terminal, umbellate, on long pedicels,
erect ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; calycine segments
broad ; tube of corolla ovate, ventricose ; style exserted. fy ,
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Bandonia, Andr.
heath, vol. 4. Corolla reddish-purple.
Countess Bandon's Callista. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810.
Shrub.
5 C. MAGNI'FICA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, obtuse, spread-
ing ; flowers terminal, usually by threes, drooping ; bracteas
remote from the calyx ; calyx coloured ; corolla with an ovate
tube, and an erectish limb ; style inclosed. Tj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica magnifica, Andr. heath, vol. 4.
Corollas pale red. Anthers cornute.
Magnificent Callista. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1810. Shrub.
6 C. BROADLEYAVNA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, fasciculated,
spreading ; flowers axillary, on long pedicels, drooping ; caly-
cine segments foliaceous, narrow ; corolla ventricose, contracted
at the mouth, with hardly any limb ; style exserted. Tj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Broadleyana, Andr.
heath, vol. 4. Flowers red.
Broadley's Callista. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1
to 2 feet.
7 C. JULIA'NA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, trigonal, erect,
shining, short ; flowers terminal, aggregate ; bracteas almost
sessile ; calycine segments dilated and ciliated ; corolla ovate,
ventricose, with a small limb. I? . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica Juliana, Nois. Lodd. bot. cab. 799. Bedf.
eric. wob. p. 13. Corolla reddish-purple. Style a little ex-
serted.
«/«fy-flowered Callista. Fl. July. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1 ft.
8 C. CELSIA'NA ; glabrous ; leaves 3 in a whorl ; flowers
terminal ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; corolla with a glo-
bular tube ; style exserted. fc. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica Celsiana, Lodd. bot. cab. 1777. Corolla
with a pale red tube and a deep red border.
Cels's Callista. Fl. June. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
9 C. ARMA'TA ; leaves 3, sometimes 5, in a whorl, linear, erect,
spinulose ; flowers terminal, aggregate, clothed with yellow
strigae ; calycine segments foliaceous, spinose ; style exserted.
*2 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica armata,
Spreng. syst. 2. p. 184.
Armed Callista. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1816. Shrub.
10 C. HUMEA'NA; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, glabrous;
flowers terminal, by threes; bracteas sessile; corolla with a short
ventricose tube, and a large limb ; style exserted. (j . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Humeana, Lodd. bot.
cab. 389. E. Humea, Hortul. Corolla with a red tube, reddish-
purple segments, and a dark eye.
Lady Hume's Callista. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1808. Shrub.
11C. CARNI'ULA ; leaves 3-4 in a whorl, linear, glabrous ;
flowers terminal, racemose ; calyx bracteate ; corolla with an
inflated tube, and a short limb. Jj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica carniula, Lodd. bot. cab. 926. Flowers
pale red.
Flesh-coloured-fioviered Callista. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1804.
Shrub.
12 C. SAINSBURIA'NA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, filiform, elongated,
glabrous, erectly spreading ; flowers terminal, umbellate ; brac-
teas remote from the calyx ; corolla oblong-ovate, with a short
limb ; anthers awned. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica Sainsburya, Andr. heath, vol. 4. Flowers pale
red. Style a little exserted.
Sainsbury's Callista. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
1 3 C. COMPTONIA'NA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, subulate, glabrous,
spreading, recurved ; flowers terminal, aggregate, pedicellate.
JJ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Comptoni-
ana, Andr. heath, vol. 4. Style inclosed.
Compton's Callista. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1802. Shrub.
14 C. INFUNDIBULIFO'RMIS ; leaves 4 in a whorl, filiform, ob-
tuse, glabrous, erect ; flowers terminal, aggregate ; bracteas ses-
sile ; corolla with a slender tube, and large segments. ^ • G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica infundibuliformis,
Link. enum. 1. p. 364. Andr. heath, vol. 4. Lodd. bot. cab.
589. Flowers pale red, or pale purplish-red. Style inclosed.
Funnel-formed Callista. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1802. Shrub.
15 C. VA'RIA ; leaves 3 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ; brac-
teas approximating the calyx ; corolla short, with revolute seg-
ments ; style exserted. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica varia, Lodd. bot. cab. 1325. Erica Cassonii,
Hortul. Flowers purplish-red.
Variable Callista. Fl. July. Clt. 1810. Shrub.
16 C. UNDULA'TA; glabrous; leaves 3-4 in a whorl ; flowers
terminal, by fours, sessile ; corolla with an elongated, ventri-
cose, twisted tube, and a spreading limb. lj. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica undulata, Lodd. bot. cab. 1792.
Flowers deep red.
Waved Callista. Fl. Summer. Clt. 1827. Shrub.
* Leaves 4 in a nhorl,
17 C. PRJE'GNANS; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, ciliated,
spreadingly recurved ; flowers terminal, crowded ; bracteas re-
mote from the calyx ; calycine segments acute : corolla ventri-
cose at the base. I? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica prae'gnans, Andr. heath. 3. t. 32. Lodd. bot. cab. 945.
Corolla pale red, almost white. Very like C. ventricosa, and
probably only a variety of it. Style inclosed.
Snelled-Rowered Callista. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1 796. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
18 C. METUL^FLORA ; leaves 4-5 in a whorl, subulate, spinu-
losely ciliated ; flowers terminal, umbellate ; bracteas remote
from the calyx ; corolla ventricose at the base. ^ . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica metulaeflora, Sims, bot. mag.
t. 612. Andr. heath. 3. t. 33. Lodd. bot. cab. 1763. Flowers
red, with a paler border. Style a little exserted.
Nine-pin-flowered Callista. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1798.
Shrub.
19 C. ACUMINA'TA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, trigonal, cuspidate,
recurved ; flowers terminal, nearly sessile, aggregate ; calycine
segments acuminated ; corolla with an inflated acuminated tube,
and a short revolute limb ; bracteas close to the calyx. Tj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica acuminata, Andr.
heath. 3. t. 54. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 216. Flowers reddish-
purple. Style inclosed.
Acuminated-Rowered Callista. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1800
Shrub.
20 C. FERRUGINEA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, secund, cili-
ated with rusty hairs ; flowers terminal, umbellately verticillate,
horizontal ; calyx bracteate, with the segments bearded at the
814
ERICACEAE. XII. CALLISTA.
apex ; filaments terminating in a flat glandular substance ; co-
rolla with an acuminated inflated tube. J? . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica ferruginea, Andr. heath. 3. t. 57.
Corolla with a red tube, and a greenish-yellow limb ; but in the
figure given by Andrews it is white, tipped with red. Style in-
closed.
Rusty Callista. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1798. Shrub 1 ft.
21 C. HYACINTHOIDES ; leaves 4 in a whorl, shining, spreading;
flowers aggregate ; calyx bracteate, having the segments serru-
lated or ciliated ; corolla with a ventricose tube, f? . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica hyacintholdes, Andr. heath.
3. t. 158. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 384. Flowers red. Style sub-
exserted.
Hyacinth-like Callista. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1798. Shb. 1 ft.
22 C. FASTIGIA'TA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, shining, erect, imbri-
cated ; flowers terminal, crowded, sessile ; bracteas serrulated ;
calycine segments serrulated ; corolla with a narrow tube.
Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica fastigiata,
Lin. diss. no. 44. mant. 66. Thunb. diss. no. 37. Andr. heath.
2. t. 57. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 207. Erica falcifbrmis, Sal. in Lin.
trans. C. p. 382. Corolla white, with the limb mealy inside, ac-
cording to Sal. 1. c. In bot. mag. t. 2084. the corollas are
painted pale red ; it is therefore perhaps a distinct species.
Fastigiate-ftowered Callista. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1797. Shb.
23 C. PELLU'CIDA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, attenuated ;
stem slender ; flowers terminal ; calycine segments spatulate,
serrated ; corolla 5-6 lines long, having the limb 3 times shorter
than the tube. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope,
Erica pellucida. Sol. ex Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 384. Corollas
white, with very little red, pellucid.
Pellucid-flowered Callista. Shrub.
24 C. WALKERIA'NA ; stem glabrous ; leaves 4 in a whorl,
linear, shining ; flowers terminal, almost sessile ; bracteas ap-
proximating the calyx, ciliated ; calycine segments lanceolate,
serrated ; corolla 4-5 lines long, with an ovate ventricose tube,
and a wide-spreading limb, which is doubly shorter than the
tube, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. C. pellu-
cida, D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ 17. p. 155. Erica Walkeria,
Andr. heath. 1. t. 42. Lodd. bot. cab. 256. E. pulchra, Sal. in
Lin. trans. 6. p. 384. Flowers pink or pale red. Style inclosed.
Far. ft, rubra (Andr. heath. 2. t. 43.) flowers red.
Far. y, superba (Andr. heath. 1. t. 42.) flowers purplish-
red. Erica fastigiata, Wendl. eric. fasc. 19. p. 103.
Walker's Callista. Fl. Feb. June. Clt. 1797. Shrub 1£
foot.
25 C. DENTICULA'TA (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p.
155.) stem pubescent; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, glabrous;
flowers terminal, fastigiate : bracteas remote from the calyx ;
calycine segments obcuneated, serrated ; corolla 3 lines long, with
a cylindrical tube : having the limb one-half shorter than the
tube. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica den-
ticulata, Lin. mant. p. 22. Erica dentata, Thunb. diss. no. 39.
Erica denticularis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 384. Erica primu-
loides ft, Wendl. Flowers purple.
Denticulated-calyxed Callista. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1821.
Shrub 1 foot.
26 C. BEDFORDIA^NA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear ; flowers
terminal ; bracteas sessile ; calycine segments deeply serrated
or toothed ; corolla with an ovate ventricose tube. Tj . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica denticulka, Bedf. hort.
wob. p. 8. Lodd. bot. cab. 1090. ? but not of Lin. nor others.
Flowers yellow. Style a little exserted.
Far. ft, moschata (Bedf. 1. c.) calycine segments serrated ;
flowers yellowish-green.
Bedford's Callista. Fl. May, June. Clt.? Shrub.
27 C. TEMPLEAVNA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, ciliated?
flowers terminal, almost sessile ; bracteas approximating the
calyx, ciliated, as well as the calycine segments ; anthers curved ;
corolla with an oblong ventricose tube, and a small limb. ^ .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Templea, Hor-
tul. Bedf. eric. wob. p. 24. pi. 4. f. 17. Corolla about the size
and shape of those of C. ventricosa, pale red, or reddish-purple.
Style inclosed.
Temple's Callista. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 to
2 feet.
28 C. COMOSA (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 155.)
stem pubescent ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, short, erectly spread-
ing ; flowers terminal, tufted ; bracteas imbricate, and are cili-
ated as well as the calycine segments, coloured ; corolla with an
ovate ventricose tube. I? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica comosa, Andr. heath. 2. t. 54. Erica transpa-
rens, Berg. pi. cap. p. 108. Erica galiiflora, Sal. in Lin. trans.
2. p. 583. Flowers small, white, with dark anthers. Style in-
closed.
Far. ft, rubra (Andr. heath. 2. t. 55.) corollas red. fy . G.
Erica comosa, Lin. diss. no. 48. mant. p. 234. Thunb. diss. no.
38. Bauer, icon. hort. kew. t. 18.
Tufted Callista. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1787. Shrub | ft.
29 C. VENTRICOSA (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 155.)
leaves 4 in a whorl, short, acerose, semi-cylindrical, and are
ciliated as well as the calyxes and bracteas : floral leaves the
broadest ; flowers disposed in terminal umbellate fascicles ;
bracteas remote from the calyx ; corolla with a ventricose tube.
\l . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica ventricosa,
Thunb. diss. no. 36. with a figure. Andr. heath. 1. t. 28.
Curt. bot. mag. t. 350. Wendl. eric. fasc. 3. p. 11. Bedf.
eric. wob. pi. 4. f. 18. a. Lodd. bot. cab. 431. Erica venusta,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 385. Peduncles bibracteate below the
middle. Corolla waxy, purplish-red. Style inclosed.
Var. ft, coccinea; flowers reddish-purple.
Var. y, stellifera ; flowers purplish-red.
Far. 8, cdrnea ; flowers pale red.
Far. e, alba ; flowers very pale red, almost white.
Far. i, superba ; flowers deep red.
Far. »j, erdcta ; erect ; flowers pale red.
Var. 3, nana; dwarf; flowers pale red.
Fentricose-Rowered Callista, or Porcelain Heath. Fl. April,
Sept. Clt. 1787. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
30 C. INFLA'TA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, glabrous, linear ; flowers
in terminal umbellate fascicles ; corolla with an elongated, ovate,
ventricose tube, and a short limb ; pedicels bibracteate below
the middle ; calycine segments subulate. T? . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica inflata, Thunb. diss. no. 67.
with a figure. Erica amabilis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 385.
Erica glabra, Link. enum. 1. p. 362. Corolla large, with a reddish-
purple base, and a green top. Anthers corniculate at the base.
Inflated-AovfereA Callista. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
31 C. MUSCA'RI ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear-trigonal, glabrous,
spreading ; flowers terminal, sessile, usually by fours ; bracteas
approximating the calyx, leaf-like ; calycine segments subulate ;
corolla ovate-ventricose, with a short obtuse revolute limb. Tj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica muscari, Andr.
heath. 1. t. 41. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 395. Wendl. eric. fasc. 18.
p. 95. with a figure. Erica fragrans, Sal. in Lin. trans. 4. p.
383. Stem glabrous. Flowers small, pale yellow or yellowish-
green. Corolla flat at the base. Fruit obpyramidal.
Musk-scented Callista. Fl. March. Clt. 1790. Shrub 1 foot.
32 C. LAWSONII ; leaves 4 in a whorl, filiform, spreading,
ciliated ; flowers terminal ; bracteas sessile ; corolla with a cylin-
drical tube, which is ventricose at ihe base ; calycine segments
narrow. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
Lawsonia, Andr. heath, vol. 4. icon. Sims, bot. mag. 1720.
Lodd. bot. cab. 488. Erica Kennedia, Hortul. Flowers red.
ERICACEAE. XII. CALLISTA.
815
Lamon's Callista. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1802. Shrub 1 foot.
33 C. DAPHNWLORA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, short, glabrous,
acerose, erectly spreading ; bracteas sessile ; calycine segments
lacerated a little ; flowers terminal, usually by fours ; corollas
with an ovate ventricose tube, and a spreading obtuse limb. Jj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica daphneflora,
Lodd. bot. cab. 543. Bedf. eric. wob. p. 7. Flowers small,
white or deep red. Style exserted.
Daphne-flowered Callista. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1791. Shrub
1 foot.
34 C. DAPHNOIDES ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, glabrous ;
flowers terminal by fours ; bracteas sessile ; corolla with an ovate
ventricose tube and a large limb. T? . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica daphnoides, Lodd. bot. cab. 154. Erica
mirabilis, Hortul. Flowers pale red. Style a little exserted.
Dajjhne-like-fiowered Callista. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1800.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
35 C. COVENTRY A' NA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear-trigonal,
ciliated, as well as the calyxes and bracteas ; flowers terminal,
aggregate, sessile ; bracteas sessile ; calycine segments folia-
ceous, narrow ; corolla with a slender tube, and large segments,
fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Coventrya,
Andr. heath. 4. icon. Lodd. bot. cab. 423. Corolla with a
greenish-yellow tube, and a red limb, with ovate segments.
Style a little exserted.
Lord Coventry's Callista. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1808. Sh.
36 C. VERECU'NDA ; leaves 4 ? in a whorl, linear, obtuse ;
flowers lateral, verticillate ; corolla with a ventricose tube, and a
spreading limb. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica verecunda, Lodd. bot. cab. 1827. but not of Sal. Flowers
red.
Reddish-fiowered Callista. Fl. Spring, Autumn. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 1 foot.
37 C. STELII'FERA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate,
subulate, pilose, spreading ; flowers axillary and terminal, race-
mose, erect ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; limb of corolla
6-cleft. 17 . G. A hybrid. Erica stellifera, Andr. heath, vol.
4. Lodd. bot. cab. 1622. Flowers reddish-purple.
Star-bearing Callista. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
38 C. PR^E'STANS ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, erect, glabrous;
flowers terminal, aggregate ; bracteas sessile, smooth ; calycine
segments ovate, cuspidate, with scarious hardly serrated edges ;
corolla with a ventricose tube, and a recurvedly reflexed limb.
17 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica prse'stans,
Andr. heath, vol. 4. Lodd. bot. cab. 1695. Erica daphnifl6ra,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 384. Corollas white. Style exserted.
Excelling Callista. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1810. Shrub 1
foot.
39 C. MU'NDCLA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, subulate, spreading,
shining, glabrous ; flowers terminal, usually by fours, sessile ;
bracteas sessile ; calyx naked ; corolla with a short narrow
tube, and a wide limb ; style inclosed. Ij . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica mundula, Andr. heath, vol. 4.
Lodd. bot. cab. 114. Flowers reddish-purple.
Neat Callista. Fl. Oct. Feb. Clt. 1810. Shrub.
40 C. RICIDA ; glabrous ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, spread-
ing ; flowers terminal, pedicellate ; corolla ventricosely tubular,
with a blunt border ; pedicels red ; bracteas remote from the
calyx. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
rigida, Lodd. bot. cab. 286. Erica metulaeflora bicolor, Bedf.
eric. wob. p. 15. Corolla red. Limb short, white.
Stiff Callista, Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 foot.
41 C. TROSSULA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, glabrous; flowers
terminal ; bracteas approximating the calyx ; corolla with an
ovate ventricose tube. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica trossula, Lodd. bot. cab. 1742. Flowers white.
Var. /3, rubra; flowers red.
Spruce Callista. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1806. Shrub.
42 C. STRUTHIOL^FLORA. — This species has not yet been de-
scribed or figured. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica struthiolsDflora, Lodd. bot. cab. p. 25.
Struthiola-jlowered Callista. Shrub.
43 C. CLIFFORDIA'NA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, glabrous ; flow-
ers terminal ; bracteas rather remote from the calyx ; corolla
with a slender ventricose tube; style inclosed. Jj . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Cliffbrdiana, Lodd. bot. cab.
34. Flowers white.
Lady De Clifford's Callista. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812.
Shrub.
44 C. PAVETTSIFLORA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear ; flowers
terminal ; pedicels very short ; corolla 9-10 lines long, having
the limb mealy inside ; filaments spurred near the top of the
anthers. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
pavettseflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 382. Erica infundibuli-
formis, Roxb. mss.
Pavetta-florvered Callista. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
45 C. NIDIFLORA ; stem pubescent ; leaves 4 in a whorl,
linear ; flowers terminal ; calycine segments obcuneated, ser-
rated ; corolla 3 lines long, with the limb one-half shorter than
the tube ; spurs of anthers very minute, ear-formed. Tj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica nidiflora, Sal. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 383. Erica denticulata, Roxb. mss.
Nest-flowered Callista. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
46 C. PARMENTIE'RII ; leaves 4 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ;
bracteas sessile ; corolla with a cylindrically ventricose tube, and
broad-spreading segments. Tj • G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica Parmentierii, Lodd. bot. cab. 197. Flowers red-
dish-purple. Style a little exserted.
Parmentier's Callista. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1810. Shrub
1 foot.
47 C. MOSCHA'TA ; glabrous ; leaves 4 in a whorl ? ; flowers
terminal ; corolla short, with a ventricose tube, and a small
spreading limb. Tj. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica moschata, Andr. heath. 4 icon. Lodd. bot. cab. 614. Co-
rollas yellow.
Musky Callista. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1805. Shrub.
48 C. CALOSTOMA ; glabrous ; leaves linear, 4 in a whorl ;
flowers terminal, crowded ; corolla with a ventricose elongated
tube, a dark neck, and a white limb. T? . G. Hybrid. Erica
calostoma, Lodd. bot. cab. 1759.
Beautiful-mouthed Callista. Fl. May, June. Hybrid Shrub.
49 C. RUSSELIA'NA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, glabrous ;
flowers terminal ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; corolla
ovate-globose, with large open segments. Jj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica Russeliana, Lodd. bot. cab. 1013.
Bedf. eric. wob. p. 22. Flowers reddish-purple.
Duke of Bedford's Callista. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
Shrub.
50 C. VENU'STA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, ciliated ; flowers ter-
minal, sessile ; bracteas sessile, prsemorse, membranous, ciliated,
as well as the calyxes ; corolla ovate, ventricose, with broad seg-
ments ; Pj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
venusta, Hortul.
Graceful Callista. Fl. Spring, Summer. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
* * * Leaves 5-6 in a whorl.
51 C. BLA'NDA ; leaves 6 in a whorl, spreadingly reflexed,
imbricate ; flowers terminal, umbellate, horizontal ; calyx brac-
teate ; genitals a little exserted ; corolla with an oblong tube,
and small border. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica Wanda. Andr. heath. 3. t. 34. Flowers reddish-purple or
bluish. — Perhaps a species of Syringodea. Style exserted.
Charming Callista. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub |-
foot.
816
ERICACEAE. XII. CALLISTA. XIII. EURYLOMA.
52 C. PRIMULOIDES ; leaves 5 in a whorl, glabrous ; flowers,
terminal, nearly sessile, fastigiate ; corolla with an ovate tube,
and a broad-spreading limb ; calycine segments serrulated. Jj ,
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica primuloides
Andr. heath. 3. t. 63. Lodd. bot. cab. 715. Erica delecta,
Hortul. Sims, bot. mag. 1548. Flowers pink and white, with
a dark eye, and sometimes reddish-purple. Style exserted.
Primrose-like-fionered Callista. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1802.
Shrub 1 foot.
53 C. SWAINSONII ; leaves 5-6 in a whorl, linear, obtuse,
crowded, erect ; flowers terminal, umbellate ; bracteas sessile ;
calycine segments lanceolate ; corolla with a cylindrical furrowed
tube, and a spreading border ; anthers somewhat exserted. Jj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Swainsonia,
Andr. heath. 3. t. 65. Flowers reddish-purple or buff-red.
Srvainson's Callista. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1794. Shrub 1 to
2 feet.
54 C. QUADRANGULA'RIS ; leaves recurved, glabrous, scat-
tered : flowers terminating small branches ; bracteas sessile ;
corolla with a 4-angled tube, winged ; style exserted. J? . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica quadrangularis,
Andr. heath, vol. 4. with a figure. Erica erosa, Lodd. bot. cab.
133. Bedf. eric. wob. pi. 2. f. 2.
tube, and a white crenulated limb.
Quadrangular-flowered Callista.
Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Erica, p. 800. — Ele-
gant shrubs when in blossom. The wood being harder than
that of the species of Erica, cuttings are more difficult to root.
Corolla with a purplish-red
Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817.
XIII. EURYLO'MA (from tvpvs, eurys, wideband
loma, a margin ; in reference to the wide limb of the corolla).
D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 155. — Erica species of
authors.
LIN. SYST. Octandria Monogy'nia. Calyx 4-parted, foli-
aceous. Corolla salver-shaped, with an elongated filiform or
ventricose tube, and a 4-parted dilated limb. Stamens inclosed ;
filaments dilated, membranous, channelled ; anthers bipartite ;
cells of anthers membranous, dehiscing lengthwise, and drawn
out at the base into a short tumid spur. Stigma with an elevated
4-lobed disk. Capsule 4-celled, many-seeded. — Diffusely
branched shrubs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves
adpressed, semi-cylindrical, minutely denticulated. Flowers
terminal, solitary or by threes, large, showy, on short pedicels,
clammy.
* Leaves 3 in a whorl,
1 E. AITONI (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, serru-
lated, erect ; flowers terminal, usually by threes ; bracteas
remote from the calyx ; corolla viscid, with a cylindrical tube,
which is ventricose at top, and large ovate segments ; style ex-
serted. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
Aitonia, Andr. 1. t. 25. Curt. bot. mag. 429. Erica Aitoniana,
Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 372. Lodd. bot. cab. 144. Erica Aitoni,
Willd. spec. 2. p. 398. Erica jasminiflora, Sal. in Lin. trans.
6. p. 382. Corolla pale red, or nearly white, 16 to 19 lines
long.
Alton's Euryloma. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1790. Shrub
2 feet.
2 E. JASMINIFLORA (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves 3 in a whorl, linear-
oblong, serrulated, recurved, imbricated in 6 rows ; flowers ter-
minal, aggregate ; bracteas ciliated, remote from the calyx ;
corolla viscid, with an ovate tube, which is ventricose at the
apex, and ovate segments; style exserted. T; . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica jasminiflora, Andr. heath. 1. t.
26. Erica lagenseflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 382. Corolla
12-14 lines long, with a reddish tube, and a yellowish-green
border.
Far. /3, alba; flowers pure white.
Jasmine-flowered Euryloma. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1794.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
3 E. TRICOLOR ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, recurved, ciliated,
as well as the bracteas and calyxes : the terminating hairs the
longest ; pedicels bibracteate near the base ; flowers terminal,
usually about 6 together ; corolla viscid, with a large ventricose
tube, and ovate-cordate slightly crenulated segments ; style ex-
serted. Jj , G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
tricolor, Nois. Bedf. hort. eric. wob. p. 25. Corolla red at the
base, white at top, but greenish-yellow below the contraction
of the limb.
Var. ft, major (Bedf. eric. wob. p. 26.) leaves adpressed,
shortly ciliated ; corolla oblong, inflated, with a red tube and
segments, and yellowish-green below the contraction.
Var. y, dumbsa ; leaves long-ciliated, recurved ; corolla with
an ovate-oblong inflated tube. Tj . G. Corolla with a red tube,
a greenish-yellow contraction, and white segments. Bedf. eric,
wob. p. 25. t. 4. f. 17.
Var. S, minor (Bedf. eric. wob. p. 26.) leaves 4 in a whorl ;
style inclosed ; corolla inflated, ventricose. ^ . G. Corolla
with a red tube, greenish-yellow top, and red segments.
Three-coloured Euryloma. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810. Shrub.
4 E. MIRA'BILIS ; leaves 3 in a whorl,? obtuse; flowers ter-
minal, disposed in umbellate fascicles ; corolla viscid ? with a
ventricose base, a contracted neck, and a wide-spreading border,
fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica mirabilis,
Lodd. bot. cab. 1804. Corollas white, tinged with red.
Admirable Euryloma. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1804. Shrub.
5 E. AMPULLA'CEA ; leaves 3-4 in a whorl, lanceolate,
ciliated, reflexed ; flowers terminal, usually by fours ; bracteas
approximating the calyx, ciliated, as well as the calycine seg-
ments ; corolla viscid, with a ventricose tube, ribbed neck,
and ovate-cordate slightly crenulated obtuse segments ; style
exserted. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
ampullacea, Curt. bot. mag. 303. Andr. heath. 1. t. 29. Lodd
bot. cab. 508. Erica ampulseformis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p.
381. Leaves imbricate at the base, moderately spreading at top.
Corolla 8-10 lines long, red. Anthers incurved at top.
Flask-fiowered Euryloma. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1790. Sh.
6 E. IRBYA'NA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, cuspidate, with scabrous
margins, erect ; bracteas remote from and approximating the
calyx ; flowers terminal, umbellate ; corolla viscid, with a cylin-
drical ventricose tube, and large segments ; style exserted ; an-
thers mutic. lj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica Irbyana, Andr. heath. 3. t. 25. Lodd. bot. cab. 816.
Flowers white.
Var. /3, rubra ; flowers reddish-purple.
Irby's Euryloma. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1 to
2 feet.
7 E. NOTA'BILIS ; leaves linear-oblong, 3 in a whorl, serru-
lately ciliated, short, adpressed ; branches slender, flexuous ;
flowers small, terminal, aggregate, viscid ; corolla tubular, with
a constricted neck, and small limb. 17 . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica notabilis, Wendl. Licht. ex Spreng. syst.
2. p. 184. Style inclosed.
Notable Euryloma. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub 1
to 2 feet.
8 E. CURVIFOLIA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, recurved, ciliated ? ;
spikes coarctate ; corolla 4 lines long, viscid, with an ovate
pyramidal tube ; spurs of anthers linear-attenuated ; pericarp
hairy. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
curvifolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 380. Flowers lateral.
Curved-leaved Euryloma. Shrub.
9 E. SHANNONIA'NA ; leaves 3-4 in a whorl, stiff, spreading,
ERICACEAE. XIII. EURYLOMA. XIV. CHONA.
817
ending each in a hair ; flowers terminal, umbellate, drooping ;
calyx coloured ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; corolla with a
ventricose ribbed tube ; style exserted. 1j. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica Shannonia, Andr. heath, vol. 4.
Erica Shannoniana, Lodd. hot. cab. 168. Spreng. syst. 2. p.
185. Flowers red.
Countess Shannon's Euryloma. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1806.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
* * Leaves 4 in a whorl.
10 E. HARTNE'LH; leaves 4 in a whorl, lanceolate, imbricated,
finely ciliated : the terminating hairs the longest ; corolla viscid
nearly tubular, rather ventricose at the base, with ovate-triangular
lobes. ^ • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
Hartnelli, Roll. cat.
Harwell's Euryloma. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1820. Shrub.
1 1 E. AMPULLACEoioES ; leaves 4 in a whorl, ciliated ; flowers
terminal ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; corolla with a ven-
tricose curved tube. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica ampullaceoides, Bedf. eric. wob. p. 2. Erica
ampullkcea, Hort. Corolla with a red tube, and a greenish-
yellow neck.
Ampullacea-like Euryloma. Fl. Summer. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
12 E. PRINCEPS ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, ciliated, recurved ;
flowers terminal, umbellate ; bracteas approximating the calyx,
ciliated, as well as the calycine segments ; corolla viscid, with a
ventricose tube, and a hairy top ; style inclosed. Tj . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica princeps, Andr. heath. 2. t.
44. Lodd. bot. cab. 647. Corollas reddish-purple.
Var. ft, cdrnea ; flowers pale red.
Princely Euryloma. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1
to 2 feet.
13 E. RETORTA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, squarrosely recurved,
and are as well as the calyxes and bracteas fimbriately ciliated
and aristate ; flowers terminal, umbellate, usually 7-8 together ;
corolla viscid, with an ovate ventricose tube, and acute seg-
ments ; anthers woolly ; style exserted. tj • Gr. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. . Erica retorta, Lin. suppl. p. 220. Mon-
tin, in act. holm. 1774. p. 297. t. 7. Curt. bot. mag. 362. Andr.
heath. 1. 1. 47. Lodd. bot. cab. 804. Wendl. eric. fasc. 15. p. 45.
with a figure. E. gorteriaefolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 381.
Corolla 8-9 lines long, pale red.
Var. ft, alba; corolla white, Sal. 1. c.
Twisted-leaved Euryloma. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1781.
Shrub.
14 E. CA'PAX ; leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate-cuneated ; flowers
terminal; corolla viscid, 8-10 lines long, with a flask-formed
tube, and retuse segments. fj • G- Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica capax, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 381. Erica prae'g-
nans, Sol. mss.
Capacious Euryloma. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1806. Shrub 1
to 2 feet.
15 E. ARISTA'TA ; leaves 4-5 in a whorl, oblong, subsecund,
hispid, imbricated, awned at the apex ; flowers terminal ; brac-
teas approximating the calyx ; corolla inflated upwards with
revolute projecting segments : calycine segments obtuse. Tj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica aristata, Andr. heath.
3. t. 28. Curt. bot. mag. t. 1449. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 384.
Bedf. eric. wob. p. 2. pi. 2. t. 11. Lodd. bot. cab. 73. Co-
rollas reddish-purple, with a paler limb.
Anined-]ea\ed Euryloma. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1801. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
16 E. ARISTE'LLA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, hispid, awned, imbri-
cated, subsecund ; flowers terminal ; bracteas approximating
the calyx ; corolla with an oblong acuminated tube ; anthers
mutic. >2 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
VOL. III.
aristella, Bedf. eric. wob. p. 2. Erica aristata minor, Hortul.
Corolla reddish-purple.
Small-awned Euryloma. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1806. Shrub.
17 E. OBBA'TA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, ciliated, secund ;
flowers terminal ; bracteas approximating the calyx, ciliated, as
well as the calyxes ; corolla viscid, with a globose-ventricose
ribbed tube, and spreading obtuse segments. (7 . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica obbata, Andr. heath. 2. t. 33.
Corolla with a reddish-purple tube, a greenish-yellow neck, and
a pale limb. ?
Var. ft, umbellata (Andr. heath. 3. t. 29.) flowers terminal,
umbellate, white. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope.
Bottle-fiowered Euryloma. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1796.
Shrub.
18 E. OBLONGA (Bedf. eric. wob. p. 17.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
linear, ciliated, recurved ; flowers terminal, umbellate ; bracteas
approximating the calyx, ciliated; calyx inflated, ciliated; corolla
oblong, ruffed ; anthers mutic. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica oblonga, Bedf. eric. wob. p. 17. Erica ob-
bata rosea, Hortul. Flowers reddish-purple.
Oblong-Qowered Euryloma. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. ? Shrub.
* * * Leaves 6 in a whorl.
19 E. SQUARROSA ; leaves 6 in a whorl, squarrose; flowers
terminal ; corolla viscid, 5-6 lines long, with an ovate pyramidal
tube, and an obtuse limb ; anthers smooth ; spurs marginal. 1? .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica squarrosa, Sal.
in Lin. trans, p. 380. Leaves very dense.
Squarrose Euryloma. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1808. Shrub.
20 E. IMPERIALS ; leaves 6 in a whorl, filiform, erect, imbri-
cated ; flowers terminal, corymbose, drooping ; corolla viscid, ?
with a discoloured limb, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica imperialis, Andr. heath. 4. icon.
Imperial Euryloma. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1802. Shrub.
21 E. RECURVA'TA ; leaves 6 in a whorl, linear, flexuous, re-
curved ; flowers terminal, nearly sessile, drooping, capitate ;
bracteas sessile ; corolla curved, ovate-oblong ; style exserted ;
anthers mutic. Fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica recurvata, Andr. heath, vol. 4. Flowers pale red.
Recurved-fiowered Euryloma. Fl. April, June. Shrub.
22 E. CRINITA ; leaves crowded, lanceolate, terminated each
by a hair ; flowers nearly terminal, drooping ; pedicels red ;
corolla cylindrical, contracted at the neck. T? . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica crinita, Lodd. bot. cab. 1432.
Corolla purplish-red, with a pale border.
Long-haired Euryloma. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1826. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Erica, p. 800. Most
elegant shrubs when in blossom. The wood of the species
being more hard than that of Erica, the cuttings do not strike
root so freely.
XIV. CHO'NA (from x»""l> chone, a funnel ; from the figure
of the corolla). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 155. —
Erica species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria Monogy'nia. Calyx 4-parted, foli-
aceous. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a 4-lobed revolute limb.
Stamens exserted ; filaments capillary ; anthers truncate, com-
bined ; cells of anthers elongated, parallel, awned at the base.
Stigma simple, obtuse. Capsule 4-celled, many-seeded. — A small
diffuse shrub, native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves 3 in a
whorl, linear, awned, with revolute setosely-ciliated margins.
Flowers terminal, corymbose, blood-red. Anthers black. Per-
haps Syringodea mutdbilis belongs to this genus.
1 C. SANGUI'NEA (D. Don, 1. c.). fj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica Nivenia, Andr. heath. 2. t. 26.
5 M
818
ERICACEAE. XV. SYRINGODEA.
Var. ft, longiflbra (Andr. heath. 3. t. 4.) flowers longer and
more tubular, blood-red.
Bloody-fton-ered Chona. Fl. year. Clt. 1799. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Erica, p. 800.
XV. SYRINGO'DEA (from avpiyt* syrinx, a pipe; in refer-
ence to the long tubular corollas). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ.
17. p. 155. — Erica species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Octandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-leaved, gluma-
ceous. Corolla long, tubular, usually rather dilated at top,
rarely a little contracted ; limb short, 4-lobed. Stamens for
the most part inclosed ; filaments capillary ; anthers bipartite ;
cells of anthers short, obtuse, mutic or aristate at the base, de-
hiscing by an oblong foramen. Stigma simple or capitate, and
in some species annulated, with an elevated disk. Capsule 4-
celled, many-seeded. Seeds oval, compressed, smooth. — Erect
shrubs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves loose,
acerose. Flowers large, showy, crowded at the tops of the
branches on every side, disposed in something like spikes.
§ 1. Anthers mutic at the base. Normal species.
* Leaves 3 in a nhorl.
1 S. COSTA* TA ; leaves bluntish, downy, spreading; flowers
terminal, by threes ; bracteas close to the calyx ; calycine seg-
ments serrulated ; corolla glabrous, curved, ribbed ; style a little
exserted. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
costata, Andr. heath. 1 . t. 40. Corolla pale red, with a greenish
border.
Var. ft, superba (Andr. heath, vol. 4.) corolla larger, reddish-
purple, with a greenish-yellow mouth.
Ribbed- flowered Syringodea. Fl. March, June. Clt. 1795.
Shrub.
2 S. DIA'PHANA ; leaves spreading, glabrous ; flowers ter-
minal, by threes, pendulous, glabrous ; bracteas foliaceous, close
to the calyx ; calyxes obtuse, foliaceous ; corolla with a clavate
inflated tube ; style exserted. fi • G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica transparens, Andr. heath, vol. 4. with a
figure. Lodd. hot. cab. 177. Erica diaphana, Spreng. syst. 2.
p. 178. Corollas deep reddish-purple.
Diaphanotis Syringodea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1796. Shrub.
3 S. CLAVA'TA ; leaves erect ; flowers terminal, by threes,
drooping ; bracteas close to the calyx, adpressed ; genitals ex-
serted a little. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica clavata, Andr. heath. 3. t. 40. Corolla green, cylindrically
clavate. Anthers black.
CVaeaie-flowered Syringodea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
4 S. PA'LLENS: leaves linear, hoary, spreading; flowers dis-
posed in terminal racemes, horizontal ; bracteas close to the
calyx. >7 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
pallens, Andr. heath. 3. t. 45. Corolla sulphur-coloured.
JWe-flowered Syringodea. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
5 S. DI'CHRUS ; leaves 3-4 in a whorl, villous ; flowers ter-
minal, by threes ; bracteas close to the calyx ; calyxes coloured,
ciliated ; corolla cylindrical ; style exserted. ^ . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica dichrus, Spreng. syst. 2.
p. 179. Erica bicolor, Andr. heath. 2. t. 39. Lodd. hot. cab.
1001. but not of Thunb. nor Willd. Erica dichromata, Lodd.
bot. cab. 1813. Corolla purplish-red, with a greenish-yellow
mouth.
Tnio-coloured-fiowereA Syringodea. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
C S. LINN.EA'NA (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves ciliated, spreading ;
flowers axillary, numerous, nearly sessile, horizontal ; corollas
clavate, downy or villous ; bracteas close to the calyx, and are
as well as the calycine segments serrated ; style subexserted.
Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Linnaeana,
Lodd. bot. cab. 102. Erica Linnse'a, Andr. heath. 2. t. 34.
Erica perspicua ft, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 371. Corolla white,
with a red base. Anthers bearded on the back at top. In
this and S. abiellna the ovarium is 6-8-celled.
Var. ft, sujxrba (Lodd. bot. cab. 1778.) flowers large, white
tinged with red, erect, t? . G. Erica Bedfordiana, G. Don, in
Loud. hort. brit. p. 147.
Linnaeus' s Syringodea. Fl. Jan. May. Clt. 1 790. Shrub.
7 S. VERSICOLOR ; leaves glabrous, spreading ; flowers ter-
minal, by threes ; calyxes coloured ; bracteas close to the calyx,
denticulated, as well as the calycine segments ; corolla nearly
cylindrical; style exserted. ^ • G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica versicolor, Andr. heath. 1. t. 39. Lodd.
bot. cab. 208. Corolla purplish-red, with a greenish-yellow
mouth.
Var. ft, major (Lodd. bot. cab. 1316.) flowers larger.
Party-coloured-Qovtered Syringodea. Fl. April, Oct. Clt.
1 790. Shrub.
8 S. TRIPHY'LLA ; leaves glabrous, spreading ; flowers termi-
nal, 2-3 together, on short pedicels ; bracteas approximating
the calyx ; calyx foliaceous, spreading ; anthers inclosed ; style
exserted. 7? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
triphylla, Link, enutn. 1. p. 360. Corolla clammy, red, yellow
at top.
Three-leaved Syringodea. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1822. Shb.
9 S. BROADLEYA'NA ; leaves linear, spreading ; flowers axil-
lary, on long pedicels, drooping ; calycine segments narrow,
foliaceous ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; style exserted.
Pj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Broadleyana,
Andr. heath. 3. t. 44. Corolla deep red, with a yellow mouth.
Anthers mutic.
Broadley's Syringodea. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1 800. Shrub.
10 S. INSU'LSA ; leaves 3 in a whorl; flowers terminal ; brac-
teas close to the calyx, foliaceous ; corolla with a cylindrical
incurved tube, and ciliated segments ; style a little exserted ;
Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica insulsa,
Hortul. Bedf. eric. wob. p. 12. Lodd. cat. p. 25. Flowers
yellowish-green.
Dull Syringodea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810. Shrub.
* * Leaves 4 in a whorl.
11 S. REFU'LGENS ; leaves glabrous, spreading; flowers ter-
minal, drooping, by fours ; calyxes coloured, subulate, ad-
pressed ; style exserted. fy . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica reftilgens, Andr. heath, vol. 4. with a figure.
Corollas scarlet or deep purplish-red.
Refulgent Syringodea. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
12 S. TRANSPARENS ; leaves ovate-cuneated, shortly pecti-
nated ; calycine segments cuneated ; corolla 6-7 lines long,
bristly towards the apex outside; filaments spurred. J; . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica transparens, Thunb.
prod. p. 71. Erica cerinthoides y, Thunb. diss. no. 33. Erica
strigilifolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 367. Corollas white. ?
Transparent Syringodea. Fl. May. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
13 S. PELH/CIDA ; leaves linear, horizontal, ciliated ; flowers
terminal, pedicellate, drooping ; bracteas close to the calyx ;
corolla with an oblong inflated tube, subpellucid ; style exserted.
\i . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica pellucida,
Andr. heath. 3. t. 60. Lodd. bot. cab. 276. Corolla white.
Calycine segments linear-subulate.
Var. ft, rubra (Bedf. eric. wob. p. 18. but not of Andr.) co-
1
ERICACEAE. XV. SYRINGODEA.
819
rolla reddish-purple, with an inflated ribbed tube. Calycine
segments linear -subulate.
Pellucid-Rowered Syringodea. Fl. Nov. June. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
14 S. BEDFORDIA'NA ; leaves linear, ciliated ; flowers ter-
minal, pedicellate, drooping ; bracteas remote from and approxi-
mating the calyx ; corolla cylindrical, curved ; style subexserted.
Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica pellucida
riibra, Andr. heath, vol. 4. with a figure. Erica pellucidoides,
Bedf. eric. wob. p. 18. Corollas reddish-purple.
Duke of Bedford's Syringodea. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1808.
Shrub.
15 S. EXU'DANS ; leaves linear, obtuse, spreading, clammy
from glands ; flowers terminal, subaggregate, drooping ; brac-
teas spatulate, close to the calyx ; corolla oblong, curved, rib-
bed ; style exserted. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica exudans, Andr. heath, vol. 4. with a figure.
Erica exsudans, Lodd. bot. cab. 287. Erica rosa solis, Hortul.
Corollas reddish-purple. Bracteas awned.
Sweating Syringodea. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1810. Shrub.
16 S. SULPHU'REA ; leaves linear, obtuse, villous ; flowers fas-
ciculate, axillary and terminal, nearly sessile, horizontal ; bracteas
close to the calyx : corolla cylindrical, trumpet-shaped, villous ;
style exserted. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
sulphurea, Andr. heath, vol. 4. with a figure. Sims, bot. mag.
1984. Lodd. bot. cab. 1762. Corollas pale yellow or sulphur-
coloured.
iSuZpAwr-coloured-flowered Syringodea. Fl. June, Oct. Clt.
1805. Shrub.
17 S. ? FLA'VA; leaves 3 in a whorl, filiform, glabrous, short,
erect ; flowers horizontal, axillary, crowded ; calyx bracteate ;
corolla urceolately tubular, short ; style exserted. Pj . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica flava, Lodd. bot. cab.
882. Andr. heath, vol. 2. t. 38. Flowers yellow.
IWfore-flowered Syringodea. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1795. Shrub.
18 S. ERUBE'SCENS ; leaves linear-lanceolate, with revolute
ciliated margins ; floriferous branches pendulous ; bracteas
awned, close to the calyx, and are as well as the calycine seg-
ments dentately fringed ; corollas cylindrical, inflated, beset
with glandular hairs both inside and outside, with a revolute
limb ; style exserted. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica erubescens, Andr. heath. 3. t. 56. Lodd. bot.
cab. 1826. Erica elong&ta, Hortul. Corolla from pale purplish-
red to white. Calycine segments ovate, roundish.
Reddish-fiovrered Syringodea. Fl. March, July. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
19 S. ELA'TA; leaves filiform, bluntish ; branches spreading ;
flowers axillary or terminating small branches, crowded in the
manner of a spike ; bracteas remote from and approximating
the calyx ; corolla curved, trumpet-shaped, villous, with a
rather revolute limb ; genitals exserted. Ij . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica elata, Andr. heath. 2. t. 18. Lodd.
bot. cab. 1788. Erica longiflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 359.
Corolla orange-red, 18-20 lines long, downy, with an obtuse
limb. Herb powdery. Pedicels glabrous. Calyx recurvedly
spreading, convex on the outside at the base.
Tall Syringodea. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1790. Shrub.
20 S. ? LINKII ; leaves spreading, beset with a few hairs ;
flowers terminal, umbellate ; bracteas remote from the calyx ;
calycine segments ovate, white ; anthers mutic, subexserted.
17 • S. ? Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica protrudens,
Link. enum. 1. p. 372. Corolla 2-3 lines long, white. — Proba-
bly a species of Gypsocallis.
Link's Syringodea. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1805. Shrub.
21 S. STAGNALIS; leaves linear, hairy; flowers terminal;
pedicels glabrous; corolla 10-11 lines long, hairy ; anthers
straight, papillose, mutic. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica stagnalis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 359. Erica
tubiflora, Roxb. mss.
Stagnant Syringodea. Fl. March, June. Clt. 1790. Shrub.
22 S. FLA'MMEA ; leaves filiform, erectish, glabrous ; flowers
subsolitary, terminating the small branches, spike-like, horizon-
tal ; bracteas close to the calyx ; calycine segments subulate,
imbricated, unequal ; corolla 8 lines long, downy, with a clavate
tube, and the segments of the limb imbricated at the base ; geni-
tals a little exserted. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica flammea, Andr. heath. 2. t. 53. Erica bibax,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 358. Erica curviflora, Thunb. diss. no.
30. Corollas pale yellow.
Flame-coloured-ftowered Syringodea. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt.
1793. Shrub.
23 S. LINN/EOI DES ; leaves linear-lanceolate, pilose, spread-
ing ; flowers almost sessile, terminating small branches ; brac-
teas close to the calyx ; calycine segments lanceolate ; corolla
villous, cylindrical, swollen at top ; style subexserted. fj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica linnaeoides, Andr.
heath. 2. t. 42. Erica Linnseana, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 375. Lodd.
bot. cab. 102. Corollas with a purplish-red base, and a white top.
Linncea-like Syringodea. Fl. Jan. May. Clt. 1790. Shrub.
24 S. RADIA'TA ; leaves filiform, spreading ; flowers ter-
minal, umbellately verticillate ; bracteas remote from the calyx ;
calyx adpressed ; corolla 9-10 lines long, glabrous, with a cylin-
drical tube, and recurved limb ; style exserted ; fruit glabrous.
^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica radiata,
Andr. heath. 1. t. 46. Erica calamiformis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6.
p. 380. Flowers reddish-purple.
.Ray-flowered Syringodea. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1798.
Shrub.
25 S. SPURIA; leaves linear, subciliated, erectly spreading;
flowers aggregate, terminating the small branches ; bracteas re-
mote from the calyx ; calycine segments ovate, acuminated ;
corolla 7-8 lines long, downy, with a cylindrical tube, and a
spreading border ; genitals inclosed ; pericarp obpyramidal.
?2 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica spuria,
Andr. heath. 1. t. 54. Erica culcitaeflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6.
p. 357. Corolla red.
Far. ft, translucens ; corolla purplish-red, rather ventricose at
the base. — Erica translucens, Andr. heath, vol. 4. with a figure.
Spurious Syringodea. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1796. Shrub.
26 S. EXSU'RGENS ; leaves filiform, spreadingly recurved ;
flowers axillary, verticillate, horizontal, crowded ; bracteas re-
mote from and approximate to the calyx : corolla cylindrically
clavate, 13-15 lines long, viscid, with ovate cuneated segments;
filaments exserted ; pericarp 4-furrowed. I? . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica exsurgens, Andr. heath. 1.
t. 57. Lodd. bot. cab. 835. Erica grandifl6ra breviflora,
Wendl. eric. 7. p. 7. with a figure. Erica pharetrseformis,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 361. Corollas orange-red. This
species differs from all others in the corolline segments being
attenuated at the apex, and bifid. There are several varieties of
the species in the gardens, besides those mentioned below, differ-
ing in the colour of the flowers.
Far. ft, grandiflora (Bedf. eric. wob. p. 7.) leaves 6-7 in a
whorl ; anthers a little exserted ; style exserted ; corolla long,
cylindrical, trumpet-shaped, with an orange-red tube, and orange-
yellow segments.
Far. y, rulila (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 361.) corolla golden-
yellow, f; . G. Erica abietina, Roxb. mss. ex Sal.
Rising-stamened Syringodea. Fl. March, Oct. Clt. 1792.
Shrub.
27 S. CURVIFLOVRA; leaves linear, spreading, glabrous; flowers
usually solitary, terminating small branches ; bracteas close to
5 M 2
820
ERICACEAE. XV. SYRINOODEA.
the calyx; corolla glabrous, 10-1 1 lines long, with a curved cylin-
drical tube, and an erect or spreadingly reflexed limb ; style ex-
serted. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
curvifl6ra, Lin. diss. no. 41. a. Andr. heath. 1. t. 52. Lodd.
bot. cab. 1668. Wendl. eric. fasc. 3. no. 3. p. 3. with a figure.
Erica fastuosa, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 359. Flowers orange-
yellow. Fruit broadly turbinate.
Var. fi, rubra (Andr. heath. 3. t. 61.) corolla orange-red,
cylindrically trumpet-shaped. tj . G. Erica simpliciflora,
Hortul.
Curved-flowered Syringodea. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1774.
Shrub tall.
28 S. SIMPLICIFLO'RA ; leaves trigonal, erectly spreading, gla-
brous ; flowers terminating the small branches, solitary, erect ;
bracteas remote from the calyx ; calycine segments lanceolate,
adprcssed ; corolla tubular, constricted in the middle, with a
spreading limb ; genitals exserted. Jj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica simpliciflora, Willd. spec. 2. p. 402.
Wendl. eric. 17. p. 69. with a figure. Erica curviflora, Lin.
syst. ed. 13. p. 305. but not of his diss. Sal. in Lin. trans. 6.
p. 358. Flowers rufous or reddish-orange. Pedicels downy.
Corolla 9 lines long, downy ; interstices of the limb lanceolate.
Calycine segments ovate, acuminated.
Simpk-flonered Syringodea. Fl. March, July. Clt. 1774.
Shrub.
29 S. TUBIFLO'RA ; leaves linear, obtuse, downy, erect ;
flowers usually solitary, terminating the small branches ; brac-
teas almost close to the calyx ; corolla downy, cylindrical, 9-10
lines long, a little curved, with a revolute limb ; calycine seg-
ments oblong ; style exserted. fj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica tubiflora, Lin. diss. no. 40. spec. ed. 2. p.
505. Andr. heath. 1. t. 52. Wendl. eric. 4. p. 7. with a figure.
Icon. hort. kew. 28. Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 357. Flowers
purplish-red. Pedicels glabrous.
Var. ft, coccinea (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 357.) flowers deeper
red. Jj . G. Erica coccinea, Lin. diss. no. 42. with a figure
of the flower.
Tube-jlowered Syringodea. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1775.
Shrub.
30 S. IONE'SCENS ; leaves linear, glabrous, spreading ; flowers
solitary, terminating the small branches, drooping ; calycine seg-
ments ovate, acuminated, a little ciliated ; bracteas ovate, ribbed,
close to the calyx, or rather remote ; corolla cylindrical, rather
pilose at top, with a revolute limb ; style exserted. Tj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica ignescens, Andr.
heath. 2. t. 47. Corollas reddish-orange. Calycine segments
ovate, acuminated.
Fiery Syringodea. Fl. March, June. Clt. 1792. Shrub.
31 S. SORDID A ; branches scattered, hairy; leaves linear,
obtuse, woolly, spreading ; flowers usually solitary, terminating
the small branches, drooping ; bracteas remote from the calyx ;
calyxes adpressed, convex outside at the base; corolla 12 lines
long, cylindrical, curved, villous, with a revolute limb ; genitals
inclosed, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
sordida, Andr. heath. 1. t. 55. Lodd. bot. cab. 1973. Erica
laniflora, Wendl. eric. fasc. 1 9, no. 4. with a figure. Erica floc-
cosa, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 360. Flowers dirty orange-
red. Style exserted.
Dirty-flowered Syringodea. Fl. Aug. Dec. Clt. 1790.
Shrub.
32 S. BRACHIA^LIS ; leaves linear, hairy; flowers terminal;
corolla 6-8 lines long, hairy both inside and outside, with a
curved pyramidal tube ; anthers mutic, very long. Jj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica brachialis, Sal. in
Lin. trans. 6. p. 367.
Branched Syringodea. Fl. March, July. Clt. 1792. Shrub.
33 S. SERRATIFO'LIA ; leaves linear, acute, spreading, with
plumose margins ; flowers aggregate, terminal ; bracteas close
to the calyx ; calyxes foliaceous, glandularly ciliated, a little
recurved ; corolla 9 lines long, glabrous, cylindrical, with a
spreading limb ; anthers a little exserted ; style exserted. J; .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica serratifolia,
Andr. heath. 1. t. 48. Lodd. bot. cab. 1703. Erica cylindri-
ciflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 356. Erica plumosa, Wendl.
eric. no. 12. p. 5. Corolla greenish-yellow at top, and orange-
red at base. Leaves 4-6 in a whorl.
San -leaved Syringodea. Fl. Aug. Dec. Clt. 1790.
Shrub.
34 S. MASSONII; leaves 4-5 in a whorl, linear, serrulated,
hairy, imbricately spreading ; flowers axillary, crowded, droop-
ing, disposed in a verticillate crown ; bracteas imbricate ; corolla
10-12 lines long, viscid, swollen at top ; style exserted ; peri-
carp clavate, stipitate. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica Massonii, Lin. suppl. 219. Curt. bot. mag. t.
356. PI. kew. t. 20. Lodd. bot. cab. 1069. Erica Massonia,
Andr. heath. 1. t. 51. Erica lycopodifolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6.
p. 361. Corolla with a scarlet or reddish-purple tube, and a
greenish-yellow constricted mouth.
Var. a, minor (Bedf. eric. wob. p. 14.) corolla smaller, with
an inflated clavate tube. T? . G.
Masson's Syringodea. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1787. Shrub.
35 S. PROCE'RA ; leaves linear, erect, downy ; flowers solitary,
terminating the small branches, erectish ; corolla constricted in
the middle, with a spreading limb ; style exserted. Ij . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica procera, Wendl. eric,
with a figure. Corollas white. ?
Lofty Syringodea. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1791. Shrub.
36 S. CONSPI'CUA ; leaves linear, oblong, glabrous, spread-
ing ; flowers terminal, rather aggregate, drooping ; bracteas
near the calyx, spatulate ; calycine segments ovate, obtuse, con-
cave at the base outside; pedicels pubescent; corolla 15 lines
long, with a clavate tube, and a retuse limb ; genitals exserted a
little. Ji . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica con-
spicua, Sol. in hort. kew. 2. p. 373. Willd. spec. 2. p. 404. PI.
kew. t. 12. Andr. heath. 1. t. 30. Wendl. eric. 4. p. 9. with a
figure. Corollas orange-yellow.
Conspicuous Syringodea. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1774. Shrub.
37 S. GLANDULO'SA ; leaves linear, acute, beset with glandular
hairs, spreading ; flowers nearly terminal, crowded, disposed in
a verticillate crown ; bracteas close to the calyx, and are as well
as it ciliated with glandular hairs ; corolla glabrous, with a cla-
vate tube ; style exserted. f? . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica glandulosa, Thunb. prod. p. 71. diss. no.
32. Corollas orange-red. ?
Glandular Syringodea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1801. Shrub.
38 S. GEMM'IFERA; leaves oblong, adpressed, ciliated, aristate,
4-5 in a whorl ; branches thickened at top ; bracteas remote from
and approximating the calyx ; flowers drooping, crowded, dis-
posed in a verticillate crown ; corolla villous, cylindrical, inflated ;
genitals inclosed. P? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica gemmifera, Sims, bot. mag. t. 2266. Lodd. bot. cab. 457.
Erica Massonii minor, Hortul. Corollas reddish-purple or
scarlet, with a green apex.
Gem-bearing Syringodea. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1802.
Shrub.
39 S. LITUIFLO'RA ; leaves linear, nearly smooth ; flowers
solitary or by threes, terminating the branches ; bracteas close to
the calyx; corolla 6-8 lines long, downy or villous, with the
tube clavate ; filaments bearded on the back at the apex. Tj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica lituiflora, Sal.
in Lin. trans. 6. p. 356. Erica perspicua, Wendl. eric. fasc. 1.
p. 7. with a figure. Corolla white, tinged with red.
ERICACEAE. XV. SYRISGODEA.
821
Trumpet-flowered Syringodea. Fl. March, June. Clt. 1796.
Shrub.
40 S. PERSPICUA; leaves linear, nearly smooth; flowers ter-
minating the small branches, spike-formed ; bracteas remote
from the calyx ; pedicels hairy ; corolla cylindrical, erect ; geni-
tals inclosed. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica perspicua. Hort. Bedf. eric. wob. p. 1 8. Corolla reddish-
purple.
Far. ft, nana (Bedf. 1. c.) leaves hairy ; pedicels slightly
hairy ; tube of corolla cylindrical, straight. Tj . .G. Corollas
purplish-red.
CW-flowered Syringodea. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
41 S. BEDFORDIA'NA ; leaves linear, ciliated, hairy ; flowers
terminal, subcapitate ; pedicels slightly hairy ; bracteas remote
from the calyx ; corolla downy, ? with a cylindrical, subventri-
cose tube ; genitals inclosed. fj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica perspicuoides, Bedf. eric. wob. 18. Flowers
reddish-purple.
Duke of Bedford's Syringodea. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
42 S. CYRILUEFLO'RA ; stem slender ; leaves linear, glabrous ?
corolla 2-3 lines long, downy, with a narrow campanulate tube,
and a short limb, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica cyrillaeflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 357. Flowers pale
scarlet.
Cyrilla-flowered Syringodea. Fl. Feb. Sept. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
43 S. OBPYRAMIDA'LIS ; leaves pubescent, spreading ; flowers
terminal, usually by threes ; bracteas remote from the calyx,
broad at the base ; corolla funnel-shaped, with a spreading border,
having the interstices of the limb tumid on the outside ; fruit
spherical, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. E.
pyramidalis,. Andr. heath. 1. t. 45. Sims, bot. mag. 366.
kew. Lodd. bot, cab. 319. Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 401. Icon. pi.
t. 27. Wendl. eric. 5. p. 3. with a figure. Erica obpyramidalis,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 356. Corollas purplish-red, 3^ to 4
lines long. Style exserted.
Obpyramidal-fiowered Syringodea. Fl. Year. Clt. 1787.
Shrub l£ foot.
44 S. VERTICILLA'TA ; leaves linear, glabrous; flowers crowded,
nearly terminal, verticillate, drooping ; bracteas linear, remote
from the calyx ; corolla with a cylindrical inflated tube, gla-
brous, constricted at top ; genitals inclosed. (7 . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica verticillata, Andr. heath. 1.
t. 7. Lodd. bot. cab. 145. Erica mammosa, ft, verticillata,
Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 369. Flowers scarlet.
Whorled-fiovtered Syringodea. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1774.
Shrub.
45 S. COLOVRANS ; leaves linear, spreading, ciliated ; flowers
crowded, terminating the small branches ; bracteas close to the
calyx ; corolla cylindrical, clavate, glabrous ; style almost in-
closed ; calyxes coloured, subulate. Jj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica colorans, Andr. heath, vol. 4. with
a figure. Lodd. bot. cab. 224. Ker. bot. reg. 601. Bedf. eric,
wob. pi. 4. f. 11. Corollas varying from white to red.
Colouring Syringodea. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1827. Shrub.
* * * Leaves 6 or more in ft tvhorl.
46 S. SPLE'NDENS; leaves linear, obtuse, spreading ; flowers
densely crowded, drooping ; calycine segments ovate ; corolla
downy, with a subrevolute limb ; genitals exserted. f? . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica splendens, Wendl.
eric. fasc. 8. p. 5. with a figure, but not of Andr. Corolla deep
red.
Splendent Syringodea. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1792. Shrub.
47 S. LONGIFO'LIA ; leaves long, linear, incurvedly spreading,
with scabrous edges ; flowers crowded in whorls, drooping ;
bracteas close to the calyx ; corolla pubescent, clammy ; caly-
cine segments linear ; genitals inclosed. T; . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica longifolia, PI. hort. kew. t. 4.
Willd. spec. 2. p. 398. Erica longifolia S, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6.
p. 363. Erica pinea, Wendl. eric. 1. p. 11. with a figure. Co-
rolla more or less clavate, deep red.
Long -leaved Syringodea. Fl. Feb. July. Clt. 1787.
Shrub.
48 S. VESTI'TA ; leaves linear, erect, with scabrous edges ;
flowers crowded, verticillate, nearly sessile, spreading ; bracteas
close to the calyx ; corolla cylindrical, more or less clavate,
9-11 lines long, downy, with a revolute limb: style exserted ;
pericarp silky at top. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica vestita, Thunb. diss. no. 25. Erica longifolia,
var. a, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 363. Erica vestita alba, Andr.
heath. 1. t. 62. Wendl. eric. no. 12. p. 3. with a figure. Caly-
cine segments ciliated with glandular hairs. Corolla white,
cylindrical, curved.
Far. ft, lutea (Andr. heath. 3. t. 72.) leaves 6-8 in a whorl ;
corolla cylindrical, pale yellow.
Var. y, incarnata (Andr. heath. 2. t. 66. Lodd. bot. cab.
1698.) leaves 7 in a whorl ; genitals a little exserted ; corolla
cylindrical, almost straight, pale reddish-purple. Erica longi-
folia, Curt. bot. mag. 706.
Var. S, rosea (Antlr. heath. 2. t. 67.) leaves 7-8 in a whorl ;
anthers a little exserted ; corolla cylindrical, subclavate, red-
dish-purple.
Var. c, fulgida (Andr. heath. 2. t. 68.) anthers a little ex-
serted ; flowers nearly terminal ; corolla with a cylindrical tube,
and straight segments, reddish-purple or deep red. Erica ful-
gida, Bedf. eric. wob. p. 11. Lodd. bot. cab. 1633.
Far. £, purpurea (Andr. heath. 1. t. 63.) anthers a little ex-
serted ; corolla cylindrical, subclavate, purplish-red. Lodd.
bot. cab. 217. Wendl. eric. 10. p. 7. with a figure.
Far. r,, cocclnea (Andr. heath. 1. 1. 6. bot. mag. 402. Wendl.
eric. 11. p. 5. with a figure.) anthers a little exserted; corolla
erect, cylindrical, curved, deep red, not exactly scarlet.
Clothed Syringodea. Fl. year. Clt. 17S9. Shrub.
49 S. PINEA ; leaves linear, obtuse, spreading ; flowers
crowded, verticillate, almost sessile, spreading ; bracteas close
to the calyx ; calycine segments dilated at the base, and linear-
subulate at the apex, imbricate ; corolla 6-7 lines long, glabrous,
with a cylindrical clavate tube, and a serrulated spreading limb ;
pericarp glabrous ; style exserted. Jj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica pinea, Thunb. diss. no. 26. Andr. heath.
1. t. 61. Erica pinifolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 362. but not
of Andr. Flowers deep red and blue.
Far. ft, purpurea (Lodd. bot. cab. 1259.) corollas purple.
There are several other varieties in the gardens.
Pine-like Syringodea. Fl. Aug. Dec. Clt. 1790. Shrub.
50 S. PINIFO'LIA ; leaves filiform, elongated, glabrous, spread-
ing, 6-8 in a whorl ; flowers nearly terminal, crowded, hori-
zontal, verticillate ; bracteas close to the calyx ; calyx villous,
with linear segments ; corolla tomentose, cylindrically club-
shaped, inflated, ribbed ; style exserted. ?? . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica pinifolia, Andr. heath. 3. t. 69.
Erica pityophylla, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 181. Corolla white, with
dark anthers.
Far. ft, discolor (Andr. heath. 3. t. 70.) corolla with a cylin-
drical ribbed tube, reddish-purple or pale red.
Far. y, spiralis (Hort. Bedf. eric. wob. 19.) corolla with a
clavate inflated tube, white and purplish-red.
Far. S, coccinea (Andr. heath. 2. t. 65.) flowers scarlet.
Fine-leaved Syringodea. Fl. Feb. July. Clt. 1810. Shrub.
822
ERICACEAE. XV. SYRINGODEA.
51 S. AT/REA; leaves linear, recurvedly spreading; flowers
horizontal, crowded, verticillate, nearly terminal ; bracteas close
to the calyx, aristate; corolla cylindrical, with reflexed seg-
ments ; style exserted ; calycine segments ovate, acuminated.
fy . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica aurea, Andr.
heath. 2. t. 61. Corollas orange-yellow.
Var. ;3, fibre pallido (Andr. heath. 3. t. 71.) flowers pale red,
with dark anthers.
GoWew-flowered Syringodea. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1799.
Shrub.
52 S. vimms ; leaves linear, spreading, subrecurved ; flowers
crowded, verticillate, horizontal ; bracteas one-half shorter than
the calyx ; corolla cylindrical, ribbed, dilated in the middle, with
a revolute limb ; style exserted. J; . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica viridis, Andr. heath. 2. t. 59. Ait. hort.
kew. 2. p. 376. Flowers greenish-yellow.
Green-flowered Syringodea. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
53 S. HIBBERTIA'NA ; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, linear, glabrous,
spreading ; flowers horizontal, crowded, disposed in a whorled
crown ; bracteas 3, two of which are close to the calyx, and the
third remote ; corolla glabrous, clammy, cylindrical, curved,
clavate, with an erect limb ; anthers a little exserted. 1? . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Hibbertia, Andr.
heath. 3. t. 68. Erica Hibbertiana, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 378.
Sims, bot. mag. 1758. Corollas dark red or purplish-red, with
a yellow mouth.
Hibbert's Syringodea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
54 S. ouosMjEFLORA ; leaves linear, spreading, glabrous ;
flowers crowded, axillary, subverticillate ; corolla viscid,
with a cylindrical tube and spreading limb ; bracteas one-half
shorter than the calyx. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica glutinosa, Andr. heath. 1. t. 60. Erica viscosa,
Wendl. eric, with a figure. Erica onosmseflora, Sal. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 363. Corolla sulphur-coloured ; tube clavate, 9-10
lines long. Calycine segments ovate-oblong.
Onosma-flomered Syringodea. Fl. Sept. March. Clt. 1789.
Shrub.
55 S. ECHIIFLORA ; leaves 5-7 in a whorl, linear, downy,
with rough margins, spreading; flowers axillary, horizontal,
spicate ; bracteas close to the calyx ; corolla with a short in-
flated ribbed tube, clammy ; style exserted. fj . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica echiiflora, Andr. heath. 3. t.
62. Lodd. bot. cab. 364. Erica echiiflora, var. superba, Bedf.
eric. wob. p. 8. Corollas deep red or reddish-purple.
Var, ft, purpurea (Bedf. eric. wob. p. 8.) corolla purple, with
a short equal tube, that is not inflated.
Var. y, coccinea (Lodd. cat. p. 25.) corollas deep red or
scarlet.
Bugloss-flonered Syringodea. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1798.
Shrub.
56 S. ARGENTIFLORA ; leaves linear, glabrous, spreadingly in-
curved ; flowers axillary, horizontal, spicate, rather pellucid ;
bracteas close to the calyx ; style exserted. Tj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica argentiflora, Andr. heath, vol.
4. with a figure. Corolla tubular, short, white.
Silver-flowered Syringodea. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
57 S. ARCHERIA'NA ; leaves 6-7 in a whorl, serrulately cili-
ated, spreading ; flowers axillary and terminal, crowded, verti-
cillate ; pedicels tribracteate, 2 of the bracteas near the calyx,
and the third remote ; corolla downy, viscid, with a cylindrical
inflated tube ; calycine segments serrulately hispid, as well as
the bracteas ; style exserted. fj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica Archeria, Andr. heath. 2. t. 66. Erica
Archeriana, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 378. Lodd. bot. cab. 1466.
Corolla deep reddish-purple or scarlet. Ovarium cylin-
drical.
Lady Archer's Syringodea. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1796.
Shrub.
58 S. ROSEA ; leaves filiform, erect, 5-6 in a whorl ; flowers
sessile, terminating small branches ; bracteas close to the calyx ;
corolla glabrous, with a cylindrical tube and erect segments ;
calycine segments subulate ; genitals inclosed. T? . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica rosea, Andr. heath. 2. t. 13.
Lodd. bot. cab. 782. Flowers red.
.ftos^-flowered Syringodea. Fl. April, Oct. Clt. 1798.
Shrub.
59 S. SALISBURIAVNA ; leaves linear, erect, with revolute
margins, white beneath ; flowers axillary, racemosely spicate,
tufted, crowded, drooping ; corollas cylindrically clavate ; style
exserted. ^ • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
Salisburia, Andr. heath, vol. 4. with a figure. Erica rosea,
Hort. Bedf. eric. wob. p. 132. Flowers purplish red.
Salisbury's Syringodea. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
60 S. GRANDIFLORA ; leaves linear, bluntish, glabrous, re-
clinate ; flowers axillary near the tops of the branches and
stem, verticillate ; bracteas small, close to the calyx ; calycine
segments ovate-lanceolate ; corolla long, curved, trumpet-
shaped, viscid, with a revolute limb ; genitals exserted. fy . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica grandiflora, Thunb.
diss. no. 28. Lin. suppl. 223. Curt. bot. mag. 189. PI. hort.
kew. t. 8. Andr. heath. 1. t. 50. Erica grandiflora longifolia,
Wendl. eric. 6. p. 5. with a figure. Lodd. bot. cab. 498. Co-
rolla orange-yellow outside, yellow inside. Leaves from 4 to 6
in a whorl, but usually the latter number.
Var. ft, formbsa ; leaves 8 in a whorl ; pedicels bracteate, 2
of the bracteas close to the calyx, and the third remote from
it ; corollas reddish-orange. Erica formosa, Bedf. eric. wob.
p. 10.
Var. y, humilis ; leaves 4 in a whorl. Shrub dwarf.
Far. S, Andrewsii ; flowers scarlet. Tj . G. Erica formosa,
Andr. heath. 2. t. 64.
Great-flowered Syringodea. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1775.
Shrub.
61 S. LEEA'NA; leaves linear, filiform, stifF, obtuse, spreading;
flowers axillary, verticillate ; bracteas close to the calyx, and
length of it ; corolla 5-6 lines long, viscid, with a clavate 4-
ribbed tube, and a spreading limb ; calyx adpressed ; style ex-
serted. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
Leea, Andr. heath. 1. t. 59. Erica Leeana, Ait. hort. kew. 2.
t. 376. PI. kew. 24. Lodd. bot. cab. 298. Erica costseflora,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 363. Corollas oran<je-red.
Lee's Syringodea. Fl. May, Jan. Clt. 1788. Shrub.
62 S. CEPHALOTES ; leaves linear ; flowers disposed in
capitate whorls ; calyx downy ; corolla tubularly clavate ; an-
thers inclosed ; style exserted. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica cepha!6tes, Thunb. diss. no. 23. prod. 70.
Willd. spec. 2. p. 398. Corolla purple.
Headed Syringodea. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1812. Shrub.
63 S. COCCINEA ; stem angular ; leaves linear, cuspidate, cili-
ated, spreading; flowers axillary, crowded; bracteas close to
the calyx ; calyx spreading, woolly or villous ; corolla viscid, 9-
10 lines long, having the tube hardly clavate, and the limb
erect ; style exserted ; ovarium turbinate. fj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica coccinea, Berg. pi. cap. p. 93.
Wendl. eric. fasc. 3. p. 9. with a figure. Andr. heath, 1. t. 49.
Lodd. bot. cab. 1374. Erica abietlna, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 355.
Erica frondosa, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 364. Flowers scarlet
or deep red.
Var. /3, Bedfordiana ; bracteas coloured; calyx woolly; geni-
tals exserted ; flowers nearly terminal, verticillate : corolla with
ERICACEAE. XV. SYRINGOUEA.
823
a trumpet-shaped tube. Jj • G. Erica coccinea, Hortul. Bedf.
eric. wob. p. 6. Flowers red-orange.
Scarlet-Rowered Syringodea. Fl. Year. Clt. 1793. Shrub.
64 S. PURPU'REA ; stem terete; leaves short, linear, ciliated,
spreading, 6-7 in a whorl, rather remote ; flowers crowded, hori-
zontal, verticillate; bracteas close to the calyx ; calyx incurvedly
erect ; corolla cylindrical, trumpet-shaped, 8-9 lines long, viscid,
with a hardly clavate tube, and a spreading limb ; genitals ex-
serted ; ovarium turbinate. fj. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica purpurea, Andr. heath. 1. t. 58. Lodd.
bot. cab. 703. Erica phylicifolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 361.
Corollas purple.
Purple-fiowered Syringodea. Fl. Year. Clt. 1789. Shrub.
65 S. CONC!NNA ; leaves linear, rather villous, erect ; flowers
axillary, verticillate, crowded ; bracteas close to the calyx ; co-
rolla 7-9 lines long, downy, cylindrical, with the tube rather cla-
vate, and the limb spreading ; calyxes denticulated, villous; geni-
tals inclosed ; anthers bearded at the base. fj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica concinna, Sol. in Ait. hort.
kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 23. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 374. Schnev. icon,
no. 31. Wendl. eric. 9. p. 9. with a figure. Erica abietina,
Andr. eric. 2. t. 62. Erica verticillata, Berg. pi. cap. p. 99.
Erica paludosa, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 35C. Corollas pale
purplish-red.
Neat Syringodea. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1773. Shrub.
66 S. FILAMENTOSA ; leaves linear, glabrous ? ; flowers axil-
lary, nearly terminal, verticillate, crowded ; bracteas remote from
the calyx ; calycine segments subulate ; corolla with a large
bell-shaped tube ; style exserted ; pedicels longer than the
flowers. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
filamentosa, Andr. heath. 2. t. 63. Ker. bot. reg. t. 6. Lodd.
bot. cab. 395. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 398. Corolla short,
purple.
Thready Syringodea. Fl.Year. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
67 S. LANA'TA ; leaves 5-6 in a whorl, woolly, as well as the
branches, which are also verticillate ; flowers terminal ; calyx
incurvedly spreading, concave at the base outside ; corolla 9-1 1
lines long, rather woolly. I? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica lanata, Wendl. eric. p. 45. with a figure. Erica
verticillaris, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 360. Flowers of a rufous
fulvous colour. Anthers mutic.
Woolly Syringodea. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1775. Shrub.
68 S. PU'RA ; leaves linear, glabrous ; flowers axillary, ver-
ticillate, near the tops of the branches ; bracteas close to the
calyx ; style exserted ; corolla with a cylindrical subclavate
tube. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
pura, Andr. heath, vol. 4. with a figure, but not of Lodd.
Flowers pure white.
Pure-flowered Syringodea. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1827.
Shrub.
69 S. PULCHE'LLA ; leaves linear, attenuated, with revolute
edges, glabrous ? ; bracteas close to the calyx ; flowers axillary,
crowded ; calycine segments subulate ; pedicels much shorter
than the flowers ; corolla viscid, 5-6 lines long, with a funnel-
formed tube. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica pulchella, Thunb. diss. no. 24. with a figure. Ait. hort.
kew. 2. p. 398. Lodd. bot. cab. 307. ? Erica argutifolia, Sal.
in Lin. trans. 6. p. 364.
Pretty Syringodea. Fl. Autumn. Clt. 1792. Shrub.
70 S. PULVINIFORMIS ; leaves linear, attenuated, serrulately
ciliated ; flowers longish, on the rudiments of the branches ; co-
rolla 7-9 lines long, viscid, with a cylindrically urceolar tube.
fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica pulvinifor-
mis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 364. Corollas red. — Habit of
Erica cerinthoides.
Pillow -formed- flowered Syringodea. Fl. Feb. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
| 2. Anthers owned or crested. Aberrant, species.
* Leaves 3 in a whorl,
71 S. DISCOLOR; leaves linear, spreading, ciliated; flowers
terminal, by threes ; bracteas close to the calyx ; calycine seg-
ments serrulated ; corolla 9-10 lines long, anointed with gluten,
cylindrical, having the tube finely striated ; awns of anthers
short, glabrous, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica discolor, Andr. heath. 1. t. 3. Wendl. eric. 5. p. 9. with
a figure. Lodd. bot. cab. 1453. Erica cupressiformis, Sal. in
Lin. trans. 6. p. 354. Corollas pale red.
Trvo-coloured-fioweredi Syringodea. Fl. Nov. March. Clt.
1788. Shrub.
72 S. KUGOSA ; leaves crowded, linear, spreadingly reflexed,
3-5 in a whorl ; flowers axillary, verticillate, near the tops of
the branches ; bracteas broad at the base, remote from the
calyx ; calyx foliaceous ; corolla with a wrinkled tube ; genitals
exserted ; anthers awned. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica rugosa, Andr. heath, vol. 4. with a figure.
Flowers reddish-purple.
Wrinkled-Rov/ered Syringodea. Fl. Feb. Nov. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
73 S. DENSIFOLIA ; leaves linear-oblong, imbricated, glabrous ;
flowers axillary, crowded ; corolla cylindrically-clavate, downy ;
style exserted. 17.6. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
densifblia, Willd. spec. 2. p. 359. Flowers purplish-red.
Dense-leaved Syringodea. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1811.
Shrub.
74 S. EWERA'NA ; leaves linear, scabrous, spreading ;
flowers subspicate ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; calyx flat,
with thick margins ; corolla cylindrical, 8-10 lines long, clothed
with viscid down, curved and clavate ; style exserted ; awns of
anthers long, downy. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica Ewerana, Dry. in Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 368. Lodd.
bot. cab. 303. Erica Ewera, Hort. Erica U'hria, Andr.
heath. 2. t. 3. Wendl. eric. 18. p. 91. Erica decora,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 354, with a figure. Corolla dark red,
or reddish-purple, with a greenish-yellow mouth.
Far. ft, pilosa (Andr. heath. 2. t. 4.) leaves pilose; bracteas
close to the calyx ; flowers terminating small branches ; corolla
slightly curved and clavate, purplish-red, with a greenish-yellow
mouth.
Ewer's Syringodea. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1790. Shrub.
75 S. HIHTA ; leaves linear, ciliated ; flowers terminal; bracteas
sessile, close to the calyx, ciliated ; corolla cylindrical ; style
exserted ; anthers awned. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica hirta, Andr. heath. 3. t. 5. Lodd. bot. cab. 1116.
but not of Thunb. nor Willd. Corolla reddish-purple, with a
greenish-yellow mouth.
Hairy Syringodea. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
76 S. CRUE'NTA ; leaves linear, subulate, glabrous, spreading ;
flowers terminal, by threes ; bracteas remote from the calyx ;
calyx serrated; corolla 9-12 lines long, shining, smooth, with a
clavate, more or less compressed, curved tube ; style exserted ;
pericarp ovate. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica cruenta, PI. kew. t. 13. Lodd. bot. cab. 1656. Erica
mellirlua, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 354. Corolla reddish-purple
or blood-coloured.
Var. ft ; calyx slightly serrated ; corolla deep red or scarlet.
Tj . G. Erica cruenta, Andr. heath. 1. t. 9. Sol. in Ait. hort.
kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 16. Wendl. eric. 4. p. 11. with a
figure.
824
ERICACEAE. XV. SYRINGODEA.
Bloody-Rowered. Syringodea. Fl. Year. Clt. 1774. Shrub.
77 S. VIRIDIFLORA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, or alternate, cili-
ated ; flowers terminal, drooping ; bracteas imbricate ; corolla
with a cylindrical clavate tube ; style exserted ; anthers a little
exserted, subaristate. fy . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica hirta, var. viridiflora, Andr. heath. 3. t. 7. Lodd.
bot. cab. 917. Flowers deep green.
Green-flowered Syringodea. Fl. July, May. Clt. 1810.
Shrub.
78 S. SPECIO^SA ; leaves linear, downy, spreading ; flowers
terminal, by threes ; bracteas close to the calyx ; calycine seg-
ments broad, short, imbricate, with woolly edges ; corolla with a
cylindrical, indexed, curved tube, and an erect limb ; style ex-
serted, incurved at top ; anthers awned, about the length of the
corolla, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
speciosa, Andr. heath. 2. t. 2. Lodd. bot. cab. 575. Ait.
hort. kew. 2. p. 369. Corollas dark red or reddish-purple,
with a greenish-yellow mouth.
Specious Syringodea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
79 S.? DICKENSONII; leaves glabrous; flowers terminating the
small branches ; bracteas imbricate, angular ; corolla with a bell-
shaped tube, and large spreading segments ; anthers a little
exserted, crested ; style exserted. Jj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica Dickens6nia, Bedf. eric. wob. p. 8.
Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1816. Flowers yellow.
Var. ft, alba ; flowers white.
Var. y, rubra ; flowers red.
Dickenson's Syringodea. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1809. Shrub.
* * Leaves 4 in a whorl.
80 S. MUTA'BILIS ; leaves linear, ciliated, spreading, 3-4 in a
whorl, the 3 terminal hairs the longest ; flowers terminal, um-
bellate ; pedicels downy ; bracteas 3, 2 near the calyx, and the
third remote from it ; calycine segments ciliated, with glan-
dular hairs ; corolla cylindrical, inflated ; filaments awned ; an-
thers a little exserted ; style exserted. Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica mutabilis, Andr. heath. 3. t. 31.
Sims, bot. mag. 2348. Lodd. bot. cab. 46. Corolla purplish-
red, deeper towards the top. The hairs or down on the plant
are tipped with black glands in the young state.
Changeable-fiowered Syringodea. Fl. Year. Clt. 1798.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
81 S. CUSPIDI'GERA ; leaves linear, pedicels glabrous ; calycine
segments ovate, cuspidate; flowers terminal; corolla 11-12
lines long, downy, having the interstices of the limb lanceolate
at the base ; anthers hairy, awned ; filaments rather villous.
Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica cuspidi-
gera, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 358.
Point-bearing Syringodea. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1796.
Shrub.
82 S. DE'NSA ; leaves 4-5 in a whorl, linear, somewhat imbri-
cated, spreading ; flowers axillary, crowded, nearly sessile ;
bracteas close to the calyx ; calyx adpressed ; corolla with an
oblong-cylindrical tube, and a short spreading limb ; anthers
awned ; style a little exserted. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica densa, Andr. heath. 3. t. 30. Corolla pale
red, with a deep spreading border, like a Callista, of which it
mav probably be a species.
.Dense-flowered Syringodea. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1810.
Shrub.
83 S. NA'NA ; stem trailing ; leaves linear, spreading, obtuse ;
flowers terminal; bracteas close to the calyx, imbricated, ciliated;
corolla 9-1 1 lines long, downy outside, with a clavate compressed
tube; style exserted ; awns of anthers long, fj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica nana, Sal. in Lin. trans.
355. Erica depressa, Andr. heath. 2. t. 12. but not of Thunb.
nor Willd. Corollas yellow-green.
Dwarf Syringodea. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt.? Shrub trailing.
84 S. osTRiNA ; leaves 4-5 in a whorl, glabrous ; flower*
terminal ; corolla cylindrical, curved, widened to the throat,
f; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica ostrina,
Lodd. bot. cab. 1218. Corolla purplish-red.
Purple-dowered Syringodea. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1820.
Shrub.
85 S. HY'BRIDA ; leaves linear, glabrous, flowers terminal ;
bracteas close to the calyx; corolla glabrous, with a cylindrical,
slightly curved tube ; style exserted ; anthers aristate. Ij . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica hybrida, Hort.
Flowers purplish-red. Nearly allied to S. cylindrica.
Hybrid Syringodea. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? Shrub.
86 S. N!TENS ; leaves hairy, flowers terminal ; pedicels tri-
bracteate, 2 of the bracteas near the calyx, and the third re-
mote ; calyx coloured, hairy ; corolla with a curved subclavate
tube ; genitals aristate, a little exserted. ^ • G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica nitens, Hortul. Bedf. eric. wob.
p. 16. Corolla purplish-red, with a green top.
Shining Syringodea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. ? Shrub.
87 S. SANGUINEA ; leaves linear, glabrous ; flowers nearly
terminal, crowded, verticillate ; calyxes broad; bracteas remote
from the calyx ; corolla cylindrical ; anthers a little exserted,
subaristate ; style exserted. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica sanguinea, Lodd. bot. cab. 86. Flowers
deep red.
Bloody-fiowered Syringodea. Fl. Year. Clt. 1815. Shrub.
88 S. VIRE'SCENS ; leaves linear, incurvedly erect, hairy ;
flowers terminal, sessile ; bracteas close to the calyx ; corolla
clammy ; style exserted, incurved. Tj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica virescens, Lodd. bot. cab. 233. Corolla
greenish-yellow. Anthers awned.
Greenish-fiowered Syringodea. Fl. May. Clt. 1804. Shrub.
89 S. AMBIGUA ; leaves linear, rather hairy, spreading ;
flowers terminal, usually solitary ; bracteas close to the calyx ;
calycine segments subulate, adpressed ; corolla striated, gla-
brous, with a cylindrical tube and short reflexed limb ; style a
little exserted ; anthers awned. fj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica ambigua, Wendl. eric. fasc. 16. p. 61.
with a figure. Erica cylindrica, Andr. heath. 2. t. 30. Lodd.
bot. cab. 1734. Corolla reddish-purple.
Ambiguous Syringodea. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
90 S. BUCCINJEFORMIS ; leaves linear, downy ; flowers termi-
nal; pedicels downy; corolla 9-10 lines long, downy, with a
recurvedly spreading limb ; filaments downy ; anthers awned.
Fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica buccinae-
formis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 359. Erica tubiflora, Thunb.
diss. no. 31. Flowers reddish-purple.
Trumpet-formed flowered Syringodea. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1818. Shrub.
91 S. CLAV-EFIORA ; leaves linear, glabrous, spreading;
flowers axillary, nearly sessile, spicate ; bracteas imbricate ;
calyx fleshy, with orbicularly spatulate entire segments ; co-
rolla downy, 10-12 lines long, clavate ; style exserted ; anthers
awned. \ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
clavacflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 365. Erica sessiliflora,
Andr. heath. 2. t. 10. Corollas greenish-yellow.
Club -flowered Syringodea. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1799.
Shrub.
92 S. EPISTOMIA; leaves glabrous; flowers terminal ; bracteas
remote and close to the calyx ; calyx green, large, inflated ;
corolla with an oblong inflated tube ; genitals inclosed, aristate.
I? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica epistomia,
ERICACEAE. XV. SYRINGODEA.
825
Nois. Bedf. eric. wob. p. 9. pi. 4. f. 7. Lodd. hot. cab. 1186.
Flowers yellow-green.
Spout- flowered Syringodea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1810.
Shrub.
93 S. SACCIFLORA ; leaves linear, flowers terminal ; calycine
segments broad, ovate, acuminated ; corolla 6-8 lines long, gla-
brous, with a cylindrical tube ; awns of anthers long ; anthers
linear, papillose, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica sacciflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 355.
Sack-flowered Syringodea. Fl. March, June. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
94 S. PATERSONII ; leaves dense, linear, straight, spreading,
glabrous ; flowers crowded, axillary ; bracteas close to the
calyx ; calycine segments ciliated at the base, and cuspidate at
the apex ; corolla 6-8 lines long, glabrous, with a cylindrical tube
and a short reflexed limb ; style exserted ; awns of anthers
long, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
Patersonia, Andr. heath. 1. t. 10. Wendl. eric. fasc. 1. p. 16.
with a figure. Erica Patersonii, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 379.
Lodd. bot. cab. 1729. Erica abietina, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 506.
diss. no. 20. Erica spissifolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 355.
Flowers yellow.
Var. /3, monstrbsa (Bedf. eric. wob. p. 17.) corolla larger.
Var. y, Major (Andr. heath. 3. t. 10.) calyx slightly toothed.
Paterson's Syringodea. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1791. Shrub.
95 S. VELITA'RIS ; leaves linear ; flowers terminal ; corolla 2^
to 3 lines long, downy, with an obovate tube and a recurvedly
spreading limb ; crests of anthers long, cuneated, and a little
serrated. \i . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
velitaris, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 357.
.Azve/m-flowered Syringodea. Fl. Jan. June. Clt. 1790.
Shrub.
96 S. OI'LVA ; leaves linear, triquetrous, stiff, glabrous ;
spreading ; flowers axillary, verticillate, pendulous, crowded ;
pedicels glabrous ; bracteas lanceolate, close to the calyx,
ribbed ; calycine segments lanceolate ; corolla downy, 7-9 lines
long, with a cylindrical inflated tube, 4-angled at the base ; geni-
tals inclosed ; anthers awned. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica gilva, Wendl. eric, with a figure. Erica
gelida, Andr. heath. 2. t. 11. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 370. Lodd.
bot. cab. 699. Erica alveiflora, Sal. in. Lin. trans. 6. p. 366.
Flowers green. Leaves 4-6 in a whorl.
Var. ft, albens (Bedf. eric. wob. p. 11.) corolla with a white
base and a green top.
Var. y, gilva (Wendl. eric. fasc. 12. p. 13. with a figure);
bracteas remote from the calyx; flowers disposed in a verticillate
crown, greenish-yellow. Leaves 4-5 in a whorl.
Iron-grey- flowered Syringodea. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1790.
Shrub.
97 S. MAMMOSA ; leaves linear, subulate, glabrous, erect,
spreading ; flowers drooping, axillary, crowded, verticillate,
near the tops of the branches ; bracteas linear, remote from the
calyx; calyx coloured; pedicels downy; corolla downy, 8-10
lines long ; with a cylindrical inflated tube, having 4 pits near
the base ; genitals inclosed ; anthers awned. T? . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica mammosa, Lin. mant. 234. diss.
21. Andr. heath. 1. t. 8. Lodd. bot. cab. 125. Erica mam-
mosa, /3,'Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 366. Erica abietina, Thunb.
diss. no. 68. Schnev. pi. no. 23. with a figure. Berg. pi. cap.
105.— Buxb. cent. 4. p. 25. t. 41-42. Corollas pale purplish-
red, or dark pink.
Var. ft, minor (Andr. heath. 3. t. 9.) corolla more slender,
purplish-red.
Var. y,pdllida (Lodd. bot. cab. 951.) flowers paler.
Mammose. Syringodea. Fl. July, Oct. Ctl. 1769. Shrub.
98 S. TU'MIDA ; leaves linear, obtuse, hairy, reflexed ; flowers
VOL. III.
terminal, usually by fours ; pedicels tribracteate, 2 of the brac-
teas close to the calyx, and the third remote ; corolla downy,
with an oblong-cylindrical tube ; calyx spreading ; style some-
what exserted ; anthers awned. fj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica tumida, Ker. bot. reg. t. 65. Erica splen-
dens, Andr. heath, vol. 4. with a figure. Erica splendida, Hort.
Loud. hort. brit. p. 146. Flowers red.
^mid-flowered Syringodea. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1812.
Shrub.
99 S. BOWIEA'NA ; leaves linear, glaucous, glabrous ; brac-
teas remote from the calyx ; flowers crowded, axillary, verticil-
late, near the tops of the branches, pendulous; corolla cylindri-
cal, with an inflated tube, and contracted mouth ; genitals in-
closed; anthers awned. Tj , G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica Bowieana, Lodd. bot. cab. 842. Erica Bowia, Bedf. eric,
wob. p. 4. Erica Baurea, Andr. heath, vol. 4. with a figure.
Flowers white. — Habit of S. mammbsa, and S. verticillala, &c.
Bowie's Syringodea. Fl. Year. Clt. 1822. Shrub.
* * * Leaves 5-6 to 8 in a whorl.
100 S. CERVICIFLORA ; leaves 5-6 in a whorl, linear; flowers
axillary, crowded ; corolla 5-6 lines long, downy, with a very
narrow urceolate tube and a spreading limb ; filaments minutely
spurred. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
cerviciflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 362. Erica inaperta,
Hort. Pedicels tribracteate.
Neck-flowered Syringodea. Fl. March, July. Clt. 1810.
Shrub.
101 S. PATERSONIO!DES ; leaves linear, glabrous, 5-6 in a
whorl ; flowers crowded, verticillate ; bracteas close to the
calyx, toothed ; corolla with a cylindrical, clavate, curved tube ;
style exserted ; anthers aristate. lj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica patersonioides, Bedf. eric. wob. p. 18.
Erica Patersonia coccinea, Andr. heath. 3. t. 11. Corolla deep
reddish-orange or scarlet.
Patersonia- like Syringodea. Fl. April. May. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
102 S. CARINA'TA ; leaves 5 in a whorl, reflexed, woolly ;
flowers terminal ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; corolla with
a cylindrical, inflated, ribbed tube ; crests of anthers plumose ;
style a little exserted. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica carinata, Lodd. bott. cab. 1071. Corollas red-
dish-purple.
Aee/erf-leaved Syringodea. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1820. Shrub.
103 S. FOLIOS A. We know nothing further about this spe-
cies, fy . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica folidsa,
or foliacea, Andr. heath, vol. 4. with a figure. Flowers of an
orange-yellow colour.
Leafy Syringodea. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
104 S. SPICAVTA ; leaves linear, subulate, hispid, spreadingly
reflexed, 6 in a whorl ; pedicels very short ; bracteas sessile ;
flowers axillary, crowded, verticillately spicate, drooping ; caly-
cine segments callous, spatulate, entire ; corolla dewy, 7-9 lines
long, cylindrical ; genitals inclosed ; anthers awned. Fj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica spicata, Thunb. diss.
no. 71. with a figure. Wendl. eric. fasc. 2. p. 27. with a figure.
Erica sessiliflora, Lin. suppl. 222. Erica favosa, Sal. in Lin.
trans 6. p. 865. Corolla yellowish-green.
Var. ft ; corolla 5-7 lines long, having the segments contigu-
ous at the base. Tj . G. Erica spicata, Andr. heath. 1. t. 11.
Lodd. bot. cab. 1203. Flowers greenish-yellow.
S/nAe-flowered Syringodea. FJ. Year. Clt. 1789. Shrub.
105 S. FASCICULA'RIS ; leaves 8 in a whorl, narrow-linear,
obtuse, glandularly ciliated, spreading, a little recurved ; brac-
teas remote from the calyx ; flowers crowded, axillary, verticil-
late, near the tops of the branches, horizontal ; corolla 1 3 lines
5N
82G
ERICACEAE. XVI. DASYANTHES. XVII. ECTASIS.
long, viscid, with a cylindrical clavate tube and an erect limb ;
pedicels and bracteas glandular ; style a little exserted ; awns of
anthers subulate. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica fascicularis, Lin. suppl. 219. PI. kew. t. 6. Erica coro-
nata, Andr. 1. t. 12. Bedf. eric. wob. pi. 11. f. 17. Erica oc-
tophylla, Thunb. diss. no. 72. with a figure, Willd. spec. 2. p.
372. Erica radiiflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 360. Corollas
reddish-purple, with a green apex.
Fasciclcd-ftovfered Syringodea. Fl. Feb. June. Clt. 1787.
Shrub.
106 S. SCEPTRIFORMIS ; leaves 8 in a whorl; stem straight;
pedicels very short, axillary, crowded; calyx callous, with broad,
spatulate, deeply serrated segments; corolla 7-10 lines long,
downy. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
sceptriformis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 365. Erica enneaphylla,
Roxb. mss.
Sceptre-formed flowered Syringodea. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt.
1790. Shrub.
107 S. ? DOLIIFORMIS ; leaves hairy, linear, 6 in a whorl;
bracteas close to the calyx ; flowers terminal ; corolla 4-5 lines
long, viscid, with an urceolar tube ; awns of anthers short, cune-
ated. Tj • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
doliiformis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 368. Erica mammosa,
Thunb. diss. no. 69. with a figure.
Tun-formed-fiowered Syringodea. Fl. May, Sept. Clt.
1798. Shrub.
•f- Species hardly known,
108 S. HIRSU TA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, hairy, hoary, linear ;
flowers axillary, crowded, verticillate ; anthers awned ?. Jj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica hirsuta, Lodd.
bot. cab. 754. Corolla with a red base and white apex.
Hairy Syringodea. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
109 S. RU'BIDA ; leaves linear, 4 in a whorl, glabrous ;
flowers terminal and axillary ; bracteas distant from the calyx ;
corolla tubular, drooping ; anthers ?. Jj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica rubida, Lodd. bot. cab. 1166.
Pedicels and calyxes red. Corollas white.
Reddish-calyxed Syringodea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1826.
Shrub.
110 S. EXPO'SITA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, hairy; calyx, brac-
teas, and pedicels, clothed with glandular hairs ; flowers termi-
nal, by threes or fours ; corolla cylindrical. Jj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica exposita, Lodd. bot. cab. 1521.
Flowers red.
Exposed Syringodea. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1812. Shrub.
111 S. ELONGA'TA; leaves hoary, linear, 4 in a whorl ; flowers
terminal ; corolla hairy at top. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica elongata, Lodd. bot. cab. 738. Flowers white.
Elongated Syringodea. Fl. Feb. Nov. Clt. 1810. Shrub.
112 S. ROLLINSONII ; leaves 4 in a whorl?; flowers nearly
terminal, verticillate ; corolla with a straight cylindrical tube.
T?. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Rol-
linsonii, Hortul. Bedf. eric, wob. p. 21. Flowers purplish-red.
Rollinson'i ; Syringodea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub.
Cult. See Erica, p. 800, for culture and propagation.
XVI. DASYA'NTHES (from 3a<r«<r, dasys, hairy, and
anthos, a flower ; in reference to the corolla, which is hairy).
D. Don, inedinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 156. — Erica species of Lin.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, bibrac-
teate at the base. Corolla tubular, hispid, with an erect 4-lobed
limb. Stamens inclosed ; filaments capillary ; anthers bipar-
tite ; cells of anthers mutic at the base, dehiscing longitudinally.
Stigma large, peltate. Capsule 4-celled, many-seeded. — An
erect shrub, native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves loosely
imbricate, hispid from bristles, with revolute margins. Flowers
terminal, fascicled, yellow.
1 D. SPARMA'NNI (D, Don, 1. c.). Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica Sparmanni, Lin. suppl. 219. in act.
holm. 1778. p. 24. t. 2. Thunb. diss. no. 33. Erica aspera,
Andr. heath, vol. 3. t. 55. Erica hystriciflora, Sal. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 367. Erica horrida, Hortul. Leaves 4 in a whorl.
Flowers drooping, by threes.
Sparmann's Dasyanthes. Fl. Sept. Feb. Clt. 1794. Shrub, 1 ft.
Cult.' For culture and propagation see Erica, p. 800.
XVII. ECTA'SIS (from ticra<ric, ectasis, extension ; from the
stamens being much exserted). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ.
17. p. 156. Erica species of authors.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-leaved, gluma-
ceous. Corolla tubular, rather ventricose at the base, with a 4-
toothed limb. Stamens much exserted ; filaments dilated ; an-
thers bipartite ; cells of anthers elongated, tubular, dehiscing by
a longitudinal fissure, continuous, with the base of the filaments
mutic. Stigma clavate, truncate. Capsule 4-celled, many-
seeded. Seeds ovate, compressed, smooth, shining — Much-
branched shrubs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves
loosely imbricated, with revolute edges, flat above, 3 or 4 in a
whorl, but mostly the latter number. Flowers terminal, solitary
or numerous.
§1. Flowers lateral. Calyx bractless. Normal species.
1 E. PETIVE'RII (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves spreadingly recurved,
ciliated ; flowers solitary ; corollas cylindrical ; fruit ovate. Tj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Petiverii, Lin.
mant. 232. diss. no. 50. Lodd. bot. cab. 1426. Erica Peti-
veriana, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 361. Erica baculiflora, Sal. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 346. Corollas yellow.
Var. /3 ; corollas of a dirty rufous colour. Tj . G. Erica
Petiverii, Thunb. diss. 21.
Var. y, hirsuta (Andr. heath. 2. t, 72.) leaves hairy ; corollas
deep red.
Petiver's Ectasis. Fl. March, July. Clt. 1774. Shrub.
2 E. PLUKNE'TII (D. Don, 1. c.) bracteas cuneated, remote
from the calyx ; corolla ovate, pyramidal or conical, smooth.
Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Pluknetii,
Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 356. Erica fusiformis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6.
p. 345. Corolla scarlet, 6-7 lines long, leaves linear, spreading.
Var. /3 ; calyx 2g to 3 lines long ; corolla purple, with orange-
coloured anthers, 6-7 lines long. lj . G. Erica Pluknetiana,
PI. kew. t. 9. Erica Pluknetii. Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 506. exclu-
sive of the synonymes. Erica Pluknetii nana, Andr. heath. 1.
t. 67. Erica Pluknetii pinea, Wendl. eric. 1 . p. 9. with a figure.
Far. y ; calyx 1 line long ; corolla white, 3 to 3-^ lines long.
>j . G. Erica Petiverii /3, Thunb. diss. no. 21.
Var. I ; calyx 2^ lines long ; corolla white, 3 to 3-J- lines long.
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 346.
Var. e ; calyx 5 lines long ; corolla white, 5-8 lines long.
1? . G. Sal. 1. c. This is said to be the most showy variety.
Var. £, penicellata (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 361.) corolla red-
dish purple, with orange-red anthers. lj . G. Erica penicel-
lata, Andr. heath. 2. t. 69. Lodd. bot. cab. 1918. Erica Pluk-
netia interrupta, Wendl. eric. 2. p. 21. with a figure.
Pluknet's Ectasis. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1774. Shrub.
3 E. BRUNIA'DES ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear-oblong, erect,
short, villously tomentose ; flowers terminal, subumbellate,
drooping ; bracteas remote from the calyx, 4-leaved ; corolla
campanulate, much longer than the calyx, which is very villous
and silky ; nectarium astraguliform, silky. Tj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica bruniades, Lin. mant. p. 378.
diss. no. 52. with a figure of the flower. Wendl. eric. 16. p. 53.
with a figure. Lodd. bot. cab. 13C5. Erica carbasina, Sal. in
ERICACEAE. XVII. ECTASIS. XVIII. ERIODESMIA.
827
Lin. trans. 6. p. 333. Corolla Inline long, white or pale red,
also yellow.
Brunia-likeEctasis. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1790. Shrub 1£ ft.
4 E. VALLER-SFLORA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, downy or
hairy, spreading, rather remote ; flowers terminal, by threes ;
bracteas remote, quadrifid ; corollas globose, urceolar, a little
longer than the calyx, which is large, and densely clothed with
silky hairs ; nectarium cotyliform, glabrous. >j . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica valleraeflora, Sal. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 333. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 365. Erica bruniades,
Andr. heath. 1. t. 37. Erica villosa, Pluk. mant. 69. t. 347. f.
9. Wendl. eric. fasc. 16. p. 65. with a figure. Erica capitata,
Thunb. eric. no. 15. Calyx and corolla pale red. Anthers
black. Corolla 1 J line long.
Woolly-flowered Ectasis. Fl. Feb. July. Clt. 1774. Shrub l£ft.
§ 2. Flowers terminal. Calyx imbricated by numerous scales
at the base. Aberrant species.
5 E. BANKSIA' NA (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves mucronate ; corolla
cylindrical, with a reflexed limb ; pericarp bearded. ^ • G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Banksia, Andr. 'heath.
1. t. 66. Erica Banksii, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 361. Erica fra-
gilis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 346. Corolla greenish-yellow, with
brown anthers.
Var. ft, alba ; flowers white.
Sir Joseph Banks's Ectasis. Fl. Feb. July. Clt. 1787. Shrub.
6 E. VESTIFUJ'A ; leaves incurvedly spreading, pilose while
young ; flowers solitary, terminal ; corolla with a cylindrical
tube, 7-9 lines long. Jj . G. Erica vestiflua, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6.
p. 346. Erica Petiviriana, Roxb. mss. Corolla rufous.
Flowing-vested Ectasis. Fl. March, June. Clt. 1795. Sh.
7 E. SEBA'NA (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves recurvedly spreading ;
tube of corolla cylindrical, incurved, ventricose at the base ;
pericarp oval ; calyx and bracteas glabrous. Tj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Sebana, PI. kew. t. 10. Erica
coccinea, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 505. Erica cothurnalis, Sal. in
Lin. trans. 6. p. 347. Erica Sebana aurantia, Andr. heath, vol.
1. Erica Africana, &c. Seb. thes. 1. p. 32. t. 21. f. 4. Flowers
by threes. Corolla pale brown.
Var. ft ; bracteas and calyx downy. Tj . G. Erica Pluk-
netii, Berg. pi. cap. p. 92. Corollas pale brown.
Far. y, rubra ; flowers reddish-orange at top, and reddish-
purple at the base ; anthers orange-yellow.
Far. S, atrorubens ; flowers reddish-purple. J? . G.
Seba's Ectasis. Fl. April, Nov. Clt. 1774. Shrub.
8 E. SOCCIFLORA ; leaves recurvedly spreading ; corolla coni-
cal ; flowers by threes ; fruit ovate. ^ . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica socciflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p.
347. Bedf. eric. wob. pi. 4. f. 8. Erica Sebana viridis, Andr.
heath, l.icon. Corolla greenish-yellow ; anthers orange-yellow.
Pump-flowered Ectasis. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1799. Sh.
9 E.FURFUROSA; leaves incurvedly spreading, downy ; flowers
by threes ; corolla viscid, cylindrical ; filaments very broad ; nec-
tarium cotyliform. Pj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica furfurosa, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 348. Erica mona-
delpha, Andr. heath. 1. t. 65. Sims, bot. mag. 1370. Corolla
white, with a red border, and orange-yellow anthers.
Scurfy Ectasis. Fl. Aug. Dec. Clt. 1789. Shrub.
10 E. MONADE'LPHA ; corolla with a cylindrical tube, and re-
flexed segments ; filaments very broad. Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica monadelpha, Bedf. eric. wob. p.
15. pi. 2. f. 12. Erica Banksia purpurea, Andr. heath. 3. t. 37.
Corolla greenish-white or yellow, with a purple border, and yel-
low anthers. — Perhaps the same as the preceding.
Monadelphous Ectasis. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
11 E. FOLLICULA'RIS ; leaves spreading ; flowers solitary,
spike-like ; corollas conical. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica follicularis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 348.
Erica Petiveriana, Andr. heath. 2. t. 71. Wendl. eric. 14. p. 23.
Corolla yellow-green or orange-red, 5-7 lines long, with brown
anthers. Nectarium quadrangular.
Follicular Ectasis. Fl. Feb. July. Clt. 1794. Shrub.
12 E. MELASTOMA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, stiff, secund ; flowers
terminal, solitary ; corolla cone-shaped. Jj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica melastoma, Andr. heath. 1. icon.
Wendl. eric. 14. p. 23. with a figure. Lodd. bot. cab. 333.
Erica follicularis ft, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 348. Corolla with
a greenish-yellow tube, a dark brown mouth, and orange an-
thers.
Black-mouthed Ectasis. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1795. Shrub.
13 E. PICTA ; leaves 4 in a whorl; corolla cylindrical, in-
curved. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
picta, Nois. mss. Bedf. hort. eric. wob. p. 19. Corolla with an
orange-yellow tube, and orange anthers.
Painted Ectasis. Fl. Oct. July. Clt. 1820. Shrub.
14 E. PENICILLIFLORA ; leaves ciliated, erect; flowers by
threes ; corolla 2 lines long, covered by the calyx, with a spheri-
cal tube ; anthers converging into a pencil-form. Jj . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica penicilliflora, Sal. in
Lin. trans. 6. p. 348. Erica Petiverii vera, Hortul. Erica
calyculata, Wendl. eric. 4. p. 5. with a figure. Bracteas and
calyxes white. An elegant species.
Pencil -jlorvered Ectasis. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1792. Shrub.
15 E. PLACENTEFLORA ; leaves very obtuse; corolla covered
by the calyx, with a turnip-formed tube ; filaments gradually
dilated ; stigma narrow. (5 . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica placentaeflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 348. Herb
pale, hoary.
Placenta-flowered Ectasis. Shrub.
1 6 E. PUDIBU'NDA ; leaves 3-4 in a whorl, rather viscid ;
flowers terminal, by threes ; calyxes ciliated ; corolla conical,
viscid. lj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
pudibunda, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 345. Erica nutans, Wendl.
eric. fasc. 3. p. 5. with a figure. Corolla 2 lines long ; anthers
broad, hairy. Fruit turbinate, hairy. Flowers pale red. ?
Blush Ectasis. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1810. Shrub.
1 7 E. FILIFORMIS ; leaves 3 in a whorl, remote, narrow, re-
curved, clothed with viscid pubescence; calyx bracteate ; corolla
1 line long, glabrous, with a recurved tube ; filaments broad at
the top ; stigma narrow ; fruit smooth. Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica filiformis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 345.
Filiform Ectasis. Shrub.
18 E. STELLA'RIS ; hoary; leaves 4-5 in a whorl, linear,
spreading, a little incurved, ciliated ; flowers almost sessile,
terminal, capitate ; bracteas near the calyx ; calycine segments
linear, ciliated. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
stellaris, Nois. Lodd. bot. cab. 893. Erica stellata, Bedf. eric,
wob. p. 24. Flowers white tinged with red. Stamens brown.
Corolla urceolate.
Starry Ectasis. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1810. Shrub.
19 E. DEMISSA; leaves linear, 3 in a whorl; flowers termi-
nal ; bracteas imbricate ; corolla cone-shaped. T? . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica demissa, Hort. Bedf. eric,
wob. p. 8. Flowers greenish-yellow.
Low Ectasis. Fl. Spring. Clt. 1818. Shrub.
20 E. ? TU'RGIDA ; leaves 3 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ;
pedicels very short ; corolla hairy, ]% line long, with a bulged
tube ; spurs of anthers cuneated ; anthers very short. T? . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica turgida, Sal, in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 343. Erica fusco-rubens, Roxb. mss. Flowers
brownish-red.
Turgid-flowered Ectasis. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Erica, p. 800.
5 N2
828 ERICACE.E. XIX. OCTOPERA. XX. EREMIA. XXI. SALAXIS. XXII. CALLUNA. XXIII. ANDROMEDA.
XVIII. ERIODE'SMIA (from ipiov, erion, wool, and
desme, a fascicle ; the flowers resemble a fascicle of wool). D.
Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 158. Erica capitata, Lin. &c.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria Monogy'nia. Calyx large, 4-parted,
bibracteate at the base. Corolla campanulate ; limb 4-lobed,
revolute. Stamens exserted ; filaments dilated, flat ; anthers
bifid, obtuse, scabrous from papillae; cells of anthers dehiscing
by an oblong pore, having the base continuous with the fila-
ments. Stigma capitate. Capsule 4-celled, many-seeded.
Seeds angular, shining. — An erect branched shrub. Leaves 3
in a whorl, obtuse, very hairy. Flowers terminal, solitary or
by threes, forming a very hairy head.
1 E. CAPITA'TA (D. Don, 1. c.). fy . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica capitata, Lin. diss. no. 36. mant. 373.
Berg. pi. cap. 94. Andr. heath. 1. t. 38. Wendl. eric. no. 3. p.
3. with a figure. — Seb. thes. 1. p. 30. t. 20. f. 1. Erica by ssina,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 383. Calyx very hairy, greenish-yellow.
Bracteas imbricate. Corolla white, and very little longer than
the calyx.
Capitate-flowered Eriodesmia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774.
Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Erica, p. 800.
XIX. OCTOPE'RA (from oKrw, octo, eight, and irrjpa, pera,
a sack ; in reference to the 8-celled capsule). D. Don, in edinb.
phil. journ. 17. p. 156. — Erica Bergiana, Lin.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, re-
flexed, naked at the base. Corolla globose, with a contracted
bluntly 4-lobed mouth. Stamens inclosed ; filaments flat ; cells
of anthers very short, dehiscing by a large foramen, furnished
with a lanceolate acuminated crested appendage at the base.
Stigma peltate. Capsule 8-celled, many-seeded. — A procum-
bent downy shrub, native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves
broad, 4 in a whorl. Flowers terminal, umbellate ; pedicels scaly.
1 O. BERGIAVNA (D. Don, 1. c.). ^ . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica Bergiana, Lin. mant. p. 235. diss. no. 6.
Schnev. pi. no. 46. with a figure. Erica quadriflora, Willd.
spec. 2. p. 379. Andr. heath. 2. t. 20. Erica lacunaeflora, Sal.
in Lin. trans. 6. p. 377. Erica nitens, Lee. Flowers purplish-
red.
Bergius's Octopera. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1787. Shrub
procumbent.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Erica, p. 800.
XX. EREVMIA (from tpjjjuoe, eremos, solitary ; from the
seeds being solitary in the cells). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ.
17. p. 156.— Erica Totta, Thunb.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, imbri-
cated by bracteas at the base ; segments broadly orbicular, cili-
ated, coriaceous. Corolla urceolar, with a small 4-lobed limb.
Stamens inclosed ; filaments capillary ; anthers bipartite ; cells
of anthers short, mutic at the base, opening by an oblong hole.
Stigma capitate. Capsule 4-celled; cells 1-seeded. Seeds
large, elliptic, ventricose. — A diffusely branched shrub, native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves spreading, hispid from bris-
tles. Flowers glomerate.
1 E. TOTTA (D. Don, 1. c.). fj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica T6tta, Thunb. diss. no. 17. Erica ferox,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 324.
Hottentot Eremia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Erica, p. 800.
XXI. SALAXIS (from salax, unchaste ; but the application
is not evident). Sal. MSS. spec. 2.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx irregular, 4-leaved.
Corolla campanulate, 4-cleft. Stigma peltate. Capsule drupa-
ceous, 3-celled, 3-seeded. — Shrubs, native of the Mauritius.
Leaves from 3 to 6 in a whorl, with revolute margins. Flowers
somewhat racemose at the tops of the branches.
1 S. ARBORE'SCENS .(Willd. ex. Spreng, syst. 2. p. 20.) leaves
3 in a whorl, nearly terete, adpressed ; pedicels downy. ^ • G.
Native of the Mauritius.
Arborescent Salaxis. Shrub.
2 S. MONTA'NA (Willd. 1. c.) leaves 3 in a whorl, adpressed,
tetragonal ; pedicels glabrous. ^ • G. Native of the Mau-
ritius.
Mountain Salaxis. Shrub.
3 S. AXILLA'RIS (Salisb.) leaves 3 in a whorl, glabrous ;
flowers racemose ; corollas globose ; branches tomentose. J? G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica axilaris, Th. diss,
no. 10.
Axillary flowery Salaxis. Shrub.
4 S. ABIET!NA (Willd. 1. c.) leaves generally 3 in a whorl,
linear, spreading. Jj . G. Native of the Mauritius.
Fir-like Salaxis. Shrub.
Cult. Turfy peat mixed with rough sand is the best soil for
the species of Salaxis ; and young cuttings of them strike root
readily in sand, under a bell-glass, in a little heat.
XXII. CALLtTNA (from raXXvyu, kalluno, to adorn ; beauty
of plant when in blossom). Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 317. Erica
vulgaris, Lin. and others.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, mem-
branous, coloured, furnished with 4 bracteas at the base. Co-
rolla campanulate, 4-lobed, shorter than the calyx. Stamens
inclosed ; filaments dilated ; anthers bipartite, biappendiculate
at the base ; cells of anthers mucronulate, dehiscing length-
wise. Stigma capitate. Capsule with a septicidal dehiscence.
Seeds ovoid, smooth. — A small spreading shrub, native of
Europe. Leaves trigonal, obtuse, very short, imbricating in
4 rows, having the margins revolute, and the base sagittate.
Flowers disposed in long terminal spicate racemes.
1 C. VULGA'RIS (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 317.). f? . H. Na-
tive throughout Europe ; plentiful in Britain. Erica vulgaris,
Lin. spec. p. 501. Smith's engl. bot. 1013.
Far. a, purpurea ; flowers purplish-red.
Far. /3, spuria ; flowers purplish-red ; spikes short ; branches
tufted.
Far. y, decumbens ; flowers purplish-red ; spikes short ;
branches decumbent.
Far. S, tomentbsa ; flowers purplish-red ; leaves and branches
woolly.
Far. t, alba ; flowers white, less crowded ; corolla shorter.
Far. {, flare plena ; flowers double, pale purplish-red.
Far. fi,foliis variegatis ; leaves variegated ; flowers purplish.
Far. 0, (ifncti ; leaves variegated with yellow.
Far. t, coccinea ; flowers deep red.
Far. K, spicdla ; spikes long ; flowers red, or white.
Common Heath or Ling Heather. Fl. July, Sept. Britain.
Shrub | to 3 feet.
Cult. The varieties of Calluna vulgaris are very ornamental
when planted in a border or clump, along with the dwarf
hardy species of Erica and their varieties, as Erica ciliaris,
E. tetralix, E. cinerea, and Gypsocdllis multiflbra, G. vagans,
&c. The border in which they are grown requires to be
composed of peat soil. All are increased by layers, or young
cuttings under a bell-glass.
SUBTRIBE II.
ANDROME'DE/E, (this Subtribe contains plants agreeing
with Andromeda in the Corolla being dead.) D. Don, in Edinb.
phil. journ. 17, p. 157. Corolla deciduous.
XXIII. ANDRO'MEDA (named from the daughter of Ce-
pheus, rescued from the sea-monster by Perseus). D. Don, in
ERICACEAE. XXIII. ANDROMEDA. XXIV. CASSIOPE.
829
phil. journ. 17, p. 157. Andromeda, species of Authors. Poli-
fblia, Buxbatim, cent. 5. p. 5. t. 55. f. 1.
LIN. SYST. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft ; segments
acute, simple at the base. Corolla globose, with a contracted
5-toothed mouth. Stamens 10, inclosed; filaments bearded;
cells of anthers short, furnished with one awn each. Stigma
truncate. Capsule with a loculicidal dehiscence ; placenta 5-
lobed : lobes simple. Seeds elliptic, compressed, shining, with
a lateral linear hylum — Shrubs, natives of Europe, Asia, and
North America. Leaves linear-lanceolate, mucronulate, with
the margins more or less revolute, quite entire, glaucous be-
neath, with an elevated rib, and reticulated veins ; petioles very
short, callous. Flowers terminal, umbellate, very beautiful,
reddish, or snow white, furnished with ovate, rather foliaceous,
imbricated bracteas, drooping.
1 A. POLIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 564.) leaves oblong, glaucous
beneath ; corollas ovate ; calycine segments ovate, spreading,
white, sometimes tipped with red. Ij . H. Native of the
northern countries of Europe, on turfy bogs ; as of Russia,
Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland, Germany, Britain, &c. ; North
America, in Canada and Labrador, Bay of St. Lawrence, &c.,
in bogs, and on the borders of mountain lakes ; New York,
and Pennsylvania. In Britain, in mossy bogs in the mountain-
ous parts of England and Ireland, and the lowlands of Scotland.
Lin. fl. lapp. 161. t. 1. f. 3. Oed. fl. dan. t. 54. Smith, engl.
bot. t. 713. Buxb. cent. 5. t. 55. f. 1. Pall. fl. ross. 1. t. 1.
Pluk. aim. 175. f. 1. Rhododendron polifolium, Scop. earn,
no. 482. Flowers flesh-coloured or pale red. The plant is
called Wild Rosemary, Poley-Mountain, Moorrvort, and Marsh
Holy Rose.
Var. o, latifolia (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 68.). ^ . H. Native
of North America. Broad leaved Marsh Andromeda, or Wild
Rosemary, L. Her. stirp. nov. 2. t. 11.
Var. ft, media ; leaves lanceolate ; corollas oblong — ovate,
red ; segments of the calyx more erect. ^ . H. Native of
Europe.
Var. y, subulata ; leaves subulate ; corollas pink. Tj . H.
Native of Britain. Subulate-leaved Wild Rosemary.
Var. S, minima; leaves linear ; corollas pink. jj . H. Na-
tive of Europe. Least Wild Rosemary.
Var. f, oleifolia ; leaves shaped like those of the olive ; co-
rollas pink. Olive-leaved Wild Rosemary.
Var. £, glaucophylla ; leaves lanceolate, glaucous beneath ;
flowers terminal, drooping. Tj . H. Native of Canada and
Labrador. An. polifolia, 0. latifolia, Lodd. bot. cab. 546.
Andr. glaucophylla, Link. Flowers pale red.
Polium-leaved Marsh Andromeda, or Wild Rosemary. Fl.
May, Sept. Britain. Shrub 1 foot.
2 A. ROSMARINIFOLIA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 291.)
leaves linear-lanceolate, convex, revolute, white beneath, and
canescent above ; corollas nearly globose ; calycine segments
oblong, red. Jj . H. Native of Newfoundland and Labrador.
A. polifolia, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 254. Pall. fl. ross. 2. p.
53. t. 70. f. B. Flowers white, tinged with red.
Rosemary-leaved Marsh Andromeda. Fl. June. Clt. ? Shrub
1 foot.
Cult. Peat is the best soil for the species and varieties of
Andromeda. They are easily increased by dividing at the root,
or by layers.
XXIV. CASSIO'PE (the wife of Cepheus, see Andromeda).
D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 157. Andromeda species of
Lin. and Pall.
LIN. SYST. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-leaved ; leaves
imbricated at the base. Corolla campanulate, (f. 136 6.), 5-cleft,
(f. 136 a.) Stamens 10, inclosed ; filaments glabrous; cells of
anthers short, tumid, furnished with one awn each, (f. 136g.)
Style dilated at the base, (f. 136, d.~); stigma obtuse. Capsule
with a loculicidal dehiscence; valves bifid at the apex. Placenta
5-lobed : lobes simple. Seeds oblong, compressed, shining. —
Small heath-like shrubs, natives of Asia and North America.
Leaves small, imbricated. Flowers solitary, pedunculate, rose-
coloured, lateral or terminal.
* Leaves flat.
FIG. 136.
1 C. HYPNOIDES (D.
Don. 1. c.) leaves loose,
acerose. fj . H. Native
of Lapland, Denmark, and
Siberia, on the mountains,
where it covers tracts of
land ; and on the north-
west coast of America.
Andromeda hypnoldes,
Lin. spec. 563. fl. lapp.
165. t. 1. f. 3. Oed. fl.
dan. t. 10. Pall. fl. ross.
p. 55. t. 73. f. 2. Hook,
bot. mag. t. 2936. — A
small creeping shrub, resembling a moss. Flowers small, with
a red calyx, and white corolla.
Hypnum-like Cassiope. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1798. Shrub
creeping.
2 C. LYCOPODIOIDES (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves ovate, adpressed,
imbricated in 4 rows. ^ . H. Native of Siberia and the Island
of St. Lawrence. Andromeda lycopodioides, Pall. fl. ross. p.
55. t. 73. f. 1. Flowers red. A small moss-like creeping
shrub.
Club-moss-like Cassiope. Shrub creeping.
* * Leaves imbricated in 4 rows, adjiressed, with revolute
margins, tumid, somewhat bilocular.
3 C. TETRAobNA (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves obtuse, mutic, mi-
nutely ciliated ; peduncles glabrous. Tj . H. Native of Lapland
and Siberia ; of North America, in Canada, Labrador, and the
north-west coast; Island of St. Lawrence, Kotzebue Sound.
Andromeda tetragona, Lin. spec. 563. fl. lapp. 166. t. 1. f. 4.
Pall. fl. ross. p. 50. t. 73. f. 4. Hook. bot. mag. t. 3181.
Flowers white.
Tetragonal-branched Cassiope. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1S10.
Shrub ^ foot.
4 C. MERTENSIA'NA ; leaves bluntish, glabrous ; pedicels
axillary, downy. Tj. H. Native of the Island of Sitcha.
Andromeda Mertensiana, Bongard, in mem. acad. petersb. 2.
p. 152. t. 5. Habit of C. tetragona.
Mertens's Cassandra. Shrub ^ foot.
5 C. ERICOIDES (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves awned, setosely ciliated ;
peduncles glabrous. ^ • H. Native of Dahuria and Kamts-
chatka. Andromeda ericoides, Pall. fl. ross. p. 56. t. 73. f. 3.
Flower. ?
Heath-like Cassiope. Shrub \ foot.
6 C. FASTIGIA'TA (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves elongated at top, with
scarious membranous margins ; peduncles woolly. Tj . H.
Native of Nepaul and Mongol. Andromeda fastigiata, Wall. pi.
rar. asiat. 3. t. 284. Andromeda cupressiformis, Wall. mss. ex
D. Don, in mem. wern. soc. 3. p. 411. prod. fl. nep. p. 150.
Flowers pale red.
Fastigiate Cassiope. Shrub procumbent.
7 C. REDO'WSKH ; leaves scale-formed, shining, smooth,
fringed, imbricating in 4 rows, making the branches appear ex-
actly tetragonal ; pedicels axillary, glabrous. Tj . H. Native
of the east of Siberia. Andromeda Redowskii, Cham, et
830
ERICACEAE. XXV. CASSANDRA. XXVI. ZENOBIA. XXVII. LYONIA.
Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 517. Shrub procumbent, much
branched. Flowers drooping. Calyx deeply 4-parted. Corolla
campanulate, quadrifid, with very blunt segments. Stamens 8,
very short ; anthers 2-celled, biaristate, the cells opening by a
pore at the apex. Capsule 4-valved ; valves septiferous at the
middle.
Redonski's Cassiope. Shrub procumbent.
Cult. All the species are delicate little shrubs : they grow
well in a peat border, or in pots well drained with sherds in the
same kind of soil ; and may be increased by layers.
XXV. CASSA'NDRA (a mythological name of the daughter
of Priamus and Hecuba). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ, July,
1834. Andromeda species, Lin. and others.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-leaved, bibrac-
teate at the base ; leaflets imbricated at the base. Corolla ob-
long, with a contracted 5-toothed mouth. Stamens 10, inclosed;
filaments glabrous, simple at the base ; cells of anthers elongated,
and tubular at the apex, mutic. Stigma annular, with a 5-
tubercled disk. Capsule with a loculicidal dehiscence. Pla-
centa 5-lobed : lobes simple. — An evergreen shrub, common in
North America, north of Europe, and the north of Asia.
Branchlets recurved, pubescent. Leaves on short petioles, el-
liptic-oblong, denticulated, coriaceous, veinless, lepidotted on
both surfaces by peltate scales, when young silvery beneath.
Flowers axillary, on short pedicels, drooping, snow white, dis-
posed in the manner of racemes at the tops of the branches.
1 C. CALYCULA'TA (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves elliptic- oblong,
bluntish, obsoletely serrulated, rusty beneath ; racemes recurved,
leafy ; bracteas of calyx broad, ovate, acuminated ; corollas
oblong-cylindrical. Tj . H. Native of North America, from
Canada to Virginia, in bogs and swamps, on the mountains. It
grows also in Sweden, Prussia, Siberia, &c. Andromeda caly-
culata, Lin. spec. 565. Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 53. t. 71. f. 1.
Lodd. bot. cab. 1464.
Far. a, ventricosa (Sims, bot. mag. 1286.).
Var. ft, latifdlla (Lodd. bot. cab. 530.).
Far. y, nana (Sims, bot. mag. 862. Lodd. bot. cab. 826.)
Calyculated - flowered Cassandra. Fl. April, May. Clt.
1748. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
2 C. ANGUSTIFOLIA ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, with sub-
undulated revolute edges, rusty beneath ; racemes recurved,
leafy ; bracteas of calyx minute ; corollas oblong-ovate. I? .
H. Native of Carolina and Georgia, in open swamps. Andro-
meda calyculata, ft, angustif61ia, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 70. An-
dromeda angustifolia, Pursh. fl. amer. septr. 1. p. 291. Andro-
meda crispa, Desf. and Link.
Narrow - leaved Cassandra. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1748.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Lyonia, p. 813.
XXVI. ZENO'BIA (a queen of Palmyrensi). D. Don, in
edin. phil. journ. July, 1834. Andromeda species, Michx.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla
campanulate; limb revolute, 5-lobed. Stamens 10; filaments
glabrous, dilated at the base ; cells of anthers elongated, tubu-
lar, biaristate at the apex. Stigma truncate. Capsule with a
loculicidal dehiscence. Placenta 5-lobed: lobes cuneated,
thick, a little arched. Seeds angular, with a lateral oblong hy-
lum. — Evergreen shrubs, natives of North America. Leaves
scattered, dilated, with the margins usually toothed. Flowers
racemose ; pedicels solitary or aggregate.
1 Z. 8PEci6sA (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves oval, obtuse, mucronate,
crenated, or serrated, veiny ; floriferous branches naked, race-
mose. Tj . H. Native of North Carolina, in swamps. A very
ornamental little shrub. Flowers large, white, drooping. An-
dromeda speciosa, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 256. Lodd. bot. cab.
551.
Far. a, nitida (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 294. under An-
dromeda) ; leaves oblong — ovate, serrated, green on both sur-
faces, fy . H. Andromeda cassinsefolia, Vent. malm. 79.
Flowers white.
Far. ft, pulverulenta (Pursh. 3. amer. sept. 1. p. 294. under
Andromeda) ; leaves roundish-ovate, remotely crenated, covered
with white powder, as well as the branches. (7 . H. Andr6-
meda pulverulenta, Bartr. itin. 476. Curt. bot. mag. 667.
Andromeda cassinsefblia, ft, Vent. hort. eels. 60. Andromeda
speciosa, var. y, glauca. Wats, dendr. brit. t. 26. Andromeda
dealbata, Lindl. bot. reg. 1010. Andromeda ovata, Scland.
mss. in herb. Bankes. Flowers white.
Showy Zenobia. Fl. June. Clt. 1800. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. See Lyonia, p. 831. for culture and propagation.
XXXVII. LY O'NIA (in memory of John Lyon, an indefatigable
collector of North American plants, who fell a victim to a dan-
gerous epidemic amidst those savage and romantic mountains,
which had so often been the theatre of his labours). Nutt. gen.
amer. 1. p. 268. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 158.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla
ovate or tubular, with a 5-toothed contracted mouth. Stamens
inclosed ; filaments flattened, dilated, very short, downy ; cells
of anthers membranous, dehiscing lengthwise, altogether mutic.
Style robust, pentagonal, fusiform, thickened at bottom ; stigma
simple, truncate. Capsule pentagonal, 5-celled, with a loculici-
dal dehiscence ; margins of valves closed by 5 other external
narrow valves. Seeds acicular, imbricated. — Shrubs, natives
of North America. Leaves usually membranous and downy.
Flowers for the most part terminal, disposed in racemose
panicles.
* Leaves evergreen.
1 L. FERRUGINEA (Nutt. gen. amer. p. 266.) shrubby; leaves
on long petioles, coriaceous, obovate, usually obtuse, quite en-
tire, with hardly revolute edges, covered with brown umbilicate
furfuraceous scales, as well as every other part of the plant ;
pedicels axillary, collected into threes or fives ; corollas small,
ovate-globose, fj . H. Native of Georgia, Florida, and Mexico,
in pine woods. Andromeda ferruginea, Walt. fl. car. 138. Vent,
malm. t. 80. Andromeda, ferruginea, ft, fruticosa, Michx. fl.
amer. bor. 1. p. 252. Corollas white inside, and rusty outside.
Ferruginous Lyonia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1784. Shrub 3 to
5 feet.
2 L. RIGIDA (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 266.) arborescent ; leaves
coriaceous, stiff, crowded, on short petioles, cuneate-lanceolate,
acute, quite entire, convex, with revolute edges, clothed with
brown, umbilicate furfuraceous scales, as well as every other
part of the plant ; pedicels aggregate, axillary ; corollas globose.
^ . H. Native of Carolina and Florida, in barren sandy woods.
Andromeda ferruginea, Willd. spec. 2. p. 609. Ait. hort. kew.
2. p. 67. Andromeda ferruginea, a, arborescens, Michx. 1. p.
252. Andromeda rigida, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 292. Lodd.
bot. cab. 430. Corollas white inside. This species is very
nearly allied to the preceding ; but their habits, and particularly
their flowering time, differ so materially, that they are actually
distinct.
•SVj^Lyonia. Fl. April, May. Cult. 1774. Tree 20 feet.
3 L. MARGINA'TA (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17, p. 159.)
quite glabrous ; branchlets somewhat 3-sided; leaves coriaceous,
oval, acuminated, quite entire, smooth, having the midrib run-
ning through the deflexed margin ; pedicels axillary, aggregate ;
corollas cylindrical; calycine segments elongated, linear, coloured.
Tj . H. Native of Carolina and Florida, in sandy forests. An-
ERICACEAE. XXVII. LYONIA. XXVIII. LEUCOTHOE.
831
dromeda marginata, Duham. arb. Andromeda coriacea, Willd.
spec. 2. p. 613. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 70. Sims, hot. mag.
1095. Andr. lucida, Lam. encycl. 1. p. 157. Andr. Mariana,
Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 465. A handsome small shrub. Flowers
pale red ; the calyx long, of a dark red colour. Leaves
marked with very fine punctures.
Var. ft, rubra (Lodd. bot. cab. 672.) flowers deep red.
Marginated - leaved Lyonia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1765.
Shrub 2 feet.
* * Leaves deciduous.
4 L. MARIA'NA (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17, p. 159.)
leaves oval, acutish at both ends, quite entire, glabrous, rather
coriaceous, paler beneath ; floriferous branches almost leafless ;
pedicels aggregate ; corolla ovate-cylindrical ; calyx foliaceous ;
capsule conoid. Jj . H. Native from New England to Flo-
rida, in woods and dry swamps, particularly in sandy soil. An-
dromeda Mariana, Lin. spec. 564. Sims, bot. mag. 1579. —
Pluk. mant. 448. A dwarf shrub. Flowers large, white, some-
times tinged with red. This plant has a number of very striking
varieties.
Far. ft, leaves narrow, lanceolate. Tj . H.
Maryland Lyonia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1736. Shrub 2
feet.
5 L. RACEMOSA (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves oval-lanceolate, acute,
serrulated, membranous, glabrous ; spikes terminal, secund,
elongated, simple, or branched ; bracteas linear, acute ; corollas
cylindrical ; calyxes acute, bibracteate at the base, f? . H.
Native from Canada to Carolina, in bogs and swamps. Andro-
meda racem6sa, Lin. spec. 564. Lher. stirp. 2. t. 13. Andr.
paniculata, Walt, carol. 138. — Gron. virg. 67. Flowers white.
A middle-sized shrub, which may be reckoned one of the finest
in North America, not only for the graceful appearance of its
flowers, but also for the fine odour they have. The cells of the
anthers are said to be biaristate at the apex ; it is, therefore,
probably, a species of Zenbbia. There are several varieties of
the plant.
Racemose - flowered Lyonia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1736.
Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
6 L. ARBOREA (D. Don, 1. c.) branches terete ; leaves oblong,
acuminated, mucronately serrated, glabrous ; panicles terminal,
or many spikes; corollas ovoid- cylindrical, downy. Ij . H.
Native from Pennsylvania to Florida, in the valleys of the Alle-
ghany Mountains. Andromeda arborea, Lin. spec. 565. Sims,
bot. mag. 905. — Catesb. car. 1. t. 71. A beautiful tree, from
40 to 60 feet high. Flowers white. The leaves have a very
pleasant acid taste, from which it has been called sorrel-tree.
They are frequently made use of by hunters in those mountains,
to alleviate thirst.
Tree Lyonia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1752. Tree 40 to 60
feet.
7 L. PANICULA'TA (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 266.) downy ; leaves
obovate-lanceolate, subacuminaied at both ends, and almost
entire ; floriferous branches terminal, panicled, nearly naked ;
clusters of flowers pedunculate ; corollas nearly globose, downy.
fy . H. Native from Canada to Carolina ; common in all
swamps and woods. Andromeda paniculata, Lin. spec. 564.
Lher. stirp. nov. 2. t. 12. Wats, dendr. brit. 37. Flowers
small, white. There are a number of varieties of this species,
differing in size, pubescence, shape of leaves, &c. Upper sur-
faces of the older leaves nearly smooth.
Panicled-fiowered Lyonia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1748. Shrub
3-4 feet.
8 L. FRONDOSA (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 267.) every part of
the plant is densely clothed with powdery villi ; leaves oblong,
or oblong- obovate, blunt, or acutish, clothed with furfuraceous
villi, often rusty, prominently veined : with revolute, entire, sca-
brous margins ; panicle terminal, frondose or leafy ; corollas
globose, hispid or downy. Ij . H. Native of the lower coun-
ties of Virginia and Carolina. Andromeda frondosa, Pursh. fl.
amer. sept. 1. p. 295. Flowers white. Pursh says the anthers
are awned ; but Nuttall thinks this must be a mistake, or that
his plant must be different from that of Pursh.
Frondose Lyonia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1806. Shrub 3 feet.
9 L. MULTIFLORA (Wats, dencl. brit. t. 128.) leaves narrow-
lanceolate, serrated, sprinkled with hair-like atoms ; panicle ter-
minal, composed of numerous fascicled racemes, fj . H. Na-
tive of North America. Flowers numerous, small, white. Per-
haps only a variety of L. paniculata.
Many-flowered Lyonia. Fl. July. Clt. ? Shrub 2 feet.
10 L. JAMAICE'NSIS (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17, p.
159.) branches smooth; leaves broad — lanceolate, quite entire,
cinereous beneath from dot-like scales, but shining above ; pe-
dicels aggregate, on long leafless branches, scaly as well as
the calyxes ; corollas ovate. ^ . S. Native of Jamaica, on
the tops of the mountains. Andromeda Jamaicensis, Swartz. fl.
ind. occ. 2. p. 838. Flowers white.
Jamaica Lyonia. Shrub 6 feet.
1 1 L. FASCICULA'TA ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, bhintish, a little
crenated, coriaceous ; racemes shorter than the petioles ; pedi-
cels aggregate, reflexed. Tj . S. Native of the south of Ja-
maica, on the mountains. Andromeda fasciculata, Swartz,
fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 836. Flowers white.
Fascicled-Rowered Lyonia. Tree.
12 L. CAPREJEFOLIA (Wats, dendr. brit. 127.) leaves coria-
ceous, elliptic, short-acuminated, serrulated, sprinkled with short
fleshy hairs ; corollas rather silky, globular, coarctate ; racemes
and corymbs mixed, lateral, leafy. Tj . H. Native of
North America. Flowers white. Perhaps only a variety of
L. paniculata.
Caprea-leavedlyon\a. Fl. July. Clt. 1812. Shrub 2 to 3
feet.
13 L.? RtTBieiNbsA ; leaves ovate, coriaceous, quite entire, ob-
tuse, downy beneath, rusty when young; racemes lateral, erect;
corollas cylindrical. Jj . S. Native of the West Indies, in the
Island of St. Thomas. Andromeda rubiginosa, Pers. ench. 1.
p. 481. Andr. pubescens, Poir. Leaves shining above, resem-
bling those of Salix caprea. Racemes very short, in fascicles.
Rusty Lyonia. Shrub.
14 L.? RHOMBOIDA'LIS ; shrubby; floriferous branches tri-
quetrous ; leaves somewhat rhomboid-oblong, cartilaginous, gla-
brous, rusty beneath, quite entire, callous at the apex ; pedun-
cles axillary, aggregate, elongated, filiform. Tj . H. Native of
Florida and Carolina. Andromeda rhomboidalis, Duham. ed.
nov. abr. 1 92.
Rhomboid-leaved Lyonia. Shrub.
Cult. The species thrive best in peat soil, or a sandy loam.
Being very ornamental, they are desirable shrubs in every gar-
den. They may either be increased by layers or by seeds.
The seeds should be sown in pots or pans in sandy peat soil ;
they should be covered slightly with earth, as they are extremely
small.
XXVIII. LEUCOTHO'E (a mythological name). D. Don, in
edinb. phil. journ. 17, p. 159. Andromeda species of authors.
LIN. SVST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-leaved ; leaves
imbricated at the base. Corolla tubular, 5-toothed. Stamens
inclosed ; filaments dilated, flattened, downy ; cells of anthers
short, truncate, mutic. Stigma ample, capitate. Capsule with
a loculicidal dehiscence. — Evergreen shrubs, natives of North
832
ERICACEAE. XXVIII. LEUCOTHOE. XXIX. PIERIS. XXX. PHYLLODOCE.
America. Leaves coriaceous, dentately spinulose. Flowers
white, racemose, axillary, or terminal.
1 L. AXILLA'RIS (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves oblong or oval, acumi-
nated, upper part cartilaginously and mucronately serrulated, co-
vered by scattered glandular hairs on the under surface; young
branches clothed with powdery down ; racemes axillary, spicate,
sessile, beset with scaly bracteas ; corollas ovate-cylindrical ;
filaments ciliated, very short, fj . H. Native from Virginia
to Georgia, on the mountains. Andromeda axillaris, Solander
in hort. kew. 2. p. 89. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 292.
Leaves glabrous. Flowers in short spikes, white. Capsule
depressed, globose.
Var. ft, longifblia (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 293.) leaves
linear-lanceolate, very long. 1? . H. Sims, hot. mag. 2357.
Andromeda Walteri, Willd.
^xi//ariy-flowered Leucothoe. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1765.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
2 L. SPINULOSA ; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, rounded at
the base, gradually narrowed to the apex, acuminated, some-
what spinulosely serrulated, glabrous, coriaceous ; racemes sub-
spicate, axillary, sessile, secund, rather loose, with scaly brac-
teas ; corollas short, ovate-cylindrical. J? . H. Native of
Lower Carolina. Andromeda spinulosa, Pursh. fl. amer. sept.
1. p. 293. Andr. Catesbae'i, Walt. fl. carol, p. 137. Willd.
spec. 2. p. 613. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1955. Lodd. bot. cab.
1320. Flowers white. Resembles the preceding in several
respects. The figure in Cat. car. is so very bad, that there can
be no reference made to it.
Spinulose-leaved Leucothoe. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1793.
Shrub 2 feet.
3 L. ACUMINA'TA ; quite glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate,
gradually narrowed to the top, acuminated, quite entire or un-
equally serrated, glabrous, shining, reticulately veined, coria-
ceous ; racemes axillary, very short, corymbose, nearly naked ;
flowers pedicellate, drooping ; corollas cylindrically ovate. J? •
H. Native of Georgia and Florida, in sandy swamps. Andro-
meda acuminata, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 70. Pursh. fl. amer.
sept. 1. p. 293. Smith, exot. bot. 89. And. lucida, Jacq.
icon. rar. 1. t. 79. And. populifolia, Lam. encycl. 1. p. 195.
A. rcticulata, Walt. fl. car. 137. Andr. formosissima, Bartr.
cat. Andr. laurina, Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 253. Flowers
white, in great abundance, which gives the shrub a fine ap-
pearance. The stems are hollow, and are used by the natives
for making their pipe stems, from whence the name Pipe-stem-
mood.
Acuminated-\ea\ed Leucothoe. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1765.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
4 L. FLORIBU'NDA (D. Don, 1. c.) quite glabrous ; leaves
ovate, oblong, acute, finely serrulated, adpressedly ciliated,
flabrous. coriaceous ; racemes secund, axillary, and terminal,
arming panicles ; pedicels bibracteate. 1? . H. Native of
Georgia, on the mountains. Andromeda floribunda, Lyon. herb.
Ker. bot. reg. 807. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 293. Sims,
bot. mag. 1566. Flowers pure white, in great abundance.
Bundle-flowered Leucothoe. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812.
Shrub 2 feet.
5 L. SPJCA'TA ; glabrous ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute,
ovate or attenuated at the base, serrated ; racemes long, lateral
and terminal, secund ; branchlets beset with short white hairs.
tj . H. Native from Canada to Florida. Andromeda spicata,
Wats, dendr. brit. 36. Flowers white.
AS>Mcate-flowered Leucothoe. Fl. June. Clt. ? Shrub 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Lyonia, p. 831. Ele-
gant shrubs, worth cultivating in every shrubbery for the sake
of the beauty of their blossoms.
XXIX. PIE'RIS (one of the Muses) D. Don, in edinb. phil.
journ. 17, p. 159. Andromeda species, Wall.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria Monogy'nia. Calyx deeply 5-parted.
Corolla tubular or ovate, with a contracted, 5-toothed, revolute
border. Stamens inclosed ; filaments dilated, bisetose at top ;
cells of anthers short, incumbent, dehiscing lengthwise. Style
robust, pentagonal ; stigma truncate. Capsule with a loculi-
cidal dehiscence. Seeds scobiform. — Trees or shrubs, natives
of Nipaul. Leaves coriaceous. Flowers drooping, terminal,
racemose.
1 P. FORMOSA (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated,
crenulated, glabrous, acute at the base ; racemes erectly spread-
ing, disposed in a terminal thyrse ; pedicels recurved, drooping,
and are, as well as the calyxes, pruinose ; calycine segments
ovate-oblong, marginated, shining ; corollas ovate. *j . F.
Native of Nipaul, where it is called Sheabogee and Chemata. —
An evergreen tree, with the habit of A'rbutus or Clethra. Pedi-
cels unilateral. Flowers rose-coloured, each furnished with a
small bractea at the base. Andromeda formosa, Wall, in asiat.
res. 13. p. 395. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 149.
Beautiful Pieris. Tree.
2 P. LANCEOLA'TA (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves elliptic, bluntly acu-
minated, quite entire, acute at the base ; racemes terminal, gla-
brous, straight ; pedicels scaly, pubescent, calycine segments
roundish, ciliated ; corollas ovate, downy ; style inclosed, Tj .
F. Native of Nipaul. Andromeda lanceol&ta, Wall, in asiat.
res. 13. p. 390. with a figure. Andr. squamulosa, D. Don, prod,
fl. nep. p. 149. A small much-branched tree. Leaves 3-4
inches long. Corollas purplish. Scales of pedicels ciliated.
Lanceolate-lea^ eA. Pieris. Tree small.
3 OVALIFOLIA (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves oval, acuminated, quite
entire, rounded at the base ; racemes lateral, leafy, many-
flowered ; pedicels secund, downy ; calycine segments ovate,
acute ; corollas oblong, downy. 5j . F. Native of Nipaul, at
Suembu, and in Sirinagur. Andromeda ovalifolia, Wall, in asiat.
res. 13. p. 391. with a table. Andr. capricida, Hamilt. mss.
Branches downy. Leaves downy when young, 2-4 inches long,
and 1-2 broad. Racemes numerous, elongated. Pedicels uni-
lateral. Corolla pale flesh-coloured. The tree is poisonous to
goats.
Oval-leaved Pieris. Fl. May. Clt. 1825. Tree 20 to 40 feet.
4 P. JAPONICA (D. Don, mss.) glabrous ; leaves lanceolate,
crenulated, attenuated at the base, entire ; racemes terminal,
panicled. Tj . F. Native of Japan. Andromeda Japonica,
Thunb. fl. jap. p. 181, t. 22. Leaves 1-J to 2 inches long.
Flowers red.
Japan Pieris. Shrub.
Cult. Sandy peat and a little loam is the best soil for the
species of Pieris ; and they may be increased by cuttings not
too young, planted in sand, with a bell-glass over them.
XXX. PHYLLO'DOCE. (a mythological name). Salisb.
par. 36. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. July, 1834. Andro-
meda species, Lin. Menziesia species, Swartz and Smith. —
Erica species, Willd.
LIN. SYST. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla globose, with a contracted 5-toothed mouth. Stamens 10,
inclosed ; filaments slender, glabrous ; cells of anthers short,
truncate, mutic. Stigma peltate, 5-tuberculate. Capsule 5-
celled, with a septicidal dehiscence. Seeds compressed, shining.
— Small evergreen shrubs, natives of the north of Europe,
Asia, and North America. Leaves linear, obtuse, spreading.
Flowers terminal, solitary, or many together, in a kind of
umbel.
ERICACEAE. XXX. PHYLLODOCE. XXXI. BRYANTHUS. XXXII. DABCECIA. XXXIII. ENKIANTHUS.
833
FIG. 137.
1 P. TAXIFOLIA (Salisb. par.
t. 36.) leaves with denticulated
margins ; peduncles aggregate,
glandular ; calycine segments
lanceolate, acuminated ; anthers
3 times shorter than the fila-
ments. ^ . H. Native of Eu-
rope ; and the north of Asia, at
the fountains of Uda. In Scot-
land, in dry heathy moors, rare ;
near Aviemore, in Strathspey, ex
Mr. R. Brown, of Perth ; in the
Western Isles of Shiant, G.
Don- In North America, on the
White Hills of New Hampshire ; , i
and on the north-west coast,
and of Labrador. Menziesia
ccerulea, Swartz, in Lin. trans.
10. p. 377. t. 30. f. a. Smith, engl. bot. 2469. Lodd. bot.
cab. 164. Andromeda ccerulea, Lin. spec. p. 563. fr. lapp. 165.
t. 1. f. 5. (Ed. fl. dan. 57. Andr. taxifblia, Pall. fl. ross. p. 54.
t. 72. f. 2. fl. lapp. ed. 2. p. 133. t. 1. f. 5. fl. dan. t. 57.
Erica ccerulea, Willd. spec. 2. p. 393. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 131.
t. 57. f. 2. Flowers blue or purple, but Pursh says they are
red in the American plant.
Yew-leaved Phyllodoce. F). June, July. Scotland. Shrub
J foot.
2 P. PALLASIA'NA (D. Don, in edind. phil.journ. 17, p. 159.)
leaves with denticulated margins ; peduncles aggregate, tomen-
tose ; calycine segments ovate-lanceolate, acute, membranous ;
corollas oblong ; anthers one-half shorter than the filaments.
Jj . H. Native of Curil Island and the Island of Sitcha. An-
dromeda coariilea ft, viridiflora, herb, Pall. Menziesia Aleutica,
Spreng. syst. 2. p. 202. Cham, in Linnsea. 1. p. 515. Bon-
gard, in mem. acad. petersb. 2. p. 154. t. 3. Peduncles clothed
with rusty, adpressed, silky hairs. Flowers greenish.
Pallas's Phyllodoce. Shrub -| foot.
3 P. EMPETRIFORMIS (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves with denticulated
margins ; peduncles aggregate, sparingly glandular ; calycine
segments ovate, obtuse ; anthers length of filaments. Jj . H.
Native of North America. Menziesia empetrifbrmis, Smith, in
Lin. trans. 10. p. 280. Hook. bot. mag. 3176. Flowers pale
red.
Empetrum-formed Phyllodoce. Fl, June, July. Clt. 1810.
Shrub ^ foot.
Cult. Phyllodoce is a genus of elegant, small, heath-like
shrubs ; they will only thrive in peat soil, and are increased by
layers.
XXXI. BRYA'NTHUS (from ftpvov, bryon,amoss, andavdoe,
anthos, a flower). Gmel. sib. 4. p. 133. t. 57. f. 3. D. Don, in
edinb. phil. journ. 17, p. 160. — Andromeda species, Lin. Men-
ziesia, Swartz, Pursh. — Erica species, Thunb.
LIN. SYST. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-leaved, imbri-
cate. Corolla deeply 5-parted, spreading. Stamens 10, shorter
than the corolla; filaments flattened, glabrous ; cells of anthers
short, mutic, or awned behind, dehiscing by a terminal hole.
Stigma obtuse. Capsule 5-celled, with a septicidal dehiscence,
many-seeded. Seeds ovoid, shining, with a keeled raphe. —
Small trailing shrubs, natives of Asia and North America.
Leaves crowded, spreading, flattish. Flowers terminal, solitary,
or somewhat racemose.
1 B. GMELINI (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 160.)
branchlets pruinose ; leaves with denticulated margins ; pedun-
VOL. in.
cles glandular, many-flowered ; anthers mutic ; style filiform.
Tj . H. Native of Kamtschatka, about Port Ochotsk, and of
Behring's Island. The plant grows in thick masses, like Wild
Thyme. Menziesia bryantha, Swartz, in Lin. trans. 10. p. 378.
t. 30. f. b. Andromeda bryantha, Lin. mant. 238. Pall. fl. ross.
p. 57. t. 74. f. 1. Erica bryantha, Thunb. diss. no. 8. Willd.
spec. 2. p. 386. Bryanthus repens, serpyllifolio, flore roseo,
Gmel. sib. 4. p. 133. t. 57. f. 3. Flowers red.
Gmelini Bryanthus. PI. trailing.
2 B. STELLE'RI (D. Don, 1. c.) branchlets glabrous ; leaves
with obsolete crenulated edges ; flowers solitary, nearly sessile ;
anthers biaristate behind ; style conical. P? . H. Native of the
west coast of North America ; on the Rocky Mountains, and
near the mouth of the Columbia river ; and of the Island of
Sitcha. Andr6meda Stelleriana, Pall. fl. ross. p. 58. t. 74. f. 2.
Menziesia empetriformis, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 265. but
not of others. Flowers pale red.
Stellcr's Bryanthus. Shrub trailing.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Phyllodoce, p. 832.
XXXII. DABCE'CIA (Called St. Dabeoc's Heath, in Ireland).
D. Don, in edinb. phil.journ. 17. p. 160. — Andr6meda species,
Lin. — Menziesia species, Juss. — Erica species, Lin.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla
oval, ventricose ; limb 4-toothed. Stamens 8, inclosed ; fila-
ments dilated, glabrous ; anthers linear, sagittate at the base ;
cells of anthers parallel, loosened at the apex, dehiscing length-
wise. Stigma simple, truncate. Capsule 4 -celled, with a septi-
cidal dehiscence. — A dwarf, bushy, evergreen shrub, native of
Ireland and the Pyrenees. Leaves elliptic, flat, clothed with
white tomentum beneath. Flowers terminal, racemose, purple.
1 D. FOLIFOLIA (D. Don, 1. c.). 1} . H. Native of the Pyre-
nees, and of the west of Ireland, in boggy soil ; on Craigh Patrick,
in the County of Mayo ; very abundant in the district of Cunne-
mara, in the County of Galway. Andromeda Dabce'cia, Lin.
syst. 400. Erica Daboc'cia, Lin. spec. 509. Smith, engl. bot.
85. Menziesia Dabce'cia, D. C. fl. gall. 674. Erica Hybernica,
&c. Rai, hist. 3. suppl. 244. Menziesia polifolia, Juss. ann.
mus. 1. p. 55. Vaccmium Cantabricum, Huds. ed. 1. p. 143.
Petiv. gaz. 27. f. 4. Racemes secund. The shrub is called
Irish Whorts, Cantabrian Heath, or St. Dabeoc's Heath.
Poliwn-leaved St. Dabeoc's Heath. Fl. June, Sept. Ireland.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. This shrub is well fitted for decorating the front of
shrubberies, or to be grown on rock-work or banks. It
has much the habit of a species of Heath, and is very pretty
when in blossom. As the shrub grows in large dense tufts, it
may be increased by division ; it is also easily increased by layers
or cuttings.
XXXIII. ENKIA'NTHUS (from IJKVOQ, enkuos, pregnant,
and avOos, anthos, a flower ; flowers swollen). Lour, cochin. 276.
Meladora, Sal. in hort. trans. 2. p. 156.
LIN. SYST. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5 cleft, furnished
with coloured bracteas. Corolla campanulate ; with a 5-cleft
limb, and with 5 pits at the base of the tube. Stamens 10, in-
serted in the base of the corolla ; filaments toothed, pilose at
base ; cells of anthers awned, opening by a pore at the apex.
Style filiform. Berry 5-celled, many-seeded. — Elegant shrubs.
Leaves broad, opposite, oblong-elliptic-acuminated, glabrous,
green and shining on the upper surface, pale beneath, and fre-
quently red. Bud scales red. Flowers large, terminal, droop-
ing, shewy. The species are held in high veneration by the
Chinese.
50
834
ERICACEAE. XXI1II. ENKIANTHUS. XXXIV. ARBUTUS.
FIG. 138.
1 E. QUINQUEFLORUS (LoUf.
coch. p. 276.) stem shrubby ;
flowers 5-6 together at the tops
the branches. Tj . G. Native of
the south of China. Andr. rep.
102. Ker. bot. reg. 201. Sims,
bot. mag. 1649. Lodd. bot.
cab. 1101. E.reticulatus.Lindl.
bot. reg. 883. Flowers pink,
or the calyx is red and the co-
rolla nearly white.
Five - flowered Enkianthus.
Fl. Feb. Sept. Clt. 1812.
Shrub 3 to 10 feet.
2 E. BIFLORUS (Lour. coch.
p. 276.) stem shrubby ; flowers
twin, terminal. Tj . G. Native of
the south of China. Flowers red.
Two-jlomered Enkianthus. Shrub.
Cult. Elegant green-house plants while in blossom, but rather
difficult of culture. The best soil for them is said to be an
equal mixture of sandy loam and peat, but care must be taken
not to over-water them when not growing freely. Cuttings
taken from ripened wood are found to strike root freely, if
planted in sand, with a hand-glass placed over them. When
they grow to a considerable size, they are the greatest orna-
ments for a green-house or conservatory.
XXXIV. A'RBUTUS (Ar boise, Celt., austere bush ; rough
fruit). Camer. epit. p. 168. Gaertn. fruct. 59. Tourn. inst. 368.
Juss. gen. L60. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 279.
Adans. fara. — Andrachne, Clus. — A'rbutus species, Lin. gen.
no. 750. Schred. gen. 750.
LIN. SYST. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5 -parted. Corolla
globose, or ovately campanulate : limb 5-cleft, reflexed. Sta-
mens 10, inclosed; anthers compressed on the sides, dehiscing
by 2 pores at the apex, fixed by the back beneath the apex,
where they are furnished with 2 reflexed awns. Ovarium seated
on a hypogynous disk, or half immersed in it, 5-celled ; cells
many-seeded. Style 1 ; stigma obtuse. Berry nearly globose,
granular. — Trees and shrubs, with alternate laurel-like leaves.
Racemes terminal, panicled. Flowers pedicellate, bracteate.
Corollas white or flesh-coloured.
1 A. U'NEDO (Lin. spec. 366.) arboreous ; branchlets clothed
with glandular hairs ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, serru-
lated ; peduncles smooth, nodding. Pj . H. Native of the south
of Europe, as of Spain, Italy, Greece ; Palestine, and many other
parts of Asia. It is also found in the west of Ireland, in the
County of Kerry, near the Lake of Killarney, on barren lime-
stone rocks, where the country people eat the fruit. Mill.
fig.t.48. Cam. epit. 1681. Barrel. icon. t. 674. Smith, engl. bot.
2377. The common A'rbutus, or Strawberry-tree, rises to the
height of 20 or 30 feet, but rarely with an upright stem. It is
one of the greatest ornaments in the month of October and No-
vember, that being the season when it is in flower ; and the fruit of
the former year is ripe. When there is plenty both of fruit and
flowers upon the trees, they make a handsome appearance at a
season when most others are past their beauty. The fruit is
said to have constituted part of the food of mankind in early
ages. That it was not in any esteem among the ancients, we
may suppose from the name frnedo, if Pliny's reason for that
name be the true one, — " cui nomen ex argumento fit unum
tantum edendi." Virgil recommends the twigs as good for goats
in winter : — " Jubeo frondentia capris Arbuta sufficere ;" and for
baskets, — " Arbuteae crates et mystica vannus lacchi." Horace
celebrates the shade of it : — " Nunc viridi membra sub Arbuto
stratus." The tree is named, in Greek, Ko/japoc, and the fruit
M. /ji/icm-vXov ; in Latin, A'rbutus, and the fruit U^nedo ; in
Italian, Arbuto, Albato, Albatro, Corbezzolo ; in French, L'Ar-
bousier commun. The Greek name is almost preserved at Con-
stantinople, in Komaria.
Var. a, alba (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 71.) flowers white.
Var. ft, rubra (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 71.) flowers reddish.
Var. y, plena (Ait. 1. c.) flowers semi-double.
Var. S, schizopetala ; petals cut.
Var. e, integri/olia ; leaves entire. Sims, bot. mag. 2319.
Var. 4, cm-pa ; leaves curled and cut.
Var. 77, salicifblia ; leaves narrow.
Unedo or Common Strawberry-tree. Fl. Sept. Dec. Ireland.
Tree 10 to 20 feet.
2 A. CAN ARIE'NSIS (Lam. diet. vol. 1 .) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
serrated, glaucous beneath ; panicles erect, clothed with hispid
hairs. 1? . G. Native of the Canary Islands. Sims, bot. mag.
1577. Flowers greenish white.
Canary-Island Strawberry-tree. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1796.
Shrub 8 to 10 feet.
3 A. Hr'sRiDA (Ker. bot. reg. 619.) leaves oblong, acute,
serrated, glabrous ; branchlets pilose ; panicle terminal, pen-
dulous, downy ; calyx glabrous. T? . H. Native country un-
known. A. andrachnoides, Link. enum. 1. p. 395. Flowers
white.
Hybrid Strawberry-tree. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. ? Shrub 8 to
12 feet.
4 A. SERRATIFOLIA (Nois. ex Lodd. bot. cab. t. 580.) leaves
serrated, narrower than those of A. Andr&chne ; flowers dis-
posed in terminal clusters. T? . H. Native country unknown.
Flowers yellowish. Perhaps only a variety of the following.
Serrated-leaved Strawberry-tree. Fl. Feb. March. Shrub 6
to 10 feet.
5 A. ANDRA'CHNE (Lin. spec. 566.) leaves oblong, bluntish,
quite entire, and a little serrated, glabrous ; panicles terminal,
erect, clothed with viscid down. Pj . H. Native of Greece,
Asia Minor, Tauria. Belon says it is common in Crete, and
between Aleppo and Antioch. Wheeler observed it near Athens,
and saw the fruit in the market of Smyrna. About Magnesia it
is so plentiful, that it is used as the principal fuel by the in-
habitants. Ehret. act. angl. vol. 57. p. 114. t. 6. Ker. bot. reg.
113. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2024. A. integrifolia, Lam. Andrachne
Theophrasti, Clus. hist. 1. p. 48. Andrachne, Park, theatr.
1490. f. 2. Flowers greenish-white. Fruit like that of the
common sort. This is the 'ASpa-^yri of Theophrastus, and is
called 'A(5paK\a in modern Greek. It is a fine ornamental
tree ; the largest of the kind in Britain is growing in the botanic
garden at Edinburgh. Tournefort enumerates three varieties of
it which he observed in the Levant ; one with serrated leaves ;
a second with a large oblong fruit ; and a third with large com-
pressed fruit.
Andrachne Strawberry-tree. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1724.
Tree 10 to 14 feet.
6 A. LAURIFOLIA (Lin. syst. 407. suppl. 238.) leaves oblong,
acuminated at both ends, acutely serrated, glabrous ; racemes
axillary, secund, sessile, solitary. T?. H. Native of North
America, but what part is unknown, as nothing can be found
respecting it in the Linnsean herbarium.
Laurel-leaved Strawberry-tree. Tree.
7 A. MENZIE'SII (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 282.) arbores-
cent; leaves broad-oval, quite entire, glabrous, on long petioles;
racemes axillary and terminal, panicled, dense- flowered, Tj . H.
Native of the north-west coast of America, where it was col-
lected by Mr. Menzies. Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot.
p. 143.
ERICACEAE. XXXIV. ARBUTUS. XXXV. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS.
835
Menzies's Strawberry-tree. Tree.
8 A. TOMENTOSA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 282.) shrubby;
branches hispid ; leaves oval, acute, subcordate at the base,
clothed with white tomentum beneath, on short petioles ; pedun-
cles axillary, shorter than the leaves, somewhat capitately race-
mose ; flowers campanulately urceolate, bracteate. fj . H.
Native of the north-west coast of America, where it was collected
by Mr. Menzies. Hook. bot. mag. t. 3320. Hook. fl. amer.
text. bot. 129. f. 1 . Flowers pure white. The whole herb, except
the flowers, is downy, while young. Petioles and mid-rib of
leaves hispid.
Var. ft, ntlda (Hook, et Am. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. 144.
Hook. fl. amer. bot. 129 fl.) shrub quite destitute of long stiff
hairs.
Tomentose Strawberry-tree. Fl. Dec. Clt. 1826. Shrub.
9 A. XALAPE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
279.) leaves oblong, acute, quite entire, glabrous above, but
clothed with fuscescent tomentum beneath ; panicle terminal,
composed of many racemes, fj . G. Native of Mexico, in
mountain woods near Xalapa, and at Malpays de Joya. Epi-
dermis separating, brownish purple. Young branches glabrous,
but beset with ramentae. Leaves obtuse at the base, 2 inches long,
petiolate. Corollas ovate, white. Filaments villous, dilated at
the base.
Xalapa Strawberry-tree. Tree.
10 A. MOLLIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 280.)
leaves oblong, acute, sharply toothed, coriaceous, clothed with
soft pubescence above, and canescent tomentum beneath ; panicle
terminal, crowded, composed of racemes. ^ . F. Native of
Mexico, near Guanaxuato. Branchlets purplish brown, an-
gular, downy. Leaves petiolate. Flowers drooping ? like those
of the preceding.
Soft Strawberry-tree. Tree.
1 1 A. DENSIFLORA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
280. t. 260.) leaves on long petioles, oblong, acute, sharply
toothed, coriaceous, glabrous above and shining, but clothed with
fuscescent down beneath, and the middle nerve with rusty villi ;
panicle terminal, composed of approximate racemes ; flowers
crowded, fy . F. Native of Mexico, on the eastern declivities
of the mountains between La Pileta and Xalapa. Branches an-
gular, pilose. Petioles pilose. Leaves 4-5 inches long. Pedi-
cels furnished with 3 bracteas at the base. Corollas oval, white.
Filaments dilated and pilose at the base.
Dense-flowered Strawberry-tree. Clt. 1826. Tree 20 feet. ?
12 A. PETIOLA'RIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 281.) arboreous ;
leaves on long petioles, oblong, acutish, mucronate, with denti-
culated margins, membranous, glabrous above, but clothed with
canescent tomentose pubescence beneath ; racemes short, crowd-
ed, forming a terminal panicle. Tj . F. Native of Mexico, on
the western declivities of mountains between Cuernavaca and
Guchilaque. Epidermis separating. Branchlets hairy. Leaves
rounded at the base, 3 or 3j inches long. Petioles hairy, red.
Ramenta numerous at the base of the branches. Pedicels vil-
lous, canescent. Corollas ovate-globose, white. Filaments vil-
lous, dilated at the base.
Petiolate-]eaved Strawberry-tree. Tree tall.
13 A. FERRUGINEA (Lin. syst. 408. suppl. 238.) arborescent;
leaves oblong, obtuse, smooth, quite entire ; racemes terminal.
fy . G. Native of New Granada. Branches angular, smooth.
Leaves petiolate. Racemes axillary, and terminating the
branches, solitary. Pedicels bibracteate. Flowers remote, nod-
ding. Corollas longer than in the other sorts, almost like those
of Andromeda.
Rusty Strawberry-tree. Tree.
14 A. PHYLLYRE^FOLIA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 483.) stem much
branched ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, acutely serrated ;
flowers axillary. Tj . G. Native of Peru. Leaves small. Per-
haps a species of Pernettya.
Phyllyrea-leaved Strawberry-tree. Shrub.
15 A. FU'RENS (Hook, et Arn. in Beech voy. pt. bot. p. 33.)
stem nearly simple, downy ; leaves oval, on short petioles, den-
ticulated, coriaceous, with revolute edges, shining above, and
glandular on both surfaces, the glands terminating in hairs ;
racemes short, axillary ; rachis and pedicels downy and scaly ;
calyx glabrous ; corolla glabrous outside, and hairy inside. Jj .
F. Native of Chili, about Conception. Qued-Qued, Feuille,
3. p. 56. t. 43. A low-growing shrub. The fruit is described
by Feuille to be a reddish brown berry, which is dangerous
when eaten, causing delirium ; whence the Indian name, which
signifies madness.
Raging Strawberry-tree. Shrub low.
1 6 A. PUNCTA'TA (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 33.)
much branched ; branchlets downy ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate-
lanceolate, denticulated, coriaceous, with revolute margins, be-
sprinkled with piliferous glands ; racemes axillary, downy,
scaly ; calyx glabrous ; corolla glabrous outside, but pilose in-
side. I? . F. Native of Chili, about Conception. Apparently
a large shrub, and probably the A. phyllyresefolia, Pers.
.Doited-leaved Strawberry-tree. Shrub.
Cult. The hardy species of this genus being all ornamental
trees or shrubs, are proper for conspicuous places in shrub-
beries, or to stand singly on lawns. A. Andrdchne must be pro-
tected by a mat in severe weather in winter. Trtey are to be
increased by seeds, or by budding or inarching on the commoner
kinds. The green-house kinds require the treatment of common
green-house plants.
XXXV. ARCTOSTA'PHYLOS (from ap.croc, arctos, a bear,
ora0v\»), staphyle, a grape). Gal. Adans. fam. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 277. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 287. — IPva-firsi,
Dod. Tourn. — A'rbutus species, Lin.
LIN. SYST. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted (f. 139.
a.) Corolla globose (f. 139. 6.) or ovate-campanulate ; limb 5-
cleft, reflexed. Stamens 10, inclosed; filaments dilated at the
base, and pilose ; anthers compressed at the sides, dehiscing by
2 pores at the apex (f. 139. b.), fixed by the back beneath the
middle, where they are furnished with 2 reflexed awns. Ova-
rium seated on the hypogynous disk, or half immersed in it,
usually 5-celled (f. 139. g.), rarely 6-9-celled; cells 1-seeded.
Style 1 ; stigma obtuse. Drupe nearly globose. — Shrubs or
subshrubs. Leaves alternate. Racemes terminal. Flowers
pedicellate, bracteate. Corollas white or flesh-coloured. Drupes
red or black.
1 A. U'VA-U'RSI (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 287.) stems procumbent ;
leaves permanent, obovate, quite entire, coriaceous, shining ;
flowers fasciculate; drupe 5-celled. Tj . H. Native of North
America, in the pine barrens of New Jersey, and in moun-
tainous and rocky situations of Canada and New England ; and
the Island of Unalascha. It is abundant on the continent of
Europe, as in Sweden, Denmark, and most parts of the north ;
also in Switzerland, Germany, Carniola, Dauphiny, Savoy, Si-
beria, &c. With us it is common upon dry, heathy, mountainous
and rocky places throughout the Highlands and Western Isles
of Scotland ; also in the north of England and Wales. A'rbutus
uva-ursi, Lin. spec. 566. fl. lapp. no. 162. t. 6. f. 3.
Woodv. med. bot. 194. t. 70. Fl. dan. t. 33. Blackw. t. 592.
Smith, engl. bot. 714. Arbutus buxifolia, Stokes, bot. 509.
LPva-ursi buxifolia Sal in Gray arr. 2. p. 400. — Schmidt,
arb. t. 138. Plench. icon. 340. It is called in English Bear
berries and Bear-nhortle berries, from the German, Baren-
traube or Barenbeere ; in Dutch, Beerendruif; in French, La
Busserole; in Italian, Uva d'orso; in Spanish, Uba deoso; in
5 o2
836
ERICACEAE. XXXV. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS. XXXVI. PERNETTYA.
Portuguese, Uva de urso ; and by most old botanists, Uva-
ursi. Leaves like those of box. Flowers pale red, or white
with a red mouth, growing in small clusters at the extremi-
ties of the branches. The leaves have been much celebrated in
calculous and nephritic complaints, and other disorders of the
urinary passages ; the dose is half a drachm of the powder of
the leaves every morning, or 2 or 3 times a day. The trials,
however, made in this country by no means answered expecta-
tion. Perhaps, upon the whole, it will be found no better than
other vegetable astringents ; some of which have long been used
by the country people in gravelly complaints, and with very
great advantage. On the plains of the Mississippi, the Indians
smoke the leaves under the name of Sacacommis, and consider
them of great medicinal virtue. But whatever may be its medi-
cinal qualities, the whole plant is certainly very serviceable in
dying an ash-colour, but particularly in tanning leather. In this
view, it may deserve attention in those countries where whole
mountains are covered with it. The berries are red when ripe,
filled with an austere mealy pulp; they serve as food for grouse
and other game.
Bear-berries. Fl. May, June. Britain. Shrub trailing.
2 A. ALPINA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 287.) stems procumbent ;
leaves obovate, acute, wrinkled, serrated, deciduous ; racemes
terminal. ^ . H. Native of Denmark, Switzerland, Dauphiny,
Savoy, Siberia, &c. In many places of the Highlands of Scot-
land, in dry barren moors. Nothing is more common, says
Linnseus, in all the Lapland alps, in Dalekarlia, from their tops
to their bases, round the White Sea, especially in very sandy
places. It is also found in Canada, and the more northern parts
of America, Aleutian Islands, &c. A'rbutus alpina, Lin. spec.
566. Oed. fl. dan. 73. Smith, engl. bot. 2030. Lightf. fl. scot.
215. t. 11. f. a. b. Pedicels rather hairy. The flowers grow
in reflexed racemes, and are pure white. The berries are black
when ripe, and of the size of a sloe, with a taste somewhat
resembling that of black currants, but more mawkish, insomuch
that Linnaeus says the Laplanders will scarcely eat them. Haller,
on the contrary, thinks the flavour not unpleasant. Mr. Miller
describes them as of a pleasant taste, so as frequently to be
eaten by the inhabitants of those countries where the plant grows
wild.
Alpine Bear-berry. Fl. April, June. Scotland. Shb. trailing.
3 A. POLIFOLIA (H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
277. t. 25.) erect ; leaves linear-
lanceolate, acute, with quite en-
tire and revolute margins, cori-
aceous, glabrous above, but
downy and glaucescent beneath.
Tj . F. Native of the temperate
parts of Mexico, near Villalpan-
do. Andromeda ledif olia, Humb.
prol. p. 41. A much branched
shrub. Racemes terminal, erect,
an inch long, downy. Flowers
nodding. Corolla scarlet (f. 139.)
Folium - leaved Bear-berry.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
4 A. GLAUCE'SCENS (H. B. et
Kunth, 1. c. p. 278.) erect ;
leaves lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, submucronate, quite entire,
coriaceous, glabrous and shining above, but downy and glauces-
cent beneath ; racemes terminal, solitary, erect ; flowers secund.
fj . F. Native of Mexico, between Guanaxuato and Valen-
ciana. Racemes 3 inches long, beset with glandular villi. Co-
rollas scarlet. ?
Glaucescent Bear-berry. Shrub.
FIG. 139.
5 A. PU'NGENS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 278. t. 259.) leaves
ovate-oblong, acute, mucronate, rather pungent, quite entire,
coriaceous, clothed with fine down on both surfaces ; racemes
short, at first terminal, but at length lateral. T? . F. Native of
Mexico, in high places near Moran and Villalpando. A dwarf,
much branched shrub. Branchlets angular, downy. Pedicels
approximate, fastlgiate. Corollas white.
Pungent-leaved Bear-berry. Shrub 1 foot.
6 A. ? HOOKE'RI ; branches prostrate, rather downy ; leaves
petiolate, permanent, oval or obovate, coriaceous, shining, mi-
nutely reticulated, mucronately pungent, smoothish, finely mar-
gined, almost quite entire ; racemes terminal, short ; flowers
bracteate. Tj . F. Native of Chili. A'rbutus pungens, Hook,
et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. 144. Habit of A. uva ursi, and
with the leaves of the same size. Flowers small, urceolate ;
young leaves white from down beneath, more or less ser-
rated.
Hooker's Bear-berry. Shrub prostrate.
Cult. The hardy species of this genus grow well in a mix-
ture of sand, loam, and peat, or in a peat border. They are
increased by layers, put down in the spring. The green-
house kinds require the treatment of other hardy green-house
shrubs.
XXXVI. PERNETTYA (named after M. Pernetty, author
of a history of his voyage to the Falkland Islands). Gaud, in
Freyc. voy. p. 454. t. 67.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx inferior, 5-parted.
Corolla globose : limb 5-parted, revolute. Stamens 10, almost
hypogynous, inclosed ; filaments thickened at the base ; cells of
anthers bifid, and dehiscing at the apex. Ovarium free, de-
pressed, globose, 5-celled ; cells many-seeded. Hypogynous
scales or glands 10, 3-lobed, forming a ring round the ovarium,
and alternating with the stamens. Style terminal, short. Stigma
convex, obsoletely 5-lobed. Berry propped by the rather fleshy
calyx. Seeds minute, oblong-ovate. — Small, much branched
shrubs, with small alternate approximate leaves ; axillary, soli-
tary, pedunculate, drooping white flowers, and bracteate pedun-
cles. This genus agrees with Epacridese in the presence of
hypogynous scales.
1 P. EMPETRIFOVLIA (Gaud. 1. c. t. 67.) much branched, dif-
fuse ; leaves alternate, distich, oblong, quite entire ; flowers
lateral, solitary, drooping. J? . F. Native of the Falkland
Islands. A'rbutus empetrifolia, Lin. suppl. p. 239. Pers.
syn. 1. p. 483. A. pumila? Willd. spec. 3. p. 619. Pers.
ench. 1. p. 483. Andromeda empetrifolia, Lam. diet. 1. p.
155. Bruyere a feuilles poinstues, Pernetty, voy. 2. p. 64.
Flowers white. Leaves like those of E'mpetrum.
Crow-berry-leaved Pernettya. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
2 P. MUCRONA'TA (Gaud, in ann. sc. 5. p. 102.) leaves ovate,
cuspidate, denticulately serrulate, stiff", shining on both surfaces ;
pedicels axillary, bracteate, about equal in length to the leaves.
17 . H. Native of Terra del Fuego, Cape Horn, and Straits of
Magellan. Lindl. bot. reg. 1675. A'rbutus mucronata, Lin.
fil. suppl. p. 239. Forst. in comm. goet. 9. p. 31. Graham in
bot. mag. t. 3093. Lam. ill. t. 366. f. a. Lodd. bot. cab.
1848. Flowers white, drooping.
Mucronate-le&ved Pernettya. Fl. May. Clt. 828. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
3 P. MICROPHY'LLA (Gaud. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acute, serrated ;
pedicels short, axillary. ^ • H. Native of the Straits of Ma-
gellan. A'rbutus microphylla, Forst. in comm. goet. 9. p. 32.
Willd. spec. 2. p. 619. A'rbutus serpyllifolia, Lam. Flowers
white, drooping.
Small-leaved Pernettya. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
4 P. MYRSINITIS ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrated, scat-
ERICACE/E. XXXVI. PERNETTYA. XXXVII. AGARISTA.
837
tered ; pedicels solitary, axillary, very short. 1? . H. Native
of the Straits of Magellan, in woods on the mountains. Andro-
meda myrsinitis, Lam. ill. gen. t. 365. f. 2. Leaves small.
Myrtle-like Pernettya. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
5 P. CAVANILLESIA'NA ; leaves ovate, acute, glabrous, ob-
tusely serrated ; pedicels axillary, solitary, furnished with two
scales at the base ; stems trailing. Tj . F. Native of South
America. Andromeda prostrata, Cav. icon. 6. p. 43. t. 562.
f. 2. Leaves green above, and rusty and veiny beneath, on
very short petioles.
Cavanilles's Pernettya. Shrub prostrate.
6 P. PILOSA ; stem pilose, procumbent ; leaves ovate-elliptic,
ciliately-serrulated, coriaceous, mutic at the apex and callous ;
pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered, elongated, nutant ; corolla ovate,
with blunt revolute teeth. Tj . H. Native of Mexico. A'rbutus
pilosa, Graham, in bot. mag. 3177. Corolla white.
Pilose Pernettya. Fl. May. Clt. May, June. Shrub pros-
trate.
7 P. PURPU'REA (D. Don, mss. in herb. Lamb.) branchlets
setose ; leaves lanceolate, acute, denticulated, glabrous, veiny
beneath ; pedicels scabrous, glandular ; corollas ovate. fj • F.
Native of Peru. Flowers purple. ?
Purple-flowered Pernettya. Shrub.
8 P. CILJA'RIS (D. Don, 1. c.) branchlets setose ; leaves ovate-
lanceolate, acute, having the margins denticulated, and cili-
ated with bristles ; peduncles glandular, fy . F. Native of
Mexico.
Ciliated Pernettya. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Phylludoce, p. 833.
XXXVH. AGARI'STA (a mythological name, the beautiful
daughter of Clifthenes ; in reference to the beauty of the
flowers). D. Don, mss. — Andromeda species of Comm. and
other authors.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria Monogy'nia. Calyx fleshy, 5-lobed ;
lobes imbricate at the base. Corolla ovate, with a contracted,
5-toothed, conical mouth. Stamens 10, inclosed ; filaments
flattened, dilated at the base, and villous ; anthers bipartite ;
with short membranous cells, which are mutic at the base and
diverging at the apex, opening by a terminal hole. Style robust,
terete ; stigma capitate. Capsule globose, pentagonal, 6-celled,
with a loculicidal dehiscence. Placentas thick, oblong. Seeds
angular, curved.- — Evergreen shrubs. Natives of the Mauri-
tius and South America. Leaves coriaceous, reticulately veined,
quite entire. Flowers racemose, terminal, very beautiful. In-
termediate between Gaultheria and Andromeda.
1 A. BUXIFO'LIA; leaves cordate ovate, mucronulate, rusty
beneath ; panicle terminal, downy, composed of racemes ; flowers
secund. Tj . G. Native of the Island of Bourbon. Andromeda
buxifolia, Lam. diet. 1. p. 158. Smith, icon. ined. 1. p. 59. t.
59. Lindl. bot. reg. Hook. bot. mag. t. 2660. Lodd. bot.
cab. 1494. Flowers scarlet. Corollas sub-cylindrical.
Box-leaved Agarista. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1 822. Shrub 3
to 6 feet.
2 A. SALICIFOLIA ; leaves lanceolate, attenuated at both ends,
white beneath ; racemes simple, secund, glabrous. T? . S. Na-
tive of the Mauritius. Andromeda salicifblia, Comm. mss.
Lam. diet. 1. p. 159. Smith, icon. ined. t. 58. Hook. exot.
fl. 3. t. 192. bot. mag. 3286. Leaves 2-4 inches long. Ra-
cemes simple. Corolla oblong, ovate, beautiful purple.
Willow-leaved Agarista. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
3 A. SUBROTU'NDA ; leaves roundish-elliptic, cordate at the
base, mucronate at the apex, glabrous above, but clothed with
ferruginous tomentum beneath ; racemes terminal, solitary, or
fascicled, secund, downy. Tj • G. Native of Brazil, in the pro-
vince of Minas Geraes, on rocks about Villa St. Joao d'el Rey.
Andromeda subrotunda, Pohl. pi. bras. 2. p. 32. t. 121.
Branches tomentose. Leaves on very short petioles, approxi-
mate, setosely denticulated on the nerves and margins, and ter-
minating in a spinose mucrone. Corolla ovate, ventricose, pure
red or scarlet, with almost erect segments. Ovaries villous.
Roundish-leaved Agarista. Shrub 3 feet.
4 A. MULTIFLORA ; leaves lanceolate, rounded at the base,
glabrous ; racemes axillary, suprafoliaceous ; ovarium glabrous.
fj . G. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, in
mountainous places ; in Serra Matuquiera. Andromeda mul-
tiflora, Pohl. pi. bras. 2. p. 33. t. 122. Shrub much branched.
Leaves petiolate, remote, 2^ inches long and 8 lines broad.
Racemes many-flowered, secund. Bracteas oblong, acute,
ciliated. Corolla elliptic, ventricose, white, with erect seg-
ments.
Many-florvered Agarista. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
5 A. POHLII ; leaves ovate, acute at the apex, emarginate
at the base, glabrous, painted beneath on the sides of the nerve
with dots ; racemes axillary. Jj . G. Native of Brazil, in the
province of Minas Geraes, in dry mountainous places of Itambe.
Andromeda crassifolia, Pohl. pi. bras. 2. p. 34. Leaves on
short petioles, deciduous, 1^ inch long and 8 lines broad. Ra-
cemes many-flowered, secund ; bracteas linear, glabrous. Co-
rollas unknown.
Pohl's Agarista. Tree.
6 A. BRACAMORE'NSIS ; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, obso-
letely mucronate, with revolute margins, coriaceous, glabrous,
shining above ; racemes axillary and terminal, approximate at the
tops of the branches. Tj . G. Native of New Granada, in the
province of Bracamoros, near St. Felipe, and Paramo de Yamoca.
Andromeda Bracamorensis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 288. t. 263. Andr6meda myrtifolia, Willd. herb. Branch-
lets angular. Leaves 6-7 lines long. Bracteas minute at the
base of the pedicels. Corollas scarlet, with ovate, obtuse,
revolute teeth. Stigma ciliated, hardly thicker than the style.
Bracamoros Agarista. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
7 A. SPRENGE'LII ; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, mucronate,
coriaceous, with revolute margins, glabrous on both surfaces ;
racemes axillary, drooping. Pj . S. Native of Brazil, within
the tropic. Andromeda revoluta, Spreng. neu. entd. 2. p. 131.
syst. 2. p. 291. Young leaves and young branches rather
downy.
Sprengel's Agarista. Shrub.
8. A. EUCALYPTOI'DES ; glabrous; leaves on long petioles,
oblong, acuminated, obliquely rounded at the base, with revo-
lute margins ; racemes lateral, approximate towards the tops of
the branches, fj . G. Native of Brazil, at Rio Grande do
Sul. Andromeda eucalyptoides, Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea.
1. p. 519. An elegant shrub. Young branches angular.
Leaves 1^ inch long. Corolla urceolate, 3 lines long, with ob-
tuse spreading teeth, scarlet. ? Ovarium pubescent.
Eucalyptus-like Agarista. Shrub or small tree.
9 A. PU'LCHRA ; glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, mucronate,
coriaceous, with revolute margins ; racemes secund, axillary
and terminal, glabrous, approximate at the tops of the branches ;
ovarium glabrous, fj . S. Native of Brazil, within the tropic.
Andromeda pulchra, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 521.
Branches angular. Leaves more than an inch long, larger than
those of A. nummularia. Style length of corolla. Corolla urceo-
late, with short obtuse spreading teeth, scarlet.
Fair Agarista. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
10 A. NUMMDLA'RIA ; leaves on short petioles, cordate, broad-
ovate, rather retuse, mucronate, coriaceous ; racemes axillary
and terminal, and are, as well as the young branches, hispid ;
ovarium downy. J? . G. Native of the south of Brazil, in the
province of Rio Grande do Sul. Andromeda nummularia,
838
ERICACE.E. XXXVII. AGARISTA. XXXVIII. DIPLECOSIA.
Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnsea, 1. p. 520. Leaves shining above,
ciliated with long stiff hairs on the nerves beneath, and margins
while young. Larger leaves 8 lines long. Racemes approxi-
mate at the tops of the branches. Calyx hairy. Style ex-
serted. Corolla urceolate, with short, obtuse, reflexed teeth,
scarlet. ?
Money-mort-]eaved Agarista. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
11 A. NERIU-6LIA; quite glabrous ; leaves petiolate, oblong-
lanceolate, acute, ovate at the base, coriaceous ; panicle termi-
nal, composed of numerous racemes ; ovarium glabrous. I? . S.
Native of Brazil, within the tropic. Andr6meda neriifblia,
Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnsea, 1. p. 522. Leaves 3 inches
long, shining above and paler beneath. Racemes secund ; flowers
drooping. Corolla urceolate, with short, obtuse, hardly spread-
ing teeth, scarlet. ? Galycine segments finely ciliated.
Nerium-leaved Agarista. Shrub 2 feet.
12 A. OLEIFOLIA ; leaves on short petioles, oblong, subacumi-
nated, mucronate, acutish at the base, or rounded, with reflexed
margins, flat, glabrous, coriaceous ; racemes axillary, length of
leaves; calycine segments ovate, acuminated, acute; corollas
oblong ; ovarium glabrous. ^ • S. Native of equinoxial
Brazil. Andromeda oleifolia, Cham, in Linnsea, 8. p. 504. —
Flowers scarlet, with white filaments and yellow anthers. There
are varieties of it having the inflorescence either hairy or gla-
brous.
Olive-leaved Agarista. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
ISA. SERRULA'TA ; leaves subimbricated, almost sessile,
spreading, stifF, ovate, cordate, acute, reticulately veined, with
reflexed margins, and serrulately-ciliated near the margin above,
very scabrous, hairy on the nerve beneath as well as the branch-
lets, inflorescence, and calyxes ; racemes terminal, and from the
axils of the upper leaves, and much exceeding them ; calycine
segments ovate, acuminated, acute or lanceolate, one-half the
length of the corolla ; ovarium downy. fj . S. Native of
Brazil, within the tropic. Andromeda serrulata, Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnaea, 8. p. 506. Corollas scarlet, with obtuse
spreading teeth.
Serrulated-leaved Agarista. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
14 A. risTRix ; branchlets bluntly angular ; leaves on short
petioles, ovate-cordate, acute in the young state, and obtuse in
the adult state, always mucronate, coriaceous, marginated,
clothed with fine white tomentum beneath, as well as the branch-
lets, inflorescence, and calyxes ; racemes terminal and axillary,
exceeding the leaves ; calycine segments broad, ovate, acumi-
nated, acute, spreading ; corollas downy ; ovarium clothed with
white tomentum. t? . S. Native of Brazil. Andromeda Pis-
trix, Cham, in Linnsea, 8. p. 508. Leaves 15 lines long. Co-
rollas ovoid, coriaceous, scarlet, much larger than those of A.
pulchra. Style woolly at the base.
Whale Agarista. Shrub.
15 A. CHLORA'NTHA ; leaves on short petioles, ovate- cordate,
obtuse, mucronate, coriaceous, glabrous, with revolute margins ;
branches, inflorescence, and calyxes downy ; racemes terminal
and axillary, a little longer than the leaves ; calycine segments
narrow-ovate, acuminated, or lanceolate, acute, longer than the
third part of the corolla, which is ovoid-cylindrical ; ovarium
downy or villous. T? . S. Native of Brazil. Andromeda
chlorantha, Cham, in Linnaea, 8. p. 508. A box-like shrub,
with the habit of A. Bracamorensis and A. revoluta. Corollas
white, green at the apex, glabrous.
Green-flowered Agarista. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 1
16 A. PULCHE'LLA ; leaves on short petioles, cordate, ovate-
oblong, mucronate, marginated, rather coriaceous, flat, pubescent
on the midrib beneath while young, as well as the petioles,
branchlets, and inflorescence ; racemes terminal and axillary,
3-8-flowered, a little longer than the leaves ; flowers on long
pedicels ; calycine segments broad-ovate, acuminated, acute.
Pj . S. Native of Brazil. Andromeda pulchella, Cham, in
Linnaea, 8. p. 509. Like A. neriifolia and A. pulchra, but
differs much in the inflorescence. Leaves ^ inch long. Young
branches angular. Racemes crowded at the tops of the
branches.
Neat Agarista. Shrub.
17 A. PYRIFOLIA; leaves ovate, acuminated, quite entire, and
are, as well as the panicle, glabrous. J? . S. Native of the
Mauritius. Andromeda pyrifolia, Pers. ench. 1. p. 481. —
Tree 20 feet high, with sulcately striated bark. Flowers ob-
scure, purple.
Pear-leaved Agarista. Tree 20 feet.
18 A. ILICIFOLIA ; leaves cordate, broad, coriaceous, slightly
toothed ; racemes axillary and terminal, crowded at the tops of
the branches. Pj . S. Native of Peru. Andromeda ilieifolia,
Pers. ench. 1. p. 481. Leaves on short petioles, ovate and
quite entire when young, but when larger and older furnished
with a few distant teeth at the base.
Holly-leaved Agarista. Shrub.
19 A. ERIOPHY'LLA ; leaves roundish-ovate, tomentose on
both surfaces, and terminated by a gland, quite entire ; racemes
terminal, secund, bracteate ; corollas ovate. Tj . G. Native of
Brazil, on the mountains. Andromeda eriophylla, Vand. fl.
lus et bras. spec. Pers. ench. 1. p. 482.
Woolly-leaved Agarista. Shrub.
20 A. ? ANASTOMOSANS ; leaves ovate, subserrated, dotted
beneath, with anastomosing veins ; racemes axillary, glomerate.
\2 • S. Native of New Granada. Andromeda glomerata, Cav.
icon. 6. p. 42. Stem villous. Leaves rather veiny. Corollas
glabrous. Bracteas longer than the pedicels.
Anastomosing Agarista. Shrub.
Cult. Agarista is a genus of most showy and elegant shrubs,
well worth the cultivator's care. Peat and sand is the best soil
for them : and cuttings not too young will strike root in sand
under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat. Although the species
are said to require the stove, they would probably be better if
treated as greenhouse plants.
XXXVIII. DIPLECO'SIA (from Strove, diplous, double,
and KWC, fcos, a covering ; in reference to the double covering,
the calyx and calyculus.) Blum, bijdr. 857.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft, girded
by a calyculus at the base, which is composed of 2 com-
bined bracteas. Corolla campanulate, with a 5-cleft reflexed
limb. Stamens 10, inclosed, inserted in the calycine disk; an-
thers bifid at the apex, the lobes undivided. Style erect; stigma
truncate. Capsule subglobose, depressed, inclosed in the calyx,
which is baccate, 5-celled, and dehiscing irregularly. Seeds nu-
merous, cuneated, compressed, fixed to fleshy prominent recep-
tacles.— Parasitical shrubs. Leaves scattered, coriaceous. Flow-
ers solitary or in fascicles, axillary. Corollas pale-greenish.
This genus is intermediate between Andromeda and Gaultheria.
It differs from the latter in the structure of the corolla and an-
thers ; and from the first in the baccate calyx and dehiscence
of the fruit.
1 D. PILOSA (Blum, bijdr. 858.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acu-
minated, strigose above and pilose beneath, as well as the
branchlets ; pedicels solitary or twin. Jj . S. Native of Java,
on Mount Salak, in woods, where it is called by the natives
Kila Ge Daijbula.
Pilose Diplecosia. Shrub.
2 D. LATIFOLIA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oval, acutish at both
ends, with recurved margins, glabrous ; pedicels fascicled. Jj .
S. Native of Java, upon trees on the mountains.
Broad- leaved Diplecosia. Fl. Year. Shrub par.
ERICACEAE. XXXIX. GAULTHERIA.
839
3 D. HETEROPHY'ILA (Blum. 1. c. p. 858.) leaves oblong or
lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, nearly veinless, glabrous,
dotted beneath ; pedicels fascicled, fj . S. Native of Java, on
the higher mountains, on the west side of the island.
Var. ft ; leaves cuneate-oblong, acutish or obtuse.
Variable-leaved Diplecosia. Fl. Year. Shrub par.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Agarista, p. 838.
XXXIX. GAULTHE'RIA (so named by Kalm, from Gaul-
thier, a physician and botanist of Canada). Lin. gen. no. 551.
Schreb. 449. Gaertn. fruct. 63. Juss. gen. p. 161. R. Br. prod,
p. 559. H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 282.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
ovate, with a short 5-cleft limb (f. 140. /*.). Stamens 10, inclosed ;
anthers bifid at the apex; lobes biaristate (f. 140. e.). Style 1 ;
stigma obtuse. Hypogynous scales 10, obsolete or connate at
the base. Capsule depressedly globose, 5-celled, 5-furrowed, co-
vered by the calyx, which is sometimes baccate ; valves septi-
ferous in the middle. Placentas adnate to the base of the
coluran. Seeds numerous, covered by a reticulated testa. —
Small trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate. Flowers axillary and
terminal, racemose, rarely solitary ; pedicels bibracteolate. Co-
rollas white, rose-coloured, or scarlet. Filaments usually
hairy.
* Flowers axillary, solitary. Peduncles or pedicels beset with
some imbricated bracteas at the base.
1 G. PROCU'JIBENS (Lin. spec. 565.) stem procumbent ;
branches erect, naked at bottom, but with crowded leaves at
top ; leaves obovate, acute at the base, finely and ciliately
toothed ; flowers few, terminal, nutant. Jj . H. Native of
North America, in dry woods, on mountains, and in sandy
plains from Canada to Virginia. Andr. bot. rep. 11C. Kalm.
amcen. 3. p. 14. t. 1. f. 6. Duham. arb. 1. p. 286. t. 113.
Lodd. bot. cab. t. 82. Sims, bot. mag. 1966. — A little shrubby
plant, resembling seedling plants of Kalmia latifolia. Flowers
white. Berries red, eatable, and known by the name of part-
ridge berries. The leaves, if properly cured, make a most ex-
cellent tea, for which reason it is likewise known by the name
of Mountain Tea.
Procumbent Gaultheria. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1762. Shrub
•y foot, procumbent.
2 G. RE'PENS (Blum, bijdr. p. 857.) stem creeping, rather
pilose ; leaves minute, rather pilose beneath, ovate, acute, coria-
ceous ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered. J? . G. Native of Java,
on the top of Mount Cede.
Creeping Gaultheria. Fl. Year. Shrub.
3 G. NUMMULARIOIDES (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 150.)
branches filiform, procumbent, very bristly ; leaves cordate,
mucronulate, nearly sessile, naked above, but hispid from hairs
beneath and on the margins ; pedicels axillary, very short, soli-
tary. Tj . H. Native of Nipaul, on the Alps. Shrub much
branched. Flowers drooping. Pedicels and calyxes glabrous.
Calycine segments broad-ovate, mucronulate, with connivent
margins. Corolla ovate, longer than the calyx.
Money-rvort-like Gaultheria. Shrub procumbent.
4 G. BUXIFOLIA (Willd. in nov. act. berol. vol. 4.) stem erect;
branches hairy ; leaves roundish-ovate, obtuse, toothed, coria-
ceous, scabrous from dots beneath ; pedicels filiform. T? • S.
Native of Caraccas. Branches hairy, erect.
Box-leaved Gaultheria. Shrub.
5 G. ANASTOMOSANS (R. Br. prod. p. 559. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 283.) branches, margins, and under sides
of leaves, clothed with bristly hairs ; leaves ovate, acute,
crowded at the base, obsoletely denticulated, shining above ;
flowers axillary, solitary, pedicellate. f? . G. Native of New
Granada, near Santa Fe de Bogota. Andromeda anastomosans,
Lin. suppl. 237. Willd. spec. 2. p. 614. Vent. Choix, t. 53.
Pedicels pilose, furnished with 5-7 imbricated bracteas at the
base. Corollas ovate, glabrous, white.
Anastomosing Gaultheria. Shrub.
6 G. PURPUBA'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
282.) procumbent '! branchlets and leaves clothed with bristly
hairs; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute at both ends, serrulated, 1-
nerved, purplish beneath ; flowers axillary, solitary. (j . G.
Native of New Granada. Hairs or bristles dark purple.
Leaves green above. Peduncles or pedicels bracteate at the
base. Fruit drooping.
Purplish -leaved Gaultheria. Shrub procumbent.
7 G. MYRSINOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 283.) branches
and leaves glabrous ; leaves oblong, acute, obtuse at the base,
crenated at top, shining above ; flowers axillary, solitary. Tj .
G. Native of New Granada, near the town of Almaguer.
Branchlets angular. Peduncles downy, furnished with im-
bricated bracteas at the base. Corollas ovate-globose, glabrous,
white.
Myrsine-like Gaultheria. Shrub.
8 G. MYRTiLLoloES (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea. vol. 1. p.
523.) branches beset with bristles, as well as the under sides of
the leaves and calyxes ; leaves broad-lanceolate, with the mar-
gins ciliately serrulated and somewhat reflexed ; flowers axil-
lary, solitary, on short pedicels near the tops of the branches. Ij .
G. Native of Brazil, within the tropic. Scales at base of pe-
dicels ciliated. Corolla urceolate, pilose inside, glabrous out-
side, with reflexed teeth. Filaments dilated at base,
Myrtle-like Gaultheria. Shrub \ to 1 foot.
9 G. CILIA'TA (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linna-a. 5. p. 126.)
shrubby, glabrous ; flowers axillary, solitary ; peduncles downy,
bracteolate at the base ; leaves coriaceous, nearly sessile, lan-
ceolate, acute, sharply serrulated : teeth setigerous in the
young state. Tj . G. Native of Mexico, on Mount Orizaba,
along with Solanum tuberosum ; and at Chiconquiaca and Mai-
pays de Joya. Leaves \ inch long. Flowers white. Berries
black.
Ciliated-leaved Gaultheria. Shrub.
* * Racemes axillary and terminal at the tops of the branches.
Pedicels bibracteate.
FIG. 140.
10 G. SHA'LLON (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 283. with a
figure) ; procumbent, hairy ; leaves ovate, subcordate, ser-
rated, glabrous on both sur-
faces ; racemes secund, brac-
teate, clothed with rusty down.
J? . H. Native of North Ame-
rica, on the falls of the Colum-
bia, and near the Western Ocean.
Hook. bot. mag. t. 2843. Lindl.
bot. reg. 1411. Lodd. bot. cab.
1372. Branches warted, clothed
with rusty down while young.
Leaves broad, abruptly acumi-
nated. Pedicels scaly. Corolla
white, tinged with red, downy,
urceolate, with a closed limb.
Berries globose, acute, fleshy,
purple. — This plant grows in
the shade of close pine forests,
where hardly any thing else will
grow, which makes it a very desirable shrub for plantations.
The berries of the Shallon are much esteemed by the natives,
on account of their agreeable flavour.
840
ERICACEAE. XXXIX. GAULTHERIA.
Shallon Gaultheria. Fl. May. Clt. 1826. Shrub procum-
bent.
11 G. FRAGRANTIJSIMA (Wall, in asiat. res. 13. p. 297, with a
figure) ; branchlets glabrous, rather triquetrous ; leaves elliptic-
oblong, acute, crenulaled, glabrous, attenuated at the base ;
racemes axillary, solitary, erect, downy. Tj . F. Native of
Nipaul, at Narainhetty. G. fragrans, D. Don, prod. fl. nep.
151. A'rbutus laurifolia, Hamilt. mss. Leaves coriaceous, re-
ticulately veined, 2-4 inches long. Racemes shorter than the
leaves. Bracteas ovate-oblong, concave, equal in length to the
pedicels. Calycine segments ovate, acute. Corollas oblong,
silky, drooping a little, pale red, very sweet scented. Shrub
much branched.
Very fragrant Gaultheria. Clt. 1824. Shrub.
12 G. PUNCTA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 856.) leaves lanceolate, ter-
minated by a gland, serrated, dotted beneath, glabrous as well
as the branches ; racemes panicled, terminal ; calyxes ciliated.
Tj . G. Native of Java, very common on the top of Mount
Gede, where it is called by the natives Tjatagie-nangie.
Dotted- leaved Gaultheria. Shrub.
1 3 G. LEUCOCA'RPA (Blum, bijdr. p. 856.) branches and
leaves glabrous ; leaves ovate-oblong, long-acuminated, bluntly
serrated ; racemes axillary and terminal, drooping ; calyxes
a little ciliated. Jj . G. Native of Java, in woods on the higher
mountains, where it is called Zanligi badas by the natives.
While-fruited Gaultheria. Fl. Year. Shrub.
14 G. SPRENGE'LII ; leaves oblong, rounded at both ends,
callous at the apex, quite entire, with revolute edges, hispid on
both surfaces ; branches hairy ; racemes terminal, straight, se-
cund, clothed with clammy hairs. T; • S. Native of Brazil,
where it was collected by Sello. G. hispida, Sprengel, syst. 2.
p. 288. but not of R. Br.
Sprengel's Gaultheria. Shrub.
15 G.? BRACTEA'TA; branches beset with rusty hairs; leaves
ovate-acute, obscurely denticulated, shining above and rusty be-
neath ; racemes terminal, simple ; corollas and calyxes hairy.
lj . G. Native of Quito, near the Crater of Tunguragua, and on
Mount Chimborazo. Andromeda bracteata, Cav. icon. 6. p. 42.
t. 562. f. 1. Hairs on the under side of the leaves, bulbous at
the base. Leaves 1^ inch long, and 1 inch broad. Bracteas at
the base of the pedicels concave, ovate-acute, and the pedicels
are bibracteolate. Stamens 10, villous; anthers biaristate at the
base. Corollas tubular, pale red, with erect ovate-acute teeth.
Bracteate Gaultheria. Shrub 1-i- foot.
16 G. ELLIPTICA (Cham, in Linna-a. 8. p. 502.) racemes,
corollas, and capsules, downy ; bracteas and calyxes ciliated,
the rest of the plant glabrous ; leaves elliptic, acute at both
ends, mucronate, marginated, rather coriaceous, finely and
equally serrulated, smooth and shining above, and beset with
black dots beneath, reticulately veined ; racemes terminal and
axillary, forming a panicle ; bracteas ovate-orbicular, obtuse,
concave, at first imbricated, and therefore the racemes appear
strobile-formed, fj . S. Native of the south of Brazil, where
it was collected by Sello. Very like G. acuminata, Cham, in
Linnasa, 5. p. 126. and G. ver,nalis, Pcepp. pi. chil. exsic. 3. no.
119. Prostrate and rooting. Corollas ovate-urceolate, in-
flated, downy outside and villous inside.
£iftvtte-leaved Gaultheria. Shrub creeping.
17 G. ACUMINA'TA (Schlecht. et Cham. 5. p. 126. and 7. p.
524.) shrubby, glabrous ; flowers racemose, axillary ; leaves on
short petioles, ovate, acuminated, acute, finely serrulated, coria-
ceous, reticulately veined, discoloured, full of black dots be-
neath, but scabrous on both surfaces from elevated dots ; serra-
tures mucronate. Jj . G. Native of Mexico, on Serra Colo-
rado ; and at St. Salvador and Malpays de Joya. Flowers
white. Fruit black. Leaves 3$ inches long.
Acuminated-\ea\eA Gaultheria. Shrub.
18 G. RETICULA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 284.)
branches and leaves glabrous ; leaves oblong, acutish at both
ends, serrulately crenulated, shining above ; racemes crowded
at the tops of the branches, axillary and terminal ; corollas gla-
brous. 1? . G. Native of the Andes of Quito, between Ona
and Loxa, in Paramo de Saraguru. Andromeda reticulata,
Humb. prol. p. 39. Leaves terminated by a sessile gland,
shining above. Racemes involucrated by some bracteas at the
base, downy. Corolla ovate, tubular, white, glabrous. Fruit
capsular.
Reticulated-leaved Gaultheria. Shrub.
19 G. COCCINEA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 284.) branches
rather pilose ; leaves roundish-ovate, acutish, rounded at the
base, denticulated, glabrous, shining above and dotted beneath ;
racemes terminal and axillary at the tops of the branches ;
corollas clothed with glandular hairs. Tj . S. Native of Carac-
cas, on Mount Avila. Andromeda coccinea, Humb. prol. p.
39. Leaves with black dot-like glands beneath. Racemes in-
volucrated by imbricate bracteas at the base. Flowers secund,
on long pedicels ; pedicels clothed with glandular hairs. Brac-
teas at the base of the pedicels concave, coloured, glandularly
ciliated. Corollas ovate, scarlet, clothed with glandular hairs.
Fruit capsular. ?
<Scar/e<-flowered Gaultheria. Shrub.
20 G. ODORAVTA (Humb. trav. 1. p. 397. and 599. nov. gen.
3. p. 285. Pers. ench. 1. p. 482.) branchlets beset with glan-
dular viscid hairs ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminately cuspidate,
cordate at the base, sharply denticulated, glabrous and shining
above, and scabrous from dots beneath ; racemes axillary and
terminal at the tops of the branches ; corollas pilose. Tj . S.
Native of New Andalusia, on Mount Tumiriquiri ; and on the
southern declivity of Mount Silla de Caraccas, where it is called
Pejoa by the natives ; and of Mexico, at Cuesta Grande de
Chiconquiaca. G. scabra, Willd. herb. Shrub much branched.
Leaves aromatic, 2 inches long, glandularly ciliated while young.
Racemes involucrated by some bracteas at the base. Flowers
secund, nutant. Pedicels beset with glandular hairs as well as
the rachis. Bracteas red, lanceolate, length of pedicels. Co-
rollas ovate, pale red. Fruit capsular.
Sweet-scented Gaultheria. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
21 G. CORDIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 285.
t. 261.) branchlets clammy, hispid ; leaves ovate, acute, cordate,
denticulated, rugose, glabrous and shining above, but hairy be-
neath ; racemes axillary and terminal at the tops of the branches ;
corollas clothed with clammy hairs. J; • G. Native of New
Granada, on the Andes near Almaguer and Pansitara, in rather
frigid places. Branches twining, ex Bonpl. Leaves 3^ inches
long. Pedicels and flowers beset with glandular hairs and
clammy. Bracteas oblong, acute, concave, ciliated with glandu-
lar hairs, and clothed with adpressed hairs outside, longer than
the pedicels. Calyx clammy, clothed with glandular hairs.
Corollas ovate, scarlet or purple.
Heart-leaved Gaultheria. Shrub.
22 G. RioiDA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 286.) branchlets
puberulous ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, cordate at the base,
sharply denticulated, glabrous, but a little ciliated ; racemes ax-
illary and terminal at the tops of the branches ; corollas gla-
brous. Tj . S. Native of the province of Cumana, on Mount
Cocollar. Andromeda rigida, Humb. trav. p. 397. Leaves
terminated by a sessile gland. Racemes involucrated by many
imbricated bracteas. Bracteas oblong, concave, ciliated, gla-
brous, coloured, longer than the pedicels. Pedicels and rachis
downy. Corollas ovate, scarlet.
Stiff Gaultheria. Tree small.
23 G. TOMENTOSA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 287. t. 262.)
ERICACEAE. XXXIX. GAULTHERIA. XL. EPIO^A. XLI. PHALEROCARPUS. XLII. CLETHRA.
841
branches and under sides of leaves clothed with rusty tomen-
tum ; leaves glabrous and shining above, lanceolate-oblong,
acute, obtuse at the base, with quite entire revolute margins ;
racemes axillary and terminal at the tops of the branches ;
corollas tomentose. fj . S. Native of the Andes, about
Quito, in Paramo de Saraguru. Leaves tomentose on both sur-
faces while young. Pedicels and calyxes clothed with rusty
down. Bracteas tomentose, ovate-oblong, much shorter than
the pedicels. Corolla ovate.
Tomentose Gaultheria. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
24 G. FERRCoixEA (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 1. p. 524.)
leaves ovate, acute, shining above, with serrulately scabrous
margins, clothed with rusty tomentum beneath, as well as the
racemes and flowers. fj . G. Native of Brazil, within the
tropic. Leaves often cordate at the base. Racemes bracteate,
erect, rising from the axils at the tops of the branches, the whole
forming a panicle. Corolla 3 lines long, with erect teeth.
Rusty Gaultheria. Shrub.
25 G. SCA'BRA (Willd. in nov. act. soc. berol. 4.) leaves ovate-
cordate, acute, toothed, scabrous, reticulately veined beneath ;
racemes axillary, simple ; calyx and bracteas clothed with glan-
dular liairs. fj . S. Native of Caraccas. Calyx baccate,
black.
Scabrous Gaultheria. Shrub.
26 G. ERE'CTA (Vent. hort. eels, p. 5. t. 5.) leaves ovate,
mucronate, clothed with rusty hairs ; branches and racemes
clothed with glandular clammy hairs, b . G. Native of Peru.
Leaves with revolute denticulated margins.
Erect Gaultheria. Shrub.
27 G. HISPIDA (R. Br. prod. p. 559.) leaves long-lanceolate,
serrulated, pilose beneath as well as on the petioles ; branchlets
hispid ; racemes axillary and terminal, shorter than the leaves ;
rachis and pedicels downy ; calyxes baccate ; fruit and ovaries
glabrous ; stem erect. Tj . F. Native of Van Diemen's Land.
Corollas white. ?
Hispid Gaultheria. Shrub erect.
28 G. RUPE'STRIS ; racemes simple, bracteate ; corollas cam-
panulate ; leaves oblong, serrulated, tj . F. Native of New
Zealand. Andromeda rupestris, Forst. prod. no. 195. Nearly
allied to the preceding.
Rock Gaultheria. Shrub erect.
29 G. ANTIPODA (Forst. prod. no. 186.) leaves roundish-
ovate, serrate-toothed, glabrous, reticulately veined; branches
downy ; stem diffuse ; racemes panicled, rather hairy ; corollas
glabrous. ^ . F. Native of New Zealand. Flowers white. ?
Antipodal Gaultheria. Shrub.
Cult. The species are ornamental : they thrive best in a peat
soil, and are readily increased by dividing or by layers. The
greenhouse species should be treated as other hardy greenhouse
shrubs.
XL. EPIGJi'A (from tin, epi, upon ; and yata, gaia, the
earth : the plant creeps upon the surface of the earth). Lin.
gen. no. 550. Schreb. gen. no. 240. Nutt. gen. arner. 1. p.
269. — Memecylum Mich. gen. 13.
Liu. SYST. Decdndria Monogy'nia. Calyx large, 5-parted,
furnished with 3 bracteas at the base. Corolla salver-shaped,
with a 5-parted spreading limb ; tube villous inside. Stamens
10. Capsule 5-celled, many-seeded. Placenta 5-parted. —
Creeping, tufted, evergreen shrubs. Flowers fragrant, in dense,
axillary, and terminal racemes.
1 E. RE' PENS (Lin. spec. 565.) branches, petioles, and nerves
of leaves very hairy ; leaves cordate-ovate, quite entire ; co-
rollas cylindrical. I; . H. Native from Canada to Carolina, on
shady rocks and in stony woods, sides of hills and roots of
pines. Andr. hot. rep. 102. Lam. ill. t. 367. f. 1. Lodd.
VOL. in.
hot. cab. 160.— Pluk. aim. t. 107. f. 1. Flowers white, tinged
with red, very fragrant.
Creeping Epigaea. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1736. Shrub
creeping.
2 E. CORDIFOLIA (Swartz, prod. 73. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 842.)
stem erectish, strigose ; leaves cordate, roundish, stiff, hispid,
serrated, convex ; corollas ovate, fj . S. Native of Guada-
loupe and Cayenne. Lam. ill. t. 367. f. 1. Flowers white. ?
Heart-leaved Epigaea. Shrub erectish.
Cult. E. repens is a beautiful procumbent shrub : it will
thrive only in peat soil and shady situations, and, being rather
tender, should have a hand-glass or frame placed over it in
frosty weather ; indeed, it grows best under a hand-glass or
frame the whole year : it is increased by layers or sepa-
rating the rooted shoots ; or by cuttings, which root rea-
dily in sand with a hand-glass over them. For the culture of
E. cordifolia see Agarista, p. 838.
XLI. PHALEROCA'RPUS (from <t>a\i,po{,Phaleros, white,
and ATop;roe, karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the colour of the
berries). Vaccinium, Lin. Gaultheria, Pursh. Oxycoccus,
Nutt. A'rbutus, Lam.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria Mtjnogy'nia. Calyx 4-cleft, bibrac-
teate at the base. Corolla short, campanulate, 4-cleft. Stamens
8 ; filaments hairy. ? Hypogynous disk 8-toothed. ? Anthers
semibifid. — A small creeping plant with hispid branches, small,
roundish-oval, acute leaves ; and axillary, solitary, nearly sessile,
white ? flowers. Habit of Wild Thyme.
1 P. SERPYLLIFOLIA ; Tj . H. Native from Canada to Penn-
sylvania. Mr. Nuttall has observed this plant north-westward
of Lake Michigan ; and, as Mr. Pursh very justly remarks,
abounding where evergreens are predominant, keeping pretty
constant pace with the northern forests of pines, larches, and
firs, growing always amidst sphagnum. Vaccinium hispidulum,
Lin. spec. 500. Michx. fl. 6. bor. amer. 1. p. 228. t. 23.
Gaultheria serpyllifolia, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 283. t. 13.
A'rbutus filiformis, Lam. diet. 1. p. 228. Berries white, pro-
duced in inconsiderable quantities. They are aromatic, not
very acid, and rather insipid than agreeable. The ^ shrub has
the same aromatic taste and smell as Gaultheria procumbent.
Wild Thyme-leaved Snowberry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1815.
Shrub creeping.
Cult. See Oxycoccus, p. 858, for culture and propagation.
XLII. CLE'THRA (from (cXqflpa, klethra, the Greek name
of the alder ; resemblance in leaves). Lin. gen. no. 553.
Schreb. gen. 751. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 301. t. 63. Juss. gen.
160. Gron. 43. Nutt. gen. 1. p. 275. H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 3. p. 288. — Cuellaria, Ruiz et Pav. syst. 103.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla so deeply 5-parted as to appear pentapetalous. Stamens
10, inclosed, or nearly so; anthers behind, at length inflexedly
pendulous and obverse, cordate, mucronate at the apex, mutic.
Ovarium free. Style straight. Stigma trifid. Capsule girded
by the calyx, 3-celled, with a loculicidal dehiscence ; cells many-
seeded. — Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate. Racemes ter-
minal, solitary or panicled. Flowers bracteate, white.
1 C. ALNIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 566.) leaves cuneate-obovate,
acute, coarsely serrated above, glabrous on both surfaces, and of
the same colour ; racemes spicate, simple, bracteate, clothed
with hoary tomentum. fj . H. Native from New England to
Virginia, in swamps, frequent. Schmidt, arb. 47. Lam. ill. 369.
Duh. arb. 1. p. 176. t. 71. Mill. fig. 28. Catesb. car. 1. t.
66. C. alnifolia, var. «, denudata, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 73.
Alder-leaved Clethra. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1731. Shrub 3
to 4 feet.
5 P
812
ERICACEAE. XLII. CLETHRA.
2 C. TOMENTOSA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 46.) leaves cuneate-obo-
vate, acute, finely serrated at top, clothed with white tomentum
beneath ; racemes spicate, simple, bracteate, villously tomen-
tose. TJ . H. Native of Virginia and Carolina, in swamps.
Wats. dend. brit. t. 89. C. alnifolia, /3, pubescens, Ait. hort.
kew. 2. p. 73. C. incana, Pers. ench. 1. p. 482. This is a very
distinct species, although it has been considered by some as a
mere variety of the preceding.
Tomentose Clethra. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1731. Shrub 3 to
4 feet.
3 C. SCA'BRA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 482.) leaves broad, cuneate-
obovate, acute, scabrous on both surfaces, coarsely serrated :
serratures hooked ; racemes spicate, subpanicled, bracteated.
finely tomentose. Tj . H. Native of the western parts of
Georgia, where it was collected by Mr. Lyon.
Scabrous Clethra. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1806. Shrub 3 to 4
feet.
4 C. PANICULA'TA (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 73.) leaves narrow,
cuneate-lanceolate, acute, acuminately serrated, glabrous on
both surfaces ; panicle terminal, elongated, composed of racemes,
and clothed with white tomentum, ^ . H. Native of Caro-
lina.
Panicle-flowered Clethra. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1770. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
5 C. ACUMINA'TA (Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 260.) leaves
oval, acuminated, bluntish at the base, serrated, glabrous on
both surfaces, rather glaucous beneath ; racemes spicate, almost
solitary, bracteate, clothed with white tomentum. I? . H.
Native of Carolina, on the high mountains. Lodd. bot. cab.
1427. C. montana, Batr. cat. Grows to the size of a tree.
Flowers resembling those of C. alnifolia.
Acuminated-leaved Clethra. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1806.
Tree 10 to 15 feet.
6 C. BRASILIE'NSIS (Cham, in Linnaea. 8. p. 510.) leaves obo-
vate, obtuse, rather retuse, acutish at the base, cuneated, gla-
brous above and tomentose beneath, almost quite entire, or
serrulately-toothed at the apex : teeth and apex mucronate ;
racemes forming panicles at the tops of the branches, tomen-
tose ; segments of corolla fringed ; genitals inclosed. Jj . S.
Native of tropical Brazil. The leaves vary much in form and
size. Tomentum of a rusty-colour.
Brazilian Clethra. Shrub or tree.
7 C. FAGIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 289.)
arboreous ; leaves obovate, sharply and remotely toothed, coria-
ceous, glabrous ; racemes clustered at the tops of the branches.
Jj . S. Native of South America, in woods near Bonavista, be-
tween Caraccas and La Victoria. Young branches angular, and
densely clothed with rusty down. Leaves 3-4 inches long,
paler beneath. Racemes clothed with rusty tomentum. Co-
rollas white, about the size of those of the lily of the valley.
Beach-leaved Clethra. Tree.
8 C. BICOLOR (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 289.) arboreous?
leaves oblong, coarsely and undulately crenated, coriaceous,
glabrous above, but clothed with white tomentum beneath ;
racemes in fascicles at the tops of the branches, fj . S. Na-
tive of South America, near Santa Fe de Bogota. Cuellaria
floribunda, Willd. herb. Branchlets angular, clothed with rusty
down, intermixed with stiff hairs, as well as the racemes.
Leaves 3-4 inches long, having the teeth intermixed with gland-
formed denticulations, while young having a few dot-formed
stellate hairs above. Corollas white.
Two-coloured-]eaved Clethra. Tree.
9 C. FIMBRIA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 290. t. 264.) arbo-
reous ; leaves elliptic-oblong, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous
above, but clothed with white tomentum beneath ; racemes in
fascicles at the tops of the branches ; stamens hardly inclosed.
1
\l . S. Native along with the preceding. Cuellaria rugosa,
Willd. herb. Branches glabrous, brown. Flowers sub-secund,
nutant, about the size of those of C. alnifolia. Pedicels, calyxes,
and rachi clothed with rusty tomentum. Corolla white, having
the segments emarginately 2-lobed, and laciniately fringed at the
"apex.
Fringed-fiowered Clethra. Tree.
10 C. FERRUGINEA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. vol. 4. t. 380. f. b.)
leaves oblong, quite entire, acuminated, excavated at the base.
Tj . G. Native of Peru, on the mountains of Pillao, Panao, and
Chinchao, in groves. Cuellaria ferruginea, Ruiz et Pav. syst.
p. 103. Branches, leaves, and racemes clothed with rusty hairs.
Racemes simple, fascicled at the tops of the branches. Flowers
rather large.
Rusty Clethra. Clt. 1800. Tree 15 feet.
11 C. OBOVA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 381.) leaves obo-
vate, wrinkled, denticulated. ^ • G. Native of Peru, in
forests about Cuchero. Cuellaria obovata, Ruiz et Pav. syst.
p. 103. Racemes long, fascicled at the tops of the branches.
Branches and leaves downy. Flowers small. — A tall tree. The
wood is very hard, and is made into utensils by the natives.
Oiocate-leaved Clethra. Tree tall.
12 C. REVOLU'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 380. f. a.) leaves
oblong, denticulated, revolute and excavated at the base. Tj .
G. Native of Peru, in forests towards Pillao. Cuellaria revo-
luta, Ruiz et Pav. syst. p. 103. Branches, leaves, and ra-
cemes downy. Racemes simple, fascicled at the tops of the
branches.
Revolute-\eaved Clethra. Tree 30 feet.
13 C. CANE'SCENS (Herb. Reinwdt. ex Blum, bijdr. p. 863.)
leaves cuneate-oblong, acute, serrulated at the apex ; panicle
terminal, clothed with canescent scurf; calycine segments ovate,
acute. Tj . G. Native of the Celebes, in woods, on the mountains.
Canescent panicled Clethra. Fl. Sept. Shrub.
14 C. TiNiF6nA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 845.) arboreous;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, quite entire, hoary beneath ; racemes
spike-formed, panicled at the tops of the branches, tomentose.
\} . G. Native of the south of Jamaica ; also of Mexico, near
Chiconquiaco. Tlnus occidentalis, Lin. spec. 530. Volkame-
ria, P. Browne, jam. 214. t. 21. f. 1. Sloan, jam. 2. p. 86. t.
198. f. 2. Flowers white. Sloane calls this tree Bastard
Locust tree.
Laurestine-leaved Clethra. Clt. 1825. Tree 12 to 14 feet.
15 C. ARBOREA (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 73.) leaves oblong,
attenuated, lanceolate, glabrous on both surfaces, serrated ;
racemes spike-formed, panicled at the tops of the branches ;
calycine segments obtuse. >2 . G. Native of Madeira. Sims,
bot. mag. 1057. Flowers white. There are several varieties
of this species ; a smaller variety, and a variegated-leaved one.
Tree Clethra. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1784. Tree 8 to 10
feet.
Cult. All the species of this genus are very ornamental.
The hardy kinds thrive best in peat earth, or a very light sandy
loam : they are dwarf shrubs, and are therefore well fitted for
the front of shrubberies, where the soil will suit. By layers is
the usual mode of increasing them, but they also strike root rea-
dily from cuttings in sand under a hand-glass. The greenhouse
kinds are well adapted for large conservatories, and they thrive
in the same kind of soil recommended for the hardy species.
Cuttings taken from wood not too ripe will strike root readily
in sand under a hand-glass. All may be raised from seeds,
which in most of the species ripen in plenty.
Tribe II.
RHODOXRE.53 (so called because the genera contained in it
agree with Rhodbra, or Rhododendron, in particular characters).
ERICACEAE. XLIII. RHODODENDRON.
843
D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 152. Rhodoraceae, Juss.
gen. 158. Anthers 2 -celled. Ovarium free. Hypogynous disk
nectariferous, rarely ornamented with scales. Buds strobile-
like from imbricated scales. Leaves flat, having the extremity
of the midrib callous.
XLIII. RHODODE'NDRON (from fiofav, rhodon, a rose,
and StvZpnv, dendron, a. tree ; in reference to the terminal bunches
of flowers, which are usually red). Lin. gen. no. 548. Schreb.
gen. no. 746. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 304. t. 63. Juss. gen. 158.
D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. prod. fl. nep. p. 152. — Azalea
species of authors. — Rhodora, Lin. — Chamaarhododendros,Tourn.
inst. t. 373.
LIN. SYST. Penta-Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted.
Corolla somewhat funnel-shaped, or campanulate ; rarely rotate
or 5-parted ; limb 5-cleft, somewhat bilabiate ; upper lip the
broadest, and usually spotted. Stamens 5-10, usually exserted,
declinate ; anthers opening by 2 terminal pores. Capsule 5-celled,
5-valved, rarely 10-celled and 10-valved, as in R. arboreum,
with a septicidal dehiscence at the apex. Placentas simple, an-
gular. Seeds compressed, scobiform, winged. — Shrubs or trees,
usually evergreen. Leaves alternate, quite entire, terminated
by a spacelate apex, or yellow gland. Flowers terminal, corym-
bose, showy.
SECT. I. PO'NTICUM. Limb of calyx short, 5-lobed. Co-
rolla campanulate. Stamens 10. Ovarium 5-celled. — Leaves
coriaceous, evergreen.
1 R. PO'NTICUM (Lin. spec. 562.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
glabrous on both surfaces, attenuated towards the thick petioles,
with a streak on the upper surface, of a wide lanceolate form ;
racemes short, corymbose. Tj . H. Native of Asia Minor, at
Pontus ; and of Gibraltar, Iberia, and Caucasus, in wet places in
beech and alder coppices. Pall. fl. ross. 1. p. 43. t. 29. Jacq.
icon. rar. 1. t. 78. Lam. ill. 364. Curt. bot. mag. 650. Leaves
sometimes becoming ferruginous beneath. Corolla purple, large,
with ovate, acute, or lanceolate segments. Calyx minute, 5-
toothed, somewhat cartilaginous. This is a very common plant,
of which there are a great many varieties. The most remark-
able are those with white, red, or bluish flowers, and striped
leaves. Tournefort has related that the flowers of this species
were reputed to impart a noxious quality to honey ; this Giilden-
stadt contradicts, and imputes it to Azalea Pontica.
far. ft, obtusum (Wats, dendr. brit. t. 162.) leaves subcordate,
coriaceous, obtuse ; calyx very short, unequally and undulately
crenated. ^ • H. Native of Pontus. Shrub 3-4 feet high.
Flowers purple.
Var. y, myrtifbliitm (Lodd. bot. cab. 908.) leaves small ;
flowers purple. ^ . H. Native of Gibraltar.
Var. S, Smilhii (Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 50.) leaves lanceolate,
clothed with white tomentum beneath ; corymbs many-flowered ;
ovarium tomentose, 10-celled ; flowers of a rosy purple, ap-
proaching to crimson, elegantly spotted with black. ^ . H. A
hybrid, raised by Mr. Smith, of Coombe Wood, from the seed of
R . Ponticum, impregnated by the pollen of R. arboreum.
Pontic Rhododendron or Rose-bay. Fl. May, June. Clt.
1763. Shrub 6 to 12 feet.
2 R. MA'XIMDM (Lin. spec. p. 563.) arborescent ; leaves
elliptic-oblong, acute, convex, bluntish at the base, whitish or
rusty beneath, glabrous ; calycine segments oval-obtuse : seg-
ments of corolla roundish. T? . H. Native from Canada to
Carolina, on the mountains near rivulets and lakes. Sims, bot.
mag. 951. Lam. ill. 364.— Schmidt, abr. t. 121. — Mill. fig. 229.
— Catesb. car. 3. t. 17. f. 2. Flowers pale red, in umbellate
corymbs, studded with green, yellow, or purple protuberances.
Largest Rhododendron or American Rose-bay. Fl. June,
Aug. Clt. 1736. Shrub 10 to 15 feet.
3 R. FURPU'REUM ; arboreous ; leaves large, oblong-elliptic,
flattish, acute, bluntish at the base, green and glabrous on both
surfaces ; segments of corolla oblong, obtuse. Fj . H. Native
of Virginia and Carolina, on the highest mountains, near lakes.
R. maximum y, purpureum, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 297.
Flowers large, purple. Calycine segments obtuse. This shrub
approaches near to R. Ponticum, but it differs in its foliaceous
calyx, and otherwise. It grows to an immense size ; its stem
is often found 18 inches and more in diameter, and its foliage
triple the size of any other species.
Parp/e-flowered Rhododendron. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? Tree
20 feet.
4 R. PU'RSHII : arborescent ; leaves cuneate-lanceolate, flat,
glabrous, tapering gradually to the base, paler beneath ; caly-
cine segments oval, obtuse ; segments of corolla roundish-
oblong. !?. H. Native of New Jersey and Delaware, in
shady cedar swamps. R. maximum ft, album, Pursh, fl. amer.
sept. 1. p. 297. Flowers white, smaller than those of R.
mdximum.
Pursh' s Rhododendron. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1811. Shrub
6 to 8 feet
5 R. MACROPHY'LLUM (D. Don, mss. in herb. Lamb.) leaves
lanceolate, acute, glabrous on both surfaces, as well as the pe-
duncles, rounded at the base ; ovarium bristly. Vj . H. Native
of the north-west coast of America, where it was collected by
Menzies. Petioles an inch long. Leaves 7-8 inches long.
Flowers copious, smaller than those of R. mdximum, white. Caly-
cine lobes short, rounded. Filaments glabrous.
Long-leaved Rhododendron. Shrub.
6 R. CATAWBIE'NSE (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 258.) leaves
short-oval, rounded, and obtuse at both ends, glabrous, of a
different colour beneath ; ealycine segments elongated, oblong.
Tj . H. Native on the high mountains of Virginia and Caro-
lina, particularly on the head waters of the Catawba River.
Sims, bot. mag. 1671. Lodd. bot. cab. 1176. Flowers purple,
disposed in umbellate corymbs.
Var. ft, Russellianum (Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 91.) leaves oblong,
finely tomentose beneath ; corymbs many-flowered ; flowers of
a bright rosy red, approaching to crimson. ^ . H. A hybrid,
raised from the seed of R. Catawbiense, impregnated by the
pollen of R. arboreum, by Mr. Russell, of Battersea.
Catanba Rhododendron. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1809. Shrub
4 feet.
7 R. BRACHYCA'RPUM (D. Don, mss. in herb. Lamb.) leaves
elliptic-oblong, obtuse, clothed with rusty tomentum beneath,
rounded at the base ; ovaries 5-celled, and are as well as the
peduncles hairy. ? ^ . H. Native of Japan. Petioles half
an inch long. Leaves 3 inches long. Calycine lobes very
short, roundish, revolute, callous. Style elongated. Stigma
clavate.
Short-fruited Rhododendron. Shrub.
8 R. CHRYSA'NTHUM (Lin.
syst. 405. suppl. 237.) leaves
acutish, attenuated at the base,
oblong, glabrous, reticulately
veined, and of a rusty colour
beneath ; flowers and buds
clothed with rusty tomentum ;
pedicels hairy ; calyx hardly
any ; segments of the corolla
rounded ; ovarium tomentose.
1? . H. Native of Siberia, on
the highest mountains, and of
Caucasus. Pall. itin. append.
p. 729. no. 87. t. N. f. 1-2.
fl. ross. 1. p. 44. t. 30. Woodv.
med. bot. 433. t. 149. Plenk,
5 p 2
FIG. 141.
844
ERICACEAE. XLIII. RHODODENDRON.
par. lond. t. 80. — Gmel. sib. 4. t. 54. R. officinale, Salisb.
p. 121. t. 54. Branches decumbent, beset with rusty stipula-
formed scales. Flowers handsome, large, drooping, revolute,
rather irregular, yellow. Stigma 5-lobed. The plant and its
effects were first described by Gmelin and Steller, who men-
tion it as used in Siberia for the cure of rheumatism : with us it
is used in decoction as a substitute for Colchicum. (F. 141.)
reborn-flowered Rhododendron. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1796.
Shrub |- to 1 foot.
9 R. CAUCA'SICUM (Pall. fl. ross. 1. p. 46. t. 30.) leaves ovate-
oblong, clothed with rusty tomentum beneath, rugged and green
above ; peduncles hairy ; bracteas elongated, tomentose ; ova-
rium downy. % . H. Native of Caucasus, on high rocks, near
the limits of perpetual snow. Sims, hot. mag. 1145. Root
creeping. Branches procumbent. Flowers purple or white,
disposed in umbellate corymbs. Corollas rotate, with wavy
rounded segments.
Caucasian Rhododendron. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1803. Shrub 1
foot.
10 R. PUNCTA'TUM (Andr. bot. rep. 36. Vent. eels. t. 15.)
leaves oval-lanceolate, acute at both ends, glabrous, beset with
rusty resinous dots beneath ; pedicels short ; calycine teeth
short ; segments of corolla ovate, a little undulated. Tj . H.
Native of Carolina, on the mountains, particularly on the head
waters of the Savannah River. Sims, bot. mag. .2285. R. ferru-
gineum, var. minus, Pers. ench. 1. p. 478. R. minus, Michx. fl.
bor. amer. 1. p. 258. R. punctatum, var. minus, Wats, dendr.
brit. 162. A. An elegant shrub. Flowers pink, disposed in
umbellate corymbs. Corollas funnel-shaped. Capsules elongated.
Var. ft, majus (Ker. bot. reg. 37.) leaves and flowers larger.
Z>otted-leaved Rhododendron. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1786.
Shrub 4 feet.
11 R. FERRUGI'NEUM (Lin. spec. 562.) leaves oblong, attenu-
ated at both ends, glabrous, shining and green above, but thickly
beset with rusty dots beneath ; calycine segments dentately cili-
ated, fj . H. Native of the Alps of Europe, as of Switzer-
land, Austria, Savoy, Dauphiny, and Piedmont, where this and
R. hirsutum terminate ligneous vegetation, and furnish the shep-
herds with their only fuel. Jacq. obs. 1. p. 26. t. 16. fl. austr. 3.
t. 255. Lodd. bot. cab. 65. — Lob. icon. 366. Leaves like those
of the box-tree, when young ciliated with a few hairs at bottom.
Flowers of a beautiful rose-colour or scarlet, disposed in umbel-
late corymbs, marked with ash-coloured or yellow dots. Co-
rollas funnel-shaped. Filaments hairy at bottom.
Var. ft, Jlore-albo; flowers white.
Rusty-leaved Rhododendron. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1752.
Shrub 1 foot.
12 R. HiRsuVuM (Lin. spec. 562.) leaves ovate-lanceolate or
elliptic, acutish, ciliated with rusty hairs on the margins, glabrous
above, dotted and hairy beneath ; calycine segments fringed,
bearded. ^ • H. Native of the Alps of Europe, as of Switzer-
land, Austria, Styria, Dauphiny, &c. Jacq. austr. 1. t. 98.
Sims, bot. 1853. Lodd. bot. cab. 479. — Lob. icon. 468. Very
like R. ferrugineum. Flowers pale red or scarlet, disposed
in umbellate corymbs. Corollas funnel-shaped.
Var. ft, variegdtum; leaves edged with yellow.
Hairy Rhododendron. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1656. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
13 R. SETOSUM (D. Don, in wern. soc. trans. 3. p. 408. prod,
fl. nep. 152.) branchlets beset with bristles ; leaves oval, mu-
cronate, bristly on the margins and under surfaces ; pedicels
beset with glandular hairs ; calycine segments rounded, coloured,
naked, crenulated. Jj . F. Native of Nipaul, on Gosaingsthan.
A small, stiff, much-branched shrub. Leaves •£ an inch long.
Flowers purple, size of those of R. Dauricum, disposed in um-
bellate corymbs. Calyx purple. Filaments bearded at the base.
Stigma capitate.
Bristly Rhododendron. Fl. ? Clt. 1825. Shrub j to 1 ft.
SECT. II. BobRAM (the name of the first species in Nipaul).
Limb of calyx 5-lobed. Corolla campanulate. Stamens 10.
Ovarium 8 or 10-celled. Leaves coriaceous, evergreen. — Species
all natives of India.
14 R. ARBOREUM (Smith, exot. bot. t. 6.) leaves lanceolate,
acute, silvery beneath, tapering to the base ; peduncles and ca-
lyxes woolly ; segments of corolla 2-lobed, with crenulately
curled margins ; capsule 10-celled, tomentose. Tj . F. Native
of Nipaul, on the mountains at Narainhetty, where it is called
Booram by the natives. Hook. exot. fl. 168. Lindl. bot. reg.
t. 896. Sweet, fl. gard. 3. t. 250. R. purpureum, Hamilt. mss.
Tree very showy when in blossom. Leaves 4-6 inches long.
Flowers large, scarlet, dotted with black on the upper lip inside,
disposed in dense heads. Stigma capitate, crenulated.
Tree Rhododendron. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1820. Tree
20 feet.
15 R. A'LBUM (Hamilt. mss. Sweet, fl. gard. 1. 148.) leaves lan-
ceolate, wrinkled and dark green above, but of a rusty cinnamon
colour beneath; alternate filaments toothed, fj . F. Native of Ni-
paul. R. arboreum y, floribus niveis, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 1 54.
Wall. pi. asiat. var. 2. t. 123. Flowers white, spotted with pur-
ple on the upper lip. Dr. Wallich considers this and R. arboreum
to be only varieties of each other.
JF/w'te- flowered Rhododendron. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1818.
Tree 10 feet.
16 R. CINNAMOMEUM (Wall. cat. no. 760.) leaves lanceolate,
acute, obtuse at the base, clothed with intense rusty tomentum
beneath ; limb of calyx short, callous, 5-lobed ; ovarium tomen-
tose, 10-celled. tj . F. Native of Nipaul. Very nearly allied
to R. arboreum, and hardly distinct from that species. Leaves
3-4 inches long. Corolla with wavy cloven segments, appa-
rently white. Capsule an inch long. Perhaps the same as R.
album.
Cinnamon-coloured-leaved Rhododendron. Fl. June. Clt.
1817. Tree.
17 R. BARBA'TUM (Wall. cat. no. 757.) leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, acute, obtuse at the base, yellowish beneath ; calycine seg-
ments dilated, membranous; ovarium 10-celled, glandular, his-
pid ; petioles and mid-rib of leaves bristly ; filaments glabrous,
toothless. Pj . F. Native of Nipaul. Habit of R. arboreum.
Leaves a span long. Corolla dark red, with broad rounded
cloven segments. Ovarium thickly beset with glanduliferous
bristles.
Bearded Rhododendron. Tree.
18 R.? LINEARIFOLIUM (Poir. suppl.exSpreng.syst. 2. p.
293.) leaves linear, coriaceous, obtuse,, with revolute edges,
clothed with rusty down beneath ; flowers corymbose ; calyx
minute, obtuse, velvety. ^ . F. Native of the East Indies.
Linear-leaved Rhododendron. Shrub.
19 R. CAMPANBLA'TUM (D. Don, in wern. mem. 3. p. 409.
prod. fl. nep. 153.) leaves elliptic-oblong, mucronate, rusty be-
neath, rather cordate at the base ; segments of corolla flat,
emarginate ; ovarium 6-celled, glabrous. fj . F. Native of
Nipaul, on Gosaingsthan, a high mountain to the north of the
valley. Lodd. bot. cab. 1944. Sweet, fl..gard. n. s. t. 241.
Under surfaces of leaves clothed with fine scaly pubescence, at
first of a purplish hue, afterwards changing to nearly white, and
finally to a deep ferruginous brown. Flowers copious, disposed
in corymbose clusters. Pedicels glabrous. Bracteas fringed.
Corollas large, pale pink, changing to white, having the upper
lip marked with irregular purple spots. Filaments bearded at
the base. This species surpasses all others in the size of its
flowers, except one found in Java by Dr. Horsefield.
Campanulate-ftov/ered. Rhododendron. Fl. April. Clt. 1817.
Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
ERICACEAE. XLIII. RHODODENDRON.
845
20 R. FORMOSUM (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 3. p. 3. t. 207,) leaves
lanceolate, acute, attenuated at the base, beset with rusty dots
beneath ; segments of corolla entire, flat ; filaments bearded ;
ovarium 10-celled. fj . F. Native of Nipaul. Leaves an inch
and a half long. Flowers about the size of those of R. Ponlicum,
white, suffused with red. Limb of calyx short.
Shony Rhododendron. Shrub.
SECT. III. POGONA'NTHUM (from jroiywv, pogon, a beard ; and
avdoc, anthos, a flower; throat of corolla woolly inside). Limb
of calyx short, 5-lobed. Corolla salver-shaped, with a cylindrical
tube, and a spreading limb. Stamens 8, inclosed. Ovarium
5-celled. — Leaves evergreen, coriaceous.
21 R. ANTHOp6ooN (D. Don, in mem. wern. soc. 3. p. 409.)
branchlets downy ; leaves oval, rusty beneath from lepidoted
tomentum ; corollas with a woolly throat. I? . F. Native of
Nipaul, on Gosaingsthan. R. aromaticum, Wall. cat. Shrub
much branched. Leaves ending in a reflexed mucrone,
naked above. Flowers glomerate, sulphur-coloured. Pedicels
short, lepidoted and resinous. Calycine segments rounded at
the apex, with villous margins. Segments of corolla roundish,
with undulately curled margins. Filaments glabrous. Stigma
clavate.
Bearded-flowered Rhododendron. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 1 to 1| foot.
SECT. IV. LEPIPHERUM (from \firif, lepis, a scale ; and <f>£pu>,
phero, to bear ; leaves covered with small scales.) Limb of calyx
dilated, 5-lobed. Corolla campanulate or rotate. Stamens 10.
Ovarium 5-celled. — Leaves membranous, sometimes deciduous.
22 R. LEPIDOTUM (Wall. cat. 758.) every part of the plant is
beset with ferruginous scale-like dots ; leaves spatulate or lan-
ceolate, attenuated at the base, beset with round scale-like dots,
as well as the branchlets, ferruginous beneath ; calycine segments
rounded ; corollas short, campanulate, lepidoted, with roundish
entire lobes ; capsules also lepidoted ; filaments woolly at the
base. Tj . F. Native of Nipaul. A widely-branched shrub,
with the habit of R. Dauricum. Leaves of a thinner texture,
about an inch long. Flowers as well as the capsule covered
with round rust-coloured scales. Flowers deep pink, solitary
or 2-5 together, terminal, on short filiform pedicels.
Scaly-doited Rhododendron. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
23 R. LAPPONICUM (Wahl. fl. suec. p. 249.) shrub branched,
procumbent ; branches divaricate ; corollas rotately funnel-
shaped ; leaves oblong, obtuse, stiff, beset with foveolate dots,
yellowish and lepidoted beneath, fy . H. Native of the Arctic
regions of Europe, Asia, and North America. Azalea Lappo-
nica, Lin. fl. suec. p. 64. spec. 214. fl. lapp. ed. Smith, p. 59.
t. 6. f. 1. Hook. bot. mag. 3106. Young branches obscurely
pubescent, warted. Leaves deep green above, pale green and at
length yellowish beneath, thickly beset with hollow dots on both
surfaces, which are covered by umbilicate permanent scales.
Flowers crimson, disposed in umbellate corymbs, 5-6 together,
surrounded by large dotted scales or bracteas. Calyx covered
with yellow scales, ciliated. Segments of corolla unequal, un-
dulated. Stamens 5-8, equal in length to the corolla. Stigma
capitate, 5-lobed. Filaments hairy at the base.
Lapland Rhododendron. Fl. July. Clt. 1825. Shrub pro-
cumbent.
24 R. DAU'RICUM (Lin. spec. 562.) deciduous ; leaves oblong,
attenuated at both ends, glabrous, lepidoted from rusty scales,
particularly beneath ; limb of calyx 5-toothed ; corollas rotate.
(7 . H. Native of Siberia, peculiar to the alpine tracts of East-
ern Asia ; it appears first at the mouth of the river Yenesee, and
beyond that, especially from the river Uda, in the pine woods, it
begins to be common ; but about the Baikal it is most abundant,
and extends through the deserts of the Mongols to China and
Thibet ; at the Lena it becomes more rare, and beyond that it is
much dwarfer, with more slender flowers and narrower leaves.
Pall. fl. ross. 1. p. 47. t. 32. Andr. bot. rep. t. 4. Curt. bot.
mag. t. 636. Lodd. bot. cab. 605. — Amm. ruth. 181. t. 21.
Roots knobbed, bound by fibres. Stems twisted and knobbed
in the wild state. Petioles downy. Leaves dotted on both sur-
faces, but ferruginous beneath ; before the fall in autumn they
become of a dusky red colour. The flowers rise before the leaves
from the tops of the branches, from buds which are composed
of concave downy scales. Corollas purple.
Var. ft, atrovirens (Ker. bot. reg. t. 194.) evergreen ; leaves
deep green and shining above. Tj . H. Native of Siberia.
Sims, bot. mag. 1888.
Daurian Rhododendron. Fl. March, Dec. Clt. 1780. Shrub
2 to 6 feet.
SECT. V. CHAMJECISTUS (from -^afiat, chamai, on the ground ;
and cistus, the rock-rose : plants with the habit of species of
Helianthemum. Limb of calyx foliaceous, 5-cleft. Corolla
rotate. Stamens 10. Ovarium 5-celled. — Leaves small, mem-
branous, evergreen.
25 R. CAMTSCHA'TICUM (Pall. fl. ross. 1. p. 48. t. 33.) leaves
obovate, acutish, 5-nerved, naked, ciliated ; peduncles hairy,
usually twin ; calycine segments ciliated, foliaceous. fj . H.
Native of Kamtschatka and the Aleutian Islands, in muddy
places on the mountains. Gmel. sib. 4. p. 126. no. 13. Corollas
purple, rotate. A prostrate shrub.
Kamtschatka Rhododendron. Fl. July. Clt. 1802. Shrub
prostrate.
26 R. CHAM.ECISTUS (Lin. spec. 562.) leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, attenuated at both ends, stiffish, glandularly ciliated ; pe-
duncles usually twin, and are as well as the calyxes beset with
glandular hairs. Ij . H. Native of the Alps of Europe; as
of Austria, Carniola, Mount Baldo, and near Salzburgh ; and
in Eastern Siberia. Jacq. fl. austr. 3. t. 217. Curt. bot. mag.
t. 488. Lodd. bot. cab. 1491 — Mich. gen. 225. t. 106. — Pluk.
phyt. t. 23. f. 4. Corollas rotate, pale purple. A dwarf tufted
shrub, with small leaves, about the size of those of a species of
Helianthemum.
Ground-Cistus Rhododendron. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1786.
Shrub -| foot.
SECT. VI. TSUTSU'TSI (the Chinese name of the first species).
Limb of calyx foliaceous, 5-cleft. Corolla campanulate. Stamens
5-10. Ovarium 5-celled. — Leaves membranous, evergreen,
hispid from pili.
27 R. I'NDICUM (Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. 128.) branches strigose;
leaves cuneate-lanceolate, finely crenulated, strigose, attenuated
at both ends ; calycine teeth long-lanceolate, obtuse, ciliated,
spreading ; flowers terminal, solitary or twin, decandrous.
(7 . S. Native of China. Much cultivated in Japan for the
sake of its elegant flowers. Azalea I'ndica, Lin. spec. 214.
Thunb. jap. 8t. Sims, bot. mag. 1480. Lodd. bot. cab. 275. —
Herm. lugdb. 152. t. 153. Tsut-sut-si, Kcempf. amoen. 845.
t. 146. Flowers showy, scarlet or red.
Var. ft, pulchrum (Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. 117.) calyx very
hairy, with subulate segments ; leaves elliptic, acute ; flowers
decandrous, terminal, 2-3 together. ^ . G. A hybrid between
R. ledifolium, impregnated by the pollen of R. I'ndicum. R.
I'ndicum, var. y, SmJthii, Sweet, hort. brit. 2. p. 343. Co-
rollas large, of a deep rosy purple, spotted with deep red
inside.
Var. y, ignescens (Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. 128.). The four
lower segments of the corolla flame-coloured, and the superior
one lilac, and obsoletely dotted. )j . S. Native of China.
846
ERICACE/E. XLIII. RHODODENDRON.
Var. I, aurantlacum ; flowers of orange-red colour. T; • G.
Native of China.
Var. c, luteum (Sweet, 1. c.) flowers double, yellow.
Far. £, variegatum (Blum.bijdr. 851.) leaves obovate, covered
with white strigose bristles ; flowers rose-coloured, variegated
with white. Jj . G. Native of China.
Var. n, spatulatum (Blum, bijdr. 852.) leaves spatulate, mucro-
nate, beset with rusty strigae ; flowers rose-coloured, T; . G.
Native of China and Japan.
Far, 3, grandiflorum (Blum.bijdr. 853.) leaves oblong-spatu-
late, mucronate, beset with white bristles or strigae ; flowers
large, solitary, deep rose-coloured, Tj . G. Native of China
and Japan.
Far. i, angustifblium (Blum. 1. c.) leaves narrow-lanceolate.
Var. K, floribundum (Blum. 1. c.) leaves narrow, cuneate-lan-
ceolate, beset with rusty strigae ; stem much branched, fj . G.
Native of China and Japan.
Indian Rhododendron. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1808. Shrub
3 to 6 feet.
28 R. SCA'BRUM; leaves ovate, mucronulate, acute at the
base, ribbed beneath, beset with adpressed bristles, as well
as the branchlets and peduncles ; flowers decandrous ; filaments
papillose ; anthers corniculate at the base ; stigma dilated,
fj . G. Native of Japan, in woods on mountains. R. maximum,
Thunb. fl. jap. p. 181. Flowers deep rose-coloured, campanu-
late, usually twin. Lobes of corolla oblong, obtuse, twice longer
than the tube. Stamens exserted. Calycine segments oval,
obtuse, ciliated. Leaves 1| to 3 inches long, coriaceous. Corolla
3 inches in diameter.
Scabrous Rhododendron. Shrub.
29 R. MACRA'NTHUM ; leaves opposite or 3 in a whorl, obovate
or lanceolate, mucronulate, shining, clothed with adpressed bris-
tles ; flowers pentandrous ; calycine segments lanceolate, acute,
deeply toothed, bristly ; filaments glabrous. Tj . G. Native of
Japan. Azalea macranthum, Bunge, in mem. acad. petersb. 2.
p. 115. R, nitens, D. Don, mss. Stems several, rising from
the root-stock, 2-4 feet long, procumbent, naked. Branches
fascicled, leafy at the tips, beset with adpressed silvery bristles,
which change to brown, as well as the calyxes. Flowers soli-
tary or in pairs, nearly sessile, involucrated by bracteas. Co-
rollas large, of a brilliant salmon-colour, glabrous outside ;
the limb spreading with oblong blunt lobes ; the upper lobes
marked with deeper coloured spots. There is a variety of this
species, having the flowers pale pink and striped.
Large-lowered Rhododendron. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1833.
Shrub procumbent, 2 to 3 feet.
30 R. RETICULA'TUM (D. Don, mss.) leaves broadly ovate,
acute, rather coriaceous, sparingly hairy, glaucous and reticu-
lately veined beneath. Ij . G. Native of Japan, on the moun-
tains, and has been lately introduced by Mr. Knight, of King's
Road, Chelsea. Stems erect, a foot or 2 feet high, stiff. Leaves
stiff, 1 1 inch long, rounded at the base, bright green and shining
above, beset with a few adpressed bristles as well as the young
shoots. Flowers not seen.
Reticulated-]eaved Rhododendron. Fl. ? Clt. 1834. Shrub.
31 R. FARRE'R.S: (Tate, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 95.)
branches stiff", villous while young, but glabrous in the adult
state ; leaves stiff", coriaceous, ovate, obtuse, ending in a short
cartilaginous mucrone, attenuated at the base, nerved and reticu-
lately veined, hairy on both surfaces, with somewhat recurved
ciliated edges ; petioles ciliated at the base ; flowers terminal,
solitary. ^ . G. Native of China, from whence it was brought
by Capt. Farrer. Calyx pilose, 5-lobed. Corolla spreading,
with undulated segments, lilac or pale purple-red. A dwarf
deciduous shrub. Flowers decandrous.
Farrer' s Rhododendron. Fl. March. Clt. 1829. Shrub.
32 R. PHOZNICEUM ; hairy ; leaves oblong-obovate, tapering :
into the petioles at the base ; flowers collected at the tops of the
branches, large, decandrous ; stamens short ; calyx erect, glan-
dular, and viscid, fj . S. Native of China. Azalea I'ndica,
var. phcenicea, Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. 128. Azalea I'ndica y,
Hook. bot. mag. 2667. Azalea ledifolia ft, phcenicea, Hook.
hot. mag. 3239. Flowers purple, having the upper segments
spotted.
Var. ft, flore plena (Hook. bot. mag. 2509.) flowers double,
purple. Lodd. bot. cab. 1461.
Purple Rhododendron. Fl. May. Clt. 1824. Shrub 3 to
10 feet.
33 R. LEDIFOLIUM ; the whole shrub is hairy; leaves-elliptic-
lanceolate, opaque ; flowers by threes at the extremity of the
branches, decandrous ; calyx erect, glandular and viscid ; sta-
mens unequal. Tj . G. Native of China, about Pekin. Azalea
ledifolia, Hook. bot. mag. 2901. Azalea I'ndica, var. alba,
Lindl. bot. reg. t. 811. Lodd. bot. cab. 1253. Rhod. leucan-
thum, Bunge, in mem. acad. petersb. 2. p. 115. Flowers showy,
pure white.
Ledum-leaved Rhododendron. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1819.
Shrub 2 to 6 feet.
34 R. MUCRONAVTUM ; much branched ; branches pilose ;
leaves cuneate-oblong, mucronate, clothed with clammy hairs ;
flowers in fascicles ; calycine segments long-acuminated, pilose ;
flowers octandrous and decandrous, fj . G. Native of China.
Flowers white. Azalea mucronata, Blum, bljdr. p. 853. —
Perhaps the same as R. kdifolium.
Mucronate-\e&ved Rhododendron. Shrub.
35 R. BURMA'NNI ; leaves linear-lanceolate, long-acuminated,
with recurved margins, clothed with silky villi on both surfaces.
1? . G. Native of Japan. Azalea rosmarinifolia, Burm. ex
Blum, bijdr. p. 853. but not of Roth. Flowers pentandrous.
Burmann's Rhododendron. Shrub.
36 R. MOLLIS ; branchlets pilose ; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
acute, narrowed at the base, ciliated, very soft beneath ; flowers
in fascicles ; calyx very short ; tube clothed with silky tomen-
tum ; flowers pentandrous. ? Tj.G. Native of China. Azalea
mollis, Blum, bijdr. p. 853.
Soft Rhododendron. Shrub.
37 R. LOUREIRIA'NA ; leaves lanceolate, quite entire, rugose
about the edges, smooth ; corolla white, dotted with red, as
also the calyx, anthers, and germs. Tj . G. Native of Cochin-
china. Azalea punctata, Lour. coch. p. 113. Flowers disposed
in terminal heaps.
Loureiro's Rhododendron. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
38 R. DECU'MBENS (D. Don, mss.) stems decumbent ; leaves
ovate, acute; flowers pentandrous; segments of the calyx ovate,
acute, ciliated. T? . G. Native of China, from whence it has
been lately introduced by Knight and Tate. Flowers crimson.
Decumbent Rhododendron. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1833.
Shrub decumbent.
39 R. SINE'NSE (Sweet, fl. gard. 290.) leaves slowly deci-
duous, elliptic, acutish, pilosely pubescent, feather-nerved, with
ciliated margins, canescent beneath ; corollas downy ; stamens
equal in length to the limb of the corolla. >j . G. Native of
China. Azalea Sinensis, Lodd. bot. cab. 885. Flowers flame-
coloured, pentandrous.
Far. ft, flavescens (Sweet, fl. gard. 290.) flowers yellow.
Chinese Rhododendron. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
SECT. VII. PENTANTHE'RA (from irtvTf, pente, five; and
av$r)pa, anthera, an anther ; flowers pentandrous). Limb of
calyx short, 5-lobed. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens 5.
Ovarium 5-celled. Leaves deciduous.
ERICACEAE. XLIII. RHODODENDRON.
847
40 R. FLA'VUM ; flowers leafy, clammy ; leaves ovate, oblong,
pilose, ciliated ; corolla funnel-shaped ; stamens very long. Jj . H.
Native of the Levant, at Pontus; Caucasus, Turkey, &c. Azalea
Pontica, Lin. spec. 1669. Curt. hot. mag. t. 433. Azalea ar-
bdrea, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 150. — Buxb. cent. 5. p. 36. t. 69.
Flowers fine yellow. Leaves shining. There are a great num-
ber of varieties of this species in the gardens, differing princi-
pally in the colour of the flowers, and the hue of the leaves.
The flowers are of all shades, from yellow to copper or orange-
colour. They are sometimes white, (see Sims, bot. mag. 2383.),
and are sometimes striped with yellow and red.
Yellorv-fiowered Rhododendron. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1793.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
41 R. NUDIFLORUM (Torr. fl. un. st. 1. p. 140.) leaves lanceo-
late-oblong, nearly smooth and green on both surfaces, ciliated
on the margins, having the mid-rib bristly beneath, and woolly
above ; flowers rather naked, not clammy ; tube of corolla
longer than the divisions ; teeth of calyx short, rather rounded ;
stamens much exserted. Tj • H. Native from Canada to
Georgia, on the sides of hills. Azalea nudifiora, Lin. spec. 214.
Azalea periclymenoides, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 151. This
beautiful shrub has a great many varieties, besides those men-
tioned below, for which see Loud. hort. brit. p. 66. and supple-
ment, among which is one with double flowers. Flowers scar-
let, pink, white, striped, variegated, red, purple, &c., disposed
in terminal clustered racemes, appearing before the leaves. The
variety ij proves clearly that Azalea and Rhododendron are not
generically distinct.
Var. a, coccineum (Sims, bot. mag. 180.) flowers scarlet ;
leaves lanceolate. Jj . H. Native of Georgia, near Savannah.
Var. ft, rutilans (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 152.) flowers
deep red ; calyxes minute, f; . H. Ait. hort. kew. p. 319.
Far. y, c&rneum (Pursh,!. c.) corollas pale red, having the tube
red at the base ; calyx foliaceous. J? • H. Ait. 1. c. Ker. bot.
reg. 120.
Var. S, album (Pursh, 1. c.) flowers white ; calyx middle-
sized. T? . H. Ait. 1. c.
Var. t, papilionaceum (Pursh, 1. c.) flowers reddish, with the
lower segment white ; calyx foliaceous. Tj . H. Ait. 1. c.
Far. £, parlllum (Pursh, I. c.) flowers pale red, 5-parted even
to the base. Ij . H. Ait. 1. c.
Far. i), polyandrum (Pursb, 1. c.) flowers rose-coloured,
short; stamens 10-20. fj . H. Native near Philadelphia.
Far. 6, Govenianum ; branches tomentosely downy ; leaves
evergreen or deciduous, oblong, acute, downy while young, but
glabrous in the adult state, and recurved at the apex ; tube of
corolla a little shorter than the segments. Tj . H. A hybrid,
raised from the seed of R. nudiflbrum, impregnated by the pollen
of a hybrid raised between R. Ponticum and R. Catawbiense.
Flowers delicate light purple, disposed in terminal racemose
corymbs. R. Govenianum, Sweet, fl. gard. 3. t. 263.
Far. «, rubrum (Lodd. bot. cab. t. 51.) flowers red. Tj . H.
Naked-flowered Rhododendron. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1734.
Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
42 R. VISCOSUM (Torr. 1. c.) leaves oblong-obovate, acute,
smooth and green on both surfaces, ciliated on the margins,
having the mid-rib bristly ; flowers clammy, leafy, hairy ; tube of
corolla as long as the segments ; teeth of the calyx short,
rounded ; stamens hardly longer than the corolla, t? . H. Na-
tive from Canada to Georgia, in swamps and shady woods.
Azalea viscosa, Lin. spec. 214. — Pluk. aim. 106. t. 161. f. 4.
Catesb. car. 1. t. 57. Flowers white, sweet-scented, in terminal
clusters, downy. There are a great number of varieties of this
species, (see Loud. hort. brit. p. 66.), varying in the colour of the
flowers, and otherwise. The flowers are white and red, and
variegated with these colours. There is a downy variety with
red flowers figured in Lodd. bot. cab. t. 441.
Far. ft, ornatum (Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. 137-). A hybrid raised
from the seed of R. viscomm fl rubescens, fertilized by the pollen
of R. Ponticum.
Clammy-flowered Rhododendron. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1734.
Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
43 R. CALENDULAVCEUM (Torr. 1. c.) leaves oblong, pubes-
cent on both surfaces, at length hairy ; flowers large, not
clammy, rather naked ; teeth of calyx oblong ; tube of corolla
hairy, shorter than the segments. Tj . H. Native from Penn-
sylvania to Carolina. Azalea calendulacea, Michx. fl. bor. amer.
1. p. 156. Lodd. bot. cab. 1394. A. nudiflora, var. coccinea,
Ait. hort. kew. 319. Flowers yellow, red, orange-coloured,
and copper-coloured. Sims, bot. mag. 172. Lodd. bot. cab.
1394. or flame-coloured. Ker. bot. reg. 145. Said to be
the handsomest shrub in North America. There are a great
many varieties of it, varying in the colour of the flowers. See
Loud. hort. brit. p. 66.
Far. ft, Morterii (Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 10.) A hybrid be-
tween R. calenduldceum and one of the red varieties of R. nudi-
flbrurn. There are also two kinds of this ; one with a flesh-
coloured corolla, having the upper segment orange-coloured,
edged with flesh-colour, called R. Morterii earned ; and another
called Morterii, var. prc^slans, with pale copper-coloured flowers,
tinged with blush.
Marygold Rhododendron. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1806. Shrub
2 to 6 feet.
44 R. ARBORE'SCENS (Torr. 1. c.) leaves obovate, rather ob-
tuse, smooth on both surfaces, glaucous beneath, ciliated on the
margins, having the mid-rib almost smooth ; flowers not clammy,
leafy ; tube of corolla longer than the segments ; calyx leafy,
with the segments oblong and acute ; filaments exserted. fj .
H. Native of Pennsylvania, on the sides of rivulets near the
Blue Mountains. Azalea arborescens, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1.
p. 153. Flowers large, reddish; leaves of flower-buds large,
yellowish brown, surrounded with a fringed white border.
Arborescent Rhododendron. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818.
Tree 10 to 20 feet.
45 R. NITIDUM (Torr. 1. c.) branches smoothish ; leaves ob-
lanceolate, rather mucronate, coriaceous, smooth on both sur-
faces, shining above, having the nerve bristly beneath, with revo-
lute ciliated margins ; flowers clammy, leafy ; tube of corolla a
little longer than the segments ; calyx very short ; filaments
exserted. Tj • H. Native from New York to Virginia, in deep
mossy swamps on the mountains. Azalea nitida, Pursh, fl.
amer. sept. 1. p. 153. Ker. bot. reg. 414. Flowers white,
tinged with red. Leaves dark green, shining, smaller than any
other species of the present section.
•SVimmg-leaved Rhododendron. Fl. June, July. Clt- 1812.
Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
46 R. HISPIDUM (Torr. 1. c.) branches straight, very hispid ;
leaves long-lanceolate, hispid above, and smooth beneath, glau-
cous on both surfaces, ciliated on the margins, having the nerve
bristly beneath ; flowers very clammy, leafy ; tube of corolla
wide, scarcely longer than the segments ; teeth of calyx oblong,
rounded ; filaments exserted. T? . H. Native of New York
and Pennsylvania, on the borders of lakes on the highest part of
the Blue Mountains. Azalea hispida, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1 .
p. 154. Wats, dendr. brit. 6. Azalea viscosa, var. glauca, Ait.
hort. kew. 1. p. 319. ? Flowers white, with a red border, and
a tinge of red on the tube, which makes them appear to be of a
rose-colour before expansion. Stamens sometimes 10. This
species may be distinguished from the rest of the present section
by its bluish appearance.
Hispid Rhododendron. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1734. Shrub
10 to 15 feet.
47 R. BICOLOR ; leaves oblong, clothed on both surfaces with
fine hoary pubescence, not bristly on the nerve ; flowers small,
848
ERICACEAE. XLIII. RHODODENDRON. XLIV. VIREYA.
not clammy, naked ; tube of corolla hardly longer than the seg-
ments ; calyxes very short : having one of the segments linear,
and 4 times longer than the rest ; filaments exserted ; branchlets
hispid. Tj . H. Native of Carolina and Georgia, on barren
sandy hills. Azalea bicolor, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 153.
Azalea nudifldra, var. bicolor, Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 319. — Trew.
ehret. t. 48. Flowers slender and smaller than the rest, of a
pale rose-colour, or nearly white, with a deep red-coloured
tube.
Trvo-coloured-fiowered Rhododendron. Fl. May, June. Clt.
1734. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
48 R. GLAU'CUM ; branchlets hispid ; leaves oblanceolate,
acute, glabrous on both surfaces, glaucous beneath, ciliated on
the margins, having the mid-rib bristly ; flowers very clammy,
leafy ; tube of corolla twice longer than the segments ; calyx
very short ; filaments about equal in length to the segments of
the corolla. (7 . H. Native from New England to Virginia, in
swamps of a clayey soil. Azalea glauca, Pursh, fl. amer. sept.
1. p. 154. Lam. ill. p. 493. Wats, dendr. brit. 5. Azalea vis-
cosa, var. floribunda, Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 319. Flowers white,
very fragrant. The shrub is dwarfer than other species of the
present section, and flowers in great abundance. Nuttall con-
siders this as only a variety of A. viscosa, differing in nothing
but in the under sides of the leaves being glaucous.
G7fl!ico«s-leaved Rhododendron. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1734.
Shrub 2 feet.
49 R. CANE'SCENS ; leaves obovate-oblong, downy above, and
tomentose beneath, not bristly on the middle nerve ; flowers not
clammy, nearly naked ; tube of corolla hardly shorter than the
segments ; teeth of calyx very short, rounded, obtuse ; stamens
hardly exserted. T? . H. Native of Lower Carolina, on the
banks of rivers ; and of Virginia, on the mountains of the Caca-
poon Springs, near Winchester. Azalea canescens, Michx. fl.
bor. amer. 1. p. 150. Wats, dendr. brit. 116. Flowers rose-
coloured.
Canescent Rhododendron. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
50 R. SPECIOSUM ; branches hairy ; leaves lanceolate, ciliated,
acute at both ends ; calyx pubescent ; corolla silky, with obtuse,
ciliated, lanceolate, undulated segments ; stamens exserted. Ij .
H. Native of North America. Azalea speciosa, Willd. enum.
p. 10. Lodd. bot. cab. 624. Wats, dendr. brit. 116. A coc-
cinea, Lodd. Flowers scarlet and orange-coloured. There are
several varieties of this species, varying in the shape of the
leaves and the colour of the flowers ; see Loud. hort. brit. p.
66. Lodd. bot. cab. 1255.
Shorvy Rhododendron. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? Shrub 3 to
4 feet.
SECT. VIII. RHODORA (from pocov, rhodon, a rose ; colour of
flowers). Limb of calyx 5 -toothed. Corolla bilabiate ; upper
lip broadest, and 2-3-cleft ; lower one bidentate. Stamens 10.
Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved. — Leaves deciduous. Habit of last
section.
51 R. RHODORA ; leaves oval, quite entire, pubescent and
glaucous beneath ; flowers in terminal clusters, or racemose um-
bels. Tj . H. Native of Canada, Newfoundland, and on the
mountains of New York and Pennsylvania, in bogs. Rhodora
Canadensis, Lin. spec. 561. Lher. stirp. nov. 1. p. 141. t. 68.
Lam. ill. t. 364. Curt. bot. mag. 474. Flowers pale purple,
rising before the leaves.
.Red-flowered Rhododendron. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1767.
Shrub 2 feet.
Cult. Of all the genera in existence, Rhododendron comprises
the most handsome, elegant, and showy shrubs, well fitted for
adorning shrubberies, or to be grown singly on lawns. All the
species grow best in peat soil, or very sandy loam, or vegetable
mould : they are either increased by layers or by seeds. When |
raised in the latter way, the seeds must be sown early in the
spring, in flat pans or pots, filled with peat earth, and covered very
slightly ; the pots or pans should then be set in a close frame,
or at the front of a hot-house, till the plants come up, watering
them very slightly when dry ; and as soon as the seedlings have
grown high enough to be laid hold of, they should be planted
out into other pans or pots, filled with the same kind of mould ;
after which they may stand in a close frame for a few days, until
they have struck fresh roots, and afterwards hardened to the air
by degrees. The smaller kinds of Rhododendron may be propa-
gated freely by cuttings, taken off from young wood, and planted
in sand, placing a bell-glass over them. There are now in the
gardens a great many hybrid kinds of Rhododendron, and are
still increasing in number ; some of which outvie the species in
splendour. The species natives of Nipaul, China, and Japan,
in mild winters, would probably succeed in the open air, but
they will not survive a severe winter without protection ; they
are therefore best kept in pots, and placed among other green-
house or frame plants. R. arbdreum and R. album are among the
most showy of the species, and are well adapted for conserva-
tories, or to be placed in large tubs in the greenhouse. Young
cuttings of the tender kinds, if torn ofF close to the stem, and
planted in a pot of sand, will strike root readily ; the pot should
be plunged in heat under a hand-glass.
XLIV. VIRE'YA (named by Blume after M. Virey, a French
physician). Blum, bijdr. p. 854.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, obsoletely
5-toothed. Corolla subcampanulate, or funnel-shaped, regular,
5-lobed, adnate to the disk of the calyx. Stamens 10, inserted
in the calycine disk ; alternate filaments the shortest ; anthers
oblong, bursting inwardly, naked, dehiscing by two pores at the
apex. Style filiform ; stigma capitate, 5-furrowed. Capsule
silique-formed, 5-angled, 5-celled. Placenta 5-lobed. Seeds
numerous, expanded into a bristle-formed awn at both ends. —
This genus differs from Rhododendron in the calyx being small,
and in the stamens not being attached to the corolla in any
way. — Mostly parasitical shrubs. Leaves scattered and verti-
cillate, quite entire, coriaceous, covered with scaly dots beneath.
Flowers disposed in terminal fascicles.
* Corollas subcampanulate.
1 V. JAVA'NICA (Blum, bijdr. 854.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
clothed with fine rusty dots beneath ; flowers showy, deep
orange. T? . G. Native of Java, at the foot of Mount Salak,
where it is called by the natives Gaga Mirha,
Var. ft ; flowers citron-coloured, smaller.
Java Vireya. Fl. Year. Shrub.
2 V. A'LBA (Blum, bijdr. 855.) leaves lanceolate, densely
clothed with rusty scales beneath : flowers white, middle-sized.
f?-. G. Native of Java, on Mount Salak, parasitical upon trees.
Rhododendron album, Blum. cat. hort. buitenz. p. 72.
rF/iz<e-flowered Vireya. Fl. Year. Shrub.
* * Corollas funnel-shaped.
3 V. TUBIFLORA (Blum, bijdr. p. 855.) leaves lanceolate,
densely clothed with rusty dot-like scales beneath ; flowers
scarlet. 1? . G. Native of Java, on the higher mountains.
Tube -flowered Vireya. Fl. Year. Shrub.
4 V. CELE'BICA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves broad, lanceolate, clothed
with rusty dot-like scales beneath ; flowers scarlet, fy . G.
Native of the Celebes, in mountain woods.
Celebes Vireya. Fl. Year. Shrub.
5 V. RETtTsA (Blum, bijdr. p. 856.) leaves spatulate, retuse,
with recurved margins, beset with rusty dots beneath ; branches
ERICACEAE. XLV. BEJARIA. XLVI. HYMENANTHES.
849
rough; flowers scarlet, fy . G. Native of the west of Java, on
high mountains.
Refuse-leaped Vireya. Fl. Year. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Agaiista, p. 838.
XLV. BEJA'RIA (so named by Mutis after a Spanish bota-
nist of the name of Bejar). Mutis, amer. 1. t. 8. Lin. gen.
Reich, no. 648. Juss. gen. 159. — Befaria, Humb. et Bonpl. pi.
requin. 2. p. 118. t. 117. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 290. — Acunna,
Ruiz et Pav.
LIN. SYST. Dodecdndria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 7-cleft.
Corolla so deeply 7-cleft as to appear of 7 petals, spreading.
Stamens 14, hypogynous ; anthers obverse or pendulous, awn-
less. Ovarium free, 7-furrowed. Style elongated ; stigma de-
pressedly capitate, 7-furrowed. Capsule depressedly globose,
girded by the permanent calyx, and terminated by the style, 7-
celled, 7-valved, with a septicidal dehiscence; cells many-seeded.
— Elegant alpine shrubs ; with scattered, crowded, quite entire,
coriaceous leaves ; racemose or corymbose, bracteate flowers.
Corollas usually purple.
1 B. RESINOSA (Mutis, amer. 1. t. 8. Lin. syst. 443. suppl.
246.) branchlets downy ; leaves ovate, smooth ; corymbs ter-
minal, simple ; pedicels downy ; corollas resinous and viscid ;
filaments downy near the base. J? . G. Native of New Gra-
nada. Branches proliferous. Leaves an inch long. Corollas
purple.
.ffesmous-flowered Bejaria. Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
2 B. RACEMOSA (Vent. eels. p. 51. t. 51.) branchlets smooth
or hispid ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; flowers disposed
in racemose terminal panicles, f? . G. Native of Georgia and
Florida, in sandy places. B. paniculata, Michx, fl. bor. amer. 1.
p. 280. t. 26. Corollas purple.
/Jaceniose-flowered Bejaria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810. Shrub
3 to 5 feet.
3 B. GLAU'CA (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. sequin. 2. p. 118. t. 177.)
glabrous ; leaves oblong, obtuse, glaucous beneath ; racemes
terminal and axillary ; pedicels somewhat fastigiate. T? . G.
Native of South America, in the alpine region of the province of
Venezuela, near the top of Silla de Caraccas. Shrub much
branched ; branchlets angular. Corolla flesh-coloured, glabrous :
filaments glabrous.
Glaucous-leaved Bejaria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. Shrub
3 to 6 feet.
4 B- COARCTA^TA (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. sequin. 2. p. 125. t.
121.) branchlets clothed with pubescent tomentum ; leaves ob-
long, glabrous, glaucous beneath ; corymbs terminal, simple ;
peduncles, pedicels, rachi, and calyxes clothed with rusty to-
mentum. fy . G. Native of Peru, in cold places near the city
of Caxamarca. Shrub much branched. Flowers purple. Fila-
ments glabrous, but dilated and pubescent at the base.
Coarctate-corymbed Bejaria. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
5 B. GRANDIFLO'RA (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. aequin. 2. p. 122. t.
119.) leaves ovate, glabrous above, but clothed with rusty to-
mentum beneath, as well as the pedicels, peduncles, rachi,
calyxes, and branchlets ; corymbs terminal, branched a little,
many-flowered. fj . G. Native of the province of Quito, in
cold places between Loxa and Ona, in Paramo de Saraguru ; and
near Alto de Pulla, and Vinajacu. Shrub much branched ;
branches subverticillate. Corollas purple, about the size of
those of Dictdmnus dibits. Filaments glabrous, but dilated and
ciliated at the base.
Great-flowered Bejaria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
6 B. S'STUANS (Mutis, in Lin. fil. suppl. 247. mant. 242.
Humb. et Bonpl. pi. aequin. 2. p. 120. t. 118.) leaves elliptic,
rather glabrous above, but downy and glaucous beneath, while
young clothed with rusty tomentum, and ciliated with glands ;
VOL. III.
corymbs terminal, simple ; peduncles, pedicels, rachi, calyxes,
and branchlets clothed with clammy glandular hairs, fj . G.
Native of New Granada, near Gonzanama. Much branched ;
branchlets subverticillate. Flowers smaller than those of the
preceding, purple. Filaments villous at the base.
Heating Bejaria. Shrub 10 to 15 feet.
7 B. LEDIFOLIA (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. sequin. 2. p. 124. t.
120.) leaves oblong, somewhat mucronate, with revolute edges,
glaucous beneath, beset with glandular hairs on both surfaces -*
along the middle nerve ; racemes terminal ; peduncles, pedicels,
rachi, branchlets, and calyxes clothed with clammy glandular
hairs. Tj . G. Native of South America, on the top of Silla
de Caraccas. Shrub much branched ; branches purplish. Flowers
about the size of those of B. glauca, purple.
Ledum-leaved Bejaria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
8 B. CAXAMARCE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
294.) branchlets pilose ; leaves oblong, glabrous above, pubes-
cently hairy and glaucous beneath ; corymbs terminal, simple ;
peduncles, pedicels, and rachi, clothed with rusty pilose tomen-
tum ; calyxes hairy. ^ . G. Native of Peru, on the Andes,
about Caxamarca. A much-branched shrub. Flowers size of
those of the preceding, purple ; petals narrow.
Caxamarca Bejaria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
9 B. LANCEOLA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 1513. f. b.)
branches and racemes hairy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate ; corymbs
simple, racemose ; pedicels short. >? . G. Native of Peru, on
the high hills of Rodos Pillao and Huassa-Huassi, where it is
called Rosa-Rosa, or Rosa Huaytta. Acunna lanceolata, Ruiz
et Pav. syst. p. 124. Flowers purple or rose-coloured.
Lanceolate-leaved Bejaria. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 4 to 6
feet.
10 B. OBLONGA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 1513. f. a.) leaves
oblong, with revolute margins ; flowers corymbose ; pedicels
long. I? . G. Native of Peru, in the province of Tarma, at
Churupallana ; and of Panatahua, at Acomaya and Macora,
where it is called Rosa-Rosa, from the copious rose-coloured
flowers. Acunna oblonga, Ruiz et Pav. syst. p. 123. Flowers
purple or rose-coloured. Branches, petioles, and corymbs downy.
Corymbs compound.
Oblong-leaved Bejaria. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Agaiista, p. 838.
Extremely elegant plants, with the habit of some species of
Rhododendron, and are therefore well worth the cultivator's
care.
XLVI. HYMENA'NTHES (from V»". hymen, a mem-
brane ; and avdoe, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the thin
corollas). Blum, bijdr. 862.
LIN. SYST. Dodecdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, obsoletely
denticulated. Corolla campanulate, with a short compressed
tube, and a 7-parted limb ; segments of the limb imbricated.
Stamens 14, hypogynous: alternate ones shortest. Anthers
fixed by the back, mutic, opening by 2 pores at the apex.
Ovarium free, girded by a nectariferous tumid margin at the
base. Style long ; stigma obtuse, 7-crenated. Capsule oblong,
7-celled, 7-valved, many-seeded. — Nearly allied to Bejaria, but
differs from it in the small calyx and monopetalous corolla.
1 H. JAPONICA (Blum. 1. c.) shrub a little branched ; leaves sub-
verticillate, 3 to 4 in a whorl, petiolate, oblong, acutish, nar-
rowed at the base, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous, reticulated
above, veinless and yellowish beneath ; flowers disposed in
dense, terminal, bracteate spikes. Jj . G. Native of Japan,
from whence it was received by Blume under the name of Rho-
dodendron maximum.
Japan Hymenanthes. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Agansta, p. 838.
5Q
850
ERICACEAE. XLVII. KALMIA. XLVIII. MENZIESIA. XLIX. AZALEA.
XLVII. KA'LMIA (named by Linnaeus in honour of Peter
Kaltn, professor at Abo, in Sweden ; author of Travels in America.
1753). Lin. gen. no. 545. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 305. t. 63,
Juss. gen. 158. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 267.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla
salver-shaped; under side of limb producing 10 cornute pro-
tuberances, and as many cavities on the upper side, in which the
anthers lie, or are concealed. Capsule 5-celled, many-seeded ;
dissepiments marginal. — Evergreen shrubs, with alternate or
ternately verticillate leaves. Flowers disposed in terminal, race-
mose, compound corymbs ; but in one species the flowers are
solitary and axillary. Pedicels long, 1-flowered, tribracteate at
the base ; external bractea originating from the rachis. Buds
naked. Anthers opening by two oblique truncate pores. — This
genus is considered poisonous, and is often fatal to cattle.
1 K. LATirbuA (Lin. spec. 560.) leaves on long petioles,
scattered, or 3 in a whorl, oval, coriaceous, smooth and green on
both surfaces ; corymbs terminal, downy, and viscid. I? . H.
Native from Canada to Carolina, on the sides of stony hills.
Curt. hot. mag. 175. Bigel. med. bot. p. 133. Wangh. amer. t.
25. f. 50.— Catesb. car. 2. t. 98. — Trew. ehrh. t. 38. f. 1. — Pluk.
mant. t. 379. f. 6. A very elegant shrub when in flower : in
America it is called Laurel, and on the mountains Calico-bush*
Flowers red. It is not improbable that the deleterious honey
in Philadelphia might have been collected by the bees from the
flowers of the Calico-bush, which in some places pervades, in
rocky woods and depressed summits of mountains, almost in a
similar manner with Calluna vulgaris of Europe.
Broad-leaved Kalmia. Fl. June, July. Clt. ] 734. Shrub 3
to 10 feet.
2 K. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 561.) leaves petiolate, scat-
tered, or 3 in a whorl, oblong, obtuse, rather rusty beneath ;
corymbs lateral ; bracteas linear ; peduncles and calyxes clothed
with glandular pubescence. ^ . H. Native from Canada to
Carolina, in bogs, swamps, and sometimes in dry mountain lands.
Curt. bot. mag. 331. Lodd. bot. cab. 502.— Catesb. car. 3. 1. 17.
f. 1.— Trew. ehrh. t. 38. f. 2. Flowers dark red. The shrub
is known by the name of Sheep Laurel in North America, being
considered very poisonous when fed upon by sheep. There are
several varieties of this species besides the one mentioned, dif-
fering in the size of parts, and in the deeper and lighter shade of
the corolla. See Loud. hort. brit. p. 171.
Far. ft, ovata (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 296.) leaves
broader ; stem taller, f? . H. Native of New Jersey, on the
mountains.
Narrow-leaved Kalmia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1736. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
3 K. GLAU'CA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. p. 64.) branchlets
2-edged or triquetrous ; leaves opposite, on short petioles, ob-
long, smooth, glaucous beneath, with revolute edges ; corymbs
terminal, compound, bracteate ; pedicels and calyxes glabrous.
Tj . H. Native of bogs in Canada ; and on the borders of moun-
tain lakes of New York and Pennsylvania ; and of the Island of
Sitcha. Curt. bot. mag. 177. Lam. ill. t. 363. Lher. stirp.
nov. 2. t. 9. Lodd. bot. cab. 1508. K, polifolia, Wangh. act.
soc. berol. 8. p. 129. t. 5. A very handsome upright small
shrub, with pale red flowers. According to Nuttall, the flowers
are disposed in terminal compound corymbs, each corymb com-
posed of 3 racemose corymbulets ; and the pedicels and calyxes
are said by him to be clothed with powdery viscid pubescence.
Var. /3, rosmarintfblia (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 296.)
leaves linear, more revolute on the margins, and having the
under surface green. Tj . H. Mr. Pursh discovered this
variety in a bog near Albany, and is inclined to think it a dis-
tinct species.
G/a«co«s-leaved Kalmia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1767. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
4 K. CUNEAVTA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 257.) leaves scat-
tered, sessile, cuneate-oblong, glandularly pubescent beneath,
minutely awned at the apex ; corymbs lateral, few-flowered.
^ . H. Native of Carolina, on the mountains. Branches
twiggy. Leaves deciduous. Flowers white, red at the bottom,
disposed in sessile, lateral, fastigiate clusters.
Cuneate-lenved Kalmia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
5 K. HIRSU'TA (Walt. fl. carol. 138. Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1.
p. 257. Curt. bot. mag. 138.) branches, leaves, and calyxes very
hairy ; leaves opposite and alternate, almost sessile, elliptic ;
peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, longer than the leaves.
Pj . H. Native of South Carolina and Georgia, in barren pine-
woods. K. ciliata, Bartr. itin. 18. A beautiful little shrub,
but difficult to cultivate. Leaves small, like thyme. Flowers
large, red.
Hairy Kalmia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1786. Shrub 2 to 3
feet.
Cult. Handsome shrubs when in blossom. They grow best
in peat soil, and are increased either by layers or by seeds.
When raised by seeds, they are reared and otherwise treated
in the manner recommended for Rhododendron, which see,
p. 848.
XLVIII. MENZIE'SIA (named in honour of Archibald Men-
zies, F.L.S. &c. surgeon and naturalist to the expedition under
Vancouver, in which voyage he collected many specimens of
plants on the north-west coast of America, New Holland, Van
Diemen's Land, &c.). Smith, icon. ined. 56. Nutt. gen. amer.
1. p. 251. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 160.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-lobed. Corolla
tubular or globose : limb very short, 4-lobed, revolute. Sta-
mens 8, inclosed ; filaments subulate, glabrous; cells of anthers
parallel, connate, mutic at the base, and opening each by an ob-
lique foramen at the apex. Stigma obtuse. Capsule ligneous,
4-celled, with a septicidal dehiscence. Placenta 4-lobed. Seeds
scobiform. — Deciduous shrubs, natives of North America.
Leaves membranous, glaucous beneath. Pedicels numerous,
terminal, 1-flowered, fascicled.
1 M. FERRUciNEA (Smith, icon. ined. 1. p. 56. t. 56.) corolla
urceolate, with rounded lobes ; leaves and branches hairy. fj .
H. Native of the north-west coast of America, particularly on
the Columbia River ; and of the Island of Sitcha. Lam. ill. t.
285. M. urceolaris, Salisb. par. lond. no. 44. Leaves obovate-
lanceolate. Flowers of a rust-colour.
Rusty-flowered Menziesia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1811. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
2 M. GLOBULA'RIS (Salisb. par lond. 44.) corolla globose,
with rounded lobes ; leaves and branches hairy. tj.H. Na-
tive of Virginia and Carolina, on high mountains; plentiful on
the Cacapoon Mountains, near Winchester, Virginia. M. Smi-
thii, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 235. Azalea pilosa, Lam. ill.
494. M. pilosa, Pers. ench. 1. p. 420. Leaves lanceolate.
Flowers yellowish brown.
G7o&utor-flowered Menziesia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1806.
Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
3 M. ? TRIFLORA (Bert, ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 202.) corolla
oblong, with pointed lobes ; leaves and branches glabrous. >j .
S. Native of Jamaica, on the mountains. M. ? elata, D. Don,
mss. Andromeda octandra, Swartz. prod. p. 73. fl. ind. occ. 2.
p. 840. Leaves spatulate, oblong. Peduncles aggregate, re-
flexed.
Three-flowered Menziesia. Shrub tall.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Azalea, p. 851.
XLIX. AZA'LEA (from a^aXeoj, azaleas, dry, arid ; habita-
ERICACEJs. XLIX. AZALEA. L. LEIOPHYLLUM. LI. LEDUM. LIT. VACCINIUM.
851
tion of plant). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. — Azilea procum-
bens, Lin. and other authors. — Loiseleuria, Desv. Chamseledon,
Link, enum. 1. p. 210.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla
short, campanulate, 5-cleft. Stamens 5, equal, shorter than the
corolla ; cells of anthers opening by a terminal pore. Style
straight, inclosed. Capsule 5-celled : with 5 cloven-pointed
valves, whose inflexed edges form the double partitions. — A
small, evergreen, glabrous, procumbent shrub, with the habit of
Thyme. Leaves opposite, small, elliptic, glabrous, with revolute
margins. Flowers pedicellate, rising in fascicles from the axils
of the upper leaves, small, red.
1 A. PROCU'MBENS (Lin. spec. 205.). J? . H. Native of
Europe, on mountains ; plentiful on the tops of mountains in
Scotland, but rare on the mountains in the north of England.
In North America, in the alpine regions of the White Mountains,
New Hampshire ; and on Grandfather Mountain, Carolina, &c.
Fl. dan. t. 9. Lin. fl. lapp. ed. 2d. p. 60. t. 6. f. 2. Smith, engl.
bot. t. 865. Lodd. bot. cab. 762. — Bocc. mus. 2. p. 64. t. 53.
Chamaeledon procumbens, Link. enum. 1. p. 210. Loiseleuria,
procumbens, Desv.
Procumbent Azalea. Fl. April, May. Britain. Shrub
procumbent.
Cult. This small shrub grows well in a peat border, or in pots
in sandy peat earth ; it is easily increased by layers or by seeds.
L. LEIOPHY'LLUM (from Xtioc, leios, smooth ; and
<t>v\\oi>, phyllon, a leaf ; leaves quite smooth). Pers. ench. 1.
p. 477. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 276. Ammyrsine, Pursh, fl. amer.
sept. 1 . p. 280. — Fischera, Swartz. — Ledum buxifolium, Berg. Ait.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 5-parted.
Corolla 5-petalled. Stamens 10, exserted ; anthers opening by
2 terminal pores. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, dehiscing at the
apex. — A small, erect, bushy shrub. Leaves small, convex,
oval, glabrous, shining. Flowers white, disposed in terminal
corymbs ; the delicacy of the leaves, and the abundance of its
white flowers, are highly ornamental.
1 L. THYMIFOLIUM (Pers. ench. 1. p. 477. Spreng. syst. 2. p.
315.). Jj . H. Native of New Jersey and the mountains of
Carolina, particularly on the highest summits of the Catawba
ridge. By the inhabitants of New Jersey it is called Sand-
Myrtle. Ledum buxifolium, Bergius, in act. petrop. 1777. p. 1.
t. 3. f. 2. Ker. bot. reg. 531. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 66.
Lodd. bot. cab. 52. Ledum thymifblium, Lam. diet. 3. p. 459.
ill. t. 363. f. 2. Ledum serpyllifolium, Lher. stirp. nov. 2.
t. 10. Ammyrsine buxif61ia, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 301.
Fischera, Swartz.
Thyme-leaved Leiophyllum. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1736.
Shrub \ to 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Ledum below.
LI. LE'DUM (XrjcW, ledon, was a name applied by the
ancients to a plant producing the substance called Ladanum, and
now known by the name of Cistus Ledum ; in foliage, the Ledum
of modern botanists agrees with the plant of the ancients). Lin.
gen. no. 546. Gsertn. fruct. 2. p. 145. t. 112. Juss. gen. 159.
Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 275.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx minute, 4-toothed.
Corolla 5-petalled, spreading. Stamens 5-10, exserted ; anthers
opening by 2 terminal pores. Capsule subovate, 5-celled, 5-valved,
opening at the base, pedicellate. Seeds numerous, flat, linear,
scabrous, furnished with a membranous wing at each extremity.
— Dwarf evergreen shrubs. Leaves coriaceous, with revolute
margins, and tomentose on the under surface. Flowers white,
disposed in terminal corymbs ; pedicels bracteate at the base.
Shrubs exhaling a peculiar scent when bruised.
1 L. PALU'STRE (Lin. spec. 561.) leaves linear, with revolute
margins, clothed with rusty tomentum beneath; stamens 10,
longer than the corolla. ^ . H. Native of Canada, in swamps,
and round the mountain lakes of New York ; in Kotzebue's
Sound, &c. ; also of the north of Europe, as of Denmark, Silesia,
&c. Oed. fl. dan. 1031. Duh. arb. 1. t. 67. Schmidt, arb. 163.
Lodd. bot. cab. 560. Ledum Silesiacum, Clus. pan. 68. Ros-
marlnum sylvestre, Cam. epit. 546. Flowers white. Leaves
resembling those of Rosmary.
Var. ft, decumbens (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 48.) shrub
decumbent. Pj . H. Native near Hudson's Bay.
Marsh Wild-Rosmary. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1762. Shrub
2 feet.
2 L. LATIFOLIUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 65.) leaves linear-ob-
long, with replicate margins, clothed with rusty tomentum be-
neath ; stamens 5, about the length of the corolla. T? . H.
Native of Canada, in sphagnous swamps ; Greenland, Labrador,
Newfoundland, Hudson's Bay. This or the preceding species
has lately been found in Ireland. Jacq. icon. 3. t. 464. Schmidt,
arb. t. 164. Lam. ill. t. 363. f. 1. Lodd. bot. cab. 534. L.
Grcenlandicum, Retz, obs. 4. p. 26. Fl. dan. t. 567. L. pa-
lustre, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 259. Flowers white. A
larger and broader leaved shrub than the last ; commonly called
Labrador Tea; and the leaves are said to be a good substitute
for it. Bees are very fond of the flowers.
Broad-leaved Wild-Rosmary, or Labrador Tea. Fl. April,
May. Clt. 1763. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
3 L. CANADE'NSE (Lodd. bot. cab. 1049.) leaves ovate petio-
late, white beneath ; flowers disposed in terminal umbellate
corymbs, large. T; . H. Native of Canada, in swamps. Flowers
white.
Canadian Wild-Rosmary. Fl. April, May. Clt. ? Shrub £
to \ foot.
Cult. A peat soil, or very sandy loam answers best for the
species of this genus ; and they are readily increased by layers
and seeds. The seeds should be sown, and the seedlings after-
wards managed in the manner recommended for Rhododendron,
p. 848.
Tribe III.
VACCINIE'^E (the genera contained in this section agree
with Faccinium, in the ovarium being adherent). D. Don, in
edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 152. Anthers 2-celled. Ovarium ad-
herent. Disk perigynous, nectariferous. Fruit baccate. Gem-
mation scaly.
LII. VACCI'NIUM (an ancient Latin name, whether of
a berry or a flower, has always been a point in dispute among
critics, as well as the etymology of the word). Lin. gen. 191.
Ait. hort. kew. vol. 2. p. 355. Pursh, fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 284.
Juss. gen. 162. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 263. Lam. ill. 286.
Gaertn. fr. t. 28. — Vkis-idaea, Tourn. inst. t. 377.
LIN. SYST. Octo-Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-5-toothed
(f. 142. a.) Corolla urceolate or campanulate (f. 142. 6.), more or
less deeply 4-5-cleft ; limb reflexed. Stamens 8-1 0, hypogynous.
Anthers 2-horned (f. 1 42. d.\ dehiscing at the summits, and some-
times furnished at the back with 2 spreading spurs or bristles.
Style longer than the stamens ; stigma obtuse. Berry globose
(f. 142. e.), depressed at top, 4-5-celled (f. 142./.), many-seeded.
— The species of Vaccinium are mostly confined to Europe and
North America, but are peculiarly abundant in the latter country.
They are suffruticose, shrubby, gemmaceous plants. Bud-scales
often permanent, on the base of the small branches. Leaves alter-
nate, membranous, often beset with resinous dots, either permanent
or deciduous. Flowers pedicellate, either solitary , simply racemose,
or tufted, drooping, inodorous, generally very elegant, tinted with
various shades of red or pink, never blue, scarcely yellowish.
5a2
852
ERICACEAE. LII. VACCINIUM.
Berries black, purple, bluish, or red, generally eatable, though not
always pleasant, nor wholesome in a crude state. The species of
this genus were ill understood by Linnaeus, who therefore has led
all following authors astray. In reviewing the whole, we find
something to add, though we have many specimens that are
dubious. We are obliged to follow the distribution of Linnaeus,
into the evergreen and deciduous species, though some uncer-
tainty must always attend that character respecting species
known from dried specimens only.
§ 1 . Leaves deciduous.
* Pedicels l-Jloniered, usually solitary, rarely twin or fascicu-
lated.
1 V. MYRTI'LLUS (Lin. spec. 498.) pedicels solitary, 1-flower-
ed ; leaves serrated, ovate, smooth ; stem acutely angular,
smooth ; calyx hardly divided. ^ . H. Native on heaths,
stony moors, and mountain woods throughout most parts of
Europe, especially the more northern ; plentiful in Britain. Dr.
Sibthorp gathered it on the Bithynian Olympus. It is common
on the hills in the Island of Unalaschka. Smith, engl. bot. 456.
Fl. dan. 974. — Ger. emac. 1415. Math, valgr. 1. p. 210. Cam.
epit. 135. Corolla globose, generally 5-cleft, of a very delicate
waxy pink hue. Berries the size of currants, bluish black,
covered by a mealy bloom, eaten in tarts or with cream, or
made into jellies, in the north and west of England and Scot-
land. In Devonshire the berries are eaten with clotted cream ;
in Poland they are ripe in July, and being mixed with wood
strawberries, and eaten with new milk, are considered a great
delicacy. They may be successfully cultivated in a shady bor-
der, in bog earth. The fruit is sometimes sent into Norfolk
from Devonshire. The juice of them has been employed to
stain paper or linen purple. In autumn the wood game chiefly
live upon the product of this shrub. Mr. Menzies brought from
the west coast of North America what can scarcely be considered
more than a gigantic variety, 7 or 8 feet high, larger in every
part, with less distinctly serrated leaves.
Myrtle-\ike or Common Bilberry, or Bleaberry. Fl. May.
Britain. Shrub •£ to 2 feet.
2 V. CHAMISSONIS (Bongard, in mem. acad. petersb. 2. p.
151.) pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, short, deflexed while in fruit;
leaves elliptic, nearly entire, obtuse, mucronulated, glabrous,
glaucous beneath ; calyx 5-toothed ; flowers decandrous. Tj .
H. Native of the Island of Sitcha. V. myrtillus, Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 525. Branches erect, angular. Co-
rolla white, urceolate, with short obtuse lobes. Anthers awned
on the back. Berries black.
Chamisso's Whortle-berry. Shrub 1 foot.
3 V. OVALIFOLIUM (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 2.) pedicels soli-
tary, 1-flowered ; leaves elliptic, obtuse, pointless, entire, smooth,
strongly veined beneath ; stem angular ; calyx hardly divided.
\} . H. Native of the north-west coast of America, where it
was collected by Mr. Menzies ; and in the Island of Sitcha by
Bongard. Branches smooth, less acutely angular than in the
foregoing species. Leaves 1^ inch long. The flowers seem to
agree with those of F. myrtillus in colour and structure, except
that the corolla is more ovate. Berries black, crowned, cup-
shaped, with a slightly 4-lobed calyx.
Oval-leaved Bilberry. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
4 V. PARVIFOLIUM (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 3.) pedicels soli-
tary, 1-flowered, clavate while bearing the fruit; leaves elliptic,
obtuse pointed, entire, smooth, glaucous and slightly veined
beneath ; stem acutely angular ; calyx hardly divided, fj . H.
Native of the north-west coast of America, where it was col-
lected by Mr. Menzies ; and in the Island of Sitcha by Bon-
gard. Branches smooth, as acutely angled as in V. myrtillus.
The leaves agree most in shape with V. ovalifolium, but are not
a quarter the size, even when full grown. The berries are red,
and make excellent tarts. They appear to be smaller than the
last, and crowned with a similar calyx.
Small-leaved Bilberry. Shrub 8 to 10 feet.
5 V. GEMINIFLORUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. S. p.
267.) flowers axillary, twin, drooping, decandrous ; leaves ob-
long, bluntish, crenulated, reticulately veined, rather membran-
ous, glabrous ; anthers furnished with 2 awns on the back. Tj .
F. Native of Mexico, between Omitlan and Moran. Habit and
stature of V. myrtillus. Branchlets angular, downy. Leaves 8-
10 lines long, paler beneath. Corolla campanulate, ventricose
at the base, with short ovate bluntish segments. Filaments
membranous, glabrous.
Trvin-florvered Whortle-berry. Shrub 1 foot.
6 V. HIRTUM (Thunb. jap. 155.) pedicels solitary, 1-flowered;
leaves ovate, serrated, hairy all over, as well as the young
branches. Tj . F. Native of Japan, on the hills between
Miaco and Jedo. Branches terete. Flowers on very short
stalks.
Hairy Bilberry. Fl. April. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
7 V. ULIGINO'SUM (Lin. spec. 499.) pedicels somewhat aggre-
gate, 1-flowered ; leaves obovate, entire, smooth ; branches
terete. Ij . H. Native of Sweden, Germany, Siberia, Switzer-
land, Savoy, Scotland, and the north of England ; as well as in
the more northern parts of America, and on its west coast ; and
in the Island of Sitcha, on marshy mountain heaths and alpine
bogs. Smith, engl. bot. t. 581. Fl. dan. 231. Myrtillus
grandis, Bauh. hist. 1. p. 518. Taller than the Common Bil-
berry, and of a more glaucous hue. Leaves glaucous beneath.
Flowers flesh-coloured, with 8 long-horned stamens. Berries
large, juicy, black, covered with a mealy bloom ; they are eat-
able, but not either very grateful or wholesome. A variety
with slightly pointed leaves was published by an apothecary at
Berne, in 1787, as V. mucronatum, an imaginary species.
Bog or Great Bilberry. Fl. April, May. Britain. Shrub
2 feet.
8 V. CALYCINUM (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 7.) pedicels soli-
tary, 1-flowered; leaves obovate, serrated, smooth, with downy
ribs; branches angular; calycine segments deep, ovate. Jj .
F. Native of the Sandwich Islands, in woods upon lofty moun-
tains. Leaves 1^ inch long, and near an inch wide. Corolla
oblong, with 5 angles.
Large-calyxed Bilberry. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
9 V. ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 356.)
pedicels scattered, mostly solitary, 1-flowered, naked ; leaves
lanceolate, nearly entire, downy at the ribs and margins. ^ .
H. Native of Canada, about Hudson's Bay and Labrador.
Berries large, bluish black, known by the name of Bluets. V.
myrtilloides, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 234. Michaux says
this species has the habit of V. myrtillus ; its leaves being mem-
branous, of a narrow lanceolate form.
Narrow-leaved Whortle-berry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1776.
Shrub 2 feet.
10 V. SALICINUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnoea. 1. p. 525.)
flowers axillary, solitary, on short pedicels ; leaves cuneate-
lanceolate, cuspidate, quite entire, rather coriaceous, reticulately
veined ; corolla cylindrically urceolate, with a 4-cleft revolute
limb. Jj . H. Native of Unalascha, on mossy hills. Shrub
trailing, glabrous, habit of Salix alpigena, creeping under the
moss. Branches angular, cinnamon-coloured. Flowers droop-
ing. Calycine lobes 4-5, short, ovate, acute. Stamens 8, in-
closed. Anthers biaristate on the base.
Willorvy Whortle-berry. Shrub creeping.
11 V. C.ESPITOSUM (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 234.) flowers
ERICACEAE. LIT. VACCINIUM.
853
lateral, solitary, nearly sessile ; leaves somewhat wedge-shaped,
rounded, obtuse, serrated, membranous, very smooth. ^. H.
Native of America, in the more northern regions, particularly
about Hudson's Bay ; also in the Island of Sitcha. A little
shrub, with many crowded stems, from 2 to 4 inches high, very
smooth in every part. Corolla of a short urceolate form. Ber-
ries nearly sessile, globose, black, with a glaucous bloom.
Tufted Whortle-berry. Clt. 1823. Shrub \ to | foot.
* * Flowers in sessile tufts.
12 V. GALEVZANS (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 232.) flowers
on very short stalks, in sessile tufts ; leaves sessile, lanceolate-
wedge-shaped, slightly serrated, downy ; calyx pointed; corollas
ovate, much contracted at the mouth ; style prominent. Tj . H.
Native of Virginia and Carolina, in shady woods and swamps.
V. galiformis, Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 16. Flowers small, yel-
lowish-white. Berries small, globular, black. Michaux de-
scribes this shrub as having the aspect of Myrtca Gale, with
slightly downy branches. Leaves varying. The pedicels shorter
than the flowers, burst from a bud, composed of numerous
crowded scales.
Gate-like Whortle-berry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1806. Shrub
2 feet.
13 V. TENE'LLTJM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 358.)
flowers in dense sessile tufts ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate-lan-
ceolate, acuminated, finely serrated, smooth, except the rib and
margins ; branches angular, with a downy line on each side ;
calyx of 5, deep, acute segments, f? . H. Native from New
England to Virginia, on dry hills, on a gravelly soil. Wats,
dendr. brit. 35. V. Pennsylvanicum, Lam. diet. 1. p. 74.
Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 232. A low, very branching shrub.
Corollas pale red, or white. Berries large, bluish black, ex-
tremely sweet, and agreeable to eat. The mountains of Penn-
sylvania produce an immense variety of this species, in size and
shape of the fruit, leaves, and flowers. Leaves sometimes an
inch long.
Delicate Whortle-berry. Fl. May. Clt. 1772. Shrub 1 to
2 feet.
14 V. LIOU'STRINUM (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 283.)
flowers nearly sessile, in tufts ; leaves nearly sessile, erect, lan-
ceolate, mucronate, finely serrated, veiny, downy ; corolla
longish, ovate ; branches angular. Jj . H. Native from Penn-
sylvania to Virginia, in dry woods ; common on the mountains.
Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 288. exclusive of the syn. of Willd.
A straight shrub. Leaves membranous, furnished with con-
spicuous, often purplish veins. Scales of the flower-buds often
purplish. Corollas purplish-red. Berries black. The leaves
vary extremely in shape and size. The V. ligiistrinum of Lin-
naeus is a nonentity, or rather no Vaccmium, according to Smith,
being the very same plant with Lybnia paniculata.
Privet-like Whortle-berry. Fl. May, July. Clt. ? Shrub.
* * * Flowers disposed in racemes.
15 V. PA'LLIDUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 355.) ra-
cemes bracteate ; corolla cylindrically bell-shaped ; leaves ovate,
acute, finely serrated. JJ . H. Native of North America,
from whence it was said to have been sent, in 1772, to Kew
Gardens, by Dr. Samuel Martin ; but Mr. Pursh never met
with it.
/We-flowered Whortle-berry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1772.
Shrub 2 feet.
16V. ARBOREUM (Marsh, in Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 230.)
pedicels axillary and solitary, or terminal and racemose, naked ;
leaves ovate, acute, with slight glandular serratures, polished
above, and rather downy beneath ; corollas bell-shaped, acute ;
stamens the length of the tube, fj . H. Native from North
Carolina to Florida, in dry woods on the rocky banks of rivers.
V. diffusum, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 356. A large
shrub, sometimes 20 feet high, very elegant. Corollas white,
tinged with red. Berries globular, black, almost dry. Branches
terete, downy while young. This species joins the solitary
flowered species with the racemose flowered species ; the axil-
lary flowers being solitary and pedicellate, and the terminal ones
racemose.
Tree Whortle-berry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1765. Shrub 10
to 20 feet.
17 V. STAMINEUM (Lin. spec. 498.) racemes downy, with oval
bracteas as long as the flowers ; anthers biaristate on the back,
twice as long as the spreading bell-shaped corolla ; leaves ellip-
tic, acute, entire, glaucous and rather downy beneath. Tj • H.
Native from New England to Florida. Andr. bot. rep. 263.
V. album, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 285. V. elevatum, Banks,
herb. Lodd. cat.— Pluk. mant. 22. phyt. t. 339. f. 3. Trunk
2 feet high, with numerous green branches, which are downy
while young. Leaves 1-| or 2 inches long, on very short downy
stalks. Flowers decandrous, copious, white, having linear an-
thers, which are spurred near the base. Berries greenish or
white, called Deer-berries. The bracteas resemble the leaves,
but are much smaller. The V. album, Lin. is Xylosteum cilia-
turn fi, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 161. ; and therefore there is
no wonder that subsequent investigators could never ascertain the
V. album of Linnaeus. We must notice another error of Lin-
neeus, to prevent mistake. He cites, under V. stammeum, the
proper figure of Plukenet, but with a wrong synonyme or defini-
tion. Here also it falls to our lot to correct him respecting
another of Kalm's plants, V. mucronatum, which has ever re-
mained as unintelligible as V. album. His described specimen
is certainly a pomaceous plant.
far. /3; (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 267.) leaves
larger, ciliated on the nerves beneath and margins. Jj . F.
Native of Mexico, in woods between Pachuca and Real del
Monte. Shrub \ foot. Corolla campanulate, white.
Long-stamened Whortle-berry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1772.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
18V. DUMOSUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 356.) ra-
cemes downy, with oval bracteas : and the pedicels with 2 lan-
ceolate bracteoles ; leaves obovate, mucronate, entire, downy
and viscid ; ovarium hairy ; corolla bell-shaped, obtuse, longer
than the stamens. t?.H. Native from New Jersey to Florida,
in dry sandy woods, particularly in pine-forests. Curt. bot.
mag. 1106. Andr. bot. rep. 112. V. frondosum, Michx. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 230. V. hirtellum, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p.
357. A low bushy shrub, with round branches. Leaves 1^
inch long. Calycine segments fringed. Corollas white, tinged
with pink, rather large. Berries black, globular.
Far. /3, humile (Wats, dendr. brit. t. 32.) flowers white ; an-
thers red ; pedicels solitary, axillary ; shrub -| foot high.
Bushy Whortle-berry. Fl. June, July. Clt. 17?4. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
19V. CORYMBOSUM (Lin. spec. 499.) flowering branches almost
leafless ; racemes corymbose, drooping, with membranous brac-
teas, which are shorter than the downy flower-stalks ; leaves
elliptic, acute, minutely serrated, smooth, with downy ribs. fj .
H. Native from Canada to Carolina and Georgia, in swamps
and wet woods. Wats, dendr. brit. 123. V. amce'num, Ait.
hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 358. Andr. bot. rep. 138. V. diso-
morphum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 231. V. elevatum, Hort.
V. album, Lam. diet. 1. p. 13. A tall shrub, sometimes 7-8
854
. LII. VACCINIUM.
feet high, with numerous roughish terete branches, which are
somewhat angular and downy while young. Leaves 1-| to 2
inches long, tipped with a glandular point. Kacemes rising
from the branches of the preceding year, seldom accompanied
by leaves. Bracteas reddish, membranous, fringed. Calycine
segments broad and shallow. Corollas white or reddish, cylin-
drically urceolate, rather angular, contracted at the mouth.
Stamens 10, downy ; anthers inclosed, having a double pouch at
the base, but no spurs. Berries black, insipid. This species
has a number of varieties in size, shape, and colour.
Var. ft, virgatum (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 358.)
flowers white, tinged with crimson or pale red, very elegant,
smaller than the species, fj . H. Native of Virginia and Caro-
lina, in swamps. Andr. bot. rep. 181. Wats, dendr. brit. t. 33.
In Andrews's plate of V. virgdtwn, the racemes are accompanied
by leaves, of which we have seen no example in V. corymbbsum.
Shrub 2 feet high. Racemes short, lateral and terminal.
Var. y, fuscatum (Ait. hort. kew. 1. c.) flowers striped with
red and white ; calyx downy. Tj . H. Native of Lower Caro-
lina and Georgia, in swamps. V. formosum, Andr. bot. rep.
t. 97.
Var. £, angust ifolium ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, acuminated
at both ends, sessile, besprinkled with brown minute pedicellate
glands beneath, and hairy on the mid-rib above. V. virgatum,
var. angustifolium, Wats, dendr. brit. t. 34. Flowers almost
white.
Corymbose-flowered Whortle-berry. Fl. May, June. Clt.
1765. Shrub 4 to 7 feet.
20 V. MARIA' NUM (Wats, dendr. brit. t. 124.) racemes lateral,
numerous, many-flowered ; corolla cylindrical, contracted at the
mouth ; leaves elliptic, coriaceous, glabrous, distinctly and mi-
nutely denticulated. T; . H. Native of North America. Flowers
decandrous, white.
Maryland Whortle-berry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. Shrub
S feet.
21 V. GRANDiFLbRUM (Wats, dendr. brit. 125. f. a.) racemes
terminal, 3-4-flowered ; corollas cylindrical, contracted at the
mouth ; leaves lanceolate, finely serrated, attenuated at both
ends, glabrous. 17 . H. Native of North America. Flowers
white, decandrous.
Great-flowered Whortle-berry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812.
Shrub H foot.
22 V. ELONGA'TUM (Wats, dendr. brit. t. 125. B.) corymbs
few-flowered, bractless ; pedicels downy ; leaves elliptic-lanceo-
late, serrulated, tipped by a glandular hair each, and with a few
hairs on the nerves ; branchlets downy. J? . H. Native of
North America. Corollas white, with reflexed teeth.
Elongated Whortle-berry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
23 V. MINUTIFLORUM (Wats, dendr. brit. 125. c.) racemes ter-
minal, few-flowered ; corollas cylindrical, with erect teeth ;
leaves rather coriaceous, bluntly subserrated, each tipped by a
gland. >j . H. Native of North America. Flowers white.
Minnie-flowered Whortle-berry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812.
Shrub 1 foot.
24 V. GLA'BRUM (Wats, dendr. brit. t. 125. D.) spikes lateral ;
corollas campanulately cylindrical; leaves elliptic, entire, gla-
brous. T? . H. Native of North America. Flowers white.
Glabrous Whortle-berry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812.
Shrub.
25 V. BRACTEA'TUM (Thunb. fl. jap. 156.) racemes axillary,
longer than the glabrous, acute, serrated leaves ; bracteas lan-
ceolate, serrated; pedicels furnished with 2 awl-shaped brac-
teoles. Tj . F. Native of Japan, in the Island of Niphon.
Branches smooth, angular while young. Racemes 2-3 inches
357.)
V. frondosum,
p. 786.
Clt. 1761. Shrub
long ; pedicels secund, drooping. Corollas cylindrical, white.
The leaves may be evergreen.
Bracteate-Rovrered Whortle-berry. Shrub.
26 V. ciLiAVruM (Thunb. fl. jap. 156.) racemes axillary, longer
than the ovate, bristly, nearly entire leaves ; bracteas lanceolate,
smooth. Jj . F. Native of Japan, &c. where it is called Sas-
jebu. The stem is smooth, and the branches villous. Leaves
1-2 inches long, unequal. Flowers red, unilateral.
Ciliated-leaved Whortle-berry. Shrub.
27 V. FRONDOSUM (Lin. spec. 499.) racemes loose; bracteas
obovate, not half so long as the slender pedicels, which bear 2
small linear bracteoles in the middle ; leaves obovate-oblong,
obtuse, entire, smooth. Tj . H. Native from New Jersey to
Carolina, in open woods. Andr. bot. rep. 140. V. glaucum,
Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1, p. 231. Flowers small, almost glo-
bular, white. Berries large, blue, globular, eatable, called by
the country people Blue Tangles. Branchlets terete, smooth,
and slender. Leaves 2-3 inches long, glaucous beneath, and
sprinkled with minute resinous dots. Racemes lateral from the
former year's wood. Flowers drooping, greenish-white, shaped
like those of the Lily of the valley, but smaller ; anthers in-
closed.
Var. ft, venustum (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p.
leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends. J? . H.
var. /3, lanceolatum, Pursh, fl. bor. amer. 1.
Leafy Whortle-berry. Fl. May, June.
3 feet.
28 V. RESINOSUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 357.) ra-
cemes leafless, viscid, downy, with lanceolate bracteoles on the
pedicels ; leaves obovate-lanceolate, bluntish, entire, covered
with resinous dots ; calyx in 5 deep ovate segments, longer than
the ovarium. Tj . H. Native from Canada to Carolina, in
woods, and on mountains frequent. Curt. bot. mag. t. 1288.
Andromeda baccata, Wangh. amer. t. 30. f. 69. Branches te-
rete, downy when young. Leaves usually !•§• inch long, bright
green on both sides, rather viscid. Racemes lateral from last
year's wood, drooping. Flowers greenish-yellow. Berries black,
eatable.
Far. /3, rulescens (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 286.) corollas
redish. Tj . H. Curt. bot. mag. 1288.
Far. y, lutescens (Pursh, 1. c.) leaves lanceolate ; flowers red-
ish-yellow. Tj . H. V. parviflorum, Andr. bot. rep. 125.
Resinous Whortle-berry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1782. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
29 V. ARCTOSTA'PHYLOS (Lin. spec. 500.) racemes lateral ;
bracteas all at the base of the pedicels ; leaves elliptic, acute,
minutely serrated, hairy beneath ; stamens as long as the co-
rolla, which is bell-shaped, with very hairy filaments ; calyx
slightly 5-lobed. fj . H. Native on the coast of the Black
Sea, where it was gathered by Tournefort, who describes it as a
shrub about the height of a man, with a trunk as thick as a
man's arm. Young branches downy on two opposite sides.
Leaves 2J- inches long. Racemes from the wood of the preced-
ing year, below the fresh leafy shoots, drooping, rather hairy,
each composed of 8-10 pendulous flowers, of a dirty white
colour, tinged with purple. Anthers spurred at the base. Co-
rollas bell-shaped, hairy. Tournefort judges this to be, with
great probability, the ap/croora^uXof, or Bear's Grape, of
Galen. What the var. /3 of Linnaeus may be, we know not, as
nothing answerable to it is to be found in Tournefort's Corol-
larium.
Bear's-Grape Whortle-berry. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1800.
Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
30 V. PADIFOLIUM (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 22.) racemes
lateral ; bracteas all at the base of the pedicels ; leaves ovate-
ERICACEAE. LII. VACCINIUM.
855
lanceolate, acute, serrulated, smooth on both surfaces, except
the mid-rib ; stamens nearly as long as the bell-shaped corolla,
with smooth slightly fringed filaments ; calyx 5-lobed. 1? . F.
Native of Madeira, on the loftiest part of the island, where it
forms impenetrable thickets. V. arctostaphylos, Andr. bot. rep.
t. 30. Curt. bot. mag. 974. V. Maderense, Link. enum. 1.
p. 375. Corollas larger than those of the preceding, pale green,
with a purple tinge ; sometimes it appears to be all over purple
externally. The Caucasian plant, discovered by Pallas, is said
not to differ from that of Madeira. Pallas says the berries are
black, juicy, eatable, and gratefully acid ; and he sometimes found
the flowers 4- cleft.
Bird-cherry-leaved Bear's Grape. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1777.
Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
31 V. CYLINDRA'CEUM (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 23.) racemes
lateral ; bracteas serrated, all at the base of the pedicels ; leaves
elliptic-lanceolate, acute, serrulated, quite smooth, except the
base of the mid-rib ; stamens half the length of the cylindrical
corolla, with hairy filaments ; calyx slightly 5-toothed. fj . H.
Native of the Azores, on the mountains, where it is called Uva
de Serra, or Mountain-berry. Apparently arborescent. Branches
downy on the opposite sides. Racemes numerous, rising from
the wood of the preceding year. Flowers drooping, nearly an
inch long, apparently red or purple.
Cylindrical flowered Bear's Grape. Shrub or tree.
32 V. LEDIFO'LIUM (Pohl, pi. bras. 2. p. 36. t. 123.) racemes
axillary and terminal, loose, downy ; flowers unilateral ; leaves
sessile, linear, attenuated at the base, ciliated, glabrous above,
but yellowish-brown beneath, with the nerves downy, (j . G.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, on the
higher mountains, in dry places. Stem dark, hoary. Leaves
deciduous. Bracteas of two forms, acute, ciliated. Corolla
white, glabrous, having the teeth reflexed.
Ledum-leavcd Whortle-berry. Shrub 1 foot.
§ 2. Leaves evergreen.
* Flowers racemose.
33 V. MERIDIONA'LE (Swartz. fl. ind. occ. p. 676.) racemes
erect, downy ; bracteas coloured, solitary, ovate, at the base of
the pedicels ; leaves ovate, crenated, smooth ; stem arboreous.
fy . G. Native of Jamaica, on the Blue Mountains. Tree with
a very straight trunk and hard wood. Branches downy when
young. Leaves 1 inch long. Flowers drooping, reddish-white.
Corollas ovate, quadrangular before expansion, contracted at the
mouth, with 4 acute, recurved segments. Stamens 8, as long as
the corolla : their filaments hairy in the middle. Berries round-
ish, juicy, pleasantly flavoured, pale red, resembling those of
V. vltis-idce'a. The flowers are rarely 5-cleft, and decan-
drous. Racemes rising from the top of the wood of the preced-
ing year.
Southern Whortle-berry. Fl. March, June. Clt. 1778. Tree
10 to 30 feet.
34 V. CONFE'RTUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
265. t. 250.) racemes axillary, solitary, short, sessile, drooping,
about equal in length to the leaves ; leaves ovate elliptic, blunt-
ish, crenulated, coriaceous, glabrous ; flowers decandrous ; an-
thers mutic. fj . H. Native of Mexico, on high mountains
near Moran and Cerro de Oyamel. Branchlets angular, gla-
brous. Leaves 5-6 lines long, beset with scattered, brown, minute
dots beneath. Pedicels bibracteate at the base. Corolla cam-
panulate, white, with ovate, acute, recurved segments.
Crowded-leaved Whortle-berry. Shrub 1 foot.
FIG. 142.
35 V. FLORIBU'NDUM (H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
266. t. 251.) racemes terminal
and axillary, drooping, much
longer than the leaves ; leaves
oblong, acute, coriaceous, gla-
brous, crenulated ; flowers oc-
tandrous and decandrous ; an-
thers mutic. fj . G. Native of
Peru, on the mountains near
Caxamarca. Branchlets angu-
lar, downy. Leaves 6-7 lines
long, besprinkled with a few
black dots beneath. Corolla
campanulate, white, having a
quadrifid or quinquefid limb,
with oval bluntish segments.
Flowers about the size of those
of V. vitis-idce'a. Filaments membranous, ciliated. Racemes
approximate at the tops of the branches, bracteate (f. 142.)
Bundle-flowered Whortle-berry. Shrub.
36 V. IEUCA'NTHUM (Cham, in Linnaea. 7. p. 524.) arbore-
ous ; branches angular, sometimes downy ; leaves coriaceous, on
short petioles, oval-lanceolate, acute, glandularly serrated, hav-
ing the petioles and mid-rib downy above, the rest glabrous ;
racemes secund, rising from the branches of the preceding year,
leafless ; flowers drooping ; corollas urceolately campanulate ;
anthers biaristate. ^ . F. Native of Mexico, below St. Sal-
vador. Flowers white. Fruit black and edible. Nearly allied
to V. Meridionale.
White-flowered Whortle-berry. Shrub.
37 V. CARACCASA'NUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
266.) racemes axillary, twice longer than the leaves ; flowers
secund, octandrous or decandrous ; leaves elliptic, acute, crenu-
lated, coriaceous, glabrous, shining above ; anthers biaristate on
the back. T; • H. Native on the southern declivity of Mount
Silla de Caraccas. Branchlets angular, glabrous. Leaves shin-
ing above, 9-10 lines long. Racemes crowded at the tops of
the branches. Corolla campanulate, glabrous, reddish-white,
with a 4-5-parted limb ; segments ovate, acutish. Filaments
membranous, ciliated.
Caraccas Whortle-berry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1825. Shrub.
38 V. VITIS-ID^A (Lin. spec. 500.) racemes terminal, droop-
ing, with ovate concave bracteas, which are longer than the
pedicels ; leaves obovate, revolute, minutely toothed, dotted be-
neath ; corolla bell-shaped. Tj . H. Native of dry, barren,
stony woods and heaths in the north of Europe ; plentiful in
Scotland, Westmoreland, Derbyshire, and Wales. Mr. Pursh
says it occurs on rocks near the sea-coast, from Canada to New
England ; but the American plant is more robust than the Euro-
pean, with considerably larger leaves. Lodd. bot. cab. 616.
It has also been found in the islands of Kamtschatka, Una-
laschka, and St. Lawrence. Smith, engl. bot. 598. Fl. dan.
t. 40. Lodd. bot. cab. 1023. — Vitis-idae'a rubra, Cam.
epit. 136. Root creeping, woody. Stems ascending a span
high ; young branches terete, downy. Leaves like those of box,
but darker. Flowers pale pink, 4-cleft, octandrous. Anthers
without spurs. Berries blood-red, acid, austere, and bitter, less
palatable in tarts than either the Cranberry or Bilberry, but ex-
cellent in a rob or jelly, for colds and sore throats, as well as to
eat with roast meat ; to which latter purpose this jelly is univer-
sally applied by the Swedes, and forms a sauce to venison which
is thought superior to currant jelly. In Wales it is used with
roast mutton. It may be cultivated in a moist shady border of
bog-earth, like the Bleaberry.
856
ERICACEAE. LII. VACCINIUM.
Con-berry or Red Whortle-berry. Fl. June. Britain. Shrub
| foot.
39 V. MYRTIFOLIUM (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 229.) creep-
ing, quite smooth ; leaves petiolate, oval, shining, revolute,
sparingly and minutely toothed ; racemes axillary, nearly sessile,
of few flowers ; corolla bell-shaped, somewhat inflated, minutely
5-toothed ; anthers without dorsal horns. Jj . H. Native of
Carolina. Michaux describes the berries as small, globose,
crowned by the calyx, black, on short stalks.
Myrtle-leaved Whortle-berry. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1812.
Shrub creeping.
40 V. CRASSIFOLIUM (Andr. bot. rep. t. 105.) racemes lateral
and terminal, corymbose ; bracteas shorter than the pedicels ;
leaves elliptic, crenated, smooth, paler and veiny beneath ; co-
rolla bell-shaped ; stem diffuse. ^ • H. Native of Carolina.
Curt. bot. mag. 1152. A hairy shrub, requiring some shelter
from our variable winters and springs. Leaves not an inch long,
with a little minute pubescence on the mid-rib and petioles.
Flowers 5-cleft, decandrous, prettily variegated with pink and
white, drooping, on red corymbose stalks. Stamens hairy.
Thick-leaved Whortle-berry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1787.
Shrub trailing.
41 V. VILLOSUM (Smith, inRees'cycl. no. 29.) racemes longer
than the leaves ; pedicels, calyx, corolla, and lanceolate bracteas
densely hairy ; leaves elliptic, entire, revolute, coriaceous, with
a blunt point, hairy on the upper side. Tj . F. Native of
Mexico, from whence specimens were sent by Mutis to Linnaeus.
Branches densely hairy when young. Leaves crowded, an inch
long, on thick downy petioles, scarcely hairy beneath, except on
the mid-rib. Racemes towards the ends of the younger branches,
axillary, drooping, very hairy. Pedicels bracteolate. Corolla
purplish, with 5 hairy angles, and as many recurved teeth. Per-
haps a species of Gaylussacia.
Villous Whortle-berry. Shrub.
42 V. NITIDUM (Andr. bot. rep. t. 480.) racemes terminal,
corymbose ; bracteas shorter than the pedicels ; leaves elliptic-
obovate, acute, crenated, smooth and shining ; corollas cylin-
drical, fj . H. Native of Carolina. Curt. bot. mag. 1550.
Stems either erect or diffuse. Leaves -^ to 1 inch long, paler
and veiny beneath. Pedicels, bracteas, and calyx very smooth,
of a shining red or purple colour. Calyx of 5 broad, or rather
shallow segments. Corollas ovate, oblong, white or pink, with
5 slight spreading teeth, decandrous. The branches are downy
on two opposite sides.
Shining-\e&ved Whortle-berry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1794.
Shrub 1 foot, or decumbent.
43 V. SCHLECHTENDA'LII; racemes elongated, erect, and are as
well as the petioles, peduncles, and ribs of leaves on the under sur-
face, downy ; leaves rather coriaceous, permanent, with the nerves
and veins prominent on both surfaces, lanceolate or ovate-lan-
ceolate, acute, adpressedly serrated, callously mucronate at the
apex as well as the serratures, and running into the short pe-
tioles, at the base ; fructiferous branches nearly leafless, fj . F.
Native of Mexico, near Jalacinga, in woods. Vaccinium, nov.
spec. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linneea. C. p. 395. An erect, much-
branched, evergreen, smoothish shrub. Leaves 2 inches long,
and 9 lines broad. Bracteas linear, acute, caducous ; calyx bi-
bracteate at the base. Berries drooping, umbonate, crowned by
the minute calycine teeth.
Schlechtendal's Whortle-berry. Shrub.
44 V. BUXIFOLIUM (Salisb. par. t. 4.) racemes axillary, of few
flowers ; leaves petiolate, obovate, toothed or crenated, smooth
on both surfaces ; stems tufted ; corollas roundish-ovate ; fila-
ments glandular ; stigma capitate. fj . H. Native of the
western parts of Virginia, near Winchester and the Sweet
Springs. Curt. bot. mag. 928. Lodd. bot. cab. 648. V. bra-
chycerum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1 . p. 234. A handsome little
shrub, in stature and general aspect, resembling V. vitis-idce*a.
The leaves are, however, smooth, even, and not dotted on the
under side. Corollas globular, contracted at the mouth, not
bell-shaped. Stamens 10. Anthers spurless at the base, dis-
charging their pollen by lateral, not terminal apertures. Flowers
white, delicately striped with red.
Box-leaved Whortle-berry. Fl. June. Clt. 1794. Shrub |
foot.
45 V. OVA'TUM (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 290.) racemes
axillary and terminal, bracteate, short ; leaves on short petioles,
oblong, ovate, acute, revolute, serrated, smooth, coriaceous; co-
rolla cylindrical, campanulate ; calyxes acute. ^ . H. Found
by Governor Lewis on the banks of the Columbia River, and by
Mr. Menzies on the north-west coast of America. Hook, et
Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 144. Shrub much branched ;
branches hairy, as well as the petioles. The foliage is like
that of Pernettya mucronata.
Ovate-leaved Whortle-berry. Fl. May. Clt. 1826. Shrub.
46 V. CANADE'NSE (Richards, in Frankl. 1st journ. append),
leaves lanceolate, quite entire, downy ; racemes terminal ;
flowers fasciculate ; style inclosed. Ij . H. Native of Arctic
America.
Canadian Whortle-berry. Shrub.
47 V. SCA'BRUM (Pohl. pi. bras. 2. p. 37. t. 124.) racemes
terminal and axillary, longer than the leaves, beset with glan-
dular hairs ; leaves on short petioles, oblong, mucronate, with
revolute ciliated edges, scabrous, having the nerves hispid be-
neath. J? . G. Native of Brazil, in turfy bogs at Registo Velho
and Villa de Barbacena. Stems many from the same root,
leafy at the tops. Leaves scabrous above, and glabrous be-
neath, permanent. Pedicels pilose, bracteate at the base. Brac-
teas of two forms, deciduous. Corolla glabrous, campanulate,
white.
Scabrous Whortle-berry. Shrub 1 foot.
48 V. MONTA'NUM (Pohl, pi. bras. 2. p. 38. t. 125.) racemes
axillary, bracteate, pilose ; leaves on short petioles, oblong-
elliptic, mucronate, hardly narrowed at the base, glabrous, but
having the nerves on the under side rather pilose. T; . G. Na-
tive of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, in dry places on
Serra de Pinheiro. Leaves permanent, dark green above, and
yellowish-green beneath, 8 lines long and 4 broad. Flowers
unilateral. Corolla campanulate, glabrous, white.
Mountain Whortle-berry. Shrub diffuse.
* * Flowers disposed in scaly tufts, nearly sessile.
49 V. MYRSINITES (Michx. fl. bor. amer. l.p. 233.) flowers
in terminal and lateral tufts ; leaves sessile, oval, mucronate,
obscurely serrated, smooth and shining above, but rather hairy
and dotted beneath ; stem erect, much branched ; corolla oblong-
ovate. Jj . H. Native of Carolina and Florida, in dry sandy
woods. A beautiful little shrub, with slightly downy branches.
Leaves glandular beneath. Tufts of flowers axillary, with pur-
ple scales. Calycine segments scarlet. Corolla of a fine purple
colour, 5-toothed. Stamens 10.
Var. |3, lanceolalum (Pursh, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 290.) leaves
lanceolate, acute at both ends.
Var. y, obtusum (Pursh, 1. c.) leaves roundish-obovate.
Myrtle-like Whortle-berry. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? Shrub
small.
* * * Flowers solitary, pedicellate.
50 V. CE'REUM (Forst. prod. 28.) pedicels axillary, solitary, 1-
ERICACEAE. LII. VACCINIUM. LIII. OXYCOCCCS.
857
flowered, furnished with 2 lanceolate bracteas about the middle ;
leaves roundish-ovate, serrated ; calyx of 5 broad ovate pointed
segments. fj . F. Native of Otaheite and Owahu. Andro-
meda cerea, Lin. fil. suppl. 238. Branches terete, slightly downy
when young. Leaves mucronate, about an inch long. Corolla
ovate-oblong, with 5 angles, and 5 erect small segments. Sta-
mens 10. Anthers with 2 dorsal horns, according to Linnaeus.
Perhaps a species of Perneltya,
Waxy Whortle-berry. Shrub small, |- foot.
51 V. RETICULA'TUM (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 30.) pedicels
axillary', solitary, 1 -flowered, downy ; leaves obovate, more or
less serrated, coriaceous, with a' blunt point, strongly reticulated
on both sides, and nearly smooth. Jj . F. Native of the Sand-
wich Islands, on the high mountains, in woods, where it was col-
lected by Mr. Menzies. Branches when young angular and
downy. Leaves an inch long, with revolute margins. Pedicels
bractless, swelling upwards. Calyx in 4 or 5 deep-ribbed co-
loured segments, at length involute. Corolla cylindrical, twice
as long as the calyx, purple, slightly hairy, with 4 or 5 erect
blunt teeth. Style hairy. Berries globular, depressed, nearly
smooth.
Reticulated-leaved Whortle-berry. Shrub.
52 V. HUMIFU'SUM (Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. June, 1831.)
pedicels axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered, furnished with many brac-
teas ; leaves evergreen, ovate, acutish, quite entire, glabrous on
both surfaces, ciliated ; stem prostrate, creeping ; flowers decan-
drous; anthers obtuse, mutic. J?. H. Native of North America,
on the Rocky mountains. Branchlets downy. Flowers drooping.
Corollas campanulate, white, often partially tinged with red
outside, with reflexed teeth. Stigma capitate. Filaments gla-
brous, flattened. Fruit edible, well-flavoured.
Trailing Whortle-berry. Fl. May, June. Clt, 1827. Shrub
creeping.
53 V. PENDCLIFLORUM (Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. bot. p. 454.)
pedicels axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, elongated, pendulous in
the fruit-bearing state ; flowers decandrous ; calycine segments
lanceolate, one-half shorter than the corolla, which is campanu-
late and 5-angled ; anthers awned ; branches angular, leafy ;
leaves oblong, sharply serrated, rather coriaceous. T? . F. Na-
tive of the Sandwich Islands, at the altitude of 500 hexapods.
An erect glabrous shrub.
Pendulous-flowered Whortle-berry. Shrub.
54 V. MICROPHY'LLUM (Herb. Reinwdt. ex Blum, bijdr. p.
851.) stem shrubby; branchlets puberulous ; leaves oval,
obtuse, quite entire, with recurved margins, veiny, coriaceous,
glabrous; pedicels almost solitary, axillary, 1-flowered; co-
rollas urceolate ; anthers mutic ; calyx bractless. Tj . G. Na-
tive of the Celebes, on the mountains.
Small-leaved Whortle-berry. Shrub.
55 V. DENTA'TUM (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 31.) pedicels axil-
lary, solitary, 1-flowered, smooth; leaves obovate, with sharp tooth-
like serratures, coriaceous, veiny, very smooth ; calyx longer than
the smooth ovarium. tj . F. Native of the Sandwich Islands,
on the lofty mountains, where it was found by Mr. Menzius.
The branches are angular, and always smooth, like every other
part. Leaves rather longer than the V. reticulatum, with less
prominent veins. Calycine segments keeled.
TboJA-leaved Vaccinium. Shrub.
56 V. OBTU'SUM (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 290.) pedicels
axillary, solitary, 1-flowered; leaves small, oval, rounded, and
blunt at each end, mucronate, entire, coriaceous, smooth ; stem
creeping, fj . H. Native of the north-west coast of America,
where it was gathered by Mr. Menzies.
Blunt-leaveA Whortle-berry. Shrub.
57 V. EMPETRIFO'LIUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p, 263. t. 268.) creeping, auite ({labrous leaves approximate,
VOL. in.
subimbricated, obtuse, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous ; pedi-
cels solitary, axillary, 1-flowered ; flowers octandrous ; corollas
tubularly campanulate ; anthers mutic ; calyx bibracteate at the
base. Pj . G. Native of the western declivity of the burning
Mount Antisana, between Pintac and Pinantura. Leaves 2j
lines long. Corolla scarlet, glabrous : with ovate, acute, spread-
ing segments. Anthers dehiscing lengthwise. Filaments cili-
ated.
Empelrum-leaved Whortle-berry. Shrub creeping.
58 V. PENjEOiDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
264.) creeping, glabrous ; leaves approximate, subimbricated,
oblong, acute, obsoletely and remotely crenulated, stiff, glabrous,
a little ciliated; pedicels short, axillary, solitary, 1-flowered;
flowers octandrous ; calyx bibracteate ; anthers mutic. Tj . G.
Native of the province of Quito, at Mount Tunguragua, near
Cuchilla de Guandisava. Leaves 3 lines long. Branchlets
downy. Flowers solitary, on the tops of the branches. Corolla
tubularly campanulate, scabrous, with ovate acutish segments.
Filaments pilose.
Pencea-like Whortle-berry. Shrub creeping.
59 V. ACUMINA'TUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
264.) arboreous ; leaves approximately subimbricated, ovate,
acuminated, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous ; flowers axillary,
solitary, twin or tern, almost sessile, octandrous ; calyx bibrac-
teate ; anthers mutic. ? ^ . G. Native of New Granada, in
Paramo de Almaguer, and near Pansitara. Branches clothed
with rusty hairs, densely leafy. Leaves on short petioles, 3
lines long. Corollas nearly globose, white, with a quadrifid
reflexed limb. Filaments pilose.
4cuminated-leaved Whortle-berry. Shrub 10 to 15 feet.
60 V. ALATERNOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 265.)
arborescent? leaves roundish, elliptic, acutish, quite entire, ob-
soletely 3-nerved, coriaceous, glabrous ; flowers axillary, soli-
tary, twin or tern, sessile, octandrous ; calyx bibracteate ;
anthers mutic, half exserted. I? . G. Native of the Andes of
Peru, near Ayavaca. Branches downy. Leaves 8-9 lines long.
Corolla tubularly campanulate, white, with a quadrifid revolute
limb. Filaments villous.
Alaternus-like Whortle-berry. Shrub or small tree.
N. B. There are several plants with different names than
those above, in the gardens, but these names are only synony-
mous with some of the species described above, as V. pruni-
fdlium, F. hallericejolium, and V. salicinum.
Cult. All the species may be raised from seeds,, or from off-
set root-suckers, creeping roots, and trailing rooting stems.
Those also growing with several rooted stalks, may be divided
in the root and top into separate plants, in which way they suc-
ceed very well. The seeds should be sown, when that method
is pursued, in the autumn, as soon as they are ripe and gathered,
in a shady border ; and when the plants are up, and require to
be removed, keep a ball of earth about their roots. The offsets
or root-plants may be set out in the same season, in proper
places. The species are admitted into gardens and pleasure-
grounds for the sake of variety, curiosity, and ornament, and
some of them are grown for the use of their fruit. All thrive
best in peat soil, or very sandy loam. Some require to be grown
in moist situations, and others in dry. The stove and green-
house kinds should be treated as other green-house and stove
shrubs ; and cuttings of them strike readily in sand, under a
bell-glass ; those of the stove species in heat.
LIII. OXYCO'CCUS (from o£uc, oxys, sharp, and KOK-
KOS, tcokkos, a berry ; in reference to the sharp acid taste of the
berries). Pers. syn. 1. p. 419. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 263.
5 R
858
ERICACEAE. LIII. OXYCOCCUS. LIV. GAYLUSSACIA.
Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 250. — Vaccinium species of Lin. and
others.
LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-toothed. Co-
rolla 4-parted, with nearly linear revolute segments. Sta-
mens 8, with connivent filaments; anthers tubular, 2 -parted.
Berries many-seeded. — Small, prostrate, creeping, evergreen
shrubs, with small leaves, growing in sphagnose morasses.
Branches filiform, proliferous. Flowers produced at the base
of the spring branchlets, in short gemmaceous racemes ; pedi-
cels filiform, conspicuously bibracteate. Berries red, rarely
white, acid.
1 O. PALU'STRIS (Pers. ench. 1. p. 419.) stems filiform,
creeping ; leaves small, ovate, entire, acute, smooth, with
revolute margins ; pedicels terminal, 1-flowered ; segments of
corolla oval. Tj . B. H. Native of turfy mossy bogs in
the mountainous parts of Europe ; common 'in Switzerland,
Russia, Scotland, Ireland, and the north of England, as well
as in Lincolnshire and the neighbouring part of Norfolk. Mr.
Pursh speaks of it as common on the boggy mountains of
North America, from Canada to Pennsylvania, Island of Una-
laschka. O. vulgaris, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 263. O.
Europae'us, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 251. Vaccinium Oxycoccus,
Lin. spec. 500. Smith, engl. bot. t. 319. Oed. fl. dan. t. 80.
Vaccinium Oxycoccus, var. a, ovalifolius, Michx. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 228. Vaccinia palustris, Ger. emac. 1419. Lob.
icon. 2. t. 109. Oxycoccum, Cord. hist. 140. 2 f. 1. Leaves
convex, and dark shining green above, and glaucous beneath.
Stems reddish. Pedicels few together, about the tops of the
branches, red, slightly hoary. Corolla pink, with reflexed ob-
long segments. Stamens with purple downy filaments and yel-
low anthers. Berries pear-shaped, globular, often spotted,
crimson, of a peculiar flavour, with a strong acidity, grateful to
most people in the form of tarts, for which purpose they are
largely imported from Russia. Not long since, cranberries
from Lincolnshire and the north-west corner of Norfolk were
sold in the streets of Norwich by cart-loads ; but the extensive
inclosures have in many parts destroyed and drained their
native bogs. Li«htfoot records, that at Longtown, on the bor-
ders of Cumberland, not less than 201. or 30/. worth were sold
each market day, for 5 or six weeks together, and dispersed
over different parts of the kingdom. In Sweden, these berries
serve only to boil silver plate to its due degree of whiteness,
their sharp acid corroding the superficial particles of the copper
alloy.
Marsh or Common Cranberry. Fl. May, June. Britain.
Shrub creeping.
2 O. MACROCA'RPUS (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 263.) stems
prostrate, filiform, creeping ; leaves elliptic- oblong, nearly flat
and obtuse, distantly subserrulated on the margins, glaucous
beneath, downy at the points when young : segments of the co-
rolla linear-lanceolate ; flower-bearing branches erect, proli-
ferous ; pedicels lateral. T? • B. H. Native from Canada to Vir-
ginia, in bogs, principally on a sandy soil, and on high moun-
tains. Wats, dendr. brit. t. 122. Vaccinium macrocarpum,
Ait. hort kew. ed. 1. vol.2. 13. t. 7. Hook. bot.mag. 2506. Lam.
ill. t. 286. f. 4. Vaccinium hispidulum, Wangh. amer. t. 30.
f. 67. Vaccinium oxycoccus ft, oblongifblius, Michx. fl.
amer. bor. 1. p. 228. Points of young leaves, peduncles, and
the margins of the calyx and bracteas downy. Berries spheri-
cal, red, often remaining throughout the winter. This is a
larger and more robust plant than the preceding. Several
flowers come forth at the ends of the last year's branches, sur-
mounted by the shoots of the present year. The bracteas are
situated in the upper part of the pedicels in this, while in the
preceding they are situated at the lower part. The berries are
larger, and of a brighter red than the last, and are collected in
great abundance for making tarts in America, and exported from
thence to Europe ; but they always prove here far inferior in
quality to the Russian cranberries, however excellent in Ame-
rica. The best way of having American cranberries in Europe
is by cultivation in an artificial bog, with great plenty of water,
as first contrived by Sir Joseph Banks. A very few square
yards of ground thus employed will yield as many cranberries
as any family can use. If allowed to hang until they are full
ripe, as late as October, they are even better than the common
cranberry, and may be kept dry in bottles throughout the year.
Our wild cranberries have generally been gathered too early ;
as may also be the case with those brought from America.
" Wherever there is a pond," Mr. Neill observes, " the margin
may, at a trifling expence, be fitted up for the culture of this
plant, and it will continue productive for many years. All that
is necessary is to drive in a few stakes 2 or 3 feet within the
margin of the pond, and to place some old boards within these,
so as to prevent the soil of the cranberry-bed from falling into
the water ; and lay a parcel of small stones or rubbish in the
bottom, and over it peat or bog earth, to the depth of about 3
inches above and 7 inches below the surface of the water. In
such a situation the plants grow readily ; and if a few be put in
they entirely cover the bed in the course of a year or two, by
means of their long runners, which take root at different points.
From a very small space a large quantity of cranberries may be
gathered ; and they prove a remarkable regular crop, scarcely
affected by the state of the weather, and not subject to the
attack of insects.
Large-Jruiled or American Cranberry. Fl. May, July. Clt.
1760. Shrub creeping.
3 O. ERE'CTUS (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 264.) leaves oval,
acuminated, serrulated and ciliated ; pedicels axillary ; corolla
before expansion long and conical, at length revolute; stem
erect, tj . H. Native of Virginia and Carolina, on the high
mountains. Wats, dendr. brit. t. 31. Vaccinium erythro-
carpum, Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 227. Branches flexuous.
Leaves membranous, somewhat hairy. Flowers red. Berries
scarlet, (black, ex Wats,) and quite transparent, of an exquisite
taste. Very different in habit from the other species.
Erect Cranberry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1806. Shrub 2 feet.
Cult. When any of the species are grown for the sake of
their berries, they should be planted in an artificial bog, as men-
tioned under 0. macrocdrpus. But when grown only for hav-
ing a specimen of the plants, they will grow well in pots filled
with peat and sand, having sphagnum set round their roots :
the pots should be well drained with sherds, and set in deep
pans of water.
LIV. GAYLUSSA'CIA (named after L. Gay-Lussac, a
celebrated French physician, and member of the Academy of
Sciences, Paris). Humb. Bonpl. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 275. t. 257. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 528.
Lussacia, Spreng. — Thibaudia species, Humb.
LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx 5-cleft.
Corolla tubular, ventricose at the base ; limb 5-toothed. Sta-
mens 10, inserted in the limb of the calyx, inclosed; anthers
mutic, drawn out from the top into 2 little tubes. Style erect ;
stigma depressedly capitate. Drupe nearly globose, clothed by
the calyx, 10-celled; cells 1 -seeded. Seeds lenticular, smooth.
— Evergreen or deciduous shrubs. Leaves scattered, coriaceous,
each terminated by a mucrone or gland. Racemes axillary,
approximate. Flowers scarlet, bracteate. Very nearly allied to
2'hibaudia, but very distinct.
* Corollas urceolate, or cylindrical.
1 G. BUXIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 276.
ERICACEAE. LIV. GAYLUSSACIA.
859
t. 257.) young branchlets hispid; leaves elliptic or elliptic-
oblong, rounded at both ends, terminated by a depressed brown
gland, pilosely pubescent on both surfaces with minute scattered
glands beneath, toothed at the apex ; racemes axillary and ap-
proximate at the tops of the branches ; flowers and fruit downy,
fj . S. Native near Caraccas, on Mount Avila, and near Santa
Fe de Bogota. Corollas scarlet. Calycine segments ovate,
acute.
Box-leaved Gaylussacia. Shrub.
2 G. IMBRICA'TA (Pohl. pi. bras. 2. p. 40. t. 126.) leaves im-
bricated, oval-elliptic, minutely crenated at the apex, terminated
by a callous mucrone ; calyx and corolla glabrous ; bracteas of
2 forms, linear-lanceolate and oblong acute. ^ • G. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro, at Rio Tejucco, on the
mountains. G. buxifolia, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. vol. 1.
p. 528. but not of H. B. et Kunth. Leaves permanent, clothed
with yellow down on the nerves beneath. Racemes many-flow-
ered, 2 inches long, downy. Flowers scarlet or crimson.
Imbricated-leaved Gaylussacia. Shrub 2 feet.
3 G. PU'LCHRA (Pohl. pi. bras. 2. p. 41. t. 127.) leaves
oblong-elliptic, quite entire, with revolute edges, each terminated
by a short callous mucrone, glabrous above, but pilose on the
nerves and veins beneath, as well as the calyxes ; corollas gla-
brous ; bracteas of two forms, linear and oblong, acute. *j . G.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, by way-
sides about Arrayal St. Joao Baptista. Stem branched, hoary.
Branches leafy, glabrous, floriferous at the tops. Leaves deci-
duous, remote, green above and yellowish-green beneath, 1J
inches long and 8 lines broad. Racemes loose.
Fair Gaylussacia. Shrub 2 feet.
4 G. DEPE'NDENS ; branchlets angular, downy ; leaves ovate,
mucronate, cinereous ; flowers axillary, aggregate ; teeth of
calyx ovate, acute. Fj . G. Native of Peru. Vaccinium
dependens, Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb. Leaves an inch
long.
Dependent Gaylussacia. Shrub.
5 G. MICROPHY'LLA ; branchlets pilose, terete ; leaves ovate,
acuminated, striated beneath ; flowers solitary, nearly sessile ;
calycine teeth ovate, acute. Jj . G. Native of Peru. Leaves
hardly more than a line and a half long. Flowers scarlet, (v. s.
in herb. Lamb.).
Small-leaved Gaylussacia. Shrub.
6 G. CRENAVTA (D. Don, mss. in herb. Lamb.) branchlets
terete, downy ; leaves oblong, acute, crenated ; flowers aggre-
gate ; calycine teeth ovate, acute. J? . G. Native of Peru.
Leaves half an inch long. Flowers scarlet.
CVenaterf-leaved Gaylussacia. Shrub.
7 G. RUGOSA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. I. p. 534.)
branches hispid ; leaves oblong, retuse, rugose, with revolute
margins, scabrous above and hairy beneath, furnished with 2-3
short teeth on each side; racemes secund, drooping, 8-10-flow-
ered, beset with glandular hairs ; corollas tubularly urceolate,
hairy on the angles and at the tops of the segments ; young leaves
beset with pili, which are tipped with black glands, t} . G. Na-
tive of Brazil, without the tropic. Filaments ciliated. Calycine
teeth narrow, acuminated.
Rugose Gaylussacia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
8 G. RHODODE'NDRON (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p.
533.) branches hispid ; leaves nearly glabrous, elliptic, nar-
rowed at the base ; petioles pruinose, obsoletely serrated towards
the apex ; racemes lateral, secund, drooping ; corollas cylindri-
cal, fj . G. Native of Brazil, within the tropic. Racemes
terminal, or nearly so, and axillary. Flowers dense, secund.
Pedicels hispid. Calycine segments short, elliptic, obtuse, cili-
ated. Corollas pilose or smoothish.
Rhododendron Gaylussacia. Shrub.
9 G. PSEU'DO-VACCINIUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1.
p. 530.) glabrous or downy ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate ; racemes
terminal, aggregate ; corollas cylindrical ; ovarium glabrous.
Jj . G. Native of Brazil, within the tropic, in open sandy places ;
near Caravellos Freireis. Vaccinium Brasiliensis, Spreng. nov.
prov. p. 42. syst. 2. p. 212. Leaves obsoletely serrated to-
wards the top, with a few ciliae at the base of the younger leaves.
Racemes axillary, erect, secund, bracteate, of a fine crimson colour,
as well as the corollas, which are cylindrically urceolate ; calycine
teeth roundish, acuminated. There are glabrous and downy
varieties of this species.
False-vaccinium Gaylussacia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
10 G. MYRTIFOLIA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 8. p. 494.)
leaves obovate-lanceolate, acute, terminated by an obtuse callous
point, with serrulated reflexed margins, an inch long ; racemes
crimson, usually solitary, nearly terminal, erect, exceeding in
leaves; calycine segments short, ovate, acuminated. Tj . G. Na-
tive of Brazil, within the tropic. Corolla tubular, ventricose.
Young branches pilose. Young leaves ciliated. Leaves yellowish
beneath, pilose on the petiole and midrib.
Myrtle-leaved Gaylussacia. Shrub.
11 G. SALICIFOLIA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 532.)
quite glabrous and pruinose ; leaves oblong, lanceolate, with ad-
pressed serratures towards the apex ; flowers 1-4 together, from
the axils of the younger leaves ; pedicels filiform, short, droop-
ing, bractless ; corolla cylindrical, plicate, with obtuse reflexed
segments. ^ . G. Native of Brazil, within the tropic. Flowers
not seen. Calycine teeth broad from the base, acuminated.
Willow-leaved Gaylussacia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
12 G. LANCEOLA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 861.) stem parasitical ;
leaves oblong- lanceolate, acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous, reti-
culately veined, and triple-nerved beneath ; racemes axillary,
simple, and are., as well as the calyxes, tomentose ; pedicels tri-
bracteate at the base. ^ . G. Native of Java, on trees on the
mountains. Anthers biaristate on the back, beneath the apex.
Stigma truncate, simple. Capsule 10-celled; cells 1 -seeded.
Lanceolate-leaved Gaylussacia. Shrub.
13 G. DE'NSA (Cham, in Linnaea. 8. p. 490.) leaves rather in-
conspicuously and bluntly crenulated in front, and terminating
in an erect mucrone ; inflorescence crimson ; calycine segments
triangular ; stamens glabrous. J? . G. Native of Brazil,
within the tropic. Branches, petioles, and rachi canescent from
down, with the nerves and margin densely ciliated, as well as
the bracteas and calyxes. Corolla glabrous, rarely pilose on
the nerves.
Var. /3 ; branchlets, rachi, and petioles, downy from shorter
hairs ; bracteas and calyxes ciliated ; nerves and veins of
leaves prominent beneath. Jj . G.
Var. -y ; leaves coriaceous, having the nerves and veins hardly
conspicuous beneath, quite glabrous in the adult state.
Dense- flowered Gaylussacia. Shrub.
14 G. MYRTILLOIDES (Cham, in Linnaea. 8. p. 498.) leaves
sharply serrated in front, ending in a straight mucrone ; caly-
cine segments lanceolate, length of the corolla ; filaments cili-
ated, length of anthers. ^ . G. Native of Brazil, within the
tropic. Branchlets, petioles, rachi, pedicels, and ovaries, beset
with long spreading white hairs. Inflorescence crimson, glandu-
liferous. Leaves having the margins and,nerves beneath pilose
in the young state. Bracteas and calyxes pectinately ciliated.
Corollas glabrous.
Myrtle-like Gaylussacia. Shrub.
15 G. PA'LLIDA (Cham, in Linnaea. vol. 8. p. 499.) branches
marked by cicatrices occasioned by the falling of the leaves ;
leaves nearly sessile, quite entire, usually acute, terminating
K » a
U it At
860
ERICACEAE. LIV. GAYLUSSACIA. LV. THIBAUDIA.
each in an inflexed white mucrone ; flowers pale, clothed with
glandular down ; bracteas foliaceous, green, length of flowers ;
bracteoles somewhat foliaceous, lanceolate, situated under the
calyxes ; calycine segments lanceolate, about a third the length
of the corolla ; filaments villous, about a fourth the length of the
anthers. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, within the tropic.
Pale-flowered Gaylussacia. Shrub.
16 G. ANGUSTIFOJ.IA (Cham, in Linnaea. 8. p. 499.) branches,
petioles, inflorescence, and calyxes downy ; leaves coriaceous,
linear-lanceolate, narrowed into the short petioles at the base,
ending each in a callous acute point, with reflexed inconspicu-
ously serrulated edges, shining above and rufescent beneath ; ra-
cemes axillary, nearly terminal, erect, exceeding the leaves ;
lower bracteas foliaceous : superior ones coloured ; calycine seg-
ments ovate, acuminated, or acutely triangular, and are, as well
as the bracteas, ciliated ; corollas cylindrical, downy on the
nerves ; filaments villous, shorter than the anthers. Jj . S.
Native of equinoxial Brazil. Inflorescence coloured.
Narrow-leaved Gaylussacia. Shrub.
17 G. PINIFOLIA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 536.
and 8. p. 500.) quite glabrous and pruinose ; leaves linear, acute
at both ends, crenated ; peduncles axillary, 1-3-flowered, fur-
nished with small glandularly serrated bracteas ; corolla urceo-
late, with short erect teeth. ^ . S. Native of equinoxial Brazil.
The young leaves at the tops of the branches and flowers are
crimson. Calycine teeth ovate, acuminated, cuspidate, with
glandularly ciliated edges.
Pine-leaved Gaylussacia. Shrub | to 1 foot.
* * Corollas campunulate.
18 G. PSEU'DO-GAULTHE'RIA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1.
p. 535.) branches straight, hispid ; leaves narrow-elliptic, sub-
cordate, scabrous on both surfaces, obsoletely serrulated towards
the top ; racemes axillary and terminal at the tops of the
branches, approximate, secund, erect, hispid, bracteate. Tj . S.
Native of Brazil, within the tropic. Stems rising from the root,
biennial or triennial, about a foot high, branched. Flowers
white, hardly crimson. Corollas campanulate, with hairy an-
gles. Calycine teeth narrow, lanceolate. Ovarium hairy, glan-
dular.
False GauUheria Gaylussacia. Shrub 1 foot.
19 G. DECIPIENS (Cham, in Linnaea. 8. p. 500.) branches
hairy ; leaves coriaceous, elliptic, obtuse, attenuated at the base,
obsoletely crenated towards the apex ; racemes from the axils
of the ultimate leaves, secund, erect ; calycine teeth triangular,
acuminated ; corolla campanulate, pilose on the angles, with
erect triangular teeth, fj . S. Native of Brazil, within the
tropic. G. buxit'olia, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 528.
but not of H. B. et Kunth. Leaves glabrous above, but pubes-
cent on the nerves beneath. Corollas white, campanulate, not
scarlet. This species has been referred to G. imbricata by
Pohl, but it differs from it in the flowers being campanulate and
white, not scarlet.
Deceiving Gaylussacia. Shrub 1 to 1^ foot.
20 G. AMOZ'NA (Cham, in Linnaea. 8. p. 501.) branches,
petioles, and inflorescence downy ; calyxes glabrous, but are, as
well as the bracteas, ciliated with glandular hairs ; leaves on
very short petioles, ending each in a callous mucrone, serrulated
in front, with reflexed margins covered with resinous dots be-
neath, having the veins and nerves prominent beneath ; racemes
nearly terminal, erect, elongated ; calycine segments ovate, acu-
minated ; corolla campanulate, glabrous, filaments ciliated, half
the length of the anthers ; bracteas foliaceous. Ty . G. Native
of Brazil, within the tropic. Flowers white.
Var. a. \ leaves obovate-cuneated, rounded.
Far. /3 ; leaves narrower, blunt at the base, acuter at the
apex, oblong or lanceolate.
Pleasant Gaylussacia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
21 G. INCA'NA (Cham, in Linnaea. 1. p. 536.) clothed with
hoary tomentum ; leaves oblong, with revolute margins, quite
entire; racemes axillary and terminal, approximate at the tops
of the branches, secund, erect ; corollas campanulate, downy.
Tj . G. Native of Brazil, within the tropic. Leaves cinereous
above and white beneath. Calycine teeth lanceolate. Corolla
downy, as well as the filaments.
Hoary Gaylussacia. Shrub 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Agarula, p. 838.
All the species are extremely elegant when in blossom, and are
therefore very desirable plants in every collection.
LV. THIBAU'DIA (named after Thiebaut de Berneaud,
secretary of the Linnaean Society of Paris ; author of several
botanical memoirs). Pav. mss. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 268. Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. vol. 4. ined. — Cavinium
Aub. du Pet. Th.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx urceolar ; limb
5-lobed. Corolla tubular, coarctate at the apex and 5-toothed.
Stamens 10, inclosed ; filaments very short, dilated ; anthers
2-celled, shortly spurred at the base, drawn out into two tubes
at the apex ; cells or tubes parallel, dehiscing lengthwise by a
linear fissure. Ovarium 5-celled. Style pentagonal. Stigma
ample, peltate. Berry 5-celled; cells many-seeded. Seeds
minute, angular, dotted. — Shrubs. Natives of Peru. Leaves
evergreen, coriaceous, quite entire, nerved. Flowers drooping,
bracteate, disposed in lateral corymbose racemes.
1 T. BRACTEA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 388. ined).
leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, 5-nerved ; bracteas large,
permanent, coriaceous, 2-lobed ; anthers spurred at the base.
fj . S. Native of Peru. Branches angular, glabrous. Leaves
rounded at the base, 2-3 inches long, petiolate. Flowers dis-
posed in terminal thyrsoid corymbs at the tops of the branches.
Corollas scarlet, nearly an inch long. Bracteas imbricated.
Filaments bearded at the apex.
Bracteate Thibaudia. Shrub.
2 T. MELLIFERA (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. t. 387. f. b.) branches
terete, downy ; leaves oblong, obtuse, feather-nerved, acute at
the base ; flowers axillary, corymbose, bractless ; limb of calyx
nearly entire ; corollas short, fj . S. Native of Peru. Leaves
2-3 inches long, on short petioles, glabrous. Bracteas small.
Peduncles downy. Limb of calyx obsoletely 5-lobed. Fila-
ments glabrous.
Honey-bearing Thibaudia. Shrub.
3 T. PUNCTATIFOLIA (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. t. 387. f. a.) leaves
oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, 5-nerved, rounded at the base,
dotted beneath ; calyx bluntly 5-lobed ; racemes elongated,
nodding ; bracteas large, oblong, mucronate, adpressed ; corollas
ventricose ; filaments glabrous. I? . S. Native of Peru. Leaves
a hand long, glabrous. Petioles short, robust. Branchlets an-
gular. Racemes a span long, many-flowered. Flowers droop-
ing. Corolla ventricose, an inch long.
Dolled-leaved Thibaudia. Shrub.
4 T. COARCTA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. t. 385.) branchlets angu-
lar, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, 5-nerved, rounded
at the base ; flowers aggregate ; bracteas 2-lobed, roundish,
coriaceous ; calycine teeth acute ; filaments glabrous. T? . S.
Native of Peru. T. bicolor, Dunal. in herb. Lamb. Leaves 3-4
inches long, marked with white veins above. Flowers peduncu-
ERICACEAE. LV. THIBAUDIA.
861
late, subcorymbose, 5-10 together, drooping. Berries large.
Corolla 1^ inch long.
Coarctate-fiowered. Thibaudia. Shrub.
5 T. CAUIIALA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. t. 386.) branchlets angu-
lar ; leaves nearly sessile, cordate-oblong, obtuse, denticulated ;
racemes few-flowered ; bracteas lanceolate, acuminated ; caly-
cine teeth short, acute ; filaments glabrous. tj . S. Native of
Peru. ' Leaves 4 inches long, feather-nerved. Bracteas perma-
nent, lanceolate, coriaceous. Corolla an inch long.
Wing-stemmed Thibaudia. Shrub.
6 T. ELLIPTICA (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. t. 384. f. b.) branchlets
angular ; leaves elliptic-oblong, with revolute margins ; flowers
aggregate ; calycine teeth acutish, very short. Ij . S. Native
of Peru. Leaves 3 inches long, attenuated at the base, on short
petioles, feather-nerved. Peduncles half an inch long.
Elliptic-leaved Thibaudia. Shrub.
7 T. EMARGINA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. t. 384. f. a.) branch-
lets terete, glabrous ; leaves obovate, emarginate, bristly be-
neath ; flowers solitary ; calyx obsoletely 5-toothed ; corollas
conical ; filaments glabrous. 1? . S. Native of Peru. Leaves
lj inch long, 3-nerved, acute at the base. Corolla ventri-
cose, 3 lines long. Flowers pendulous. Peduncles glabrous.
Emarginate-leaved Thibaudia. Shrub.
8 T. FLORIBUNDA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 269.
t. 254.) branchlets terete, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, acumi-
nated, reticulately veined, glabrous, as well as the inflorescence ;
racemes axillary, solitary ; bracteas imbricated ; filaments gla-
brous. 1? . S. Native of New Grenada, near Santa Fe de Bo-
gota. Leaves 5 inches long. Calycine teeth ovate, acute.
Corolla ventricose, scarlet.
Bundle-Jlonered Thibaudia. Shrub.
9 T. LONGIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, I. c.) branchlets pentagonal,
glabrous ; leaves long-lanceolate, acuminated, obtuse at the
base, reticulately triple and quintuple-nerved, and are, as well
as the calyxes and corollas, glabrous. Pj . G. Native of the
Andes, about Quindiu, near La Seja. Leaves 6-7 inches long.
Racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves. Flowers size and
structure of those of the preceding species.
Long-leaved Thibaudia. Shrub.
10 T. FALCA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branchlets terete, gla-
brous, fuscescent ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, falcate at the
apex, acute at the base, reticulately quintuple-nerved, and are,
as well as the calyx and corollas, glabrous, fj . S. Native of
New Granada, near Almaguer. Leaves 8 inches long. Ra-
cemes axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves.
Falcate-leaved Thibaudia. Shrub.
11 T. MACROPHY'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 270.) branchlets
terete, glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, rounded
at the base, reticulately quintuple-nerved, and are, as well as
the calyx and corollas, glabrous. I? . S. Native on the Andes,
about Popayan, near Pindamon and Palace. Leaves on short
petioles, 8-9 inches long. Racemes axillary, solitary, nearly
sessile, 3 or 4 times shorter than the leaves. Corollas large,
tubular, white, but red and ventricose below. Calycine teeth
short, acute.
Long-leaved Thibaudia. Shrub 10 feet.
12 T. RUPE'STRIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 270.) branchlets
downy, striated a little ; leaves lanceolate, bluntish, acute at the
base, reticulately veined, glabrous above and downy beneath,
especially on the nerves ; calyxes glabrous. Tj . S. Native of
New Granada, in Paramo de Saragura, near Loxa and Alto de
Pulla. Leaves 3 inches long. Racemes axillary. Fruit nearly
globose, about the size of those of Prunus spinosa.
Roek Thibaudia. Shrub.
13 T-. NITIDA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 271.) branchlets trigo-
nal, ? glabrous, fuscescent ; leaves oblong, obtuse, rounded at
the base, somewhat quintuple-nerved, shining, and are, as well
as the calyxes and corollas, glabrous, fj . S. Native on the
eastern declivities of the Andes, about Quindiu, between Que-
brada de Tochecito and La Seja. Leaves on short petioles, 4
inches long, beset with minute dots beneath. Racemes axillary,
solitary, almost sessile, 2 inches long, involucrated by large
roundish-ovate, obtuse, concave, coloured bracteas at the base.
Shining-leaved Thibaudia. Shrub.
14 T. CORDIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 271. t. 255.)
branchlets furrowed, resinous, shining ; leaves ovate, cordate,
obtuse, quintuple or septuple-nerved, shining above, and are, as
well as the calyxes, glabrous ; corollas downy. Jj . G. Native
of New Granada, on the Andes. Bracteas oblong, obtuse,
coloured, concave. Calycine teeth ovate, acute. Corolla tubu-
lar, ventricose. Racemes axillary at the tops of the branches,
solitary, sessile, hardly longer than the leaves. Filaments gla-
brous.
Heart-leaved Thibaudia. Shrub.
15 T. MELASTOMOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 272.) bjanch-
lets terete, smooth, brown, glabrous ; leaves oblong, short-acu-
minated, rounded at the base, rather cordate, reticulately quin-
tuple-nerved, and are, as well as the calyxes and corollas, gla-
brous, t? . G. Native along with the preceding. Leaves
having minute scattered dots beneath, 3 inches long, and an inch
broad. Racemes axillary, solitary, sessile, shorter than the
leaves, covered with the imbricated bracteas before expansion.
Bracteas oblong, concave, rounded at the apex.
Melastoma-like Thibaudia. Shrub.
16 T. STROBUUFERA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 272.) branch-
lets downy, obsoletely angular ; leaves oblong, acuminated,
rounded at the base, reticulately triple or quintuple-nerved, and
are, as well as the calyxes and corollas, glabrous. fj • G. Na-
tive of New Granada, in frigid places, between Rio Uduchapa
and Paramo de Saraguru, near Loxa. Leaves beset with black
dots beneath, reticulately 3-5-nerved, 2-j inches long. Racemes
axillary, solitary, sessile, shorter than the leaves, strobile
formed before expansion. Bracteas at the base of the pedicels,
oblong, rounded and ciliated at top. Corolla tubular, ventri-
cose at the base, red. Calycine teeth short, ovate, acute. Fila-
ments ciliated.
Strobile-bearing Thibaudia. Shrub.
17 T. SCABKIU'SCULA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. e. p. 272.) branches
terete, roughish ; branchlets angular, downy, fuscous ; leaves
oblong, acuminated, rounded and subcordate at the base,
roughish from dots above, downy on the nerves beneath, and
beset with minute black dots between the nerves ; branchlets,
calyxes, and corollas downy, fj . G. Native about Quindiu,
on the Andes. Inflorescence like that of the preceding spe-
cies.
Roughish Thibaudia. Shrub.
18 T. PUBE'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 273.) climbing:
branchlets trigonal, hairy; leaves oblong, or oblong-elliptic,
acuminated, rounded at the base, reticulately quintuple or sep-
tuple-nerved, glabrous above, but downy beneath, as well as the
calyxes and corollas. Jj . ^,, S. Native near Caraccas, on
Mount Avila, between Puerta de la Silla and El Pexual : also
of New Granada, near Ibague and Boca del Monte. Branches
red. Leaves 5 inches long and 2 broad. Racemes axillary,
solitary, sessile, covered by the bracteas before expansion, 1 to
1^ inch long. Corolla whitish-red. Calyxes with ovate-oblong,
obtuse, spreading teeth. Filaments glabrous.
Downy Thibaudia. Shrub climbing.
19 T. QUERE'ME (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 274. t. 256.)
branchlets terete, glabrous, brown ; leaves oval-elliptic, acumi-
862
ERICACEAE. LV. THIBABDIA. LVI. AGAPETES.
nated, acute at the base, reticulately quintuple-nerved ; branches,
calyxes, and corollas glabrous. lj . S. Native of South Ame-
rica, in the province of Choco, in one place near the town of
Cali, towards Cerro de San Antonio, where it is called Quereme
de Call. Leaves 3 or 3^ inches long. Pedicels tribracteate at
the base, red. Corollas tubular, ventricose at the base, red.
Calycine teeth ovate, acute, short. The flowers, bracteas, and
wood, are very sweet scented when dried, and which scent is
easily communicated to water, spirits, or wine. Spirits of wine
saturated with this aroma smells like cloves, and is useful in
mitigating tooth-ache.
Quereme Thibaudia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
20 T. ARnisijEFOLiA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 274.) branches
terete, glabrous ; leaves opposite, sessile, oblong, obtuse, sub-
cordate, reticulately nerved, and are, as well as the branches,
calyxes, and corollas, glabrous. Pj . S. Native of New Gre-
nada, near Fusagaruga, in woody places. Leaves 3% inches
long, with diaphanous edges. Racemes axillary, sessile, soli-
tary, pendulous, girded by small imbricated bracteas at the
base. Corollas cylindrically tubular, scarlet, with a white limb.
Calycine teeth ovate, acute, ciliated.
Ardisia-leaved Thibaudia. Tree 16 to 20 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Agarista, p. 838.
Extremely elegant shrubs when in blossom.
LVI. AGAPETES (from ayair»)roe, agapetos, beloved ;
in reference to the plants being showy). D. Don, mss. in
herb. Lamb. Thibaudia species, Wall and Blume. Ceratos-
tema species, Roxb.
LIN. SYST. Decandria Monogy'nia, Limb of calyx 5-cleft.
Corolla tubular; limb 5-cleft. Stamens 10; filaments very
short, flattened ; anthers mutic, very long, furnished at the base
with a short thick appendage, exserted, emarginate at the
apex ; cells of anthers confluent, filiform, glabrous. Stigma
clavate. Ovarium 5-celled. Berry 5-celled, many-seeded.
Seeds angular. — Evergreen shrubs, natives of the East Indies.
Leaves lanceolate, coriaceous, with denticulated margins.
Flowers corymbose and racemose, rarely almost solitary. Co-
rollas scarlet.
§ 1 . Corollas tubular.
1 A. SEiioERA (D. Don, in herb. Lin. soc.) leaves scattered,
lanceolate, petiolate, acuminated, obtuse at the base ; flowers
disposed in racemose corymbs ; peduncles and calyxes hispid ;
filaments bearded ; anthers bifid ; segments of corolla ovate-
oblong. Jj . G. Native of the East Indies, on the Pundua
mountains. Thibaudia setigera, Wall. cat. no. 752. Leaves
about 4 inches long, on very short robust petioles, obsoletely
denticulated. Flowers numerous, in lateral and terminal co-
rymbose racemes, furnished with bristly hairs. Corolla about
an inch long.
Bristle-bearing Agapetes. Shrub.
2 A. VERTICILLA'TA (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves verticillate, lanceo-
late, acuminated, finely denticulated, acute at the base ; flowers
corymbose ; peduncles and calyxes hispid ; corolla glabrous,
with short blunt lobes ; filaments nearly 'smooth ; anthers bifid.
fj G. Native of the East Indies, on the Pundua mountains.
Thibaudia verticillata, Wall. cat. no. 753. Leaves on very short
petioles, disposed in interrupted verticillate fascicles. Corolla
scarcely an inch long. Stigma almost simple.
Whorled-\ea.\e& Agapetes. Shrub.
3 A. LORANTHIFLORA (D. Don. 1. c.) leaves sessile, lanceolate,
bluntly acuminated, quite entire ; flowers generally solitary ;
segments of the corolla elongated ; anthers emarginate at the
apex ; filaments and corollas smoothish. 1? . G. Native of the
East Indies. Thibaudia loranthifolia, Wall. cat. no. 754.
Leaves 3 inches long, cuneate-lanceolate. Calyx with ovate
acute teeth, and is, as well as the peduncles, rather bristly.
Segments of corolla ovate at the base.
Loranlhus-florvered Agapetes. Shrub.
4 A. VARIEGA'TA (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves on short petioles, lan-
ceolate, acuminated, denticulated, attenuated at the base, veiny ;
flowers lateral, corymbose ; segments of corolla lanceolate, re-
volute ; filaments bearded ; anthers bifid. ^ • G. Native of
the East Indies, on the Pundua mountains. Thibaudia varie-
gata, Wall cat. no. 751. Leaves 6 inches long. Peduncles and
calyx glabrous. Corolla glabrous, an inch long.
Variegated Agapetes. Shrub.
$ 2. Corollas short, ovate.
5 A. ACUMINA'TA (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves petiolate, lanceolate,
long-acuminated, toothed ; flowers copious, corymbose, lateral.
Tj . G. Native of Silhet. Thibaudia acuminata, Wall. cat. no.
6297. Leaves a span long. ' Calycine segments ovate, mucronate.
Calyx and peduncles finely downy.
jtcuminated-\eaved Agapetes. Shrub.
6 A. SPRENGE'LII ; leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, acumi-
nated, denticulated, attenuated at the base, woolly ; flowers
racemose, glabrous ; peduncles glabrous ; calycine segments
ovate, denticulated; filaments downy; anthers bifid. fj . G.
Native of the East Indies. Thibaudia Sprengelii, Wall. cat.
no. 6298. Leaves 3 inches long. Flowers drooping, from 5 to
7 in a cluster. Corolla ovate-oblong, about 2 lines long.
Sprengel's Agapetes. Shrub.
7 A. SERRA'TA ; leaves verticillate, petiolate, lanceolate, acu-
minated, serrated, attenuated at the base ; flowers racemose,
pendulous, and are, as well as the filaments, glabrous : branch-
lets chaffy. f? . G. Native of the East Indies. Thibaudia
serrata, Wall. cat. no. 6299. Leaves 2 inches long, on very short
foot stalks. Calycine teeth very short, mucronate. Corolla
ovate-oblong, 2 lines long.
(Serrated-leaved Agapetes. Shrub.
8 A. SYMPIOCIFOLIA (D. Don, 1. c.) branchlets downy; leaves
ovate, mucronate, serrulated ; flowers and calyxes downy ; caly-
cine segments rounded, mucronulate ; filaments bearded. 1? .
G. Native of the East Indies. Andromeda symplocifolia,
Wall. cat. no. 1522. Corolla a line long.
Symplocos-leaved Agapetes. Shrub.
9 A. ELLIPTICA ; stem parasitical ; leaves elliptic-oblong,
acutish at both ends, biglandular at the base, coriaceous, veiny,
glabrous ; racemes secund, finely tomentose. \i . G. Native
of Java, on Mount Salak, upon trees. Thibaudia elliptica,
Blum, bijdr. p. 859.
Elliptic -\eme&. Agapetes. Fl. Year. Shrub parasitical.
10 A. FLORIBU'NDA ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated at
both ends, coriaceous, glabrous, veiny ; calyxes ciliated. J? .
G. Native of Java, on the tops of the mountains, where it is
called Prut by the natives. Thibaudia floribunda, Blum, bijdr.
I. c.
Bundle-flowered Agapetes. Shrub.
1 1 A. EAURIFOUA ; stem parasitical ; leaves cuneated-oblong,
bluntish, coriaceous, glabrous, almost veinless ; racemes gla-
brous, fy . G. Native of Java, on the top of Mount Buran-
grang, upon trees. Thibaudia laurifolia, Blum. 1. c.
Laurel-leaved Agapetes. Shrub parasitical.
12 A. VARINGUEFOLIA ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acutish
coriaceous, glabrous, nearly veinless ; racemes leafy, and are, as
ERICACEAE. LVI. AGAPETES. LVII. CERATOSTEMA. LVIII. PYROLA.
863
well as the calyxes, downy. t; . G. Native of Java, on Mount
Gede, where it is called by the natives Jatigie-betul. Thibaudia
varinglsefolia, Blum, bijdr. p. 860.
Varingia-leaved Agapetes. Fl. Year. Shrub.
13 A. LU'CIDA ; stem sometimes parasitical ; leaves small,
obovate, rather retuse, with recurved margins, coriaceous, gla-
brous, a little veined ; racemes, calyxes, and corollas downy.
tj . G. Native of Java, in the higher woods. Thibaudia
lucida, Blum. 1. c.
Shining Agapetes. Fl. Year. Shrub parasitical.
14 A. CORIA'CEA ; stem parasitical ; leaves elliptic or oblong-
lanceolate, much acuminated, coriaceous, somewhat 3-nerved,
and are, as well as the racemes, calyxes, and corollas, glabrous.
T?. G. Native of Java, on the mountains, upon trees, where it
is called Kilagiday by the natives. Thibaudia coriacea, Blum.
1. c.
Coriaceous-leaved Agapetes. Shrub parasitical.
15 A. cuNEirotiA ; leaves cuneiform, obtuse, sometimes re-
tuse, with recurved margins, coriaceous, nearly veinless, and are,
as well as the racemes and calyxes, glabrous. ^ • G. Native
of Java, on the higher mountains, in woods. Thibaudia cunei-
folia. Blum, bijdr. p. 861.
Wedge-leaved Agapetes. Fl. Year. Shrub.
16 A. MYRTO!DEA ; branchlets downy ; leaves ovate-elliptic,
bluntish, with recurved margins, coriaceous, nearly veinless,
downy on both surfaces at the midrib ; racemes glabrous. I? .
S. Native of the Moluccas, on the tops of the burning moun-
tains. Thibaudia myrtoidea, Blum, bijdr. 861.
Myrtle-like Agapetes. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Agarlsta, p. 838.
LVII. CERATOSTE'MA (from urepae, keras, a horn, and
mrtfitiiy, stemon, a stamen ; in reference to the anthers being
bluntly spurred at the base). Juss. gen. p. 163. Ruiz et Pav.
fl. per et Chil. vol. 4. ined.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria Monogynia. Limb of calyx large, 5-
parted, foliaceous. Corolla tubular, coarctate at the apex, 5-lobed.
Stamens 12 ; filaments very short. Anthers bluntly spurred at
the base ; cells elongated at the apex, filiform, almost wholly
free, dehiscing by a terminal pore each. Stigma simple, obtuse.
Berry 5-celled, many-seeded. Seeds small, angular. — Evergreen
shrubs, natives of Peru. Leaves oblong, on short petioles, almost
veinless, coriaceous, rounded and subcordate at the base. Flow-
ers almost sessile, lateral and terminal, pedunculate. Corollas
large, scarlet.
1 C. GRANDIFLORA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 383. f. b.)
branchlets and peduncles downy ; leaves lanceolate or ovate,
usually mucronate ; calycine segments acuminated ; corollas
longer than the peduncles. ^ . G. Native of Peru. Leaves
an inch or an inch and a half long, obtuse.
Great-flowered Ceratostema. Shrub.
2 C. HIRSU'TA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 383. f. a. ined.)
branchlets and peduncles downy ; leaves ovate-oblong, ob-
tuse ; calycine segments ovate, mucronate, reticulated ; corollas
about equal in length to the peduncles. Jj . G. Native of
Peru. C. cordifolia, Dunal, in herb. Lamb. Leaves 1^ inch
long.
Hairy Ceratostema. Shrub.
Cult. See Agarlsta, p. 838, for culture and propagation. —
Elegant shrubs, worth cultivating in every collection.
Tribe IV.
PYRO'LE^ (this tribe only contains the genus Pyrola). D.
Don, inedinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 152. Anthers 2-celled. Ova-
rium free. Hypogynous disk naked. Seeds peltate, samaroid.
Embryo dicotyledonous. Plants leafy, terrestrial.
LVIII. PYRO'LA (a diminutive of Pyrus, a pear-tree ;
resemblance in the leaves). Lin. gen. no. 554. Tourn. inst.
t. 134. Juss. gen. 161. Gsertn. fruct. 3. p. 303. t. 63. D.
Don, in werm. mem. 5. p. 224.
LIN. SYST. Decandria Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals
5. Stamens 10. Anthers dehiscing at the base by 2 holes.
Stigma 5-lobed. Capsule 5-celled ; valves connected by fine
intricate tomentum. Placentas lunate, with simple lobes. Cells
many-seeded. Seeds narrow, scobiform, winged at both ends.
Embryo transverse. Humble evergreen herbs with wide creep-
ing roots. Leaves petiolate, alternate, smooth, and usually
shining, coriaceous, crenulated, toothed or serrated. Scapes
erect, furnished with a few scales, usually triquetrous or quad-
rangular, convolute. Flowers pedicellate, bracteate, pendulous,
globose or campanulate, white or red, disposed in terminal
racemes. All the Pyrolce are possessed of strong astringent
qualities, and were formerly much esteemed for supposed heal-
ing properties ; they are now wholly disused.
§ 1. Stamens ascending. Style declinale, longer than the
petals : stigma annular. Scapes erect. Flowers campanulate,
pendulous, racemose, scattered, rarely somewhat secund.
1 P. ROTUNDIFOUA (Lin. spec. 567.) leaves roundish, quite
entire or crenulated, shorter than the dilated petioles ; scape tri-
quetrous ; calycine segments lanceolate, acute ; stigma clavate,
bluntly 5-toothed. I/. H. Native of Asia, Europe, and North
America, in old woods, in stony or sandy soil. In Britain, in
dry heathy woods, but rare ; in the north of England and High-
lands of Scotland. Smith, engl. bot. 213. exclusive of the syn.
of fl. dan. Lam. ill. t. 367. f. 1. P. grandiflora, Radd. diss.
p. 27. t. 3. f. 2.— Riv. mon. t. 137. and 136. f. 2.— Mor. ox.
sect. 12. t. 10. f. 1. Leaves numerous. Scapes furnished with
2-3 lanceolate-acute scales. Racemes 10-16-flowered. Pedi-
cles secund, rather remote, scattered. Flowers rather large,
milk-white.
Round-leaved Winter-green. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI.
£ foot.
2 P. ASARIFOLIA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 251.) leaves re-
niform, coriaceous, repandly crenated, twice shorter than the
dilated petioles ; scapes acutely triquetrous ; racemes many-
flowered ; calycine segments ovate, acuminated, adpressed ;
stigma clavate, with an elongated 5-lobed disk. 1£ . H. Na-
tive of Canada, in pine woods ; and on the mountains of Penn-
sylvania, in beech woods. Leaves numerous. Scapes fur-
nished with a few scarious convolute scales. Racemes elon-
gated. Pedicels remote, scattered. Flowers greenish-white or
yellowish-green, about the size of those of the preceding.
Asarum-leaved Winter-green. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810.
PI. i foot.
3 P. CHLORA'NTHA (Swartz, in Stockh. trans. 1810. t. 5.
Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 273.) leaves orbicular, retuse, obsoletely
crenulated, twice shorter than the narrow petioles ; raceme
few-flowered ; calycine segments very short, obtuse ; petals
oblong ; openings of anthers tubular ; stigma clavate, with an
elongated 5-lobed disk. If.. H. Native of Sweden and Upper
Canada. Lodd. bot. cab. 1542. P. convoluta, Bart. prod. fl. phil.
p. 50. P. asarifolia, Rad. diss. p. 23. t. 4. f. 1. exclusive of the
synonyme of Michaux. P. rotundifolia, ft, ntimmularia, Muhl.
cat. P. minor, Pursh. mss. and perhaps of fl. amer. sept.
1. p. 299. Scapes tetragonal, furnished only with one minute
scale in the middle. Pedicels curved, scattered. Flowers cam-
864
ERICACEAE. LVIII. PYROLA.
panulate, about the size of those of P. elliptica, greenish-white,
pendulous.
Green-flowered Winter-green. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818.
PI. ^ foot.
4 P. OCCIDENTALS (R. Br. mss. in herb. Banks, ex D.
Don, in wern. mem. 5. p. 232.) leaves roundish, membranous,
obsoletely denticulated, twice longer than the simple pe-
tioles ; racemes few-flowered ; calycine segments oblong, ob-
tuse ; disk of stigma 5-lobed. % . H. Native of Sledge Island,
on the north-west coast of America, where it was collected by
D. Nelson. Leaves numerous, one-half smaller than those of
P. minor. Scapes triquetrous. Pedicels equal in length to the
bracteas. Flowers globose, pendulous, milk-coloured, size of
those of P. rotundifolia.
Western Winter-green. PI. ^ foot.
5 P. ELLIPTICA (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 273.) leaves elliptic or
ovate, membranous, serrulated, longer than the dilated petioles ;
racemes few-flowered ; bracteas lanceolate, subulate, recurved at
top ; calycine segments very short, ending each in a recurved
mucrone ; petals oval ; stigma clavate, with an elevated 5-lobed
disk. Tf. . H. Native of both Canadas, in woods ; and around
Philadelphia ; and in the woods of New Jersey. Rad. diss. p.
81. t. 5. f. 1. P. ovalifolia, Pursh, mss. in herb. Lamb.
Scapes acutely triquetrous, furnished with a solitary scarious
scale near the base. Pedicels scattered, distant. Flowers cam-
panulate, white, with a grateful smell, smaller than those of P.
rolundifdlia.
Elliptic-leaved Winter-green. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818.
PI. £ foot.
6 P. DENTA'TA (Smith in Rees' cycl. D. Don in wern. mem.
5. p. 235.) leaves cuneate-oblong, coriaceous, acute at the base,
twice as much longer than the narrow petioles, having the margin
remotely toothed or quite entire ; racemes elongated, few-flow-
ered, rather secund ; petals oval ; disk of stigma elongated, 5-
lobed. "1%.. H. Native of the Island of Nootka, on the north-
west coast of America, where it was collected by Mr. Menzies.
Leaves crowded. Scapes angular, naked. Racemes drooping
at the apex, secund. Flowers campanulate, drooping, milk-
white.
Tooled-leaved Winter-green. PI. 1 foot.
7 P. riciA (Smith in Rees, cycl. D. Don in wern. mem. 5.
p. 235.) leaves ovate, mucronulated, coriaceous, somewhat ser-
rated, equal to the narrow petioles in length, red beneath, but
dark green, and marked along the veins with whitish bands
above ; racemes many-flowered ; petals roundish : stigma cla-
vate, with a 5-lobed disk. 1£. H. Native of the Island of
Nootka, on the north-west coast of America ; and of Japan,
near the town of Nagasaki. Scapes acutely triquetrous,
reddish, never convolute, furnished with scarious scales.
Pedicels scattered. Flowers globosely campanulate, pendulous,
white.
Painted-leaved Winter-green. PI. \ foot.
8 P. APHY'LLA (Smith in Rees' cycl. D. Don in wern. mem.
5. p. 237.) leafless ; scape angular, furnished with numerous
scales at the base ; racemes many-flowered, rather secund ;
calycine segments ovate, acute, crenulated ; petals roundish ;
disk of stigma elongated, 5-crenated. 14.. H. Native of
Nootka Island, on the north-west coast of America, where it
was collected by Mr. Menzies. Scapes numerous. Flowers
globose, pendulous, milk-white. This remarkable species, al-
though wholly destitute of leaves, is not, strictly speaking, leaf-
less ; their place is supplied by a kind of foliaceous scales, of
a greenish colour. In some of the fine specimens preserved in
the Banksian herbarium, an approach to leaves may be distinctly
observed.
Leafless Winter-green. PI. i foot.
§ 2. Stamens erect, bent towards the pistillum. Style de-
cimate, longer than the petals. Stigmas without a ring. Scapes
erect. Flowers racemose, globose, pendulous, scattered, never
secund.
9 P. ME'DIA (Swartz, in act. holm. 1804. p. 257. t. 7. Smith,
engl. bot. t. 1945.) leaves orbicular or roundish-oval, crenu-
lated, coriaceous, equal in length to the dilated petioles ; scapes
spiral, acutely triquetrous ; racemes many-flowered ; calycine
segments ovate, acute ; stigma capitate, bluntly 5-lobed. I/ .
H. Native of Sweden, Scotland, and the north of England,
among bushes and in woods ; very common in Scotland, espe-
cially in mountainous districts. Radd. diss. p. 21. t. 3. P.
rotundifolia, Fl. dan. t. 110. — -Blackw. 594. Huds. angl.
p. 175. Lightf. scot. 1. p. 218. With. brit. 1. p. 408.— Riv.
mon. 138. Leaves numerous. Pedicels scattered. Flowers
pendulous, white tinged with red, much larger than those of
P. minor.
Intermediate Winter-green. Fl. June, July. Britain. PL J-
foot.
§ 3. Stamens erect. Style straight ; stigma exannulated,
or without a ring. Scapes erect. Flowers pendulous, race-
mose.
10 P. MINOR (Lin. spec. 567.) leaves roundish or oval, coria-
ceous, repandly crenulated, longer than the petioles, which are
dilated ; racemes spicate ; bracteas much longer than the pedi-
cels ; calycine segments very short ; style inclosed ; stigma flat-
tish, 5-lobed. T|. H. Native of the colder parts of Europe, .
and the north of Asia, on heaths, in bushy places, and in woods ;
in Britain, in mossy woods and thickets, in mountainous situa-
tions ; in Yorkshire, and common in many parts of Durham ;
woods near Brodie House, and at the Falls of Clyde, and many
other places of Scotland. Fl. dan. t. 55. Smith, engl. bot.
158. Rad. diss. p. 15. t. 1. P. rosea, Smith, engl. bot.
2543. Rad. diss. p. 18. t. 2. P. rotundifolia, Pall. ind. taur.
—Gmel. sib. 4. p. 128. no. 16. t. 56. f. 1. — Riv. mon. t.
136. f. 1. Leaves numerous, mucronulated at the apex.
Scapes quadrangular, furnished with a lanceolate membranous
scale in the middle. Racemes spicate, dense. Flowers glo-
bose, with a contracted mouth, white tinged with red. A
variety of this species has been gathered in the Island of Una-
laschka.
Smaller Winter-green. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. i to
I foot.
IIP. SECU'NDA (Lin. spec. 567.) leaves ovate, acute, mem-
branous, sharply serrated, longer than the narrow petides ; ra-
ceme secund or unilateral ; calycine segments rounded ; petals
oblong; style exserted ; stigma flattish, 5-lobed. I/. H. Na-
tive of Europe, Asia ; and North America, from Canada to
New Jersey ; among bushes and in alpine woods, particularly
in dry, mossy, pine woods ; in Britain, in mossy alpine
woods ; in Yorkshire ; in many fir or birch woods in Scot-
land ; on the hill of Dunnairn ; in Darway forest, near Brodie
House. Fl. dan. t. 402. Smith, engl. bot. t. 517. — Gmel.
sib. 4. p. 129. t. 56. f. 2. Riv. mon. t. 138. f. 2.— Mor.
hist. 1. sect. 12. t. 10. f. 4. Stems rather woody. Leaves
mucronulate. Peduncles bluntly angular. Racemes elongated,
many-flowered. Flowers campanulate, white, tinged with pale
green.
(Secunrf-flowered Winter-green. Fl. June, July. Britain.
PI. J. to \ foot.
ERICACE.E. LIX. CHIMAPHILA. LX. MONESES. LXI. CLADOTHAMNUS.
865
Cult. All the species of Winter-green are very pretty
when in blossom, but are extremely difficult to cultivate in
gardens. They grow best in a sandy or gravelly soil, in a
shady situation. They should be mulched with moss, and a
hand-glass placed over them. They may be increased by
division.
LIX. CHIMA'PHILA (from x£Va> cheima, winter, and
<pt\ew, phileo, to love ; the plants are green in winter).
Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 300. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 274.
— Chimaza, R. Br. in herb. Banks — Pyrola species, Lin. and
others.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed (f. 143. a.)
Petals 5, at length reflexed (f. 143. 6.) Stamens 10 ; anthers de-
hiscing at the base by 2 holes ; filaments stipitate ; stipes discoid,
ciliated. Style very short, immersed in the germ. Stigma
annular, orbicular,- (f. 143. </.), with a 5-lobed disk. Capsules
5-celled, opening from the summit; margins of valves desti-
tute of tomentum ; cells many-seeded. Seeds narrow, scobi-
form, winged at both ends. Embryo transverse. — Evergreen
sufftuticose plants, with creeping roots. Leaves lanceolate, ser-
rated, verticillate. Scapes naked. Flowers corymbose, white.
1 C. CORYMBOSA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 300.) leaves
cuneate-lanceolate, serrated, 4-5 in a whorl ; peduncles pubes-
cent, bearing a 5-6-flowered corymb at top; bracteas linear-
subulate ; appendages of filaments ciliated ; style immersed.
Tj . H. Native of Europe, Asia, and North America, from
Canada to Carolina, in sandy and gravelly woods. Pyrola um-
bellata, Lin. spec. 468. Sims, bot. mag. 7781. Chimaza um-
bellata, R. Br. in herb. Banks.— Riv. pent. t. 139. f. 2.— Mor.
hist. 3. sect. 12. t. 10. f. 5. Root creeping. Plant evergreen,
frutescent. Leaves green on both surfaces, acutely and dis-
tantly serrated from the middle to the apex. Flowers corym-
bose, pendulous, at length erectish, greenish-white, tinged with
red. Anthers purplish.
Umbellate-flowered Winter- green. Fl. June. Clt. 1752.
PI. £ to $ foot. (
2 C. MACULA'TA (Pursh. fl.
amer. sept. 1. p. 300. Nutt.
gen. amer. 1. p. 275.) leaves
lanceolate, acute, with white
bands on the upper surface
along the nerve and veins, op-
posite, or 4 in a whorl ; pedun-
cles downy, bearing a 2-S-flow-
ered corymb at the apex; brac-
teoles linear ; appendages of
filaments woolly ; style very
short, fy . H. Native of North
America, from Canada to Caro-
lina, in sandy or gravelly woods ;
also on the north-west coast.
Pyrola maculata, Lin. spec.
568. Sims, bot. mag. 897.
Chimaza maculata, R. Br. in
• herb. Banks. — Pluk. mant. 157. t. 349. f. 4. Plant suffru-
tescent, evergreen. Root creeping. Stem procumbent at base
and ascending at apex. Lower surface of leaves red. Pedi-
cels and calyxes red, clothed with clammy down. Flowers
pendulous, white. Anthers yellow. This plant is in high
esteem for its medicinal qualities among the Indians ; they call
it sip-si-sewa. Mr. Pursh tells us, that he has witnessed the
beneficial effects of a decoction of this plant in a very severe
case of hysterics ; and he says it is a plant eminently de-
serving the attention of physicians. We are also informed
VOL. in.
FIG. 143.
that its decoction has proved very serviceable in scrofulous
diseases.
Spotted-\eaveA Winter-green. Fl. June. Clt. 1752. PI.
dec. 3 to 4 inches long.
3 C. MENZIE'SII (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 317.) leaves alternate,
or 3 in a whorl, lanceolate, acuminated, serrated, discoloured ;
peduncles 2-flowered, glabrous ; bracteas broad -roundish ; ca-
lycine segments elliptic, acute ; style distinct. Jj . H. Native
of the north-west coast of America, where it was collected by
Mr. Menzies. Pyrola Menziesii, R. Br. in herb. Banks ex
D. Don, in wern. mem. 5. p. 245. Plant suflrutescent, ever-
green. Root creeping. Stems ascending, red. Pedicels gla-
brous. Flowers pendulous, white. Leaves deep green above
and red beneath. This species has a striking resemblance to
P. maculata.
Menzies' Winter-green. Plant ascending, 2 to 3 inches
long.
Cult. See Pyrbla, for culture and propagation, above.
LX. MONE'SES (from povoe, monos, alone ; flowers solitary
on the tops of the scapes). Sal. mss. in Gray, brit. arrang. 2.
p. 403. Pyrola uniflora, of authors.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed (f. 144. a.)
Corolla 5-lobed (f. 144. 6.) Stamens 10, inclinate. Anthers
dehiscing at the base by two holes; cells of anthers elongated and
tubular. Stigma 5-toothed (f. 144. /.) Capsule 5-celled; valves
dehiscing from the apex, destitute of tomentum. — An herb
with a creeping root. Leaves orbicular, 3 in a whorl, coria-
ceous, serrated. Scapes 1 -flowered. Pedicels bracteate. Flowers
white.
1 M. GKAND1FLORA (Sal. HISS.
in Gray, brit. arrang. 2. p.
403.) flowers solitary, at the top
of the scape ; cells of anthers
elongated and tubular ; stigma
acutely 5-toothed ; leaves orbi-
cular, serrated. If.. H. Na-
tive of Europe, Asia, and North
America, in alpine mossy woods;
in Britain, in alpine woods and
by the sides of trickling rills ; in
the western islands of Harris
and Borneras : in a fir wood near
Brodie House, by Forres. Py-
rola uniflbra, Lin. spec. 5CS. Fl.
dan. t. 8. Smith, engl. bot. t.
146 — Moris, hist. 3. p. 505.
sect. 12. 1. 10. f. 2. — Riv. mon.
t. 139. f. 1. Leaves 3, rarely 4 in a whorl, longer than tlif
dilated petioles. Scape furnished with an ovate scale above
the middle. Flowers large, solitary, drooping, white, very
sweet-scented. Stamens recumbent.
Great-flowered Winter-green. Fl. June, July. Britain,
to 1 foot.
FIG. 144.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Pyrbla, above.
PI. \
LXI. CLADOTHA'MNUS (from tXa^oe, klados, .a
branch, and Sct/ivoe, thamnos, a shrub). Bongard, in mem.
acad. petersb. 2. p. 155. t. 1. — Pyrola fruticosa, Escholz.
mss.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals
5. Stamens 10. Anthers wholly adnate, dehiscing by 2 pores
at the apex. Stigma globose, somewhat 5-lobed. Capsule
globose, 5-valved, rarely 6-valved, and 5, rarely 6-celled.
5 S
866
ERICACE-fli. LXI. CLADOTHAMNUS. LXII. HYPOPITYS. LXIII. MONOTROPA. LXIV. PIEROSPORA.
Margins of the valves septiferous. Placenta 5-lobed; lobes
roundish. Seeds numerous, small, involved in membranous
aril. — A much branched shrub. Leaves sessile, entire, elliptic
or oblong, glabrous, but when young finely ciliated, glauces-
cent beneath, l£ inch long and 5 lines broad. Flowers axillary,
solitary.
1 C. PYROLIFLORUS (Bongard, 1. c). f? . H. Native of the
north-west coast of America, and of the Island of Sitcha.
Pyrola-florvered Cladothamnus. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Azalea, p. 851.
Tribe V.
MONOTRO'PE.fE (this tribe contains plants agreeing with
Monolropa in many important characters). D. Don, in edinb.
phil. journ. 17. p. 152. Anthers 1 -celled. Ovarium free.
Hypogynous disk naked. Seeds peltate. Embryo undivided.
— Leafless parasitical herb.
LXII. HYPO'PITYS (from vm, hupo, under ; and
pitys, a pine-tree ; the species are parasitical on the roots of
pine-trees). Dill. gen. 7. Nutt. gen. amer 1. p. 270. — Mo-
notropa species, Lin. and others. — Orobanchoides, Tourn. mem;
acad. 170.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 3 to 5-parted.
Corolla permanent, so deeply 4-5-cleft as to appear of 4-5
petals ; each segment with a cucullate nectariferous base. Sta-
mens 8-10. Anthers small, horizontal, with 2 obtuse horns at
their base, at length opening flat. Stigma orbicular, .with a
bearded margin. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds very nu-
merous, minute, girded by a narrow wing or membrane. —
Parasitical upon the roots of trees destitute of proper leaves
and verdure. Roots composed of dense imbricating scales.
Stems or scapes aggregate, simple, furnished with alternate
scales. Flowers racemose, pedicellate. Raceme bent at first,
but at length erect. — Scent of the whole plant musky. — Habit
of Orobdnche.
1 H. EUROPE' A (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 271.) scape spike-
flowered ; scales and flowers glabrous outside ; lateral flowers
octandrous. I/ . H. Native of many parts of Europe, as
Sweden, Denmark, France, Italy, Britain, &c., in woods,
where the ground is covered with rotten leaves, at the roots
of fir, beech, and oak. In North America, from Canada to
Pennsylvania, at the roots of beech and other trees, in shady
moist places. With us, in Oxfordshire, in Stoken Church
woods, and between Nettle-bed and Henley, Bedfordshire,
Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, frequent ; Maidstone in Kent ;
Tring in Hertfordshire ; in the beech woods of Sussex ; in
Selbourn-hanger, Hampshire ; Riley in Gloucestershire ; En-
ville in Staffordshire ; Shottesham and Stoke in Norfolk ; in
Scotland, but not common. Monotropa Hypopitys, Lin. spec.
555. Smith, engl. bot. t. 69. Fl. dan. t. 232. Hipopitys
multiflora, Scop. earn. no. 178. Dill. gies. 99. append. 134. t.
7.— Mentz. pug. 8. f. 5.— Pluk. phyt. t. 209. f. 5.— Mor. hist.
3. sect. 12. t. 16. f. 20. The whole plant has a pale yellow or
brownish yellow appearance ; the American one is much smaller
than the European one. In Sweden it is given dry to sheep
that are affected with cough.
European Yellow Bird's-nest. Fl. June, July. Britain.
PI. i foot.
2 H. HYPOPHE'GEA ; raceme few-flowered; petals glabrous,
jagged, about equal in length to the style, which is quite gla-
brous. T^.'H. Native of Europe, in beech woods. Mono-
tropa hypophegea, Wallr. sched. Monotropa hypoxya, Spreng.
syst. 2. p. 317.
Beech Yellow Bird's-nest. PI. £ foot.
3 H. LANUGINOSA (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 271.) scapes spike-
flowered; bracteas and flowers woolly. If.. H. Native of
North America, from Pennsylvania to Carolina, in similar places
to the preceding. Monotropa lanugiiiosa, Michx. fl. bor. amer.
2. p. 266. The whole plant is of a light tan colour, downy in
every part. Segments of calyx inconstant in number.
Woolly Yellow Bird'-nest. PI. | foot.
Cult. The species are not cultivatable.
LXIII. MONO'TROPA (from HOVOQ, monos, one ; and
tropeo, to turn ; flowers turned one way). Nutt. gen.
amer. 271. — Monotropa species, Lin. gen. no. 536, Juss.
gen. 430.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria Monogynia. Calyx none. Corolla
permanent, so deeply 5-parted as to appear 5-petalled ; each
segment with a cucullate nectariferous base. Stamens 10 ; an-
thers reniform, horizontal, with 2 obtuse horns at their base,
emitting the pollen near the middle by 2 transverse chinks.
Stigma orbicular, naked. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds
numerous, minute, surrounded by a wing. — Parasitical plants,
mostly upon the roots of trees, destitute of proper leaves and
verdure. Root roundish, composed of an agglomeration of
intricate succulent fibres, producing many 1-flowered scaly
scapes or stems. Flowers at first nutant. Plants white and
smooth, destitute of the musky odour of Hypopitys, but
having a nauseous lileaceous scent when bruised. Habit of
Orobdnche.
1 M. MORISONIA'NA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 266.) scapes
elongated, very straight, 1-flowered, furnished with distant
scales ; flower erect. I/ . H. Native of Virginia and Caro-
lina, in shady woods, parasitical on the roots of trees. — Mor.
hist. 3. sect. 12. t. 16. f. 5. Flowers larger than in the follow-
ing species, frequently with 12 stamens.
Morison's White Bird's-nest. PI. ^ foot.
2 M. UNIFLORA (Lin. spec. 555.) scape short, thick, 1-flow-
ered, furnished with approximate scales ; flowers drooping.
Tf.. H. Native from New York to Carolina, parasitical on the
roots of trees, in shady moist places. Hook. exot. fl. t. 85.
— Pluk. aim. t. 209. f. 2. Catesb. car. 1. t. 36.
One-flowered White Bird's-nest. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1 824.
PI. | foot.
Cult. The species are not cultivatable.
LXIV. PTERO'SPORA (from vrtnov, pteron, a wing,
and <rm>pa, spora, a seed ; the seeds are surrounded by a mem-
branous margin or wing). Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 269. Lindl.
coll. with a figure.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla ovate, with a 5-toothed reflexed border. Stamens 10.
Anthers excentrically peltate, 2-celled, adnate to the filaments
by the margin, bisetose at the base. Capsule 5-celled, imper-
fectly 5-valved ; dissepiments and valves united towards the
base, and joined with the central axis. Placenta 5-lobed.
Seeds very numerous and minute, each furnished with a termi-
nal wing.^-An evanescent annual plant, destitute of verdure,
with the habit of Monotropa, to which it is nearly allied. Leaves
none. Stem simple, racemose. Flowers numerous, scattered,
reddish, resembling those of some species of Andromeda. Pe-
duncles rather long, 1-flowered, drooping.
1 P. ANDROMEDA (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 27.) O- H. Na-
tive of Upper Canada, near the Falls of Niagara, in clay soils ;
banks of Seneca lake ; and near Albany, in the state of New
13
. LXIV. PTEROSPORA. LXV. SCHWEINITZIA.
867
York. Plant covered with brownish viscid hairs. Stems
brownish red or purple, furnished with lanceolate scales at the
base. Peduncles filiform, nutant. Corollas white, with a red
border.
^nrfromerfa-flowered Pterospora. FJ. July. PL 1 to 2
feet.
Cult. The plant is not cultivatable.
XXXVIII. SCHWEINITZIA (named after the Rev.
Schweinitz, author of a monograph of the American species of the
genus Carex, published in Annals of the Lyceum of New
York). Ell. fl. car. vol. 2. Nutt. gen. amer. addend.
LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-leaved ; segments
concave, equal with the corolla. Corolla campanulate, with a
5-cleft border, and a 5-cleft nectarium at the base of the corolla.
Stamens 10. Anthers adnate to the filaments, 1-celled, opening
from the inverted base by 2 naked pores. Stigma subglobose,
closed, internally 5-cleft. Capside 5-celled. ? Seeds ? A
small, herbaceous, and probably parasitical plant, destitute of
proper leaves and verdure. Scapes scaly. Flowers terminal,
aggregate, sessile, bracteate ; bracteas large.
1 S. CAROLINIA'NA (Ell. fl. car. vol. 2.)
of North Carolina, in rich shady woods,
scented, reddish-white.
Carolina Schweinitzia. Fl. Feb. March.
Cult. The plant is not cultivatable.
0. H.
Flowers
PL \ foot.
Native
sweet-
END OF VOL. in.
GILBERT & RIVINGTON, PRINTERS,
ST. JOHN'S SQUARE.
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A general history of
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